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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08913	A treatise of the plague contayning the causes, signes, symptomes, prognosticks, and cure thereof. Together with sundry other remarkable passages (for the prevention of, and preservation from the pestilence) never yet published by anie man. Collected out of the workes of the no lesse learned than experimented and renowned chirurgian Ambrose Parey.	Paré, Ambroise, 1510?-1590. aut; Johnson, Thomas, d. 1644.	1630 (1630)	STC 19192; ESTC S103146	56,219	88

applied therefore if the veines swell the face waxe fierie red if the arteries of the temples beate strongly if the patient can verie hardly breath by reason of a weight in his stomacke if his spittle be bloudie then ought hee to be let bloud without delay for the causes before mentioned It seemes best to open the liuer veine on the left arme whereby the heart and the spleene may be better discharged of their abundant matter yet bloud letting is not good at all times for it is not expedient when the bodie beginneth to waxe stiffe by reason of the comming of the Feuer for then by drawing backe the heate and spirits inwardly the outward parts beeing destitute of bloud waxe stiffe and cold therefore bloud cannot bee letten then without great losse of the strength and perturbation of the humors And it is to bee noted that when those plethoricke causes are present there is one Indication of bloud-letting in a simple pestilent Feauer and another in that which hath a Bubo id est a Botch or a Carbuncle ioined therewith For in one or both of these being ioined with a vehement and strong burning Feuer bloud must bee letten by opening the veine that is neerest vnto the tumor or swelling against nature keeping the straightnesse of the fibres that this being open the bloud might be drawne more directly from the part affected for all and euerie retraction of putrified bloud vnto the noble parts is to bee auoided because it is noisome and hurtfull to nature and to the patient Therefore for examples sake admit the patient bee plethoricke by repletion which is called Ad vasa id est vnto the vessells and Ad vires id est vnto the strength and therewithall he hath a tumor that is pestilent in the parts belonging vnto his head or necke the bloud must be let out of the cephalicke or median veine or out of one of their branches dispersed in the arme on the greened side But if through occasion of fatt or any other such like cause those veines doe not appeare in the arme there bee some that giue counsell in such a case to open the veine that is betweene the forefinger and the thombe the hand being put into warme water whereby that veine may swell and be filled with bloud gathered thither by meanes of the heate If the tumor bee vnder the arme-hole or about those places the liuer veine or the median must be opened which runneth alongst the hand if it bee in the groine the veine of the hamme or Saphena or any other veine aboue the foote that apreareth well but alwaies on the greeued fide And phlebotomie must bee performed before the third day for this disease is of the kinde or nature of sharpe diseases because that within foure and twentie houres it runneth past helpe In letting of bloud you must haue consideration of the strength You may perceiue that the patient is readie to swound when that his forehead waxeth moist with a small sweate sodainely arising by the aking or paine at the stomacke with an appetite to vomite and desire to go to stoole gaping blacknesse of the lippes and sodaine alteration of the face vnto palenesse and lastly most certainely by a small and slow pulse and then you must lay your finger on the veine and stop it vntill the patient come to himselfe againe either by nature or else restored by Arte that is to say by giuing vnto him bread dipped in wine or anie other such like thing then if you haue not taken bloud enough you must let it goe againe and bleede so much as the greatnesse of the disease or the strength of the patient will permit or require which being done some one of the Antidotes that are prescribed before will be verie profitable to be drunk which may repaire the strength and infrigne the force of the malignitie CHAP. XVII Of purging medicines in a pestilent disease IF you call to minde the proper indications purging shall seeme necessarie in this kinde of disease and that must be prescribed as the present case and necessitie requireth rightly considering that the disease is sodaine and doth require medicines that may with all speede driue out of the bodie the hurtfull humor wherein the noisome qualitie doth lurke and is hidden which medicines are diuerse by reason of the diuersity of the kinde of the humor and the condition or temperature of the patient For this purpose sixe graines of Scammonie beaten into pouder or else tenne graines are commonly ministred to the patient with one dramme of Treacle Also pils may bee made in this forme Take of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dramme of Sulphur vinum finely poudered halfe a dram of Diagridium foure graines make thereof Pils Or Take three drams of Alloes of Myrhe and Saffron of each one dramme of white Hellebore and Asarabacca of each foure scruples make thereof a masle with old Treacle and let the patient take foure scruples thereof for a dose three houres before meate Ruffus his Pils may be profitably giuen to those that are weake The ancient Physitions haue greatly commended Agarick for this disease because it doth draw the noisome humors out of all the members and the vertues thereof are like vnto those of Treacle for it is thought to strengthen the heart and to draw out the malignitie by purging To those that are strong the weight of two drammes may be giuen and to those that are more weake halfe a dramme It is better to giue the infusion in a decoction than in substance for beeing elected and prepared truely into Trochises it may bee called a most diuine kinde of medicine Antimonium is highly praised by the experience of many but because I know the vse thereof is condemned by the counsell and decree of the Schoole of Physitions at Paris I will here cease to speake of it Those medicines that cause sweates are thought to excell all others when the Pestilence commeth of the venemous ayre among whom the efficacie of that which followeth hath beene proued to the great good of manie in that Pestilence which was lately throughout all Germanie as Matthias Rodler Chauncellor to Duke George the Count Palatine signified vnto mee by letters They doe take a bundle of Mugwort and of the ashes thereof after it is burnt they make a lye thereof with foure pints of water then they doe set it ouer the fier and boile it in a vessell of earth well leaded vntill the liquor be consumed the earthy dregges falling vnto the bottome like vnto salt wherof they make Trochises of the weight of a crowne of gold then they dissolue one or two of those Trochises according to the strength of the patient in good Muskadine and giue it the patient to drinke and let him walke after that he hath drunk it for the space of halfe an houre then lay him in his bedde and there sweate him two or three houres and then hee will vomite and his belly will

A TREATISE OF THE PLAGUE CONTAYNING The Causes Signes Symptomes Prognosticks and Cure thereof Together with sundry other remarkable passages for the prevention of and preservation from the Pestilence never yet published by anie man Collected out of the Workes of the no lesse learned than experimented and renowned Chirurgian AMBROSE PAREY PSAL. 91. 5 6. Thou shalt not be afraid for the terrour by night nor for the Pestilence that walketh in darknesse LONDON Printed by R. Y. and R. C. and are sold by Mich. Sparke in the green Arbor Court in little Old Bailey at the blew Bible 1630. To the Reader REader for a publike good I haue aduentured to vndergoe a publike censure in those times totally addicted to criticisme induced thereto by thinking it better to helpe with those small forces I haue in this dangerusi nuasion than through feare of censures to be silent chiefly seeing those who at other times shew themselues prime leaders and souldiers to expell common and vsuall assailants become the first and cheife fugitiues in these cases of extremity And hauing found one whose knowledge and experience exceeds the greatest part of our common practitioners I make bold here to present him to thy eye and vse hee speakes plainely and honestly and handles not nice controuersies to small purpose nor tires with tedious and impertinent discourses wherefore if thou be destitute of counsell it shall not repent thee to vse his In which if thou finde comfort giue thankes to him to whom onely all praise is due who of his mercy diuert or if not assist vs in all times of his visitations farewell A Treatise of the Plague CHAP. I. The description of the Plague THe Plague is a cruell and contagious Disease which euerie-where like a common Disease inuading Man and Beast kils verie many being attended and as it were associated with a continuall Feauer Botches Carbunkles Spots Nauseousnesse Vomitings and other such maligne accidents This Disease is not so pernitious or hurtfull by any Elementarie qualitie as from a certaine poysonous and venenate malignitie the force whereof exceeds the condition of common putrefaction Yet I will not deny but that it is more hurtfull in certaine Bodyes Times and Regions as also many other Diseases of which Hippocrates makes mention But from hence we can onely collect that the force and malignitie of the Plague may be increased or diminished according to the condition of the Elementarie qualities concurring with it but not the whole nature and essence thereof to depend thereon This pestiferous Poyson principally assailes the Vitall Spirit the Store-house and originall whereof is the Heart so that if the Vitall Spirit proue stronger it driues it farre from the Heart but if weaker it being ouercome and weakned by the hostile assault flies backe into the Fortress of the Heart by the like contagion infecting the Heart and so the whole Body being spred into it by the passages of the Arteries Hence it is pestilent Feauers are some-times simple and folitarie other-whiles associated with a troope of other affects as Botches Carbunkles Blaines and Spots of one or more colours It is probable such affects haue their originall from the expulfiue Facultie whether strong or weake prouoked by the malignitie of the raging matter Yet assuredly diuers symptomes and changes arise according to the constitution of the Body of the Patient and condition of the humour in which the virulencie of the Plague is chiefely inherent and lastly in the nature of the efficient cause I thought good by this description to expresse the nature of the Plague at this my first entrance into this matter for we can scarce comprehend it in a proper definition For although the force thereof be definite and certaine in Nature yet it is not altogether certaine and manifest in Mens minds because it neuer happens after one sort so that in so great varietie it is verie difficult to set downe any thing generall and certaine CHAP. II. Of the Diuine causes of an extraordinarie Plague IT is a confirmed constant and receiued opinion in all Ages amongst Christians that the Plague and other Diseases which violently assaile the life of Man are often sent by the iust anger of God punishing our offences The Prophet Amos hath long since taught it saying Shall there be affliction shall there be euill in a Citie and the Lord hath not done it On which truly we ought alwayes to meditate and that for two causes The first is that we alwayes beare this in mind that we enioy health liue moue and haue our beings from God and descends from that Father of Light and for this cause we are alwayes bound to giue him great and exceeding thankes The other is that knowing the calamities by sending whereof the Diuine anger proceeds to reuenge we may at length repend and leauing the way of wickednesse walke in the pathes of godlinesse For thus we shall learne to see in God our selues the Heauen and Earth the true knowledge of the causes of the Plague and by a certaine Diuine Philosophy to teach God to be the beginning and cause of the second causes which well without the first cause cannot goe about nor attempt much lesse performe any thing for from hence they borrow their force order and constancie of order so that they serue as Instruments for God who rules and gouernes vs and the whole World to performe all his workes by that constant course of order which he hath appointed vnchangeable from the beginning Wherefore all the cause of a Plague is not to be attributed to these neere and inferiour causes or beginnings as the Epicures and Lucianists commonly doe who attributing too much yea all things to Nature haue left nothing to Gods Prouidence On the contrarie we ought to thinke and beleeue in all our thoughts That euen as God by his omnipotent Power hath created all things of nothing so he by his eternall Wisedome preserues and gouernes the same leads and enclines them as he please yea verily at his pleasure changes their order and the whole course of Nature This cause of an extraordinarie Plague as we confesse and acknowledge so here we will not prosecute it any further but thinke fit to leaue it to Diuines because it exceeds the bounds of Nature in which I will now containe my selfe Wherefore let vs come to the naturall causes of the Plague CHAP. III. Of the Naturall causes of the Plague and chiefely of the Seminarie of the Plague by the corruption of the Aire THE generall and naturall causes of the Plague are absolutely two that is the infection of corrupt Aire and a preparation and fitnesse of corrupt humours to take that infection for it is noted before out of the Doctrine of Galen that our humours may be corrupted and degenerate into such an alienation which may equall the malignitie of Poyson The Aire is corrupted when the foure seasons of the yeere haue not their seasonablenesse or degenerate from themselues either by

of his Beames haue wasted and dissipated into Aire this pestiferous dew hanging and abiding vpon boughes and leaues of Trees Herbs Corne and Fruits But on the contrarie that Pestilence which proceeds from some maligne qualitie from aboue by reason of euill and certaine coniunction of the Starres is more hurtfull to Men and Birds as those who are neerer to Heauen CHAP. VI. By vsing what cautions in Aire and Dyet one may preuent the Plague HAuing declared the signes fore-shewing a Pestilence now we must shew by what meanes we may shun the imminent danger thereof and defend our selues from it No preuention seemed more certaine to the Ancients then most speedily to remoue into places farre distant from the infected place and to be most slow in their returne thither againe But those who by reason of their businesse or employments cannot change their habitation must principally haue care of two things The first is that they strengthen their Bodyes and the principall parts thereof against the daily imminent inuasions of the Poyson or the pestiferous and venenate Aire The other that they abate the force of it that it may not imprint its virulencie in the Body which may be done by correcting the excesse of the qualitie inclining towards it by the opposition of its contrarie For if it be hotter then is meet it must be tempered with cooling things if too cold with heating things yet this will not suffice For we ought besides to amend and purge the corruptions of the venenate malignitie diffused through it by smels and perfumes resisting the Poyson thereof The Body will be strengthened and more powerfully resist the infected Aire if it want excrementitious humors which may be procured by purging and bleeding and for the rest a conuenient dyet appointed as shunning much varietie of Meats and hot and moyst things and all such which are easily corrupted in the Stomacke and cause obstructions such as those things which be made by Comfit-makers we must shun satietie and drunkennesse for both of them weakens the Powers which are preserued by the moderate vse of Meats of good iuice Let moderate exercises in a cleere Aire and free from any venemous tainture preceed your Meales Let the Belly haue due euacuation either by Nature or Art Let the Heart the seat of Life and the rest of the Bowels be strengthened with Cordials and Antidotes applyed and taken as we shall here-after shew in the forme of Epithemes Ointments Emplasters Waters Pilles Powders Tablets Opiates Fumigations and such like Make choyce of a pure Aire and free from all pollution and farre remote from stinking places for such is most fit to preserue life to recreate and repaire the Spirits whereas on the contrarie a cloudy or mistie Aire and such as is infected with grosse and stinking vapours duls the Spirits deiects the Appetite makes the Body faint and ill coloured oppresses the Heart and is the breeder of many diseases The Northern Wind is healthfull because it is cold and dry But on the contrarie the Southern Wind because it is hot and moyst weakens the Body by sloth or dulnesse opens the Pores and makes them peruious to the pestiferous malignitie The Western Wind is also vnwholsome because it comes neere to the nature of the Southern wherefore the Windowes must be shut vp on that side of the House on which they blow but opened on the North and East side vnlesse it happen the Plague come from thence Kindle a cleere Fire in all the Lodging Chambers of the House and perfume the whole House with Aromaticke things as Frankensence Myrrhe Benzoine Ladanum Styrax Roses Mirtle-leaues Lauender Rosemary Sage Sauory Wild Time Marierome Broome Pine Apples peeces of Firre Iuniper Berries Cloues Perfumes and let your Cloathes be aired in the same There be some who thinke it a great preseruatiue against the pestilent Aire to keepe a Goat in their houses because the capacitie of the Houses filled with the strong sent which the Goat sends forth prohibits the entrance of the venemous Aire which same reason hath place also in sweet smels and besides it argues that such as are hungry are apter to take the Plague then those who haue eaten moderately for the Body is not onely strengthened with Meat but all the passages thereof are filled by the vapours diffused from thence by which otherwise the infected Aire would find a more easie entrance to the Heart Yet the common sort of People yeeld another reason for the Goat which is That one ill sent driues away another as one wedge driues forth another which calles to my mind that which is recorded by Alexander Benedictus that there was a Scythian Physition which caused a Plague arysing from the infection of the Aire to cease by causing all the Dogges Cats and such like Beasts which were in the Citie to be hilled and casting their Carcasses vp and downe the Streets that so by the comming of this new putrid vapour as a stranger the former pestiferous infection as an old guest was put out of its Lodging and so the Plague ceased For Poysons haue not onely an antipathy with their Antidotes but also with some other Poysons Whilst the Plague is hot it is not good to stirre out of doore before the rysing of the Sunne wherefore we must haue patience vntill he haue cleansed the Aire with the comfortable light of his Beames and dispersed all the foggy and nocturnall pollutions which commonly hang in the Aire in dirtie and specially in low places and Valleys All publike and great meetings and assemblyes must be shunned If the Plague begin in Summer and seeme principally to rage helped forward by the Summers heat it is the best to performe a Iourney begun or vndertaken for performance of necessarie affaires rather vpon the night time then on the day because the Infection takes force strength and subtiletie of substance by which it may more easily permeate and enter in by the heat of the Sunne but by night Mens Bodies are more strong and all things are more grosse and dense But you must obserue a cleane contrarie course if the malignitie seeme to borrow strength and celeritie from coldnesse But you must alwayes eschew the Beames of the Moone but specially at the full For then our Bodyes are more languid and weake and fuller of excrementitious humors Euen as Trees which for that cause must be cut downe in their season of the Moone that is in the decrease thereof After a little gentle walking in your Chamber you must presently vse some meanes that the principall parts may be strengthened by suscitating the heat and Spirits and that the passages to them may be filled that so the way may be shut vp from the Infection comming from without Such as by the vse of Garlike haue not their Heads troubled nor their inward parts inflamed as Countrey people and such as are vsed to it to such there can be no more certaine preseruatiue and antidote against the pestiferous

Therefore it is better to erre in this that you should thinke euerie disease to be pestilent in a pestilent season and to cure it as the Pestilence because that so long as the ayre is polluted with the seedes of the Pestilence the humors in the bodie are soone infected with the vicinitie of such an ayre so that then there happeneth no disease void of the Pestilence that is to say which is not pestilent from the beginning by his owne nature or which is not made pestilent Manie begin the cure with bloud-letting some with purging and some with Antidotes We taking a consideration of the substance of that part that is assaulted first of all begin the cure with an Antidote beeause that by its specificke propertie it defends the heart from poison as much as it is offended therewith Although there are also other Antidotes which preserue and keep the heart and the patient from the danger of Poison and the Pestilence not onely because they doe infringe the power of the poison in their whole substance but also because they driue it and expell it out of all the bodie by sweate vomiting scouring and such other kindes of euacuations The Antidote must be giuen in such a quantitie as may bee sufficient to ouercome the poison but because it is not good to vse it in greater quantitie than neederh lest it should ouerthrow our nature for whose preseruation only it is vsed therefore that which cannot bee taken together and at once must bee taken at seuerall times that some portion thereof may daily be vsed so long vntill all the accidents effects and impressions of the poison be past and that there bee nothing to be feared Some of those Antidotes consist of portions of venomous things being tempered together and mixed in an apt proportion with other medicines whose power is contrarie to the venom as Treacle which hath for an ingredient the flesh of Vipers that it being thereto mixed may serue as guide to bring all the Antidote vnto the place where the venenate malignitie hath made the chiefe impression because by the similitude of nature and sympathie one poison is sodainly snatched and carried vnto another There are other absolute poisonous which neuerthelesse are Antidotes one vnto another as a Scorpion himselfe cureth the pricke of a Scorpion But Treacle and Mithridate excell all other Antidotes for by strenthening the noblest part and the mansion of life they repaire and recreate the wasted Spirits and ouercome the poyson not onely being taken inwardly but also applied outwardly to the region of the heart Botches and Carbuncles for by an hidden propertie they draw the poisons vnto them as Amber doth Chaffe and digest it when it is drawne and spoile and robbe it of all its deadly force as it is declared at large by Galen in his booke de Theriaca ad Pisonem by most true reasons and experiments But you will say that these things are hote and that the Plague is often accompanied with a burning Feauer But therereto I answer there is not so great danger in the Feauer as in the Pestilence although in the giuing of Treacle I would not altogether seeme to neglect the Feauer but thinke it good to minister or apply it mixed with cordiall cooling medicines as with the Trochisces of Camphire Sirup of Lemmons of water Lillies the water of Sorrell and such like And for the same cause wee ought not to choose old Treacle but that which is of a middle age as of one or two yeares old to those that are strong you may giue halfe a dramme and to those that are more weake a dramme The patient ought to walke presently after that he hath taken Treacle Mithridate or anie other Antidote but yet as moderately as he can not like vnto many which when they perceiue themselues to be infected do not cease to course and runne vp and downe vntill they haue no strength to sustaine their bodies for so they doe dissolue nature so that it cannot suffice to ouercome the contagion After moderate walking the patient must be put warme to bedde and couered with manie clothes and warme brick-bats or tiles applied to the soles of his feete or in stead thereof you may vse swines bladders filled with hot water and apply them to the grindes and arme-holes to prouoke sweate for sweating in this disease is a most excellent remedie both for to euacuate the humors in the Feauer and also to driue forth the malignitie in the Pestilence although euerie sweate brings not forth the fruit of health For George Agricola saith that he saw a woman at Misnia in Germanie that did sweat so for the space of three dayes that the bloud came forth at her head and breast and yet neuerthelesse she died This potion following will prouoke sweate Take the roots of China shaued in thinne peeces one ounce and halfe of Guaiacum two ounces of the barke of Tamariske one ounce of Angelica rootes two drams of the shauings of Harts-horne one ounce of Iuniper berries three drams put them into a viall of glasse that will containe sixe quarts put therto foure quarts of rūning or riuer water that is pure and clear macerate them for the space of one whole night on the hot ashes and in the morning boile them all in Balneo Mariae vntill the halfe be consumed which will be done in the space of sixe houres then let them be strained through a bagge and then strained againe but let that be with sixe ounces of sugar of Roses and a little Treacle let the patient take eight ounces or fewer of that liquor and it will prouoke sweat The pouder following is also verie profitable Take of the leaues of Dictamnus the rootes of Tormentill Betoni of each halfe an ounce of bole Armenicke prepared one ounce of Terra Sigillata three drams of Aloes and Mirrhe of each halfe a dram of Saffron one dram of Masticke two drammes pouder them all according to Arte and giue one dram thereof dissolued in Rose-water or the water of wilde sorrell and let the patient walke so soone as he hath taken that pouder then let him be laid in his bed to sweate as I haue shewed before The water following is greatly commended against poyson Take the roots of Gentian and Cyperus of each three drams of Carduus benedictus Burnet of each one handfull of Sorrell seedes and Diuels-bit of each two pugils of Ivie and Iuniper berries of each halfe an ounce of the flowers of Buglosse Violets and red Roses of each two pugils pouder them somewhat grossely then soake or steepe them for a night in white wine and Rose water then adde thereto of Bole Armenicke one ounce of Treacle halfe an ounce distill them all in Balneo Mariae and keepe the distilled liquor in a viall of glasse well couered or close stopped for your vse let the patient take sixe ounces thereof with Sugar and a little Cinamon and Saffron then let him walke and then sweate as