or disquiet us then our peace must needs be great This love of God is manifested to us many ways As 1 By Trials Chastisements Corrections which are bitter for the present sweet in the end so that we know God in these was not angry but did love us 2 By strange and wonderful Deliverances wherein his Power his Wisdom and special love unto us do evidently appear 3 By the return of our prayers which is many times such as that we certainly know that we were heard in Heaven and God did far more for us then we desired or could have desired 4 And most of all when we find our Faith strengthned our Graces increased our Power over Sin improved For by these things we know assuredly that God by the Spirit of Christ dwells in us and we are very sensible of his powerful presence in our Souls as in his Temple By these things when we look back we begin to discover God's everlasting love in Predestination and those stable and unchangeable Decrees made in Christ before the Foundation of the World And when we look forward we see Heaven open Christ our Saviour at his Fathers right hand making intercession for us our Eternal Mansions there by him prepared and an excellent estate of glory ready for us as reconciled and adopted to this estate And upon our Prayers our Eyes are enlightned so that we gain a further knowledge of the hope of his Calling and the Riches of the glory of his Inheritance in his Saints and of the exceeding greatness of his power towards us The more we do good and suffer ill for his sake the greater and more certain our hope of eternall glory is And though we live by hope and see somewhat dimly our heavenly Country afar off and have but some glimmerings of the eternal light that there doth ever shine yet for the present Faith is the substance of these things hoped for and the evidence of these things that are not seen nor enjoyed These imperfect Representations and apprehensions of this glorious estate do inflame our hearts with vehement desires of nearer approaches to our God cause us to presse with all our power towards our heavenly Prize and warmes our hearts with unspeakable joy because we know one day we shall have full Communion with our God and shall never be in danger to sin again Yet this joy § XIV and Peace may be interrupted much abated and sometimes seem to be extinct for a while For according to our neglect and abatement in the exercise of that Sanctifying Power God hath given us and the use of those meanes and our opportunities he hath afforded so our peace and joy abate And much more are they lessened and abated by our grievous sins As by word and prayer this heavenly fire was first kindled so by these it 's kept alive and increased Fervent and frequent prayers serious meditations upon Gods holy Precepts and his gracious Promises with constant practise are like fewel to this fire and like Bellows to stirr it up and cause it burn with a clearer and more ardent flame and so improve this joy unto an high degree But as when we either withdraw the fewel or powre water upon the fire it 's abated and ready to be quenched so by neglect of the former duties and especially by grievous sins we grieve and offend the blessed spirit of joy peace comfort and so he begins to withdraw himself Therefore let us not with Ephesus fall from our first love nor with Laodicea cool in our zeal nor with David contract the guilt of haynous Crimes For we must know that the most just God will judge his own people according to their Works and so reward or punish them If we neglect to walk with Him in the light of holinesse He will refuse to give us the light of joy and comfort When we either abate in our performances or fall into grievous sins our God either by afflictions or admonitioâ—s and reproofs or by the working of the blessed Spirit or by some or all these doth cause us to see our guilt and make us sensible of our sins and so bring us back again And upon our serious return our joyes are revived and our peace restored And great and wonderfull is his care over his Children in this kind for as he prevented them with his grace at first to convert them that he might make them his Children much more when they are his Children and do fall will he prevent them by his grace to raise them up again and revive the sparks of fire remayning He will not suffer them to dye He will punish them that He may Reward as He afflicted the offending Corinthians with sicknesse and some of them with death and so judged and chastened them that they should not be condemned with the World Lest this first Regeneration and title to the eternal inheritance should be in vain He will keep them by his power through faith unto salvation which is ready to be revealed in the last time 1 Pet. 1. 3 4 5. And if his power should not preserve their Faith as well as their Persons they must needs perish He hath signified that the Connexion between their Faith Love Patience and eternall glory is indissoluble For the patience and faith of the Thessalonians in all their persecutions and tribulations they endured were a manifest token of the Righteous judgment of God That they might be counted worthy of the Kingdome of God for which they did suffer 2 Thes. 1. 4 5. For if we suffer with Christ we shall be glorified with him Rom. 8. 17. 2 Tim. 2. 11 12. And this is a faithfull saying These things being so there was little reason why the Remonstrants in their Synodaâ— Acts and Writings should so mince the matter as though they were afraid to give any advantage to the Truth Upon the 5th Article of Perseverance they say that God 1 According to his absolute Power not according to the Law of Grace 2 In an extraordinary not an ordinary way 3 May reward not will reward 4 Not constantly but sometimes 5 Not all his Children but some long and much exercised in Piety and tried in Afflictions with the grace of not failing Perseverance 6 This they will not determine but leave indifferent How this can consist with the Scriptures I know not As there be Spiritual Rewards in this life § XV so there be after Death and before the Resurrection As for the Body because it hath been the Tabernacle of a Regenerate and sanctified Soul and with it a Temple of the Holy Ghost Therefore though it be separated from the Soul and turned into Dust yet it 's laid down in certain hope of the Resurrection For if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the Dead dwell in us then He that raised up Christ from the Dead shall also quicken our Mortal Bodies by his Spirit which dwelleth in us Rom. 8. 12. Besides it 's freed
when we are once in Christ we are not wholly freed from that Sentence because it continues partly in force untill the Resurrection But of these more fully hereafter CHAP. XIV Of the Penalties Executed on Mankind more Partiuclary As also to which the Sentence made it liable FOr the more full understanding of this Judgment § I it will be very convenient to declare 1. More particularly the punishments which were executed upon mankind and whereunto the Sentence made it liable 2. The extent of sin and death in respect of the subject and the Derivation of the same from Adam to his posterity Where something shall be said of Original sin 3. The Attributes of God chiefly manifested in this Judgment 1. For the punishments we must know they were lesse then the desert of this sin For in strict justice man had deserved far more and more grievous punishments then this Sentence did determine For as you shall hear hereafter God punished man Citra condignum far lesse then he deserved And he in great mercy ordained meanes whereby many of these Judgments might be prevented and all in the processe of time removed as he reserved a power to abate them or aggravate them at will and pleasure So that man hath cause to blesse God that though he might Yet he will not always chide neither will he keep his anger for ever He hath not dealt with us after our sins nor rewarded us according to our iniquities Psal. 103. 9 10. Where we may observe the intermission interruption and mitigation of his Justice 1. The intermission of his chiding He sometimes chides but not alwayes as he might 2. The abruption of his anger He chides sometimes and is angry yet he breaks off and continues not his wrath as he might do for ever 3. The mitigation He punisheth and sometimes grievously yet not according to our sins and so much as we deserve And thus his Sentence is to be understood For his execution is the best intepretation of his own mind which he knew best himself when he passed this Judgment Besides the punishment formerly mention'd § II there be many others not there exepressed but either implied and that darkly in that Scripture or more fully expressed in others These are either spirituall and such as immediately affect the soul of man and tend to it's spirituall and eternall misery or such as referr unto his body and temporal estate in this life or such as afflict both body and soul for ever in the world to come if not prevented The first and great penalty spiritual was the losse of Original Righteousness and Holiness when God took away his sanctifying Spirit By this it came to passe that the active free power of man to do good and that which was pleasing to God was not onely weakned but wholly taken away For though the essence and faculties of man remained yet the Spirituall and divine vigour was lost A natural but not a spiritual free will he hath The Councel of Trent tells us that Liberum Arbitriâ—us fuit viribus attenuatum non penitus sublatum Free-will by the Fall was weakned but not wholly lost If they mean that it was so weakned that it lost all spiritual and supernaturall power clearly to understand and effectually to prosecute spirituall good or if any such strength doth remain yet it was given to man and left in his soul for the merit of Jesus Christ promised then they speak the truth otherwise they cannot be excused By this incomparable lâ—sse there followed in mans understanding ignorance and errour and in his wâ—ll perversnesse and a disorder in his faculties and a difference between the rational and sensitive appetite A pronesse or strong inclination to that God forbids and a disaffection to all Heavenly good The soul hath loâ—â— all rellish of heavenly things Besides this Man became subject and a slave to Sathan who thereupon could easily bâ—ind and delude his understanding and pervert his will so that nothing so heynous but he could perswade him unto it and work in his heart an hatred of the Power of Godlinesse That there was such a Penalty which passed upon Adam and Eve and all their Posterity may be made evident out of Gods word For 1. The nakednesse shame fear hiding from Gods presence false pretences of fear and slight and excuses of their sin in our first parents do imply this 2. What necessity is there of every son of Adam even the best to be born again and that of water and the spirit before he can enter into the kingdom of God if man by this fall had not lost the Sanctifying spirit How comes it to passe that except the spirit of Christ be in us we are carnally minded at enmity against God so that we are neither subject to the Law of God neither indeed can be 3. What necessity is there to turn men from the power of Satan to God Act. â—6 18. and to be deâ—â—â—ered from the power of darkness and translated into the kingdom of Gods Dear Son Col. 1. 13 To this purpose I might multdiply other 〈◊〉 of Scripture to prove that this was one great penalty consequent to the sin of Adam Another penalty was § III the loss of Gods comforting spirit For where the spirit doth ceaâ—e to sanctifie it doth cease to comfort And hence the losse of boâ—dnesse confidence peace heavenly joy sweet communion with God testimony of a good conâ—cience right to the life and all Solace that might arise from the hope and assurance thereof Instead of these succeeded horror grief anguish perplexity an â— despair so that he conceived and found himself cast out of Gods presence and favour This seems to be signified by Gods casting him out of Paradise denying him accesse to the Tree of Life and that must needs torment his soul grievously and perpetually the passage into that Holy happy place was guarded by Angels with a fiery sword This was the Sentence of Excommunication executed upon him signifying that seeing man had sinned and polluted himself there was no possibility of Life by the Law of works And except Christ by his blood had quenched the fire of Gods wrath and made a new passage to Life we had perished for evermore and to draw near to God was to approach to a consuming fire to our eternall destruction We must needs think that Adam looked back towards the Tree of Liâ—e with weeping eyes and an heavy heart especially when he considered the distance and the impossibility of accesse How grievously did wicked cursed Cain complain of this that he was cast out of Gods sight How importunately doth David deprecate this punishment saying Lord cast me not out of thy presence and take not thine Holy spirit from me Besides this he became timerous and of a dejected spirit 〈◊〉 having lost that Majesty whereby he awed the inferiour creatures and his dominion over them was much impaired The penalties § IV which referred unto his body
Attribute which God did exercise § III and manifest in this Judgment passed upon man was his Mercy which is his free love of man who had made himself unworthy For after that he had sinned and made himself miserable though his misery were an object of compassion yet his sin did provoke to anger and deserved vengeance God looking upon man in this condition was more willing to pitty him then to punish him to remove the sin then to destroy the sinner He was unwilling all Mankind should perish as they must needs have done if he had proceeded in strict justice against them The sin in it self was no fit subject of mercy yet seeing that Woman was deceived by the subtilty of the Devil and Man by Woman his dearest Wife brought into transgression God took occasion to pitty them yet there could be no mercy for them except it issue out of the abundant goodness of God who is slow to anger and so much inclined to compassion and willing in this particular rather to manifest the glory of his mercy then of his justice Man had made himself unworthy and liable to eternal misery and God might have eternally punisht him and that justly too yet mercy kept justice back mitigated the rigour of it and confined it in a narrow compass to inlarge her self more abundantly This mercy was the Fountain from which issued the Promise of Christ the ruine of Sathan's Kingdom the Redemption of Mankind the Relicks of God's Image the means of Conversion the patience long-suffering bounty and clemency of God the gifts of the Spirit the remission of sin and eternal life And that God might be placable Sin pardonable Man saveable he accepts Christ's propitiation reverseth the Law of Works as requiring and that strictly perfect and perpetual obedience as the condition of life and makes a new Law and Covenant which determines Faith to be the condition of life and that condition to be performed by the power of the Spirit merited by and restored for Christ's sake This mercy did appear in this great Judgment many ways § IV 1. God sentenced the Devils in the first place and that without any mercy and for this very cause even because they had attempted the eternal ruine of man which upon the success of their damned Design had proved unavoidable and the recovery of man impossible if God should not have done some extraordinary work to prevent it Upon this fiery indignation of God against these Liars and Murderers of Mankind expressed in this Sentence it did appear 1. That the punishment to be suffered by these cursed Fiends was grievous unavoidable and unremovable for ever 2. That God was highly displeased at their malice shewed against and the mischief done to Mankind in that he takes so fearful vengeance upon them 3. That there was some pitty in God towards poor man trembling at the Bar of God for though their folly was inexcusable yet their condition considering the temptation was lamentable 2. This mercy was manifest in an high and extraordinary degree and measure in that in this Sentence he promiseth or at least implies a most certain promise of Jesus Christ a Saviour and Redeemer It 's true that this great promise was folded and wrapt up in a few words and the same very mysterious as we read them in Moses Gen. 3. 15. But those very words inform us 1. That the Redeemer should be the Seed of the Woman that Woman whom the Serpent had so deluded and who now stood guilty before God's Tribunal 2. That this Seed of the Woman should bruise the Serpents head and so be the ruine of his Kingdom and Dominion over Man 3. That he should not obtain this Victory without Blood for his Head must be bruised and he put to death And there is not onely an Emphasis but a Mystery in those words The Seed of the Woman The Emphasis is in this That God doth not say an Angel or Spirit or some man more excellent then Adam whom he should create instantly but the Seed a Child a Mortal Man born of that sinful Woman though now contemptible and miserable should encounter the Devil with that power and policy as to foil him The Mystery seems to be this That it 's not said the Seed of Man nor the Seed of Man and Woman but the Seed of the Woman signifying though darkly that Christ should be the Seed and Child immediate of a Woman but of no Man For as he was Man he had an immediate Mother who conceived bare him brought him forth but no immediate Father Upon these words as the condition of Man and Woman became more comfortable so the Kingdom and Government of Mankind began instantly to be altered and a second Adam was appointed their Head to redeem them as the first Adam had undone them We must needs think that our first Parents being sinful guilty and convicted before the Supream Judge of Heaven and Earth stood with sad and heavy hearts expecting their doom and condemnation to Eternal Death until they heard these words The Seed of the Woman should bruise the Serpents Head Then their Despair was turned into Hope and their sinking-dying-hearts began to revive For to them these were words far above all expectation of sweetest comfort Never better words spoken never better heard 3. This mercy was evident in that God did not send the Spirit of Despair nor of Slumber and Security upon them § V nor deliver them up to a reprobate mind as he might justly have done and so made their condition desperate and irrecoverable nor presently execute his judgment Eternal upon them either by taking away their lives in their sin or making their bodies immortal to punishment in body and soul for ever Neither did he take from them the Light of Nature and the sense and power of Conscience but gave them the saving-light of the Gospel and the means of Conversion with the promise of the Spirit All this is evident by the promise of Christ the ruine of Satan's Kingdom a final Victory after a Bloody War in this Sentence of the Devil and it doth further appear by the Education of Cain and Abel and especially in the Faith of Abel That the means of Conversion have been denied several persons whole Tribes many Nations and the greatest part of the World howsoever it might be deâ—erved by this sin of Adam yet usually it 's the punishment of Apostasie as of the generality of mankind before the â—lood of the Gentiles before Christ's incarnation and of the generality of the Jews and many of the Gentiles since the preaching of the Gospel to all Nations And the very Gentiles were not delivered up unto a Reprobate mind before they abused the Light of Nature Yet the very outward means of Conversion were a gift of Free grace for the merit of Christ who was promised of pure and abundant mercy The Sentence of Justice past upon them was allayed § VI and tempered with great mercy
Jew was much mistaken when he conceived that it made voyde the Promise For the Covenant which was confirmed before of God in Christ the Law which was 430. yeares after could not disannull that it should make the promise of none effect Gal. 3. 17. If it had been given for to give life it certainly had made voyd the promise But that was not God's intention in giving the Law And the regenerate Saints of God who lived under the Law were sanctified justified and saved not by vertue of the Law but of the promise confirmed of God in Christ. The law was proper to the Jew and Proselytes incorporated into that state and Church and bound them and no others unto the Ceremonialls to be performed by them in the land of Canaan And though the moral law doth alwayes bind all men to obedience upon certain terms yet it was given in Mount Sinai to them alone and in special relation unto them as appeares by that preface to the decalogue I am the Lord thy God which brought thee out of Egypt out of the house of Bondage The law is called the law of workes and the first Covenant in respect unto the Gospel preached first unto the Jew and to be renned unto them in the latter dayes From all this § III it is apparent that from the times of Adam after that God had said The seed of the Woman shall bruise the Serpent's head the fundamentall lawes of God-Redeemer were the same After that John Baptist appeared in the Wildernesse God began to administer this Kingdome in a different manner For all the Prophets and the law prophesied unto John Math. 11. 14. He was the Horizon as some expresse it between the Old and New Testament Moses and the Prophets foretold Christ more darkly and at a great distance But Hee 1. Signifies that he was neer at hand and that a farr more glorious administration of this Spiritual Kingdome would shortly follow 2. God by him institutes a new rite of admission that was Baptism 3. He Baptizeth Christ the Messias 4. By his Baptism and Doctrin he made way for him 5. Upon the Baptism of our Saviour he discovers him to the people and perswades his disciples to believe in him and gives an excellent testimony of him Yet these things neither tooke away the law nor brought in the Gospel but were a preparative for the same After that Christ was initiated by Baptism § IV and entred into his Office he began to act publickly He baptiseth teacheth the Doctrin of the Kingdom more clearly reveales the mysteryes of Heaven gathereth Disciples ordaines Apostles adds 70 Assistants to them layes the foundation of the Church Christian and by his miracles manifests himself to be the Son of God and Saviour of the world Yet all this was done in the Land of Canaan and amongst his own People For he was sent first to gather the lost sheep of Israel Thus he continued to administer the Kingdom in his own person till his death After and immediately upon his Resurrection he receives universall power manifests himself to his Apostles and many of his Disciples gives commission to his Apostles to go and preach to all Nations after that he had given them instructions and commanded them to stay at Jerusalem till he should send down the Holy-Ghost and begins to exercise his universall power And so that administration which shall continue to the end of the World without alteration did commence But before I speak of this more particularly § V order requires that I say something of his Exaltation which as the Scripture informs us was a reward of his humiliation For because he taking upon him the forme of a Servant became obedient unto death the death of the Crosse therefore God exalted him and gave him a name above every name c. Philip. 2. 8 9 10. This exaltation was properly in respect of his humane nature For as he that exalted him was God so the nature exalted was Man The Power of the Godhead was infinite and eternall and could neither be increased nor communicated The Resurrection of Christ is made by many to be the first degree of his exaltation Yet this considered in it self did give him no power but it freed him from mortality and all kind of sufferings and by it he was made immortall Yet instantly upon his resurrection he was made an everlasting Priest and King and ready and fit as a Priest to Minister and as a King to reign in Heaven This Resurrection for the manner was glorious and wonderfull and for the manifestation of it full and 〈◊〉 That 〈◊〉 the manner it was wonderfull and glorious God made it appear because at the time there was an Earthquake the stone that shut the entrance of his grave was tumbled away an Angel descends with a glorious light the guard that kept the Sepulcher was terrified and fled the bodyes of the dead aroâ—e out of their graves and divers of the Saints raised up together with Christ did appear in the Holy City Thus did God manifest the working of his mighty power which he wrought in Christ when he raised him from the dead Ephes. 1. 19 20. This manner of Resurrection became him who was the first fruits of them that slept 1 Cor. 15. 20. and the head of all those which rise again to glory and his rising is a pattern of the universall Resurrection God is said in many places to have raised him from the dead yet so that his own immortall soul might have some hand in that work For he had power to lay down his life and power to take it up again Joh. 10. 18. He did not rise to dy again as Lazarus did but to be immortall For being raised from the dead he dyeth no more death hath no more dominion over him Rom. 6. 9. The time of his Resurrection was no sooner that he might appear to be dead and no later lest his Disciples Faith already shaken should have â—ayled This day was a day of greater blisse and glory then any since the Creation It was the beginning of the new World and the foundation of the Christian Sabbath celebrated in all times since by the universall Church in memory of this blessed and glorious work This was his justification the confirmation of his satisfaction and merit and Gods acception of that great sacrifice and an absolute Conquest of death which is the last enemy to be subdued in the bodyes of the Saints who are his Church By this also sin and Satan received a fatall wound and Regeneration and the hope of eternall glory depend upon the same They depend upon it not onely in respect of divine institution but because as he had merited so he received a power to regenerate all such as should believe in him and to raise them up to eternall Life For to whomsoever he gives his Regenerating Spirit in this Life that very Spirit once dwelling in us is an evidence and assurance
that we shall rise again to glory For if the Spirit of him that raised up Christ from the dead dwell in us He that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken our mortall bodyes by his Spirit that dwelleth in us Rom. 8. 11. The manifestation was full and clear § VI and for this end he stayed 40. dayes on earth after his resurrection His body was now become spirituall and could appear when and to whom he pleased And he appeares 1. To Mary Magdalene 2. To two Disciples going to Emaus 3. To Cephas 4. To the twelve 5. To 500 Brethren together 6. to James 7. To all the Apostles and that severall times Thomas must not onely see him but with his hands and fingers feel the print of the nailes and the scars of his wounds They eat and drink with him receive instructions and commissions from him and see him taken up into Heaven Steeven Paul and John the Divine see him after he was ascended into Heaven The Souldiers who were set to guard the Sepulcher are forced to be witnesses as of death so of his resurrection The comming down of the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles the miracles done the gifts of the Spirit received in his name the Faith of the world in him do testifie the same So that there can be no reason in the world to doubt of this Resurrection The persons to whom he most of all appeared were the Apostles to whom he shewed himself alive after his passion by many infallible proofs being seen of them 40. dayes and speaking of the things pertayning to the Kingdome of God Act. 1. 3. And the reason hereof was this that they might be witnesses to him both in Jerusalem and in all Judea and in Samaria and unto the uttermost parts of the earth verse 8. And its remarkable that he severall times appeared on the first day of the week as though he intended not onely by his Resurrection but his several apparations to consecrate and honour that day After that Christ was risen § VII and had continued fourty dayes on earth he takes with him to Mount Olivet his Disciples gives them commission to go to all Nations promiseth the Spirit blesseth them and in their sight from that place ascends into Heaven in a cloud For the Angels which appeared unto them in the likenesse of two men in white apparell told them that he was taken up into Heaven Act. 1. 10 11. This Ascension added nothing to his power though it might be a part of his Glory and Honour The place from whence he ascended was the Mount of Olivet at the foot whereof he suffered so much in his bitter Agony where he was betrayed apprehended deserted The place to which he did ascend was Heaven the highest and most glorious place in the world For he ascended far above all Heavens to fulfill all things Eph. 4. 19. The manner of this Ascension was glorious and by way of Triumph For accompanied with Angells he led captivity captive and gave gifts to men Psal. 68. 18. And no doubt hee made open shew of the Principalityes and Powers of Hell which he had conquered It was the greatest and most stately Triumph that ever was in the World Great was the joy of Angells and the Honour of that day wherein the Son of God mounted in his triumphant charior a bright and glorious cloud ascended into that glorious place where in his Fathers presence he after his biter sufferings hath fullnesse of joy and pleasures for ever more Where he hath taken possession of those blessed mansions of eternall rest not onely for himself but in our behalf And Oh that our minds were lifted up above the world and our affections so placed that we might seek those things above where he sitteth at his Fathers right hand that we might have a certain hope that one day he would descend from that holy place and take us with him that we might be where he is and so behold his Glory and be eternally freed from all sin and sorrow And surely if we believe him it was expedient he should depart and leave this Earth not onely for his own Glory but for our comfort that he might send down his Spirit to sanctify comfort and guide us into all truth Daniel saw in his Night-Vision behold one like the Son of man came in the clouds of Heaven and approached to the ancient of dayes and the Angells brought him neer before him This Vision was fulfilled in this Ascension Dan. 7. 13. The Heaven of Heavens was the fittest place not onely for his enjoyment of eternall pleasures but it was a stately Pallace from whence he might exercise his universall Power and administer his eternall Kingdom and be ettended and guarded by the heavenly powers For the Chariots of God are twenty thousands even many thousands and he is in the midst of them as in Sinai even in the holy place Psal. 68. 17. There he as a Priest for ever liveth to make intercession for us and continues our Advocate to plead our cause and make it good before his Fathers Tribunal After that Christ ascended into Heaven § VIII God set him at his right hand For God said unto him Sit thou at my right hand till I make thine Enemies thy Foot-stool To sit at God's right Hand is to reign as King So the Apostle expounds it 1 Cor. 15. 25. Therefore by those words we understand that the highest degree of Honour and Power next unto God was solemnly conferred upon him and he was instantly to begin to exercise the same The Angells and all things were subjected unto and put under his power and he became Administrator-Generall of this spirituall and everlasting Kingdom This Power was given him before For he said that All Power in Heaven Earth was given him whilst he was on Earth Yet now in Heaven he receivs full Possession and was solemnly crowned and enthroned before all the Angells and the Host of Heaven by vertue of these Words Sit thou at my right Hand He was made Law-giver and Judge and could bind men to obedience or punishment and judge them accordingly and determine of their final and eternal estates so as to give them eternal rewards or afflict them with eternal punishments This was part of Daniel's Vision For when one like the Son of Man was brought neer before the ancient of days there was given Him Dominion and Glory and a Kingdom that all People Nations and Languages should serve Him His Dominion is an everlasting Dominion which shall not pass away and His Kingdom that which shall not be destroyed The success and issue of His Administration was a final Victory over all Enemies and a total subduing of all opposite and contrary Powers and also the Eternal Peace and Felicity of His loyal and obedient Subjects As upon His Entrance into the glorious place of Heaven His everlasting Kingdom was established in His hands so His Priest-hood was made
Creatures Yet God is so One that there are no other Gods though there be other Beings Some things are so one as that there are not actually any other of that kind So there is one Sun one Moon one World one Heaven one Earth yet there may be and might have been more if it had pleased God to make them But God is so one as that there is not there cannot be another God Therefore he is onely one and takes up the Deity so fully as that he can admit no fellow That God is onely One the Scriptures testifie Is there any God besides me Yea there is no God I know not any Isa. 44. 8. Thou art God alone is the confession of the Psalmist Psal. 86. 10. and of Christ himself This is Life Eternal to know thee the onely true God These and many other places represent Him not onely as One but as the onely One so that there cannot be another He was alone and the onely One without Superiour Inferiour equal God Nay without any Being but his own Eternal Being before the World was This Unity was manifested in the Creation and Government of the World For as He was the onely one Being in Himself from Everlasting so He is the onely one Creatour the onely one Governour Vniversal and Supream and shall be so to Everlasting He is the onely one Redeemer and Sanctifier from whom the streams of everlasting Bliss do and shall for ever issue This Truth concerning God's Unity was so imprinted in the very hearts of the Heathen that though they did acknowledge and worship many gods yet they believed that there was onely one Supream God who was King and Lord of all the rest The infiniteness of God § IV is that whereby He is without all Bounds of Being in respect of extent or duration Hence arise two Attributes Immensity Eternity All Creatures have their Bounds within the compass whereof their Being is confined Neither Angels nor the Heaven of Heavens are infinite or boundless But great is our Lord and great is his Power his understanding is infinite Psal. 147. 5. The Power and Understanding of God are God They are not accidents and extrinsecal to his Being but they are his Being And if his Power be great and his Understanding infinite so that there is no number of it then his Being is infinite There is no searching of his Understanding saith the Prophet Isa. 40. 28. In which Chapter from ver 22. to 26. is described and that in most stately terms and expressions the greatness of God The terms indeed are suitable to our capacity and may inform us That he is far greater then we can possibly conceive And this Being is in some measure manifested to be infinite and unmeasurable by the great abundance and unsearchable depth of his Wisdom in his Judgments and his ways of special Providence Rom. 11. 33. The Creatures even all and every one of them yea the World it self have their utmost Circumference of space and the periods and terms of their Duration The space which they take up is finite so is the Duration of their Being though drawn out in greatest length Space of place and length of time with their Periods do measure all Yet this Being is beyond the Circumference of the World and the Periods of Time Neither Time nor Place can circumscribe or measure him that is Absolutely every way infinite For he is Immense Eternal His Immensity is that § V whereby he is beyond all measure of space or place Bodies have their Dimensions of length breadth thickness or depth And the Being of Spirits is confined The World and the Heaven of Heavens have their utmost Bounds and therefore are measurable But this glorious Lord and King hath no Dimensions and therefore is immense or unmeasurable The understanding of the Angels perhaps knows the measure and utmost bounâ—s of all things created even of the Heaven of Heavens yet never knew or can know any out-most circumference of the Divine Being God alone doth comprehend himself and is comprehended of himself Because this God is immense therefore he is incomprehensible and omnipresent Hence his Incomprehensibility Ubiquity or Omnipresence His Incomprehensibility is that whereby he cannot be contained of any thing but containeth all things God saith Heaven is my Throne and the Earth is my Foot-stool Isa. 66. 3. And again by another Prophet Do not I fill Heaven and Earth Jer 23. 24. And Solomon confesseth unto God 1 King 8. 27. That the Heavens of Heavens do not contain him The first place informs us that God is so in Heaven that He is on Earth so on Earth that He is in Heaven and in both at the same time Yet Because one may be in some part of Heaven and some part of the Earth at one and the same time yet not in every part of both The second Scripture tells us that He filleth Heaven and Earth and takes up both wholly Yet Lest we should think the outmost circumference of Heaven to be the outmost bounds of his Being and Presence The third place signifies plainly that He is not confined within those Bounds so that He must needs be beyond all place and imaginary space This Incomprehensibility of God's Being though not in it self absolute yet is represented unto us by the largest extent of things created yet so as that his Presence extends beyond the World which cannot contain him but He contains it and therefore is called Hamakom the Place From his Immensity follows also his Ubiquity § VI which is called also his Omnipresence whereby he is in every place This is described also in respect of place and signifies the presence of God and the extent thereof which is so vast that there can be no place where God is not yet no place where God is in it as containing him The words of the Prophet I fill Heaven and Earth do prove this For by Heaven and Earth is signified the whole World beyond which there is no place And to fill the World is not onely to be in some or many parts thereof but to be in all and every part so that no part can be empty of God who is where anything is He takes up the whole vast space of the great Body yet he can neither be in any part or in the whole so as to be contained or concluded in it The Scripture â—ets forth this Attribute by an enumeration of places affirming God's presence in every onâ— Whither shall I go saith the Psalmist from thy Spirit Whither shall I fly from thy presence c. That is If I go into Heaven into Hell into the utmost parts of the Sea into darkness or the most secret places of the World there shall I find thee and meet with thee The Philosophers tell us that everything is in some place either circumscriptively as Bodies or definitively as Spirits so that both are limited yet God is so in all places at all times
shall not ever be totally in Act. For he doth not effect all things which he can but those things which he will He is said to be pure Act in respect of his Essence and eternall acting upon himself And this power as an Attribute is pure act and in that respect is properly actual strength not power physically taken It extends to all things possible and is able to produce them But we must not think that they are possible or producible in themselves but in respect of this power And it 's to be conceived first as able to effect before it actually effect any thing as it actually effecteth all things that are effected It 's the root and originall of all created active Power and all Created causes are effects of it and act as acted and moved by him How it acts and concurrs with free Agents when they sin the Wit of Man cannot clearly understand and satisfie it self But this is certain that as the Decree so the Power is alwayes regulated by the Wisdom and Juctice of God It 's great and irresistible For though men and Angels may disobey his Lawes yet they cannot resist or hinder his power For he is in the Heavens and hath done whatsoever he pleased Psal. 115. 3. And whatsoever the Lord pleased that did He in Heaven and in Earth in the Seas and all deep places Psal. 135. 6. Therefore if God promise great things and such as to man may seem impossible we may safely rely upon Him What is said shall certainly be done Thus â—art the Works of God have been considered in respect of the Essence § VIII It remaines that we observe them with respect unto the Father Son and Holy Ghost In this later respect the Authours of Theologicall Systems inform us of two things Their Co-operation Distinct manner of Working The Co-operation is that whereby the Father Son and Holy Ghost concur as one Individual efficient cause of every Work and effect out of themselves In this respect that 's true that Opera Trinitatis ad Extra sunt indivisa What one is said to do all are to be understood to do The Father doth not create without the Word nor was the Word made flesh nor did redeem without the Father nor the Holy Ghost sanctifie without the Father and the Word neither do the Father and the Son any thing without the Holy Ghost For all the Works of God ad extra do necessarily presuppose the immanent necessary acts of the Deity upon it self Yet we must not conceive them as any wayes unequal either in themselves or in their working nor as three distinct agents uniting their forces joyntly to produce one and the same effect For one Individuall Essence must needs if it act be one Individuall Agent in the production of all Creatures and effecting all his works Therefore we find the Creation and other Works of God ascribed as well unto the Word and Spirit as to the Father and for the most part to them all as to one God The manner of their concurrence is that § IX whereby the Father worketh by the Word and Spirit the Son from the Father by the Spirit and the Spirit from them both This doth imply that the manner of their Work is distinct yet it 's very difficult to conceive the distinction or difference We read that the Father doth many things by the Word and Spirit but never that the Word or Spirit did any thing by the Father All things were made by the Word and without him was not any thing made that was made John 1. 3 And by him were all things created and by him all things consist Col. 1. 16 17. And God the Father is said to have made the Worlds by him Heb. 1 2. The Father will quicken our bodyes by his Spirit dwelling in us Rom. 8. 11. And he revealed the deep things of his Gospel by his Spirit 1 Cor. 2. 10. And God elected the Thessalonian Christians to Salvation through the Sanctification of the Spirit 2 Thes. 2. 13. We have some resemblance hereof in the soul of man which being one individuall essence is one individuall agent It conâ—riveth all its works by the counsell of the understanding determines them by his will and is ready to effect them by his active power When it actually produceth any thing the Will commands the understanding directs and the power executeth The Will is first and begins the understanding is the second and goes on the power is the last and finisheth the Work And these three inseparably and individually concur efficiently to produce the effect as one efficient And the Will directs by the understanding and executes by understanding directing the power and by the Power Acting according to the Understanding How Redemption is appropriated to the â—on and Sanctification to the Holy Ghost must be considered hereafter In these things We must be sober and not Curious We must neither confidently affirm any thing as a Divine Truth which is not evident unto us out of the Scripture nor Peremptorily deny any thing because We do not clearly see it in the Scriptures For so the Sadduces deny'd the Resurrection because they could not see it in the Book of God Though it was in that book as our Saviour made it evident These things premised concerning the Works of God in general § X I will proceed to say something of them in particular Though they be many yet may they all be reduced to three heads For they all are either works of Creation of Preservation or of Ordination Some bring these under two heads the first of Creation the second of Providence And by Providence they understand both Preservation and Government But this is but difference in Words The first work whereby the Eternall King did first acquire his power is Creation Which is a Work of God whereby in the beginning he created Heaven and Earth and all things therein This work must be considered Absolutely in it self Respectively as aground of absolute power And in it self Generally Specially in respect of man In it self generally it 's A Work or Act of God yet this Act is not immanent but emanant and transient yet farr different from the Acts of any Creature and from many other Acts of God It had an objâ—ct logically considered no subject existent For the Creature as existent was an effect and not the subject of it As Cameracensis doth distinguish of Predestination That Praedestinatio Activa est Deus Praedestinans Passiva est Res Praedestinata So Creatio activa est Dâ—uâ— creans Passiva Res creata So that in Creation we have God and his Creativity as Occam and Bacon expresse it and the thing created It is a proper Act of God and can be truly affirmed of nothing else if it were not so God by this work could not be distinguished from all other things as by this act we read in Scripture he is The first part of the Creation presupposed no matter
and the other parts no matter immediately capable of a â—orm to be either introduced into it or educed out of it by any agent but by God So that God supplyed wholly all the causes And when we say that God Created all things either mediately or immediately of nothing the word Nothing doth neither signifie the matter nor properly the term of that act but is a Negative and denyes all pre-existent matter in the first part of Creation Neither doth the word Create in Ancient authors signifie to make a thing of nothing as some think it doth Therefore we must learn what Creation is from the Scripture not from this or that word God by this Act did so clearly manifest his eternall power and God-head that it 's evident that he alone is the efficient cause and Maker of the World and that without the advice or assistance of any others and also without any tool or instrument It was a frâ—e act of God For he was no wayes necessitated to make the World or to make it before or after or at that time when he did make it or to produce it in this or that order or manner rather then another For he Created all things and for his pleasure they are and were Created Rev. 4. 11. He Created Heaven and Earth in the beginning The word may signifie the Beginning of time as its the measure of things existing and standing out of their causes in their proper entity Or it may referr to the first part of the Creation teaching us That in the beginning and first of all God created Heaven and Earth which was voyd and without form and afterwards he made Light the Firmament and other things or it may referr unto the whole Creation and signifyes unto us that the first Work of God was the Creation of the World in six dayes And in this sense Creation was the first issuing-forth of his Almighty Power to make and do some things out of Himself This was the Act of Creation § XI and the Effects were all things Created All things joyntly taken together are the World and the principall parts thereof are Heaven and Earth And because Heaven and Earth are not Vacant places as it is written that the Heavens and the Earth were finished with all the Host of them Gen. 2. â— Where the word Host signifies all things in Heaven and Earth And these are called The Host of them 1. Because they are Many 2. Because they were all Created in an excellent order So Paraeus on the place 3. Because they were the Ornament and beauty of Heaven and Earth Thus the Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 uâ—ed by the Sepruaguit doth signifie By Heaven and Earth some understand by a Metonymie and Synechdoche all things Created as though these first words of the Scripture were an abridgement of the first Chapter of Genesis Others and upon better grounds do interpret Heaven to be the Heaven of Heavens and the Host thereof which is the innumerable multitude of Angells And Earth to be the Masse which was voyd and without form and the first rudiment and Seminary of all things Created-afterwards The first works of Creation therefore were Heaven and Angels The Scriptures tells us that there is an Heaven of Heavens which is sometimes called the Throne and Temple of God the third Heaven the place into which Christ ascended and where he will keep his residence till he come to judge the World No doubt its a Stately Glorious piece a place of Beauty and incomparable delight and therfore called Paradise In it are many Mansions where the Saints of God shall ever rest and enjoy their most excellent Inheritance Yet this highest place which is the Circumference of the World was not Created without the Host thereof which is the innumerable company of Angels These were concreated with the Heavens and are called the Angells of Heaven and by Creation as the Heavens so they are incorruptible and immortall Spirits which once began but shall never cease to live They are endued with a most piercing understanding free-Will and an admirable executive and active Power They were all at first righteous and holy like unto their God and had been for ever blessed as now the Holy Angels he if they had continued subject and obedient to the everlasting King who made them They were made and that in the Beginning as appeares from Psal. 104. 4. They were made before the foundation and Corner-stone of the earth was â—ay'd Job 38. 7. That they were Created long before the World was Jeroms groundlesse conceit And it was Austins fancy to think God made them when he said Let there be Light The Heaven of Heavens with their Host § XII was Created in the Beginning and with them the earth as co-aeval and concreated By Earth as appeares from the Text Gen. 1 2. was not meant this lowest part and Basis of the World as now it is for that was Created the third day but if we may so speak that first draught and imperfect Beeing which was as it were the rudiment and Seminary of this Lower world as distinct from the Heaven of Heavens and all things therein And if any thing may be called the first matter this surely is it which was so imperfect that only the skill and power of God could inform it And he did inform it and out of it made first the Elements and out of them all Mixt bodyes The first Elements was light which may be called the fire which is the purest the most subtil and active of all the rest and soared aloft into the highest place and the nature of it such that it hath great affinity with a Spirit and is next unto it The next was the Firmament which we call the Ayr And it was spread like a Curtain round about the Globe of the Earth and Water and takes up the space between them an the Aethereal light or fire a fit receptacle or subject to receive the Beames of light and being transparent to transmit them to the earth The third was the Water which first covered the earth and stood above the Mountaines but afterwards by the mighty power of God was reduced to the fluid substance which now we see it to be and gathered together into deep and Vast Channels of the earth whence the main Ocean and the narrow Seas and it s diffused into every part of the Earth through secret subterraneal Passages as through so many veines And hence our Springs Rivers Lakes The last the lowest and the dullest Element was the Earth And with it were created Minerals and Vegetables as Grasse Hearbs Plants and all Manner of Trees And with these he first furnished and beautified the earth the third day The Fourth he returns unto the Aetherial Part and creates the Sun Moon and Stars The two first as greater Lights the one for the Day the other for the Night together with the Stars These are the Lights and Lamps placed under the
Roof and highest part of the Lower-World These were made not onely for Beauty and Ornament but also for the benefit of the Lower Globe upon which by light and motion they have great power And as the order wherein they were placed and their motion in a certain Line according to a certain Rule which they always observe is excellent so the use and benefit of them is manifold and wonderful Between these and the Earth we have the Meteors which sometimes are Natural sometimes Supernatural and Prodigious The Heaven thus adorned the Glorious Creatour descends into the Water and thence produceth Fish to live spawn and swim in the Water and the Fowl to fly in the Firmament of Heaven and build and multiply upon the Earth Amongst the Watry-Creatures the Whales and Sea-Dragons are most eminent and terrible After all these finished He concludes his Creation with Beasts Cattle creeping things although animate yer irrational And last of all with Man a rational and noble Creature whose Creation requires a more particular and distinct consideration And this is the Genuine Order of Physicks or Natural Philosophie which should inform us not onely of Bodies but Spirits which have Nature and Being and Original of Being as well as other Creatures The Creation of Man § XIII is that whereby God according to his Image and likeness made Man of the Dust of the Earth breathing into his Nostrils the breath of life whereby he became a living soul and Woman of a Rib that they might have Dominion over the Sensitive Creatures and the Earth Gen. 1. 26 27 2. 7 22. Or more briefly It is that whereby he made man Male and Female according to his Image To know the Creation of man doth nearly and very much concern us not onely because we are men and also excellent Creatures but also because this knowledge gives much light unto the knowledge of this Kingdom and tends much to the glory of God and our eternal happiness He is the Abridgment of Heaven and Earth and is virtually the whole World and therefore styled the Micro-cosme or Little World His Body hath affinity with the Earth his Soul with Heaven and Angels Like those pretious stones which though Earth yet participate of Heaven He is the Horizon of Time and Eternity and dwells in the Confines of both as being contiguous both to the one and other He was stamped with the Image of God and was made capable of Heaven and Beatifical Communion with this Eternal King To understand his excellency the better we must consider his Parts and Perfections The Parts are two the Body and the Soul The Body was made of Dust and Dust of nothing at the first As there was a great distance betwixt Dust and nothing so there is between Dust and the Body if we look upon it but as a Carkass much more if we consider it as animated by the presence union and power of the Soul and most of all as glorified This distance between Dust and a Body is so great that nothing but the Hand of Heaven and the Art of the Almighty could make it so excellent a piece The Matter was base the Workmanship was excellent and will more gloriously appear when God who made it out of the Dust at first a Natural Body shall raise it again out of the Dust to make it a Spiritual Body The Perfections of the Body are these The Organs the orderly Composure of them and the Faculties For though it be but a Body and far inferiour to the Soul yet of all other Bodies it is most excellent as being a fit Habitation for the Immortal Soul as no other Body can be The Organs and Members are many their order composure and dependance one upon another excellent and curious the Faculties and Motions are wonderful They who know it best admire it most and know that the very Conception much more the Creation is a kind of Miracle It is not onely a fit Tabernacle for the Soul which was breath'd into it from Heaven but also a fit Instrument and Servant to perform the Works of Righteousness and Holiness jointly with the Soul as directed by it And as it concurs with the Soul to do good or evil so it shall partake with the Soul in rewards and punishments And no Body but this of man can be the Temple of the Holy Ghost and though it be corruptible and may die and by reason of sin is condemned to the Dust from whence it was taken yet this punishment lies upon it but for a time and as it is capable of Immortality so it shall be immortal and glorious upon the Resurrection Yet that which doth more ennoble § XIV and advance man is his reasonable and immortal Soul which is a Spiritual Substance and as a Spirit doth animate act and guide it being concreated and made with it and may and doth live when separated from it The Union of them is wonderful yet dissoluble and for Sin is dissolved It 's said God breathed in his Nostrils or his face the breath of life and man became a Living Soul What Expositors say upon the place I will not now report but onely observe 1. That these words speak of the Creation of the Soul yet especially as it did animate the Body 2. That it was not created first out of the Body and then put into it but created in it as it always is For God creates the Spirit in the midst of Man 3. That though God breathed it into Man yet it was no part nor particle of God's Essence but an effect of his power 4. That his Soul was reasonable and far more excellent then that of Beasts and therefore tearmed by the Chaldy-Paraphrast A speaking Soul for to speak is a proper effect of Reason 5. This Soul was created immediately and invisibly from God in an unspeakable manner as is signified by those words And God breathed in his face And in the face it doth most appear and manifest it self according to that saying Vultus est index Animi 6. By the Breathing it was united to the Body of which it might have kept possession for ever if Sin had not been a Cause of Dispossession Yet the second Union by the Resurrection when God shall breathe upon the Dust again shall be so firm as that it never shall be dissolved What this Soul of man is we do not perfectly know And it was well observed of Learned Vives that God gives us these Souls not so much to know their Essence as to use them Something vve know of them by Reason and Discourse something by Experience but most of all by the Holy Scriptures The Excellency thereof is clearly known by the Acts and Effects thereof it understands and freely wills The Understanding reacheth all things and in some manner and measure knoweth God and reacheth Eternity In this respect it 's said to be all things because it hath some affinity and cognation with all Objectes and a
face of God have free accesse unto and stand before the throne of the Eternall King Their glory peace and joy are never interrupted by feares troubles grief And though their confirmation be not expressed or expresly delivered yet its severall wayes implyed For we never read that any of them sinned or fell from God since the time of their first trial That they are called the Holy and Elect Angels That they are Angels of Heaven of light and not of darknesse that they do his Commandements hearkening to the Voice of his Word Psal. 103. 20. That they ever praise God that they protect the heirs of Salvation and are Ministring Spirits for their good that they execute Gods judgments and are his Servants and Ministers in the government of the World and are subject and obedient unto Christ now glorified and all this may amount to a Confirmation Yet their reward may seem as yet enjoyed onely in part and not consummate neither shall be till the last Judgment For as yet the work is not finished all enemies are not subdued the date of Christs Commission is not expired the number of the Saints is not yet finished the dead not raised and therefore neither they nor Saints are fully glorified nor compacted into one intire body under Christ their heâ—d and one day they shall be when the Sun of glory shall shine upon them in his full strength and perpetually abide in his Meridian Gods will is that they should not be perfect without us That these Angels continued in obedience it 's an excellent example to perswade us after we are once converted and born from Heaven to Persevere unto the end The race is not long and the Prize is incomparable We shall be as they are Their Confirmation and Assurance of eternal glory and full blisse may much encourage and comfort us and so much the more because they rejoyce at our conversion are Ministring Spirits for our good pitch their tents about us have a charge to keep us protect and guard us in all our wayes And they will do what they can and much they can do to promote our eternall Salvation and the least and meanest of Gods Saints is not without a guard of Angels That they continued Loyall and obedient was not from themselves but from God who made them and did assist and strengthen them so as to prevent their fall And their confirmation and glorious reward issued from Gods free love Therefore they are bound to give all Glory Praise Honour and thanks to him that sits upon the Throne and lives for ever and ever That their fellow Angels sinned it was not from any desertion of God but their own free will and choice CHAP. XI Of the special Government of Man AS God Created the Angels before he made man § I so he began to govern and order the Angels before he began to govern man and therefore this government follows the former and is partly the same partly differenâ— though after the last judgment when they shall be united in one body it shall be more the same then now it is They are both of them the Subject of Gods speciall Ordination They are both intellectual Creatures They are both endued with Free-will and so capable of Lawes punishment reward they are both ordinable to an immortal estate They have both the pure moral Laws and rules of Judgment Yet as they differ much in themselves to the Ordination of them is different in many particulars Angels are Spirits without bodies Men are bodies with spirits And according to this difference the government was different as shall appear hereafter This government of man as it is the principal Subject of the Scriptures so it shall be of this discourse and takeup the rest of the Doctrine following wherein I shall be far larger then formerly I have bin This special government of man is twofold § II 1. That wherein God exerciâ—ed his power acquired by Creation 2. That wherein he exercised his power acquired by Redemption or more briefly it 's The Government of God as Creatour Redeemer As God by Creation became an absolute Lord and had an unlimited power so he reserved the same in part both in the government of Angels and men For though he bounded and limited them yet he sometimes exerciseth an Arbitrary power above his Laws and hath bound himself onely by his promises And therefore when men had Violated the order and Laws of Creation he was at liberty and took occasion to alter and new model his goverment And hence the twofold government of man which take up the greatest part and in some respect the whole book of God in the Historicall the Doctrinall and the Propheticall parts thereof And hereafter I will call the one the first the other the second government or ordination of man This government is neither the naturall government § III which hath the same rules of generall Providence which that of other Creatures hath so far as it agrees with them Neither is it the government wherein Angels have power over men and are used as Ministers by God nor that civil goverment whereby man as God's Vicegerent ruleth over man as his Subject but it considers him in his spirituall capacity as he is ordinable to an immortall estate It 's true it presupposeth the three former ordinatious and makes use of them all especially the Civil as subordinate unto it It 's certain that mankind once 〈◊〉 and divided into severall societies could not long continue in any tolerable condition without some order of government in Families Vicinities and greater Communities Therefore as God assigned them their severall habitations upon the â—ace of the Earth and divided them in severall tribes and Societies according to their Vicinities so he ordained an order of superiority and subjection amongst them and communicated some portion of his power to some in which respect they become Gods deputies and are called Gods and subjected others unto them alwayes reserving a Power to himself to caâ—â— down one and â—et up another and sometimes one or more out of the dust from the Dunghill and of the basest of the People For the Crowns and Scepters of the World are in his hand and he disposeth them at his Will and Pleasure Besides He hath given them certain rules of Wisdom and Justice together with a great strength and power of the â—woâ—d whereby they are enabled to Model and Administer Common-Weales of great extent makes Lawes and Officers and execute Judgment And the end of all this is Peace and Concord that men may serve that God in obeying the Laws of this Spiritual eternal Kingdom and attain a more glorious and excellent estate of eternall felicity The differences between these two governments are many For in the Civil the Governour is man his power reacheth onely the body and temporall estate His wisdom and justice is imperfect his immediate end is justice and honesty amongst men for temporall Peace His Laws
as one And so far as God judged him one and made Adam the Head and Representative of all so far in Adam all men might be bound to obedience or penalty and so far judgments or rewards might be transmitted from him to all and no further And if God had not considered Adam and all his posterity as one person By one man sin could not have entred into the World and by sin Death so as to pass upon all men That this derivation was an act of judgment is evident from the Apostle because Sin and Death which is punishment presupposed a Law To impute sin and punish for sin and that with Death are Acts of Judgment and that according to a Law which was in force when Adam sinned and long before Moses Otherwise how could sin have reigned even over Adam and that from Adam to Moses and this by a Sentence of Judgment in force to this day according to a Law in force when Adam transgressed it For upon that transgression God condemned Adam and in him all Mankind In this respect the doubt how the Soul being made by God becomes corrupted is vain and that conceit that it is polluted by entrance into the body or from the body is false For 1. God in the Creation of the Soul of every individual person is to be considered as a Creatour and a Judge As a Creatour he makes a Soul and gives it Essence and all things necessary flowing from the Essence and appertaining to it As a Judge he denies that person as one with Adam sinning his sanctifying Spirit which Adam received for him and his and in him sinning was lost to him and his 2. It is evident that the Soul is not so much polluted by the body as the body by it and it from it self For there are many Spiritual sins as Pride Envie Malice and such like which are purely from the Soul and in the Soul as they are in Angels who have no bodies but are spirits And those sins which have their Rise from the sensitive appetite could not pollute the Soul except it were depraved in it self And the first sin began in the Soul as may easily be understood from Gen. 3. and was there compleatly moulded before Eve looked upon the forbidden fruit to covet it and desire it as a bodily food Yet whilest we discourse of the Derivation of Original Sin as it is a Deprivation and a depravation following thereupon because man falls under the power of Death yet we must consider that Adam's Posterity derive not onely that original corruption from him but many other evils together with their Being All the evils are reduced to Sin and Death We participate with him in some manner in the first sin and in him sinning we sin and in him being guilty we are guilty in him dying we die And by Death all Punishments God sentenced us to in him are understood not onely that which we call Original Sin but all Actual Sins virtually included in it and issuing purely from it by vertue of the first Desertion And here we may wonder at the severity of God's Judgment yet we must in no wise question the Justice and Equity thereof CHAP. XVI Of the Attributes of God manifested in this Judgment of Men and Angels THE last thing to be considered in this Judgment and Execution is the manifestation of the Attributes § I and perfections of God and of his Supream Power judicial as well as Legislative The Attributes manifested are these His Wisdom his Holiness his Power his Knowledge but principally his Justice and Mercy His Wisdom was wonderful in this particular in that he laid the Foundation of man's Eternal Life to be recovered again in sentencing the Devil to Eternal Death and in a wonderful way so that the Devil himself should be powerfully active to the ruine of his own Kingdom whilest he â—eeks to confirm and enlarge it His Holiness was evident in this that he spared not sin in his most noble Creatures punishing the Devils without mercy as first in the sin not sparing man made in his own Image though tempted to sin and in accursing the Serpent though an irrational Creature and but onely an Instrument abused All this signifies that he detests and abominates sin and being holy Himself requires holiness in Men and Angels made holy and if by sin they pollute themselves he casts them out of his presence His Power appeared in that he so presently and so fully executed his Sentence and makes it good to this day and none can hinder him His Knowledge is as exact for he evidently knew the sin of Men and Angels with the measure and circumstances thereof and proportions his Judgment accordingly But principally his Justice and Mercy shined forth in this judicial Proceeding § II First his Justice must be considered The Justice of God is Legislative or judicial Legislative Justice determines man's duty and binds him unto the performance thereof and also defines the rewards and punishments which shall be due upon the Creatures obedience or disobedience His judicial Justice which is called distributive is that whereby he renders unto the intellectual Creatures according to their Works This is remunerative or vindictive For taking cognizance of their cause he rewards the obedient and punisheth the disobedient The justice manifested in this judgment was punitive and vindictive and it did appear in that 1. He spared not sinners much less rewarded them 2. He punished none but sinners and such as did concur in this sin 3. He punished onely for sin and not out of any absolute and arbitrary power Therefore God said to the Serpent Because thou hast done this therefore thus and thus shalt thou be punished The Woman suffered and is condemned because she hearkened and gave consent to the Serpents temptation The man is judged to death because he had hearkened to the voyce of his wiâ—e 4. The punishments determined and executed did not exceed the measure of their sin 5. The Devil sinned most and therefore his punishment is the greatest and no ways mitigated or allayed by mercy The Woman and Man sinned being tempted and their sin was less and it was allayed by mercy yet the womans sin was greater then Adam's though less then the Devils For she was first in the transgression and brought man into the snare being instrumental to the Devil and therefore she was adjudged to two punishments to which man was not liable This Justice is not an Attribute but the exercise and manifestation of an Attribute as here it 's taken It 's called Anger Wrath Fury Rage Jealousie Indignation as the sin is more or less heinous and he more or less displeased It 's called Revenge in that it renders the evil of punishment for the evil of sin It 's Judgment because he proceeds according to Law upon the evident knowledge of the violation of the same It 's punishment as God inflicts it and the Creatures suffer it The principal
made some honest imployment to be used the Scripture and pious books to be read the reasons against this sin in Scripture to be remembered the motives unto chastity to be observed good examples of Chastity as that most excellent one of Joseph to be followed Yet we must know that in respect of persons its twofold 1. Of single persons 2. Of married persons Single persons are such as were never married or widows both these must be chast so as not onely to have pure and sanctified minds but also to forbear all kind of Carnall copulation Married persons may have the use of one anothers bodies without any sin but then they must be faithfull one unto another for onely they that have right unto their bodies must have the use of them And if they transgresse their sin is adultery and greater then that of simple fornication not only because it is an abuse of the body as simple fornication is but because it is against the marriage-contract and they have a remedy which single persons have not and many more mischiefs follow upon it In this condition of marriage many may think themselves safe yet no persons though married must neglect their watch presume upon their own strength contemne temptations for they may fail as well as others as wofull experience hath taught many Their secret carriage must be chast before God their outward behaviour must be modest before men the one that they may have a good conscience the other that they may give good example And single persons that have not the gift of continency must marry yet wisely and in the Lord lest that estate which was ordained for a comfort and help prove a discomfort and a snare They are happy in this respect and a great mercy of God it is who have their education in chast and modest families and fall not into familiarity with lewd persons For many who in chast Company would have been chast and would have abhorred this sin have bin defiled by lewd and ungodly persons Yet if we fear our God and trust in him he can preserve us pure in the most filthy societies as he did Lot in Sodom and deliver them in the strongest temptations as he did Joseph This Commandement certainly requires temperance § VII as an excellent preservation of Chastity And divers of the School-men and Casuists oppose it to Luxury which they make a generall under which they reduce and rank in a certain order 1. Simple fornication to which they referr whoredome and the use of Concubiâ—s 2. Incest 3. Adultery 4. Deflowring of Virgins in their parents power 5. Rapes 6. Uncleannesse against nature as Sodomy and Bestiality all which were mentioned formerly Yet this temperance more properly taken is opposed to luxury taken more strictly for excesse in diet and apparrel and such things as tend to the preservation of the body It 's contrary to drunkennesse and gluttony and all excesse in that kind and may include abstinence and fasting for we must keep the body under and make no provision for the flesh to fulfill the lusts thereof The body must not be armed against the soul lest the flesh rebel against the spirit The pampering of it is like the warming a frozen Serpent in our bosome to sting us unto death We are commanded to abstain from fleshly lusts which fight against the Soul 1 Pet. 2. 11. Yet temperance is properly and strictly here commanded as tending unto Chastity yet it may come under another notion as it doth dispose us to Heavenly duties and prepare us for our last account There are intemperate persons who are lovers of pleasures more then lovers of God and surfetting and drunkennesse indispose us to divine performances and unprepare us for our latter end And in this respect intemperance is a sin against the first table Drunkennesse absolutely considered is not a sin against this commandement but as inclining and disposing to uncleannesse and in other severall respects against many other For there be divers sins and divers duties reducible to severall parts of this morall Law As there be many disswasives from the sins here forbidden § VIII so there be many Swasives and motives to the duties here Commanded Some are generall motives to Chastity in generall some to Chasity in single life some to Chastity in marriage in particular And every Disswasive in generall and in particular are Swasives either in generall or particular There are disswasives from 〈◊〉 fornication from incest from adultery from rapes and so from the rest whiâ—h are proper The reasons and motives to Chastity in generall especially to Christians are 1. Bâ—cause our bodies are the members of Christ 2. They are the temples of the Holy Ghost 3. We are bought with a price and cannot dispose of our selves as we please but must so use them as our Saviour hath Commanded and we must honour and glorifie him who hath bought them for his they are 4. We have consecrated both soul and body to his service 5. We are Regenerate and sanctified and as in soul so in body and have received a power to perform this duty of Chastity as well as other duties 6. We hope and expect that these bodies shall rise again unto eternall glory and how can we pollute them 7. One Reason in generall to all men Jews Christians Gentiles is that Chaâ—â—ity is the honour of these bodies of ours as uncleannesse is their dishonour For the bodies of all men being tabernacles of the immortall soul and created and redeemed to immortality are far more excellent then the bodies of beasts and therefore must not be abused and made like nay worse and more base then the bodies of brutes There are besides these common reasons others proper to incline married-parties to Conjugall Chastity and fidelity as the honour and Legitimation of our Children the mutuall content and comfort of man and wife the peace and welfare of our Families for the present and of posterity for time to come Gods institution the matrimoniall contract the conâ—inuance of the sacred bond and divers others which may be observed our or Scripture And both the parties must not only be chast and faithfull but wiâ—e in their carriage so as to give no occasion or just suspicion of jealously or be jealous when there is no sufficient cause We should know these things and learn out of Gods word how excellent a virtue Chastity is how pleasing to God how disposing to heavenly duties Out of this knowledge and love to God we should love this duty desire and endeavour to performe it and labour to be chast in our hearts not onely before men but God We must resist temptations and suppresse the first motions unto uncleannesse and with Job make a covenant with our eyes and not think upon a maid Job 31. 1 2 3. unto the 13th In this case if our right eye right hand right â—oot offend us we must cut it off and rather part with our choisest and rarest
weighty and substantiall that is the morall duties of the Law And to be zealous in Ceremonials and careless in moralls was alwayes either hypocrisy or impiety or both These positive Laws which alwayes received their binding force from the institution commanding not from the excellency or goodnesse of the thing commanded are a rule of obedience as well as the morall and the neglect of them is a contempt of the Lawgiver There is an Analogy and proportion between the outward sensible and the sacred part and in that respect they might by the outward senses help the memory informe the understanding stir up devotion and affection set forth Gods worship with greater Solemnity and are an outward testification of inward submission saith obedience unto God and the approbation of Religion which was professed And for these ends and such like they seem to be added to Morals and so much the rather because man hath a body as well as a Soul and is not all Spirit but in part flesh and must serve God in both These kind of Laws are either such as were enacted before the Fall of man § II whil'st he continued innocent or after Those before were the Laws of God concerning the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the midst of the garden of Eden Yet because these were not Laws of God as Redeemer by Christ they â—o not belong to this government whereof I now enâ—reat The positives which followed â—â—e fall of man and the first promise of Christ were either such as God instituted before or which he instituted after that Christ was exhibited Those before the Incarnation were either extraordinary or ordinary and the principall were either Sacrifices or Sacraments so called as now we understand them Again those which constantly continued from the times of Adam till the glorification of Christ were sacrifices and offerings For Adam taught his Children Cain and Abel to offer gifts and sacrifices and no doubt by Warrant Commission from God otherwise the offering of Abel had not bin accepted of God nor offered in faith Yet afterwards to these were added the Circumcision the Passover and many other Ceremonies mention'd in the books of Moses The waters of the flood bearing up the Ark and saving Noah and his family is made a kind of Baptism or baptismall Rite Whether the Rain-bow signifying a temporall blessing could be a Religious Rite may be doubted and so much the rather because the benefit promised was generall to all men and living Creatures Yet if the not destroying by the flood did â—ignifie a spiritual blessing then it had the full nature and essence of a Religious Rite The passing through the Red Sea and under the Cloud the Manna the water out of the Rock all these were extraordinary and rather Sacraments then any otherwise That they were Sacraments both Paul 1 Cor. 10. 1 2 3. and Peter 1 Pet. 3 20. 21. do teach us The ordinary Sacraments before the times of the Gospel were Circumcision and the Passover The rest of the Mosaicall Ceremonies except some few were Religious and Mysticall whether things persons actions times The Priests did serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things Heb. 8. 4. The Tabernacle was a figure for the time then present Chap. 9. 9. The services and purification shadows of things in Heaven Chap. 10. 1. The person and especially the high Priests were types of Christ Their great sacrifice of expiation and other sin-offerings of the Sacrifice of Christ. The tabernacle typified either heaven or the humanity of Christ wherein the Godhead dwelt bodily So that persons things and actions signified better persons things and actions All their Consecrations Expiations Dedications Purifications and Seperations had some reference to spirituall duties or promises or judgments And this was the sin the usual sin of that people that they neglected moral duties were zealous in Ceremonials expected justification and salvation by them made the redemption of Christ vain and needlesse forgate the promise made to Abraham and so looked not after the better Covenant established upon better promises Yet all these Ceremonies were Laws binding to obedience and it was their misery to want either tabernacle temple solemne services or holy times and their sin if when they enjoyed these they did not observe them They were laws of God Redeemer had speciall reference to Christ to come and the times of the Gospel and were enacted for severall ends as hath bin shewed in the Chapter of the administration of the Kingdom of God Redeemer and the Jews were bound by the Mosaicall Ceremonials in a Speciall manner But when Christ had finished the great work of Redemption and the more glorious light of the Gospel did begin to shine these shadows must vanish and fly away The standing Sacraments of former times must be changed not only because they did signifie some temporall mercy past and had some temporall promise annexed but also chiefly because they were Sacraments of Christ to come or did imply oâ— presuppose that he was not exhibited Because these are abolished § III have left their binding force and their time is expired I will proceed to speak more largely and distinctly of the Ceremonialls of the Gospel which do and shall continue in force till the end of the World But first before I can give any clear account of the Sacraments of the Gospel in particular I must say something of a Sacrament in generall 1. Sacraments are Ceremonies and holy Rites to be used in Gods worship and are parts of that worship and thus they differ from Ceremonialls in generall 2. These Sacraments presuppose the Redeemer the work of Redemption the Laws of God Redeemer as they require obedience and duty and as they promise mercies and benefits merited by the Redemption Others do expresse it thus That Sacraments presuppose the Redemption and the Covenant 3. The Spirituall and heavenly part of the Sacraments of the old and new testament were always for substance and the principall thing in them the same 4. That the Sacraments of former and these latter times agree in many things and differ and that much in some things 5. That Christ contracted all the principall Ceremonials of the old into a few these few are Sacraments for number two for signification clear for observation easie and for man if observed aright very beneficiall These things understood § IV the nature of a Sacrament may be the better understood It 's a Ceremony confirming the Covenant of grace in Christ. The Sacraments of former times required faith as well as these of the Gospel but with this difference that the former required faith in Christ to come the latter required faith in Christ already come To understand the definition we must observe the generall nature and specificall difference The generall nature is that they are Ceremonies and sacred Rites and so they agree with all the other Sacrifices offerings and other mysticall parts of
is here Virtually and Really present by his Spirit in this Sacrament as in all other his Ordinances and in a speciall manner and the same powerfull and comfortable to the worthy receiver The Papists have put a difference between the Sacrifice of the Masse § XVII and the Sacrament of the Eucharist and for the former Service they have their direction from the Missal for the Later from the Rituall Yet Christ did but institute a Sacrament and not a Sacrifice and in the same the bread and wine is commanded to be used in blessing the giving and receiving of both and not the offering of the body and blood of Christ for that offering was once made never to be made again And whereas they do affirm that the Sacrifice of the Masse is properly a Sacrifice Propitiatory for the Sins of the living and the dead and the same with that Sacrifice which Christ offered upon the Crosse it cannot be true neither can it be credible to any rationall unprejudiced person For a Sacrifice properly so taken especially ilasticall or propitiatory is essentially bloody as wherein the thing Sacrificed is first slain then offered But the Sacrifice of the Crosse as they themselves confesse is INCRUENTUM unbloody and therein is no death of the thing Sacrificed Neither can it be the same with that which Christ offered upon the Crosse For to that it was essential that Christ's body should be broken and the blood shed and offered unto God without spot by the eternall Spirit and without this Death and offering it could not have bin this Sacrifice at all and this Sacrifice was but offered once and once offered was never to be offered again For once in the end of the World hath he appeared to put away sin by the Sacrifice of himself Heb. 10. 14. So that we have here but one Sacrifice and the same once offered yet of eternall vertue If this Sacrifice of the Masse were the same which they affirm with the Sacrifice upon the Crosse it must needs be granted that it is propitiatory But they confesse 1. That it is incruentum 2. That it is not Expiatorium Redemptorium 3. That it 's only Commemoratorium Applicatorium By the First they grant that it 's not essentially the same By the Second that it 's not effectively the same By the Third that it 's only a Commemoration and a meanes of the Application of the same And if they would lay aside the Sacrifice of the Masse and acknowledge the Sacrifice of the Crosse and celebrate the Sacrament as it was instituted by Christ We should easily grant that therein there is a Commemoration of Christ's death and Sacrifice once offered and that this Sacrament is a meanes whereby that Sacrifice is applied Before I conclude this Doctrine of the Sacraments § XVIII I will examine 1. Who have power and right to administer them 2. To whom they may lawfully be administred 3. Whether they are to be administred according to humane judgment which is fallible or divine judgment which is infallible For the first of these Who have power to administer That 's easily and briefly determined For they who are trusted with the word and have Commmission to preach the Gospel they have power to administer these Sacraments This in respect of Baptism appears in the mission of the Apostles into all Nations For by that Commission they who must teach must baptize And we never read of any Commission given to any others either to baptize or administer the Lords supper And the constant practice of the universall Church so far as known to us hath bin conformable to this Commission What may be done in case of necessity which God not man hath brought us unto is another thing For in such cases God dispenseth with many things required in his own Institution As for the second question § XIX To whom may they be administred The answer in generall is 1. They may be administred to such as have a right unto them who are Christ's disciples and may be judged fit to be members of the Church visible and in the number of Christians 2. We must distinguish between the subjects who have a right to the actuall participation of Baptism and such as have aright to the actual participation of the Lords supper 3. Of such as may be subjects capable of Baptism some are Adulti and these if they be disciples and manifest themselves to be such they no doubt may be baptized But all the controversy in our unhappy dayes is Whether Infants of Christians and believing Parents may be baptized or no In this controversy I shall deliver my knowledge and judgment as briefly as may be 1. Infants as Infants and Children of Turks Pagans unbelieving Jews are not capable of Baptism neither as Infants nor Infants of such Parents 2. Infants as Infants and considered Physically as distinct persons from their Parents are not capable of or have any right to Baptism 3. The Infants of Christian Parents so considered as distinct persons from their Christian Parents as Christians have no right unto it 4. The Infants of Christian and believâ—ng Parents considered as one person with them as Christians and believers have right to Baptism For if they be one person with them as Christians they must needs have some kind of right to Baptism as their Parents have 5. They have not this right from them by Nature nor humane Laws for so they only receive their humane nature from them as their Parents have humane nature and this naturally and if their Parents be free or noble by humane Laws they derive freedom or nobility 6. That they derive this right from their Parents as Christians it 's from Gods free mercy and gracious ordination which includes the Children in Covenant with the Parents 7. Children are one person with their parents both by the Law of God and the Laws of Men and that in many things and especially in Obligations in Priviledges in rewards and punishments By the Laws of men in civill matters we know that SUI HEREDES as the Civilians call them derive a right unto their Parents estate though there be no Testament or if a Testament and the same they be excluded because the Law grounded upon nature considers them as one person with their Parents or next kindred deceased If the Father be a subject of a free State and so bound to subjection unto the Laws the Son born of him as a subject of that State is bound to the Lawes and derives that obligation from his Father as one person with him neiâ—her is it materiall whether the Father was a subject naturall or naturaliz'd If the Father dye indebted and the Heir enter upon the estate by vertue of that Will He by the civill Law falls under the same obligation as one with the Father and is bound to discharge the debts Paul was born a Roman Act. 22. 28. and all the Priviledges of a Roman he had by birth
it was in the beginning of civill States and it shall be so unto the end of the World God will have it to be so To all these Punishments must be added the losse of safety peace plenty and all other Blessings and Comforts which God doth usually give to men by good Government In the Execution of these Judgments the great Lord respects no Persons He punisheth many as well as few the mighty Monarchs of the World as well as the meanest Subjects The ruine of so many royall Families of so many large and potent Empires and Kingdomes might teach the Princes of the World to do Justice and to fear this everlasting Judge As there be civill § X so there are spirituall and ecclesiasticall Societies which as such have their proper Sins whereby they make themselves liable to those Punishments which God from Heaven inflicts upon them This Church which we call a spirituall Society began in a Family the first Family in the World of Adam and Eve being penitent and believing in that Seed of the Woman which should break the Serpent's head which was Christ. It encreased and was enlarged in that Family by their Children especially Abel first and then Seth and as mankind was multipled so it multiplied And at length there was a separation of the Sons of men from the Sons of God which Sons of God were in processe of time so degenerate mixed and polluted and the former Worthies and Sons of God translated into a better World that it was reduced again to that one Family of Noah Yet the greatest part of the Posterity of that Family who peopled the Earth did so apostate that a great part of Mankind was ejected and excommunicated out of this blessed Society And out of this great Body God calls Abraham and renews the Promise of Christ unto him more particularly and explicitly then formerly he had done He continues his Church in a more speciall manner in his Family and entailes the great Promise upon his posterity Isaac and Jacob and then in his Children who being multiplied into a Nation he brings out of Egypt and settles them in the Land of Canaan and encloseth them from all Mankind makes them his peculiar People continues the great Promise unto them trusts them with his Oracles and gives them Lawes and Statutes sends them Prophets and takes speciall charge of them till the Son of God was exhibited and incarnate Yet these with the Proselytes had their sins and according to their impenitency besides their temporall their spirituall Punishments But when Christ was once come into the World had finished the work of Humiliation was exalted to the right hand of Glory had powred down the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles God calls the Jewes first then the Gentiles and by them commissioned to go into all Nations he begins to gather a Church Christian For they preach the Jewes and Gentiles bear believe professe their faith and so are admitted as Subjects of God's spirituall Kingdom of Grace As Disciples and Professours were multiplied in any City or Country the Apostles or their Assistants and Commissioners appoint Elders and Ministers of the Word over them to take care of their Souls for to conform the converted and build them up and perfect them that were converted and convert others for to enlarge Christ's territories The Officers of Christ were extraordinary and ordinary and some did plant and some did water but God gave the increase And the Elders and ordinary Officers were trusted with the Word and Sacraments for to dispense the one and administer the other according unto their Commission After that not onely People but Ministers were encreased and severall Congregations setled under severall Ministers they begin to associate and combine for Discipline according to their Vicinities and other conveniences This was the beginning of outward Ecclesiasticalâ— Poâ—â—ties Christian The end of this discipline was to preserve the severall societies in unity and Purity of Doctrine an worship to promote Piety to prevent Errours Heresies Schâ—mâ—s Scandall 〈◊〉 erâ—â—â—tion and Idolatry and so preserve them pure according to the first plantation of the Apostles and institution of Christ. The power of this outward discipline was 〈◊〉 Virtually in the whole body of the Church whether greater or lesse associated into one body but delegated for the exercise thereof in an orderly way unto such persons as should be judged most fit and able for that businesse This power did extend to the making of Canons constituting Officers exercising Spirituall jurisdiction in binding and loosing on Earth which should be made good in Heaven All the particular Churches of the World on Earth at one time make up one body § XI and community Spirituall subject unto Jesus Christ their Monarch I say as one Universall body its subject onely to Christ. For as for outward discipline we cannot find that Christ Instituted any Vicar-generall or erected any Court supreme in any one City or place of the World As God never made an Universall King so He never made a Catholick or Vniversall Bishop Men may fancy such a thing But it 's only a fancy not a reall truth nor ever can be proved to be so In the Church of Christ there are some living members Reall Saints who haâ—e a reall communion with their head and derive Heavenly blessings and comforts from him and these make up that which we call the Mysticall Church of which no Prophane or Hypocriticall Wretch can be a member But in the Churches severall which we call Visible and Instituted there are good and bad sincere Believers and bare Professours and Hypocrites And of these visible societies I now intend to speak when I declare the judgments of God inflicted upon the Churches When Ministers and People begin to neglect the duties of worship are remisse in discipline as the Church of Ephesus Corinth Laodicea and many others were fall from their first Love Purity Piety abate in devotion and the fire of their zeal is quenched Tâ—heir punishments spirituall besides their temporall are Persecutions from without Schism and Heresy from within By the one the body is torn asunder and by the other the members are poysoned And as they abate in their duty God abates in the powerfull and comfortable Workings of the Spirit And if they continue in their sins God in the end will wholly take away his spirit and remove the Golden Candlestick as He once threatned the Church of Ephesus and in it all other Churches in the like case And He will send his Word and Messengers unto another People and will let out his Vineyard unto other Husbandmen which shall render him the fruits in their season Thus He dealt with the Jew Many times God brings in upon their Cities an their Countries where they professe the Gospel but not Practise it Cruel and Barbarous enemies Thus He gave the Northern and Western Churches and Nations to the Goths and Vandals who like a mighty deluge overflowed them and like an
is justifiable by Law But whether this be all the justification the Scripture speaks of especially the Writings of the Apostles shall be considered hereafter 3. It cannot be the sentence only of the Church or Minister because they do not alwayes judge and absolve Clave non errante infallibly and so one may be absolved on Earth and not in Heaven or in Heaven and not on Earth either in foro interiori aut extâ—riori as many use to expresse themselves It 's true that when it is exactly agreeable to Gods rule then it 's ratified in Heaven that is by Christ and manifested so to be by the execution For Gods sentence is not a bare word or distinct sound in the Aire 4. It 's not the sentence of the conscience For conscience is neither the supreme judge nor infallible 5. That it 's not pronounced by inspiration or enthusiasm as the words are ordinarily taken will easily be granted 6. Whether it be signified to the soul in man by some real operation with some execution is more disputable That it is signified by some real operation of the spirit with execution seems very probable if not very certain But let others judge when they have considered these places following The justified by faith have peace with God through our Lord Iesus Christ by whom also they have accesse by faith into his grace wherein they stand and rejoyce in the hope of the glory of God c. And the love of God is shed abroad in their hearts by the holy Ghost which is given them Rom. 5. 1. 2 5. Believers in Christ by the spirit mortifie the lusts of the flesh and are led moved acted by this spirit have received the spirit of Adoption whereby they cry Abba Father This spirit witnesseth to their spirit that they are the Sons of God having the first fruits of the spirit they groan within themselves waiting for the Adoption the Redemption of their body Rom. 8. 13 14 15 16 23. Now he that stablisheth us with you in Christ and hath anointed us is God who hath also sealed us and given us the earnest of the spirit in our hearts 2 Cor. 1. 21. 22. We know that we have passed from death to life because we love the Brethren 1 Ioh. 3. 14. God will give him that overcommeth a white stone and in the stone a new name written which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it Rev. 2. 17. 1. All these places with many more speak not onely of Believers but Believers justified and in this life 2. All these places either expresly or by consequence speak of the Spirit of God and of this Spirit in us and the effects of this Spirit in particular persons 3. The Effects are Divine and such as onely God can produce 4. These Effects are the shedding of the love of God that is the Manifestation the evident and abundant manifestation of God's special love accepting us to Eternal Life the Sanctification of the Spirit and enabling them to mortifie the Deeds of the Flesh and acting them to Obedience Adoption whereby call upon God as a Father their Father and giving them boldness and confidence to approach the Throne of Grace testifying inwardly testifying in them and to them that they in particular are the Sons of God and Heirs of Glory giving them assurance of Eternal Glory as giving the first-fruits thereof being a Seal and Earnest of the same making them know and certainly know that they are passed from Death to Life and that God is in them and they in God and that God abides in them and they abide in God 5. All these signifie and declare and that evidently that there is a great change wrought in them both for disposition and condition For disposition they are regenerate and sanctified For condition they are in the state of Life not of Death of Salvation not of Damnation and neither of these can be without Justification actual And this change is the more evident because the Spirit abides in them constantly as a constant Spring of Sanctification and unspeakable consolation and joy 6. Therefore God by this Spirit in them by these Effects and real operations speaks plainly with some execution that particular persons in this life are justifyed not merely by the Promise of the Law but the Sentence of the great Judge God's Word is not like man's word which is a bare sound but it 's a Word with power It 's like the Word of Creation saying Let there be Light and there was Light like the Word of Christ to the man of the Palsie Arise take up thy bed and walk and presently the thing is done Health and Strength is given He takes up his bed and walks and so his sins were forgiven and the remission was signified by a real operation and word of power And certainly there is no greater Evidence of sin past forgiven then power given to subdue sin for the time to come and after fear sorrow and trouble of men sweet peace joy and Heavenly Consolation 〈…〉 this Word which the Spirit speaks within is the very same Word with 〈…〉 Word which the Spirit speaks without us in the Scripture Yet with this difference that there it is a Promise made to all Believers in general here a Word with performance unto particular Believers The Word is not the Sentence of the Conscience The Witness of the Spirit is not the Witness of Conscience The Sentence of the Spirit is infallible the Sentence of the Conscience is fallible The Spirit is the Supream Judge by which God so justifies as no man can condemn the Conscience is an inferiour and subordinate Judge and the Sentence thereof may be revoked and made void The Spirit speaks with power and produceth Divine Effects and in the very Soul and such as neither Man nor Angels can produce These or like Effects the Conscience cannot reach If any say or ask How can God pass this Sentence but by the Conscience It 's answered That such men seem to be ignorant what the Conscience is and what the Sentence of it is what the different Sentences of the Conscience before and after Justification be The Sentence of the Spirit is a principle but that of the Conscience a conclusion And the Spirit must speak by these real Effects before Conscience can certainly conclude Justification to be past or the state of Justification to be present But this Point will receive some further Light § VIII after that we understand what this Judicial Act of Justification is Yet here ye must know that the act of Justification is one thing and the state of the party justified is another and they must be distinguished as cause and effect The general nature of it is that it is not the Promise of the Law nor the convention of the party to be judged nor the discussion of the cause but it 's a Sentence Yet because there 's a Sentence against a party and a Sentence for
People which the Psalmist prayeth for Psal. 106. 4. The light of God's countenance whereby His frowns are turned into smiles and he looks chearfully upon us 4 This favour is not a fancy and conceit that God doth love us but it 's really and fully manifested in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which God hath given us Rom. 5. 5. 5 As this Emnity begins on Man's part turning away from his God and provoking him so this Peace and Reconciliation begins on God's part in mercy turning unto man 6 As the hatred and displeasure of God and the want of his favour maybe considered as a Penalty and the same removed by Reconciliation so it may belong to Justification and Remission as a branch thereof without which it cannot be perfect 3 The party reconciled is the justified by Faith For being justified by Faith we have peace with God Take this Peace Passively as a benefit and reward received by Man it 's an effect of Justification and may so be called but take it Actively as coming from God it may be a part or degree of Justification essentially included in it For God in justifying in that very act accepts him as a friend and looks not on him as an Enemy It presupposeth the taking away of the general guilt and the removing the great penalty of sin and corruption by restoring the regenerating Spirit For how can man as guilty and polluted with sin and under the dominion of Corruption be a subject of this special love and favour According to the Scriptures and His Eternal Laws He cannot possibly be such God may so love Man when he is his Enemy as to give his Son for him and his Spirit to take away the cause of this Emnity but to love him with this special love as such is impossible For this Reconciliation necessarily presupposth the cause of the Emnity not as to be taken away but as taken away already Otherwise God should love those whom He hates as He hates them and be well pleased with those that lye under his fearful displeasure 4 We have this peace by Jesus Christ our Lord for by whom we have Justification by Him we have Reconciliation We find two degrees of this Reconciliation and both by Christ. For so the Apostle informs us For saith He God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself not imputing their Trespasses unto them and hath committed to us the Word of Reconciliation Now we are Embassadours for Christ as though God did beseech you by us we pray you in Christ's stead to be reconciled to God 2 Cor. 5. 19 20. By which words we easily understand that the Foundation of this Reconciliation was laid in Christ's suffering For even then God did not impute our sins to us but unto him and punished them in him for us For He who knew no sin was made sin for us that we might be the Righteousness of God in him Ibid. ver 21. And if this first Reconciliation had not been made and so God made propitious the second had never followed Again if when we were Enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of His Son much more being reconciled we shall be saved by his life And not onely so but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ by whom we have received the atonement Rom. 5. 10 11. Where we may observe that the first degree of Reconciliation 1 Was by Christ's Death The 2 By his life when we are justifyed For by His Death He merited it and by His life and intercession procures the actual enjoyment of it The first is Reconciliation made The second Reconciliation and Atonement received and both by Christ who reconciled us to God both Jew and Gentile in one Body by the Cross having slain the Emnity thereby And came and preached Peace to them which were afar off and to them that were nigh For through Him we both have access by one Spirit to the Father Ephes. 2. 3 12. In whom we have boldness and access with confidence by Faith in Him Ephes. 3. 12. So that by Christ we have this Peace with God For by his death he averts the Wrath and Displeasure of God and merits his favour He by his Ambassadours preacheth Peace and beseecheth us to be reconciled and so by his Word and Spirit converts us He by his intercession takes us by the hand and brings us before the Throne of Grace as though He were the Master of Ceremonies and Admissionate of Heaven and presents us holy and unblameable and unreproveable in His sight as washed in His Blood believed upon Col. 1. 22. Upon this Reconciliation it follows that we cease 1 To be Enemies 2 To be Strangers 3 To be Neutrals 4 We are Friends Fellow-Citizens with the Saints and of the Family of God This Reconciliation makes the state of the Reconciled very happy and it 's an unspeakable mercy as may appear 1 From the sad condition of Cain when he was driven from God's presence and others in his case from the Lamentations and Complaints of God's Servants when he did hide his face absent himself withdraw his Spirit and in anger as it were cover himself with a Cloud that their Prayers could not pass through and be heard By their Deprecations of God's anger least they should be cast out of his presence and his Holy Spirit taken from them From the unspeakable joy and consolation which did diffuse it self and warm their hearts upon this Reconciliation and return of the Spirit after their penitent and importunate Prayers For as it 's lost by sin so it 's regained by Repentance and Faith We seek the love and favour of great ones and fear their frowns But what are their frowns to God's displeasure or their love unto his favour which is the Fountain of Eternal joy A third degree of Justification § III which reacheth Salvation and toucheth Eternal Life immediately is that which the Gospel calleth Adoption whereby those who were no Sons believing in Christ are made the Sons and Heirs of God and joint-Heirs with Christ of Glory Where we must observe 1 How this Adoption agrees with Justification and differs from Regeneration and Reconciliation 2 What the nature of this Adoption is 3 Who they are that are Adopted 4 What the condition of the Adopted is 1. It agrees with Justification as a part or degree thereof as it doth remove a great penalty and so the guilt which Justification properly doth The guilt and penalty you shall know hereafter It differs from Regeneration because that gives onely a nâ—w life of Grace and Sanctification altering our disposition And this new Being and Life might be given us without a further Dignity and Title to an Heavenly Inheritance It 's true that if God beget us again and renew us we may be said to be His Sons yet it doth not follow that if we be Sons only in that sense that therefore we are Heirs though if we be adopted Sons
we are Heirs according to express Scripture Rom. 8. 17. It differs from Reconciliation because God may love us as his Servants and yet not as Sons and Heirs Therefore it 's a further degree of God's love and special favour For we may be His Subjects and yet not of His Houshold and Family We may be of His Family as Servants and Friends yet not as Sons and Heirs in the highest Rank and Degree of Dignity in His Family And we must here take special notice 1 That God by one act doth justifie regenerate reconcile and adopt For though we may distinguish them and conceive of them under several notions yet we must not separate them For though God might have separated some of them yet He doth not 2 That Justification Regeneration Reconciliation are not distinct and different Titles but one and the same Title unto Everlasting Life which God doth give us by these in our Lord Jesus Christ. For we are justifyed by His Grace that we should be Heirs according to the hope of Eternal Life Tit. 3. 7. Where Justification gives right unto Eternal Life And Blessed be God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ who of his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively hope by the Resurrection of Jesus Christ from the Dead unto an Inheritance c. 1 Pet. 1. 3 4. Where Regeneration is said to give right unto glory And again If Children that is adopted then Heirs joint-Heirs with Christ. Where Adoption is said to be the Title unto this Heavenly Inheritance Rom. 8. 17. The like may be said of Reconciliation For having Peace with God by Jesus Christ our Lord by whom also we have access by Faith into this Grace wherein we stand we rejoyce in the Hope of Glory Rom. 5. 2. How Faith and these may be the Title shall be known hereafter The second thing to be considered § IV and observed is the nature of Adoption This actively considered in general is a gracious act of God in Christ But in particular it 's such an act as whereby we are made of no Sons Sons and Heirs of God with Christ of glory Where we must acknowledge that by Nature we are not Sons For according to the Laws of men such as are adopted are different from Natural Sons which are Sons necessarily but these are made Sons freely by an act of free grace For Adoption is a free Election and always makes a person who is not a Child to be a Child By Nature indeed we are the Sons and heires of Wrath or rather Slaves to sin and Satan By sin we lost our â—iliation and our right to the inheritance of eternal life and this was a very sad condition and an heavy judgment of God This is our condition before Adoption But presently upon our Adoption we who were no Sons are Sons of God and heires of an eternall Kingdom and being washed in Christs blood are as Sons advanced to the dignity of Kings and Priests unto ouâ— God for ever Yet we are not heires severally and apart from but joyntly with Christ and of the same estate in our measure but in his right For as one with him and members of his body as he is a Son and heir so we must needs be Sons and heirs with Him In the third place § V The parties who are adopted are Believers in Christ for as by faith in him we are justified regenerated reconciâ—ed so by the same faith we are adopted For as many as received Christ he give them the priviledge or dignity to be the Sons of God even to them that Believe on his name Joh. 1. 12. You have heard often before that faith is the Title to justification by vertue of Christs merit and Gods promise But the immediate title to eternall glory is justification in regeneration reconciliation and Adoption For thoâ—gh by faith we have a remote and mediate right to glory yet the immediate subjects of this right to glory are the justified regenerate reconciled and adopted Saints and Sons of God For though God give this inheritance of glory unto Believers yet he gives it to Believers as justified regenerated and adopted This faith is fixed on Christ as meriting and interceding for this adoption For such as believe in his name are made the Sons of God Joh. 1. 12. And as God predestinated us unto the Adoption of Children by Jesus Christ unto himself according to the good pleasure of his Will Ephes 1. 5. So he also by him according to this Pedestination by him before time adopts us by him in time The fourth thing to be considered § VI is the estate and condition of these adopted Sons of God which is imperfect in this life and onely begun For it was a great and transcendent love of God that we should now in this life be called the Sons of God and have not onely the name but the thing it self And though now in this life we be the Sons of God it doth not yet appear what we shall be but we know that when Christ shall appear we shall be like him for we shall see him as he is 1 Ioh. 3. 1 2. And now we have the first fruits of the Spirit and we our selves groan within our selves waiting for the Adoption to wit the Redemption of our bodyes Rom. 8. 23. Where by the Redemption of our bodyes is understood the Resurrection when our Adoption shall be perfect And this is our great comfort for the present that we not onely are but certainly know that we are the Sons of God For the Spirit it self beareth witnesse with or rather to our Spirits that we are the Children of God Rom. 8. 16. And we are assured and have good security that in due time when we shall be at full age and past our minority we shall have â—ull enjoyment of the inheritance For we have the first fruits now ibid. 23. and are sealed with the holy Spirit of promise which is the earnest of our inheritance untill the Redemption of the purchased possession unto the praise of his glory Ephes. 1. 13 14. Where the Redemption may be the Resurrection and it 's the Redemption of Acquisition because upon the same we shall have full possession Great is the happinesse joy and comfort of the Adopted Sons of God For 1. By Adoption we are not onely freed from the slavery of sin but the bondage and servitude of the Law now in the times of the Gospel We have not received the Spirit of Bondage to fear again as it was under the Law Rom. 8. 15. We are not now under Tutours and Governours nor in Bondage unâ—er the Elements of the World that is the Ceremonial Law Galat. 4. 3 4. 2. We have the Spirit of Adoption whereby we cry Abba Father Rom. 8. 15. Gal. 4. 6. We cry and pray and we pray unto God as a Father and that with greatest confidence For what may not Children expect from a Father such a Father
second thing that follows is the confirmation of the continuance of this Covenant and that is in these words This is my Body c. This is the New Covenant or Testament in my Blood c. The thing confirmed is the continuance of the Covenant of Grace in the Bloud of Christ. The Confirmation and so the Solemn Engagement is two-fold 1. On God's part 2. On Man's part 1. On God's part by giving the Blessed Bread and Cup to be eaten and drunken 2. On Man's part by taking and eating the Blessed Bread and drinking the Blessed Cup. By Giving God doth testifie and assure man that He continues the same firm in the Covenant and is ready to give a further increase of Graces and a greater measure of Mercy for the merit of Christ dying and upon the same tearms the Covenant was made and confirmed at first For the Condition then was not onely to begin but continue Faith and Obedience and God by this Sacrament doth renew His Promise that man may renew his Faith Man presupposed to continue in this Covenant doth solemnly by receiving and eating this Bread in remembrance of the Body of Christ broken and offered and by receiving and drinking the Cup in remembrance of the bloud of Christ testifie and engage himself to continue in thta Covenant expecting Remission and Eternal Life upon no other tearms but Faith in Christ dying for him Yet because a Mist is cast upon these words This is my Body This is my Blood I must clear them that this Confirmation may be the more evident To this end I must shew 1. What is meant by THIS 2. How THIS Whatsoever it be may be said to be the Body of Christ And how the second THIS may be affirmed to be the Bloud of Christ. By THIS in the former place is meant Bread the blessed and consecrated Bread For 1. It was Bread that Christ took 2. It was Bread Christ blessed 3. It was Bread Christ broke 4. It was Bread Christ gave 5. It was Bread which Christ cmomanded them to take and eat 6. The Apostle calls this Bread three several times 1 Cor. 11. 26 27 28. But How is this Bread Christ's Body It 's not the Body of Christ by Transsubâ—antiation nor Consubstantiation For both these are contrary to Reason to Sense to the Nature of all Religious Rites and Sacraments to all Miracles For there never was Miracle that did delude the Senses For the Water turned miraculously into Wine appeared to be Wine and tasted as Wine and was Wine indeed as it appeared That many of the Fathers seem to affirm it to be the Body of Christ is nothing for as many call it Bread and a Sign and Figure of Christ's Body To this purpose you may read the Learned Dr. Crakenthorpe against Spalatensis in the Controversie of Transubstantiation where ye shall find a multitude of Councels and Fathers exactly quoted to this purpose The word Transubstantiation was not known till latter times The thing signified by it cannot be certainly defined For the greatest School-men and subtilest Wits differ amongst themselves both in the Definitions and the Explication of their Definitions Besides there is some reason to think many of them do not believe it For some of them amongst us have refused to take it upon their Salvation that after a due Consecration according to their Rules any such change of the Elements is made But suppose the change and that it 's certain to what end doth it serve For it 's confessed that wicked men may receive the Body of Christ in the Eucharist and yet be damned neither doth it profit any man who receives it without Faith THIS therefore that is said to be Christ's Body is Bread and at the first Institution it must needs be so for then Christ's Body was not broken neither did Christ then give it The second Question therefore is How Bread may be said to be Christ's Body if not really and by Transubstantiation or Consubstantiation or some such way The Answer is That it 's His Body 1. By Representation because it 's a Sign and Figure of his Body as many of the Ancients expresly affirm and if any of these say it 's Christ's Body in proper sense as they of the Church of Rome would make us believe they do then they must needs contradict themselves And this is proper to all Religious Rites to signifie something invisible and many times the name of the thing signifyed is given to the Sign it self As Circumcision is said to be a token of the Covenant Gen. 17. 2. and afterwards it is called the Covenant My Covenant shall be in your flesh ver 13. whereas it was the token of the Covenant that was in their flesh The reason of this expression is the similitude and agreement between the sign and the thing signifyed In this respect Christ calleth His Flesh Bread not that it was Bread but because it was like to Bread And that place of John the 6th where He calls Himself and His Flesh Bread is alleadged to proveâ—t is change yet if the Expression and Predication were proper that place might prove that Christ's Body was changed into Bread and not Bread into His Body as will easily appear to any Intelligent and impartial Reader Yet to be a bare Sign is not all but to be a Sign so by Divine Institution as to confirm the Promise of the Covenant and assure the worthy Receiver that as certainly as He gives him that Bread so certainly will God give him the benefits merited by the Death of Christ. By this time we may understand what is signifyed by these words This is my Body But what is meant by the latter words This is the Covenant in my Blood and This is my Blood of the Covenant For the sense of these there can be no doubt but by THIS is meant 1. The Cup For 1. Christ took the Cup. 2. Said This Cup is the New Testament or Covenant 3. It 's called three times by St. Paul the Cup. 2. By cup is meant the Wine in the Cup. 3. This Wine blessed and consecrated according to Christs institution This Cup is said to be the new testament that is the sign whereby it 's confirmed in this Sacrament and as it were a pledge given by God and received by man of remission of sin merited by the blood of Christ and for his sake promised to us Whereas Mathew and Mark relate that Christ said This is my blood it 's meant that the Wine in the Cup was a token and sign of his blood given and received to confirm the new Testament or Covenant Thus Circumcision was a Sign and Seal of the Righteousnesse of faith to Abraham as this Cup is a sign to signify and a Seal to confirm the righteousnesse of faith and remission of sins in the blood of Christ. As for the real presence of Christ in this Sacrament it 's certain that his glorifyed body is in Heaven Yet he