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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43015	A discourse of the plague containing the nature, causes, signs, and presages of the pestilence in general, together with the state of the present contagion : also most rational preservatives for families, and choice curative medicines both for rich and poor, with several waies for purifying the air in houses, streets, etc. / published for the benefit of this great city of London, and suburbs by Gideon Harvey.	Harvey, Gideon, 1640?-1700?	1665 (1665)	Wing H1062; ESTC R9710	14,104	31

poyson they enecate in two or three hours suddenly corrupting or extinguishing the vital spirits others at their first appulse excite a Per-per-acute malign Feaver and some begin with a putrid feaver swiftly changing into a malign one which nature this present Pest seems to have assumed gradually encroaching upon us as we have already expressed The Pestilence in respect of its Seminaries peragrates the four ordinary times to wit first the Commencement when those fiery Miasms are but newly kindled and begin to expire into the air and but few dye Secondly The Augment when the said pestilent exhalations exhale in greater quantities and kindle other Seminaries in the air Thirdly The state when they burst out in a full stream and have kindled most part of the fiery contents of the air at which time people dye thickest and fewest escape Fourthly The Declination when they begin to be extinguished and the number of burials decreases Distinction XI Prognosticks of the Plague THis Pestilence balancing the qualification of its causes and precursors with the number of the infected which considering the numerosity of the people are but few and the degree of its malignity specifying a milder sort of Plague portends no great mortality At present it is in the Augment and likely to attain to a state about the latter end of August or September according to observations of preceding Plagues that have began at the same time and season Note that most exitial feavers although not concomitated with the Tokens Exan●hemata Anthraces or Carbuncles are to be censured pestilential and contagious and therefore although such houses are not shut up it is every ones concernment to forbear making visits to any persons supposed to be dangerously ill Strong bodies and good complexions that have been temperate in their Diet kept their bodies clean and used Preservatives for a considerable time are likely to escape if they should be surprized in the Augment Distinction XII The Preservative Cure THe Preservative part seems the best easiest and surest cure of the Plague for if once attaqued it is great odds whether you escape and therefore shall principally encline my endeavours to propose the best and most certain Preservatives We have illustrated to you this Plague works upon us gradually by vitiating and corrupting our humours through the malign air against which we are to preserve our bodies and humours in their natural state and defend our selves against the injuries of the air 1. Our bodies and humours are best preserved by feeding moderately upon meats of easie digesture and of a dry temperature as Mutton Veal Hens Capons c. but dry roasted By being temperate in drink avoiding French Wines Sack Strong Alc and especially musty Beer Coffee is commended against the Contagion likewise moderate exercise be sure to prevent costiveness and violent passions Sleep moderately and after you are up uncover your bed and open the curtains to air it and have the bed well shaken when it is made for damps are very dangerous Abstain from all moist victuals as fish and moist fruits especially from Cowcumbers Lettuce Spinnage Plumbs Peaches c. Oranges and Lemmons are judged very good against Infection likewise Vinegar To go forth with an empty or hungry stomach is unwholsom because the spirits tending from the circumference to the stomach and intrails to attract nutriment their deserted vacuities in the extremities are filled up with the infectious air The best breakfast against the Contagion is Bisquit and Raisins 2. Plethory or abundance of bloud oppressing the spirits that are already engaged by the malign air oppugning them from without is very apt to putrefie and to be converted into malignity and therefore Phlebotomy or opening a vein is of absolute necessity whereby the vessels are rendred more loose and free for the spirits to work in 3. Likewise foulness of body or excrementitious humours lodging in hidden recesses being disposed to putrefaction and oppressing the spirits ought to be exquisitely purged away 4. These internal disorders or apparent intestine hostilities being thus prevented you are to provide against the injuries of the venene air which assaults us two waies 1. Through the nostrils and lungs by Inspiration 2. Through the pores of the body especially where the skin is thinnest and the Arteries most detected for the vital spirits seem to attract the air potently through the Arteries as about the wrists temples Jugulars groin and under the arm pits The Indicata relating to those Indicantia are 1. Perfumes to smell to correcting and purifying the air before it is attracted by the Lungs or rather antipestilential unguents and oyls to annoint the nostrils with for it is tedious to be alwaies obliged to hold a perfume to ones nose besides I observe most people that carry those perfumed boxes about with them imagine them sufficient preservatories as if the Infection were only taken by inspiration through the Nostrils but that is a great mistake since the Contagion doth more ordinarily penetrate into the body through the pores of the Arteries 2. Lavatories to wash the temples hands wrists and Jugulars do potently profligate and keep off the venome But I should rather advise Antipestilential Emplasters to be applied to the wrists temples groin and arm-pits which is a most excellent and commodious way of preserving because those Lavatories are easily dried up 3. Since it is impossible that those that are encompassed with a pestilential air can so preserve themselves but at one time or other the Contagion will enter into this or that part it is advisable we should continually fortifie our spirits with internal Antidotes to expell those Venenosities as fast as they croud in The Antidotes ought to be so qualified as in a single Doss to retain the bloud in a continual mild fermentation for 24 hours known by a small glowing of the body and extremities whereby the insidiating corpuscles are expulsed and the advenient ones kept off and such are only gross Diaphoreticks given in substance that scarce exhale out of the body in less time than a natural day Hence appears the vulgar vanity reposing an indubious confidence in a spoonful or two of those ordinary Antipestilential spirits as that of Sir Walter Rawleigh the Lord Bacon Mithridate Treacle and a thousand more that are composed out of the same sudorifick ingredients which because of their subtil parts and exiguous Dose are consumed and evaporated in less than two hours time and so the body is deserted without defence for the remainder of the day besides they are apt to inflame the body enrage the Gall and engender pernicious humours Neither as we may universally observe is the Plague more shie in attaquing those that are armed with the said Antipestilentials than others that slight all Preservatives But the greatest levity and imprudence is that people should so preposterously addict themselves to tipling of the fore-instanced spirits which encountring with foul bodies and Plethories and exciting a fermentation of those vitiate humours

must necessarily precipitate them into putrid and malign Feavers especially where the air is so propitious for them Moreover they must also cause obstructions and constipations by dissipating and absorbing the subtiler parts of the fluors and leaving the courser behind Now to evidence the necessity of Phlebotomy and Catharticks the long rude Winter and cold Spring occasioning great appetites have extreamly provoked people to gourmandizing and debauchery whence bodies result Plethorick and Cacochymick add thereunto the vitiate disposition of the air sensibly contributing to the generation of depravate bloud thus far touching the Indications Distinction XIII Caveats against the Plague 1. SHun all publick meetings where people promiscuously conversing with one another do readily propagate the infection besides nothing subministrates apter matter to be converted into pestilent Seminaries than peoples steams and breaths especially of nasty folks as beggers and others whence those houses happen to be soonest infected that are crouded with multiplicity of lodgers and nasty families 2. Avoid passing close dirty stinking and infected places as Alleys dark Lanes Church-yards Chandlers shops common Alehouses Shambles Poultries or any places where old houshold-stuff is kept as musty beddings and hangings for it is experienced nothing breeds or retains Pestilent Atoms more than woollen and feathers 3. Those that have occasion to go by water to Gravesend let them rather prefer lying upon the boords than on musty infectious straw Likewise Travellers in their Inns had better lye on the floar or upon Chairs than in those common nasty beds 4. The best Caveat and surest Preservative is to change the air according to that trite Distich Haec tria pestiferam pellunt adverbia tabem Mox Longe Tarde Cede Recede Redi i.e. Flee quick Go far and Slow return Distinction XIV Preservatives for the Rich. 1. FOr those that are Plethorick or full of bloud it is necessary they should be let bloud 2. It is of great concernment to have their bodies well purged and obstructions removed to procure the bloud and spirits a free course ventilation and transpiration by sutable purges and Ecphractick Medicines 3. The body ought to be maintained in its dayly excretions and its superfluous humours subtracted at several times to hinder all excrementitious accumulations by such means as are Eccoprotick and do particularly oppugn the malignity for which purpose Pilulae Ruffi sive Pestilentiales are much cryed up taking a half drachme or a drachme mornings once or twice a week or these following ℞ Al. Succot Nutrit Suc. Absinth ʒ ij Gum. Ammon Sol. in Acet Squil ʒ j. Tart. Vitriol Sal. Absinth an ʒ ss Sal. Vitriol ℈ j. Croc. Angl. gr 15. Ol. Succin gut 20. Syr. Veton q.s. M. F. Mass. Pil. Das. a. ℈ j. ad ℈ ij Mane duabus horis ante cibum This being premitted I le commend to you this following Antidote ℞ Pulv. Lign Guaiac ℥ ss Flor. Sulphur ʒ ij Antimon Diaphor ʒ j. Flor. Benz. ℈ ij Sal. Centaur Min. ʒ ss Myrr rub ℈ j. gr 5. Camphor ℈ j. Croc. Angl ℈ ss Ol. Succin gut 15. Ol. Vitr gut 10. Mel. Iunip. q. s. M. F. Elect. Dos a ʒ ss adʒ j ss vel ʒ ij This mixture contains all the properties that can be desired in a most excellent Pestilential Antidote The ingredients being prescribed in their substance do not suddenly exhale or depose their virtues but maintain the bloud in a gentle fermentation for a whole day and night actuate the spirits absorbe the intestinal superfluities reclude oppilations mundifie the bloud oppugn putrefaction gently expell and work out all contagious Seminaries through the pores and all this without inflaming the body which makes it sutable to all temperaments I could here recite five hundred very select antipestilentials but judging this to answer all Indications shall therefore supersede that needless pains The Dose hereof is about the bigness of a small Walnut or more every Morning drinking upon it a draught of wormwood Rhenish and an hour or two after you may breakfast upon biscuit and raisins It is also very proficuous to take a good large dose once a week and sweat moderately upon it a bed This following we have composed out of the chiefest Alexipharms but most for Phlegmatick temperaments ℞ Conserv Salv. Ros. Vet. an ℥ j. Elect. de Ovo Diascord Frac. an ℥ ss Flor. Sulphur ʒ ij Rad. Zedoar Dictam Carlin Scorzon Angel Ostrut Gentian Tormentil an ʒ ss Myr. Suc. Alb. Thur. Camph an ℈ j. Extr. Iunip. ʒ j Tinct Croc ℈ ij Ol. Angel Spir. Vitriol an gut 15. Syr. Acet Citr q s. M. F. Elect. Dos a ʒ j adʒ ij Children and bigbellied women require Antidotes somewhat more grateful to the Palate and less hot as these tablets ℞ Sp●● e Chel Cancr Coru. Cer. Nov. Prap. Terr Sigil Succin Alb. an ʒ j. Ol ●ont Citr gut 10. Sacchar Alb● q.s. Sol. in Aq. Ros. M. F. Rotul Poud ʒ ij Having now proposed to you the choicest internals it is requisite to add some external defences to keep off the air from entring viz. Emplasters to be applied to the wrists temples and groin ℞ Mithrid Opt. Vet. ℥ j. Cinab Factit ʒ j. Vitriol Roman ℈ ij Pic. Liq ʒ iij. Cer. Alb. q.s. M F. Empl. Extend Super. Alut vel Pan. Seris This Emplaster I can assure you is of that force and vertue that you would detract from its worth in using any thing else to second it since it performs the same effects of intrinsick Alexipharms besides it perfumes ones cloaths purifies the air attracts the venom outwards and gently keeps the vital spirits in play Cordial Bags worn next ones breast over the heart likewise Pestilential stomachick Emplasters applied to the stomach do potently resist the Infection and preserve the entrails The Cordial sweet-bag ℞ Rad. Calam. arom Angel Zedoar an ʒ j ss Flor. Anth. Salv. Ros. an P. j. Sum. Rut. pul Benz. Styr Myrr an ʒ j. Santal Citr Nuc. Muscat Cinam an ʒ ss Camphor ℈ j. Pulveriz M F. Saccul The Stomach Emplaster ℞ Emplastr Stomach ℥ j. Myrrhʒ j. Zedoar ℈ ij Extract Rut. Angel an ʒ j. Ol. Succin ℈ ss Ol. Laurin q.s. M. F. Empl. sentiform applicand stomach The Nostrils and the jugular Arteries ought to be anointed every morning with this following liniment or Balsom ℞ Ol Stillat Angel Rutae Succin an ℈ j. Caphur gr 5. Cerae Alb. q.s. M. F. Balsam inungant intern nar Art jug Some do also commend Balsame of Sulphur to anoint the Nostrils with but erroneously because it s sent is suffocating and very offensive to the Lungs The face and hands may be defended with this single wash Take half a drachme of Camphor dissolve it in two ounces of wine Vinegar and mix it with four ounces of Rose water The brain should likewise be shielded with a Cucupha or spice cap made with the same species prescribed for the cordial sweet bag It will not be amiss to insert a word or two touching

stinks or rotten Bodies expiring into the air are returned by moderate Rains and so suckt in by the Earth likewise all filth and dirt thrown into standing Waters Pools Sinks Gutters or Ditches are also imbibed by the Earth or by its clammy mud and there coagulated into venene Miasms Whence its apparent that nastiness and filth of Kitchins and several nasty Trades as Tallow-Chandlers Butchers Poulterers Fishmongers Dyers c. neglect of cleansing Gutters Sinks or Ditches ●a●●ng the Streets burying the dead removing Carrions and dead Carcases are great occasions of a Plague Further observe that to the production of Pestilential atoms the concurrence of these conditions is requisite 1. That those Pestilential fumes be first embryonately or preparatively formed in a close thick or standing air that is not much ventilated and close places viz. by harbouring great quantities of stinks and corruptions and returning them to the earth or mud of standing Waters Ditches Gutters or dirt of the streets to be coagulated into venene fumes which stinks participating of a sulphurous inflamable nature do soon kindle and are converted into flaming atoms by being coagulated in close places as the pores of the earth or mud 2. A want of great showers of Rain which otherwise would prevent a Pestilence by washing away all stinks and mud clear the Gutters and Sinks cool the Earth and extinguish those late concepted venoms 3. Small Rains to open the pores of the Earth and to conveigh those corruptions in the air into her bosom 4. A dry and hot season following the moist whereby the mud of the earth is seared up and the foresaid malign coagulations are kindled into flaming atoms 5. The said Arsenical bodies being now coagulated and kindled into flaming atoms require either a very dry and warm or subtiliating air to melt and open the surface of the Earth for to disincarcerate the said venene bodies or to attract and evocate them thence Or smal Rains to unglue and relax the earth to give vent to the inflamed atoms 6. These expiring require a thick and dull air to support preserve and feed them otherwise if subtil and thin they would soon be amortised dissolved or expelled by the thin quick and moveable air But since Plagues oft reign in places where the air seems cleer and freed from all stinks or corruptions it s an argument there must be some other sort of pestiferous matter viz. Mineral arsenical fumes engendred within the bowels of the Earth for its probable the Earth being an universal Parent of various mixt bodies as Vegetables Stones and Minerals must necessarily abound with excrements that are sequestred from all those Bodies she concocts and remain unapt of being converted into them which she expels to the surface and thence into the air But if it happens the Pores of the surface should be constipated and occasion a preternatural retention of the said excrements probably the more sulphurous parts of them do putrefie and inflame in the same manner of retained excrementitious humours within the Microcosm and so assume a venene nature which expiring infect and venenate the air The Earth may also happen to be constipated upon great Frosts and so we see many Plagues derive their original from a rude Winter or by great Rains converting her surface into a tough thick mud Distinction V. How the said Venenosities cause the Plague THe said flaming Arsenical corpuscles floating in the air are attracted into the Body by Inspiration through the Lungs and Nostrils or otherwise they pierce through ones clothes and so penetrate into the pores of the intire Body The said Miasms entring the Body are not so Energick as to venenate the intire mass of blood in an instant for in that case no preservatives would avail and any Person that had but inspired the least breath of contagious air would be struck with death immediatly but by degrees gradually corrupting the blood and converting its parts into bodies of their own nature The blood being afterwards rendred so turgid with a daily access of new Pestilential atoms from without and increase of others within Nature finds her self incapable of resisting any longer and yields whereupon the concepted fiery atoms unite and excite a Pestilential fermentation the genuine cause of all those ensuing symptoms Vid. Venus Unmaskt Par. 81. Distinction VI. Whence the Durability and great Contagion of the Pest. VVE cannot rationally imagine that the Earth should be so turgid as to supply the air with such quantities of Pestilential fumes as to protract a Pestilence to a Year or two Wherefore it s very probable those flaming malignities obtain a power of kindling and converting other sulphurous exhalations the air is at such times fil'd with into Pestilent atoms you may read more of this in my Venereal Discovery Art 6. Par. 25. The cause of their duration we ascribe to their analogick animation and nutrition or attraction of fuel But upon this I have already discoursed at large in Venus Unmaskt Art 19. Par 95. Distinction VII Why are some Bodies more exposed to the Contagion than others BEcause of their passive disposition of Body and Humours to receive the Infection and of being vitiated by it to wit by foulness of their bodies abundance of bloud oppression of the Spirits aperture of their pores thinness of texture of body intemperance promiscuous converse with all sorts of people whence the contagion oft lights in Taverns Ale-houses c. Whence is it the Plague is so scattering at present Because Pestilent Seminaries chance to expire and be kindled in several places Distinction VIII Why doth the Plague haunt one place more than another BEcause one place is closer nastier and more putrid than others by being environed with ditches stincking gutters and sinks houses built upon a clay and foggy ground are more subject to conceive pestilent Seminaries Lastly some sorts of earth being more sulphurous than others are more disposed to expire venenous fumes Distinction IX How is the Pestilent Contagion propagated TWo waies Immediately by conversing with infected persons or Mediately by Pestilent Seminaries propagated through the air by continuation or by those dense bodies that easily incarcerate the infected air as woollen cloaths beds furniture in which the Contagion may be preserved several years as Fracastorius relates Distinction X. The state of this present Plague THis Contagion might have been presaged upon consideration of its precursors viz. a rude Winter want of great showers of rain a thick close sulphurous and fiery air stinks of ditches and neglect of cleansing the gutters sinks and paring the streets Whence we may collect this Pestilence derives from expiring Mineral and adventitious Arsenical exhalations The differences of Plagues are specified by the degree qualification or modus substantiae of the Pestilent Seminaries which according to their grosseness or subtility activity or hebetude cause more or less truculent plagues some partaking of such a pernicious degree of malignity that in the manner of a most presentaneous

twenty grains Some six or eight hours after repeat the said sudorifick and thereupon the Refective Cordial The Contagion being very malign indicates the commixture of some Narcotick with the sudorifick as a grain or two of Laudanum Opiatum to allay the violence of the Fermentation If the malignity be only obtunded by the fore-instanced Diaphoreticks a third Dose will prove necessary Inject also lenitive and detergent glysters between times To extinguish the great heat and abate the Patients immoderate thirst this Julep is thought very excellent Take the shavings of Harts horn one ounce affuse a quart of water and boyl it for half an hour or less strain it and dissolve in it three ounces of syrup of Popies one drachme and a half of Sal. Prunellae one Scruple of Spir. of Vitr This may be inforced by admixing two or three ounces of Aq. Sperm Ranar. to it Against restlesness or immoderate vigilies we use to prescribe this following in malign feavers ℞ Aq. bor Nymph Pap. Rh. an ℥ j ss Diascord Frac. ℈ j. Syr. Pap. Rh. ℥ j ss This if frustraneous is fortified with Diascord or Laudan Op. Anoint the Temples Nostrils and Jugulars with Ung. Pop. Alabast an ʒ j ss Op. Theb. dissol in spir Vin. gr 9. Camphor gr 3. M. F. Lin. Against the adustion of the tongue and mouth use Plantain water four ounces two ounces of Rose Vinegar one ounce of Syrup of Mulberries one drachme of Sal Prunellae If upon the first shock of the Contagion the stomack is vitiated in its retention so as it vomit up whatever is ingested exhibit a Dose of salt of Vitriol which besides its speedy evacuation by vomit without enervating the body doth singularly infringe the malignity An hour or two after its operation assume a Dose of the Antipestilential Tincture which repeat as oft as necessary If the Patient is surprised with a Lipothymous anguor jactitation or great oppression about the stomach and Hypochonders expect no relief from Cordials in that case although usually prescribed but take a Dose of salt of Vitriol A raging headach is only appeased with soporiferous Liniments and internal Narcoticks A Dysentery is stopt by a Detersive mixt with a Narcotick viz. Diascord adʒ j. Laudan Opiat ad gr 2. vel 3. Distinction XVII The Cure of Carbuncles CArbuncles the more they break forth in number and the farther from the heart so much the better which if soft and easily perduced to a laudable maturation with the sequel of the imminution or mitigation of symptomes portend a happy event if otherwise the contrary Since Nature doth disburden her self of the venom by those kinds of tumours we are to give them vent as speedily as possible by applying strong acre and attracting Maturatives as this following Take sharp Leaven one ounce Garlicks roasted number two Mithridate half an ounce Mustard seed bruised two drachmes oyl of Rue Per. infusion two ounces make it to a Poultis The said tumours being but imperfectly maturated known by their softness are to be opened with a Canstick and a milder Poultis to remain on untill the crust falls off then to be mundified with honey of Roses an ounce Mithridate a dram dissolved in spirits of Wine this to be imbibed by stoupes and applied imposing upon them an Empl. Diachyl Distinction XVIII Whether Phlebotomy ought to be celebrated in the Cure of the Plague IT is generally thought Phlebotomy retracting the bloud from the Circumference to the Center doth also convey the concepted Contagion with it and so impact it deeper into the body for which reason it is disapproved by those that know no better but this supposed it is no prejudice as long as the Contagion being still in motion is immediately after expelled with a double force by taking a sudorifick upon it for by letting bloud in the beginning after that manner we take the greatest advantages imaginable 1. We detract some part of the burden from the spirits that are too much oppressed already by the malignity 2. Thereby by we remove obstructions of the vessels and relax the constipation of the pores towards a ventilation and transpiration which otherwise doth deny passage to the malignity Nature endeavours to expell by sweat 3. The spirits being embroyled with the malignity and drowned in the bloud not only abounding but also turgent and tumisied by the Febril fermentation and so tyed up from expelling the venosity are by Phlebotomy relieved set free and loose abstracted from the fermentation whence afterwards uniting together do forcibly expel the venom by transpiration whence it is most persons are easily incident into sweats after Phlebotomy especially if moved by a Diaphoretick although but gentle Wherefore you may now believe nothing more proficuous against the Plague but in the commencement only than Phlebotomy seconded with Diaphoreticks read the same question in my Vener Discov Book Art 5. P. 14. Distinction XIX Whether the Plague cannot be generally prevented by purifying the Air and extinguishing the Pest●lent Seminaries therein floating IT is recorded Hippocrates cured his Island being infected with a Deleterious Pestilence by setting in fire a great Wood which attracted all the Venene Seminaries and so consumed and amortifed them but it 's observed he did so when the Plague was declining But it is not as the Vulgar imagines the Pestilent Seminaries must not only be extinguisht but all the sulphurous matter of the air whereout the said Venenosities are kindled be consumed And lastly not only so but the Earth must also have vented all her malign fumes for know that a Pestilence generally derives its origine from a Crisis of the Earth whereby it purges it self by expiring those Arsenical fumes that have been retained so long in her bowels now before a Pestilence can cease the Earth must have purged it self through those transpirations which continue longer or shorter according as the heat of the Sun doth assist her by attracting the said fumes or small Rains open her pores by relaxing her surface whence we may now weekly observe the more small Rains there fall the more the present mortality increases So that you may now collect a Pestilence to be originally nothing but a Critical sweat of the earth The air may be purified by burning great fires of pitch barrels especially in close places by discharging of great Guns into infectious Streets by burning of Stinck pots or Stinckers as they call them in Contagious Lanes besides many other waies which at present time and paper denies us a recital of Otherwise I should have inserted many other very considerable Secrets for Preservation and Cure but I content my self to have served the Publick by divulging the most apposite methods and choicest Medicines that can be composed or thought upon FINIS