which keeps his Court in the Spleen Thus you see how Elements Complexions and Humors are subservient the one to other even as the Spirit Soul and Body are if we may reason a minore ad maâ—uâ— in the Microcosm 5. Meâ—bâ—â—s or Limbs are Simple or Compound Principal or Subservient First Simple Members are 1. Bones 2. Cartilages 3. Ligaments 4. Veins 5. Arteries 6. Nerves 7. Tendons 8. Panides 9. Fat 10. Flesh 11. Skin Secondly Compound Members are 1. Head 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Lungs 5. Legs 6. Arms 7. Hands Thirdly Principal Members are 1. Brain 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Testicles Fourthly Members Subservient are 1. Nerves to carry the Animal Spirit 2. Arteries to carry the Vital Spirit 3. Veins to carry the Natural Spirit 4. Spermatick Vessels to carry the Procreative Spirit 6. Vertues are that whereby these act the Body and they are Vital Natural and Animal I forbear writing of them there being a Treatise of them Astrologo Physically handled by me already at the latter end of my Ephemeris for 1651. 7. Operations of these upon the Body of man are First The Animal Vertue causeth 1. Imagination Apprehension Fancy Opinion Consent c. in the two former Ventricles of the Brain 2. Judgment Esteem Reason Resolution Disposing Discerning in the middle Ventricle of the Brain 3. Calling to mind what is to come Remembrance of what is past in the hinder Ventricle of the Brain Secondly The Vital Vertue moveth 1. Joy Hope Mirth Singing by dilating the Heart 2. Sadness Sorrow Fear Sighing c. by compressing the Heart Thirdly The Natural Vertue 1. Altereth Food into Chyle Chyle into Blood and Humors Blood into Flesh 2. Joyneth formeth ingendreth encreaseth and nourisheth the Body of Man And now you see what Galen intends by a Healthful Body namely such a one where all these keep a good and orderly decorum CHAP. 5. Of a Body Vnhealtbful 1. A Body is simply unhealthful which is born mutilated by Nature as wanting some Members or some Operations or sences that is not perfect in respect of those Seven Natural things before mentioned as that cannot See Hear or Smel or is a Fool c. 2. According to time a Body is unhealthful that is at present sick in Body or distemper'd in mind or his Body broken or bruised in any part of it whether internal or external that hath an accidental distemper in any of the seven Natural things This is so cleer it needs no Comment CHAP. 6. Of a Body Neutral THis as we told you before carries a threefold signification 1. As things partake of either extremety swerving from the Rules of Healthfulness 2. As they partake of both of them together equally 3. As somtimes the one exceeds somtimes the other in respâ—ect of time 1. Taken in the first Sence it is an exquisite medium between healthful and unhealthful Bodies And that First Naturally or Simply as many people are born of unhealthful or sickly Constitutions so that the Nativity as a cause produceth such an effect in every age Secondly According to time when the Body is neither perfectly in Health nor yet sick such a one as the proverb saith Is neither sick enough to lie in Bed nor well enough to follow his Imployment 2. Taken in the Second Sence A Neutral Body is such a Body as partakes of diverse contrary qualities either in one part of the Body or in diverse when there is an opposition between them and this concerns either the Formation of the Body or the Endowments of the mind or temperature of the parts when one contrary appears healthful the other unhealthful and this also 1. As it appears generally in al the ages of the Life 2. As it appears but particularly at some certain times 3. Taken in the third Sence it is when the ages of a mans Life Differ in respect of Health and Sickness as a man may be healthful in his Childhood and unhealthful in his youth and the contrary viz. sickly in his infancy and healthful in Youth c. Culpepers Comment The First of these needs no explanation the other two are somthing Obscure as in the second Galen saith a man may partake of contrary qualities in the formation of the Body Viz. A man may have a Hâ—ad too big and feet as much too little a man may have a Nose exceeding the common bigness and Eyes as much less than the common proportion and the like 2. In the Endowments of mind as thus A man may have a very good Apprehension yet a bad Memory a man may have very good Judgment in ordering a Battel and yet be a Coward 3. In the temperature of the parts the Liver may be â—oo hot and yet the Brain too cold you may understand the rest by these examples which are sufficient to explain Galens meaning To the third When the Ages of a mans Life differ in respect of health and sickness saith Galen which is no more than thus to give you one example A Childs Body or any part thereof may be too hot by reason of sucking a Chollerick Woman in youth either the whol Body or the same part of it may be too cold imagine the Liver Brain or the like it may be too hot in Manhood too cold in Age or the contrary to these Thus much for Bodies we come now to unfold the Signs CHAP. 7. Of SIGNS OF these some indicate present health others proclaim health to come a third sort put us in mind of health past In the same manner likewise some unhealthful Signs shew present Sickness others give fair warning that sickness is coming other indications call to our remembrance the sickness past Imagine the like by Neutrals some shew a present Neutral condition foreshew it coming call it to mind being past and shew a disposition as well healthful as sickly The use of the First and Second of these is admirable the last is not so absolutely useful And thus have we shewed you what Signs are we come to treat of them particularly CHAP. 8. Signs of a very good Constitution OF these some are deduced from the Reason or Essential Cause thereof or from necessary consequen which follow such operations and cases of which the first are called Essential the otheâ— Accidental Such as are Essentially of good Constitution are such in whose Bodies heat coldness driness and moisture are equally tempered the Instruments of the Bodie are composed in every part of due bigness number place and Formation Culpeper I shall here for the benefit of yong Students intermix my Comment with the Text Whereas Galen saith a good Constitution consists of heat cold driness and moisture equally tempered you must not imagine they are so all over the Body but according to place for the Heart is and should be hotter than the Brain c. but each part exceeds not its due proportion in these the Brain is not hotter colder drier nor moister than it should be judg so by the Heart
Men must use 1. Such meats as are hot moist and easie to digest 2. Such drinks as make the Humors thin and purge the blood by Urine My third Principle consists in Excrements of the Body These consist in Fulness and Emptiness which I shall devide and speak of both apart and therefore 1. Of Fulness in which consider 1. Its Substance 2. Its Kinds 3. Its Differences 4. Its Place 5. Its Cause 6. Its Signs 7. Its Cure 8. Its Accidents First Fulness in Substance is 1. Of Nourishment either profitable or unprofitable 2. Of Spirits either gross or thick or subtil and thin 3. Of Humors either good or bad 4. Of Excrements which are diverse Secondly The kinds of Fulness are either in Quantity or Quality 1. In Quantity in respect of Nourishment or Humors In respect of Humors 1 When all the Humors abound which the Greeks call Plethora the Latins Plenitudo and we properly may call Fulness and this happens either in the Veins or Arteries 2 When only one Humor abounds Puta Choller Flegm Melancholly 2. In respect of Quality when the Humors are hotter colder thicker thinner salter sowrer c. than is fit and this is called Carochymial Thirdly Its Differences are 1. Universal possessing the whol Body 2. Particular possessing only some part thereof Fourthly The place is different according to the matter offending be it Nourishment Spirits Humors or Excrements Fifthly The Cause is either General or Particular 1. General is 1 Meats corrupted in digestion for want of heat when the Stomach is not hot enough to digest the meat 2. Humors being either Plenitude or Cacochymia which what they are you had before 2. The Particular Cause is either of Spirits or Excrements Sixthly The Signs are different answering to the diversity of the Causes Seventhly Cure must be 1. According to the matter offending and place offended 2. The Evacuation of Plenitude is by Bleeding of Cacochymia by Purging Eighthly The Accidents are diverse according to the cause offending and place offended Having now spoken of Fulness what remains but that in sober sadness we speak a word or two of Emptiness in which consider 1. Its Definition 2. Its Kinds 3. Its Differences 4. Its Causes 5. Its Signs 6. Its Cure First The Definition of Emptiness consists 1. In want of Nourishment Spirit or Radical moisture 2. In the deminishing of these either in the General or Particular Secondly Its Kinds are 1. General when the whol Body grows thin weak slender or empty 2. Particular when any part of the Body was served the same Sawce Thirdly Its Differences are 1. Universal in the whol Body 2. Particularly in some part Fourthly Its Causes are 1. By Art as Purging Bleeding Sweating c. 2. By Accident as 1. By Obstruction of the Passages either of Vital heat or the Nutritive Faculty or avoiding of Excrements 2. By a Flux which either washeth away the Natural substance or hinders either Nourishment or Spirits from a particular place in the Body Fifthly The Signs of this is an Atrophia which is nothing else but a wasting or consuming of the whol Body or some particular part Sixthly The Cure is done 1. By removing the Cause 2. By restoring the lost substance My Fourth Principle consists in sleeping and watching which because they are inconsistent together we will treat of them apart in some particulars yet because Nature hath joyned them together so will I do also in others In sleep consider 1. What it is 2. Its Cause 3. Its Time 4. Its Quantity First Sleep is Rest and Quietness of the Body of the Mind and of the Spirits Secondly The Cause of sleep is 1. A sweet Vapor sent unto the Brain 2. The coldness of the Brain turns those Vapos into Humorâ— 1. Stopping the Conduits of the Nerves thereby prohibiting motion 2. Stopping the Sensoria or waies of the Sences thereby prohibiting understanding 3. Prohibiting the Spirits and thereby withstanding instigation to action Thirdly As for the time of sleeping the day-time is disliked and the night accounted only fitting Fourthly The Quantity of sleep is six seven or eight Hours according to the Complexion of the party of which you have plentiful information before The Difference of sleeping and watching are only Moderate and Immoderate I shall joyn them together in the first and see if I have writ enough to separate them in the second Both sleeping and watching moderately used for if you use the one immoderately you must needs do both so 1. Comforts Nature much 2. Refresheth the Memory 3. Cheers the Spirits 4. Quickens the Sences 5. Revives the Animal Vertue 6. Strengthens the Body 7. Helps Digestion 8. Expels Excrements The Vices of them both are far different and although I can close with those that have written Ethicks in this That all Vertues are a Medium between two Vices yet in other of their Tenets I cannot because some of them lead men to Atheism The Immoderate use then of sleeping and watching I shall speak of apart Immoderate watching 1. Makes giddy Brains 2. Fills the Body full of Rhewm 3. Dries the Brain 4. Breeds Aposthumes 5. Troubles the Spirits 6. Causeth Crudities 7. Makes Fools Immoderate sleep 1. Dulls the Sences 2. Causeth superfluous Excrements 3. Makes dull wits especially in old folks and Children 4. Retains the Excrements 5. Overmoistens the Brain 6. Fills the Brain full of Crudities I am now come to my Fifth part which consists in Exercise and Rest and this I shall wholly take apart In Exercise consider 1. What it is 2. Its Difference 3. Its Effects First Exercise is either Of the Body as cleaving of Logs c. Or of the Mind as Study c. Or of both as the Art of Defence c. Secondly The Differences of Exercise are 1. Moderate which is neither too much nor too little 2. Immoderate which is either Vehement or Excessive Thirdly The Effects of Exercise I shall take apart and I do not know but I may lawfully do so seeing neither God nor Nature have joyned them together Moderate Exercise 1. Stirs up Natural Heat 2. Equally distributes the Spirits 3. Opens the Pores 4. Wasts the Excrements of the third digestion 5. Strengthens the Body Sences and Spirits 6. Comforts all the Members 7. Profits Nature much Immoderate Exercise 1. Hurts the Body and all the Parts of it 2. Wasts dries consumes and wearies the Body and Spirits 3. Overthrows Natures Actions Thus having done with Exercise 't is best to write a word of Idleness or Rest. Rest is either Moderate or Immoderate Moderate Rest 1. Comforteth and refresheth Nature 2. Maintains Health in a good Decorum 3. Recruits a tyred Brain 4. Strengthens the Body in General the Sences and Members in Particular Excess in Rest or extream Idleness which you please 1. Dulls the Mind the Sences and Principal Instruments of the Body 2. It causeth Crudities evil Humors evil Excrements cold Sicknesses infinite Infirmities 3. Hastens old Age 4. Causeth Deformity
Galen's Art Of PHYSICK Proemium CHAP. I. ALL the order and Method of Physick so far as concerns Order may be reduced to these three Heads 1. The first consists in Notion which is done by Resolution 2. The Second consists in Composition of those things which are found out by this Resolution And 3. The Third of the Dissolution of Definition This Third contains not only the Dissolution of Definition or defining Diseases but also an explication Resolution Division Explanation or Exposition upon them this is the Basis of our Work at this time and indeed this laies down the Way and Order to the whol Practice of Physick and truly excels the other two as much as the Light of the Sun doth the Light of the Moon and we have drawn it into a very short Compendium that so we may benefit your Judgment and not burden your Memory we have devided it into an hundred Chapters whereof this is the first each of the rest contain easie Rules of Definition yea so easie that a Child of seven yeeâ—s old may understand them and so short that they will not be burdensom to the weakest Memory and although some of the Chapters be very short yet they contain very necessary Rules distinct fâ—om the rest and he knows nothing that knows not this That Order and Method help the Memory much But put all the Chapters together and they compleatly contain the Definition and Explanation of the whol Art for from these do all Diseases arise and in these doth the very Essence of Physick consist As for the Contemplative part of Physick that hath been largely peâ—formed by us in many Treatises which any that pleaseth may make use of We come now to the matter it self only we desire you to take notice that these Heads are more largely discoursed of here and there in other of our Treatises only we drew them up here in this form to satisfie the desires and inform the Judgments of such as intend to study Physick CHAP. 2. What Medicine is MEdicine is the Knowledg of things Healthful not Healthful and Neutral This Definition is nothing else than if you should say Medicine is the Knowledg of things belonging to the Sick 't is not one whit more nor less The Name of the Science which is Medicine is common and can in no wise be taken in a proper sence but things healthful unhealthful and neutral carry each of them a threefold signification viz. As a Body as a Cause and as a Sign For 1. A Body which naturally is apt to live in health and a Cause which is able to effect this and to preserve it being effected and a Sign which is able to sâ—ew and indicate which way this is to be done all these the Grecians customarily call things healthful 2. The Body surprized and seized by a Disease the Cause which causeth and continueth this Disease and the Indications or Signs which give testimony what this Disease is they also term things unhealthfull 3. In things Neutral they are guided by the same Rules of which we shall speak more in the Third and Sixt Chapters And here we must also make a difference between Science and Action or if you will between the Theorical and Practical part of Medicine For 1. The Theory regards first the Cause of things Healthful then of things Unhealthful Lastly oâ— things Neutral After this of Bodies first Healthful then Unhealthful and in the last place Neutrals and it walks by the same Rules in Signs or Indications But 2. In Actions or Practice The knowledg of the Body is the first thing which is minded and this is found out by the Signs and the last search in respect of time is after the Cause CHAP. 3. How many several waies A Cause may be said to effect a Sign to give Indication and a Body to receive BUt sâ—eing that a Cause may be said to effect a Sign to give Indication and a Body receive two waies 1. Simply 2. According to time We must know that the Art of Medicine comprehends them both Simply they do it two waies viz. Alwaies and for the most part both these the Art of Medicine handles But as for things Neutral they are to be considered both in respect of Body Cause and Sign and in those both Simply and according to time under a threefold Consideration and the Reason is because things Neutral partake of Contraries somtimes of one somtimes of the other and somtimes of both together and this last is twofold for somtimes it participates of contraries equally somtimes of one more than another There is in all this Definition if we dilligently heed the words a certain doubtfulness or ambiguity which knot ought to be unloosed that so all things may be made cleer and we may not seem instead of teaching people to lead them into ignorance as the Colledg of Physitians doth and that we may so do we will devide the business and speak of them all particularly We told you Medicine was the exact Knowledg of things Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral and each of these to be considered as a Body as a Sign as a Cause we shall now address our selves to handle 1. Such Bodies as are Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral 2. Such Signs as are Healthful Unhealthful and Neutral 3. Such Causes as are Healthfulâ— Unhealthful and Neutral In all these we shall be both as brief and withal as plain as we can CHAP. 4. Of Healthful Bodies 1. A Body is Simply said to be healthful when it is in good natural temper when the seven Natural things viz. Spirits Elements Complexions Humors Members Vertues Operations keep a good decorum then is a Body Simply said to be in Health 2. A Body in Health according to time is taken not according to the Natural inclination of the Body as the former was but when it is in such a Natural temper as we shewed before only for the time being the former is proper to the Body this but accidental Thus Galen Culpepers Comment I shall here explain a little Galens meaning in those words of his Seven Natural Things 1. Spirit Taken in a Physical sence is an airy substance very subtil and quick dispersed throughout the Body from the Brain Heart and Liver by the Nerves Arteries and Veins by which the powers of the Body are stirred up to perform their Office and Operation 2. An Element is a Body pure simple unmixed from which all Natural things have their Original they are held to be in number four Fire Air Water Earth their Operations are Active as heat and cold Passive as driness and moisture 3. Complexions are the Operations of these Elements upon Mans Body as when the Fire prevails the body is Chollerick when the Air he is Sanguine when the Waâ—er he is Flegmatick when the Earth he is Melanchollâ— 4. Humors are 1. â—holler whose Receptacle is the Gall 2. Blood whose Seat is the Liver 3. Flegm placed in the Lungs 4. Melancholly
if they be sick but if it be natural to them it is very hairy they are full of action hasty in all things angry and Tyrannical Culpeper Herbs Medicinal for such as labor under this Infirmity are Borrage Bugloss Sorrel Woodsorrel Lettice Purslane c. these and Syrups or Conserves made of them also let such drop four or five drops of Oyl of Vitriol or Spirit of Salt in their Drinks and shake it up and down before they drink it Chap. 34. Signs of a hot and moist Heart IF moisture together with heat predominate at the Heart the Mans Breast is not so tough nor hairy they are quick enough to anger and Action but not so cruel in their anger as if driness prevail their Pulse is great soft swift and frequent If the Breast be large they draw their Breath very deep if narrow very thick and their experation or letting out their Breath is done with more swiftness than their inspiration or drawing in their Breath such Bodies are mighty subject to Diseases of Putrefaction of Humors Culpeper Things Medicinal for such are Conserves of red Roses Syrup of Violets of Bawm and of Citron Pils as also of the Juyce of Citrons and Lemmons Preserved Citron Pills c. As for Simples Citron Seeds Rue Bawm Angelica Roots and Leaves Woodsorrel the Flowers os Roses Borrage Bugloss and Violets above all sweating and Bleeding may be commended in this infirmity Harts-horn Ivory Scorzonera Roots and Roots of Butter-Bur c. Chap. 35. Signs of a cold and moist Heart INdications of the Heart when coldness with moisture abounds are softness of the Pulse Fearfulness of Mind slowness of Body he hath scarce Spirit enough to be angry much less to fight as for such things as belongs to the Breast and the rest of the Body you may distinguish them as you were taught before Culpeper Much exercise is very convenient for such Bodies I suppose there were but few troubled with this infirmity in the Spartan Common-wealth in Lycurgus his time Thrashing and cleaving Loggs is good Physick for them For Medicines Aromaticum Rosatum and Aromaticum Caryophillatum Confectio Alchermes Mithridate c. For Simples Rue Angelica Roots Nutmegâ— Cinnamon Saffron Marigold Flowers Bettony Bawm Alicampane Rosemary Leaves and Flowers Cum multis aliis quae nunc praescribere longum est Chap. 36. Signs of a cold and dry Heart THe Heart being cold and dry renders the Pulse hard and small yet respiration if the smalness of the Breast answer to the coldness of the Heart is moderate if the Breast be very Broad 't is â—are and slow above all men these are least prone to anger but once anger them and they will never care for you more there is not one of a hundred of them that hath any Hair of his Breast Take this common Notion in all this we have written or shall write concerning this Subject That we when we speak of the Conditions of Men speak of them barely as they are Natural and ingrafted in Man not as they are amended by Phylosophy or Education Culpeper Conserves of Roses Borrage Bugloss and Rosemary Flowers is very good for such as also Marigold Flowers Saffron green Walnuts preserved Juniper Berries Bettony Candied Citron Pills c. Chap. 37. Signs of a hot Liver THe Indications of a hot Liver are bigness of the Veins abundance of red Choller viz. Choller addust the Belly and Bowels are rough and the Blood hot also the whol Body is distempered with heat unless the coolness of the Heart hinder Chap. 38. Signs of a cold Liver THe coldness of the Liver is known by narrowness of the Veins abundance of Flegm the whol Constitution of the Body is cold idle and lazy unless the Heart be all the hotter the Bowels and Belly Viz. The Region of them is smooth Chap. 39. Signs of a dry Liver A Dry Liver causeth thick Blood and but a little of it the Veins aâ—â— hard the whol Body is dry and needs must if the Liver that makes the Blood which nourisheth it be so Chap. 40. Signs of a moist Liver A Moist Liver gives abundance of Blood but there is much water amongst it the Veins are soft and so is all the Body unless the Heat of the Heart withstand it Thus much for the qualities of the Liver considered as Simple by themselves and not commixed with one another Chap. 41. Signs of a hot and dry Liver THe Indications af the Liver when it is hotter and drier than it ought to be are The Bowels are rough the Blood thick and dry soundly pestered with Choller it is yellow Choller in youth but black or addust Choller in age the party is subject to dry Scabs the Veins are large and hard and although the Heat of the Heart may withstand the coldness of the Liver yet cannot the moisture of the Heart withstand the driness of the Liver for the driness of the Heart is sooner overcome by the moisture of the Liver than the driness of the Liver by the moisture of the Heart Culpeper Herbs Medicinable are Liverwort Strawberry and Violet Leaves Râ—isons of the Sun Endive Succory Fumitory Water-Lillies Letticâ— Purslain Nightshade these or any of these or others like them in operation are excellent to boyl in clarified Whey in the Summer time Also the Compounds of them Syrups or Conserves made of them as also Dandelyon Scabious Devils bit Scurvy-grass Groundsel Peach Leaves Dyers Weed Furs Flowers c. Chap. 42. Signs of a Hot and Moist Liver IF the Liver be hot and moist the Bowels are not so rough as when it is hot and dry they abound exceedingly with Blood their Veins are large the habit of their Body hot and moist unless the heat of the Heart spoil all If these two Qualities surpass the Bounds of Nature and Mediocrity presently comes a Disease of Putrefaction of corrupt Humors if moisture abound more than heat of adustion of Blood if heat abound more than moisture Culpeper This Temper of the Liver keeping a due decorum makes a pure Sanguine Complexion as the former did a Chollerick for all Complexions or at least such as people call Complexion comes from the Liver If the qualities of the Liver abound Bleeding and Sweating is your Cure afterward if your Liver be too hot you may cool it as you were taught before if too cold you may heat it as you shall be taught hereafter Chap. 43. Signs of a Cold and Moist Liver THe Indications of a Liver colder and moister than it ought to be gives smooth and slick Bowels the Veins are narrow the colour pale and the Blood is filled with Flegm the whol Body if the heat of the Heart hinder not is full of Flegm lazy idle dull fat and plump Culpeper Here you have the Description of a Flegmatick Complexion wherein if you perceive Flegm exceed the due limits of reason you may thus correct the cold and moist temper of the Liver that so it may breed better
somtimes another help Therefore seeing in these very intentions some causes are Healthful we will make some repetition of what belongs to our purpose when the Air is temperate to a Body of the best Constitution a moderate quantity both of meat and drink sleeping and watch motion and rest c. is convenient but when the Air is distemper'd you must vary the rest accordingly that so the Body may neither shake for cold nor sweat for heat as for motion when your body begins to be weary leave off exercise the quantity of food is known by the perfectness of digestion and the excrements avoided ought to be according to the quantity of the food taken in for a good Nature appetites no more than it concocts and the contrary shews a failing in Nature also Nature when it is strong is able to set bounds to sleep and when the Body needs no more the man wakes there is no failing in the Excrements of Urine Dung c. and if you consider this but well you may easily see such a man is not easily moved by affections of the mind viz. Anger sadness fury fear envy c. for these alter the Body from its natural state Culpeper Although what Galen here saith be plain and as true as plain yet for the Benefit of yong Students I shall explain him a little in his six things not Natural for indeed the right course of preserving health consists principally in the right use of these They are as we told you 1. Air 2. Meat and Drink 3. Sleeping and Watching 4. Excrements of the Body 5. Exercise and Rest. 6. Affections of the Mind Of all these in Order and that so plain that a Child may understand it that can but reade his Pater-noster The first part consists in Air in which consider 1. Its Temperature 2. Its Difference 3. Its Quality 4. Its Scituation 5. How it alters our Bodies 6. Its Utility or Profit First Air for its Temperature 1. Considered in it self is cold and moist but not so moist as cold for it produceth the coldest effects to mortals viz. Snow and Ice and is indeed the coldest Element 2. Considered by accident as it participates of the reflective Beams of the Sun it is hot and moist and at some times far hotter and far moister than at other some and so we are here to consider it Secondly The Differences of Air are two 1. Good and Temperate 2. Evil and Intemperate Thirdly The Quality of the Air is altered two waies and it must then you will confess alter the Body as many 1. By the Region as it is well or evil tempered and that 's the reason Agues are so rife in Fenny Countries 2. By the wind and so 1. The East Wind is hot and dry attractive blasting 2. West Wind cold and moist expulsive 3. South Wind hot and moist putrefactive 4. The North Wind cold and dry retentive Fourthly Scituation of the place alters the Air For 1. Stony ground is cold and dry 2. Sandy ground hot and dry 3. Fenny ground cold and moist 4. Woody and fat Land hot and moist Fifthly The Body of man may be altered by the Air three waies 1. By the Quality of the Air which alters the Body in respect of Region Wind and Scituation of place 2. By the substance of the Air which 1. Being gross thick or cloudy makes fat Bodies and dull Wits 2. Being pure and cleer makes nimble Bodies and quick Wits 3. By snddain change of Air for when sickly people go out of a bad Air into a good they find themselves the worse for the present because Nature abhors all suddain changes Sixthly The profit and operations of the Air upon the Body of man are these 1. It helps to engender both Vital and Animal Spirit 2. It cools the Heart by Inspiration 3. It is the Author of Life Diseases and Death to mortal men and women Meat and Drink was noted to be the second part to be handled in which consider 1. Their Quantity 2. Their Quality 3. Custom 4. Order 5. Time 6. Age First The Quantity of Food must be considered 1. According to the substance of the meat whether hard or easie of Digestion 2. According to the Quality of the Food whether hot cold dry or moist in temper and in each whether they be moderate or immoderate 3. According to the Complexion of the Eater of which we shewed you plentifully before Secondly The Quality of the Food is to be considered 1. As it is good or evil 2. As it is hot cold dry or moist in Operation and in all these whether it be temperately meanly or extreamly so 3. As they nourish much or little 4. As they make Juyce thick or thin watry or gross mean or temperate Thirdly As for Custom in eating and drinking 1. It must be well regarded 2. It is like another Nature 3. It makes bad meats to some better than good meats 4. Such meats as please the Pallats of the Eaters best are usually soonest digested but not alwaies 5. If Custom be bad and must be best do it 1. By degrees 2. In time of health if possible Fourthly In treating of the order of eating and drinking I shall take them apart and so speak of them severally For Meat 1. If the Body be bound eat first such Meats as mollifie if loose such as are astringent 2. Slippery meats eaten first are subject to draw down others indigested 3. Restrictive meats eaten first are subject to hinder such from digestion as are eaten afterwards and thereby cause them to putrefie in the Stomach 4. If you consider the two former Aphorisms you may easily find the reason of the first For Drink 1. Accustom your Body to drink as little as may be between Meals 2. Drink not at all at meals before you have eaten somthing 3. Drink the smallest Beer first and the strongest afterwards and this though it be contrary to the Opinion of all Galenists yet it is synonimous so the truth it self and therefore a Cup of Wine drunk after Meals is wholsom for Ancient People and such as are in a Consumption 4. Drink often at Meals whether you be a thirst or not for that 1. helps digestion 2. mingles the meat in the Stomach 3. helps it to pass its Chyle Fifthly Time of eating regard 1. The Time of the yeer for Winter requires more Meat though less Drink than Summer because the Stomach is then hottest 2. Time of the day and as neer as you can keep the same time of eating Sixthly As for Age 1. Children should 1. Eat meats moderately hot and moist because their Natural temper is so let our Physitians in their Rachites prate their pleasure 2. Let them eat often 3. Let them drink no Wine 2. Yong Men 1. May eat cool Herbs 2. Must eat meats colder moister and of grosser substance 3. Drink but little Wine 4. Use all things in respect of Diet according to Complexion Exercise and Custom 3. Old
I am now come to my last point Affections of the Mind and they are but two Content and Discontent In Content consider 1. What it is 2. Its Effects 3. Its Differences First By Content I mean such affections as are pleasing to the Nature of Man as Hope Joy Lové Mirth c. Secondly By their Effects 1. They dilate the Heart and Arteries 2. They distribute both Vital and Natural Spirit throughout the Body 3. They comfort and strengthen not only the parts of the Body but also the Mind and that in all their actions Thirdly Their Differences are two and no more 1. Moderation which comforts both Body and Mind 2. Immoderation which hurts both Body and Mind First By Discontent I mean such affections as disturb the Body as Anger Hatred Fear for things to come Care for things past Sorrow Grief of Mind c. Secondly The Effects of it are 1. They devert the Vital heat from the Circumference to the Center thereby consuming the Vital Spirits drying the Body and causing Leanness 2. They are forerunners of Evil 3. They are Destroyers Overthrowers and Murderers both of Body and Mind 4. They hasten old Age and death by consuming Radical Moisture Thus much for my Comment upon this Chapter which if it light into the Hands of a wise man I have written enough if of a Fool too much Chap. 86. Of Venereals THe Opinion of Epicurus was that it was Unhealthful for man to come to the School of Venus but indeed and in truth the Exercise is beneficial if a due interval of time be observed And this you may know if the man find himself the better and not the worse after the Act. As for the time to such business Let not the Body be too full nor too empty too hot nor too cold too dry nor too moist and if you must err in in one of these err as little as you can And because usually errors are in such case let the Body be rather hot than cold full than empty moist than dry Before you come to the School of Venus go to the School of Mars namely Exercise your Body before you take councel of the under sheet and so exercise it that you do not tire it If your Constitution be good you need not fear the Exercise of your Constitution can be otherwaies If there be deficiency in your Body it is no wonder if you reade it in your Child We have given you notice how you may know the deficiencies of your own Body and we have spoken of them severally in other Works of ours If the Temperature of the Body differ from Health the effects of the same Temperature must differ as much from the desired end and in that take a few Rules to help your selves Hot Bodies desire hot Nourishments cold Bodies cold Nourishments dry Bodies dry Nourishments and moist Bodies moist Nourishments and the reason is because every like is maitained by his like Therefore Whereas Motion want of Nourishment Watching a Loosness and Discontent dry the Body and procure Diseases thence coming the contrary to these moisten the Body for likes rejoyce in their likes and keep the Bodies in their Temperature and this we speak concerning Bodies Healthful The inequality of these is the breach of Health in the Body of man the way to correct which we have spoken of before only somthing we shall now ad If the Body be offended by much Idleness we ought to correct it by Exercise but this is to be done by degrees for Nature abhors all sudden change Understand the like by a Body weakned by too much Exercise as also by other things not natural which we spake of in the last Chapter Also it may so come to pass that the Stomach may be colder than it ought to be and yet the Brain at the same time hotter than its due temper in such a case you must remedy them both with Medicines proper for them Do the like by other parts of the Bodie when they are hotter colder drier or moister than they ought to be Culpeper By what means to do this you have before in my Comment Chap. 87. Of Healthful Causes of the Instrumental Parts AS concerning Healthful Causes of the Instrumental parts of the Body some consist in want of error in Formation others in want of error in Magnitude Number and Scituation In Formation many errors happen both in the fashion of the part and if there be any Cavity in it when it differs from the Golden Mean in the Passage Mouth Roughness or Smoothâ—ess these if they differ but little from what naturally they ought to be may deserve the appellation of Healthful but if much they may safely be called Unhealthful but if the difference be so great that the part cannot perform its operation it may truly be said to be sick Also difference must be made in the Quantity of the Defect as also in the Number whether one or moâ—â— or how many of the parts be deficient as also what the Scituation of the deficient part is The Differences then of these are four 1. Such whose Instrumental parts are in a due Decorum 2. Such as differ but little from it and therefore may also be called Healthful 3. Such as differ more and therefore are Unhealthful 4. Such as differ most and therefore are sick As for such Members as offend in Figure or fashion viz. such as are crooked or the like while the Child is yet yong and tender they may be reduced to their Natural habit by binding or such like means but when once the Child is grown up and the parts hardened 't is impossible to reduce them and indeed all errors in the Body are easier to be amended whilst the Body grows than afterwards for then according to the Opinion of most Phyfitians there is no place left for Remedy As for such Members as exceed their due proportion in bigness may be reduced by resting and convenient binding of them also Members may be encreased by motion and moderate rubbing for that calls the Blood to the place All defective parts which have their Original through Blood are not impossible to be corrected or restored but such parts of the Body as are Spermatical or have their Original by Seed are either altogether impossible to be restored or very neer the point although a callous matter grow in their places which performs the same office they did In all these Nature is the Work-woman and the Physitian but her Servant Also somtimes two or three Vices may accompany one and the same Part as in him that we told you before that had a smal and round Stomach and neer the Diaphragma for in him both Magnitude Formation and Scituation were depraved and the greatest Artificialness in the world could never bring this to a natural habit for if his Stomach were never so little full difficulty of breathing followed therefore his only Remedy was to take little meat and drink at a time and