Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	body_n	motion_n	soul_n	7,616	5	5.6016	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86079	The anatomical exercises of Dr. William Harvey professor of physick, and physician to the Kings Majesty, concerning the motion of the heart and blood. [Part 3] Two anatomical exercitations concerning the circulation of the blood to John Riolan the son ... With the preface of Zachariah Wood physician of Roterdam. To which is added Dr. James De Back his Discourse of the heart, physician in ordinary to the town of Roterdam.	Harvey, William, 1578-1657.	1653 (1653)	Wing H1083_pt3; Thomason E1477_2; ESTC R20704_pt3	39,257	87

the forcing he means Spirits But if Spirits must be understood to be every thing which enforces in a mans body whatsoever hath the power or force of action in living bodies must be call'd by the name of Spirit Therefore all the Spirits are not aeriall substances nor powers nor habits nor incorporeal But omitting the tediousnesse of all other significations to our purpose Those Spirit which passe out through the veins or the arteries are not separable from the blood no more than flame form the flakes about it But the blood and the Spirit signifie the same thing though divers in essence as good Wine and its Spirit For as Wine is no more Wine after it has lost its Spirit but flat sluff or vinegar so neither blood without Spirit is blood but equivocally goar as a hand of stone or a dead hand is no more a hand so blood without vital spirit is no more to be esteemed blood So the Spirit which is chiefly in the arteries and the arterial blood is as its act as the Spirit of Wine in Wine and the Spirit of Aquavitae or as a little flame kindled in the Spirit of Wine and living by nouristing of it self Therefore blood when it is most imbued with Spirits it does require and look after more room because it is swell'd or leaven'd and blown up by them which you may certainly judge in my experiment which I brought concerning the measure of the sawcers but like wine because it has greater strength and force of action and performance in which it excels according to the mind of Hippocrates Therefore the same blood is in the veins which is in the arteries though it be acknowledg'd to be more full of Spirit and more eminent in vital force but it is not converted into something more aerial or vaporous as if there were no Spirits but aerial ones or none that had force but such as were flatuous and windy But neither are the Animal Spirits natural and vital which are containd in the solid parts to wit the ligaments and nerves especially if there be so many severall sorts of them thought to be so many aerial forms or divers sorts of vapours Those who acknoledge Spirits in the bodies of creatures but such as are corporal but of an aerial consistence or vaporous or fierie of them would I fain know Whether they can passe hither and thither backward and forward as distinct bodies without the blood Whether or no I say the Spirits follow the motion of the blood as if they were either parts of the blood or adhering to it by an indissoluble connexion and an interrupted exhalation so that they can neither leave the parts nor passe without the influx reflux and passing of the blood For if as the vapours attenuated by the heat of the water the Spirits by the continuall flux and succession of the blood become the nourishment of the parts it will necessarily follow that they cannot remain apart from the nourishment but do continually vanish for that same reason that they neither flow back nor pass any way nor abide but according to the influxion refluxion or passing of the blood as being either ther subject vehiculum or nourishment Then I would know how they show us that Spirits are made in the heart and do make them up either by the compounding of exhalations or vapours of the blood rais'd either by the heat or concussion of the heart Are not such Spirits to be thought much colder than the blood since both the parts of which they are compounded to wit air and vapour are much colder for the vapour of boyling water it self and any flame burns lesse than the coal of a candle and a wood-coal lesse than iron or brasse red hot whence it seems that such Spirits doe owe their heat to the blood rather than the blood is heated by the Spirits and such Spirits are rather to be deem'd fumes and excrements flowing from the blood and body like smels than workers in Nature especially since they being so frail and vanishing do so quickly lose that vertue which in their original they receive from the blood From whence it were likewise probable that there should be an expiration of the lungs by which these Spirits being blown out might be ayr'd and purified and that there should be an inspiration into them that the blood passing through betwixt the two ventricles of the heart might be temper'd by the ambient cold lest being heated and rising and swelling with a kind of fermentation like boyling honey or milk it should so distend the lungs as to suffocate the creature as in a dangerous Asthma we have often seen To which Galen likewise ascribes the reason when he says that this comes to passe by obstruction of the little arteries namely the venous and arterious vessels I have had experience of this that by affixing of Cupping-glasses and pouring upon them good store of cold water there has many been sav'd who have been in danger to be suffocated by an Asthma I have here perchance spoken sufficiently concerning Spirits which we ought to define and show what and how they are in a Treatise of Physiologie only I will adjoyn Those that speak concerning innate warmth as an ordinary instrument of Nature in performance of all things and tell us of the necessity of influxive heat to entertain all the parts and keep them in life and doe acknowledge that it cannot exist without a subject because they find a movable bodie disproportionable by reason of the swiftnesse of the flux and reflux especially in the passions of the mind and because of the swift motion of this heat they introduce Spirits as bodies most subtle penetrative and movalbe and just as they say that from that ordinary instrument to wit the innate heat proceeds the admirable divinity of Natural operations so doe they likewise affirm that those Spirits of a sublime bright aethereal and celestial nature are the bonds of the Soul as the ignorant common-people when they do not conceive the reasons of things think and say that God in the immediate author of them that is comes through the arteries as if the blood could not be so speedily mov'd not so full nourish and in the confidence of this opinion they are so far advanced that they deny that there is any blood contained in the arteries Whence they resolve that the influxive heat does come swiftly through all the parts by the influx of Spirit and And with very flight arguments they endeavour to ground this that the arterial blood differs from the blood of the veins or that the arteries are fill'd with such Spirits and not with blood contrary to all that which Galen both from reason and experience brought against Era●●stratus But it is manifest by our former experiment and by sense that the arterial blood is not so different the influx of the blood and Spirt with it being not separate from the blood but that it flows in one

like to honey or milk upon the fire and so taking up more room For if the blood which is driven out of the left ventricle into the arteries should be leaven'd so as to be blown up and foam after that manner so that a drop or two should fill all the concavity of the aorta no doubt it would when it fell again return to the quantity of some few drops which cause some do allege for the emptiness of the arteries in dead men and the same would be seen in the cotyla full of arterial blood for so we find that it comes to passe in the cooling of milk or honey But if in either cotyla the blood be found of the same colour and congealed of a not much different consistence and squeezing out the whey after the same manner and if it take up the same room both when it is hot and when it is cold I think it will be a sufficient argument to gain any mans beleef and to confute the dreams of some that there is neither in the left ventricle and sort of blood differing from that of the right as you may find out both by sense and reason for you must needs likewise affirm that the vena arteriosa should equally be distended with one drop of blood foaming up and therefore that there is just such bubbling and leaven'd blood in the right as in the left seeing the entry of the vena arteriosa and the egresse of the aorta is equipollent and equall Three things are chiefly ready to breed this opinion of the diversity of blood One is that in the cutting of an arterie they see brighter blood drawn out Another is that in the dissection of dead bodies they find both the left ventricle of the heart and all the arteries so empty A third is that they imagine that the arterial blood is more spirituous and more replete with Spirits and therefore they think that it takes up more room The cause and reason of all which things why they come to be so by inspection is perceiv'd First insomuch as concerns the colour alwayes and every where blood comming through a narrow hole is as as it were strained and becomes thinner and the lighter part of it and which swims above and is more penetrable is thrust out so in Phlebotomie the blood which springs out with great flux or force and out of a greater orifice and flies further is alwayes thicker fuller and darker colour'd but if it flow drops as it does out of a vein when the ligature is unty'd it is brighter for it is straind as it were and only the thinner part comes out as in the bleeding at nose or that which is extracted by Leeches or Cupping-glasses or any way issuing by diapedesin is always seen more bright because the thicknesse and hardnesse of the tunicles becomes more impassible nor yeelds so pliably as to give an open way for the comming out of the blood As it likewise happens in fat bodies when by the fat under the skin the orifice of the vein is stop'd then the blood appears thinner brighter and as if it did flow from an arterie On the contrary if you receive in a sawcer the blood when you have cut an arterie if it flow freely it shall appear like venal blood there is blood much brighter in the lungs and squeez'd out from thence than any is found in the arteries The emptinesse of the arteries in dead bodies which did perchance cozen Erasistrasus insomuch that he thought that the arteries containd only aerial spirits proceeds from hence because that when the lungs fall their passages being stopt the lungs do breath no longer so that the blood cannot freely passe through them yet the heart continues a while in its expulsion whence both the left ventricle of the heart is more contracted and the arteries likewise empty and not fill'd by succession of blood appear empty But if the heart cease both at one time and the lungs to give passage by respiration as it is in those who are drowned in cold water or in those who are taken suddenly with unexpected death you shall find both the veins and the arteries full As concerning the third of the Spirits what they are and of what consistence and how they are in the body whether they be apart and distinct from the solid parts or mix'd with them there are so many and so divers opinions that it is no wonder if Spirits whose nature is left so doubtfull do serve for a common escape to ignorance For commonly ignorant persons when they cannot give a reason for any thing they say presently that it is done by Spirits and bring in Spirits as performers in all cases and like as bad Poets doe bring in the gods upon the Scene by head and ears to make the Exit and Catastrophe of their play Fernelius and others do imagine aerial Spirits and invisible substances for he proves that there are animal Spirit just as Erasistratus proves them in the arteries because there are little cells in the brains which are empty and since there is no vacuum he concludes that in living men they are full of Spirits Yet all the School of Physicians agrees upon three sorts of Spirits that the natural Spirits flow through the veins the vital through the arteries and the animal through the nerves whence the Physicians say out of Galen that the parts sometimes want the cōsent of the brain because the faculty together with its essence is sometimes hinder'd and sometime without the essence Over and above besides these three sorts of influxive spirtis they seem to assert so many more which are implanted But none of all these have we found by dissection neither in the veins nerves arteries nor parts of living persons Some make corporeal Spirits other some incorporeal Spirits and those who make corporeal spirits sometimes say that the blood or thinnest part of the blood is the conjunction of the soul with the body sometimes they say that the Spirits are containd in the blood as flame in smoke and sustain'd by the perpetuall flux of it sometimes they do distinguish them from the blood Those that affirm that there are Spirits incorporeal know not how to tread but likewise doe affirm that there are potential Spirits as Spirits concoctive chilificative procreative and so many Spirits as there are faculties or parts But the Schoolmen tell us also of a Spirit of Fortitude Prudence Patience and of all the vertues and the most holy Spirit of wisdom and all divine gifts They think too that bad and good Spirits do assist possess leave and wander abroad They think also that diseases are caus'd by a Devil as by a Cacochima But although there is nothing more uncertain and doubtfull than the doctrine which is assign'd to us concerning the spirit yet for the most part all Physicians seem with Hippocrates to conclude that our bodies are made up of three parts containing containd and enforcing by

the blood be again returned to that place where it first began that is to say to the right ear These things you may try at your pleasure cutting up one of the longer arteries as the jugular which if you take betwixt your fingers you shall clearly discern how it loses its pulse and recovers it again beats lesse or more And as these things may be tryed whilst the brest is whole so opening the brest and the lungs afterwards being collaps'd and all motion of respiration gone you may easily try it to wit that the left ear is contracted and emptyed that it becomes more whitish and that it doth at last together with the left ventricle intermit in its pulse beat leisurely and at last leave off And likewise by the hole which you may cut in the arterie you may see the blood come forth lesse and lesse in a smaller thred and that at last to wit in the defect of blood and the impulsion of the left ventricle no more will flow You may likewise try this same in the tying of the vena arteriosa and so take away the pulse of the left ear and with untying it restore the pulse at your pleasure Whence the same thing is evidently try'd by experiment which is seen in dying persons that as first the left ventricle desists from motion and pulse and afterwards the left ear then the right ventricle pulse lastly the right ear so where the vital faculty begins first it ends last Which being tried by the sense it is manisest that the blood passes only through the semptum of the heart and not through the lungs and only through them whilst they are mov'd in respiration and not when they are fallen or disquieted For which cause in an Embryon not as yet breathing Nature instead of the passage in the arteria venosa that matter may be furnish'd to the left ventricle and the left ear opens an oval hole which she shuts in young men and those that breath freely It likewise appears why those that have the vessels of their lungs oppress'd and stuff'd or those that have any losse of their breath it is present token of death It is likewise clear why the blood of the lungs is so flame-colour'd for it is thinnest that is straind through there It is beside to be observ'd from our former conclusion in order to those who require the causes of Circulation think the power of the heart to be the effecter of all things and as it is the author of transmission by pulse so with Aristotle they think it the author of attraction and generation of blood and that the Spirits are made by the heart and the influxive heat that by the innat heat of the heart as by the immediat instrument of the soul or by a common bond and the first organ for perfecting of all the works of life And so the motion of the blood and spirit its perfection and heat and every property thereof to be borrow'd from the heart as from its beginning which Arist. says is in in the blood as in hot water or boyling pottage is in the heart and that it is the first cause of pulsation and life If I may speak freely I do not think that these things are so as they are commonly believed for there are many things which perswade me to that opinion which I will take notice of in the generation of creatures which are not fit here to be rehersed but it may be things more wonderful than these and such as will give more light to natural Philosophie shall be publish'd by me Yet in the mean time I will say and propound it without demonstration with the leave of most learned men and reverence to antiquity that the heart as it is the beginning of all things in the body the spring fountain and first causer of life is so to be taken as being joynd together with the veins and all arteries and the blood which is containd in thē Like as the brain together with all its sensible nervs organs and spinal marrow is the adequate organ of the sense as the phrase is But if you understand by this word heart the body of the heart with the ventricles and ears I do not think it to be the framer of the blood and that it has not force vertue motion or heat as the gift of the heart and next that the same is not the cause of the Diastole distention which is the cause of the Systole and contraction whether in the ears or arteries but that part of the pulse which is call'd a Diastole comes of another cause diverse from the Systole and ought to go before every Systole I think the first cause of distention is innate heat in the blood it self which like leaven by little and little attenuated and swelling is the last thing that is extinct in the creature I agree to Aristotles instance of pottage or milk in so far as he thinks that elevation or depression of the blood does not come of vapours or exhalations or Spirits rais'd into a vaporous or eareal form nor is not caus'd by any external agent but by the regulating of Nature an internal principle Nor is the heart as some think like a charcoal-fire like a hot Kettle the beginning of heat and blood but rather the blood delivers that heat which it has receiv'd to the heart as likewise to all the rest of the parts as being the hottest of all Therefore arteries and the coronal veins are assign'd to the heart for that use which they are assign'd to the rest of the parts to wit for influx of heat for the entertaining and conservation of it therefore all the hotter parts how much more sanguine they are and more abundant with blood they are said convertibly so to be and thus the heart having signall concavities is to be thought the Ware-house continuall fire and fountain of the blood not because of the corpulency of it but because of the blood which it contains like a hot Kettle as in the same manner the spleen lungs an other parts are thought hot because they have many veins or vessels containing blood And after this manner do I believe that the native heat call'd innate to be the first efficient cause of pulse as likewise to be the common instrument of all operations This as yet I do not constantly aver but propound it as a Thesis I would fain know what may be objected by good and learned men without scurrilitie of words reproaches or base language and any body shall be welcome to do it These things then are as it were the parts and the footsteps of the passage and Circulation of the blood to wit from the right ear into the ventricle out of the ventricle through the lungs into the left ear then into the left ventricle into the aorta and into all the arteries from the heart by the porosities of the part into the veins and by the veins