an inward Tumult in the parts therof seeking to deliuer themselues from the Compression And this is the Cause of all Violent Motion Wherin it is strange in the highest Degree that this Motion hath neuer been obserued nor inquired It being of all Motions the most Common and the Chiefe Roote of all Mechanicall Operations This Motion worketh in round at first by way of Proofe and Search which way to deliuer it selfe And then worketh in Progresse wher it findeth the Deliuerance easiest In Liquours this Motion is visible For all Liquours strucken make round Circles and withall Dash but in Solids which breake not it is so subtile as it is inuisible But neuertheless bewrayeth it selfe by many Effects As in this Instance wherof we speake For the Pressure of the Finger furthered by the wetting because it sticketh so much the better vnto the Lipp of the Glasse after some continuance putteth all the small Parts of the Glasse into worke that they strike the Water sharpely from which Percussion that Sprinkling commeth If you strike or pierce a Solid Body that is brittle as Glasse or Sugar it breaketh not onely wher the immediate force is but breaketh all about into shiuers and fitters The Motion vpon the Pressure searching all wayes and breaking where it findeth the Body weakest The Powder in Shot being Dilated into such a Flame as endureth not Compression Moueth likewise in round The Flame being in the Nature of a liquid Body Sometimes recoyling Sometimes breaking the Piece But generally discharging the Bullett because ther it findeth easiest Deliuerance This Motion vpon Pressure and the Reciprocall therof which is Motion vpon Tensure we vse to call by one common Name Motion of Libertie which is when any Body being forced to a Preter-Naturall Extent or Dimension deliuereth and restoreth it selfe to the Naturall As when a Blowne Bladder Pressed riseth againe or when Leather or Cloath tentured spring backe These two Motions of which ther be infinite Instances we shall handle in due place This Motion vpon Pressure is excellently also demonstrated in Sounds As when one Chimeth vpon a Bell it soundeth But as soon as he layeth his hand vpon it the Sound ceaseth And so the Sound of a Virginall String as soone as the Quill of the Iack falleth vpon it stoppeth For these Sounds are produced by the subtile Percussion of the Minute parts of the Bell or String vpon the Aire All one as the Water is caused to leape by the subtile Percussion of the Minute parts of the Glasse vpon the Water wherof we spake a little before in the 9th Experiment For you must not take it to be the locall Shaking of the Bell or String that doth it As we shall fully declare when we come hereafter to handle Sounds TAke a Glasse with a Belly and a long Nebb fill the Belly in part with Water Take also another Glasse whereinto put Claret Wine and Water mingled Reverse the first Glasse with the Belly vpwards Stopping the Nebb with your fingar Then dipp the Mouth of it within the Second Glasse and remoue your Fingar Continue it in that posture for a time And it will vnmingle the VVine from the Water The VVine ascending and setling in the topp of the vpper Glasse And the VVater descending and setling in the bottome of the lower Glasse The passage is apparent to the Eye For you shall see the VVine as it were in a small veine rising through the VVater For handsomnesse sake because the Working requireth some small time it were good you hang the vpper Glasse vpon a Naile But as soone as ther is gathered so much pure and vnmixed water in the Bottome of the Lower Glasse as that the Mouth of the vpper Glasse dippeth into it the Motion ceaseth Let the Vpper Glasse be VVine and the Lower VVater ther followeth no Motion at all Lett the Vpper Glasse be VVater pure the Lowwer VVater coloured or contrariwise ther followeth no Motion at all But it hath been tried that though the Mixture of VVine and VVater in the Lower Glasse be three parts VVater and but one VVine yet it doth not dead the Motion This Separation of VVater and VVine appeareth to be made by Weight for it must be of Bodies of vnequall Weight or ells it worketh not And the Heauier Body must euer be in the vpper Glasse But then note withall that the VVater being made pensile and ther being a great VVeight of VVater in the Belly of the Glasse sustained by a small Pillar of VVater in the Neck of the Glasse It is that which sesteth the Motion on worke For VVater and VVine in one Glasse with long standing will hardly seuer This Experiment would be Extended from Mixtures of seuerall Liquors to Simple Bodies which Consist of seuerall Similare Parts Try it therfore with Broyne or Salt water and Fresh water Placing the Salt water which is the heauier in the vpper Glasse And see whether the Fresh will come aboue Try it also with VVater thick Sugred and Pure water and see whether the water which commeth aboue will loose his Sweetnes For which purpose it were good ther were a little Cock made in the Belly of the vpper Glasse IN Bodies containing Fine Spirits which doe easely dissipate when you make Infusions the Rule is A short Stay of the Body in the Liquour receyueth the Spiritt And a longer Stay confoundeth it because it draweth forth the Earthy Part withall which embaseth the finer And therfore it is an Errour in Phisicians to rest simply vpon the Length of stay for encreasing the vertue But if you will haue the Infusion strong in those kinde of Bodies which haue fine Spiritts your way is not to giue Longer time but to repeat the Infusion of the Body oftner Take Violetts and infuse a good Pugill of them in a Quart of Vineger Lett them stay three quarters of an houre and take them forth And refresh the Infusion with like quantity of new Violetts seuen times And it will make a Vineger so fresh of the Flower as if a Twelue-moneth after it be brought you in a Saucer you shall smell it before it come at you Note that it smelleth more perfectly of the Flower a good while after then at first This Rule which wee haue giuen is of singular vse for the Preparations of Medecines and other Infusions As for Example the Leafe of Burrage hath an Excellent Spiritt to represse the fuliginous Vapour of Dusky Melancholy and so to cure Madnes But neuerthelesse if the Leafe be infused long it yieldeth forth but a raw substance of no Vertue Therfore I suppose that if in the Must of Wine or Wort of Beere while it worketh before it be Tunned the Burrage stay a small time and be often changed with fresh It will make a Soueraigne Drink for Melancholy Passions And the like I conceyue of Orenge Flowers Rubarb hath manifestly in it Parts of contrary Operations Parts that purge And parts that binde the body And
it And to keepe it from relaxing the Stomach too much you must put in a little Powder of Cinnamon The Yolkes of Eggs are of themselues so well prepared by Nature for Nourishment As so they be Potched or Reare boiled they need no other Preparation or Mixture yet they may be taken also rawe when they are new laid with Malmesey or Sweet wine You shall doe well to put in some few Slices of Eryngium Roots and a little Amber-grice For by this meanes besides the immediate Facultie of Nourishment such Drinke will strengthen the Backe So that it will not draw downe the Vrine too fast For too much Vrine doth alwaies hinder Nourishment Mincing of meat as in Pies and buttered Minced Meat saueth the Grinding of the Teeth And therefore no doubt it is more Nourishing Especially in Age Or to them that haue weake Toeth But the Butter is not so proper for weake Bodies And therfore it were good to moisten it with a little Claret wine Pill of Limon or Orenge cut small Sugar and a very little Cinnamon or Nutmegg As for Chaetts which are likewise minced Meat in stead of Butter and Fat it were good to moisten them partly with Creame or Almond or Pistachomilke or Barly or Maiz Creame Adding a little Coriander Seed and Carraway Seed and a very little Saffron The more full Handling of Alimentation we reserue to the due place Wee haue hitherto handled the Particulars which yeeld best and easiest and plentifullest Nourishment And now we will speake of the best Meanes of Conueying and Conuerting the Nourishment The First Meanes is to procure that the Nourishment may not be robbed and drawen away wherin that which we haue already said is very Materiall To prouide that the Reines draw not too strongly an ouer-great Part of the Bloud into Vrine To this adde that Precept of Aristotle that Wine be forborne in all Consumptions For that the Spirits of the Wine doe prey vpon the Roseide Iuyce of the Body and inter-common with the Spirits of the Body and so deceiue and robbe them of their Nourishment And therefore if the Consumption growing from the weaknes of the Stomach doe force you to vse Wine let it alwaies be burnt that the Quicker Spirits may euaporate or at the least quenched with two little wedges of Gold six or seuen times repeated Adde also this Prouision That there be not too much Expence of the Nourishment by Exhaling and Sweating And therfore if the Patient be apt to sweat it must be gently restrained But chiefly Hippocrates Rule is to bee followed who aduiseth quite contrary to that which is in vse Namely that the Linnen or Garment next the Flesh be in Winter drie and oft changed And in Sommer seldome changed and smeared ouer with Oyle For certaine it is that any Substance that is fat doth a little fill the Pores of the Body and stay Sweat in some Degree But the more cleanly way is to haue the Linnen smeared lightly ouer with Oyle of Sweet Almonds And not to forbeare shifting as oft as is fit The Second Meanes is to send forth the Nourishment into the Parts more strongly For which the working must be by Strengthening of the Stomach And in this because the Stomach is chiefly comforted by Wine and Hot things which otherwise hurt it is good to resort to Outward Applications to the Stomach Wherin it hath beene tried that the Quilts of Roses Spices Mastick Wormewood Mint c. are nothing so helpfull as to take a Cake of New bread and to bedew it with a little Sack or Alegant And to drie it And after it be dried a little before the Fire to put it within a cleane Napkin and to lay it to the Stomach For it is certaine that all Flower hath a potent Vertue of Astriction In so much as it hardeneth a peece of flesh or a Flower that is laid in it And therefore a Bagge quilted with Bran is likewise very good but it drieth somewhat too much and therefore it must not lye long The Third Meanes which may be a Branch of the former is to send forth the Nourishment the better by Sleepe For we see that Beares and other Creatures that sleepe in the Winter wax exceeding fat And certaine it is as it is commonly beleeued that Sleepe doth Nourish much Both for that the Spirits do lesse spend the Nourishment in Sleepe then when liuing Creatures are awake And because that which is to the present purpose it helpeth to thrust out the Nourishment into the Parts Therefore in Aged men and weake Bodies and such as abound not with Choller a short Sleepe after dinner doth helpe to Nourish For in such Bodies there is no feare of an ouer-hastie Disgestion which is the Inconuenience of Postmeridian Sleepes Sleepe also in the Morning after the taking of somewhat of easie Digestion As Milke from the Cow Nourishing Breth or the like doth further Nourishment But this would bee done sitting vpright that the Milke or Broth may passe the more speedily to the bottome of the Stomach The Fourth Meanes is to prouide that the Parts themselues may draw to them the Nourishment strongly There is an Excellent Obseruation of Aristotle That a great Reason why Plants some of them are of greater Age than Liuing Creatures is for that they yearely put forth new Leaues and Boughes whereas Liuing Creatures put forth after their Period of Growth nothing that is young but Haire and Nailes which are Excrements and no Parts And it is most certaine that whatsoeuer is young doth draw Nourishment better than that which is Old And then that which is the Mystery of that Obseruation young Boughes and Leaues calling the Sap vp to them the same Nourisheth the Body in the Passage And this we see notably proued also in that the oft Cutting or Polling of Hedges Trees and Herbs doth conduce much to their Lasting Transferre therefore this Obseruation to the Helping of Nourishment in Liuing Creatures The Noblest and Principall Vse whereof is for the Prolongation of Life Restauration of some Degree of Youth and Inteneration of the Parts For certaine it is that there are in Liuing Creatures Parts that Nourish and Repaire easily And Parts that Nourish and repaire hardly And you must refresh and renew those that are easie to Nourish that the other may be refreshed and as it were Drinke in Nourishment in the Passage Now wee see that Draught Oxen put into good Pasture recouer the Flesh of young Beese And Men after long Emaciating Diets wax plumpe and fat and almost New So that you may surely conclude that the frequent and wise Vse of those Emaciating Diets and of Purgings And perhaps of some kinde of Bleeding is a principall Meanes of Prolongation of Life and Restoring some Degree of Youth For as we haue often said Death commeth vpon Liuing Creatures like the Torment of McZentius Mortua quinetiam iungebat Corporavinis Componens Manibusque Manus atque Oribus Ora. For the
Parts in Mans Body easily reparable as Spirits Bloud and Flesh die in the Embracement of the Parts hardly reparable as Bones Nerues and Membranes And likewise some Entrails which they reckon amongst the Spermaticall Parts are hard to repaire Though that Diuision of Spermaticall and Menstrnall Parts be but a Conceit And this same Obseruation also may be drawne to the present purpose of Nourishing Emaciated Bodies And therefore Gentle Frication draweth forth the Nourishment by making the Parts a little hungry and heating them whereby they call forth Nourishment the better This Frication I wish to be done in the Morning It is also best done by the Hand or a peece of Scarlet wooll wet a little with Oile of Almonds mingled with a small Quantity of Bay-sals or Saffron We see that the very Currying of Horses doth make them fat and in good liking The Fifth Meanes is to further the very Act of Assimilation of Nourishment which is done by some outward Emollients that make the Parts more apt to Assimilate For which I haue compounded an Ointment of Excellent Odour which I call Roman Ointment vide the Receit The vse of it would be betweene Sleepes For in the latter Sleepe the Parts Assimilate chiefly There be many Medicines which by themselues would doe no Cure but perhaps Hurt but being applyed in a certaine Order one after another doe great Cures I haue tried my selfe a Remedy for the Gout which hath seldome failed but driuen it away in 24. Houres space It is first to apply a Pultasse Of which vide the Receit And then a Bath or Fomentation of which vide the Receit And then a Plaister vide the Receit The Pultasse relaxeth the Pores and maketh the Humour apt to Exhale The Fomentation calleth forth the Humour by Vapours But yet in regard of the way made by the Pultasse Draweth gently And therfore draweth the Humour out and doth not draw more to it For it is a Gentle Fomentation and hath withall a Mixture though very little of some Stupefactine The Plaister is a Moderate Astringent Plaister which repelleth New Humour from falling The Pultasse alone would make the Part more soft and weake And apter to take the Defluxion and Impression of the Humour The Fomentation alone if it were too weake without way made by the Pultasse would draw forth little If too strong it would draw to the Part as well as draw from it The Plaister alone would pen the Humour already contained in the Part and so exasperate it as well as forbid new Humour Therefore they must be all taken in Order as is said The Pultasse is to be laid to for two or three Houres The Fomentation for a Quarter of an Houre or somewhat better being vsed hot and seuen or eight times repeated The Plaister to continue on still till the Part be well confirmed There is a secret Way of Cure vnpractized By Assuetude of that which in it selfe hurteth Poysons haue beene made by some Familiar as hath beene said Ordinary keepers of the Sicke of the Plague are seldome infected Enduring of Torture by Custome hath been made more casie The Brooking of Enormous Quantity of Meats and so of Wine or Strong Drinke hath beene by Custome made to be without Surfet or Drunkennesse And generally Diseases that are Chronicall as Coughes Phthisickes some kindes of Palseyes Lunacies c. are most dangerous at the first Therefore a wise Physitian will consider whether a Disease be Incurable Or whether the Iust Cure of it be not full of perill And if he finde it to bee such let him resort to Palliation And alleuiate the Symptome without busying himselfe too much with the perfect Cure And many times if the Patient be indeed patient that Course will exceed all Expectation Likewise the Patient himselfe may striue by little and little to Ouercome the Symptome in the Exacerbation and so by time turne Suffering into Nature Diuers Diseases especially Chronicall such as Quartan Agues are somtimes cured by Surset and Excesses As Excesse of Meat Excesse of Drinke Extraordinary Fasting Extraordinary Stirring or Lassitude the like The Cause is for that Diseases of Cotinuance get an Aduētitious Strength frō Custome besides their Materiall Cause from the Humours So that the Breaking of the Custome doth leaue them only to their first Cause which if it be any thing weake will fall off Besides such Excesses doe Excite and Spur Nature which thereupon riseth more forcibly against the Disease There is in the Body of Man a great Consent in the Motion of the seuerall Parts We see it is Childrens sport to proue whether they can rub vpon their Brest with one hand and pat vpon their Fore-head with another And straight-waies they shall sometimes rubbe with both Hands or pat with both hands We see that when the Spirits that come to the Nosthrills expell a bad Sent the Stomach is ready to Expell by Vomit We finde that in Consumptions of the Lungs when Nature cannot expell by Cough Men fall into Fluxes of the Belly and then they dye So in Pestilent Diseases if they cannot be expelled by Sweat they fall likewise into Loosenesse and that is commonly Mortall Therfore Physitians should ingeniously contriue how by Motions that are in their Power they may excite Inward Motions that are not in their Power by Consent As by the Stench of Feathers or the like they cure the Rising of the Mother Hippocrates Aphorisme In Morbis minus is a good profound Aphorisme It importeth that Diseases contrary to the Complexion Age Sexe Season of the yeare Diet c. are more dangerous than those that are Concurrent A Man would thinke it should be otherwise For that when the Accident of Sicknesse and the Naturall Disposition doe second the one the other the Disease should be more forcible And so no doubt it is if you suppose like Quantity of Matter But that which maketh good the Aphorisine is Because such Diseases doe shew a greater Collection of Matter by that they are able to ouercome those Naturall Inclinations to the Contrary And therefore in Diseases of that kinde let the Physitian apply himselfe more to Purgation than to Alteration Because the Offence is in the Quantity and the Qualities are rectified of themselues Physitians do wisely prescribe that there be Preparatiues vsed before Iust Purgations For certaine it is that Purgers doe many times great Hurt if the Body be not accommodated both before and after the Purging The Hurt that they doe for want of Preparation before Purging is by the Sticking of the Humours and their not comming faire away Which causeth in the Body great Perturbations and ill Accidents during the Purging And also the diminishing and dulling of the Working of the Medicine it selfe that it purgeth not sufficiently Therefore the worke of Preparation is double To make the Humours fluide and mature And to make the Passages more open For both those helpe to
Parts Or of the Subtilty of the Motion is little inquired And yet these be the Things that Gouerne Nature Principally And without which you cannot make any true Analysis and Indication of the Proceedings of Nature The Spirits or Pneumaticals that are in all Tangible Bodies are searce knowne Sometimes they take them for Vacuum wheras they are the most Actiue of Bodies Sometimes they take them for Aire From which they differ exceedingly as much as Wine from Water And as Wood from Earth Sometimes they will haue them to be Naturall Heat or a Portion of the Element of Fire Wheras some of them are crude and cold And Sometimes they will haue them to be the Vertues and Qualities of the Tangible Parts which they see whereas they are Things by themselues And then when they come to Plants and liuing Creatures they call them Soules And such Superficiall Speculations they haue Like Prospectiues that shew things inward when they are but Paintings Neither is this a Question of Words but infinitely materiall in Nature For Spirits are nothing else but a Naturall Body rarified to a Proportion included in the Tangible Parts of Bodies as in an Integument And they be no lesse differing one from the other than the Dense or Tangible Parts And they are in all Tangible Bodies whatsoeuer more or lesse And they are neuer almost at rest And from them and their Motions principally proceed Arefaction Colliquation Concoction Maturation Putrefaction Viuification and most of the Effects of Nature For as we haue figured them in our Sapientiâ Veterum in the Fable of Proserpina you shall in the Infernall Regiment heare little Doings of Pluto but most of proserpina For Tangible Parts in Bodies are Stupide things And the Spirits doe in effect all As for the differences of Tangible Parts in Bodies the industry of the Chymists hath giuen some light in discerning by their Separations the Oily Crude Pure Impure Fine grosse Parts of Bodies and the like And the Physitians are content to acknowledge that Herbs and Drugs haue diuers parts As that Opiums hath a Stupefactiue Part and a Heating Part The one mouing Sleepe the other a Sweat following And that Rubarb hath Purging Parts and Astringent Parts c. But this whole Inquisition is weakly and Negligently handled And for the more subtill differences of the Minute Parts and the Posture of them in the Body which also hath great Effects they are not at all touched As for the Motions of the Minute Parts of Bodies which doe so great Effects they haue not beene obserued at all because they are Inuisible and incurre not to the Eye but yet they are to be deprehended by Experience As Democritus said well when they charged him to hold that the World was made of such little Moats as were seene in the Sunne Atomus saith he necessitate Rationis Experientia esse connincitur Atomum enim nemo vnquam vidit And therefore the Tumult in the parts of Solide Bodies when they are compressed which is the Cause of all Flight of Bodies thorow the Aire and of other Mechanicall Motions as hath beene partly touched before and shall be throughly handled in due place is not seene at all But neuerthelesse if you know it not or enquire it not attentiuely and diligently you shall neuer be able to discerne and much lesse to produce a Number of Mechanicall Motions Againe as to the Motions Corporall within the Enclosures of Bodies wherby effects which were mentioned before passe betweene the Spirits and the Tangible Parts which are Arefaction Colliquation Concoction Maturation c. they are not at all handled But they are put off by the Names of Vertues and Natures and Actions and Passions and such other Logicall Words It is certaine that all Powers in Nature Heat is the chiefe both in the Frame of Nature and in the workes of Art Certaine it is likewise that the Effects of Heat are most aduanced when it worketh vpon a Body without losse or dissipation of the Matter for that euer betrayeth the Account And therefore it is true that the power of Heat is best perceiued in Distillations which are performed in close Vessels and Receptacles But yet there is a higher Degree For howsoeuer Distillations doe keepe the Body in Cells and Cloisters without Going abroad yet they giue space vnto Bodies to turne into Vapour To returne into Liquour And to Separate one part from another So as Nature doth Expatiate although it hath not full Liberty wherby the true and Vltime Operations of Heat are not attained But if Bodies may be altered by Heat and yet no such Reciprocation of Rarefaction and of Condensation and of Separation admitted then it is like that this Proteus of Matter being held by the Sleeues will turne and change into many Metaworphoses Take therefore a Square Vessell of Iron in forme of a Cube and let it haue good thicke and strong Sides Put into it a Cube of Wood that may fill it as close as may be And let it haue a Couer of Iron as strong at least as the Sides And let it be well Luted after the manner of the Chymists Then place the Vessell within burning Coales kept quicke kindled for some few houres space Then take the Vessell from the Fire and take off the Couer and see what is become of the Wood. I conceiue that since all Inflammation and Euaporation are vtterly prohibited and the Body still turned vpon it Selfe that one of these two Effects will follow Either that the Body of the Wood will be turned into a kinde of Amalgama as the Chymists call it Or that the Finer Part will bee turned into Aire and the Grosser sticke as it were baked and incrustate vpon the Sides of the Vessell being become of a Denser Matter than the Wood it selfe Crude And for another Triall take also Water and put it in the like Vessell stopped as before But vse a gentler Heat and remoue the vessell sometimes from the Fire And againe after some small time when it is Cold renue the Heating of it And repeat this Aloeration some few times And if you can once bring to passe that the Water which is one of the Simplest of Bodies be changed in Colour Odour or Taste after the manner of Compound Bodies you may be sure that there is a great Worke wrought in Nature and a Notable Entrance made into strange Changes of Bodies and productions And also a Way made to doe that by Fire in small time which the Sunne and Age do in long time But of the Admirable Effects of this Distillation in Close for so we will call it which is like the Wombes and Matrices of liuing creatures where nothing Expireth nor Separateth We will speake fully in the due place Not that we Aime at the making of Paracelsus Pigmey's Or any such Prodigious Follies But that we know the Effects of Heat will be such as will scarce fall vnder the Conceit of Man
Eare And marke whether any Sound abroad in the open Aire will not be heard distinctly from further distance than without that Instrument being as it were an Eare-Spectacle And I haue heard there is in Spaine an Instrument in vse to be set to the Eare that helpeth somewhat those that are Thicke of Hearing If the Mouth be shut close neuerthelesse there is yeelded by the Roofe of the Mouth a Murmur Such as is vsed by dumbe Men But if the Nostrills be likewise stopped on such Murmur can be made Except it be in the Bottome of the Pallate towards the Throat Whereby it appeareth manifestly that a Sound in the Mouth except such as aforesaid if the Mouth be stopped passeth from the Pallate thorow the Nostrills The Repercussion of Sounds which we call Eccho is a great Argument of the Spirituall Essence of Sounds For if it were Corporeall the Repercussion should be created in the same maner and by like Instruments with the Originall Soundâ— But we see what a Number of Exquisite Instruments must concurre in Speaking of Words where of there is no such Matter in the Returning of them But onely a plaine Stop and Repercussion The Exquisite Differences of Articulate Sounds carried along in the Aire shew that they cannot be Signalures or Impressions in the Aire as hath beene well refuted by the Ancients For it is true that Seales make excellent Impressions And so it may be thought of Sounds in their first Generation But then the Delation and Continuance of them without any new Sealing shew apparently they cannot be Impressions All Sounds are suddenly made and doe suddenly perish But neither that nor the Exquisite Differences of them is Matter of so great Admiration For the â—â—â—â—eâ—â—â—gs and Warblings to Lutes and Pipes are as swift And the Tongue which is no very fine Instrument doth in Speech make no fewer Motions than there be Letters in all the Words which are vttered But that Sounds should not onely be so speedily generated but carried so farre euery way in such a momentany time deserueth more Admiration As for Example If a Man stand in the middle of a Field and speake aloud he shall be heard a Furlong in round And that shall be in Articulate Sounds And those shall be Entire in euery little Portion of the Aire And this shall be done in the Space of lesse than a Minute The Sudden Generation and Perishing of Sounds must be one of these two Waies Either that the Aire suffereth some Force by Sound and then restoreth it selfe As Water doth Which being diuided maketh manny Circles till it restore it selfe to the naturall Consistence Or otherwise that the Aire doth willingly imbibe the Sound as gratefull but cannot maintaine it For that the Aire hath as it should seeme a secret and hidden Appetite of Receiuing the Sound at the first But then other Grosse and more Materiate Qualities of the Aire straightwaies suffocate it Like vnto Flame which is generated with Alacrity but straight quenched by the Enmity of the Aire or other Ambient Bodies There be these Differences in generall by which Sounds are diuided 1. Musicall Immusicall 2. Treble Base 3. Flat Sharpe 4. Soft Loud 5. Exteriour Interiour 6. Cleane Harsb or Purling 7. Articulate Inarticulate We haue laboured as may appeare in this Inquisition of Sounds diligently Both because Sound is one of the most Hidden Portions of Nature as we said in the beginning And because it is a Vertue which may be called Incorporeall and Immateriate wherof there be in Nature but few Besides we were willing now in these our first Centuries to make a Patterne or President of an Exact Inquisition And we shall doe the like hereafter in some other Subiects which require it For we desire that Men should learne and perceiue how seuere a Thing the true Inquisition of Nature is And should accustome themselues by the light of Particulars to enlarge their Mindes to the Amplitude of the World And not reduce the World to the Narrownesse of their Mindes Metalls giue Orlens and Fine Colours in Dissolutions As Gold giueth an excellent Yellow Quick-Siluer an excellent Greene Tinne giueth an excellent Azure Likewise in their Putrefactions or Rusts As Vermilion Verdegrease Bise Cirrus c. And likewise in their vitrifications The Cause is for that by their Strength of Body they are able to endure the Fire or Strong Waters and to be put into an Equall Posture And againe to retaine Part of their principall Spirit Which two Things Equall Posture and Quicke Spirits are required chiefely to make Colours lightsome It conduceth vnto Long Life and to the more Placide Motion of the Spirits which thereby doe lesse prey and consume the Iuyce of the Body Either that Mens Actions bee free and voluntary That nothing bee done Inuitâ Mineruâ but Secundum Genium Or on the other side that the Actions of Men bee full of Regulation and Commands within themselues For then the Victory and Performing of the Command giueth a good Disposition to the Spirits Especially if there bee a Proceeding from Degree to Degree For then the Sense of Victory is the greater An example of the former of these is in a Countrey life And of the latter in Monkes and Philosophers and such as doe continually enioyne themselues It is certaine that in all Bodies there is an Appetite of Vnion and Euitation of Solution of Continuity And of this Appetite there bee many Degrees But the most Remarkable and fit to bee distinguished are three The first in Liquours The second in Hard Bodies And the third in Bodies Cleaning or Tenacious In Liquours this Appetite is weake We see in Liquours the Thredding of them in Stillicides as hath beene said The Falling of them in Round Drops which is the forme of Vnion And the Staying of them for a little time in Bubbles and Froth In the second Degree or Kinde this Appetite is strong As in Iron in Stone in Wood c. In the third this Appetite is in a Medium betweene the other two For such Bodies doe partly follow the Touch of another Body And partly sticke and continue to themselues And therefore they roape and draw themselues in Threds As wee see in Pitch Glew Birdlime c. But note that all Solide Bodies are Cleaning more or lesse And that they loue better the Touch of somewhat that is Tangible than of Aire For Water in small quantity cleaueth to any Thing that is Solide And so would Metall too if the weight drew it not off And therefore Gold Foliate or any Metall Foliate cleaueth But those Bodies which are noted to bee Clammy and Cleauing are such as haue a more indifferent Appetite at once to follow another Body And to hold to Themselues And therefore they are commonly Bodies ill mixed And which take more pleasure in a Forraine Body than in preseruing their owne Consistence And which haue little predominance in Drought or Moisture Time and Heat are
Fellowes in many Effects Heat drieth Bodies that doe easily expire As Parchment Leaues Roots Clay c. And so doth Time or Age arefie As in the same Bodies c. Heat dissolueth and melteth Bodies that keepe in their Spirits As in diuers Liquefactions And so doth Time in some Bodies of a softer Consistence As a manifest in Honey which by Age waxeth more liquid And the like in Sugar And so in old Oyle which is euer more cleare and more hot in Medicinable vse Heat causeth the Spirits to search some Issue out of the Body As in the Volatility of Metalls And so doth Time As in the Rust of Metalls But generally Heat doththat in small time which Age doth in long Some Things which passe the Fire are softest at first and by Time grow hard As the Crumme of Bread Some are harder when they come from the Fire and afterwards giue againe and grow soft as the Crust of Bread Bisket Sweet Meats Salt c. The Cause is for that in those things which waxe Hard with Time the Worke of the Fire is a Kinde of Melting And in those that waxe Soft with Time contrariwise the woke of the Fire is a Kinde of Baking And whatsoeuer the Fire baketh Time doth in some degree dissolue Motions passe from one Man to another not so much by Exciting Imagination as by Inuitation Especially if there be an Aptnesse or Inclination before Therefore Gaping or Yawning and Stretching doe passe from Man to Man For that that causeth Gaping and Stretching is when the Spirits are a little Heauy by any Vapour or the like For then they striue as it were to wring out and expell that which loadeth them So Men drowzy and desirous to sleepe Or before the Fit of an Ague doe vse to Yawne and Stretch And doe likewise yeeld a Voice or Sound which is an Interiection of Expulsion So that if another be apt and prepared to doe the like he followeth by the Sight of another So the Laughing of another maketh to Laugh There be some knowne Diseases that are Infectious And Others that are not Those that are Infectious are First such as are chiefly in the Spirits and not so much in the Humours And therefore passe easily from Body to Body Such are Pestilences Lippitudes and such like Secondly such as Taint the Breath Which wee see passeth manifestly from Man to Man And not inuisibly as the Affects of the Spirits doe Such are Consumptions of the Lungs c. Thirdly such as come forth to the Skinne And therefore taint the Aire or the Body Adiacent Especially if they consist in an Vnctuous Substance no apt to dissipate Such are Scabs and Lepronsie Fourthly such as are meerely in the Humours and not in the Spirits Breath or Exhalations And therefore they neuer infect but by Touch onely and such a Touch also as commeth within the Epidermis As the Venome of the French Poxe And the Biting of a Mad Dog Most Powders grow more Close and Coherent by Mixture of Water than by Mixture of Oyle though Oyle be the thicker Body As Meale c. The Reason is the Congruity of Bodies which if it be more maketh a Perfecter Imbibition and Incorporation Which in most Powders is more betweene Them and Water than betweene Them and Oyle But Printers Colours ground and Ashes doe better incorporate with Oyle Much Motion and Exercise is good for some Bodies And Sitting and lesse Motion for Others If the Body be Hot and Void of Superflous Moistures too much Motion hurteth And it is an Errour in Physitians to call too much vpon Exercise Likewise Men ought to beware that they vse not Exercise and a Spare Diet both But if much Exercise then a Plentifull Diet And if Spâ—ring Diet then little Exercise The Benefits that come of Exercise are First that it sendeth Nourishment into the Parts more forcibly Secondly that it helpeth to Exceme by Sweat and so maketh the Parts assimilate the more perfectly Thirdly that it maketh the Substance of the Body more Solide and Compact And so lesse apt to be Consumed and Depredated by the Spirits The Euills that come of Exercise are First that it maketh the Spirits more Hot and Predatory Secondly that it doth absorbe likewise and attenuate too much the Moisture of the Body Thirdly that it maketh too great â—â—â—â—â—sion especially if it be violent of the Inward Parts which delight more in Rest. But generally Exercise if it be much is no Friend to Prolongation of Life Which is one Cause why Women liue longer than Men because they stirre lesse Some Food we may vse long and much without Glatting As Bread Flesh that is not fat or rancke c. Some other though pleasant Glutteth sooner As Sweet Meats Fat Meats c. The Cause is for that Appetite consisteth in the Emptinesse of Mouth of the Stomacke Or possessing it with somewhat that is Astringent and therfore Cold and Dry. But things that are Sweet and Fat are more Filling And do swimme and hang more about the Mouth of the Stomacke And goe not downe so speedily And againe turne sooner to Choler which is hot and euer abateth the Appetite Wee see also that another Cause of Society is an Ouer-custome and of Appetite is Nouelty And therefore Meats if the same be continually taken induce Loathing To giue the Reason of the Distast of Society and of the Pleasure in Nouelty and to distinguish not onely in Meats and Drinkes but also in Motions Loues Company Delights Studies what they be that Custome maketh more gratefull And what more tedious were a large Field But for Meats the Cause is Attraction which is quicker and more excited towards that which is new than towards that whereof there remaineth a Rellish by former vse And generally it is a Rule that whatsoeuer is somewhat Ingrate at first is made Gratefull by Custome But whatsoeuer is too Pleasing at first groweth quickly to satiate NATVRALL HISTORIE IV. Century ACCELERATION of Time in Works of Nature may well be esteemed Inter Magnalia Naturae And euen in Diuine Miracles Accelerating of the Time is next to the Creating of the Matter We will now therfore proceed to the Enquiry of it And for Acceleration of Germination we will referre it ouer vnto to the place where we shall handle the Subiect of Plants generally And will now begin with other Accelerations Liquours are many of them at the first thicke and troubled As Must Wort Iuyces of Fruits or Hearbs expressed c. And by Time they settle and Clarifie But to make them cleare before the Time is a great Worke For it is a Spurre to Nature and putteth her out of her pace And besides it is of good vse for making Drinkes and Sances Potable and Seruiceable speedily But to know the â—â—â—â—â—â— of Accelerating Clarification we must first know the Causes of Clarification The first Cause is by the Separation of the Gresser Parts of the
Liquourâ— from the Finer The second by the Equall Distribution of the Spirits of the Liquour with the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Parts For that â—â—â—â—â— representeth Bodies Cleare and Vntroubled The third by the Resining the Spirit it selfe which therby giueth to the Liquour more Splendour and more Lustre First for Separation It is wrought by Weight As in the ordinary Residence or Settlement of Liquours By Heat By Motion By Precipitation or Sublimation That is a Calling of the seuerall Parts either vp or downe which is a kinde of Attraction By Adhesion As when a Body more Viscous is mingled and agitated with the Liquour which Viscous Body afterwards seuered draweth with it the grosser Parts of the Liquour And Lastly By Percolation or Passage Secondly for the Euen Distribution of the Spirits It is wrought By Gentle Heat And By Agitation or Motion For of Time we speake not because it is that we would anticipate represent And it is wrought also By Mixture of some other Body which hath a vertue to open the Liquour and to make the Spirits the better passe thorow Thirdly for the Refining of the Spirit it is wrought likewise By Heat By Motion And by Mixture of some Body which hath Vertue to attenuate So therefore hauing shewen the Causes for the Accelerating of Clarification in generall and the Enducing of it take these Instances and Trialls It is in common Practise to draw Wine or Beere from the Lees which we call Racking wherby it will Clarifie much the sooner For the Lees though they keepe the Drinke in Heart and make it lasting yet withall they cast vp some Spissitude And this Instance is to be referred to Separation On the other side it were good to try what the Adding to the Liquour more Lees than his owne will worke For thought the Lees doe make the Liquour turbide yet they refine the Spirits Take therfore a Vessell of New Beere And take another Vessell of New Beere and Rack the one Vessell from the Lees and powre the Lees of the Racked Vessell into the vnracked Vessell and see the Effect This Instance is referred to the Refining of the Spirits Take New Beere and put in some Quantitie of Stale Beere into it and see whether it will not accelerate the Clarification by Opening the Body of the Beere and Cutting the Grosser Parts wherby they may fall downe into Lees. And this Instance againe is referred to Separation The longer Malt or Herbs or the like are Infused in Liquour the more thicke and troubled the Liquour is But the longer they be decocted in the Liquour the clearer it is The Reason is plaine because in infusion the longer it is the greater is the Part of the Grosse Body that goeth into the Liquour But in Decoction though more goeth forth yet it either purgeth at the Top or fettleth at the Bottome And therfore the most Exact Way to Clarifie is First to Infuse and then to take off the Liquour and Decoct it as they doe in Beere which hath Malt first Infused in the Liquour and is afterwards boiled with the Hop This also is referred to Separation Take Hot Embers and put them about a Bottle filled with New Beere almost to the very Neck Let the Bottle be well stopped lest it flie out And continue it renewing the Embers euery day by the space of Ten Dayes and then compare it with another Bottle of the same Beere set-by Take also Lime both Quenched and Vnquenched and set the Bottles in them vt Supra This Instance is referred both to the Euen Distribution and also to the Refining of the Spirits by Heat Take Bottles and Swing them Or Carry them in a Wheels-Barrow vpon Rough Ground twice in a day But then you may not fill the Bottles full but leaue some Aire For if the Liquour come close to the Stopple it cannot play nor flower And when you haue shaken them well either way poure the Drinke into another Bottle stopped close after the vsuall manner For if it stay with much Aire in it the Drinke will pall neither will it settle so perfectly in all the Parts Let it stand sorce 24. houres Then take it and put it againe into a Bottle with Aire vt supra And thence into a Bottle Stopped vt supra And so repeat the same Operation for seuen dayes Note that in the Emptying of one Bottle into another you must doe it swiftly lest the Drinke pall It were good also to trie it in a Bottle with a little Aire below the Neck without Emptying This Instance is referred to the Euen Distribution and Refining of the Spirits by Motion As for Percolation Inward and Outward which belongeth to Separation Triall would be made of Clarifying by Adhesion with Milks put into New Beere and stirred with it For it may be that the Grossar Part of the Beere will cleave to the Milke The Doubt is whether the Milke will feuer â— ell againe Which is soone tried And it is vsuall in Clarifying Ippoerasse to put in Milke Which after seuereth and carrieth with it the Grosser Parts of the Ippoerasse as hath beene said elsewhere Also for the better Clarification by Persolation when they run New Beere they vse to let it passe through a Strainer And it is like the finer the Strainer is the clearer it will be The Accelerating of Maturation Wee will now enquire of And of Maturation it selfe It is of three Natures The Maturation of Fruits The Maturation of Drinkes And the Maturation of Impostumes and Vlcers This last we referre to another Place where wee shall handle Experiments Medicinall There be also other Maturations as of Metalls c. whereof we will speake as Occasion serueth But we will begin with that of Drinkes because it hath such a Affinitie with the Clarification of Liquours For the Maturation of Drinkes it is wrought by the congregation of the Spirits together whereby they digest more perfectly the Grosser Parts And it is effected partly by the same meanes that Clarification is wherof wee spake before But then more that an Extreme Clarification doth spread the Spirits so Smooth as they become Dull and the Drinke dead which ought to haue a little Flouring And therefore all your Cleare Amber Drinke is flat We see the Degrees of Maturation of Drinkes In Must In Wine as it is drunke And in Vinegar Whereof Must hath not the Spirits well Congregated Wine hath them well vnited so as they make the Parts somewhat more Oylie Vinegar hath them Congregated but more Ieiune and in smaller Quantitie The greatest and finest Spirit and Part being exhaled For we see Vinegar is made by setting the Vessell of Wine against the hot Sun And therefore Vinegar will not burne For that much of the Finer Parts is Exhaled The Refreshing and Quickning of Drinke Palled or Dead is by Enforcing the Motion of the Spirit So wee see that Open Weather relaxeth the Spirit and maketh it more liuely in Motion Wee see also Bottelling
be Cut or Pierced And so will Wood c. And so the Flesh of Creatures aliue where they haue receiued any Wound The Fifth is either by the Exhaling or by the Driuing back of the Principall Spirits which preserue the Consistence of the Body So that when their Gouernment is Dissolued euery Part returneth to his Nature or Homogeny And this appeareth in Vrine and Blond when they coole and thereby breake It appeareth also in the Gangrene or Mortification of Flesh either by Opiates or by Intense Colds I conceiue also the same Effect is in Pestilences for that the Malignity of the Infecting Vapour daunceth the Principall Spirits and maketh them fly and leaue their Regiment And then the Humours Flesh and Secondary Spirits doe dissolue and breake as in an Anarchy The Sixth is when a Forraine Spirit Stronger and more Eager than the Spirit of the Body entreth the Body As in the Stinging of Serpents And this is the Cause generally that vpon all Poysons followeth Swelling And we see Swelling followeth also when the Spirits of the Body it selfe Congregate too much As vpon Blowes and Bruises Or when they are Pent in too much as in Swelling vpon Cold. And we see also that the Spirits comming of Putrefaction of Humours in Agues c. Which may be counted as Forraine Spirits though they be bred within the Body doe Extinguish and Suffocate the Naturall Spirits and Heat The Seuenth is by such a Weake Degree of Heat as setteth the Spirits in a little Motion but is not able either to disgest the Parts or to Issue the Spirits As is seene in Flesh kept in a Roome that is not Coole Whereas in a Coole and Wet Larder it will keepe longer And wee see that Viuisication whereof Putrefaction is the Bastard Brother is effected by such Soft Heats As the Hatching of Egges The Heat of the Wombe c. The Eight is by the Releasing of the Spirits which before were close kept by the Solidnesse of their Couerture and thereby their Appetite of Issuing checked As in the Artificiall Rusts induced by strong Waters in Iron Lead c. And therefore Wetting hasteneth Rust or Putrefaction of any thing because it softeneth the Crust for the Spirits to come forth The Ninth is by the Enterchange of Heat and Cold or Wet and dry As wee see in the Moulding of Earth in Frosts and Sunne And in the more hasty Rotting of Wood that is sometimes wet sometimes dry The Tenth is by Time and the Worke Procedure of the Spirits themselues which cannot keepe their Station Especially if they be lost to themselues And there be not Agitation or Locall Motion As wee see in Corne not stirred And Mens Bodies not exercised All Moulds are Inceptions of Putrefaction As the Moulds of Pyes and Flesh the Moulds of Orenges and Limons which Moulds afterwards turne into Wormes or more odious Putrefactions And therfore commonly proue to be ill Odour And if the Body be Liquid and not apt to Putrifie totally it will cast vp a Mother in the Top As the Mothers of Distilled Waters Mosse is a kinde of Mould of the Earth and Trees But it may be better sorted as a Rudiment of Germination To which we referre it It is an Enquiry of Excellent vse to Enquire of the Meanes of Preuenting or Staying Putrefaction For therein consisteth the Meanes of Conseruation of Bodies For Bodies haue two Kindes of Dissolutions The one by Consumption and Deficcation The other by Putrefaction But as for the Putrefactions of the Bodies of Men and Liuing Creatures as in Agues Wormes Consumptions of the Lungs Impostumes and Vlcers both Inwards and Outwards they are a great Part of Physicke and Surgery And therefore we will reserue the Enquiry of them to the proper Place where we shall handle Medicinal Experiments of all Sorts Of the rest we will now Enter into an Enquiry wherein much light may be taken form that which hath beene said of the Meanes to Enduce or Accelerate Putrefaction For the Remouing that which caused Putrefaction doth Preuent and Auoid Putrefaction The First Meanes of Prohibiting or Checking Putrefaction is Cold For so wee see Meat and Drinke will last longer Vnputrified or Vnsowred in Winter than in Summer And we see that Flowers and fruits put in Conseruatories of Snow keepe fresh And this worketh by the Detention of the Spirits and Constipation of the Tangible Parts The Second is Astriction For Astriction prohibiteth Dissolution As we see generally in Medicines whereof such as are Astringents doe inhibite Putrefaction And by the same reason of Astringency some small Quantity of Oile of Vitrioll will keepe Fresh Water long from Putrefying And this Astriction is in a substance that hath a Virtuall Cold And it worketh partly by the fame Meanes that Cold doth The Third is the Excluding of the Aire And againe the Exposing to the Aire For these Contraries as it commeth often to passe worke the same Effect according to the Nature of the Subiect Matter So we see that Beere or Wine in Bottles close stopped last long That the Garners vnder Ground keepe Come longer than those aboue Ground and that Fruit closed in Waxe keepeth fresh And likewise Bodies put in Honey and Flower keepe more fresh And Liquours Drinkes and Iuices with a little Oyle cast on the Top keepe fresh Contratiwise we see that Cloth and Apparell not Aired doe breed Moathes and Mould And the Diuersity is that in Bodies that need Detenties of Spirits the Excluston of the Aire doth good As in Drinkes and Câ—â—â—â— But in Bodies that need Emission of Spirits to discharge some of the Superfluous Moisture it doth hurt for they require Atring The fourth is Motion and Stirring For Putrefaction asketh Rest For the Subtill Motion which Putrefaction requireth is disturbed by any Agitation And all Locall Motion keepeth Bodies Integrall and their Parts together As we see that Turning ouer of Corne in a Garner Or Letting it runne like an Houre-glasse from an vpper Roome into a Lower doth keepe it Sweet And Running Waters putrefie not And in Mens Bodles Exercise hindreth Putrefaction And contrariwise Rest and Want of Motion or Stoppings whereby the Runne of Humours or the Motion of Perspiration is stayed further Putrefaction As we part partly touched a little before The Fifth is the Breathing forth of the Aduentitious Moisture in Bodies For as Wetting doth hasten Putrefaction So Connenient Drying wherby the more Radicall Moisture is onely kept in putteth backe Putrefaction So we see that Herbs and Flowers if they be dried in the Shade Or dried in the hot Sunne for a small time keepe best For the Emission of the Loose and Aduentitious Moisture doth betray the Radicall Moisture And carryeth it out for Company The Sixth is the Strengthning of the Spirits of Bodies For as a Great Heat keepeth Bodies from Putrefaction But a Tepide Heat enclineth them to Putrefaction So a Strong Spirit likewise preserueth and a Weake or Faint Spirit disposeth to
a Chameleon be burnt vpon the Top of a House it will raise a Tempest Supposing according to their vaine Dreames of Sympathies because he nourisheth with Aire his Body should haue great vertue to make Impression vpon the Aire It is reported by one of the Ancients that in Part of Media there are Eruptions of Flames out of Plaines And that those Flames are cleare and cast not forth such Smoake and Ashes and Pummice as Mountaine Flames doe The Reason no doubt is because the Flame is not pent as it is in Mountaines and Earth-quakes which cast Flame There be also some Blinde Fires vnder Stone which flame not out but Oile being powred vpon them they flame out The Cause whereof is for that it seemeth the Fire is so choaked as not able to remoue the Stone it is Heat rather than Flame Which neuerthelesse is sufficient to Enflame the Oyle It is reported that in some Lakes the Water is so Nitrous as if Foule Cloaths be put into it it scoureth them of it selfe And if they stay any whit long they moulder away And the Scouring Vertue of Nitre is the more to be noted because it is a Body Cold And we see Warme Water scoureth better than Cold. But the Cause is for that it hath a Subtill Spirit which seuereth and diuideth any thing that is soule and Viscous and sticketh vpon a Body Take a Bladder the greatest you can get Fill it full of Winde and tye it about the Necke with a Silke thred waxed And vpon that put likewise Wax very close So that when the Neck of the Bladder dryeth no Aire may possibly get in nor out Then bury it three or foure foot vnder the Earth in a Vault or in a Conferuatory of Snow the Snow being made hollow about the Bladder And after some Forthnights distance see whether the Bladder be shruncke For if it be then it is plaine that the Coldnesse of the Earth or Snow hath Condensed the Aire and brought it a Degree nearer to Water Which is an Experiment of great Consequence It is a Report of some good credit that in Deepe Caues there are Pensile Crystall and Degrees of Crystall that drop from aboue And in some other though more rarely that rise from below Which though it be chiefly the Worke of Cold yet it may be that Water that passeth thorow the Earth gathereth a Nature more clammy and fitter to Congeale and become Solide than Water of it selfe Therfore Triall would be made to lay a Heape of Earth in great Frosts vpon a Hollow Vessell putting a Canuase betweene that it falleth not in And poure Water vpon it in such Quantitie as will be sure to soake thorow And see whether it will not make an harder Ice in the bottome of the Vessell and lesse apt to dissolue than ordinarily I suppose also that if you make the Earth narrower at the bottome than at the Top in fashion of a Sugar Loafe Reuersed it will helpe the Experiment For it will make the Ice where it Issueth lesse in Bulke And euermore Smalnesse of Quantity is a Helpe to Version Take Damaske Roses and pull them Then dry them vpon the Top of an House vpon a Lead or Tarras in the hot Sunne in a cleare day betweene the Houres onely of twelue and two or there abouts Then put them into a Sweet Dry Earthen Bottle or a Glasse with narrow Mouthes stuffing them close together but without Bruising Stop the Bottle or Glasse close and these Roses will retaine not onely their Smell Perfect but their Colour fresh for a yeare at least Note that Nothing doth so much destroy any Plant or other Body either by Putrefaction or Arefaction as the Aduentitious Moisture which hangeth loose in the Body if it be not drawne out For it betrayeth and tolleth forth the Innate and Radicall Moisture along with it when it selfe goeth forth And therefore in Liuing Creatures Moderate Sweat doth preserue the Iuyce of the Body Note that these Roses when you take them from the Drying haue little or no Smell So that the Smell is a Second Smell that issueth out of the Flower afterwards The Continuance of Flame according vnto the diuersity of the Body Enflamed and other Circumstances is worthy the Enquiry Chiefly for that though Flame be almost of a Momentany Lasting yet it receiueth the More and the Lesse we will first therefore speake at large of Bodies Enflamed wholly and Immediately without any Wieke to helpe the Inflammations A Spoonefull of Spirit of Wine a little heated was taken and it burnt as long as came to 116. Pulses The same Quantity of Spirit of Wine Mixed with the Sixth Part of a Spoonefull of Nitre burnt but to the space of 94. Pulses Mixed with the like Quantity of Bay-salt 83. Pulses Mixed with the like Quantity of Gunpowder which dissolued into a Blacke water 110. Pulses A Cube or Pellet of Yellow Waxe was taken as much as halfe the Spirit of Wine and set in the Middest and it burnt onely to the space of 87. Pulses Mixed with the Sixth Part of a spoonefull of Milke it burnt to the space of 100. Pulses And the Milke was crudled Mixed with the Sixth Part of a spoonefull of Water it burnt to the space of 86. Pulses With an Equall Quantity of Water onely to the space of 4. Pulses A small Pebble was laid in the Middest and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the space of 94. Pulses A Peece of Wood of the Bignesse of an Arrow and about a Fingers length was set vp in the Middest and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the space of 94. Pulses So that the Spirit of Wine Simple endured the longest And the Spirit of Wine with the Bay-salt and the Equall Quantity of Water were the shortest Consider well whether the more speedy Going forth of the flame becaused by the Greater Vigour of the Flame in Burning Or by the Resistance of the Body mixed and the Auersion thereof to take Flame Which will appeare by the Quantitie of the Spirit of Wine that remaineth after the Going out of the Flame And it seemeth cleerely to be the latter For that the Mixture of Things least apt to burne is the Speediest in going out And note by the way that Spirit of Wine burned till it goe out of it selfe will burne no more And tasteth nothing so hot in the Mouth as it did No nor yet sowre as if it were a degree towards Vinegar which Burnt Wine doth but flat and dead Note that in the Experiment of Wax aforesaid the Wax dissolued in the burning and yet did not incorporate it selfe with the Spirit of Wine to produce one Flame but wheresoeuer the Wax floated the Flame forsooke it till at last it spread all ouer and put the Flame quite out The Experiments of the Mixtures of the Spirit of Wine enflamed are Things of discouerie and not of Vse But now wee will speake of the Continuance of Flames
Sixth Helpe of Ground is by Watering and Irrigation which is in two Munners The one by Letting in and Shutti gout Waters at seasonable Tunes For Water at some Seasons and with reasonable dry deth good But at some other Seasons and with too long Stay doth â—â—â— And this serueth onely for Meadowes which are along some Rtuer The other way is to bring Water from some Hanging Grounds where there are Springs into the Lower Grounds carrying it in some â—â—â— Furrowes And from those Furrowes drawing it trauerse to spread the Water And this maketh an excellent Improuement both for Corne and Grasse It is the richer if those Hanging Grounds be fruitfull because it washeth off some of the Fatnesse of the Earth But howsoeuer it profiteth much Generally where there are great Ouerflowes in Fens or the like the drowning of them in the Winter maketh the Summer following more fruitfull The Cause may be for that it keepeth the Ground warme and nourisheth it But the Fen-Men hold that the Sewers must be kept so as the Water may not stay too long in the Spring til the Weeds and Sedge be growne vp For then the Ground will be like a Wood which keepeth out the Sunne And so continueth the Wet Whereby it will peuer graze to purpose that yeare Thus much for Irrigation But for Anoydances and Draynings of water where there is too much and the Helps of Ground in that kinde wee shall speake of them in another Place NATVRALL HISTORIE VII Century THe Differences betweene Animate and Inanimate Bodies we shall handle fully vnder the Title of Life and Liuing Spirits and Powers We shall therefore make but a briefe Mention of them in this Place The Maine Differences are two All Bodies haue Spirits and Pneumaticall Parts within them But the Maine Differences betweene Animate and Inanimate are two The first is that the Spirits of Things Animate are all Continued with themselues and are Branched in Veines and secret Canales as Bloud is And in Liuing Creatures the Spirits haue not only Branches but certaine Cells or Seats where the Principall Spirits doe reside and whereunto the rest doe resort But the Spirits in Things Inanimate are shut in and cut off by the Tangible Parts And are not peruious one to another As Aire is in Snow The Second Maine Difference is that the Spirits of Animate Bodies are all in some degree more or lesse kindled and inflamed And haue a fine Commixture of Flame and an Aeriall Substance But Inanimate Bodies haue their Spirits no whit Inflamed or Kindled And this Difference consisteth not in the Heat or Coolenesse of Spirits For Cloues and other Spices Naphtha and Petroleum haue exceeding Hot Spirits hotter a great deale than Oyle Wax or Tallow c. but not Inflamed And when any of those Weake and Temperate Bodies come to be Inflamed then they gather a much greater Heat than others haue Vn-inflamed besides their Light and Motion c. The Differences which are Secondary and proceed from these two Radicall Differences are First Plants are all Figurate and Determinate which Inanimate Bodies are not For looke how farre the Spirit is able to Spread and Continue it selfe So farre goeth the Shape or Figure And then is determined Secondly Plants doe nourish Inanimate Bodies doe not They haue an Accretion but no Alimentation Thirdly Plants haue a Period of Life which Inanimate Bodies haue not Fourthly they haue a Succession and Propagation of their Kinde which is not in Bodies Inanimate The Differences betweene Plants and Metalls or Fossiles besides those foure before mentioned For Metalls I hold Inanimate are these First Metalls are more Durable than Plants Secondly they are more Solid and Hard Thirdly they are wholly Subterrany Whereas Plants are part aboue Earth and part vnder Earth There be very few Creatures that participate of the Nature of Plants and Metalls both Corall is one of the Nearest of both Kindes Another is Vitrioll for that is aptest to sprout with Moisture Another speciall Affinitie is betweene Plants and Mould or Putrefaction For all Putrefaction if it dissolue not in Arefaction will in the end issue into Plants or Liuing Creatures bred of Putrefaction I account Mosse and Mushromes and Agaricke and other of those kindes to be but Moulds of the Ground Walls and Trees and the like As for Flesh and Fish and Plants themselues and a Number of other things after a Mouldinesse or Rottensesse or Corrupting they will fall to breed Wormes These Putrefactions which haue Affinitie with Plants haue this Difference from them That they haue no Succession or Propagation though they Nourish and haue a Period of Life and haue likewise some Figure I left once by chance a Citron cut in a close Roome for three Summer-Moneths that I was absent And at my Returne there were grown forth out of the Pith cut Tufts of Haires an Inch long with little blacke Heads as if they would haue beene some Herbe The Affinities and Differences betweene Plants and Liuing Creatures are these that follow They haue both of them Spirits Continued and Branched and also Inflamed But first in Liuing Creatures the Spirits haue a Cell or Seat which Plants haue not As was also formerly said And secondly the Spirits of Liuing Creatures hold more of Flame than the Spirits of Plants doe And these two are the Radicall Differences For the Secondary Differences they are as follow First Plants are all Fixed to the Earth Whereas all Liuing Creatures are seuered and of themselues Secondly Liuing Creatures haue Locall Motion Plants haue not Thirdly Liuing Creatures nourish from their Vpper Parts by the Mouth chiefly Plants nourish from below namely from the Roots Fourthly Plants haue their Seed and Seminall Parts vppermost Liuing Creatures haue them lower-most And therefore it was said not elegantly alone but Philosophically Homoest Planta inuerse Man is like a Plant turned vpwards For the Root in Plants is as the Head in Liuing Creatures Fifthly Liuing Creatures haue a more exact Figure than Plants Sixthly Liuing Creatures haue more Diuersity of Organs within their Bodies and as it were Inward Figures than Plants haue Seuenthly Liuing Creatures haue Sense which Plants haue not Eighthly Liuing Creatures haue Voluntary Motion which Plants haue not For the Difference of Sexes in Plants they are oftentimes by name distinguished As Male-Piony Female-Piony Male-Rose-mary FemaleRose mary Hee-Holly Shee-Holly c. but Generation by Copulation certainly extendeth not to Plants The nearest Approach of it is between the Hee-Palme and the Shee-Palme which as they report if they grow neare incline the One to the other In so much as that which is more strange they doubt not to report that to keepe the Trees vpright from Bending they tye Ropes or Lines from the one to the other that the Contact might be enjoyed by the Contact of a Middle Body But this may be Faigned or at least Amplified Neuerthelesse I am apt enough to thinke that this same Binarium of a Stronger
Part only on the Outside Wheras all other Fruits haue it in the Nut or Kernell The Firre hath in effect no Stone Nut nor Kernest Except you will count the little Graines Kernells The Pom granate and Pine Apple haue onely amongst Fruits Graines distinct in seuerall Cells No Herbs haue Curled Leaues but Cabbage and Cabbage-Lettuce None haue double Leaues one belonging to the Stalke another to the Fruit or Seed but the Artichoke No Flower hath that kinde of Spread that the Woodbine hath This may be a large Field of Contemplation For it sheweth that in the Frame of Nature there is in the Producing of some Species a Composition of Matter which happeneth oft and may be much diuersified In others such as happeneth rarely and admitteth little Variety For so it is likewise in Beasts Dogs haue a Resemblance with Wolnes and Foxes Horses with Asses Kine with Bustes Hares with Coneyes c. And so in Birds Kites and Kastrells haue a Resemblance with Hawkes Common-Doues with Ring-Deaâ—s and Tortles Black-Birds with Thrushes and Manisses Crowes with Bauens Dawes and Choughas c. But Elephants and Swine amongst Beasts And the Bird of Paradise and the Peacocke amongst Birds And some few others haue seaâ—â—â— any other Species that haue Affinity with them We leaue the Description of Plants and their Vertues to Herballs and other like Bookes of Naturall History Wherein Mens Diligence hath bâ—â—â—â— great euen to Curiosity For our Experiments are onely such as doe euer ascend a Degree to the Deriuing of Causes and Extracting of Axiomes which wee are not ignorant but that some both of the Ancient and Modeme Writers haue also labôured But their Causes and Axiomes are so full of Imagination and so infected with the old Receiued Theories as they are meere Inquinations of Experience and Concoct it not It hath beene obserued by some of the Ancients that Skins especially of â—â—ams newly pulled off and applied to the Wounds of Stripts doe keepe them from Swelling and Exulcerating And likewise Heade them and Close them vp And that the Whites of Eggs do the same The Cause is a Temperate Conglutination For both Bodies are Glommy and Viscous and doe bridle the Desâ—uxe of Humours to the Huâ—â—â— without Penning them in too much You may turne almost all Flesh into a â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— if you take Flesh and cut it into Peeces and put the Peeces into a Glasse couered with Parchment And so let the Glasse stand six or seuen Houres â—â—â— Boyling Water It may be an Experiment of Profit for Making of Fat or Grease for many vses But then it must be of such Flesh as is not Edible As Horses Dogs Beares Foxes Bodgers c. It is reported by one of the Ancients that New Wine put into Vessells well stopped and the Vessells let downe into the Sea will accelerate very much the Making of them Ripe and Potable The same would be tried in Wort. Beasts are more Hairy than Men And Sauage Man more than Ciuill And the Plumage of Birds exceedeth the Pilosity of Beasts The Cause of the Smoothnesse in Men is not any Abundance of Heat and Moisture though that indeed causeth Pilosity But there is requisite to Pilosity not so much Heat and Moisture as Excrementitious Heat and Moisture For whatsoeuer assimilateth goeth not into the Haire And Excrementitious Moisture aboundeth most in Beasts and Men that are more Sauage Much the same Reason is there of the Plumage of Birds For Birds assimilate lesse and excerne more than Beasts For their Excrements are euer liquid and their Flesh generally more dry Besides they haue not Instruments for Vrine And so all the Excrementitious Moisture goeth into the Feathers And therefore it is no Maruell though Birds bee commonly better Meat than Beasts because their Flesh doth assimilate more finely and secerneth more subtilly Againe the Head of Man hath Haire vpon the first Birth which no other Part of the Body hath The Cause may be Want of Perspiration For Much of the Matter of Haire in the other Parts of the Body goeth forth by Insensible Perspiration And besides the Skull being of a more solide Substance nourisheth and assimilateth lesse and excerneth more And so likewise doth the Chinne We see also that Haire commeth not vpon the Palmes of the Hands nor Soales of the Feet Which are Parts more Perspirable And Children likewise are not Hairy for that their Skins are more Perspirable Birds are of Swifter Motion than Beasts For the Flight of many Birds is Swifter than the Race of any Beasts The Cause is for that the Spirits in Birds are in greater Proportion in comparison of the Bulke of their Body than in Beasts For as for the Reason that some giue that they are partly Carried whereas Beasts goe that is Nothing For by that Reason Swimming should be swifter than Running And that Kinde of Carriage also is not without Labour of the Wing The Sea is Clearer when the North wind bloweth than when the South-wind The Cause is for that Salt-Water hath a little Oylinesse in the Surface thereof As appeareth in very Hot Daies And againe for that the Southerne Wind relaxeth the Water somewhat As no Water Boyling is so Cleare as Cold Water Fire burneth Wood making it first Luminous Then Blacke and Brittle And lastly Broken and Incinerate Sealding Water doth none of these The Cause is for that by Fire the Spirit of the Body is first Refined and then Emitted Whereof the Refining be Attenuation causeth the Light And the Emission first the Fragilitie and after the Dissolution into Ashes Neither doth any other Body enter But in Water the Spirit of the Body is not Refined so much And besides Part of the Water entreth Which doth increase the Spirit and in a degree extinguish it Therefore wee see that Hot Water will quench Fire And againe wee see that in Bodies wherein the Water doth not much enter but only the Heat passeth Hot Water worketh the Effects of Fire As in Egges Boyled and Roasted into which the Water entreth not at all there is scarce difference to be discerned But in Fruit and Flesh whereinto the Water entreth in some part there is much more difference The Bottome of a Vessell of Boyling Water as hath beene obserued is not very much Heated So as Men may put their Hand vnder the Vessell and remoue it The Cause is for that the Moisture of Water as it quencheth Coales where it entreth So it doth allay Heat where it toucheth And therefore note well that Moisture although it doth not passe thorow Bodies without Communication of some Substance As Heat and Cold doe yet it worketh manifest Effects not by Entrance of the Body but by Qualifying of the Heat and Cold As wee see in this Instance And wee see likewise that the Water of Things distilled in Water which they call the Bath differeth not much from the Water of Things Distilled by Fire Wee see also that Pewter-Dishes
the Salt-Water doe neuerthelesse delight more in Fresh Wee see that Salmons and Smelts loue to get into Riuers though it be against the Streame At the Hauen of Constantinople you shall haue great Quantities of Fish that come from the Euxine-Sea that when they come into the Fresh Water doe inebriate and turne vp their Bellies So as you may take them with your Hand I doubt there hath not beene sufficient Experiment made of Putting Sea-Fish into Fresh Water Ponds and Pooles It is a Thing of great Vse and Pleasure For so you may haue them new at some good distance from the Sea And besides it may be the Fish will eat the pleasanter and may fall to breed And it is said that Colchester Oysters which are put into Pits where the Sea goeth and commeth but yet so that there is a Fresh Water Comming also to them when the Sea voideth become by that meanes Fatter and more Growne The Turkish-Bow giueth a very Forcible Shoot Insomuch as it hath beene knowne that the Arrow hath pierced a Stecle Target or a Peece of Brasse of two Inches thicke But that which is more strange the Arrow if it be Headed with Wood hath beene knowne to pierce thorow a Peece of Wood of eight Inches thicke And it is certaine that wee had in vse at one time for Sea-Fight short Arrowes which they called Sprights without any other Heads saue Wood sharpned which were discharged out of Muskets and would pierce thorow the Sides of Ships where a Bullet would not pierce But this dependeth vpon one of the greatest Secrets in all Nature Which is that Similitude of Substance will cause Attraction where the Body is wholly freed from the Motion of Grauitie For if that were taken away Lead would draw Lead and Gold would draw Gold and Iron would draw Iron without the helpe of the Load-Stone But this same Motion of Weight or Grauitie which is a meere Motion of the Matter and hath no Affinitie with the Forme or Kinde doth kill the other Motion except it selfe be killed by a violent Motion As in these Instances of Arrowes For then the Motion of Attraction by Similitude of Substance beginneth to shew it selfe But wee shall handle this Point of Nature fully in due Place They haue in Turkey and the East certaine Confections which they call Seruetts which are like to Candied Conserues And are made of Sugar and Limons or Sugar and Citrons or Sugar and Violets and some other Flowers And some Mixture of Amber for the more delicate Persons And those they dissolue in Water and thereof make their Drinke because they are forbidden Wine by their Law But I doe much maruell that no Englishman or Dutehman or German doth set vp Brewing in Constantinople Considering they haue such Quantitie of Barley For as so the generall Sort of Men Frugalitie may be the Cause of Drinking Water For that it is no small Sauing to pay nothing for ones Drinke But the better Sort mought well be at the Cost And yet I wonder the lesse at it because I see France Italie or Spaine haue not taken into vse Beere or Ale Which perhaps if they did would better both their Healths and their Complexions It is likely it would be Matter of great Gaine to any that should begin it in Turkey In Bathing in Hot Water Sweat neuerthelesse commeth not in the Parts vnder the Water The Cause is First for that Sweat is a Kinde of Colliquation And that Kinde of Colliquation is not made either by an Ouer-Drie Heat or an Ouer-Moist Heat For Ouer-Moisture doth somewhat extinguish the Heat As wee see that euen Hot Water quencheth Fire And Ouer-Drie Heat shutteth the Pores And therefore Men will sooner Sweat couered before the Sunne or Fire than if they stood Naked And Earthen Bottles filled with Hot Water doe prouoke in Bed a Sweat more daintily than Bricke-bats Hot. Secondly Hot Water doth cause Euaporation from the Skin So as it spendeth the Matter in those Parts vnder the Water before it issueth in Sweat Againe Sweat commeth more plentifully if the Heat be increased by Degrees than if it be greatest at first or equall The Cause is for that the Pores are better opened by a Gentle Heat than by a more Violent And by their opening the Sweat issueth more abundantly And therefore Physitians may doe well when they prouoke Sweat in Bed by Bottles with a Decoction of Sudorisicke Herbs in Hot Water to make two Degrees of Heat in the Bottles And to lay in the Bed the lesse Heated first and after halfe an Houre the more Heated Sweat is Salt in Taste The Cause is for that that Part of the Nourishment which is Fresh and Sweet turneth into Bloud and Flesh And the Sweat is only that Part which is Separate and Excerned Bloud also Raw hath some Saltnesse more than Flesh because the Assimilation into Flesh is not without a little and subtile Excretion from the Bloud Sweat commeth forth more out of the Vpper Parts of the Body than the Lower The Reason is because those Parts are more replenished with Spirits And the Spirits are they that put forth Sweat Besides they are lesse Fleshy and Sweat issueth chiefly out of the Parts that are lesse Fleshy and more Dry As the Forehead and Breast Men Sweat more in Sleepe than Waking And yet Sleepe doth rather stay other Fluxions than cause them As Rheumes Loosenesse of the Body c. The Cause is for that in Sleepe the Heat and Spirits doe naturally moue inwards and there rest But when they are collected once within the Heat becommeth more Violent and Irritate And thereby expelleth Sweat Cold Sweats are many times Mortall and neere Death And alwayes ill and Suspected As in Great Feares Hypochondricall Passions c. The Cause is for that Cold Sweats come by a Relaxation or Forsaking of the Spirits wherby the Moisture of the Body which Heat did keepe firme in the Parts seuereth and issueth out In those Diseases which cannot be discharged by Sweat Sweat is ill and rather to be stayed As in Diseases of the Lungs and Fluxes of the Belly But in those Diseases which are expelled by Sweat it easeth and lightneth As in Agues Pestilences c. The Cause is for that Sweat in the Latter Sort is partly Criticall and sendeth forth the Matter that offendeth But in the Former it either proceedeth from the Labour of the Spirits which sheweth them Oppressed Or from Motion of Consent when Nature not able to expell the Disease where it is seated moueth to an Expulsion indifferent ouer all the Body The Nature of the Glo-wormexs is hitherto not well obserued Thus much we see That they breed chiefly in the Hottest Moneths of Summer And that they breed not in Champaigne but in Bushes and Hedges Wherby it may be conceiued that the Spirit of them is very fine and not to be refined but by Summer Heats And againe that by reason of the Finenesse
Wood so farre as the Stone or Iron It is certaine as it hath beene formerly in part touched that Water may be the Medium of Sounds If you dash a Stone against a Stone in the Bottome of the Water it maketh a Sound So a long Pole strucke vpon Grauell in the Bottome of the Water maketh a Sound Nay if you should thinke that the Sound commeth vp by the Pole and not by the Water you shall finde that an Anchor let downe by a Roape maketh a Sound And yet the Roape is no Solide Body whereby the Sound can ascend All Obiects of the Senses which are very Offensiue doe cause the Spirits to retire And vpon their Flight the Parts are in some degree destitute And so there is induced in them a Trepidation and Horrour For Sounds we see that the Grating of a Saw or any very Harsh Noise will set the Teeth on edge and make all the Body Shiuer For Tastes we see that in the Taking of a Potion or Pills the Head and the Necke shake For Odious Smells the like Effect followeth which is lesse perceiued because there is a Remedy at hand by Stopping of the Nose But in Horses that can vse no such Help we see the Smell of a Carrion especially of a Dead Horse maketh them fly away and take on almost as if they were Mad. For Feeling if you come out of the Sunne suddenly into a Shade there followeth a Chilnesse or Shiuering in all the Body And euen in Sight which hath in effect no Odious Obiect Comming into Sudden Darknesse induceth an Offer to Shiuer There is in the City of Ticinum in Italy a Church that hath Windownes onely from aboue It is in Length an Hundred Feet in Breadth Twenty Feet and in Height neare Fifty Hauing a Doore in the Middest It reporteth the Voice twelue or thirteene times if you stand by the Close End-Wall ouer against the Doore The Eccho fadeth and dyeth by little and little as the Eccho at Pont-charenton doth And the Voice soundeth as if it came from aboue the Doore And if you stand at the Lower End or on either Side of the Doore the Eccho holdeth But if you stand in the Doore or in the Middest iust ouer against the Doore not Note that all Eccho's sound better against Old Walls than New Because they are more Dry and Hollow Those Effects which are wrought by the Percussion of the Sense and by Things in Fact are produced likewise in some degree by the Imagination Therefore if a Man see another eat Soure or Acide Things which set the Teeth on edge this Obiect tainteth the Imagination So that hee that seeth the Thing done by another hath his owne Teeth also set on edge So if a Man see another turne swiftly and long Or if he looke vpon Wheeles that turne Himselfe waxeth Turne-sicke So if a Man be vpon an High Place without Railes or good Hold except he be vsed to it he is Ready to Fall For Imagining a Fall it putteth his Spirits into the very Action of a Fall So Many vpon the Seeing of others Bleed or Strangled or Tortured Themselues are ready to faint as if they Bled or were in Strife Take a Stocke-Gilly-Flower and tye it gently vpon a Sticke and put them both into a Stoope Glasse full of Quick-siluer so that the Flower be couered Then lay a little Weight vpon the Top of the Glasse that may keepe the Sticke downe And looke vpon them after foure or fiue daies And you shall finde the Flower Fresh and the Stalke Harder and lesse Flexible than it was If you compare it with another Flower gathered at the same time it will be the more manifest This sheweth that Bodies doe preserue excellently in Quick-siluer And not preserue only but by the Coldnesse of the Quick-siluer Indurate For the Freshnesse of the Flower may be meerely Conseruation which is the more to be obserued because the Quick-Siluer presseth the Flower But the Stiffenesse of the Stalke cannot be without Induration from the Cold as it seemeth of the Quick-siluer It is reported by some of the Ancients that in Cyprus there is a Kinde of Iron that being cut into Little Peeces and put into the Ground if it be well Watred will increase into Greater Peeces This is certaine and knowne of Old That Lead will multiply and Increase As hath beene seene in Old Statua's of Stone which haue beene put in Cellars The Feet of them being bound with Leaden Bands Where after a time there appeared that the Lead did swell Insomuch as it hanged vpon the Stone like Warts I call Drowning of Metalls when that the Baser Metall is so incorporate with the more Rich as it can by no Meanes be separated againe which is a kinde of Version though False As if Siluer should be inseparably incorporated with Gold Or Copper and Lead with Siluer The Ancient Electrum had in it a Fifth of Siluer to the Gold And made a Compound Metall as fit for most vses as Gold And more Resplendent and more Qualified in some other Properties But then that was easily Separated This to doe priuily or to make the Compound passe for the Rich Metall Simple is an Adulteration or Counterfeiting But if it be done Auowedly and without Disguizing it may be a great Sauing of the Richer Metall I remember to haue heard of a Man skilfull in Metalls that a Fifteenth Part of Siluer incorporate with Gold will not be Recouered by any Water of Separation Except you put a Greater Quantity of Siluer to draw to it the Lesse which he said is the last Refuge in Separations But that is a tedious way which no Man almost will thinke on This would be better enquired And the Quantity of the Fifteenth turned to a Twentieth And likewise with some little Additionall that may further the Intrinsique Incorporation Note that Siluer in Gold will be detected by Weight compared with the Dimension But Lead in Silver Lead being the Weightier Metall will not be detected If you take so much the more Siluer as will counteruaile the Ouer-Weight of the Lead Gold is the onely Substance which hath nothing in it Volatile and yet melteth without much difficulty The Melting sheweth that it is not Ieiune or Scarce in Spirit So that the Fixing of it is not Want of Spirit to fly out but the Equall Spreading of the Tangible Parts and the Close Coaceruation of them Whereby they haue the lesse Appetite and no Meanes at all to issue forth It were good therefore to try whether Glasse Re-moulten doe leese any Weight For the Parts in Glasse are euenly Spred But they are not so Close as in Gold As we see by the Easie Admission of Light Heat and Cold And by the Smalnesse of the Weight There be other Bodies Fixed which haue little or no Spirit So as there is nothing to fly out As wee see in the Stuffe whereof Coppells are made Which they
destroyed by Approach to the Fire As Violets Wall-Flowers Gilly-Flowers Pinckes And generally all Flowers that haue Coole and Delicate Spirits Some continue both on the Fire and from the Fire As Rose-Water c. Some doe scarce come forth or at least not so pleasantly as by meanes of the Fire as Iuniper Sweet Gums c. And all Smells that are Enclosed in a Fast Body But generally those Smells are the most Gratefull where the Degree of Heat is Small Or where the Strength of the Smell is allayed For these Things doe rather wooe the Sense than Satiate it And therefore the Smell of Violets and Roses exceedeth in Sweetnesse that of Spices and Gummes And the Strongest Sort of Smells are best in a weft a farre off It is certaine that no Smell issueth but with Emission of some Corporeall Substance Not as it is in Light and Colours and in Sounds For wee see plainly that Smell doth spread nothing that distance that the other doe It is true that some Woods of Orenges and Heathes of Rose-Mary will Smell a great way into the Sea perhaps twenty Miles But what is that since a Peale of Ordnance will do as much which moueth in a small compasse Whereas those Woods and Heathes are of Vast Spaces Besides we see that Smells doe adhere to Hard Bodies As in Persuming of Gloues c. which sheweth them Corporeall And doe Last a great while which Sounds and Light doe not The Excrements of most Creatures Smell ill Chiefly to the same Creature that voideth them For we see besides that of Man that Pigeons and Horses thriue best if their Houses and Stables be kept Sweet And so of Cage-Birds And the Cat burieth that which shee voideth And it holdeth chiefly in those Beasts which feed vpon Flesh. Dogs almost onely of Beasts delight in Fetide Odours Which sheweth there is somewhat in their Sense of Smell differing from the Smells of other Beasts But the Cause why Excrements smell ill is manifest For that the Body it selfe reiecteth them Much more the Spirits And we see that those Excrements that are of the First Digestion Smell the worst As the Excrements from the Belly Those that are from the Second Digestion lesse ill As Vrine And those that are from the Third yet lesse For Sweat is not so bad as the other two Especially of some Persons that are full of Heat Likewise most Putrefactions are of an Odious Smell For they smell either Fetide or Mouldy The Cause may be for that Putrefaction doth bring forth such a Consistence as is most Contrary to the Consistence of the Body whilst it is Sound For it is a meere dissolution of that Forme Besides there is another Reason which is Profound And it is that the Obiects that please any of the Senses haue all some Equality and as it were Order in their Composition But where those are wanting the Obiect is euer Ingrate So Mixture of many Disagreeing Colours is euer vnpleasant to the Eye Mixture of Discordant Sounds is vnpleasant to the Eare Mixture or Hotch-Potch of many Tastes is vnpleasant to the Taste Harshnesse and Ruggednesse of Bodies is vnpleasant to the Touch Now it is certaine that all Putrefaction being a Dissolution of the first Forme is a meere Confusion and Vnformed Mixture of the Part. Neuerthelesse it is strange and seemeth to Crosse the former Obseruation that some Putrefactions and Excrements doe yeeld Excellent Odours As Ciuet and Muske And as some thinke Amber-Greece For diuers take it though vnprobably to come from the Sperme of Fish And the Mosse wee spake of from Apple-Trees is little better than an Excretion The Reason may be for that there passeth in the Excrements and remaineth in the Putrefactions some good Spirits especially where they proceed from Creatures that are very Hot. But it may be also ioyned with a further Cause which is more Subtill And it is that the Senses loue not to be Ouerpleased But to haue a Câ—â—â—â—â—â— of somewhat is in it selfe Ingrate Certainly we see how Discords in Musicke falling vpon Concords make the Sweetest Straines And we see againe what Strange Tastes delight the Taste As Red-Herrings Caueary Parmizan c. And it may be the same holdeth in Smells For those kinde of Smells that we haue mentioned are all Strong and doe Pull and Vellicate the Sense And wee finde also that Places where Men Vrine commonly haue some smell of Violets And Vrine if one hath eaten Nutmegge hath so too The Sloathfull Generall and Indefinite Contemplations and Notions of the Elements and their Coniugations Of the Influences of Heauen Of Heat Cold Moisture Drought Qualities Active Passive And the like haue swallowed vp the true Passages and Processes and Affects and Consistences of Matter and Naturall Bodies Therefore they are to be set aside being but Notionall and ill Limited And Definite Axiomes are to be drawne out of Measured Instances And so Assent to be made to the more Generall Axiomes by Scale And of these Kindes of Processes of Natures and Characters of Matter we will now set downe some Instances All Putrefactions come chiefly from the Inward Spirits of the Body And partly also from the Ambient Body be it Aire Liquour or whatsoeuer else And this last by two Meanes Either by Ingresse of the Substance of the Ambient Body into the Body Putrified Or by Excitation and Sollicitation of the Body Putrified and the Parts thereof by the Body Ambient As for the Receiued Opinion that Putrefaction is caused either by Cold or Peregrine and Preternaturall Heat it is but Nugation For Cold in Things Inanimate is the greatest Enemy that is to Putrefaction though it extinguisheth Viuification which euer consisteth in Spirits Attenuate which the Cold doth congeale and coagulate And as for the Peregrins Heat it is thus farre true That if the Proportion of the Aduentiue Heat be greatly Predominant to the Naturall Heat and Spirits of the Body it tendeth to Dissolution or Notable Alteration But this is wrought by Emission or Suppression or Suffocation of the Natiue Spirits And also by the Disordination and Discomposture of the Tangible Parts And other Passages of Nature And not by a Conflict of Heats In Versions or Maine Alterations of Bodies there is a Medium between the Body as it is at first and the Body Resulting which Medium is Corpus imperfectè Mistum and is Transitory and not durable As Mists Smoaks Vapours Chylus in the Stomach Liuing Creatures in the first Vinification And the Middle Action which produceth such Imperfect Bodies is fitly called by some of the Ancients Inquination or Inconcoction which is a Kinde of Putrefaction For the Parts are in Confusion till they settle one way or other The word Concoction or Digestion is chiefly taken into vse from Liuing Creatures and their Organs And from thence extended to Liquours and Fruits c. Therefore they speake of Meat Concocted Vrine and Excrements Concocted And the Foure
Disgestions In the Stomach In the Liuer In the Arteries and Nerues And in the Seuerall Parts of the Body are likewise called Concoctions And they are all made to be the Workes of Heat All which Notions are but ignorant Catches of a few Things which are most Obuious to Mens Obseruations The Constantest Notion of Concoction is that it should signifie the Degrees of Alteration of one Body into another from Crudity to Perfect Concoction Which is the Vltimity of that Action or Processe And while the Body to be Conuerted and Altered is too strong for the Efficient that should Conuert or Alter it whereby it resisteth and holdeth fast in some degree the first Forme or Consistence it is all that while Crude and Inconcoct And the Processe is to be called Crudity and Inconcoction It is true that Concoction is in great part the Worke of Heat But not the Worke of Heat alone For all Things that further the Conuersion or Alteration as Rest Mixture of a Body already Concocted c. are also Meanes to Concoction And there are of Concoction two Periods The one Assimilation or Absolute Conuersion and Subaction The other Maturation whereof the Former is most conspicuous in the Bodies of Liuing Creatures In which there is an Absolute Conuersion and Assimilation of the Nourishment into the Body And likewise in the Bodies of Plants And againe in Metalls where there is a full Transmutation The other which is Maturation is seene in Liquours and Fruits wherein there is not desired nor pretended an vtter Conuersion but onely an Alteration to that Forme which is most sought for Mans vse As in Clarifying of Drinkes Ripening of Fruits c. But note that there be two Kindes of Absolute Conuersions The one is when a Body is conuerted into another Body which was before As when Nourishment is turned into Flesh That is it which wee call Assimilation The other is when the Conuersion is into a Body meerely New and which was not before As if Siluer should be turned to Gold or Iron to Copper And this Conuersion is better called for distinctions sake Transmutation There are also diuers other Great Alterations of Matter and Bodies besides those that tend to Concoction and Maturation For whatsoeuer doth so alter a Body as it returneth not againe to that it was may be called Alteratio Maior As when Meat is Boyled or Roasted or Fried c. Or when Bread and Meat are Baked Or when Cheese is made of Curds or Butter of Creame or Goales of wood or Brickes of Earth And a Number of others But to apply Notions Philosophicall to Plebcian Termes Or to say where the Notions cannot fitly be reconciled that there wanteth a Terme or Nomenclature for it as the Ancients vsed They be but Shifts of Ignorance For Knowledge will be euer a Wandring and Indigested Thing if it be but a Commixture of a few Notions that are at hand and occurre and not excited from sufficient Number of Instances and those well collated The Consistences of Bodies are very diuers Dense Rare Tangible Pneumaticall Volatile Fixed Determinate Not Determinate Hard Soft Cleauing Not Cleauing Congealeable Not Congealeable Liquefiable Not Liquefiable Fragile Tough Flexible Inflexible Tractile or to be drawen forth in length Intractile Porous Solide Equall and Smooth Vnequall Venous and Fibrous and with Graines Entire And diuers Others All which to referre to Heat and Cold and Moisture and Drought is a Compendious and Inutile Speculation But of these see principally our Abecedarium Nature And otherwise Sparfim in this in our Sylua Syluarum Neuerthelesse in some good part We shall handle diuers of them now presently Liquefiable and Not Liquefiable proceed from these Causes Liquefaction is euer caused by the Detention of the Spirits which play within the Body and Open it Therefore such Bodies as are more Turgide of Spirit Or that haue their Spirits more Sraitly Imprisoned Or againe that hold them Better Pleased and Content are Liquefiable For these three Dispositions of Bodies doe arrest the Emission of the Spirits An Example of the first two Properties is in Metalls And of the Last in Grease Pitch Sulphure Butter Wax c. The Disposition not to Liquefie proceedeth from the Easie Emission of the Spirits whereby the Grosser Parts contract And therefore Bodies Ieiune of Spirits Or which part with their Spirits more Willingly are not Liquefiable As Wood Clay Free-stone c. But yet euen many of those Bodies that will not Melt or will hardly Melt will notwithstanding Soften As Iron in the Forge And a Sticke bathed in Hot Ashes which thereby becommeth more Flexible Moreouer there are some Bodies which doe Liquefie or dissolue by Fire As Metalls Wax c. And other Bodies which dissolue in Water As Salt Sugar c. The Cause of the former proceedeth from the Dilatation of the Spirits by Heat The Cause of the Latter proceedeth from the Opening of the Tangible Parts which desire to receiue the Liquour Againe there are some Bodies that dissolue with both As Gumme c. And those be such Bodies as on the One Side haue good store of Spirit And on the other Side haue the Tangible Parts Indigent of Moisture For the former helpeth to the Dilating of the Spirits by the Fire And the Latter stimulateth the Parts to Receiue the Liquour Of Bodies some are Fragile And some are Tough and Not Fragile And in the Breaking some Fragile Bodies breake but where the Force is Some shatter and fly in many Peeces Of Fragility the Cause is an Impotency to be Extended And therefore Stone is more Fragile than Metall And so Fictile Earth is more Fragile than Crude Earth And Dry Wood than Greene. And the Cause of this Vnaptnesse to Extension is the Small Quantity of Spirits For it is the Spirit that furthereth the Extension or Dilatation of Bodies And it is euer Concomitant with Porosity and with Drinesse in the Tangible Parts Contrariwise Tough Bodies haue more Spirit and sewer Pores and Moister Tangible Parts Therefore wee see that Parchment or Leather will stretch Paper will not Woollen Cloth will tenter Linnen scarcely All Solide Bodies consist of Parts of two seuerall Natures Pneumaticall and Tangible And it is well to be noted that the Pneumaticall Substance is in some Bodies the Nature Spirit of the Body And in some other plaine Aire that is gotten in As in Bodies desiccate by Heat or Age For in them when the Natiue Spirit goeth forth and the Moisture with it the Aire with time getteth into the Pores And those Bodies are euer the more Fragile For the Natiue Spirit is more Yeelding and Extensiue especially to follow the Parts than Aire The Natiue Spirits also admit great Diuersitie As Hot Cold Active Dull c. Whence proceed most of the Vertues and Qualities as wee call them of Bodies But the Aire intermixt is without Vertues and maketh Things Infioide and without any Extimulation The Concretion of Bodies
is commonly solued by the Contrary As Ice which is congealed by Gold is dissolued by Heat Salt and Sugar which are Excocted by Heat are Dissolued by Cold and Moisture The Cause is for that these Operations are rather Returnes to their former Nature than Alterations So that the Contrary cureth As for Oyle it doth neither easily congeale with Cold nor thicken with Heat The Cause of both Effects though they be produced by Contrary Efficients seemeth to be the Same And that is because the Spirit of the Oyle by either Meanes exhaleth little For the Cold keepeth it in and the Heat except it be Vehement doth not call it forth As for Cold though it take hold of the Tangible Parts yet as to the Spirits it doth rather make them Swell than Congeale them As when Ice is congealed in a Cup the Ice will Swell in stead of Contracting And sometimes Rift Of Bodies some wee see are Hard and some Soft The Hardnesse is caused chiefly by the Ieiunenesse of the Spirits And their Imparitie with the Tangible Parts Both which if they be in a greater degree maketh them not only Hard but Fragile and lesse Enduring of Pressure As Steele Stone Glasse Drie Wood c. Softnesse commeth contrariwise by the Greater Quantitie of Spirits which euer helpeth to Induce Yeelding and Cession And by the more Equall Spreading of the Tangible Parts which thereby are more Sliding and Following As in Gold Lead Wax c. But note that Soft Bodies as wee vse the word are of two Kinds The one that easily glueth place to another Body but altereth not Bulke by Rising in other Places And therefore wee see that Wax if you put any Thing into it doth not rise in Bulke but only giueth Place For you may not thinke that in Printing of Wax the Wax riseth vp at all But only the depressed Part giueth place and the other remaineth as it was The other that altereth Bulke in the Cession As Water or other Liquours if you put a Stone or any Thing into them they giue place indeed easily but then they rise all ouer Which is a False Cession For it is in Place and not in Body All Bodies Ductile and Tensile as Metals that will be drawne into Wires Wooll and Towe that will be drawne into Yarne or Thred haue in them the Appetite of Not Discontinuing Strong Which maketh them follow the Force that pulleth them out And yet so as not to Discontinue or forsake their owne Body Viscous Bodies likewise as Pitch Wax Bird-Lime Cheese toasted will draw forth and roape But the difference betweene Bodies Fibrous and Bodies Viscous is Plaine For all Wooll and Towe and Cotton and Silke especially raw Silke haue besides their Desire of Continuance in regard of the Tenuitie of their Thred a Greedinesse of Moisture And by Moisture to ioyne and incorporate with other Thred Especially if there be a little Wreathing As appeareth by the Twisting of Thred And the Practise of Twirling about of Spindles And wee see also that Gold and Siluer Thred cannot be made without Twisting The Differences of Impressible and Not Impressible Figurable and Not Figurable Mouldable and Not Mouldable Scissile and Not Scissile And many other Passions of Matter are Plebcian Notions applied vnto the Instruments and Vses which Men ordinarily practise But they are all but the Effects of some of these Causes following Which we will Enumerate without Applying them because that would be too long The First is the Cession or Not Cession of Bodies into a Smaller Space or Roome keeping the Outward Bulke and not flying vp The Second is the Stronger or Weaker Appetite in Bodies to Continuitie and to flie Discontinuitie The Third is the Disposition of Bodies to Contract or Not Contract And againe to Extend or Not Extend The Fourth is the Small Quantitie or Great Quantitie of the Pneumaticall in Bodies The Fifth is the Nature of the Pneumalicall whether is â—â— Natiue Spirit of the Body or Common Aire The Sixth is the Nature of the Natiue Spirits in the Body whether they be Actiue and Eager or Dull and Gentle The Seuenth is the Emission or Detention of the Spirits in Bodies The Eighth is the Dilatation or Contraction of the Spirits in Bodies while they are detained The Ninth is the Collocation of the Spirits in Bodies whether the Collocation be Equall or Vnequall And againe whether the Spirits be Coaceruate or Diffused The Tenth is the Densitie or Raritie of the Tangible Parts The Eleuenth is the Equalitie or Inequalitie of the Tangible Parts The Twelfth is the Disgestion or Cruditie of the Tangible Parts The Thirteenth is the Nature of the Matter whether Sulphureous or Mercuriall Watrie or Oylie Drie and Terrestriall or Moìst and Liquid which Natures of Sulphureous and Mercuriall seeme to be Natures Radicall and Principiall The Fourteenth is the Placing of the Tangible Parts in Length or Transuerse As it is in the Warpe and the Woofe of Textiles More Inward or More Outward c. The Fifteenth is the Porofitie or Imporositie betwixt the Tangible Parts And the Greatnesse or Smalnesse of the Pores The Sixteenth is the Collocation and Pesture of the Pores There may be more Causes but these doe occurre for the Present Take Lead and melt it and in the Middest of it when it beginneth to Congeale make a little Dint or Hole and put Quicke-Siluer wrapped in a Peece of Linnen into that Hole and the Quicke-Siluer will fix and run no more and endure the Hammer This is a Noble Instance of Induration by Consent of one Body with another and Motion of Excitation to Imitate For to ascribe it only to the Vapour of Lead is lesse Probable Quare whether the Fixing may be in such a degree as it will be Figured like other Metals For if so you may make Works of it for some purposes so they come not neere the Fire Sugar hath put downe the vse of Honey Insomuch as wee haue lost those Obseruations and Preparations of Honey which the Ancients had when it was more in Price First it seemeth that there was in old time Tree-Honey as well as Bee-Honey Which was the Teare or Bloud issuing from the Tree Insomuch as one of the Ancients relateth that in Trebisond there was Honey issuing from the Box-Trees which made Men Mad. Againe in Ancient time there was a Kinde of Honey which either of the owne Nature or by Art would grow as Hard as Sugar And was not so Lushious as Ours They had also a Wine of Honey which they made thus They crushed the Honey into a great Quantitie of Water and then strained the Liquour After they boyled it in a Copper to the halfe Then they powred it into Earthen Vessels for a small time And after tunned it into Vessels of Wood and kept it for many years They haue also at this day in Russia and those Northerne Countries Mead Simple which well made and seasoned is a good
The Spirit or Soule of the World By which they did not intend God for they did admit of a Deitie besides But only the Soule or Essentiall Forme of the Vniueâ—se This Foundation being laid they mought build vpon it what they would For in a Liuing Creature though neuer so great As for Example in a great Whale the Sense and the Affects of any one Part of the Body instantly make a Transcursion thoâ— rowout the whole Body So that by this they did insinuate that no Distance of Place nor Want or Indisposition of Matter could hinder Magicall Operations But that for Example wee mought here in Europe haue Sense and Feeling of that which was done in China And likewise we mought worke any Effect without and against Matter And this not Holpen by the Cooperation of Angels or Spirits but only by the Vnitie and Harmonie of Nature There were some also that staid not here but went further and held That if the Spirit of Man whom they call the Microcosme doe giue a fit touch to the Spirit of the World by strong Imaginations and Beleefes it might command Nature For Paracelsus and some darksome Authors of Magicke doe ascribe to Imagination Exalted the Power of Miracle-working Faith With these Vast and Bottomelesse Follies Men haue been in part entertained But wee that hold firme to the Works of God And to the Sense which is Gods Lampe Lucerna Dei Spiraculum Hominis willen quire with all Sobrietie and Seueritie whether there be to be found in the Foot-steps of Nature any such Transmission and Influx of Immateriate Vertues And what the Force of Imagination is Either vpon the Body Imaginant or vpon another Body Wherein it will be like that Labour of Hercules in Purging the Stable of Augeas to separate from Superstitious and Magicall Arts and Obseruations any thing that is cleane and pure Naturall And not to be either Contemned or Condemned And although wee shall haue occasion to speake of this in more Places than One yet we will now make some Entrance thereinto Men are to be Admonished that they doe not with-draw Credit from the Operations by Transmission of Spirits and Force of Imagination because the Effects faile sometimes For as in Infection and Contagion from Body to Body as the Plague and the like it is most certaine that the Infection is receiued many times by the Body Passiue but yet is by the Strength and good Disposition thereof Repulsed and wrought out before it be formed into a Disease So much more in Impressions from Minde to Minde or from Spirit to Spirit the Impression taketh but is Encountred and Ouercome by the Minde and Spirit which is Passiue before it worke any manifest Effect And therefore they worke most vpon Weake Mindes and Spirits As those of Women Sicke Persons Superstitious and Fearfull Persons Children and Young Creatures Nescio quis teneros Oculus mihi fascinat Agnos The Poet speaketh not of Sheepe but of Lambs As for the Weaknesse of the Power of them vpon Kings and Magistrates It may be ascribed besides the maine which is the Protection of God ouer those that Execute his Place to the Weaknesse of the Imagination of the Imaginant For it is hard for a Witch or a Sorcerer to put on a Beleefe that they can hurt such Persons Men are to be Admonished on the other side that they doe not easily giue Place and Credit to these Operations because they Succeed many times For the Cause of this Successe is oft to be truly ascribed vnto the Force of Affection and Imagination vpon the Body Agent And then by a Secondary Meanes it may worke vpon a Diuers Body As for Example If a Man carry a Planets Seale or a Ring or some Part of a Beast beleeuing strongly that it will helpe him to obtaine his Loue Or to keepe him from danger of hurt in Fight Or to preuaile in a Suit c. it may make him more Actiue and Industrious And againe more Confident and Persisting than otherwise he would be Now the great Effects that may come of Industrie and Perseuerance especially in Ciuill Businesse who knoweth not For wee see Audacitie doth almost binde and mare the weaker Sort of Minds And the State of Humane Actions is so variable that to trie Things oft and neuer to giue ouer doth Wonders Therefore it were a Meere Fallacie and Mistaking to ascribe that to the Force of Imagination vpon another Body which is but the Force of Imagination vpon the Proper Body For there is no doubt but that Imagination and Vehement Affection worke greatly vpon the Body of the Imaginant As wee shall shew in due place Men are to be Admonished that as they are not to mistake the Causes of these Operations So much lesse they are to mistake the Fact or Effect And rashly to take that for done which is not done And therefore as diuers wise Indges haue prescribed and cautioned Men may not too rashly beleeue the Confessions of Witches nor yet the Enidence against them For the Witches themselues are Imaginatiue and beleeue oft-times they doe that which they doe not And People are Credulous in that point and ready to impute Accidents and Naturall Operations to Witch Craft It is worthy the Obseruing that both in Ancient and Late times As in the Thassalian Witches and the Meetings of Witches that haue beene recorded by so many late Confessions the great Wonders which they tell of Carrying in the Aire Transforming themselues into other Bodies c. are still reported to be wrought not by Incantations or Ceremonies But by Ointments and Annointing themselues all ouer This may iustly moue a Man to thinke that these Fables are the Effects of Imagination For it is certaine that Ointments doe all if they be laid on any thing thicke by Stopping of the Pores shut in the Vapours and send them to the Head extremely And for the Particular Ingredients of those Magicall Ointments it is like they are Opiate and Soporiferous For Annointing of the Fore-head Necke Feet Back-Bone we know is vsed for Procuring Dead Sleepes And if any Man say that this Effect would be better done by Inward Potions Answer may be made that the Medicines which goe to the Ointments are so strong that if they were vsed inwards they would kill those that vse them And therefore they worke Potently though Outwards We will diuide the Seuerall Kindes of the Operations by Transmission of Spirits and Imagination Which will giue no small Light to the Experiments that follow All Operations by Transmission of Spirits and Imagination haue this That they Worke at Distance and not at Touch And they are these being distinguished The First is the Transmission or Emission of the Thinner and more Airy Parts of Bodies As in Odours and Infections And this is of all the rest the most Corporeall But you must remember withall that there be a Number of those Emissions both Wholesome and Vnwholesome that giue no Smell at all
must be Wrapped vp Close as farre as the Ointment goeth that it taketh no Wind. Ninthly the Ointment if you wipe it off from the Sword and keepe it will Serue againe and rather Increase in Vertue than Diminish Tenthly it will Cure in farte Shorter Time than Ointments of Wounds commonly doe Lastly it will Cure a Beast as well as a Man which I like best of all the rest because it subiecteth the Matter to an Easie Triall I would haue Men know that though I reprehend the Easie Passing ouer of the Causes of Things by Ascribing them to Secret and Hidden Vertues and Proprieties For this hath arrested and laid asleepe all true Enquiry and Indications yet I doe not vnderstand but that in the Practicall Part of Knowledge much will be left to Experience and Probation whereunto Indication cannot so fully reach And this not onely in Specie but in Indiuiduo So in Physicke if you will cure the Iaundies it is not enough to say that the Medicine must not be Cooling For that will hinder the Opening which the Disease requireth That it must not be Hot For that will exasperate Choler That it must goe to the Gall For there is the Obstruction which causeth the Disease c. But you must receiue from Experience that Powder of Chamapytis or the like drunke in Beere is good for the Iaundies So againe a wise Physitian doth not continue still the same Medicine to a Patient But he will vary if the first Medicine doth not apparently succeed For of those Remedies that are good for the Iaundies Stone Agues c. that will doe good in one Body which will not doe good in Another According to the Correspondence the Medicine hath to the Indiuduall Body The Delight which Men haue in Popularity Fame Honour Submission and Subiection of other Mens Mindes Wills or Affections although these Things may be desired for other Ends seemeth to be a Thing in it selfe without Contemplation of Consequence Gratefull agreeable to the Nature of Man This Thing surely is not without some Signification as if all Spirits and Soules of Men came forth out of one Diuine Limbus Else why should Men be so much affected with that which others thinke or say The best Temper of Mindes desireth Good Name and True Honour The Lighter Popularity and Applause The more depraued Subiection and Tyranny As is seene in great Conquerours and Troublers of the World And yet more in Arch-Heretickes for the Introducing of new Doctrines is likewise an Affectation of Tyranny ouer the Vnderstandings and Beleefes of Men. A TABLE OF the Experiments Century I. OF Strayning or Percolation Outward and inward Experiments 8. page 1 Of Motion vpon Pressure Experiments 5. page 3 Of Separations of Bodies Liquid by weight Exper. 3. pag. 4 Of Infusions in Water and Aire Exper. 7. pag. 5 Of the Appetite of Continuation in Liquids Exper. 1 pag. 6 Of Artificiall Springs Exper. 1. pag. 7 Of the Venemous Quality of Mans Siesh Exp. 1. ibid. Of Turning Aire into Water Exp. 1. pag. 8 Of Helping or Altering the Shape of the Body Exp. 1. ibid. Of Condensing of Aire to yeeld Weight or Nourishment Exp. 1. pag. 9 Of Flame and Aire Commixed Exp. 1. pag. 10 Of the Secret Nature of Flame Exp. 1. ibid. Of Flame in the Midst and on the Sides Exp. 1. pag. 11 Of Motion of Grauity Exp. 1. ibid. Of Contraction of Bodies in Bulke Exp. 1. pag. 12 Of making Vines more fruitfull Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Seuerall Operations of Purging Medicines Exp. 9. ibid. Of Meats and Drinkes most Nourishing Exp. 15. pag. 15 Of Medicines applied in Order Exp. 1. pag. 19 of Cure by Custome Exp. 1. pag. 20 Of Cure by Excesse Exp. 1. ibid. Of Cure by Motion of Consent Exp. 1. ibid. Of Cure of Diseases contrary to Predisposuion Exp. 1 pag. 21 Of Preparation before and after Purging Exp. 1. ibid. Of Stanching Bloud Exp. 1. pag. 22 Of Change of Aliments and Medicines Exp. 1. ibid. Of Diets Exp. 1. ibid. Of Production of Cold. Exp. 7. ibid. Of Turning Aire into water Exp. 7. pag. 24 Of Induration of Bodies Exp. 8. pag. 26 Of Preying of Aire vpon Water Exp. 1. pag. 28 Of the Force of Vnion Exp. 1. pag. 29 Of Making Feathers and Haires of diuers Colours Exp. 1. ibid. Of Nourishment of young Creatures in the Egge or Wombe Exp. 1. pag. 30 Of Sympathy and Antipathy Exp. 3. ibid. Of the Spirits or Pneumaticalls in Bodies Exp. 1. pag. 31 Of the Power of Heat Exp. 1. pag. 32 Of Impossibility of Annihilation Exp. 1. pag. 33 Century II. OF Musicke Exp. 14. page 35 Of the Nullity and Entity of Sounds Exp. 9. page 39 Of Production Conseruation and Delation of Sounds Exp. 14. p. 41 Of Magnitude Exility and Damps of Sounds Exp. 25 pag. 45 Of Loudnesse and Softnesse of Sounds Exp. 3. pag. 49 Of Communication of Sounds Exp. 3. ibid. Of Equality and Inequality of Sounds Exp. 9. pag. 50 Of more Treble and Base Tones Exp. 6. pag. 52 Of Proportion of Treble and Base Exp. 4. pag. 53 of Exteriour and Interiour Sounds Exp. 4. pag. 54 Of Articulation of Sounds Exp. 9. ibid. Century III. OF the Lines in which Sounds moue Exp. 6. pag. 57 Of the Lasting or Perishing of Sounds Exp. 5. pag. 58 Of the Passage or Interception of Sounds Exp. 5. pag. 59 Of the Medium of Sounds Exp. 4. pag. 60 Of the Figures of Bodies yeelding Sounds Exp. 3. pag. 61 Of Mixture of Sounds Exp. 5. pag. 62 Of Melioration of Sounds Exp. 7 pag. 63 Of Imitation of Sounds Exp. 6 pag. 64 Of Reflexion of Sounds Exp. 13 pag. 65 Of Consent and Dissent betweene Audibles and Visibles Exp. 23 pg. 68 Of Sympathie and Antipathie of Sounds Exp. 5. pag. 72 Of Hindring or Helping of Hearing Exp. 4. pag. 73 Of the Spiritual and Fine Nature of Sounds Exp. 4. ibid. Of Orient Colours in Dissolutions of Metalls Exp. 1. pag. 74 Of Prolongation of Life Exp. 1. pag. 75 Of the Appetite of Vnion in Bodies Exp. 1. ibid. Of the like Operations of Heat and Time Exp. 1. pag. 76 Of the Differing Operations of Fire and Time Exp. 1. ibid. Of Motions by Imitation Exp. 1. ibid. Of Infectious of Diseases Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Incorporation of Powders and Liquours Exp. 1. pag. 77 Of Exercise of the Body And the Benefits or Euils thereof Exp. 1. ibid. Of Meats soone Glutting or No Glutting Exp. 1. ibid. Century IV. Of Clarification of Liquours and the Accelerating thereof Exp. II. pag. 81 Of Maturation and the Accelerating thereof And of the Maturation of Drinks and Fruits Exp. 15. pag. 83 Of Making Gold Exp. 1. pag. 86 Of the Seuerall Natures of Gold Exp. 1. pag. 88 Of Inducing and Accelerating Putrefaction Exp. 12. ibid. Of Prohibiting and Preuenting Putrefaction Exp. 11. pag. 90 Of Rotten Wood Shining Exp. 1. pag. 93 Of Acceleration of Birth Exp. 1. pag. 94 Of Acceleration of Growth and Stature Exp.
Inuentions as wee thinke good And wee doe also declare Naturall Diuinations of Diseases Plagues Swarmes of Hurtfull Creatures Scarcety Tempests Earthquakes Great Inundations Cometts Temperature of the Yeare and diuerse other Things And wee giue Counsell thereupon what the People shall doe for the Preuention and Remedy of them And when Hee had sayd this Hee stood vp And I as I had beene taught kneeled downe and He layd his Right Hand vpon my Head and said GOD blesse thee my Sonne And GOD blesse this Relation which I haue made I giue thee leaue to Publish it for the Good of other Nations For wee here are in GODS Bosome a Land vnknowne And so hee left mee Hauing assigned a Valew about two Thousand Duckets for a Bounty to mee and my Fellowes For they giue great Largesses they come vpon all occasions The rest was not Perfected MAGNALIA NATVRAE PRAECIPVE QVOAD VSVS HVMANOS THe Prolongation of Life The Restitution of Youth in some Degree The Retardation of Age. The Curing of Diseases counted Incurable The Mitigation of Paine More Easie and lesse Loathsome Purgings The Encreasing of Strength and Actiuity The Encreasing of Ability to suffer Torture or Paine The Altering of Complexions And Fatnesse and Leannesse The Altering of Statures The Altering of Features The Encreasing and Exalting of the Intellectuall Parts Versions of Bodies into other Bodies Making of New Species Transplanting of one Species into another Instruments of Destruction as of Warre and Poyson Exhilaration of the Spirits and Putting them in good Disposition Force of the Imagination either vpon another Body or vpon the Body it selfe Acceleration of Time in Maturations Acceleration of Time in Clasifications Acceleration of Putrefaction Acceleration of Decoction Acceleration of Germination Making Rich Composts for the Earth Impressions of the Aire and Raising of Tempests Great Alteration As in Induration Emollition c. Turning Crude and VVatry Substances into Oyly and Vnctious Substances Drawing of New Foodes out of Substances not now in Vse Making New Threds for Apparell And New Stuffes Such as are Paper Glasse c. Naturall Diuinations Deceptions of the Senses Greater Pleasures of the Senses Artificiall Mineralls and Cements FINIS In the New Atlantis Pag. 28. lin 27. for both read bath Pag. 36. lin 6. for procueed read produced This Epistle is the same that should haue been prefixed to this Booke if his Lordship had liued Experiments in Consort touching the Straining and Passing of Bodies one through another which they Call Percolation Experiments in Consort touching Motion of Bodies vpon their Pressure Experiments in Consort touching Separations of Bodies by Weight Experiments in Consort touching Iudicious Accurate Infusions both in Liquors and Aire Experiment Solitary touching the Appetite of Continuation in liquids Experiment Solitary touching the Making of Artificiall Springs Experiment Solitary touching the Venemous Quality of Mans Flesh. Experiment Solitary touching the Version and Transmutation of Aire into Water Experiment Solitary touching Helpes towards the Beauty and good Features of Persons Experiments Solitary touching the Condensing of Aire in such sort as it may put on Weight and yield Nourishment Experiment Solitary touching the CoÌ„mixture of Flame and Aire and the great Force therof Experiment Solitary touching the Secret Nature of Flame Experiment Solitory touching the Different force of Flame in the Middest and on the Sides Experiment Solitary touching the Decrease of the Naturall motion of Grauity in great distance from the Earth or within some depth of the Earth Experiment Solitary touching the Contraction of Bodies in Bulke by the Mixture of the more Liquid Body with the more Solid Experiment Solitary touching the Making Vines more fruitfull Experiments in Consort touching Purging Medicines Experiments in Consort touching Meats and Drinks that are most Nourishing Experiment Solitary touching Filum Medicinale Experiment Solitary touching Cure by Custome Experiment Solitary touching Cure by Excesse Experiment Solitary touching Cure by Motion of Consent Experiment Solitary touching Cure of Diseases which are contrary to Predist sition Experiment Solitary touching Preparations before Purging and setling of the Body afterward Experiment Solitary touching Stocking of Bloud Experiment Solitary touching Change of Aliments and Medicines Experiment Solitary touching Diets Experiments in Consort touching the Production of Cold. Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Version and Transmutation of Aire into water Experiments in Consort touching Induration of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Version of water into Aire Experiment Solitary touching the Force of Vnion Experiment Solitary touching the Producing of Feathers and Haires of diuers Colours Experiment Solitary touching the Nourishment of Liuing Creatures before they be brought forth Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching Sympathy and Antipathy for Medicinall vse Experiment Solitary touching the Secret Processes of Nature Experiment Solitary touching the Power of Heat Amalgama Experiment Solitary touching the Impossibility of Annibilation Experiments in Consort touching Musicke Experiments in Consort touching Sounds and first touching the Nullity and Entity of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching Production Conseruation and Dilation of Sounds And the Office of the Aire therein Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Magnitude and Exiluy and Damps of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Loudnesse or Sofinesse of Sounds and their Carriage at longer or shorter Distance Experiments in Consort touching the Communication of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching Equality and Inequality of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the â—â—â— treble and the â—â—â— Base Tones or Musicall Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Proportion of Treble and Base Tones Experiments in Consort touching Exteriour and Interiour Sounds Experiments in Consort touching Articulation of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Motions of Sounds in what Lines they are Circular Oblique Straight Vpwards downwards Forwards Backwards Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Lasting and Perishing of Sounds And touching the Time they require to their Generation or Delation Experiments in Consort touching the Passage and Interceptions of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Medium of Sounds Experiments in Consort what the Figures of the Pipes or Concanes or the Bodies Diferent conduce to the Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Mixture of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching Melioration of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Imitation of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Reflexion of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Consent and Dissint between Visibles Audibles Experiments in Consort touching the Sympathy or Antipathy of sounds one with another Experiments in Consort touching the Hindring or Helping of the Hearing Experiments in Consort touching the Spirituall and Fine Nature of Sounds Experiment Solitary touching the Orient Colours in dissolution of Metalls Experiment Solitary touching Prolongation of Life Experiment Solitary touching Appetite of Vnion in Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the like Oâ—â—â—â—â—â—ons of Heat and Time Experiment Solitary touching the differing Operations of Fire and Time Experiment Solitary touching Motions by Inuitation Experiment Solitary touching Infectious Disease Experiment Solitary touching the incorporation
the first lay looser and the latter lay deeper So that if you infuse Rubarb for an houre and crush it well it will purge better and binde the Body lesse after the purging then if it stood twenty foure houres This is tried But I conceiue likewise that by Repeating the Infusion of Rubarb seuerall times as was said of Violetts letting each stay in but a small time you may make it as strong a Purging Medecine as Scammony And it is not a small thing wonn in Phisick if you can make Rubarb and other Medecines that are Benedict as strong Purgers as those that are not without some Malignity Purging Medecines for the most part haue their Purgatine Vertue in a fine Spirit As appeareth by that they indure not boiling without much losse of vertue And therfore it is of good vse in Phisick if you can retaine the Purging Vertue and take away the Vnpleasant tast of the Purger which it is like you may doe by this Course of Infusing oft with little stay For it is probable that the Horrible and Odious Tast is in the Grosser part Generally the working by Infusions is grosse and blinde except you first try the Issuing of the seuerall Parts of the Body which of them Issue more speedily and which more slowly And so by apportioning the time can take and leaue that Quality which you desire This to know ther be two waies The one to try what long stay and what short stay worketh as hath been said The other to try in Order the succeding Infusions of one and the same Body successiuely in seuerall Liquors As for example Take Orenge-Pills or Rose-Mary or Cinnamon or what you will And let them Infuse halfe an houre in VVater Then take them out and Infuse them againe in other VVater And so the third time And then tast and consider the First water the Second and the Third And you will find them differing not only in Strength and Weaknes but otherwise in Tast or Odour For it may bee the First water will haue more of the Sent as more Fragrant And the Second more of the Tast as more bitter or Biting c. Infusions in Aire for so we may well call Odours haue the same diuersities with Infusions in VVater In that the seuerall Odours which are in one Flower or other Body issue at seuerall times Some earlier some later So we finde that Violetts Woodbines Strawberries yield a pleasing Sent that commeth forth first But soone after an ill Sent quite differing from the Former Which is caused not so much by Mellowing as by the late Issuing of the Grosser Spirit As we may desire to extract the finest Spirits in some Cases So we may desire also to discharge them as hurtfull in some other So VVine burnt by reason of the Evaporating of the finer Spirit enslameth lesse and is best in Agues Opium leeseth some of his poisonous Quallity if it be vapoured out mingled with Spirit of Wine or the like Sean leeseth somewhat of his windines by Decocting And generally subtile or windy Spirits are taken off by Incension or Evaporation And euen in Infusions in things that are of too high a Spirit you were better poure off the first Infusion after a small time and vse the latter BVbbles are in the forme of a Hemisphere Aire within and a little Skin of VVater without And it seemeth somewhat strange that the Aire should rise so swiftly while it is in the VVater And when it commeth to the topp should be staid by so weake a Couer as that of the Bubble is But as for the swift Ascent of the Aire while is vnder the VVater that is a Motion of Percussion from the VVater which it selfe descending driueth vpp the Aire and no Motion of Leuity in the Aire And this Democritus called Motus Plaga In this Common Experiment the Cause of the Enclosure of the Bubble is for that the Appetite to resist Separation or Discontinuance which in solide Bodies is strong is also in Liquours though fainter and weaker As wee see in this of the Bubble we see it also in little Glasses of Spittle that children make of Rushes And in Castles of Bubbles which they make by blowing into water hauing obtained a little Degree of Tenacity by Mixture of Soape Wee see it also in the Stillicides of water which if ther be water enough to follow will Drawe themselues into a small thredd because they will not discontinue But if ther be no Remedy then they cast themselues into round Dropps which is the Figure that saueth the Body most from Discontinuance The same Reason is of the Roundnes of the Bubble as well for the Skin of water as for the Aire within For the Aire likewise auoideth Discontinuance And therfore casteth it self into a Round Figure And for the stopp and Arrest of the Aire a little while it sheweth that the Aire of it selfe hath little or no Appetite of Ascending THE Reiection which I continually vse of Experiments though it appeareth not is infinit But yet if an Experiment be probable in the Worke and of great Vse I receyue it but deliuer it as doubtfull It was reported by a Sober Man that an Artificiall Spring may be made thus Finde out a hanging Ground wher ther is a good quick Fall of Raine-water Lay a Half-Trough of Stone of a good length 3. or 4. foote deep within the same Ground with one end vpon the high Ground the other vpon the lowe Couer the Trough with Brakes a good thicknes and cast Sand vpon the Topp of the Brakes You shall see saith he that after some showers are past the lower End of the Trough will runn like a Spring of water which is no maruaile if it hold while the Raine-water lasteth But he said it would continue long time after the Raine is past As if the water did multiply it self vpon the Aire by the helpe of the Coldnesse and Condensation of the Earth and the Consort of the first Water THE French which put off the Name of the French Disease vnto the Name of the Disease of Naples doe report that at the Siege of Naples ther were certaine wicked Merchants that Barrelled vpp Mans flesh of some that had been lately slaine in Barbary and sold it for Tunny And that vpon that foule and high Nourishment was the Originall of that Disease Which may well be For that it is certaine that the Caniballs in the West Indies eate Mans flesh And the West Indies were full of the Pockes when they were first discouered And at this day the Mortallest poisons practised by the West Indians haue some Mixture of the Bloud or Fatt or Flesh of Man And diuers Witches and Sorceresles aswell amongst the Heathen as amongst the Christians haue fedd vpon Mans flesh to aid as it seemeth their Imagination with High and foule Vapours IT seemeth that ther be these waies in likelihood of Version of Vapours or Aire into Water and Moisture
The first is Cold which doth manifestly Condense As wee see in the Contracting of the Aire in the Weather-Glasse whereby it is a Degree nearer to water Wee see it also in the Generation of Springs which the Ancients thought very probably to be made by the Version of Aire into water holpen by the Rest which the Aire hath in those Parts wherby it cannot dissipate And by the Coldnes of Rockes for ther Springs are chiefly generated Wee see it also in the Effects of the Cold of the Middle Region as they call it of the Aire which produceth Dews and Raines And the Experiment of Turning water into Ice by Snow Nitre and Salt wherof wee shall speake hereafter would be transferred to the Turning of Aire into Water The Second way is by Compression As in Stillatories wher the Vapour is turned back vpon it self by the Encounter of the Sides of the Stillatory And in the Dew vpon the Couers of Boyling Potts And in the Dew towards Raine vpon Marble and Wainscott But this is like to doe no great effect Except it be vpon Vapours and grosse Aire that are allready very neare in Degree to Water The Third is that which may be searched into but doth not yet appeare which is by Mingling of moist Vapours with Aire And trying if they will not bring a Returne of more Water then the water was at first For if so That Increase is a version of the Aire Therfore putt water into the Bottome of a Stillatory with the Nebb stopped Weigh the Water first Hang in the Middle of the Stillatory a large Spunge And see what Quantitie of Water you can crush out of it And what it is more or lesse compared with the water spent For you must vnderstand that if any Version can be wrought it will be easeliest done in small Pores And that is the Reason why wee prescribe a Spunge The Fourth way is Probable also though not Appearing Which is by Receiuing the Aire into the small Pores of Bodies For as hath been said euery thing in small Quantity is more easy for version And Tangible Bodies haue no pleasure in the Consort of Aire but endeauour to subact it into a more Dense Body But in Entire Bodies it is checked because if the Aire should Condense ther is nothing to succeed Therfore it must be in loose Bodies as Sand and Powder which wee see if they lye close of themselues gather Moisture IT is reported by some of the Ancients That Whelps or other Creatures if they be put Young into such a Cage or Boxe as they cannot rise to their Stature but may encrease in Breadth or length will growe accordingly as they can gett Roome which if it be true and faisible and that the young Creature so pressed and straightened doth not therupon die It is a Meanes to produce Dwarfe Creatures and in a very Strange Figure This is certaine and noted long since That the Pressure or Forming of Parts of Creatures when they are very young doth alter the Shape not a little As the Stroaking of the Heads of Infants between the Hands was noted of Old to make Macrocephali which shape of the Head at that time was esteemed And the Raising gently of the Bridge of the Nose doth preuent the Deformity of a Saddle Nose Which obseruation well weighed may teach a Meanes to make the Persons of Men and Women in many kindes more comely and better featured then otherwise they would be By the Forming and Shaping of them in their Infancy As by Stroaking vp the Calues of the Leggs to keepe them from falling downe too lowe And by Stroaking vp the Forehead to keepe them from being lowforeheaded And it is a common Practise to swath Infants that they may growe more straight and better shaped And wee see Young Women by wearing straight Bodies keepe themselues from being Grosse and Corpulent ONions as they hang will many of them shoot forth And so will Penniroiall And so will an Herb called Orpin with which they vse in the Country to trimme their Houses binding it to a Lath or Stick and setting it against a wall We see it like wise more especially in the greater Semper-vine which will put out Branches two or three yeares But it is true that commonly they wrapp the Root in a Cloth besmeared with Oyle and renue it once in halfe a Yeare The like is reported by some of the Ancients of the Stalks of Lillies The Cause is For that these Plants haue a Strong Dense and Succulent Moisture which is not apt to exhale And so is able from the old store without drawing helpe from the Earth to suffice the sprouting of the Plant And this Sprouting is chiefly in the late Spring or early Sommer which are the Times of Putting forth We see also that Stumps of Trtes lying out of the ground will put forth Sprouts for a Time But it is a Noble Triall and of very great Consequence to try whether these things in the Sprouting doe increase Weight which must be tried by weighing them before they be hangd vp And afterwards againe when they are sprouted For if they encrease not in Weight Then it is no more but this That what they send forth in the Sprout they leese in some other Part But if they gather Weight then it is Magnale Naturae For it sheweth that Aire may be made so to be Condensed as to be conuerted into a Dense Body wheras the Race and Period of all things here aboue the Earth is to extenuate and turne things to be more Penumaticall and Rare And not to be Retrograde from Pneumaticall to that which is Dense It sheweth also that Aire can Nourish which is another great Matter of Consequence Note that to try this the Experiment of the Semper-viue must be made without Oiling the Cloth For els it may be the Plant receiueth Nourishment from the Oile FLame and Aire doe not Mingle except it be in an Instant Or in the vitall Spiritts of vegetables and liuing Creatures In Gunpowder the Force of it hath been ascribed to Rarefaction of the Earthy Substance into Flame And thus farr it is true And then forfooth it is become another Element the Forme wherof occupieth more place And so of Necessity followeth a Dilatation And therfore lest two Bodies should be in one place ther must needes also follow an Expulsion of the pellet Or Blowing vp of the Mine But these are Crude and Ignorant Speculations For Flame if ther were nothing els except it were in very great quantity will be suffocate with any hard Body such as a Pellet is Or the Barrell of a Gunn So as the Flame would not expell the hard Body But the hard Body would kill the Flame and not suffer it to kindle or spread But the Cause of this so potent a Motion is the Nitre which wee call otherwise Salt-Petre which hauing in it anotable Crude and windy Spirit first by the Heate
of the Fire suddainly dilateth it self And wee knowe that simple Aire being preternaturally attenuated by Heate will make it self Roome and breake and blowe vp that which resisteth it And Secondly when the Nitre hath Dilated it self it bloweth abroad the Flame as an Inward Bellowes And therfore wee see that Brimstone Pitch Camphire Wilde-Fire and diuers other Inflammable Matters though they burne cruelly and are hard to quench Yet they make no such fiery winde as Gunpowder doth And on the other side wee see that Quick Siluer which is a most Crude and Watry Body heated and pent in hath the like force with Gunpowder As for liuing Creatures it is certaine their Vitall Spiritts are a Substance Compounded of an Airy and Flamy Matter And though Aire and Flame being free will not well mingle yet bound in by a Body that hath some fixing they will For that you may best see in those two Bodies which are their Aliments water and Oyle For they likewise will not well mingle of themselues but in the Bodies of Plants and liuing Creatures they will It is no maruaile therfore that a small Quantity of Spiritts in the Cells of the Braine and Canales of the Sinewes are able to moue the whole Body which is of so great Masse both with so great Force as in Wrestling Leaping And with so great Swiftnes As in playing Diuision vpon the Lute Such is the force of these two Natures Aire and Flame when they incorporate TAke a small waxe Candle and putt it in a Socket of Brasse or Iron Then sett it vpright in a Porringer full of Spirits of Wine heated Then sett both the Candle and Spiritt of Wine on fire and you shall see the Flame of the Candle open it self and become 4. or 5. times bigger then otherwise it would haue been and appeare in Figure Globular and not in Piramis You shall see also that the Inward Flame of the Candle keepeth Colour and doth not waxe any whitt blewe towardes the Colour of the Outward flame of the Spiritt of Wine This is a Noble Instance where in two things are most remarkable The one that one Flame within another quencheth not but is a fixed Body and continueth as Aire or Water doe And therefore Flame would still ascend vpwards in one greatnesse if it were not quenched on the Sides And the greater the Flame is at the Bottome the higher is the Rise The other that Flame doth not mingle with Flame as Aire doth with Aire or Water with Water but only remaineth contiguous As it commeth to passe betwixt Consisting Bodies It appeareth also that the forme of a Piramis in Flame which we vsually see is meerely by Accident and that the Aire about by quenching the Sides of the Flame crusheth it and extenuateth it into that Forme For of it selfe it would be Round And therefore Smoake is in the Figure of a Piramis Reuersed For the Aire quencheth the Flame and receiueth the Smoake Note also that the Flame of the Condle within the Flame of the Spirit of Wine is troubled And doth not onely open and moue vpwards but moueth wauing and to and fro As if Flame of his owne Nature if it were not quenched would rowle and turne as well as moue vpwards By all which it should seeme that the Caelestiall Bodies most of them are true Fires or Flames as the Stoicks held More fine perhaps and Rarified than our Flame is For they are all Globular and Determinate They haue Rotation And they haue the Colour and Splendour of Flame So that Flame aboue is Durable and Consistent and in his Naturall place But with vs it is a Stranger and Momentany and Impure Like Vulcan that haked with his Fall Take an Arrow and hold it in Flame for the space of ten pulses And when it commeth forth you shall finde those Parts of the Arrow which were on the Outsides of the Flame more burned blacked and turned almost into a Coale whereas that in the Middest of the Flame will be as if the Fire had scarce touched it This is an Instance of great consequence for the discouery of the Nature of Flame And sheweth manifestly that Flame burneth more violently towards the Sides than in the Middest And which is more that Heat or Fire is not violent or furious but where it is checked and pont And therfore the Peripatetickes howsoeuer their opinion of an Element of Fire aboue the Aire is iustly exploded in that Point they acquit themselues well For being opposed that if there were a Spbeare of Fire that incompassed the Earth so neare hand it were impossible but all things should be burnt vp They answer that the pure Elementall Fire in his owne place and not irritate is but of a Moderate Heat It is affirmed constantly by many as an vsuall Experiment That a Lampe of Vre in the Bottome of a Mine will be tumbled and stirred by two Mens strength which if you bring it to the Topp of the Earth will aske Six Mens strength at the least to stirre it It is a Noble Instance and is fit to be tried to the full For it is very probable that the Motion of Grauitie worketh weakly both farre from the Earth and also within the Earth The former because the Appetite of Vnion of Dense Bodies with the Earth in respect of the distance is more dull The latter because the Body hath in part attained his Nature when it is some Depth in the Earth For as for the Mouing to a Point or Place which was the Opinion of the Ancients it is a meere Vanity It is strange how the Ancients tooke vp Experiments vpon credit and yet did build great Matters vpon them The Obseruation of some of the best of them deliuered confidently is That a Vessell filled with Ashes will receiue the like quantity of Water that it would haue done if it had been empty But this is vtterly vntrue for the Water will not goe in by a Fifth part And I suppose that that Fifth part is the difference of the lying close or open of the Ashes As we see that Ashes alone if they be hard pressed will lye in lesse roome And so the Ashes with Aire betweene lye looser and with Water closer For I haue not yet found certainly that the Water it selfe by mixture of Ashes or Dust will shrinke or draw into lesse Roome It is reported of credit that if you lay good store of Kernells of Grapes about the Root of a Vine it will make the Vine come earlier and prosper better It may be tried with other Kernells laid about the Root of a Plant of the same kinde As Figgs Kernells of Apples c. The Cause may be for that the Kernells draw out of the Earth Iuice fit to nourish the Tree as those that would be Trees of themselues though there were no Root But the Root being of greater strength robbeth and deuoureth the Nourishment when they haue drawne it As great
greater Quantity moue Stock and in smaller Vrine And so contrariwise some that in greater Quantity moue Vrine and in Smaller Stoole Of the former sort is Rubarb and some others The Cause is for that Rubarb is a Medicine which the Stomach in a small Quantity doth digest and ouercome being not Flatuous nor Loathsome and so sendeth it to the Mesentery Veines And so being opening it helpeth downe Vrine But in a greater Quantitie the Stomach cannot ouercome it and so it goeth to the Gutts Pepper by some of the Ancients is noted to be of the second sort which being in small Quantity moueth wind in the Stomach and Gutts and so expelleth by Stoole But being in greater Quantity dissipateth the Wind And it selfe gotteth to the Mesentery veines And so to the Liuer and Reines where by Heating and Opening it sendeth downe Vrine more plentifully Wee haue spoken of Euacuating of the Body wee will now speake something of the Filling of it by Restoratines in Consumptions and Emaciating Diseases In Vegetables there is one Part that is more Nourishing than another As Graines and Roots nourish more than the Leaues In so much as the Order of the Foliatanes was put downe by the Pope as finding Leaues vnable to Nourish Mans Body Whether there be that difference in the Flesh of Liuing Creatures is not well inquired As whether Liuers and other Entrails be not more Nourishing than the Outward Flesh. We find that amongst the Romans a Gooses Liuer was a great Delicacy In so much as they had Artificiall Meanes to make it faire and great But whether it were more Nourishing appeareth not It is certaine that Marrow is more Nourishing than Fat. And I conceiue that some Decoction of Bones and Sinewes stamped and well strained would bee a very Nourishing Broth Wee finde also that Scotch Skinck which is a Pottage of strong Nourishment is made with the Knees and Sinewes of Bâ—est but long boiled letty also which they vse for a Restoratiue is chiefly made of Kâ—uckles of Veale The Pulp that is within the Crafish or Crabb which they spice and butter is more Nourishing than the Flesh of the Crabb or Crafish The Yolkes of Egges are clearely more Nourishing than the Whites So that it should seeme that the Parts of Liuing Creatures that lye more Inwards nourish more than the Outward Flesh Except it bee the Braine which the Spirits prey too much vpon to leaue it any great Vertue of Nourishing It seemeth for the Nourishing of Aged Men or Men in Consumptions some such thing should be Deuised as should be halfe Chylus before it be put into the Stomach Take two large Capons perboile them vpon a soft fire by the space of an houre or more till in effect all the Bloud be gone Adde in the Decoction the Pill of a Sweet Limon or a good part of the Pill of a Citron and a little Mace Cut off the Shanckes and throw them away Then with a good strong Chopping-knife mince the two Capons bones and all as small as ordinary Minced Meat Put them into a large neat Boulter Then take a Kilderkin sweet and well feasoned of foure gallons of Beere of 8. â— strength new as it commeth from the Tunning Make in the Kilderkin a great Bung-hole of purpose Then thrust into it the Boulter in which the Capons are drawne out in length Let it steepe in it three Dayes and three Nights the Bung-hole open to worke Then close the Bung-hole and so let it continue a Day and a halfe Then draw it into bottles and you may drinke it well after three dayes Botteling And it will last six weeks approued It drinketh fresh flowreth and mantleth exceedingly It drinketh not newish at all It is an excellent Drinke for a Consumption to be drunke either alone or Carded with some other Beere It quencheth Thirst and hath no whit of windinesse Note that it is not possible that Meat and Bread either in Broths or taken with Drink as is vsed should get forth into the veines and outward Parts so finely and easily as when it is thus Incorporate and made almost a Chylus aforehand Triall would bee made of the like Brew with Potado Roots or Burr Roots or the Pith of Artichoakes which are nourishing Meats It may be tried also with other flesh As Phesant Partridge Young Porke Pigge Venison especially of young Deere c. A Mortresse made with the Brawne of Capons stamped and strained and mingled after it is made with like quantitie at the least of Almond Butter is an excellent Meat to Nourish those that are weake Better than Blanck-Manger or Ielly And so is the Cullice of Cocks boyled thick with the like Mixture of Almond Butter For the Mortresse or Cullice of it selfe is more Sauoury and strong And not so fit for Nourishing of weake Bodies But the Almonds that are not of so high a taste as Flesh doe excellently qualifie it Indian Maiz hath of certaine an excellent Spirit of Nourishment But it must be throughly boyled and made into a Maiz-Creame like a Barley Creame I iudge the same of Rize made into a Creame For Rize is in Turky and other Countries of the East most fed vpon But it must be throughly boyled in respect of the Hardnesse of it And also because otherwise it bindeth the Body too much Pistachoes so they be good and not musty ioyned with Almonds in Almond Milke Or made into a Milke of themselues like vnto Almond Milke but more greene are an excellent Nourisher But you shall doe well to adde a little Ginger scraped because they are not without some subtill windinesse Milke warme from the Cow is found to be a great Nourisher and a good Remedy in Consumptions But then you must put into it when you milke the Cow two little bagges the one of Powder of Mint the other of Powder of Red Roses For they keepe the Milke somewhat from Turning or Crudling in the stomach And put in Sugar also for the same cause and partly for the Tasts sake But you must drinke a good draught that it may stay lesse time in the stomach left it Cruddle And let the Cup into which you milke the Cow bee set in a greater Cup of hot water that you may take it warme And Cow-milke thus prepared I iudge to be better for a Consumption than Asse-milke which it is true turneth not so easily but it is a little harrish Marry it is more proper for Sharpnesse of Vrine and Exulceration of the Bladder and all manner of Lenifyings Womans milke likewise is prescribed when all faile but I commend it not as being a little too neere the Iuyce of Mans Body to be a good Nourisher Except it be in Infants to whom it is Naturall Oyle of Sweet Almonds newly drawen with Sugar and a little Spice spread vpon Bread tosted is an Excellent Nourisher But then to keepe the Oyle from frying in the Stomach you must drinke a good draught of Milde Beere after
make the Humours passe readily And for the former of these Sirrups are most profitable And for the Latter Apozumes or Preparing Broaths Clisters also helpe lest the Medicine stop in the Guts and worke gripingly But it is true that Bodies abounding with Humours And fat Bodies And Open weather are Preparatines in themselues because they make the Humours more fluide But let a Physitian beware how he purge after hard Frostie Weather and in a Leane Body without Preparation For the Hurt that they may doe after Purging It is caused by the Lodging of some Humours in ill Places For it is certaine that there be Humours which somewhere placed in the Body are quiet and doe little hurt In other Places especially Passages doe much mischiefe Therefore it is good after Purging to vse Apozumes and Broths not so much Opening as those vsed before Purging but Absterfine and Mundifying Clisters also are good to conclude with to draw away the Reliques of the Humours that may haue descended to the Lower Region of the Body Bloud is stanched diuers waies First by Astringents and Repercussiue Medicines Secondly by Drawing of the Spirits and Bloud inwards which is done by Cold As Iron or a Stone laid to the neck doth stanch the Bleeding at the Nose Also it hath beene tryed that the Testicles being put into sharp Vineger hath made a suddaine Recesse of the Spirits and stanched Bloud Thirdly by the Recesse of the Bloud by Sympathy So it hath beene tried that the part that bleedeth being thrust into the Body of a Capon or Sheepe new ript and bleeding hath stanched Bloud The Bloud as it seemeth sucking and drawing vp by similitude of substance the Bloud it meeteth with and so it selfe going backe Fourthly by Custome and Time So the Prince of Aurange in his first hurt by the Spanish Boy could finde no meanes to stanch the Bloud either by Medicine or Ligament but was faine to haue the Orifice of the Wound stopped by Mens Thumbes succeeding one another for the space at least of two Dayes And at the last the bloud by Custome onely retired There is a fifth Way also in vse to let Bloud in an Aduerse Part for a Revulsion It helpeth both in Medicine and Aliment to Change and not to continue the same Medicine Aliment still The Cause is for that Nature by continuall Vso of any Thing groweth to a Sacietie and Dulnesse either of Appetite or Working And we see that Assuetude of Things Hurtfull doth make them leese their force to Hurt As Poyson which with vse some haue brought themselues to brooke And therefore it is no maruaile though Things helpfull by Custome leese their force to Helpe I count Intermission almost the same thing with Change For that that hath beene intermitted is after a fort new It is found by Experience that in Diets of Guaiacum Sarza and the like especially if they be strict the Patient is more troubled in the beginning then after continuance Which hath made some of the more delicate Sort of patients giue them ouer in the middest Supposing that if those Diets trouble them so much at first they shall not be able to endure them to the End But the Cause is for that all those Diets doe drie vp Humours Rheumes and the like And they cannot Drie vp vntil they haue first attenuated And while the Humour is attenuated it is more Fluid then it was before and troubleth the Body a great deale more vntill it be dried vp and consumed And therefore Patients must expect a due time and not checke at them at the first The Producing of Cold is a thing very worthy the Inquisition both for Vse and Disclosure of Causes For Heat and Cold are Natures two Hands whereby she chiefly worketh And Heat we haue in readinesse in respect of the Fire But for Cold we must staie till it commeth or seecke it in deepe Caues or high Mountaines And when all is done we cannot obtaine it in any great degree For Furnaces of Fire are farre hotter then a Sommers Sunne But Vaults or Hills are not much Colder then a Winters Frost The first Meanes of Producing Cold is that which Nature presenteth vs withall Namely the Expiring of Cold out of the Inward Parts of the Earth in Winter when the Sun hath no power to ouercome it the Earth being as hath beene noted by some Primum Frigidum This hath beene asserted as well by Auncient as by Moderne Philosophers It was the Tenet of Parmenides It was the opinion of the Authour of the discourse in Plutarch for I take it that booke was not Plutarches owne De prime Frigide It was the opinion of Telesius who hath renewed the Philosophy of Parmenides and is the best of the Nouellists The Second Cause of Cold is the Contact of Cold Bodies For Cold is Actiue and Transitiue into Bodies Adiacent as well as Heat which is seene in those things that are touched with Snow or Cold water And therefore whosoeuer will be an Inquirer into Nature let him resort to a Conseruatory of Snow and Ice Such as they vse for delicacy to coole Wine in Summer Which is a Poore and Contemptible vse in respect of other vses that may bee made of such Conseruatories The Third Cause is the Primary Nature of all Tangible bodies For it is well to be noted that all Things whatsoeuer Tangible are of themselues Cold Except they haue an Accessory Heat by fire Life or Motion For euen the Spirit of Wine or Chyâ—icall Oyles which are so hot in Operation are to the first Touch Cold And Aire it selfe compressed and Condensed a little by blowing is Cold. The Fourth Cause is the Density of the Body For all Dense Bodies are Colder then most other Bodies As Mettalls Stone Glasse And they are longer in Heating than Softer Bodies And it is certaine that Earth Dense Tangible hold all of the Nature of Cold. The Cause is for that all Matters Tangible being Cold it must needs follow that where the Matter is moist Congregate the Cold is the greater The Fifth Cause of Cold or rather of increase and vehemence of Cold is a Quicke Spirit inclosed in a Cold Body As will appeare to any that shall attentiuely consider of Nature in many Instances Wee see Nitre which hath a Quicke Spirit is Cold more Cold to the Tongue then a Stone So Water is Colder then Oile because it hath a Quicker Spirit For all Oile though it hath the Tangible Parts better digested then Water yet hath it a duller Spirit So Snow is Colder then Water because it hath more Spirit within it So we see that Salt put to Ice as in the producing of the Artificiall Ice increaseth the Actiuity of Cold So some Inâ—â—cta which haue Spirit of Life as Snakes and Silkwormes are to the touch Cold. So Quick-filuer is the Coldest of Mettals because it is Fullest of Spirit The Sixth Cause of Cold is the Chasing and Driuing away of Spirits
such as haue some Degree of Heat For the Banishing of the Heat must needs leaue any Body Cold. This we see in the Operation of Opium and Stupefactiues vpon the Spirits of liuing Creatures And it were not amisse to trie Opium by laying it vpon the Top of a Weather-glasse to see whether it will contract the Aire But I doubt it will not succeed For besides that the vertue of Opium will hardly penetrate thorow such a Body as Glasse I conceiue that Opium and the like make the Spirits fly rather by Malignity then by Cold. Seuenthly the same Effect must follow vpon the Exhaling or Drawing out of the warme Spirits that doth vpon the Flight of the Spirits There is an Opinion that the Moone is Magneticall of Heat as the Sun is of Cold and Moisture It were not amisse therefore to trie it with Warme waters The one exposed to the Beames of the Moone the other with some Skreene betwixt the Beames of the Moone and the water As we vse to the Sunne for Shade And to see whether the former will coole sooner And it were also good to inquire what other Meanes there may be to draw forth the Exile heat which is in the Aire for that may be a Secret of great Power to Produce Cold weather We haue formerly set downe the Meanes of turning Aire into water in the Experiment 27. But because it is Magnale Nature And tendeth to the subduing of a very great effect And is also of Manifold vse we will adde some Instances in Consort that giue light thereunto It is reported by some of the Ancients that Sailers haue vsed euery Night to hang Fleeces of wooll on the sides of their Ships the Wooll towards the water And that they haue crushed fresh Water out of them in the Morning for their vse And thus much we haue tried that a Quantitie of Wooll tied loose together being let downe into a deepe Well And hanging in the Middle some three Fathome from the water for a night in the Winter time increased in weight as I now remember to a fifth Part. It is reported by one of the Ancients that in Lydia neare Pergamus there were certaine Worke-men in time of Warres fled into Caues And the Mouth of the Caues being stopped by the Enemies they were famished But long time after the dead Bones were found And some Vessels which they had carried with them And the vessels full of Water And that Water thicker and more towards Ice than Common Water which is a Notable Instance of Condensation and Induration by Buriall under Earth in Caues for long time And of version also as it should seeme of Aire into Water if any of those vessels were Emptie Trie therefore a small Bladder hung in Snow And the like in Nitre And the like in Quick-filuer And if you finde the Bladders fallen or shrunke you may be sure the Aire is condensed by the Cold of those Bodies As it would be in a Caue vnder Earth It is reported of very good credit that in the East Indies if you set a Tub of Water open in a Roome where Cloues are kept it will be drawne dry in 24 houres Though it stand at some distance from the Cloues In the Countrey they vse many times in deceit when their wooll is new shorne to set some Pailes of water by in the same Roome to increase the weight of the wooll But it may be that the Heat of the Wooll remaining from the body of the Sheepe or the Heat gathered by the lying close of the wooll helpeth to draw the watry Vapour But that is nothing to the Version It is Reported also credibly that Wooll new shorne being laid casually vpon a Vessell of Verinyce after some time had drunke vp a great part of the Veriuyce though the Vessell were whole without any Flaw and had not the Bung-hole open In this Instance there is vpon the by to be noted the Percolation or Suing of the Veriuyce through the wood For Veriuyce of it selfe would neuer haue passed thorow the wood So as it seemeth it must be first in a kinde of Vapour before it passe It is especially to be noted that the Cause that doth facilitate the Version of Aire into water when the Aire is not in grosse but subtilly mingled with Tangible Bodies is as hath beene partly touched before for that Tangible Bodies haue an Antipathy with Aire And if they finde and Liquid Body that is more dense neare them they will draw it And after they haue drawne it they will condense it more and in effect incorporate it For wee see that a Spunge or Wooll or Sugar or a Woollen cloth being put but in part in Water or Wine will draw the Liquour higher and beyond the place where the Water or wine commeth We see also that Wood Lute-strings and the like doe swell in moist Seasons As appeareth by the Breaking of the Strings the Hard Turning of the Pegs and the Hard drawing forth of Boxes and Opening of Wainseet deeres which is a kinde of Infusion And is much like to an Infusion in water which will make wood to swell As we see in the Filling of the Chops of Boules by laying them in water But for that part of these Experiments which concerneth Attraction we will reserue it to the proper Title of Attraction There is also a Version of Aire into water seene in the Sweating of Marbles and other Stones And of Wainsces before and in moist weather This must be either by some Moisture the Body yeeldeth Or else by the Moist Aire thickned against the hard body But it is plaine that it is the latter For that we see Wood painted with Oyle Colour will sooner gather drops in a moist Night than Wood alone which is caused by the Smoothnesse and Closenesse which letteth in no part of the Vapour and so turneth it backe and thickeneth it into Dew We see also that Breathing vpon a Glasse or Smooth body giueth a Dew And in Frosty Mornings such as we call Rime frosts you shall finde drops of Dew vpon the Inside of Glasse-windowes And the Frost it selfe vpon the ground is but a Version or Condensation of the Moist vapours of the Night into a watry substance Dewes likewise and Raine are but the Returnes of Moist vapours Condensed The Dew by the Cold onely of the Sunnes departure which is the gentler Cold Raines by the Cold of that which they call the Middle Region of the Aire which is the more violent Cold. It is very probable as hath beene touched that that which will turne Water into Ice will likewise turne Aire Some Degree nearer vnto water Therefore trie the Experiment of the Artificiall Turning water into Ice whereof we shall speake in another place with Aire in place of water and the Ice about it And although it be a greater Alteration to turne Aire into water than water into Ice yet there is this Hope that by Continuing the Aire longer time
Reflexion being neare at hand returneth immediatly vpon the Originall and so iterateth it not but amplifieth it Therefore we see that Musicke vpon the water soundeth more And so likewise Musicke is better in Chambers Wainscotted than Hanged The Strings of a Lute or Violl or Virginalls doe giue a far greater Sound by reason of the Knot and Board and Concaue vnderneath than if there were nothing but onely the Flat of a Board without that Hollow and Knot to let in the Vpper Aire into the Lower The Cause is the Communication of the Vpper Aire with the Lower And Penning of both from Expence or Dispersing An Irish Harpe hath Open Aire on both sides of the Strings And it hath the Concaue or Belly not along the Strings but at the End of the Strings It maketh a more Resounding Sound than a Bandora Orpharion or Citterne which haue likewise Wire-strings I iudge the Cause to be for that Open Aire on both Sides helpeth so that there be a Concaue Which is therefore best placed at the End In a Virginall when the Lid is downe it maketh a more exile Sound than when the Lid is open The Cause is for that all Shutting in of Aire where there is no competent Vent dampeth the Sound Which maintaineth likewise the former Instance For the Belly of the Lute or Viâ—ll doth pen the Aire somewhat There is a Church at Glocester and as I haue heard the like is in some other places where if you speake against a Wall softly another shall heare your Voice better a good way off than neare hand Enquire more particularly of the Frame of that Place I suppose there is some Vault or Hollow or Isle behinde the Wall and some Passage to it towards the further end of that Wall against which you speake So as the Voice of him that speaketh slideth along the Wall and then entreth at some Passage and communicateth with the Aire of the Hollow For it is preserued somewhat by the plaine wall but that is too weake to giue a Sound Audible till it hath communicated with the backe Aire Strike vpon a Bowstring and lay the Horne of the Bow neare your Eare and it will encrease the Sound and make a degree of a Tone The Cause is for that the Sensory by reason of the Close Holding is percussed before the Aire disperseth The like is if yo hold the Horne betwixt your Teeth But that is a plaine Delation of the Sound from the Teeth to the Instrument of Hearing For there is a great Entercourse betweene those two Parts As appeareth by this That a Harsh Grating Tune setteth the Teeth on edge The like falleth out if the Horne of the Bow be put vpon the Temples But that is but the Slide of the Sound from thence to the Eare. If you take a Rod of Iron or Brasse and hold the one end to your Eare and strike vpon the other it maketh a fat greater Sound than the like Stroke vpon the Rod not so made Contiguous to the Eare. By which and by some other Instances that haue beene partly touched it should appeare That Sounds doe not onely slide vpon the Surface of a Smooth Body but doe also communicate with the Spirits that are in the Pores of the Body I remember in Trinity Colledge in Cambridge there was an Vpper Chamber which being thought weake in the Roofe of it was supported by a Pillar of Iron of the bignesse of ones Arme in the middest of the Chamber Which if you had strucke it would make a little flat Noise in the Roome where it was strucke But it would make a great Bombe in the Chamber beneath The Sound which is made by Buckets in a Well when they touch vpon the Water Or when they strike vpon the side of the Well Or when two Buckets dash the one against the other These Sounds are deeper and suller than if the like Percussion were made in the Open Aire The Cause is the Penning and Enclosure of the Aire in the Concaue of the Well Barrells placed in a Roome vnder the Floare of a Chamber make all Noises in the same Chamber more Full and Resounding So that there be fine wayes in generall of Maioration of Sounds Enclosure Simple Enclosure with Dilatation Communication Reflexion Concurrent and Approach to the Sensory For Exility of the Voice or other Sounds It is certaine that the Voice doth passe thorow Solide and Hard Bodies if they be not too thick And thorow Water which is likewise a very Close Body and such an one as letteth not in Aire But then the Voice or other Sound is reduced by such passage to a great Weaknesse or Exility If therefore you stop the Holes of a Howkes Bell it will make no Ring but a flat Noise or Rattle And so doth the Aëtites or Eagles Stone which hath a little Stone within it And as for Water it is a certaine Triall Let a Man goe into a Bath and take a Paile and turne the Bottome vpward and carry the Mouth of it Euen downe to the Leuell of the Water and so presse it downe vnder the Water some handfull and an halfe still keeping it euen that it may not tilt on either side so the Aire get out Then let him that is in the Bath diue with his Head so far vnder Water as he may put his Head into the Paile there wil come as much Aire bubling forth as will make Roome for his Head Then let him speak and any that shal stand without shal heare his Voice plainly but yet made extreme sharp and exile like the Voice of Puppets But yet the Articulate Sounds of the Words will not be coÌ„founded Note that it may be much more handsomely done if the Paile be put ouer the Mans head aboue Water and then he cowre downe and the Paile be pressed downe with him Note that a Man must kneele or sit that he may be lower than the Water A Man would thinke that the Sicilian Poet had knowledge of this Experiment For he saith That Hercules Page Hylas went with a Water-pot to fill it at a pleasant Fountaine that was neere the Shore and that the Nymphs of the Fountaine fell in loue with the Boy and pulled him vnder Water keeping him aliue And that Hercules missing his Page called him by his Name aloud that all the Shore rang of it And that Hylas from within the Water answered his Master But that which is to the present purpose with so small and exile a Voice as Hercules thought he had beene three miles off when the Fountaine indeed was fast by In Lutes and Instruments of Strings if you stop a String high whereby it hath lesse Scope to tremble the Sound is more Treble but yet more dead Take two Sawcers and strike the Edge of the one against the Bottome of the other within a Paile of Water And you shall finde that as you put the Sawcers lower and lower the Sound groweth more flat euen while Part
vpon the Water But then it will come to the Eare Not in the Instant of the Shooting off but it will come an Houre or more later This must needs be a Continuance of the First Sound For there is no Trepidation which should renew it And the Touching of the Ordnance would not extinguish the Sound the sooner So that in great Sounds the Continuance is more than Momentany To try exactly the time wherein Sound is Delated Let a Man stand in a Steeple and haue with him a Taper And let some Vaile be put before the Tapar And let another Man stand in the Field a Mile off Then let him in the Steeple strike the Bell And in the same Instant withdraw the Vaile And so let him in the Field tell by his Pulse what distance of Time there is betweene the Light seene and the Sound heards For it is certaine that the Delation of Light is in an Instant This may be tried in farre greater Distances allowing greater Lights and Sounds It is generally knowne and obserued that Light and the Obiect of Sight moue swifter than Sound For we see the Flash of a Peece is seene sooner than the Noise is heard And in Flewing wood if one be some distance off he shall see the Arme lifted vp for a second Stroke before he heare the Noise of the first And the greater the Distance the greater is the Preuention As we see in Thunder which is farre off where the Lightning Precedeth the Cracke a good space Colours when they represent themselues to the Eye fade not nor melt not by Degrees but appeare still in the same Strength But Sounds melt and vanish by little and little The Cause is for that Colours participate nothing with the Motion of the Aire but Sounds doe And it is a plaine Argument that Sound participateth of some Locall Motion of the Aire as a Cause Sinè quônon in that it perisheth so suddenly For in euery Section or Impulsion of the Aire the Aire doth suddenly restore and reunite it selfe which the Water also doth but nothing so swiftly In the Trialls of the Passage or Not Passage of Sounds you must take heed you mistake not the Passing By the Sides of a Body for the Passing thorow a Body And therefore you must make the Intercepting Body very close For Sound will passe thorow a small Chincke Where Sound passeth thorow a Hard or Close Body as thorow Water thorow a Wall thorow Metall as in Hawkes Bells stopped c. the Hard or Close Body must be but thinne and small For else it deadeth and extinguisheth the Sound vtterly And therefore in the Experiment of Speaking in Aire vnder Water the Voice must not be very deepe within the Water For then the Sound pierceth not So if you speake on the further side of a Close Wall if the Wall be very thicke you shall not be heard And if there were an Hogshead emptie whereof the Sides were some two Foot thicke and the Bunghole stopped I conceiue the Resounding Sound by the Communication of the Outward Aire with the Aire within would be little or none But onely you shall heare the Noise of the Outward Knocke as if the Vessell were full It is certaine that in the Passage of Sounds thorow Hard Bodies the Spirit of Pneumaticall Part of the Hard body it selfe doth cooperate But much better when the Sides of that Hard Body are strucke than when the Percussion is onely within without Touch of the Sides Take therefore a Hawkes Bell the holes stopped vp and hang it by a threed within a Bottle Glasse And stop the Mouth of the Glasse very close with Wax And then shake the Glasse and see whether the Bell giue any Sound at all or how weake But note that you must in stead of the Threed take a Wire Or else let the Glasse haue a great Belly lest when you shake the Bell it dash vpon the Sides of the Glasse It is plaine that a very Long and Downe-right Arch for the Sound to passe will extinguish the Sound quite So that that Sound which would be heard ouer a wall will not be heard ouer a Church Nor that Sound which will be heard if you stand some distance from the wall will be heard if you stand close vnder the Wall Soft and Foraminous Bodies in the first Creation of the Sound will dead it For the Striking against Cloth or Furre will make little Sound As hath beene said But in the Passage of the Sound they will admit it better than Harder Bodies As we see that Curtaines and Hangings will not stay the Sound much But Glasse-windowes if they be very Close will checke a Sound more than the like Thicknesse of Cloth Wee see also in the Rumbling of the Belly how easily the Sound passeth thorow the Guts and Skin It is worthy the Enquiry whether Great Sounds As of Ordnance or Bells become not more Weake and Exile when they passe thorow Small Crannies For the Subtilties of Articulate Sounds it may be may passe thorow Small Crannies not confused But the Magnitude of the Sound perhaps not so well The Mediums of Sounds are Aire Soft and Porous Bodies Also Water And Hard Bodies refuse not altogether to be Mediums of Sounds But all of them are dull and vnapt Deferents except the Airè In Aire the Thinner or Drier Aire carrieth not the Sound so well as the more Dense As appeareth in Night Sounds And Euening Sounds And Sounds in moist Weather and Southerne Winds The reason is already mentioned in the Title of Maioration of Sounds Being for that Thinne Aire is better pierced but Thicke Aire preserueth the Sound better from Wast Let further Triall be made by Hollowing in Mists and Gentle Showers For it may be that will somewhat dead the Sound How farreforth Flame may be a Medium of Sounds especially of such Sounds as are created by Aire and not betwixt Hard Bodies let it be tried in Speaking where a Bonsire is betweene But then you must allow for some disturbance the Noise that the Flame it selfe maketh Whether any other Liquours being made Mediums cause a Diuersity of Sound from Water it may be tried As by the Knapping of the Tongs Or Striking of the Bottome of a vessell filled either with Milke or with Oyle which though they be more light yet are they more vnequall Bodies than Aire Of the Natures of the Mediums we haue now spoken As for the Disposition of the said Mediums it doth consist in the Penning or not Penning of the Aire Of which we haue spoken before in the Title of Delation of Sounds It consisteth also in the Figure of the Concaue through which it passeth Of which we will speake next How the Figures of Pipes or Concaues through which Sounds passe Or of other Bodies deferent conduce to the Varietie and Alteration of the Sounds Either in respect of the Greater Quantitie or lesse Quantitie of Aire which the Concaues receiue Or in respect of
may leade to this great Effect And wee commend the wit of the Chineses who despaire of Making of Gold but are Mad vpon the Making of Siluer For certaine it is that it is more difficult to make Gold which is the most Ponderous and Materiate amongst Metalls of other Metalls lesse Ponderous and lesse Materiate than viâ versâ to make Siluer of Lead or Quick-Siluer Both which are more Ponderous than Siluer So that they need rather a further Degree of Fixation than any Condensation In the meanetime by Occasion of Handling the Axiomes touching Maturation we will direct a Triall touching the Maturing of Metalls and therby Turning some of them into Gold For we conceiue indeed that a perfect good Concoction or Disgestion or Maturation of some Metalls will produce Gold And here we call to minde that wee knew a Dutch-man that had wrought himselfe into the beleese of a great Person by vndertaking that he could make Gold Whose discourse was that Gold might be made But that the Alchymists Ouer-fired the Worke For he said the Making of Gold did require a very temperate Heat as being in Nature a Subterrany worke where little Heat commeth But yet more to the Making of Gold than of any other Metall And therefore that he would doe it with a great Lampe that should carry a Temperate and Equall Heat And that it was the Worke of many Moneths The Deuice of the Lampe was folly But the Ouer-firing now vsed And the Equall Heat to be required And the Making it a Worke of some good Time are no ill Discourses We resort therefore to our Axiomes of Maturation in Effect touched before The First is that there be vsed a Temporate Heat For they are euer Temperate Heats that Disgest and Mature Wherein we meane Temperate according to the Nature of the Subiect For that may be Temperate to Fruits and Liquours which will not worke at all vpon Metalls The Second is that the Spirit of the Metall be quickened and the Tangible Parts opened For without those two Operations the Spirit of the Metall wrought vpon will not be able to disgest the Parts The Third is that the Spirits doe spread themselues Euen and moue not Subsultorily For that will make the Parts Close and Pliant And this requireth a Heat that doth not rise and fall but continue as Equall as may be The Fourth is that no Part of the Spirit be emitted but detained For if there be Emission of Spirit the Body of the Metall will be Hard and Churlish And this will be performed partly by the Temper of the Fire And partly by the closenesse of the Vessell The Fifth is that there be Choice made of the likeliest and best Prepared Metall for the Version For that will facilitate the Worke. The Sixth is that you giue Time enough for the Worke Not to prolong Hopes as the Alchymists doe but indeed to giue Nature a conuenient Space to worke in These Principles are most certaine and true Wee will now deriue a direction of Triall out of them Which may perhaps by further Meditation be improued Let there be a Small Furnace made of a Temperate Heat Let the Heat be such as may keepe the Metall perpetually Moulten and no more For that aboue all importeth to the Worke. For the Materiall take Siluer which is the Metall that in Nature Symbolizeth most with Gold Put in also with the Siluer a Tenth Part of Quick-siluer and a Twelfth Part of Nitre by weight Both these to quicken and open the Body of the Metall And so let the Worke be continued by the Space of Six Moneths at the least I wish also that there be at some times an Iniection of some Oyled Substance Such as they vse in the Recouering of Gold which by Vexing with Separations hath beene made Churlish And this is to lay the Parts more Close and Smooth which is the Maine Worke. For Gold as we see is the Closest and therefore the Heauiest of Metalls And is likewise the most Flexible and Tensible Note that to thinke to make Gold of Quick-Siluer because it is the heauiest is a Thing not to be hoped For Quick-Siluer will not endure the Mannage of the Fire Next to Siluer I thinke Copper were fittest to bee the Materiall Gold hath these Natures Greatnesse of Weight Closenesse of Parts Fixation pliantâ—esse or Softnesse Immunity from Rust Colour or Tincture of Yellow Therfore the Sure Way though most about to make Gold is to know the Causes of the Seuerall Natures before rehearsed and the Axiomes concerning the same For if a Man can make a Metall that hath all these Properties Let Men dispute whether it be Gold or no The Enducing and Accelerating of Putrefaction is a Subiect of a very Vniuersall Enquiry For Corruption is a Reciprocall to Generation And they Two are as Natures two Termes or Bundaries And the Guides to Life and Death Putrefaction is the Worke of the Spirits of Bodies which euer are Vnquiet to Get forth and Congregate with the Aire and to onioy the Sun-beames The Getting forth or Spreading of the Spirits which is a Degree of Getting forth hath fine Differing Operations If the Spirits be detained within the Body and moue more violently there followeth Colliquation As in Metalls c. If more Mildely there followeth Disgestion or Maturation As in Drinkes and Fruits If the Spirits be not meerely Detained but Protrude a little and that Motion be Confused and Inordinate there followeth Putrefaction Which euer dissolueth the Consistence of the Body into much Inequality As in Flesh Rotten Fruits Shining Wood c. And also in the Rust of Metalls But if that Motion be in a certaine Order there followeth Viuification and Figuration As both in Liuing Creatures bred of Putrefaction and in Liuing Creatures Perfect But if the Spirits issue out of the Body there followeth Deficcation Induration Consumption c. As in Bricke Euaporation of Bodies Liquid c. The Meanes to Enduce and Accelerate Putrefaction are First by Adding some Crude pr Watry Moisture As in Wetting of any Flesh Fruit Wood with Water c. For contrariwise Vnctuous and Oyly Substances preserue The Second is by Inuitation or Excitation As when a Rotten Apple lyeth close to another Apple that is Sound Or when Dung which is a substance already Putrified is added to other Bodies And this is also notably seene in Church-yards where they bury much Where the Earth will consume the Corps in farre shorter time than other Earth will The Third is by Closenesse and Stopping which detaineth the Spirits in Prison more than they would And thereby irritateth them to seeke Issue As in Corne and Cloaths which waxe Musty and therefore Open Aire which they call Aer perstabilis doth preserue And this doth appeare more Euidently in Agnes which come most of them of Obstructions and Penning the Humours which thereupon Putrisie The Fourth is by Solution of Continuity As we see an Apple will rot sooner if it
Corruption So we finde that Salt-water corrupteth not so soone as Fresh And Salting of Oisters and Powdring of Meat keepeth them from Putrefaction It would be tried also whether Chalke put into Water or Drinke doth not preserue it from Putrefying or speedy Souring So wee see that Strong Beere will last longer than Small And all Things that are hot and Aromaticall doe helpe to preserue Liquours or Powders c. Which they doe as well by Strengthning the Spirits as by Soaking out the loose Moisture The Seuenth is Separation of the Cruder Parts and thereby making the Body more Equall for all vnperfect Mixture is apt to Putrefie And Watry Substances are more apt to Putrefie than Oyly So we see Distilled Waters will last longer than Raw waters And Things that haue passed the Fire doe last longer than those that haue not passed the Fire As Dried Peares c. The Eighth is the Drawing forth continually of that part where the Putrefaction beginneth Which is commonly the Loose and watry Moisture Not onely for the Reason before giuen that it prouoketh the Radicall Moisture to come forth with it But because being detained in the Body the Putrefaction taking hold of it insecteth the rest As we see in the Embalming dead Bodies And the same Reason is of Preseruing Herbs or Fruits or Flowers in Branne or Meale The Ninth is the Commixiture of any Thing that is more Oily or Sweet For such Bodies are least apt to Putrefie the Aire working little vpon them And they not putrefying preserue the rest And therefore we see Syrrups and Ointments will last longer than Iuyces The Tenth is the Commixture of somewhat that is Dry For Putrefaction beginneth first from the Spirits And then from the Moisture And that that is dry is vnapt to puttrefie And therefore Smoake preserueth Flesh As wee see in Bacon and Neats-Tongues and Martlemas Beese c. The Opinion of some of the Ancients that Blowne Aires doe preserue Bodies longer than other Aires seemeth to Mee Probable For that the Blowne Aires being Ouer-charged and Compressed will hardly receiue the Exhaling of any Thing but rather repulse it It was tried in a Blowne Bladder whereinto Flesh was put and likewise a Flower and it sorted not For Dry Bladders will not Blow And New Bladders rather further Putrefaction The way were therfore blow strongly with a Paire of Bellowes into a Hogshead putting into the Hogshead before that which you would haue preserued And in the instant that you withdraw the Bellowes stop the Hole close The Experiments of Wood that Shineth in the Darke we haue diligently driuen and pursued The rather for that of all Things that giue Light here below it is the most Durable And hath least Apparent Motion Fire and Flame are in continuall Expence Sugar shineth onely while it is in Scraping And Salt-water while it is in Dashing Glowing â—â—es haue their Shining while they liue or a little after Onely Scales of Fishes Putrified seeme to be of the same Nature with Shining Wood And it is true that all Putrefaction hath with it an Inward Motion as well as Fire or Light The Triall sorted thus 1. The Shining is in some Peeces more Bright in some more Diâ—â—â— but the most Bright of all doth not attaine to the Light of a Glow-wâ—â—â—â— 2. The Woods that haue beene tried to shine are chiefly Sallow and Willow Also the Aâ—â— and Husle It may be it holdeth in others 3. Both Roots and Bodies doe shine but the Roots better 4. The Colour of the Shining Part by Day-light is in some Peeces White in some Peeces inclining to Red Which in the Countrey they call the White and Red Garret 5. The Part that Shineth is for the most part somewhat Safe and Moist to feele to But some was sound to be Firme and Hard So as it might be figured into a Crosse or into Beads c. But you must not looke to haue an Image or the like in any Thing that is Lightsome For euen a face in Iron red Hot will not be seene the Light confounding the small differences of Lightsome and Darksome which shew the figure 6. There was the Shining Part pared off till you came to that that did not Shine But within two Dayes the Part Contiguous began also to Shine being laid abroad in the Dew So as it seemeth the Putrefaction spreadeth 7. There was other dead Wood of like kinde that was Laid abroad which Shined not at the first But after a Nights lying abroad began to Shine 8. There was other Wood that did First Shine And being laid dry in the House within fiue or six daies Lost the Shining And laid abroad againe Recouered the Shining 9. Shining woods being laid in a Dry Roome within a Seuen night lose their Shining But being laid in a Cellar or Darke Roome kept the Shining 10. The Boring of Holes in that kinde of Wood and then laying it abroad seemeth to conduce to make it Shine The Cause is for that all Solution of Continuity doth helpe on Putrefaction as was touched before 11. No Wood hath beene yet tried to Shine that was cut downe aliue but such as was Rotted both in Stocke and Root while it grew 12. Part of the Wood that Shined was Steeped in Oyle and retained the Shining a Forthnight 13. The like succeeded in some Steeped in Water and much better 14. How long the Shining will continue if the Wood be laid abroad euery Night and taken in and Sprinckled with Water in the Day is not yet tryed 15. Triall was made of laying it abroad in Frostie weather which hurt it not 16. There was a great Peece of a Root which did shine and the Shining Part was Cut off till no more Shined Yet after two Nights though it were kept in a drie Roome it got a Shining The Bringing forth of liuing Creatures may be accelerated in two Respects The one if the Embryon ripeneth and perfecteth sooner The other if there be some Cause from the Mothers Body of Expulsion or Putting it downe whereof the Former is good and argueth Strength The Latter is ill and commeth by Accident or Disease And therefore the Ancient Obseruation is true that the Childe borne in the Seuenth Moâ—â—â—th doth commonly well But Borne in the Eighth Moneth doth for the most part die But the Cause assigned is Fabulous Which is that in the Eighth Moneth should be the Returne of the Raigne of the Planet Saturne which as they say is a Planet Maligne whereas in the Seuenth is the Raigne of the Moone which is a Planet Propitious But the true Cause is for that where there is so great a Preuention of the Ordinary time it is the lustinesse of the Childe But when it is lesse it is some Indisposition of the Mother To Accelerate Growth or Stature it must proceed Either from the Plentie of the Nourishment Or from the Nature of the Nourishment Or from the Quickening and Exciting of the Naturall Heat
Mouldie or Rotten but were become a little harder than they were Otherwise fresh in their Colour But their Iuyce somewhat flatted But with the Buriall of a Forthnight more they became Putrified A Bottle of Beere buried in like manner as before became more liuely better tasted and Clearer than it was And a Bottle of Wine in like manner A Bottle of Vinegar so buried came forth more liuely and more Odoriferous smelling almost like a Violet And after the whole Moneths Buriall all the Three came forth as fresh and liuely if not better than before It were a profitable Experiment to presrue Orenges Limons and Pomgranates till Summer For then their Price will be mightily increased This may be done if you put them in a Pot or Vessell well couered that the Moisture of the Earth come not at them Or else by putting them in a Conseruatorie of Snow And generally whosoeuer will make Experiments of Cold let him be prouided of three Things A Conseruatorie of Snow A good large Vault twenty foot at least vnder the Ground And a Deepe Well There hath beene a Tradition that Pearle and Coraâ— and TurchoisStone that haue lost their Colours may be recouered by Burying in the Earth Which is a thing of great profit if it would sort But vpon Triall of Six Weekes Buriall there followed no Effect It were good to trie it in a Deepe Well Or in a Conseruatory of Snow where the Cold may be more Constringent And so make the Body more vnited and thereby more Resplendent Mens Bodier are heauier and lesse disposed to Motion when Sâ—â—ther â—â— Winds blow than when Northerne The Cause is for that when the Southerne Winds blow the Humours doe in some Degree melt and waxe fluide and so flow into the Parts As it is seene in Wood and other Bodies which when the Southerne Winds blow doe swell Besides the Motion and Actiuity of the Body consisteth chiefly in the Sinewes which when the Southerne Wind bloweth are more relaxe It is commonly seene that more are Sick in the Summer and more Dye in the Winter Except it be in Peslilent Diseases which commonly raigne in Summer or Autumne The Reason is because Diseases are bred indeed chiefly by Heat But then they are Cured most by Sweat and Purge which in the Summer commeth on or is prouoked more Easily As for Pestilent Diseases the Reason why most Dye of them in Summer is because they are bred most in the Summer For otherwise those that are touched are in most Danger in the Winter The Generall Opinion is that Yeares Hot and Moist are most Pestilent Vpon the Superficiall Ground that Heat and Moisture cause Putrefaction In England it is found not true For many times there haue beene great Plagues in Dry Yeares Whereof the Cause may be for that Drought in the Bodies of Islanders habituate to Moist Aires doth Exasperate the Humours and maketh them more apt to Putrifie or Enflame Besides it tainteth the Waters commonly and maketh them lesse wholesome And againe in Barbary the Plagues breake vp in the Summer-moneths when the Weather is Hot and Dry. Many Diseases both Epidemicall and others breake forth at Particular times And the Cause is falsely imputed to the Constitution of the Aire at that time when they breake forth or raigne whereas it procâ—edeth indeed from a Precedent Sequence and Series of the Seasons of the Yeare And therefore Hippocrates in his Prognosticks doth make good Obseruations of the Diseases that ensue vpon the Nature of the Precedent foure Seasons of the Yeare Triall hath beene made with Earthen Bottles well stopped hanged in a Well of Twenty Fathome deepe at the least And some of the Bettles haue beene let downe into the Water some others haue hanged aboue within about a fathome of the Water And the Liquours so tried haue beene Beere not New but Ready for drinking and Wine and Milke The Proofe hath beene that both the Beere and the Wine as well within Water as aboue haue not beene palled or deaded at all But as good or somewhat better than Bottles of the same Drinks and Stalenesse kept in a Celler But those which did hang aboue Water were apparently the best And that Beere did flower a little whereas that vnder Water did not though it were Fresh The Milke sowred and began to Purrifie Neuerthelosse it is true that there is a Village neare Blois where in Deepe Canes they doe thicken Milke In such sort that it becommeth very pleasant Which was some Cause of this Triall of Hanging Milke in the Well But our proofe was naught Neither doe I know whether that Milke in those Caues be first boysed It were good therefore to try it with Milke Sodden and with Creame For that Milke of it selfe is such a Compound Body of Creame Curds and Whey as it is easâ—ly Turned and Dissolued It were good also to try the Beere when it is in Wort that it may be seene whether the Hanging in the Well will Accelerate the Ripening and Clarifying of it Diuers we see doe Stut The Cause may be in most the Refrigeration of the Tongue Whereby it is lesse apt to moue And therfore we see that Naturalls doe generally Stut And we see that in those that Stut if they drinke Wine moderately they Stut lesse because it heateth And so we see that they that Stut doe Stut more in the first Offer to speake than in Continuance Because the Tongue is by Motion somewhat heated In some also it may be though rarely the Drinesse of the Tongue which likewise maketh it lesse apt to moue as well as Cold For it is an Affect that commeth to some Wise and Great Men As it did vnto Moses who was Lingâ—epr apedita And many Stutters we finde are very Cholericke Men Choler Enducing a Drinesse in the Tongue Smells and other Odours are Sweeter in the Aire at some Distance than neare the Nose As hath beene partly touched heretofore The Cause is double First the finer Mixture or Incorporation of the Smell For we see that in Sounds likewise they are Sweetest when we cannot heare euery Part by it selfe The other Reason is for that all Sweet Smells haue ioyned with them some Earthy or Crude Odours And at some distance the Sweet which is the more Spirituall is Perceiued And the Earthy reacheth not so farre Sweet Smells are most forcible in Dry Substances when they are Broken And so likewise in Orenges or Limons the Nipping of their Rinde giueth out their Smell more And generally when Bodies are Moued or Stirred though not Broken they Smell more As a SweetBagge waued The Cause is double The one for that there is a Greater Emission of the Spirit when Way is made And this holdeth in the Breaking Nipping or Crushing It holdeth also in some Degree in the Mouing But in this last there is a Conâ—urrence of the Second Cause Which is the Impulsion of the Aire that bringeth the Sent
with Water in them will not Melt easily But without it they will Nay wee see more that Butter or Oyle which in themselues are Inflammable yet by Vertue of their Moisture will doe the like It hath beene noted by the Ancients that it is dangerous to Picke ones Eare whilest he Yawneth The Cause is for that in Yawning the Inner Parchment of the Eare is extended by the Drawing in of the Spirit and Breath For in Yawning and Sighing both the Spirit is first strongly Drawne in and then strongly Expelled It hath beene obserued by the Ancients that Sneezing doth cease the Hiccough The Cause is for that the Motion of the Hiccough is a Lifting vp of the Stomacke which Sneezing doth somewhat depresse and diuert the Motion another way For first wee see that the Hiccough commeth of Fulnesse of Meat especially in Children which causeth an Extension of the Stomacke Wee see also it is caused by Acide Meats or Drinkes which is by the Pricking of the Stomacke And this Motion is ceased either by Diuersion Or by Detention of the Spirits Diuersion as in Sneezing Detention as wee see Holding of the Breath doth helpe somewhat to cease the Hiccough And putting a Man into an Earnest Studie doth the like As is commonly vsed And Vinegar put to the Nostbrills or Gargarized doth it also For that it is Astringent and inhibiteth the Motion of the Spirits Looking against the Sunne doth induce Sneezing The Cause is not the Heating of the Nosthrills For then the Holding vp of the Nosthrills against the Sunne though one Winke would doe it But the Drawing downe of the Moisture of the Braine For it will make the Eyes run with Water And the Drawing of Moisture to the Eyes doth draw it to the Nosthrills by Motion of Consent And so followeth Sneezing As contrariwise the Tickling of the Nosthrills within doth draw the Moisture to the Nosthrills and to the Eyes by Consent For they also will Water But yet it hath beene obserued that if one be about to Sneeze the Rubbing of the Eyes till they run with Water will preuent it Where of the Cause is for that the Humour which was descending to the Nosthrills is diuerted to the Eyes The Teeth are more by Cold Drinke or the like affected than the other Parts The Cause is double The One for that the Resistance of Bone to Cold is greater than of Flesh for that Flesh shrinketh but the Bone resisteth whereby the Cold becommeth more eager The Other is for that the Teeth are Parts without Bloud Whereas Bloud helpeth to qualifie the Cold And therefore wee see that the Sinnewes are much affected with Cold For that they are Parts without Bloud So the Bones in Sharpe Colds wax Brittle And therefore it hath beene seene that all Contusions of Bones in Hard Weather are more difficult to Cure It hath been noted that the Tongue receiueth more easily Tokens of Diseases than the other Parts As of Heats within which appeare most in the Blacknesse of the Tongue Againe Pied Cattell are spotted in their Tongues c. The Cause is no doubt the Tendernesse of the Part which thereby receiueth more easily all Alterations than any other Parts of the Flesh. When the Mouth is out of Taste it maketh Things taste sometimes Salt Chiefly Bitter And sometimes Loathsome But neuer Sweet The Cause is the Corrupting of the Moisture about the Tongue Which many times turneth Bitter and Salt and Loathsome But Sweet neuer For the rest are Degrees of Corruption It was obserued in the Great Plague of the last Yeare that there were seene in diuers Ditches and low Grounds about London many Toads that had Tailes two or three Inches long at the least Whereas Toads vsually haue no Tailes at all Which argueth a great Disposition to Putrefaction in the Soile and Aire It is reported likewise that Roots such as Carrets and Parsuips are more Sweet and Lushious in Infectious Yeares than in other Yeares Wife Physitians should with all diligence inquire what Simples Nature yeeldeth that haue extreme Subtile Parts without any Mordication or Acrimony For they Vndermine that which is Hard They open that which is Stopped and Shut And they expell that which is Offensive gently without too much Perturbation Of this Kinde are Elder-Flowers which therefore are Proper for the Stone Of this kinde is the DwarfePine which is Proper for the laundies Of this kinde is Harts-Horne which is Proper for Agues and Infections Of this kinde is Piony which is Proper for Stoppings in the Head Of this kinde is Fumitory which is Proper for the Splâ—â—â—e And a Number of Others Generally diuers Creatures bred of Putrefaction though they be somewhat loathsome to take are of this kinde As Earth-wormes Timber-Sowes Snailes c. And I conceiue that the Trechischs of Vipers which are so much magnified and the Flesh of Snakes some wayes condited and corrected which of late are growne into some Credite are of the same Nature So the Parts of Beasts Putrified as Castereum and Muske which haue extreme Subtill Parts are to be placed amongst them We see also that Patrefactions of Plants as Agarichs and lewes â—â—â—â— are of greatest Vertue The Cause is for that Putrefection is the Subtillest of all Motions in the Parts of Bodies And since we cannot take downe the Lines of Liuing Creatures which some of the â—â—â— say If they could be taken downe would make vs Immortall the Next is for Subtilty of Operation to take Bodies Putresied Such as may be safely taken It hath beene obserued by the Ancients that Much vse of Venus doth Dimme the Sight And yet Eunuchs which are vnable to generate are neuerthelesse also Dimme Sighted The Cause of Dimnesse of Sight in the Former is the Expence of Spirts In the Latter the Ouer-moisture of the Braine For the Ouer-moisture of the Braine doth thicken the Spirits Visuall and obstructeth their Passages As we see by the Decay in the Sight in Age Where also the Diminution of the Spirits concurreth as another Cause we see also that Blindnesse commeth by Rheumes and â—â—â— Now in â—â—â— there are all the Notes of Moisture As the Swelling of their Thighes the Loosenesse of their Belly the Smoothnesse of their Skinne c. The Pleasure in the Act of Venus is the greatest of the Pleasures of the Senses The Matching of it with Itch is vnproper though that also be Pleasing to the touch But the Conses are Profound First all the Organe of the Senses qualifie the Nations of the Spirits And make so many Seuerall Species of Motions and Pleasures or Displeasures thereupon as there be Dinersitics of Organs The Instruments of Sight Hearing Taste and Smell are of seuerall frame And so are the Parts for Generation Therefore Sealiger doth well to make the Pleasure of Generation a Sixth Sense And if there were any other differing Organs and Qualified Perfraction for the spirits to passe there would be
more than the Fiue Senses Neither doe we well know whether some Beasts and Birds haue not Senses that we know not And the very some of Dogs is almost a sense it selfe Secondly the Pleasures of the Touch are greater and deeper than those of the other Senses As we see in Warming vpon Cold Or Refrigeration vpon Heat For as the Paines of the Touch are greater than the Offences of other Sense So likewise are the Pleasures It is true that the Affecting of the Spirits immediately and as it were without an Organ is of the greatest Pleasure Which is but in two things Sweet Smells And Wine and the like Sweet Vapours For Smells wee see their great and sudden Effect in fetching Men againe when they swoune For Drinke it is certaine that the Pleasure of Drunkennesse is next the Pleasure of Venus And Great Ioyes likewise make the Spirits moue and touch themselues And the pleasure of Venus is somewhat of the same Kinde It hath beene alwayes obserued that Men are more inclined to Venus in the Winter and Women in the Summer The Cause is for that the Spirits in a Body more Hot and dry as the Spirits of Men are by the Summer are more exhaled and dissipated And in the Winter more condensed and kept entire But in Bodies that are Cold and Moist as Womens are the Summer doth Cherish the Spirits and calleth them forth the Winter doth dull them Furthermore the Abstinence or Intermission of the Vse of Venus in Moist and Well Habituate Bodies breedeth a Number of Diseases And especially dangerous Impostumations The Reason is euident For that it is a Principall Euacuation especially of the Spirits For of the Spirits there is scarce any Euacuation but in Venus and Exercise And therefore the Omission of either of them breedeth all Diseases of Repletion The Nature of Viuification is very worthy the Enquiry And as the Nature of Things is commonly better perceiued in Small than in Great and in vnperfect than in perfect and in Parts than in whole So the Nature of Viuification is best enquired in Creatures bred of Putrefaction The Contemplation whereof hath many Excellent Fruits First in Disclosing the Originall of of Viuification Secondly in Disclosing the Originall of Figuration Thirdly in Disclosing many Things in the Nature of Perfect Creatures which in them lye more hidden And Fourthly in Traducing by way of Operation some Obseruations in the Insecta to worke Effects vpon Perfect Creatures Note that the word Insecta agreeth not with the Matter but we euer vse it for Breuities sake intending by it Creatures bred of Putrefaction The Insecta are found to breed out of seuerall Matters Some breed of Mud or Dung As the Earth-wormes Eeles Snakes c. For they are both Putrefactions For Water in Mud doth Puttifie as not able to Preserue it selfe And for Dung all Excrements are the Refuse and Putrefactions of Nourishment Some breed in Wood both Growing and Cut down Quare in what Woods most and at what Seasons We see that the Worms with many Feet which round themselues into Balls are bred chiefly vnder Logs of Timber but not in the Timber And they are said to be found also many times in Gardens where no Logs are But it seemeth their Generation requireth a Couerture both from Sunne and Raine or Dew As the Timber is And therfore they are not Venemous but contrariwise are held by the Physitians to clarifie the Bloud It is obserued also that Cimices are found in the Holes of Bed-Sides Some breed in the Haire of Liuing Creatures As Lice and Tikes which are bred by the Sweat close kept and somewhat are fied by the Haire The Excrements of Liuing Creatures do not only breed Insecta when they are Excerned but also while they are in the Body As in Wormes whereto Children are most subiect and are chiefly in the Guts And it hath beene lately obserued by Physitians that in many Pestilent Diseases there are Wormes found in the vpper Parts of the Body where Excrements are not but onely Humours Putrified Fleas breed Principally of Straw or Mass where there hath beene a little Moisture Or the Chamber and Bed-straw kept close and not Aired It is receiued that they are killed by Strewing Worme-wood in the Rooms And it is truly obserued that Bitter Things are apt rather to kill than engender Putrefaction And they be Things that are Fat or Sweet that are aptest to Putrifie There is a Worme that breedeth in Meale of the shape of a large white Magget which is giuen as a great Dainty to Nightingales The Moath breedeth vpon Cloth and other Lanifices Especially if they be laid vp dankish and wet It delighteth to be about the Flame of a Candle There is a Worme called a Wenill brad vnder Ground and that feedeth vpon Roots As Parsnips Carrets c. Some breed in Waters especially shaded but they must be Standing-waters As the Water-Spider that hath six Legs The Fly called the Oad-fly breedeth of somewhat that Swimmeth vpon the Top of the Water and is most about Ponds There is a Worme that breedeth of the Dregs of Wine Decayed which afterwards as is obserued by some of the Ancients turneth into a Gnat. It hath bin obserued by the Ancients that there is a Worme that breedeth in old Snow and is of Colour Reddish and dull of Motion and dieth soone after it commeth out of Snow Which should shew that Snow hath in it a secret Warmth For else it could hardly Viuisie And the Reason of the Dying of the Worme may be the sudden Exhaling of that little Spirit as soone as it commeth out of the Cold which had shut it in For as Butterflies quicken with Heat which were benummed with Cold So Spirits may exhale with Heat which were Preserued in Cold. It is affirmed both by Ancient and Moderne Obseruation that in Furnaces of Copper and Brasse where Chalcites which is Vitrioll is often cast in to mend the working there riseth suddenly a Fly which sometimes moueth as if it tooke hold on the walls of the Furnace Sometimes is seene mouing in the Fire below And dieth presently as soone as it is out of the Furnace Which is a Noble Instance and worthy to be weighed for it sheweth that as well Violent Heat of Fire as the Gentle Heat of Liuing Creatures will Viuifie if it haue Matter Proportionable Now the great Axiome of Viuification is that there must be Heat to dilate the Spirit of the Body An Actiue Spirit to be dilated Matter Viscous or Tenacious to hold in the Spirit And that Matter to be put forth and Figured Now a Spirit dilated by so ardent a Fire as that of the Furnace as soone as euer it cooleth neuer so little congealeth presently And no doubt this Action is furthered by the Chalcites which hath a Spirit that will Put forth and germinate as we see in Chymicall Trialls Briefly most Things Putrified bring forth Insecta of seuerall Names But wee will
not take vpon vs now to Enumerate them all The Insecta haue beene noted by the Ancients to feed little But this hath not beene diligently obserued For Grashoppers eat vp the Greene of whole Countries And Silke-wormes deuoure Leaues swiftly And Ants make gret Prouision It is true that Creatures that Sleepe and rest much Eat little As Dormise and Bats c. They are all without Bloud Which may be for that the Iuyce of their Bodies is almost all one Not Bloud and Flesh and Skin and Bone as in Perfect Creatures The Integrall Parts haue Extreme Variety but the Similar Parts little It is true that they haue some of them a Disphragme and an Intestine And they haue all Skins Which in most of the Insecta are cast often They are not generally of long Life Yet Bees haue beene knowne to liue seuen yeares And Snakes are thought the rather for the Casting of their Spoils to liue till they be Old And Eeles which many times breed of Putrefaction will liue and grow very long And those that Enterchange from Wormes to Flyes in the Summer and from Flyes to Wormes in the Winter haue beene kept in Boxes oure kyears at the least Yet there are certain Flyes that are called Ephemera that liue but a day The Cause is the Exility of the Spirit Or perhaps the Absence of the Sunne For that if they were brought in or kept close they might liue longer Many of the Insecta as Butterflies and other Flies reuiue easily when they seeme dead being brought to the Sunne or Fire The Cause whereof is the Diffusion of the Vitall Spirit and the Easie Dilating of it by a little Heat They stirre a good while after their Heads are off or that they be cut in Pecces Which is caused also for that their Vitall Spirits are more diffused thorow-out all their Parts and lesse confined to Organs than in Perfect Creatures The Insecta haue Voluntary Motion and therefore Imagination And whereas some of the Ancients haue said that their Motion is Indeterminate and their Imagination Indefinite it is negligently obserued For Arts goe right forwards to their Hills And Bees doe admirably know the way from a Flowry Heath two or three Miles off to their Hiues It may be Gnats and Flyes haue their Imagination more mutable and giddy as Small Birds likewise haue It is said by some of the Ancients that they haue onely the Sense of Feeling which is manifestly vntrue For if they goe forth-right to a Place they must needs haue Sight Besides they delight more in one Flower or Herbe than in another and therefore haue Taste And Bees are called with Sound vpon Brasse and therefore they haue Hearing Which sheweth likewise that though their Spirit be diffused yet there is a Seat of their Senses in their Head Other Obseruations concerning the Insecta together with the Enumeration of them wee referre to that place where wee meane to handle the Title of Animal's in generall A Man Leapeth better with Weights in his Hands than without The Cause is for that the Weight if it be proportionable strengthneth the Sinneues by Contracting them For otherwise where no Contraction is needfull Weight hindereth As wee see in Horse-Races Men are curious to fore-see that there be not the least Weight vpon the one Horse more than vpon the other In Leaping with Weights the Armes are first cast backwards and then forwards with so much the greater Force For the Hands goe backward before they take their Raise Quaere if the contrary Motion of the Spirits immediately before the Motion wee intend doth not cause the Spirits as it were to breake forth with more Force As Breath also drawne and kept in commeth forth more forcibly And in Casting of any Thing the Armes to make a greater Swing are first cast backward Of Musicall Tones and Vnequall Sounds wee haue spoken before But touching the Pleasure and Displeasure of the Senses not so fully Harsh Sounds as of a Sawe when it is sharpened Grinding of one Stone against another Squeaking or Skriching Noise make a Shiuering or Horrour in the Body and set the Teeth on edge The Cause is for that the Obiects of the Eare doe affect the Spirits immediately most with Pleasure and Offence We see there is no Colour that affecteth the Eye much with Displeasure There be Sights that are Horrible because they excite the Memory of Things that are Odious or Fearefull But the same Things Painted doe little affect As for Smells Tastes and Touches they be Things that doe affect by a Participation or Impulsion of the Body of the Obiect So it is Sound alone that doth immediately and incorporeally affect most This is most manifest in Musicke and Concords and Discords in Musicke For all Sounds whether they be sharpe or Flat if they be Sweet haue a Roundnesse and Equality And if they be Harsh are Vnequall For a Discord it selfe is but a Harshnesse of Diners Sounds Meeting It is true that Inequality not Stayed vpon but Passing is rather an Encrease of Sweetnesse As in the Purling of a Wreathed String And in the Rancity of a Trumpet And in the Nightinghale-Pipe of a Regall And in a Discord straight falling vpon a Concord But if you stay vpon it it is Offensiue And therefore there bee these three Degrees of Pleasing and Displeasing in Sounds Sweet Sounds Discords and Harsh Sounds which we call by diuers Names as Skriching or Grating such as wee now speake of As for the Setting of the Teeth on Edge we see plainly what an Intercourse there is betweene the Teeth and the Organ of the Hearing by the Taking of the End of a Bow betweene the Teeth and Striking vpon the String NATVRALL HISTORIE VIII Century THere be Mineralls and Fossiles in great Varietie But of Veines of Earth Medicinall but few The Chiefe are Terra Lemnia Terra Sigillata communis and Bolus Arminus Whereof Terra Lemnia is the Chiefe The Vertues of them are for Curing of Wounds Stanching of Bloud Stopping of Flaxes and Rheumes and Arresting the Spreading of Poison Infection and Putrefaction And they haue of all other Simples the Perfectest and Purest Qualitie of Drying with little or no Mixture of any other Qualitie Yet it is true that the Bole-Arminicke is the most Cold of them And that Terra Lemnia is the most Hot For which Cause the Island Lemnos where it is digged was in the Old Fabulous Ages consecrated to Vulcan About the Bottome of the Straights are gathered great Quantities of Sponges which are gathered from the sides of Rocks being as it were a large but tough Mosse It is the more to be noted because that there be but few Substances Plant-like that grow deepe within the Sea For they are gathered sometimes fifteene Fathome deepe And when they are laid on Shoare they seeme to be of great Bulke But crushed together will be transported in a very small Roome It seemeth that Fish that are vsed to
it doth easily exhale In Italy and the Hotter Countries there is a Fly they call Lucciole that shineth as the Glo-worme doth And it may be is the Flying Glo-worme But that Fly is chiefly vpon Fens and Marrishes But yet the two former Obseruations hold For they are not seene but in the Heat of Summer And Sedge or other Greene of the Fens giue as good Shade as Bushes It may be the Glo-wormes of the Cold Countries ripen not so farre as to be Winged The Passions of the Minde worke vpon the Body the Impressions following Feare causeth Palenesse Trembling The Standing of the Haire vpright Starting and Skritching The Palenesse is caused for that the Bloud runneth inward to succour the Heart The Trembling is caused for that through the Flight of the Spirits inward the Outward Parts are destituted and not sustained Standing Vpright of the Haire is caused for that by the Shutting of the Pores of the Skin the Haire that lyeth asloape must needs Rise Starting is both an Apprehension of the Thing feared And in that kinde it is a Motion of Shrincking And likewise an Inquisition in the beginning what the Matter should be And in that kinde it is a Motion of Erection And therefore when a Man would listen suddenly to any Thing he Starteth For the Starting is an Erection of the Spirits to attend Skritching is an Appetite of Expelling that which suddenly striketh the Spirits For it must be noted that many Motions though they be vnprofitable to expell that which hurteth yet they are Offers of Nature and cause Motions by Consent As in Groaning or Crying vpon Paine Griefe and Paine cause Sighing Sobbing Groaning Screaming and Roaring Teares Distorting of the Face Grinding of the Teeth Sweating Sighing is caused by the Drawing in of a greater Quantity of Breath to refresh the Heart that laboureth like a great Draught when one is thirsty Sobbing is the same Thing stronger Groaning and Screaming and Roaring are caused by an Appetite of Expulsion as hath beene said For when the Spirits cannot expell the Thing that hurteth in their Strife to do it by Motion of Consent they expell the Voice And this is when the Spirits yeeld and giue ouer to resist For if one doe constantly resist Paine he will not groane Teares are caused by a Contraction of the Spirits of the Braine Which Contraction by consequence astringeth the Moisture of the Braine and thereby sendeth Teares into the Eyes And this Contraction or Compression causeth also Wringing of the Hands For Wringing is a Gesture of Expression of Moisture The Distorting of the Face is caused by a Contention first to beare and resist and then to expell Which maketh the Parts knit first and afterwards open Grinding of the Teeth is caused likewise by a Gathering and Serring of the Spirits together to resist Which maketh the Teeth also to set hard one against another Sweating is also a Compound Motion by the Labour of the Spirits first to resist and then to expell Ioy causeth a Chearefulnesse and Vigour in the Eyes Singing Leaping Dancing And sometimes Teares All these are the Effects of the Dilatation and Comming forth of the Spirits into the Outward Parts Which maketh them more Linely and Stirring We know it hath beene seene that Excessiue Sudden Ioy hath caused Present Death while the Spirits did spread so much as they could not retire againe As for Teares they are the Effects of Compression of the Moisture of the Braine vpon Dilatation of the Spirits For Compression of the Spirits worketh an Expression of the Moisture of the Braine by Consent as hath beene said in Griefe But then in Ioy it worketh it diuersly viz. by Prepulsion of the Moisture when the Spirits dilate and occupy more Roome Anger causeth Palenesse in some and the Going and Comming of the Colour in Others Also Trembling in some Swelling Foaming at the Month Stamping Bending of the Fist. Palenesse and Going and Comming of the Colour are caused by the Burning of the Spirits about the Heart Which to refresh themselues call in more Spirits from the Outward Parts And if the Palenesse be alone without Sending forth the Colour againe it is commonly ioyned with some Feare But in many there is no Palenesse at all but contrariwise Rednesse about the Cheekes and Gills Which is by the Sending forsh of the Spirits in an Appetite to Reuenge Trembling in Anger is likewise by a Calling in of the Spirits And is commonly when Anger is ioyned with Feare Swelling is caused both by a Dilatation of the Spirits by Ouer-Heating and by a Liquefaction or Boyling of the Humours thereupon Foaming at the Mouth is from the same Cause being an Ebullition Stamping and Bending of the Fist are caused by an Imagination of the Act of Reuenge Light Displeasure or Dislike causeth Shaking of the Head Frowning and Knitting of the Bâ—â—â—es These Effects arise from the same Causes that Trembling and Horrour doe Namely from the Retiring of the Spirits but in a lesse degree For the Shaking of the Head is but a Slow and Definite Trembling And is a Gesture of Slight Refusall And we see also that a Dislike causeth often that Gesture of the Hand which wee vse when we refuse a Thing or warne it away The Frowning and Knitting of the Browes is a Gathering or Serring of the Spirits to resist in some Measure And we see also this Knitting of the Browes will follow vpon earnest Studying or Cogitation of any Thing though it bee without Dislike Shame causeth Blushing And Casting downe of the Eyes Blushing is the Resort of Bloud to the Face Which in the Passion of Shame is the Part that laboureth most And although the Blushing will be seene in the whole Breast if it be Naked yet that is but in Passage to the Face As for the Casting downe of the Eyes it proceedeth of the Reuerence a Man beareth to other Men Whereby when he is ashamed he cannot endure to looke firmely vpon Others And we see that Blushing and the Casting downe of the Eyes both are more when we come before Many Ore Pompeij quid mollius Nunquà m non coram pluribus erubuit And likewise when we come before Great or Reuerend Persons Pity causeth sometimes Teares And a Flexion or Cast of the Eye aside Teares come from the same Cause that they doe in Griefe for Pity is but Griefe in Anothers Behalfe The Cast of the Eye is a Gesture of Auersion or Loathnesse to behold the Obiect of Pity Wonder causeth Astonishment or an Immoueable Posture of the Body Casting vp of the Eyes to Heauen And Lifting vp of the Hands For Astonishment it is caused by the Fixing of the Minde vpon one Obiect of Cogitation whereby it doth not spatiate and transcurre as it vseth For in Wonder the Spirits fly not as in Feare But onely settle and are made lesse apt to moue As for the Casting vp of the Eyes and Lifting vp of the Hands it is a Kinde of Appeale
to the Deity Which is the Authour by Power and Prouidence of Strange Wonders Laughing causeth a Dilatation of the Mouth and Lips A Continued Expulsion of the Breath with the loud Noise which maketh the Interiection of Laughing Shaking of the Breast and Sides Running of the Eyes with Water if it be Violent and Continued Wherein first it is to be vnderstood that Laughing is scarce properly a Passion but hath his Source from the Intellect For in Laughing there euer precedeth a Conceit of somewhat Ridiculous And therefore it is Proper to Man Secondly that the Cause of Laughing is but a Light Touch of the Spirits and not so deepe an Impression as in other Passions And therefore that which hath no Affinity with the Passions of the Minde it is moued and that in great vehemency onely by Tickling some Parts of the Body And we see that Men euen in a Grieued State of Minde yet cannot sometimes forbeare Laughing Thirdly it is euer ioyned with some Degree of Delight And therefore Exhilaration hath some Affinity with Ioy though it be a much Lighter Motion Res seneraest verum Gandium Fourthly that the Obiect of it is Deformity Absurdity Shrew'd Turnes and the like Now to speake of the Causes of the Effects before mentioned whereunto these Generall Notes giue some Light For the Dilatation of the Mouth and Lips Continued Expulsion of the Breath and Voice and Shaking of the Breast and Sides they proceed all from the Dilatation of the Spirits Especially being Sudden So likewise the Running of the Eyes with Water as hath beene formerly touched where we spake of the Teares of Ioy and Griefe is an Effect of Dilatation of the Spirits And for Suddennesse it is a great Part of the Matter For we see that any Shrew'd Turne that lighteth vpon Another Or any Deformity c. moueth Laughter in the Instant Which after a little time it doth not So we cannot Laugh at any Thing after it is Stale but whilest it is New And euen in Tickling if you Tickle the Sides and giue warning Or giue a Hard or Continued Touch it doth not moue Laughter so much Lust causeth a Flagrancy in the Eyes and Priapisme The Cause of both these is for that in Lust the Sight and the Touch are the Things desired And therefore the Spirits resort to those partâ— whch are most affected And note well in generall For that great Vse may be made of the Obseruation that euermore the Spirits in all Passions resort most to the Parts that labour most or are most affected As in the last which hath been mentioned they resort to the Eyes and Venereous Parts In Feare and Anger to the Heart In Shame to the Face And in Light Dislikes to the Head It hath beene obserued by the Ancients and is yet beleeued that the Sperme of Drunken Men is Vnfruitfull The Cause is for that it is Ouer-moistened and wanteth Spissitude And we haue a merry Saying that they that goe Drunke to Bed get Daughters Drunken Men are taken with a plaine Defect or Destitution in Voluntary Motion They â—â—ele They tremble They cannot stand nor speake strongly The â—â—â—â— is for that the Spirits of the Wine oppresse the Spirits Animall and â—â—â— pate Part of the Place where they are And so make them Weake to moue And therefore Drunken Men are apt to fall asleepe And Opiates and Stupefactines as Poppy Henbane Hemlocke c. induce a kinde of Drunkennesse by the Grossenesse of their Vapour As Wine doth by the Quantity of the Vapour Besides they rob the Spirits Animall of their Matter whereby they are nourished For the Spirits of the Wine prey vpon it as well as they And so they make the Spirits lesse Supple and Apt to moue Drunken Men imagine euery Thing turneth round They imagine also that Things Come vpon them They See not well Things a farre off Those Things that they See neare hand they See out of their Place And sometimes they see Things double The Cause of the Imagination that Things turne Round is for that the Spirits themselues turne being compressed by the Vapour of the Wine For any Liquid Body vpon Compression turneth as we see in Water And it is all one to the Sight whether the Visuall Spirits moue or the Obiect moueth or the Medium moueth And we see that long Turning Round breedeth the same Imagination The Cause of the Imagination that Things come vpon them is for that the Spirits Visuall themselues draw backe which maketh the Obiect seeme to come on And besides when they see Things turne Round and Moue Feare maketh them thinke they come vpon them The Cause that they cannot see Things a farre off is the Weaknesse of the Spirits for in euery Megrim or Vertige there is an Obtenebration ioyned with a Semblance of Turning round Which we see also in the lighter Sort of Swonnings The Cause of Seeing things out of their Place is the Refraction of the Spirits Visuall For the Vapour is as an Vnequall Medium And it is as the Sight of Things out of place in Water The Cause of Seeing Things double is the Swift and Vnquiet Motion of the Spirits being Oppressed to and fro For as was said before the Motion of the Spirits Visuall and the Motion of the Obiect make the same Appearances And for the Swift Motion of the Obiect we see that if you fillip a Lute-String it sheweth double or Treble Men are sooner Drunke with Small Draughts than with Great And againe Wine Sugred inebriateth lesse than Wine Pure The Cause of the Former is for that the Wine descendeth not so fast to the Bottome of the Stomach But maketh longer Stay in the Vpper Part of the Stomach and sendeth Vapours faster to the Head And therefore inebriateth sooner And for the same Reason Sops in Wine Quantity for Quantity inebriate more than Wine of it selfe The Cause of the Latter is for that the Sugar doth inspissate the Spirits of the Wine and maketh them not so easie to resolue into Vapour Nay further it is thought to be some Remedy against Inebriating if Wine Sugred be taken after Wine Pure And the same Effect is wrought either by Oyle or Milke taken vpon much Drinking The Vse of Wine in Dry and Consumed Bodies is hurtfull In Moist and Full Bodies it is good The Cause is for that the Spirits of the Wine doe prey vpon the Dew or Radicall Moisture as they terme it of the Body and so deceiue the Animall Spirits But where there is Moisture Enough or Superfluous there Wine helpeth to disgest and desiccate the Moisture The Catterpiller is one of the most Generall of Wormes and breedeth of Dew and Leaues For we see infinite Number of Catterpillers which breed vpon Trees and Hedges By which the Leaues of the Trees or Hedges are in great Part consumed As well by their Breeding out of the Leafe as by their Feeding vpon the Leafe They breed in the Spring chiefly
vnder the Arme-Holes and on the Sides The Cause is the Thinnesse of the Skin in those Parts Ioyned with the Rarenesse of being touched there For all Tickling is a light Motion of the Spirits which the Thinnesse of the Skin and Suddennesse and Rarenesse of Touch doe further For we see a Feather or a Rush drawne along the Lip or Cheeke doth tickle Whereas a Thing more Obtuse or a Touch more Hard doth not And for Suddennesse We see no Man can tickle himselfe Wee see also that the Palme of the Hand though it hath as Thinne a Skin as the other Parts Mentioned yet is not Ticklish because it is accustomed to be Touched Tickling also causeth Laughter The Cause may be the Emission of the Spirits and so of the Breath by a Flight from Titillation For vpon Tickling we see there is euer a Starting or Shrinking away of the Part to auoid it And we see also that if you Tickle the Nosthrills with a Feather or Straw it procureth Sneezing Which is a Sudden Emission of the Spirits that doe likewise expell the Moisture And Tickling is euer Painfull and not well endured It is strange that the Riuer of Nilus Ouer-flowing as it doth the Country of AEgypt there should be neuerthelesse little or no Raine in that Country The Cause must be Either in the Nature of the Water Or in the Nature of the Aire Or of Both. In the Water it may be ascribed either vnto the Long â—â—â— of the Water For Swift Running Waters vapour not so much as Standing Waters Or else to the Concoction of the Water For Waters well Concocted vapour not so much as Waters Raw No more than Waters vpon the Fire doe vapour so much after some time of Boyling as at the first And it is true that the Water of Nilus is sweeter than other Waters in Taste And it is excellent Good for the Stone and Hypochondriacall Melancholy Which sheweth it is Lenefying And it runneth thorow a Countrey of a Hot Climate and flat without Shade either of Woods or Hills Whereby the Sunne must needs haue great Power to Concoct it As for the Aire from whence I conceiue this Want of Showers commeth chiefly The Cause must be for that the Aire is of it selfe Thin and Thirsty And as soone as euer it getteth any Moisture from the Water it imbibeth and dissipateth it in the whole body of the Aire And suffereth it not to remaine in Vapour Whereby it might breed Raine It hath beene touched in the Title of Percolations Namely such as are Inwards that the Whites of Eggs and Milke doe clarifie And it is certaine that in AEgypt they prepare and clarifie the Water of Nile by putting it into great Iarres of Stone and Stirring it about with a few Stamped Almonds Wherewith they also besmeare the Mouth of the Vessell And so draw it off after it hath rested some time It were good to trie this Clarifying with Almonds in New Beere or Must to hasten and perfect the Clarifying There be scarce to be found any Vegetables that haue Branches and no Leaues except you allow Corall for one But there is also in the Desarts of S. Macario in AEgypt a Plant which is Long Leauelesse Browne of Colour and Branched like Corall faue that it closeth at the Top. This being set in Water within House spreadeth and displayeth strangely And the People thereabouts haue a Superstitious Beleefe that in the Labour of Women it helpeth to the Easie Deliuerance The Crystalline Venice Glasse is reported to be a Mixture in equall Portions of Stones brought from Pauia by the Riuer Ticinum And the Ashes of a Weed called by the Arabs Kall which is gathered in a Desart betweene Alexandria and Rosetta And is by the AEgyptians vsed first for Fuell And then they crush the Ashes into Lumps like a Stone And so sell them to the Venetians for their Glasse-workes It is strange and well to be noted how long Carkasses haue continued Vncorrupt and in their former Dimensions As appeareth in the Mummies of AEgypt Hauing lafted as is conceiued some of them three thousand yeeres It is true they finde Meanes to draw forth the Braines and to take forth the Entrailes which are the Parts apteft to corrupt But that is nothing to the Wonder For wee see what a Soft and Corruptible Substance the Flesh of all the other Parts of the Body is But it should seeme that according to our Obseruation and Axiorne in our hundredth Experiment Putrefaction which we conceiue to be so Naturall a Period of Bodies is but an Accident And that Matter maketh not that Haste to Corruption that is conceiued And therefore Bodies in Shining-Amber In Quicke-Siluer In Balmes whereof wee now speake In Wax In Honey In Gummes And it may be in Conseruatories of Snow c. are preserued very long It need not goe for Repetition if we resume againe that which wee said in the aforesaid Experiment concerning Annihilation Namely that if you prouide against three Causes of Putrefaction Bodies will not corrupt The First is that the Aire be excluded For that vndermineth the Body and conspireth with the Spirit of the Body to dissolue it The Second is that the Body Adiacent and Ambiens be not Commateriall but meerely Heterogeneall towards the Body that is to be presured For if Nothing can be receiued by the One Nothing can issue from the Other Such are Quick-Siluer White-Amber to Herbs and Flies and such Bodies The Third is that the Body to be preserued be not of that Grasse that it may corrupt within it selfe although no Part of it issue into the Body Adiacent And therefore it must be rather Thinne and Small than of Bulke There is a Fourth Remedie also which is That if the Body to be preserued be of Bulke as a Corps is then the Body that Incloseth it must haue a Vertue to draw forth and drie the Moisture of the Inward Body For else the Putrefaction will play within though Nothing issue forth I remember Liuy doth relate that there were found at a time two Coffins of Lead in a Tombe Whereof the one contained the Body of King Numa It being some foure hundred yeares after his Death And the other his Bookes of Sacred Rites and Ceremonies and the Discipline of the Pontises And that in the Coffin that had the Body there was Nothing at all to be seene but a little light Cinders about the Sides But in the Coffin that had the Bookes they were found as fresh as if they had beene but newly Written being written in Parchment and couered ouer with Watch-Candles of Wax three or foure fold By this it seemeth that the Romans in Numa's time were not so good Embalmers as the AEgyptians were Which was the Cause that the Body was vtterly consumed But I finde in Plutarch and Others that when Augustus Caesar visited the Sepulchre of Alexander the Great in Alexandria he found the Body to keepe his
Dimension But withall that notwithstanding all the Embalming which no doubt was of the best the Body was so Tender as Caesar touching but the Nose of it defaced it Which maketh mee finde it very strange that the Egyptian Mummies should be reported to be as Hard as Stone-Pitch For I finde no difference but one Which indeed may be very Materiall Namely that the Ancient AEgyptian Mummies were shrowded in a Number of Folds of Linnen besmeared with Gums in manner of Seare-Cloth Which it doth not appeare was practised vpon the Body of Alexander Neare the Castle of Catie and by the Wells of Assan in the Land of Idumea a great Part of the Way you would thinke the Sea were neare hand though it be a good distance off And it is Nothing but the Shining of the Nitre vpon the Sea-Sands Such Abundance of Nitre the Shores there doe put forth The Dead-Sea which vomiteth vp Bitumen is of that Crassitude as Liuing Bodies bound Hand and Foot cast into it haue beene borne vp and not sunke Which sheweth that all Sinking into Water is but an Ouer-Weight of the Body put into the Water in respect of the Water So that you may make Water so strong and heauy of Quicke-Siluer perhaps or the like as may beare vp Iron Of which I see no Vse but Imposture Wee see also that all Metalls except Gold for the same reason swimme vpon Quicke-Siluer It is reported that at the Feet of a Hill neare the More mortuum there is a Blacke Stone whereof Pilgrims make Fires which burneth like a Coale and diminisheth not But only waxeth Brighter and Whiter That it should doe so is not strange For wee see Iron Red Hot burneth and consumeth not But the Strangenesse is that it should continue any time so For Iron as soone as it is out of the Fire deadeth straight waies Certainly it were a Thing of great Vse and Profit if you could finde out Fuell that would burne Hot and yet last long Neither am I altogether Incredulous but there may be such Candles as they say are made of Salamanders Wooll Being a Kinde of Minerall which whiteneth also in the Burning and consumeth not The Question is this Flame must be made of somewhat And commonly it is made of some Tangible Body which hath Weight But it is not impossible perhaps that it should be made of Spirit or Vapour in a Body which Spirit on Vapour hath no Weight such as is the Matter of Ignis â—â—â—â—â—s But then you will say that that Vapour also can last but a short time To that it may be answered That by the helpe of Oile and Wax and other Candle-Stuffe the Flame may continue and the Wieke not burne Sea-Coale last longer than Char-Coale And Char-Coale of Roots being coaled into great Peeces last longer than Ordinary Char-Coale Turfe and Peat and Cow-Sheards are cheape Fuels and last long Small-Coale or Briar-Coale powred vpon Char-Coale make them last longer Sedge is a cheape Fuell to Brew or Bake with the rather because it is good for Nothing else Triall would be made of some Mixture of Sea-Coale with Earth or Chalko For if that Mixture be as the Sea-Coale-Men vse it priuily to make the Bulke of the Coale greater it is Deceit But if it be vsed purposely and be made knowne it is Sauing It is at this Day in vse in Gâ—â—â—â— to couch Pat-Sheards or Vessels of Earth in their Walls to gather the Wind from the Top and to passe it downe in Spouts into Roomes It is a Deuice for Freshnesse in great Heats And it is said there are some Roomes in Italie and Spaine for Freshnesse and Gathering the Winds and Aire in the Heats of Summer But they be but Pennings of the Winds and Enlarging them againe and Making them Reuerberate and goe round in Circles rather than this Deuice of Spouts in the Wall There would be vsed much diligence in the Choice of some Bodies and Places as it were for the Testing of Aire to discouer the Wholesomenesse or Vnwholesomenesse as well of Seasons as of the Seats of Dwellings It is certaine that there be some Heuses wherein Confitures and Pies will gather Mould more than in Others And I am perswaded that a Peece of Raw Flesh or Fish will sooner corrupt in some Aires than in Others They be noble Experiments that can make this Discouerie For they serue for a Naturall Diuination of Seasons Better than the Astronomer can by their Figures And againe they teach Men where to chuse their Dwelling for their better Health There is a Kinde of Stone about Bethlesâ— which they grinde to Powder and put into Water whereof Cattell drinke Which maketh them giue more Milke Surely there would be some better Trialls made of Mixtures of Water in Ponds for Cattell to make them more Milch Or to Fatten them Or to Keepe them from Murraine It may be Chalke and Nitre are of the best It is reported that in the Valley neare the Mountaine Carmel in Iudea there is a Sand which of all other hath most Affinitie with Glasse Insomuch as other Mineralls laid in it turne to a Glassie Substance without the Fire And againe Glasse put into it turneth into the Mother-Sand The Thing is very strange if it be true And it is likeliest to be Caused by some Naturall Fornace or Heat in the Earth And yet they doe not speake of any Eruption of Flames It were good to trie in Glasse-Workes whether the Crude Materialls of Glasse mingled with Glasse already made and Re-moulten doe not facilitate the Making of Glasse with lesse Heat In the Sea vpon the South-West of Sicilie much Corall is found It is a Sub-Marine Plan. It hath no Leanes It brancheth only when it is vnder Water It is Soft and Greene of Colour But being brought into the Aire it becommeth Hard and Shining Red as wee see It is said also to haue a White Berry But wee finde it not brought ouer with the Corall Belike it is cast away as nothing worth Inquire better of it for the Difcouerie of the Nature of the Plant. The Manns of Calabria is the best and in most Plenty They gather it from the Leafe of the Mulberry Tree But not of such Mulberry Trees as grow in the Valley's And Manns falleth vpon the Leaues by Night as other Deawes doe It should seeme that before those Deawes come vpon Trees in the Valley's they dissipate and cannot hold out It should seeme also the Mulberry-Leafe it selfe hath some Coagulating Vertue which inspissateth the Deaw for that it is not found vpon other Trees And wee see by the Silke-Worme which feedeth vpon that Leafe what 's Dainty Smooth Iuyce it hath And the Leaues also especially of the Blacke Mulberry are somewhat Bristly which may helpe to preserue the Deaw Certainly it were not amisse to obscrue a little better the Deawes that fall vpon Trees or Herbs Growing on Mountaines For it
But in the first Kinde it is more Diffused and more Mastered by the Grosser Parts which the Spirits doe but disgest But in Drinkes the Spirits doe raigne and finding lesse Opposition of the Parts become themselues more Strong Which causeth also more Strength in the Liquour Such as if the Spirits be of the Hotter Sort the Liquour becommeth apt to Burne But in Time it causeth likewise when the Higher Spirits are Euapourated more Sourenesse It hath beene obserued by the Ancients that Plates of Metall and especially of Brasse applied presently to a Blow will keepe it downe from Swelling The Cause is Repercussion without Humectation or Entrance of any Body for the Plate hath onely a Virtuall Cold which doth not search into the Hurt Whereas all Plasters and Ointments doe enter Surely the Cause that Blowes and Bruises enduce Swellings is for that the Spirits resorting to Succour the Part that Laboureth draw also the Humours with them For we see that it is not the Repulse and the Returne of the Humour in the Part Strucken that causeth it For that Gouts and Tooth-Aches cause Swelling where there is no Percussion at all The Nature of the Orris Root is almost Singular For there be few Odoriferous Roots And in those that are in any degree Sweet it is but the same Sweetnesse with the Wood or Leafe But the Orris is not Sweet in the Leafe Neither is the Flower any thing so Sweet as the Root The Root seemeth to haue a Tender dainty Heat Which when it commeth aboue Ground to the Sunne and the Aire vanisheth For it is a great Mollifier And hath a Smell like a Violet It hath been obserued by the Ancients that a great Vessell full drawne into Bottles And then the Liquour put againe into the Vessell will not fill the Vessell againe so full as it was but that it may take in more Liquour And that this holdeth more in Wine than in Water The Cause may be Triuiall Namely by the Expence of the Liquour in regard some may sticke to the Sides of the Bottles But there may be a Cause more Subtill Which is that the Liquour in the Vessell is not so much Compressed as in the Bottle Because in the Vessell the Liquour meeteth with Liquour chiefly But in the Bottles a Small Quantity of Liquour meeteth with the Sides of the Bottles which Compresse it so that it doth not Open againe Water being contiguous with Aire Cooleth it but Moisteneth it not except it Vapour The Cause is for that Heat and Cold haue a Virtuall Transition without Communication of Substance but Moisture not And to all Madefaction there is required an Imbibition But where the Bodies are of such seuerall Leuity and Grauity as they Mingle not there can follow no Imbibition And therefore Oyle likewise lyeth at the Top of the Water without Commixture And a Drop of Water running swiftly ouer a Straw or Smooth Body wetteth not Starre-light Nights yea and bright Moone-shine Nights are Colder than Cloudy Nights The Cause is the Drinesse and Finenesse of the Aire which thereby becommeth more Piercing and Sharpe And therefore Great Continents are colder than Islands And as for the Moone though it selfe inclineth the Aire to Moisture yet when it shineth bright it argueth the Aire is dry Also Close Aire is warmer than Open Aire which it may be is for that the true Cause of Cold is an Expiration from the Globe of the Earth which in open Places is stronger And againe Aire it selfe if it be not altered by that Expiration is not without some Secret Degree of Heat As it is not likewise without some Secret Degree of Light For otherwise Cats and Owles could not see in the Night But that Aire hath a little Light Proportionable to the Visuall Spirits of those Creatures The Eyes doe moue â—â—â—â—â—â— way For when one Eye moueth to the Nosthrill the other moueth from the Nosthrill The Cause is Motion of Consent which in the Spirits and Parts Spirituall is Strong But yet Vse will induce the Contrary For some can Squint when they will And the Common Tradition is that if Children be set vpon a Table with a Candle behinde them both Eyes will moue Outwards As affecting to see the Light and so induce Squinting We see more exquisitely with One Eye Shut than with Both Open. The Cause is for that the Spirits Visuall vnite themselues more and so become Stronger For you may see by looking in a Glasse that when you shut one Eye the Pupill of the other Eye that is Open Dilateth The Eyes if the Sight meet not in one Angle See Things Double The Cause is for that Seeing two Things and Seeing one Thing twice worketh the same Effect And therefore a little Pellet held betweene two Fingers laid a-crosse seemeth Double Pore-blinde Men see best in the Dimmer Lights And likewise haue their Sight Stronger neare hand than those that are not Pore-blinde And can Reade and Write smaller Letters The Cause is for that the Spirits Visuall in those that are Pore-blinde are Thinner and Rarer than in others And therefore the Greater Light disperseth them For the same Cause they need Contracting But being Contracted are more strong than the Visuall Spirits of Ordinary Eyes are As when we see thorow a Leuell the Sight is the Stronger And so is it when you gather the Eye-lids somewhat close And it is commonly seene in those that are Poreblinde that they doe much gather the Eye-lids together But Old Men when they would see to Reade put the Paper somewhat a farre off The Cause is for that Old Mens Spirits Visuall contrary to those of Pore-blinde Men vnite not but when the Obiect is at some good distance from their Eyes Men see better when their Eyes are ouer-against the Sunne or a Candle if they put their Hand a little before their Eye The Reason is for that the Glaring of the Sunne or the Candle doth weaken the Eye wheras the Light Circumfused is enough for the Perception For we see that an Ouer-light maketh the Eyes Dazell Insomuch as Perpetuall Looking against the Sunne would Cause Blindnesse Againe if Men come out of a Great Light into a Darke Roome And contrariwise if they come out of a Darke Roome into a Light Roome they seeme to haue a Mist before their Eyes and see worse than they shall doe after they haue stayed a little while either in the Light or in the Darke The Cause is for that the Spirits Visuall are vpon a Sudden Change disturbed and put out of Order And till they be recollected doe not performe their Function well For when they are much Dilated by Light they cannot Contract suddenly And when they are much Contracted by Darknesse they cannot Dilate suddenly And Excesse of both these that is of the Dilatation and Contraction of the Spirits Visuall if it belong Destroyeth the Eye For as long Looking against the Sunne or Fire hurteth the Eye by Dilatation
Herbs Cut c. will grow soonest if they be Set or Cut in the Increase of the Moone Also that Braines in Rabits Wood-cocks Calues c. are fullest in the Full of the Moone And so of â—â—â— in the Bones And so of Oysters and â—â—â— which of all the rest are the easiest tried if you haue them in Pits Take some â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— and set some of them immediately after the Change And others of the same kinde immediately after the Full Let them be as Like as can be The Earth also the Same as neare as may be And therefore beft in Pots Let the Pots also stand where no Raine or Sunne may come to them lest the Difference of the Weather confound the Experiment And then see in what Time the Seeds Set in the Increase of the Moone come to a certaine Height And how they differ from chose that are Set in the Decrease of the Moone It is like that the Braine of Man waxeth Moister and Fuller vpon the Full of the Moone And therefore it were good for those that haue Moist Braines and are great Drinkers to take Fume of Lignum Aloës RoseMary â—â—â—â— about the full of the Moone It is like also that the â—â—â— in mens Bodies Increase and Decrease as the Moone doth And therefore it were good to Purge some day or two after the Full For that then the â—â—â— will not replenish so soone againe As for the â—â—â— of the Motion of the Spirits you must note that the Growth of Hedges Herbs Haire â—â—â— is caused from the Moone by â—â—â— of the Spirits as well as by Increase of the Moisture But for Spirite in particular the great Instante is in â—â—â— There may be other Secret Effects of the Influence of the Moone which are not yet brought into Obseruation It may be that if it so fill out that the Wind be North or North-East in the Full of the Moone it increaseth Cold And if South or South-West it disposeth the Aire for a good while to Warmth and Raine Which would be obserued It may be that Children and Young Cattell that are Brought forth in the Full of the Moone are stronger larger than those that are brought forth in the Wane And those also which are Begotten in the Full of the Moone So that it might be good Husbandry to put Rams and Bulls to their Females somewhat before the Full of the Moone It may be also that the Egs lay'd in the Full of the Moone breed the better Bird And a Number of the like Effects which may be brought into Obseruation Quare also whether great Thunders and Earth-Quakes be not most in the Full of the Moone The Turning of Wine to Vinegar is a Kinde of Putrefaction And in Making of Vinegar they vse to set Vessels of Wine ouer against the Noone-Sunne which calleth out the more Oyly Spirits and leaueth the Liquour more Soure and Hard. We see also that Burnt-Wine is more Hard and Astringent than Wine Vnburnt It is said that Cider in Nauigations vnder the Line ripeneth when Wine or Beere soureth It were good to set a Rundlet of Veriuyce ouer against the Sunne in Summer as they doe Vinegar to see whether it will Ripen and Sweeten There be diuers Creatures that Sleepe all Winter As the Beare the Hedge-hog the Bat the Bee c. These all wax Fat when they Sleepe and egest not The Cause of their Fattening during their Sleeping time may be the Want of Assimilating For whatsoeuer Attimilation not to Flesh turneth either to Sweat or Fat These Creatures for part of their Sleeping Time haue been obserued not to Stirre at all And for the other part to Stirre but not to Remoue And they get Warme and Close Places to Sleepe in When the Flemmings Wintred in Noua Zembla the Beares about the Middle of Nouember went to Sleepe And then the Foxes began to come forth which durst not before It is noted by some of the Ancients that the Shee-Beare breedeth and lyeth in with her Young during that time of Rest And that a Beare Big with Young hath seldome beene seene Some Liuing Creatures are Procreated by Copulation betweene Male and Female Some by Putrefaction And of those which come by Putrefaction many doe neuerthelesse afterwards procreate by Copulation For the Cause of both Generations First it is most certaine that the Cause of all Viuification is a Gentle and Proportionable Heat working vpon a Glutinous and Yeelding Substance For the Heat doth bring forth Spirit in that Substance And the Substance being Glutinous produceth Two Effects The One that the Spirit is Detained and cannot Breake forth The Other that the Matter being Gentle and Yeelding is driuen forwards by the Motion of the Spirits after some Swelling into Shape and Members Therefore all Sperme all Menstruous Substance all Matter whereof Creatures are produced by Putrefaction haue euermore a Closenesse Lentour and Sequacity It seemeth therefore that the Generation by Sperme onely and by Putrefaction haue two Different Causes The First is for that Creatures which haue a Definite and Exact Shape as those haue which are Procreated by Copulation cannot be produced by a Weake and Casuall Heat Nor out of Matter which is not exactly Prepared according to the Species The Second is for that there is a greater Time required for Maturation of Perfect Creatures For if the Time required in Viuification be of any length then the Spirit will Exhale before the Creature be Mature Except it be Enclosed in a Place where it may haue Continuance of the Heat Accesse of some Nourishment to maintaine it and Closenesse that may keepe it from Exhaling And such Places are the Wombes and Matrices of the Females And therefore all Creatures made of Putrefaction are of more Vncertaine Shape And are made in Shorter Time And need not so Perfect an Enclosure though some Closenesse be commonly required As for the Heathen Opinion which was that vpon great Mutations of the World Perfect Creatures were first Engendred of Concretion As well as Frogs and Wormes and Flies and such like are now Wee know it to be vaine But if any such Thing should be admitted Discoursing according to Sense it cannot be except you admit a Chaos first Commixture of Heauen and Earth For the Frame of the World once in Order cannot effect it by any Extesse or Casualtie NATVRALL HISTORIE X. Century THe Philosophie of Pythagoras which was full of Superstition did first plant a Monstrous Imagination Which afterwards was by the Schoole of Plato and Others Warred and Nourished It was that the World was One Entire Perfect Liuing Creature Insomuch as Apolloniâ— of Tyaâ—a a Pythagorean Prophet affirmed that the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea was the Respiration of the World drawing in Water as Breath and putting it forth againe They went on and inferred That if the World were a Liuing Creature it had a Soule and Spirit Which also they haâ—â—â— calling it Spiritus Mundi
For the Plague many times when it is taken giueth no Sent at all And there be many Good and Healthfull Aires that doe appeare by Habitation and other Proofes that differ not in Smell from other Aires And vnder this Head you may place all Imbibitions of Aire where the Substance is Materiall Odour-like Whereof some neuerthelesse are strange and very suddenly diffused As the Alteration which the Aire receiueth in AEgypt almost immediately vpon the Rising of the Riuer of Nilus whereof we haue spoken The Second is the Transmission or Emission of those Things that wee call Spirituall Species As Visibles and Sounds The one whereof wee haue handled And the other we shall handle in due place These moue swiftly and at great distance But then they require a Medium well disposed And their Transmission is easily stopped The Third is the Emissions which cause Attraction of Certaine Bodies at Distance Wherein though the Loadstone be commonly placed in the First Ranke yet we thinke good to except it and referre it to another Head But the Drawing of Amber and let and other Electricke Bodies And the Attraction in Gold of the Spirit of Quick-Siluer at distance And the Attraction of Heat at distance And that of Fire to Naphtha And that of some Herbs to Water though at distance And diuers others We shall handle but yet not vnder this present Title but vnder the Title of Attraction in generall The Fourth is the Emission of Spirits and Immateriate Powers and Vertues in those Things which worke by the Vniuersall Configuration and Sympathy of the World Not by Formes or Colestiall Influxes as is vainly caught and receiued but by the Primitiue Nature of Matter and the Seeds of Things Of this kinde is as we yet suppose the Working of the Load-Stone which is by Consent with the Globe of the Earth Of this Kinde is the Motion of Grauity which is by Consent of Deâ—se Bodies with the Globe of the Earth Of this kinde is some Disposition of Bodies to Rotation and particularly from East to West Of which kinde we conceiue the Maine Float and Re-float of the Sea is which is by Consent of the Vniuerse as Part of the Diurnall Motion These Iâ—â—teriate Vertues haue this Property differing from Others That the Diuersity of the Medium hindreth them not But they passe through all Mediums yet at Determinate distances And of these we shall speake as they are incident to seuerall Titles The Fifth is the Emissions of Spirits And this is the Principall in our Intention to handle now in this Place Namely the Operation of the Spirits of the Minde of Man vpon other Spirits And this is of a Double Nature The Operations of the Affections if they be Vehement And the Operation of the Imagination if it be Strong But these two are so Conpâ—â—d as we shall handle them together For when an Eâ—â—ioâ— or Amâ—roâ—â— Aspect doth infect the Spirits of Another there is Ioyned both Affection and Imagination The Sixth is the Influxes of the Heaâ—â—ly Bodies besides those two Manifest Oues of Heat and Light But these we will handle where we handle the Câ—lestiall Bodies and Motions The Seuenth is the Operations of Sympathy Which the Writers of Naturall Magicke haue brought into an Art or Precept And it is this That if you desire to Super-induce any Vertue or Disposition vpon a Person you should take the Liuing Creature in which that Vertue is most Emineâ—â— and in Perfection Of that Creature you must take the Parts wherein that Virtue chiefly is Collecate Againe you must take those Parts in the Time and Act when that Vertue is most in Exercise And then you must apply it to that Part of Man wherein that Vertue chiefly Consisteth As if you would Super-induce Courage and Fortitude take a Lion or a Coche And take the Heart Teeth or Paw of the Lion Or the Heart or Spurre of the Cocke Take those Parts immediately after the Lion or the Cocke haue beene in Fight And let them be worne vpon a Mans Heart or Wrest Of these and such like Sympathies we shall speake vnder this present Title The Eighth and last is an Emission of Immateriate Vertues Such as we are a little doubtfull to Propound It is so predigious But that it is so consteâ—ly aâ—ouched by many And wee hour set it downe as a Law to our Selues to examine things to the Bottome And not to receiue vpon Credit or reiect vpon Improbabilities vntill there hath passed a due Examination This is the Sympathy of Indiuiduals For as there is a Sympathy of Species So it may be there is a Sympathy of Indiuiduals That is that in Things or the Parts of Things that haue beene once Contiguous or Entire there should remaine a Transmission of Vertue from the One to the Other As betweene the Weapon and the Wound Whereupon is blazed abroad the Operation of Vnguentum Teli And so of a Peece of Lard or Sticke of Elder c. that if Part of it be Consumed or Putrified it will worke vpon the other Part Seuered Now wee will pursue the Instances themselues The Plague is many times taken without Manifest Sense as hath beene said And they report that where it is found it hath a Sent of the Smell of a Mellow Apple And as some say of May-Flowers And it is also receiued that Smels of Flowers that are Mellow and Lushious are ill for the Plague As White Lillies Cowslips and Hyacinths The Plague is not easily receiued by such as continually are about them that haue the Plague As Keepers of the Sicke and Physitians Nor againe by such as take Antidotes either Inward as Mithridate InniperBerries Rue Leafe and Seed c. Or Outward as Angelica Zedoary and the like in the Mouth Tarre Galbanum and the like in Perfume Nor againe by Old People and such as are of a Dry and Cold Complexion On the other side the Plague taketh soonest hold of those that come out of a Fresh Aire And of those that are Fasting And of Children And it is likewise noted to goe in a Bloud more than to a Stranger The most Pernicious Infection next the Plague is the Smell of the Iayle When Prisoners haue beene Long and Close and Nastily kepti Whereof we haue had in our time Experience twice or thrice when both the Iudges that sate vpon the Iayle and Numbers of those that attended the Businesse or were present Sickned vpon it and Died. Therfore it were good wisdome that in such Cases the Iayle were Aired before they be brought forth Out of question if such Foule Smels be made by Art and by the Hand they consist chiefly of Mans Flesh or Sweat Putrified For they are not those Stinckes which the Nosthrils streight abhorre and expell that are most Pernicious But such Aires as haue some Similitude with Mans Body And so insinuate themselues and betray the Spirits There may be great danger in vsing such Compositions in great Meetings of
And I wish the same to be tried outwardly in Vapours The One is Nitre which I would haue dissoluted in Malmesey or GreekeWine and so the Smell of the Wine taken Or if you would haue it more forcible poure of it vpon a Fire-pan well heated as they doe Rose-Water and Vinegar The other is the Distilled Water of Wilde Poppy which I wish to be mingled at halfe with Rose-Water and so taken with some Mixture of a few Clones in a Perfuming-Pan The like would be done with the Distilled Water of Saffron Flowers Smells of Muske and Amber and Ciuit are thought to further Venereous Appetite Which they may doe by the Refreshing and Calling forth of the Spirits Incense and Nidorous Smells such as were of Sacrifices were thought to Intoxicate the Braine and to dispose Men to Deuotion Which they may doe by a kinde of Sadnesse and Contristation of the Spirits And partly also by Heating and Exalting them Wee see that amongst the Iewes the Principall Perfume of the Sanctuary was forbidden all Common Vses There be some Perfumes prescribed by the Writers of Naturall Magicke which procure Pleasant Dreames And some others as they say that procure Propheticall Dreames As the Seeds of Flax Fleawort c. It is certaine that Odours doe in a small Degree Nourish Especially the Odour of Wine And we see Men a hungred doe loue to smell Hot Bread It is related that Democritus when he lay a dying heard a Woman in the House complaine that she should be kept from being at a Feast and Solemnity which she much desired to see because there would be a Corps in the House Whereupon he caused Loaues of New Bread to be sent for and opened them And powred a little Wine into them And so kept himselfe aliue with the Odour of them till the Feast was past I knew a Gentleman that would fast sometimes three or foure yea fiue dayes without Meat Bread or Drinke But the same Man vsed to haue continually a great Wispe of Herbes that he smelled on And amongst those Herbes some Esculent Herbs of strong Sent As Onions Garlicke Leekes and the like They doe vse for the Accident of the Mother to burne Feathers and other Things of Ill Odour And by those Ill Smells the Rising of the Mother is put downe There be Aires which the Physitians aduise their Patients to remoue vnto in Consumptions or vpon Recouery of Long Sicknessess Which commonly are Plaine Champaignes but Grasing and not Ouen-growne with Heath or the like Or else Timber-Shades as in Forrests and the like It is noted also that Groues of Bayes doe forbid Pestilent Aires Which was accounted a great Cause of the Wholesome Aire of Antiochia There be also some Soyles that put forth Odorate Herbes of themselues As Wilde Thyme Wilde Maioram Penny-Roiall Camomill And in which the BriarRoses smell almost like Muske-Roses Which no doubt are Signes that doe discouer an Excellent Aire It were good for Men to thinke of hauing Healthfull Aire in their Houses Which will neuer be if the Roomes be Low-roosed or full of Windowes and Doores For the one maketh the Aire Close and not Fresh And the other maketh it Exceeding Vnequall Which is a great Enemy to Health The Windowes also should not be high vp to the Roofe which is in vse for Beauty and Magnificence but Low Also Stone-Walls are not wholesome But Timber is more wholesome And especially Brick Nay it hath beene vsed by some with great Successe to make their Walls thicke And to put a Lay of Chalke betweene the Brickes to take away all Dampishnesse These Emissions as we said before are handled and ought to be handled by themselues vnder their Proper Titles That is Visibles and Andibles each a-part In this Place it shall suffice to giue some generall Obseruations Common to both First they seeme to be Incorporeall Secondly they Worke Swiftly Thirdly they Worke at Large Distances Fourthly in Curious Varieties Fifthly they are not Effectiue of any Thing Nor leaue no Worke behinde them But are Energies meerely For their Working vpon Mirrours and Places of Eccho doth not alter any Thing in those Bodies But it is the same Action with the Originall onely Repercussed And as for the Shaking of windowes or Rarefying the Aire by Great Noyses And the Heat caused by Burning-Glasses They are rather Concomitants of the Andible and Visible Species than the Effects of them Sixthly they seeme to be ofso Tender and Weake a Nature as they affect onely such a Rare and Attenuate Substance as is the spirit of Liuing Creatures It is mentioned in some Stories that where Children haue been Exposed or taken away young from their Parents And that afterwards they haue approached to their Parents presence the Parents though they haue not knowne them haue had a Secret Ioy or Other Alteration thereupon There was an AEgyptian South-Sayer that made Anthonius beleeue that his Genius which otherwise was Braue and Confident was in the Presence of Octanianus Caesar Poore and Cowardly And therefore he aduised him to absent himselfe as much as he could and remoue far from him This South-Sayer was thought to be suborned by Cleopatra to make him liue in AEgypt and other Remote Places from Rome Howsouer the Conceit of a Perdominant or Mastering Spirit of one Man ouer Another is Ancient and Receiued still euen in Vulgar Opinion There are Conceits that some Men that are of an Ill and Melancholy Nature doe incline the Company into which they come to be Sad and Ill disposed And contrariwise that Others that are of a Iouiall Nature doe dispose the Company to be Merry and Cheerefull And againe that some Men are Lucky to be kept Company with and Employed And Others Vnlucky Certninly it is agreeable to Reason that there are at the least some Light Effluxions from Spirit to Spirit when Men are in Presence one with another as well as from Body to Body It hath beene obserued that Old Men who haue loued Toung Company and beene Conuersant continually with them haue beene of Long Life Their Spirits as it seemeth being Recreated by such Company Such were the Ancient Sophists and Rhetoricians Which euer had Young Auditours and Disciples As Gorgias Protagoras Isocrates c. Who liued till they were an Hundred yeares Old And so likewise did many of the Grammarians and Schoole-Masters such as was Orbilius c. Audacity and Confidence doth in Ciuill Businesse so great Effects as a Man may reasonably doubt that besides the very Daring and Earnestnesse and Persisting and Importunity there should be some Secret Binding and Stooping of other Mens Spirits to such Persons The Affections no doubt doe make the Spirits more Powerfull and Actiue And especially those Affections which draw the Spirits into the Eyes Which are two Loue and Enuy which is called Oculus Malus As for Loue the Platonists some of them goe so farre as to hold that the Spirit of the Louer doth passe into the Spirits of
the Person Loued Which causeth the desire of Returne into the Body whence it was Emitted Whereupon followeth that Appetite of Contact and Coninuction which is in Louers And this is obserued likewise that the Aspects that procure Loue are not Gazings but Sudden Glances and Dartings of the Eye As for Enuy that emitteth some Maligne and Poysonous Spirit which taketh hold of the Spirit of Another And is likewise of greatest Force when the Cast of the Eye is Oblique It hath beene noted also that it is most Dangerous when an Enuious Eye is cast vpon Persons in Glory and Triumph and Ioy. The Reason whereof is for that at such times the Spirits come forth most into the Outward Parts and so meet the Percussion of the Enuious Eye more at Hand And therefore it hath beene noted that after great Triumphs Men haue beene ill disposed for some Daies following We see the Opinion of Fascination is Ancient for both Effects Of Procuring Loue And Sicknesse caused by Envy And Fascination is euer by the Eye But yet if there be any such Infection from Spirit to Spirit there is no doubt but that it worketh by Presence and not by the Eye alone Yet most Forcibly by the Eye Feare and Shame are likewise Infection For we see that the Starting of one will make another ready to Start And when one Man is out of Conntenance in a Company others doe likewise Blush in his behalfe Now we will speake of the Force of Imagination vpon other Bodies And of the Meanes to Exalt and Strengthen it Imagination in this Place I vnderstand to be the Representation of an Indiuiduall Thought Imagination is of three Kinds The First Ioyned with Beleefe of that which is to Come The Second Ioyned with Memory of that which is Past And the Third is of Things Present or as if they were Present For I comprehend in this Imaginations Faigned and at Pleasure As if one should Imagine such a Man to be in the Vestments of a Pope Or to haue Wings I single out for this time that which is with Faith or Beleefe of that which is to Come The Inquisition of this Subiect in our way which is by Induction is wonderfull hard for the Things that are reported are full of Fables And New Experiments can hardly be made but with Extreme Caution for the Reason which wee will hereafter declare The Power of Imagination is in three Kindes The First vpon the Body of the Imaginant Including likewise the Childe in the Mothers Wombe The Second is the Power of it vpon Dead Bodies as Plants Wood Stone Metall c. The Third is the Power of it vpon the Spirits of Men and Liuing Creatures And with this last we will onely meddle The Probleme therefore is whether a Man Constantly and Strongly Beleeuing that such a Thing shall be As that such an One will Loue Him Or that such an One will Grant him his Request Or that such an One shall Recouer a Sicknesse Or the like It doth helpe any thing to the Effecting of the Thing it selfe And here againe we must warily distinguish For it is not meant as hath beene partly said before that it should helpe by Making a Man more Stout or more Industrious In which kinde a Constant Beleefe doth much But meerely by a Secret Operation or Binding or Changing the Spirit of Another And in this it is hard as we began to say to make any New Experiment For I cannot command my Selfe to Beleeue what I will and so no Triall can be made Nay it is worse For whatsoeuer a Man Imagineth doubtingly or with Feare must needs doe hurt if Imagination haue any Power at all For a Man representeth that oftner that he feareth than the contrary The Helpe therefore is for a Man to worke by Another in whom he may Create Beleefe and not by Himselfe Vntill Himselfe haue found by Experience that Imagination doth preuaile For then Experience worketh in Himselfe Beleefe If the Beleefe that such a Thing shall be be ioyned with a Beleefe that his Imagination may procure it For Example I related one time to a Man that was Curious and Vaine enough in these Things That I saw a Kinds of Iugler that had a Paire of Cards and would tell a Man what Card he thought This Pretended Learned Man told me It was a Mistaking in Me For said he it was not the Knowledge of the Mans Thought for that is Proper to God but it was the Inforcing of a Thought vpon him and Binding his Imagination by a Stronger that he could Thinke no other Card. And thereupon he asked me a Question or two which I thought he did but cunningly knowing before what vsed to be the Feats of the Iugler Sir said hee doe you remember whether he told the Card the Man thought Himselfe or bade Another to tell it I answered as was true That be bade Another tell it Whereunto he said so I thought For said he Himselfe could not haue put on so strong an Imagination But by telling the other the Card who beleeued that the Iugler was some Strange Man and could doe Strange Things that other Man caught a strong Imagination I harkened vnto him thinking for a Vanity he spoke prettily Then he asked me another Question Saith he Doe you remember whether he had the Man think the Card first and afterwards told the other Man in his Eare what he should thinke Or else that he did whisper first in the Mans Eare that should tell the Card telling that such a Man should thinke such a Card and after bade the Man thinke a Card I told him as was true That he did first whisper the Man in the Eare that such a Man should thinke such a Card Vpon this the Learned Man did much Exult and Please himselfe saying Loe you may see that my Opinion is right For if the Man had thought first his Thought had beene Fixed But the other Imagining first bound his Thought Which though it did somewhat sinke with mee yet I made it Lighter than I thought and said I thought it was Confederacy betweene the Iugler and the two Seruants Though Indeed I had no Reason so to thinke For they were both my Fathers Seruants And he had neuer plaid in the House before The Iugler also did cause a Garter to be held vp And tooke vpon him to know that such a One should point in such a Place of the Garter As it should be neare so many Inches to the Longer End and so many to the Shorter And still he did it by First Telling the Imaginer and after Bidding the Actour Thinke Hauing told this Relation not for the Weight thereof but because it doth handsomely open the Nature of the Question I returne to that I said That Experiments of Imagination must be practised by Others and not by a Mans Selfe For there be Three Meanes to fortifie Beleefe The First is Experience The Second is Reason And the Third is Authoritie
And that of these which is farre the most Potent is Authoritie For Beleefe vpon Reason or Experience will Stagger For Authoritie it is of two Kindes Beleefe in an Art And Beleefe in a Man And for Things of Beleefe in an Art A Man may exercise them by Himselfe But for Beleefe in a Man it must be by Another Therfore if a Man beleeue in Astrologie and finde a Figure Prosperous Or beleeue in Naturall Magicke and that a Ring with such a Stone or such a Peece of a Liuing Creature Carried will doe good It may helpe his Imagination But the Beleefe in a Man is farre the more Actiue But howsoeuer all Authoritie must be out of a Mans Selfe turned as was said either vpon an Art or vpon a Man And where Authoritie is from one Man to another there the Second must be Ignorant and not Learned or Full of Thoughts And such are for the most part all Witches and Superstitious Persons Whose Beleefes tied to their Teachers and Traditions are no whit controlled either by Reason or Experience And vpon the same Reason in Magicke they vse for the most part Boyes and Young People whose Spirits easiliest take Beleefe and Imagination Now to fortifie Imagination there be three Wayes The Authoritie whence the Beleefe is deriued Meanes to Quicken and Corroborate the Imagination And Meanes to Repeat it and Refresh it For the Authoritie wee haue already spoken As for the Second Namely the Meanes to Quicken and Corroborate the Imagination Wee see what hath beene vsed in Magicke If there be in those Practises any thing that is purely Naturall As Vestments Characters Words Seales Some Parts of Plants or Liuing Creatures Stones Choice of the Houre Gestures and Motions Also Incenses and Odours Choice of Societie which increaseth Imagination Diets and Preparations for some time before And for Words there haue beene euer vsed either Barbarous Words of no Sense lest they should disturbe the Imagination Or Words of Similitude that may second and feed the Imagination And this was euer as well in Heathen Charmes as in Charmes of latter Times There are vsed also Scripture-Words For that the Beleefe that Religious Texts and Words haue Power may strengthen the Imagination And for the same Reason Hebrew Words which amongst vs is counted the Holy Tongue and the Words more Mysticall are often vsed For the Refreshing of the Imagination which was the Third Meanes of Exalting it Wee see the Practises of Magicke as in Images of Wax and the like that should Melt by little and little Or some other Things Buried in Mucke that should Putrifie by little and little Or the like For so oft as the Imaginant doth thinke of those Things so oft doth he represent to his Imagination the Effect of that he desireth If there be any Power in Imagination it is lesse credible that it should be so Incorporcall and Immateriate a Vertue as to worke at great Distances Or through all Mediums Or vpon all Bodies But that the Distance must be Competent The Medium not Aduerse And the Body Apt and Proportionate Therefore if there be any Operation vpon Bodies in Absence by Nature it is like to be conueyed from Man to Man as Fame is As if a Witch by Imagination should hurt any afarre off it cannot be naturally but by Working vpon the Spirit of some that commeth to the Witch And from that Party vpon the Imagination of Another And so vpon Another till it come to one that hath resort to the Party Intended And so by Him to the Party intended himselfe And although they speake that it sufficeth to take a Point or a Peece of the Garment or the Name of the Party or the like yet there is lesse Credit to be giuen to those Things except it be by Working of euill Spirits The Experiments which may certainly demonstrate the Power of Imagination vpon other Bodies are few or none For the Experiments of Witchcraft are no cleare Proofes For that they may be by a Tacite Operation of Maligne Spirits We shall therefore be forced in this Enquire to resort to New Experiments Wherein wee can giue only Directions of Trialls and not any Positiue Experiments And if any Man thinke that wee ought to haue staied till wee had made Experiment of some of them our selues as wee doe commonly in other Titles the Truth is that these Effects of Imagination vpon other Bodies haue so little Credit with vs as we shall trie them at leisure But in the meane Time we will lead others the way When you worke by the Imagination of Another it is necessary that He by whom you worke haue a Precedent Opinion of you that you can doe Strange Things Or that you are a Man of Art as they call it For else the Simple Affirmation to Another that this or that shall be can worke but a weake Impression in his Imagination It were good because you cannot discerne fully of the Strength of Imagination in one Man more than another that you did vse the Imagination of more than One That so you may light vpon a Strong One. As if a Physitian should tell Three or Foure of his Patients Seruants that their Master shall surely recouer The Imagination of One that you shall vse such is the Variety of Mens Mindes cannot be alwaies alike Constant and Strong And if the Successe follow not speedily it will faint and leese Strength To remedy this you must pretend to Him whose Imagination you vse seuerall Degrees of Meanes by which to Operate As to prescribe him that euery three Dayes if he finde not the Successe Apparent he doe vse another Root or Part of a Beast or Ring c. As being of more Force And if that faile Another And if that Another till Seuen Times Also you must prescribe a good Large Time for the Effect you promise As if you should tell a Seruant of a Sick-Man that his Master shall recouer but it will be Fourteene daies eare he findeth it apparently c. All this to entertaine the Imagination that it wauer lesse It is certaine that Potions or Things taken into the Body Incenses and Perfumes taken at the Nosthrills And Ointments of some Parts doe naturally worke vpon the Imagination of Him that taketh them And therefore it must needs greatly Cooperate with the Imagination of him whom you vse if you presribe him before he doe vse the Receit for the Worke which he desireth that he doe take such a Pill or a Spoonefull of Liquour Or burne such an Incense Or Annoint his Temples or the Soles of his Feet with such an Ointment or Oyle And you must chuse for the Composition of such Pill Perfume or Ointment such Ingredients as doe make the Spirits a little more Grosse or Muddy Whereby the Imagination will fix the better The Body Passiue and to be Wrought Vpon I meane not of the Imaginant is better wrought vpon as hath beene partly touched at some Times than at other As if
you should prescribe a Seruant about a Sick Person whom you haue possessed that his Master shall recouer when his Master is fast asleepe to vse such a Root or such a Root For Imagination is like to worke better vpon Sleeping Men than Men Awake As wee shall shew when we handle Dreames We finde in the Art of Memory that Images Visible worke better than other Conceits As if you would remember the Word Philosophy you shall more surely doe it by Imagining that such a Man For Men are best Places is reading vpon Aristotles Physickes Than if you should Imagine him to say I 'le goe study Philosophy And therefore this Obseruation would be translated to the Subiect wee now speake of For the more Lustrous the Imagination is it filleth and fixeth the better And therefore I conceiue that you shall in that Experiment whereof wee spake before of Binding of Thoughts lesse faile if you tell One that such an One shal name one of Twenty Men than if it were One of Twenty Cards The Experiment of Binding of Thoughts would be Diuersified and tried to the Full And you are to note whether it hit for the most part though not alwaies It is good to consider vpon what Things Imagination hath most Force And the Rule as I conceiue is that it hath most Force vpon Things that haue the Lightest and Easiest Motions And therefore aboue all vpon the Spirits of Men And in them vpon such Affections as moue Lightest As vpon Procuring of Loue Binding of Lust which is euer with Imagination vpon Men in Feare Or Men in Irresolution And the like Whatsoeuer is of this kinde would be throughly enquired Trialls likewise would be made vpon Plants and that diligently As if you should tell a Man that such a Tree would Dye this yeare And will him at these and these times to goe vnto it to see how it thriueth As for Inâ—â—imate Things it is true that the Mount of Shuffling of Cards or Casting of Dice are very Light Motions And there is a Folly very vsuall that Gamesters imagine that some that stand by them bring them ill Lucke There would be Triall also made of holding a Ring by a Threed in a Glasse and telling him that holdeth it before that it shall strike so many times against the Side of the Glasse and no more Or of Holding a Key betweene two Mens Fingers without a Charme And to tell those that hold it that at such a Name it shall goe off their Fingers For these two are Extreme Light Motions And howsoeuer I haue no Opinion of these things yet so much I conceiue to be true That Strong Imagination hath more Force vpon Things Liuing Or that haue been Liuing than Things meerely Inauimate And more Force likewise vpon Light and Subtill Motions than vpon Motions Vehement or Pâ—nderous It is an vsuall Obseruation that if the Body of One Murthered be brought before the Murtherer the Wounds will bleed a-fresh Some doe affirme that the Dead Body vpon the Presence of the Murtherer hath opened the Eyes And that there haue beene such like Motions as well where the Party Murthered hath beene Strengled or Drewâ—ed as where they haue beene Killed by Wounds It may be that this participateth of a Miracle by Gods Iust Iudgement who vsually bringeth Murthers to Lights But if it be Naturall it must be referred to Imagination The Tying of the Point vpon the day of Mariage to make Men Impotent towards their Wiues which as we haue formerly touched is so frequent in Zant and Gascony if it be Naturall must be referred to the Imagination of Him that Tieth the Point I conceiue it to haue the lesse Affinity with Witchcraft because not Peculiar Persons onely such as Witches are but any Body may doe it There be many Things that worke vpon the Spirits of Man by Secret Sympathy and Antipathy The Vertues of Pretious Stones worne haue beene anciently and generally Receiued And curiously assigned to Worke seuerall Effects So much is true That Stones haue in them fine Spirits As appeareth by their Splendour And therefore they may worke by Consort vpon the Spirits of Men to Comfort and Exhilarate them Those that are the best for that Effect are the Diamond the Emerald the Iacinth Orientall and the Gold-Stone which is the Yellow Topaze As for their particular Proprieties there is no Credit to be giuen to them But it is manifest that Light aboue all things excelleth in Comforting the Spirits of Men And it is very probable that Light Varied doth the same Effect with more Nouelty And this is one of the Causes why Pretious Stones comfort And therefore it were good to haue Tincted Lanthornes or Tincted Skreenes of Glasse Coloured into Greene Blew Carnation Crimson Purple c. And to vse them with Candles in the Night So likewise to haue Round Glasses not onely of Glasse Coloured thorow but with Colours laid betweene Crystals with Handles to hold in ones Hand Prismes are also Comfortable Things They haue of Paris-Worke Looking-Glasses bordered with broad Borders of small Crystall and great Counterfete Pretious Stones of all Colours that are most Glorious and Pleasant to behold Especially in the Night The Pictures of Indian Feathers are likewise Comfortable and Pleasant to behold So also Faire and Cleare Pooles doe greatly comfort the Eyes and Spirits Especially when the Sunne is not Glaring but Ouercast Or when the Moone shineth There be diuers Sorts of Bracelets fit to Comfort the Spirits And they be of Three Intentions Refrigerant Corroborant and Aperient For Refrigerant I wish them to be of Pearle or of Corall as is vsed And it hath beene noted that Corall if the Party that weareth it be ill disposed will wax Pale Which I beleeue to be true because otherwise Distemper of Heat will make Corall lose Colour I Commend also Beads or little Plates of Lapis Lazuli And Beads of Nitre either alone or with some Cordiall Mixture For Corroboration and Confortation take such Bodies as are of Astringent Quality without Manifest Cold. I commend Bead-Amber which is full of Astriction but yet is Vnctuous and not Cold And is conceiued to Impinguate those that weare such Beads I commend also Beads of Harts-Horne and Iuory which are of the like Nature Also Orenge-Beads Also Beads of Lignum Aloës Macerated first in Rose-Water and Dryed For Opening I Commend Beads or Peeces of the Roots of Cardius Benedictus Also of the Roots of Piony the Male And of Orris And of Calamus Aromaticus And of Rew. The Crampe no doubt commeth of Contraction of Sinnewes Which is Manifest in that it commeth either by Cold or Drinesse As after Consumptions and Long Agues For Cold and Drinesse doe both of them Contract and Corrugate We see also that Chasing a little aboue the Place in paine easeth the Crampe Which is wrought by the Dilatation of the Contracted Sinnewes by Heat There are in vse for the Preuention of the Crampe two
Briars Thornes Berberries And therefore the Ashes of a Hedge-Hog are said to be a great Desiccatiue of Fistula's Mummy hath great force in Stanching of Bloud which as it may be ascribed to the Mixture of Balmes that are Glutinous So it may also partake of a Secret Propriety In that the Bloud draweth Mans Flesh. And it is approued that the Mosse which groweth vpon the Skull of a Dead Men vnburied will stanch Bloud potently And so doe the Dregs or Powder of Bloud seuered from the Water and Dried It hath beene practised to make White Swallowes by Annointing of the Egs with Oyle Which Effect may be produced by the Stopping of the Pores of the Shell and making the Iuyce that putteth forth the Feathers afterwards more Penurious And it may be the Annointing of the Egs will be as Effectuall as the Annointing of the Body Of which Vide the Experiment 93. It is reported that the White of an Egge or Bloud mingled with Salt-Water doth gather the Saltnesse and maketh the Water sweeter This may be by Adhesion As in the 6. Experiment of Clarification It may be also that Bloud and the White of an Egge which is the Malter of a Liuing Creature haue some Sympathy with Salt For all Life hath a Sympathy with Salt We see that Salt laid to a Cut Finger healeth it So as it seemeth Salt draweth Bloud as well as Bloud draweth Salt It hath beene anciently receiued that the Sea-Hare hath an Antipathy with the Lungs if it commeth neare the Body and erodeth them Where of the Cause is conceiued to be a Quality it hath of Heating the Brath and Spirits As Cantharides haue vpon the Watery Parts of the Body As â—ine and Hydroâ—icall Water And it is a good Rule that whatsoeuer hath an Operation vpon certaine Kindes of Matters that in Mars Body worketh most vpon those Parts wherein that kinde of Matter â—â—â— Generally that which is Dead or Corrapted or Excerned hath Antipathy with the same Thing when it is Aliue and when it is Sound And with those Parts which doe Excerne As a Carkasse of Man is most Infectious and Odious to Man A Carrion of an Horse to an Horse c. Puroâ—â— Matter of Wounds and Vlcers Carâ—â—ctes Pockes Scabs Leprousie to Sound Flesh And the Excrement of euery Species to that Creature that Externeth them But the Excrements are lesse Perâ—icious than the Corruptions It is a Common Experience that Dog know the Dog-Killer When as in times of Infection some Petty Fâ—â—â—â—â—â— is sent out to kill the Dogges And that though they haue neuer seene him before yet they will all come forth and barke and fly at him The Relutions touching the Force of â—â—â— and the Secret â—â—â— of Nature are so vncertaine as they require a great deale of Examination ere â—â—â— conclude vpon them I would haue it first throughly inquired whether there be any Secret Passages of Sympathy betweene Persons of neare Bloud As Parents Children Brothers Sisters Nurse-Children Husbands Wiues c. There be many Reports in Historie that vpon the Death of Persons of such Nearenesse Men haue had an inward Feeling of it I my Selfe remember that being in Paris and my Father dying in London two or three dayes before my Fathers death I had a Dreame which I told to diuers English Gentlemen That my Fathers House in the Countrey was Plastered all ouer with Blacke Mortar There is an Opinion abroad whether Idle or no I cannot say That louing and kinde Husbands haue a Sense of their Wiues Breeding Childe by some Accident in their owne Body Next to those that are Neare in Bloud there may be the like Passage and Instincts of Nature betweene great Friends and Enemies And sometimes the Reucaling is vnto Another Person and not to the Party Himselfe I remember Philippus Commineus a graue Writer reporteth That the Arch-Bishop of Vienna a Reuerend l'relate said one day after Masse to King Lewis the eleuenth of France Sir your Mortall Enemie is dead What time Duke Charles of Burgundie was Slaine at the Battell of Granson against the Switzers Some triall also would be made whether Pact or Agreement doe any thing As if two Friends should agree that such a Day in euery Weeke they being in farre Distant Places should Pray one for Another Or should put on a Ring or Tablet one for anothers Sake Whether if one of them should breake their Vow and Promise the other should haue any Feeling of it in Absence If there be any Force in Imaginations and Affections of Singular Persons It is Probable the Force is much more in the Ioynt Imaginations and Affections of Multitudes As if a Victorie should be won or lost in Remote Parts whether is there not some Sense thereof in the People whom it concerneth Because of the great Ioy or Griefe that many Men are prossest with at once Pius Quintus at the very time when that Memorable Victorie was won by the Christians against the Turks at the Nauall Battell of Lepanto being then hearing of Causes in Consistorie brake off suddenly and said to those about him It is now more time we should giue thanks to God for the great Victorie he hath granted vs against the Turks It is true that Victorie had a Sympathie with his Spirit For it was meerely his Worke to conclude that League It may be that Reuelation was Diuine But what shall wee say then to a Number of Examples amongst the Grecians and Romans Where the People being in Theaters at Playes haue had Newes of Victories and Ouerthrowes some few dayes before any Messenger could come It is true that that may hold in these Things which is the generall Root of Superstition Namely that Men obserue when Things Hit and not when they Misse And commit to Memory the one And forget and passe ouer the other But touching Diuination and the Misgiuing of Mindes wee shall speake more when wee handle in generall the Nature of Mindes and Soules and Spirits Wee haue giuen formerly some Rules of Imgination And touching the Fortifying of the Same Wee haue set downe also some few Instances and Directions of the Force of Imagination vpon Beasts Birds c. vpon Plants And vpon Inanimate Bodies Wherein you must still obserue that your Trialls be vpon Subtill and Light Motions and not the contrary For you will sooner by Imagination binde a Bird from Singing than from Eating or Flying And I leaue it to euery Man to choose Experiments which himself thinketh most Commodious Giuing now but a few Examples of euery of the Three Kindes Vse some Imaginant obseruing the Rules formerly prescribed for Binding of a Bird from Singing And the like of a Dogge from Barking Trie also the Imagination of some whom you shall accommodate with things to fortifie it in Cocke-Fights to make one Cocke more Hardy and the other more Cowardly It would be tried also in Flying of Hawkes Or in Coursing of a Deere or Hare with Grey-hounds Or in Horse-Races And
1. ibid. Of Bodies Sulphureous and Mercuriall Exp. 5. pag. 95 Of the Chameleon Exp. 1. pag. 96 Of Subterrany Fires Exp. 1. pag. 97 Of Nitrous Water Exp. 1. ibid. Of Congealing of Aire Exp. 1. ibid. Of Congealing Water into Crystall Exp. 1. ibid. Of Preseruing the Smell and Colour in Rose-Leaues Exp. 1. pag. 98 Of the Lasting of Flame Exp. 10. ibid. Of Infusions or Burialls of diuers Bodies in Earth Exp. 5. pag. 101 Of the Affects of Mens Bodies from seuerall Winds Exp. 1. pag. 102 Of Winter and Summer Sicknesses Exp. 1. ibid. Of Pestilentiall Yeares Exp. 1. ibid. Of Epidemicall Diseases Exp. 1. ibid. Of Preseruation of Liquours in Wells or deepe Vaults Exp. 1. ibid. Of Stutting Exp. 1. pag. 103 Of Sweet Smells Exp. 4. ibid. Of the Goodnesse and Choice of Waters Exp. 7. pag. 104 Of Temperate Heats vnder the AEquinoctiall Exp. 1. pag. 105 Of the Colouration of Blacke and Tawney Moores Exp. 1. ibid. Of Motion after the instant of Death Exp. 1. pag. 106 Century V. OF Accelerating or Hastening forward Germination Exper. 12. pag. 109 Of Retarding or putting backe Germination Exp. 9. pag. 112 Of Meliorating or making better Fruits and Plants Exp. 55. pag. 114 Of Compound Fruits and Flowers Exp. 3. pag. 122 Of Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants Exp. 19. pag. 123 Of Making Herbs and Fruits Medicinable Exp. 2. pag. 128 Century VI. OF Curiosities about Fruits and Plants Exp. 17. pag. 131 Of the Degenerating of Plants And of their Transmutation one into another Exp. 14. pag. 135 Of the Proceritie and Lownesse of Plants And of Artificiall Dwarsing them Exp. 5. pag. 138 Of the Ruatments of Plants And of the Excrescences of Plants or Super-Plants Exp. 26. ibid. Of producing Perfect Plants without Seed Exp. 11. pag. 143 Of Forraine Plants Exp. 3. pag. 144 Of the Seasons of seuerall Plants Exp. 6. pag. 145 Of the Lasting of Plants Exp. 5. pag. 146 Of seuerall Figures of Plants Exp. 3. pag. 147 Of some principall Differences in Plants Exp. 4. pag. 148 Of all Manner of Composts and Helps for Ground Exp. 6. pag. 149 Century VII OF the Affinities and Differences betweene Plants and Bodies Inanimate Exp. 6. pag. 153 Of Affinities and Differences betweene Plants and Liuing Creatures And of the Consiners and Participles of Both. Exp. 3. pag. 154 Of Plants Experiments Promiscuous Exp. 67. pag. 155 Of Healing of Wounds Exp. 1. pag. 169 Of Fat diffused in Flesh. Exp. 1. ibid. Of Ripening Drinke speedily Exp. 1. pag. 170 Of Pilositie and Plumage Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Quicknesse of Motion in Birds Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Clearnesse of the Sea the North Wind blowing Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Different Heats of Fire and Boyling Water Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Qualification of Heat by Moisture Exp. 1. pag. 171 Of Yawning Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Hiccough Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sneezing Exp. 1. pag. 172 Of the Tendernesse of the Teeth Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Tongue Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Mouth out of Taste Exp. 1. ibid. Of some Prognosticks of Pestilentiall Seasons Exp. 1. ibid. Of Speciall Simples for Medicines Exp. 1. ibid. Of Venus Exp. 3. pag. 173 Of the Infecta or Creatures bred of Putrefaction Exp. 3. pag. 174 Of Leaping Exp. 1. pag. 177 Of the Pleasures and Displeasures of Hearing and of the other Senses Exp. 1. ibid. Century VIII OF Veines of Earth Medicinall Exp. 1. pag. 181 Of Sponges Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sea-Fish in Fresh Waters Exp. 1. pag. 182 Of Attraction by Similitude of Substance Exp. 1. ibid. Of Certaine Drinks in Turkey Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sweat Exp. 6. pag. 183 Of the Glo-Worme Exp. 1. pag. 184 Of the Impressions vpon the Body from seuerall Passions of the Mind Exp. 10. ibid. Of Drunkennesse Exp. 4. pag. 187 Of the Hurt or Helpe of Wine taken moderately Exp. 1. pag. 188 Of Catterpillers Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Flyes Cantharides Exp. 1. pag. 189 Of Lassitude Exp. 2. ibid. Of Casting the Skin and Shell in some Creatures Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Postures of the Body Exp. 3. pag. 190 Of Pestilentiall Yeares Exp. 1. ibid. Of some Prognosticks of Hard Winters Exp. 1. ibid. Of certaine Medicines that condense and releeue the Spirits Exp. 1. pag. 191 Of paintings of the Body Exp. 1. ibid. Of the vse of Bathing and Annointing Exp. 1. ibid. Of Chamoletting of Paper Exp. 1. pag. 192 Of Cuttle-Inke Exp. 1. ibid. Of Earth increasing in Weight Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sleepe Exp. 3. ibid. Of Teeth and Hard Substances in the Bodies of Liuing Creatures Exp. 11. pag. 193 Of the Generation and Bearing of Liuing Creatures in the Wombe Exp. 3. pag. 195 Of Species Visible Exp. 2. pag. 196 Of Impulsion and Percussion Exp. 3. pag. 197 Of Titillation Exp. 1. pag. 198 Of Scarcity of Raine in AEgypt Exp. 1. ibid. Of Clarification Exp. 1. ibid. Of Plants without Leaues Exp. 1. pag. 199 Of the Materialls of Glasse Exp. 1. ibid. Of Prohibition of Putrefaction and the long Conseruation of Bodies Exp. 1. ibid. Of Abundance of Nitre in certaine Sea-Shoares Exp. 1. ibid. Of Bodies borne vp by Water Exp. 1. ibid. Of Fuell consuminglittle or nothing Exp. 1. ibid. Of Cheape Fuell Exp. 1. pag. 201 Of Gathering of Wind for Freshnesse Exp. 1. ibid. Of Trialls of Aires Exp. 1. ibid. Of Increasing Milke in Milch-Beasts Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sand of the Nature of Glasse Exp. 1. pag. 202 Of the Growth of Corall Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Gathering of Manna Exp. 1. ibid. Of Correcting of Wines Exp. 1. ibid. Of Bitumen one of the Materialls of Wilde-Fire Exp. 1. pag. 203 Of Plaster growing as hard as Marble Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Cure of some Vlcers and Hurts Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Healthfulnesse or Vnhealthfulnesse of the Southerne Wind. Exp. 1. ibid. Of Wounds made with Brasse and with Iron Exp. 1. ibid. Of Mortification by Cold. Exp. 1. pag. 204 Of Weight Exp. 1. ibid. Of Super-Natation of Bodies Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Flying of Vnequall Bodies in the Aire Exp. 1. ibid. Of Water that it may be the Medium of Sounds Exp. 1. pag. 205 Of the Flight of the Spirits vpon odious Obiects Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Super-Reflexion of Eccho's Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Force of Imagination imitating that of the Sense Exp. 1. pag. 206 Of Preseruation of Bodies Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Growth or Multiplying of Metalls Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Drowning the more base Metall in the more Pretious Exp. 1. ibid. Of Fixation of Bodies Exp. 1. pag. 207 Of the Restlesse Nature of Things in Themselues and their Desire to Change Exp. 1. ibid. Century IX OF Perception in Bodies Insensible tending to Naturall Diuination and Subtill Trialls Exp. 30. pag. 211 Of the Causes of Appetite in the Stomach Exp. 1. pag. 217 Of Sweetnesse of Odour from the Rain-Bow Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sweet Smells Exp. 1. pag. 218 Of the Corporeall Substance of Smells Exp. 1. ibid. Of Fetide and Fragrant Odours Exp. 1. ibid. Of the
of Powders and Liquours Experiment Solitary touching Exercise of the Body Experiment Solitary touching Meats that induce Society Experiments in Consort touching the Clarification of Liquours and the Accelerating thereof Experiments in Consort touching Maturation and the Accelerating thereof And â—â—â—ft touching the Maturation and Quickning or Drinks And next touching the Maturation of Fruits Experiment Solitary touching the Making of Gold Experiment Solitary touching the Nature of Gold Experiments in Consort touching the Enducing and Accelerating of Putrefaction Experiments in Consort touching Proâ—â—â—â—â—â— and Preuenting Putrefaction Experiment Solitary touching Wood Shining in the Darke Experiment Solitary touching the Acceleration of Birth Experiment Solitary touching the Acceleration of growth and Stature Experiments in Consort touching Sulphur and Mercury two of Paracelâ—es Principles Experiment Solitary touching Chameleons Experiment Solitary touching Subterrany Fires Experiment Solitary touching Nitre Experiment Solitary touching Congealing of Aire Experiment Solitary touching Congealing of Water into Crystall Experiment Solitary touching Preseruing of Roseleaues both in Colour Smell Experiments in Consort touching the Continuance of Flame Experiments in Consort touching Burialls or Insusions of diuers Bodies in Earth Experiment Solitary touching the â—â—â—â—â— in Mâ—â—â—â—â—â— from seâ—â—â— winds Experiment Solitary touching Winter and Summer â—â—â—â—â—â— Experiment Solitary touching Pesilâ—â—â—all Seasons Experiment Solitary touching an Enour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 about 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diseases Experiment Solitary touching the Aâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— or Preseruation of Liquours in Wells or deepe Vaults Experiment Solitary touching Stutting Experiments in Consort touching Smells Experiments in Consort touching the Goodnesse and Choice of Water Experiment Solitary touching the Temperate Heat vnder the AEquinoctiall Experiment Solitary touching the Coloration of Blacke and Tawney Moores Experiment Solitary touching Motion after the Inflant of Death Experiments in Consort touching the Acceleration of Germination Experiments in Consort touching the Putting backe or Retardation of Germination Experiments in Consort touching the Melioration of Fruits Trees and Plants Experiments in Consort touching Compound Fruits and Flowers Experiments in Consort touching the Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants Experiments in Consort touching the Making Herbs and Fruits Medicinable Experiments in Consort touching Curiosities about Fruits and Plants Experiments in Consort touching the Degenerating of Plants And of the Transmutation of them one into another Experiments in Consort touching the Procoâ—tic and Lownesse and Artificiall dwarsing of Trees Experiments in Consort touching the Experiments in Consort touching the Producing of Perfect Pâ—ants without Seed Experiments in Consort touching Forrâ—â— Plants Experiments in Consort touching the Seasons in which Plants come forth Experiments in Consort touching the Lasting of Herbs and Trees Experiments in Consort touching the seuerall Figures of Plants Experiments in Consort touching some Principalâ— Differences in Plants Experiments in Consort touching all Manner of Composts and Helps of Ground Experiments in Consort touching the Assinities and Differences betweene Plants and Inanimate Bodies Experiments in Consort touching the Affinities and Differences of Plants and Liuing Creatures And the Consiners and â—â—â—â—â—â—â— of them Experiments Prâ—â—â—â—â—ous touching Plants Experiment Solitary touching Healing of Wounds Experiment Solitary touching â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— Experiment Solitary touching Repening of Dâ—â—nk before the Time Experiment Solitary touching Pilosity and Plumage Experiment Solitary touching the Quicknesse of Motion in Birds Experiment Solitary touching the different Clear enesse of the Sea Experiment Solitary touching the different Heats of Fire and Boiling Water Experiment Solitary touching the Qualification of Heat by Moisture Experiment Solitary touching Yawning Experiment Solitary touching the Hiccough Experiment Solitary touching Sneezing Experiment Solitary touching the Tendernesse of the Teeth Experiment Solitary touching the Tongue Experiment Solitary touching the Taste Experiment Solitary touching some Prognosticks of Pestilenitall Seasons Experiment Solitary touching Speciall Simples for Medicines Experiments in Consort touching Venus Experiments in Consort touching the Insecta Experiment Solitary touching Leaping Experiment Solitary touching the Pleasures and Displeasures of the Senses especially of Hearing Experiment Solitary touching Veines of Medicinall Earth Experiment Solitary touching the Growth of Sponges Experiment Solitary touching Sea-Fish put in Fish Waters Experiment Solitary touching Attraction by Simulitude of Substance Experiment Solitary touching certaine Drinkes in Turkey Experiments in Consort touching Sweat Experiment Solitary touching the GloWorme Experiments in Consort touching the Impressions which the Passions of the Minde make vpon the Body Experiments in Consort touching Drunkennesse Experiment Solitary touching the Helpe or Hint of Wine though Moderately vsed Experiment Solitary touching Catterpillers Experiment Solitary touching the Flyes Cantharides Experiments in Consort touching Lassitude Experiment Solitary touching the Casting of the Skin and Shell in some Creatures Experiments in Consort touching the Postures of the Body Experiment Solitary touching Pestilentiall Yeares Experiment Solitary touchine the Prognosticks of Hard Winters Experiment Solitary touching Medicines that Condense and Releeue the Spirits Experiment Solitary touching Faintings of the Body Experiment Solitary touching the Vse of Bathing and Annointing Experiment Solitary touching Chamoletting of Paper Experiment Solitary touching Cuttle-Inke Experiment Solitary touching Encrease of Weigh in Earth Experiments in Consort touching Sleepe Experiments in Consort touching Teeth and Hard Substances in the Bodies of Liuing Creatures Experiments in Consort touching the Generation and Bearing of Liuing Creatures in the Wombe Experiments in Consort touching Species Visible Experiments in Consort touching Impulsion and Percussion Experiment Solitary touching Titillation Experiment Solitary touching the Scarcity of Raine in AEgypt Experiment Solitary touching Clarification Experiment Solitary touching Plants without Leaues Experiment Solitary touching the Materials of Glasse Experiment Solitary touching Prohibition of Putrefaction and the Long Conseruation of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Abundance of Nitre in certaine Sea-Shoares Experiment Solitary touching Bodies that are borne vp by Water Experiment Solitary touching Fuell that consumeth little or nothing Experiment Solitary Oeconomicall touching Cheape Fuell Experiment Solitary touching the Gathering of Wind for Freshnesse Experiment Solitary touching the Trials of Aires Experiment Solitary touching Increasing of Milke in Milch Beasts Experiment Solitary touching Sand of the Nature of Glasse Experiment Solitary touching the Growth of Corall Experiment Solitary touching the Gathering of Manna Experiment Solitary touching the Correcting of Wine Experiment Solitary touching the Materialls of Wild-Fire Experiment Solitary touching Plaster growing as Hard as Marble Experiment Solitary touching Iudgement of the Cure in some Vlcers and Hurts Experiment Solitary touching the Healthfulnesse or Vnhealthfulnesse of the Southerne Wind. Experiment Solitary touching Wounds Experiment Solitary touching Mortification by Cold. Experiment Solitary touching Weight Experiment Solitary touching the Super-Natation of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Flying of Vnequall Bodies in the Aire Experiment Solitary touching Water that it may be the Medium of Sounds Experiment Solitary of the Flight of the Spirits vpon Odious Obiects Experiment Solitary touching the Super-Reflexion of Eccho's Experiment Solitary touching the Force of Imagination Imâ—â—a â—â—ng that of the Sense Experiment Solitary touching
the bottome the Morter will become as hard as the Brick wee see also that the Wood on the sides of Vessles of Wine gathereth a Crust of Tartar harder then the wood it selfe And Scales likewise grow to the Teeth harder then the Teeth themselues Most of all Induration by Assimilation appeareth in the Bodies of Trees and liuing Creatures For no Nourishment that the Tree receiueth or that the liuing Creature receiueth is so hard as Wood Bone or Horne c. but is Indurated after by Assimilation The Eye of the vnderstanding is like the Eye of the Sense For as you may see great Obiects through small Crannies or Leuells So you may see great Axiomes of Nature through small and Contemptible Instances The Speedy Depredation of Aire vpon watry Moisture and Version of the same into Aire appeareth in nothing more visible than in the sudden Discharge or vanishing of a little Cloud of Breath or Vapour from Glasse or the Blade of a Sword or any such Polished Body Such as doth not at all Detaine or Imbibe the Moisture For the Mistinesse scattereth and breaketh vp suddenly But the like Cloud if it were Oyly or Fatty will not discharge Not because it sticketh faster But because Aire preyeth vpon Water And Flame and Fire vpon Oyle And therefore to take out a Spot of Grease they vse a Coale vpon browne Paper because Fire worketh vpon Grease or Oyle as Aire doth vpon Water And we see Paper oyled or Wood oyled or the like last long moist but Wet with Water drie or putrifie sooner The Cause is for that Aire meddleth little with the Moisture of Oyle There is an Admirable demonstration in the same trifling Instance of the little Cloud vpon Glasse or Gemmes or Blades of Swords of the Force of Vnion euen in the least Quantities and weakest Bodies how much it Conduceth to Preseruation of the present Forme And the Resisting of a New For marke well the discharge of that Cloud And you shall see it euer breake vp first in the Skirts and last in the middest We see likewise that much Water draweth forth the Iuyce of the Body Infused But little water is imbibed by the Body And this is a Principall Cause why in Operation vpon Bodies for their Version or Alteration the Triall in great Quantities doth not answer the Triall in small And so deceiueth many For that I say the greater Body resisteth more any Alteration of Forme and requireth farre greater Strength in the Actiue Body that should subdue it We haue spoken before in the fifth Instance of the Cause of Orient Colours in Birds which is by the Finenesse of the Strainer we will now endeuour to reduce the same Axione to a Worke. For this Writing of our Sylue Syluerum is to speake properly not Neturall History but a high kinde of Naturall Magicke For it is not a Description only of Nature but a Breaking of Nature into great and strange Workes Trie therefore the Anointing ouer of Pigeons or other Birds when they are but in their downe Or of Whelps cutting their Haire as short as may be Or of some other Beast with some oyntment that is not hurtfull to the Flesh And that will harden and sticke very close And see whether it will not alter the Colours of the Feathers or Haire It is receiued that the Pulling off the first Feathers of Birds cleane will make the new come forth white And it is certaine that White is a penurious Colour where Moisture is scant So Blew Violets other Flowers if they be starued turne Pale and White Birds and Horses by Age or Scarres turne white And the Hoare Haires of Men come by the same reason And therefore in Birds it is very likely that the Feathers that come first will be many times of diuers Colours according to the Nature of the Bird For that the Skin is more porous But when the Skin is more shut and close the Feathers will come White This is a good Experiment not only for the Producing of Birds and Beasts of strange Colours but also for the Disclosure of the Nature of Colours themselues which of them require a finer Porositie and which a grosser It is a worke of Prouidence that hath beene truly obserued by some That the Yolke of the Egge conduceth little to the Generation of the Bird But onely to the Nourishment of the same For if a Chicken be opened when it is new hatched you shall finde much of the Yolke remaining And it is needfull that Birds that are shaped without the Females Wombe haue in the Egge as well Matter of Nourishment as Matter of generation for the Body For after the Egge is laid and seuered from the Body of the Hen It hath no more Nourishment from the Hen But onely a quickening Heat when shee sitteth But Beasts and Men need not the matter of Nourishment within themselues Because they are shaped within the Wombe of the Female and are Nourished continually from her Body It is an Inueterate and receiued Opinion that Cantharides applyed to any Part of the Body touch the Bladder and exulcerate it if they stay on long It is likewise Receiued that a kinde of Stone which they bring out of the West Indies hath a peculiar force to moue Grauell and to dissolue the Stone In so much as laid but to the wrest it hath so forcibly sent downe Grauell as Men haue beene glad to remoue it It was so violent It is receiued and confirmed by daily Experience that the Soales of the Feet haue great Affinity with the Head and the Mouth of the Stomach As we see Going wet-shod to those that vse it not affecteth both Applications of hot Powders to the Feet attenuate first and after drie the Rheume And therefore a Physitian that would be Mysticall prescribeth for the Cure of the Rheume that a Man should walke Continually vpon a Camomill Alley Meaning that he should put Camomill within his Sockes Likewise Pigeons bleeding applyed to the Soales of the Feet ease the Head And Soporiferous Medicines applied vnto them prouoke Sleepe It seemeth that as the Feet haue a Sympathy with the Head So the Wrests and Hands haue a Sympathy with the Heart We see the Affects and Passions of the Heart and Spirits are notably disclosed by the Pulse And it is often tried that Iuyces of Stock-Gilly-Flowers Rose-Campian Garlicke and other things applied to the Wrests and renewed haue cured long Agues And I conceiue that washing with certaine Liquours the Palmes of the Hands doth much good And they doe well in Heats of Agues to hold in the Hands Egges of Alablaster and Balls of Crystall Of these things we shall speake more when we handle the Title of Sympathy and Antipathy in the proper Place The Knowledge of man hitherto hath beene determined by the View or Sight So that whatsoeuer is Inuisible either in respect of the Finenesse of the Body it selfe Or the Smallnesse of the