Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	blood_n	body_n	heart_n	5,603	5	5.0093	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06786	Consuetudo, vel lex mercatoria, or The ancient law-merchant Diuided into three parts: according to the essentiall parts of trafficke. Necessarie for all statesmen, iudges, magistrates, temporall and ciuile lawyers, mint-men, merchants, marriners, and all others negotiating in all places of the world. By Gerard Malynes merchant.	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1622 (1622)	STC 17222; ESTC S114044	480,269	516

their_o body_n until_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o albeit_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v right_o term_v to_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n man_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n concern_v understanding_n and_o will_n have_v their_o proper_a relation_n for_o that_o part_n call_v understanding_n be_v seat_v chief_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o will_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n both_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o knowledge_n the_o philosopher_n have_v make_v this_o distinction_n by_o their_o chemical_a observation_n and_o such_o as_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o blood_n disperse_v through_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n do_v also_o place_v the_o will_n of_o man_n in_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o the_o anatomist_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concavitie_n where_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o vital_a blood_n be_v place_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v fear_v up_o and_o the_o place_n be_v shrink_v in_o body_n which_o have_v be_v poison_v to_o make_v application_n of_o this_o comparison_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o spirit_n comparison_n application_n of_o the_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n that_o even_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v predominant_a over_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o all_o the_o action_n thereof_o which_o by_o the_o blood_n be_v quicken_v and_o preserve_v even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n overrule_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o action_n of_o money_n be_v feel_v or_o see_v direct_v the_o same_o by_o some_o due_a proportion_n according_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n for_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a by_o the_o roman_n be_v almost_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o best_a metal_n to_o avoid_v the_o troublesome_a carriage_n of_o commodity_n up_o and_o down_o and_o from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o so_o upon_o the_o like_a consideration_n when_o other_o nation_n imitate_v the_o roman_n do_v coin_n money_n exchange_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o exchange_n exchange_n by_o bill_n for_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o avoid_v both_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o money_n and_o the_o troublesome_a carriage_n thereof_o this_o money_n now_o be_v make_v by_o diverse_a nation_n of_o several_a standard_n and_o diverse_a stamp_n and_o inscription_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n cause_v they_o to_o appoint_v a_o certain_a exchange_n for_o the_o permutation_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o coin_n in_o diverse_a country_n without_o any_o transportation_n of_o the_o coin_n but_o give_v par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o certain_a allowance_n to_o accommodate_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v call_v numularij_fw-la argentarij_fw-la and_o collybistae_n that_o be_v to_o say_v numularij_fw-la of_o nummus_fw-la or_o the_o coin_n itself_o argentarij_fw-la because_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v most_o usual_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o collybistae_n because_o it_o signify_v a_o reward_n for_o exchange_v here_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n which_o have_v be_v use_v and_o in_o some_o country_n be_v yet_o continue_v albeit_o some_o of_o they_o be_v abrogate_a in_o england_n common_o call_v cambio_n commune_v cambio_n real_a cambio_n sicco_fw-it and_o cambio_n fictitio_fw-la which_o denomination_n may_v be_v admit_v the_o first_o manner_n of_o exchange_n call_v cambio_n commune_v commune_fw-la i_o cambio_n commune_fw-la be_v proper_o that_o exchange_n which_o the_o say_v collibistae_fw-la or_o common_a exchanger_n do_v use_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n for_o the_o lawful_a and_o current_a money_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a and_o be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o country_n and_o these_o exchanger_n do_v deliver_v in_o all_o country_n the_o money_n in_o one_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o money_n in_o other_o species_n by_o they_o receive_v as_o aforesaid_a exchange_n table_n of_o exchange_n whereupon_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n cause_v certain_a table_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n declare_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_v sundry_a species_n of_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n traffic_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o allowance_n which_o merchant_n be_v to_o give_v to_o have_v their_o turn_n serve_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o good_a law_n make_v in_o his_o time_n when_o there_o be_v money_n coin_a in_o diverse_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o not_o in_o one_o mint_n only_o within_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n from_o whence_o the_o ocean_n of_o money_n do_v run_v into_o christendom_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a table_n all_o be_v at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n and_o with_o a_o correspondence_n of_o other_o mint_n namely_o at_o canturburie_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n bristol_n and_o exeter_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n except_o that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n exchanger_n friscobaldi_n the_o exchanger_n newcastle_n and_o exeter_n who_o make_v the_o say_v exchange_n of_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o reasonable_a allowance_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v all_o the_o say_a mint_n set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v prevent_v for_o as_o bishop_n tursids_n book_n of_o arithmetic_n declare_v by_o give_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n there_o be_v no_o gain_n leave_v to_o the_o transporter_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v constitute_v these_o exchanger_n exchanger_n king_n exchanger_n even_o as_o the_o cambiadore_v and_o banker_n be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n be_v authorise_v by_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o say_a country_n especial_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n who_o have_v two_o exchanger_n the_o one_o call_v custos_fw-la cambij_fw-la infra_fw-la turrim_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n in_o buy_v of_o bullion_n and_o to_o look_v to_o the_o coinage_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n now_o call_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o other_o be_v call_v keeper_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v within_o or_o towards_o this_o realm_n for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v make_v without_o name_v the_o species_n but_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n real_a 2_o cambio_z real_a and_o this_o be_v call_v cambium_n regis_fw-la or_o royal_a exchange_n which_o cause_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o name_v the_o burse_n in_o london_n according_o this_o office_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edw._n by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v at_o acton_n burnel_n since_o which_o time_n the_o succeed_a king_n and_o queen_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o by_o sixteen_o several_a letter_n patent_n and_o whereas_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v two_o exchanger_n can_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n convenient_o be_v asunder_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o which_o both_o office_n be_v put_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o continue_v many_o year_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o discontinue_v exchange_n discontinue_v when_o he_o cause_v base_a money_n to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o boulogne_n whereupon_o no_o certain_a exchange_n can_v be_v ground_v albeit_o that_o before_o that_o time_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o graston_n the_o chronicle_n of_o graston_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a meaning_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v for_o in_o his_o noble_a father_n time_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o the_o banker_n have_v invent_v a_o course_n of_o

coin_n which_o be_v of_o late_a year_n establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o inhance_a of_o coin_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prevent_v the_o say_a incertainty_n of_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n if_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o say_a money_n be_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n alter_v much_o less_o will_v the_o advice_n give_v that_o merchant_n account_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v keep_v in_o liver_n and_o sou_n but_o in_o french_a crown_n to_o hinder_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n which_o in_o some_o country_n be_v secret_o practise_v to_o be_v do_v of_o mere_a policy_n when_o by_o public_a authority_n it_o be_v forbid_v and_o may_v be_v effect_v as_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n and_o other_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n where_o the_o money_n be_v not_o enhance_v between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o remain_v currant_n according_a to_o their_o price_n until_o the_o king_n authority_n do_v alter_v the_o valuation_n by_o proclamation_n albeit_o by_o exchange_n it_o be_v not_o so_o and_o therefore_o according_a to_o my_o three_o paradox_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o imaginary_a money_n in_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o substantial_a money_n in_o specie_fw-la paradox_n the_o three_o paradox_n for_o the_o merchant_n valuation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v over-rule_v the_o king_n valuation_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o when_o the_o king_n have_v value_v the_o shilling_n piece_n at_o twelve_o penny_n merchant_n undervalue_v the_o same_o in_o exchange_n at_o 11_o ½_n d_o and_z 11_o d_o not_o only_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n but_o also_o receive_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o enhanced_a money_n above_o their_o value_n and_o not_o value_v of_o they_o in_o exchange_n according_o as_o before_o have_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o imaginary_a coin_n or_o rather_o money_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v for_o so_o many_o several_a place_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o donfermel_v lord_n chancellor_n of_o scotland_n do_v propound_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n in_o the_o year_n 1610_o donfermel_v proposition_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o donfermel_v a_o certain_a proposition_n touch_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o gold_n his_o lordship_n be_v of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n in_o mint_n affair_n that_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o go_v never_o in_o england_n to_o use_v his_o own_o phrase_n all_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n above_o six_o shilling_n english_a money_n go_v now_o for_o seven_o shilling_n and_o three_o penny_n and_o that_o the_o english_a double_a sovereign_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n go_v in_o france_n for_o eleven_o francque_n or_o twenty_o two_o shilling_n and_o that_o both_o way_n there_o have_v be_v no_o alteration_n in_o the_o standard_n whereupon_o he_o do_v demand_v in_o write_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o say_a difference_n or_o alteration_n if_o this_o proceed_v say_v he_o from_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o gold_n that_o it_o be_v better_a in_o fineness_n and_o allay_n or_o in_o weight_n or_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o silver_n that_o it_o be_v worse_o than_o it_o be_v either_o in_o finesse_n &_o allay_n or_o in_o weight_n then_o be_v the_o cause_n intrinsic_a and_o substantial_a and_o may_v be_v easy_o consider_v and_o resolve_v if_o it_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o be_v entertain_v maintain_v and_o set_v forward_o or_o reject_v and_o stay_v from_o all_o further_a course_n if_o there_o be_v any_o other_o cause_n or_o reason_n it_o must_v of_o force_n be_v extrinsicke_a and_o accidental_a let_v the_o same_o be_v search_v out_o if_o it_o be_v good_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o estate_n weal_n and_o commodity_n it_o shall_v be_v assist_v and_o continue_v if_o it_o be_v try_v evil_a proceed_v from_o the_o policy_n and_o craft_n of_o tradesman_n tend_v only_o to_o private_a gain_n and_o commodity_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n to_o be_v gainestood_v and_o expel_v this_o proportion_n be_v send_v unto_o i_o by_o a_o great_a personage_n then_o in_o high_a place_n be_v make_v plain_a by_o demonstration_n to_o proceed_v of_o a_o accidental_a cause_n by_o advance_v the_o valuation_n of_o gold_n partly_o in_o england_n when_o crown_n gold_n be_v value_v from_o fifty_o five_o shilling_n the_o ounce_n to_o three_o pound_n and_o partly_o in_o france_n when_o they_o do_v advance_v the_o french_a crown_n in_o specie_fw-la five_o sou_n advise_v therewithal_o that_o to_o remedy_v the_o same_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v by_o inhaunce_v of_o our_o gold_n still_o more_o and_o more_o but_o in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n between_o france_n and_o we_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v underualue_n too_o much_o the_o silver_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o our_o exceed_a loss_n show_v withal_o how_o easy_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o alteration_n of_o the_o proportion_n observe_v between_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o most_o place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v approve_v and_o crown_n gold_n be_v more_o enhance_v to_o sixty_o six_o shilling_n the_o ounce_n by_o two_o several_a proclamation_n 1611._o november_n 1611._o which_o have_v prove_v the_o loss_n of_o our_o silver_n in_o bullion_n or_o weighty_a coin_n daily_a breed_n great_a inconvenience_n by_o the_o want_n of_o our_o money_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o undervaluation_n in_o exchange_n and_o not_o by_o undervaluation_n in_o specie_fw-la be_v continual_o export_v none_o import_v but_o divert_v by_o gain_n for_o other_o place_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v all_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o true_a judgement_n and_o experience_n in_o mint_n affair_n with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o say_v essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n so_o often_o mention_v whereof_o i_o hope_v that_o in_o general_a meeting_n for_o the_o public_a more_o regard_n will_v be_v have_v to_o the_o end_n it_o be_v not_o record_v of_o we_o as_o it_o have_v be_v of_o some_o parlement_n in_o france_n that_o in_o populi_fw-la republica_fw-la sententiae_fw-la numerantur_fw-la non_fw-la ponderantur_fw-la and_o then_o we_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o understand_v the_o par_fw-fr by_o right_a distinction_n between_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a 3._o p●ys_n 3._o lib._n ca._n 3._o aristotle_n say_v that_o action_n and_o passion_n be_v mere_o relative_n and_o that_o they_o differ_v no_o more_o than_o the_o way_n from_o thebes_n to_o athens_n and_o from_o athens_n to_o thebes_n let_v we_o discern_v therefore_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o the_o liver_n money_n minister_v spirit_n to_o the_o heart_n commodity_n and_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o brain_n exchange_n so_o do_v the_o brain_n exchange_n minister_v to_o the_o whole_a microcosm_n or_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o traffic_n let_v the_o heart_n therefore_o by_o the_o liver_n receive_v his_o tintured_a chylus_n by_o his_o own_o mouth_n and_o stomach_n and_o the_o blood_n full_a of_o spirit_n shall_v fill_v all_o the_o vein_n and_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o money_n the_o easy_a course_n and_o recourse_n of_o who_o exchange_n shall_v bring_v all_o thing_n in_o tune_n &_o serve_v all_o man_n turn_n for_o even_o as_o there_o be_v two_o course_n observe_v of_o the_o sun_n sun_n two_o course_n of_o exchange_n like_o the_o two_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o annual_a and_o the_o other_o by_o daily_a declination_n rise_v and_o go_v under_o within_o the_o aecliptique_a line_n even_o so_o must_v we_o observe_v in_o exchange_n two_o course_n the_o one_o according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n the_o other_o rise_v or_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o declare_v whereof_o the_o say_v aristotle_n seneca_n nor_o cicero_n nor_o any_o other_o philosopher_n or_o orator_n can_v take_v notice_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o trade_n exchange_v not_o be_v then_o invent_v neither_o do_v we_o find_v that_o any_o temporal_a or_o civil_a lawyer_n have_v enter_v into_o this_o important_a study_n for_o the_o welfare_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n hitherto_o to_o conclude_v therefore_o this_o paradoxical_a discourse_n i_o can_v omit_v to_o do_v the_o same_o with_o another_o paradox_n by_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o make_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n namely_o that_o a_o man_n may_v commix_v bullion_n to_o make_v a_o certain_a standard_n of_o money_n either_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n paradox_n a_o very_a strange_a paradox_n and_o after_o the_o commixture_n make_v shall_v alter_v the_o standard_n and_o make_v the_o same_o better_a or_o worse_o without_o put_v any_o allay_n or_o silver_n and_o gold_n unto_o it_o that_o be_v to_o say_v i_o will_v melt_v down_o eleven_o ounce_n and_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n both_o one_o pound_n troy_n

it_o can_v by_o art_n be_v extract_v and_o the_o body_n be_v as_o red_a earth_n can_v never_o be_v moult_a without_o the_o spirit_n be_v again_o add_v thereunto_o gold_n difference_n between_o natural_a and_o artificial_a gold_n as_o it_o be_v infuse_v life_n and_o last_o it_o be_v medicinable_a and_o make_v glad_a the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o artificial_a gold_n do_v not_o neither_o be_v it_o corrosive_n as_o this_o gold_n be_v so_o that_o a_o scratch_n of_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v heal_v but_o for_o our_o purpose_n of_o money_n be_v soft_a and_o only_o harden_v by_o the_o air_n deaf_a in_o sound_n and_o ponderous_a in_o weight_n it_o require_v to_o make_v crown_n gold_n fit_a for_o money_n and_o work_n to_o have_v some_o allay_n of_o silver_n and_o copper_n mix_v which_o be_v 1_o 12_o part_n howbeit_o that_o money_n be_v also_o make_v of_o fine_a gold_n wherein_o for_o observation_n sake_n we_o ascribe_v half_o a_o grain_n of_o allay_n in_o twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n it_o 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circumspect_o whereof_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n d●d_v spill_v more_o than_o the_o other_o according_a unto_o which_o by_o arithmetical_a proportion_n ground_v upon_o the_o geometrical_a observation_n he_o find_v out_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o quantity_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o two_o water_n and_o consequent_o how_o much_o silver_n there_o be_v put_v in_o in_o one_o of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o hue_n of_o gold_n which_o if_o they_o have_v be_v both_o falsify_v he_o can_v never_o have_v find_v it_o for_o the_o difference_n come_v to_o be_v know_v by_o the_o bulk_n or_o bigness_n which_o cause_v the_o more_o spill_v and_o the_o matter_n be_v visible_a in_o some_o measure_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o my_o instrument_n make_v for_o proportion_n copper_n proportion_n of_o volume_n 〈◊〉_d gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n that_o the_o difference_n in_o bulk_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v as_o five_o to_o nine_o and_o between_o silver_n and_o copper_n as_o eleven_o to_o thirteen_o that_o the_o body_n of_o copper_n be_v big_a than_o silver_n lead_v to_o silver_n as_o from_o fifteen_o to_o fourteen_o tin_n be_v light_a than_o silver_n and_o do_v differ_v from_o it_o as_o nine_o to_o thirteen_o and_o from_o the_o gold_n as_o seven_o to_o eighteen_o iron_n differ_v from_o silver_n as_o four_o to_o three_o and_o from_o the_o gold_n as_o six_o to_o nine_o the_o body_n of_o gold_n be_v lesser_a quicksilver_n come_v near_a and_o do_v differ_v as_o three_o to_o four_o but_o to_o resolve_v the_o question_n we_o must_v note_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o intention_n which_o be_v mere_a contrary_n for_o the_o one_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o spill_v and_o the_o other_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o spill_v whereas_o also_o between_o the_o operation_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n there_o may_v be_v a_o difference_n in_o this_o trial_n thus_o much_o concern_v the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o fine_a gold_n whereunto_o lead_n come_v near_a for_o ponderosity_n of_o weight_n bigness_n of_o volume_n and_o deafness_n of_o sound_n as_o fit_a for_o protection_n the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o silver_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o moon_n silver_n the_o quality_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a the_o sulphur_n of_o it_o white_a and_o corrupt_a and_o fall_v away_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o draw_v line_n upon_o a_o paper_n between_o the_o planet_n sol_fw-mi and_o luna_fw-la you_o have_v venus_n the_o planet_n of_o copper_n to_o allay_v the_o same_o although_o mercury_n be_v between_o they_o which_o be_v fix_v join_v with_o any_o mettle_n copper_n do_v harden_v the_o silver_n and_o yet_o as_o the_o weak_a of_o the_o two_o be_v soon_o corrupt_v and_o consume_v for_o it_o be_v in_o metal_n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n the_o weak_a go_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o alloy_n of_o copper_n be_v do_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o silver_n the_o first_o money_n silver_n sickle_n be_v half_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n or_o the_o sicle_n of_o the_o hebrew_n be_v pure_a silver_n weigh_v half_o a_o ounce_n which_o be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n and_o can_v proper_o be_v call_v money_n for_o there_o be_v no_o print_n upon_o it_o and_o be_v allay_v with_o copper_n it_o have_v a_o smell_n copper_n the_o quality_n of_o copper_n for_o the_o sulphur_n and_o antimony_n of_o copper_n be_v red_a and_o corrupt_a have_v a_o strong_a smell_n which_o may_v by_o heat_n it_o be_v soon_o discern_v by_o rub_v and_o howsoever_o there_o be_v many_o blancher_n for_o copper_n the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o in_o time_n will_v appear_v in_o his_o colour_n be_v not_o thorough_o fix_v the_o nature_n of_o copper_n be_v also_o cold_a and_o moist_a and_o be_v commix_v and_o augment_v with_o the_o calamine_n stone_n and_o lead_n make_v the_o yellow_a brass_n brass_n yellow_a brass_n and_o increase_v the_o volume_n from_o eleven_o to_o fifteen_o whereas_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o between_o silver_n and_o copper_n it_o be_v but_o eleven_o to_o thirteen_o which_o cause_v the_o counterfeiter_n to_o be_v encourage_v notwithstanding_o the_o smell_n and_o redness_n of_o the_o colour_n gold_n allay_v of_o gold_n therefore_o in_o the_o allay_n of_o crown_n gold_n the_o mint-master_n in_o france_n and_o england_n do_v take_v half_a silver_n and_o half_a copper_n which_o make_v the_o high_a colour_n of_o gold_n but_o in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n they_o take_v three_o part_n silver_n and_o one_o part_v copper_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o we_o and_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o our_o gold_n will_v soon_o wear_v away_o than_o they_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v the_o true_a derivation_n of_o money_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n pecunia_n of_o pecus_fw-la pecudis_fw-la not_o pecus_fw-la pecoris_fw-la for_o they_o coin_v first_o copper_n money_n and_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v the_o wealth_n of_o man_n consist_v most_o in_o cattle_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o job_n cause_v ox_n sheep_n and_o the_o like_a cattle_n to_o be_v stamp_v upon_o their_o coin_n of_o mere_a copper_n whereof_o their_o exchequer_n be_v call_v aerarium_fw-la copper_n proportion_n which_o be_v between_o silver_n and_o copper_n be_v then_o in_o great_a estimation_n for_o the_o proportion_n or_o value_n in_o the_o time_n of_o numa_n pompilius_n be_v ten_o of_o copper_n to_o one_o of_o silver_n and_o ten_o of_o silver_n to_o one_o of_o gold_n which_o now_o by_o the_o abundance_n of_o copper_n be_v much_o alter_v notwithstanding_o the_o copper_n money_n use_v in_o all_o country_n in_o some_o reasonable_a measure_n but_o in_o spain_n be_v as_o it_o be_v unto_o we_o the_o fountain_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n there_o it_o be_v use_v immoderate_o portugal_n copper_n money_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n for_o they_o have_v

lo_o tienen_fw-ge en_fw-fr sustansia_n tienen_fw-ge lo_o enel_n animo_fw-la all_o miner_n be_v rich_a for_o when_o they_o have_v it_o not_o in_o substance_n they_o have_v it_o in_o the_o mind_n the_o observation_n already_o note_v concern_v the_o run_a water_n about_o mine_n must_v not_o be_v forget_v the_o contract_n before_o mention_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n contract_n a_o profitable_a contract_n the_o mine_n to_o be_v wrought_v and_o the_o ore_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o part_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o the_o lessee_n to_o have_v one_o part_n of_o the_o ore_n shadder_v and_o wash_v ready_a to_o be_v melt_v and_o he_o to_o redeliver_v the_o same_o in_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o be_v pay_v for_o it_o every_o 3_o month_n pay_v for_o every_o load_n twenty_o shilling_n the_o workman_n in_o like_a manner_n to_o have_v another_o five_o part_n and_o to_o be_v pay_v according_o every_o week_n the_o other_o 35_o part_n to_o be_v for_o the_o undertaker_n and_o they_o to_o content_v the_o parson_n for_o his_o tithe_n by_o these_o mean_v a_o man_n be_v sure_a to_o have_v ware_n for_o his_o money_n and_o then_o to_o make_v furnace_n to_o melt_v 36_o or_o 40_o hundred_o at_o one_o time_n as_o have_v be_v touch_v for_o to_o enter_v into_o charge_n before_o you_o have_v good_a store_n of_o ore_n above_o ground_n be_v needless_a herein_o observe_v also_o to_o work_v from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o from_o west_n to_o east_n unless_o you_o find_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o mine_n to_o be_v such_o that_o be_v trouble_v with_o water_n you_o may_v make_v entrance_n in_o the_o low_a part_n thereof_o to_o avoid_v the_o same_o if_o your_o lead_n do_v contain_v silver_n although_o it_o be_v but_o a_o ounce_n in_o a_o hundred_o you_o may_v work_v it_o to_o benefit_n if_o you_o preserve_v your_o lead_n by_o make_v of_o a_o iron_n cap_n over_o your_o furnace_n to_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o down_o to_o receive_v the_o vapour_n of_o lead_n which_o fall_v down_o again_o whereby_o the_o loss_n of_o above_o 200_o will_v weight_n in_o one_o tun_n will_v decrease_v to_o 80_o will_v or_o thereabouts_o and_o if_o you_o have_v vent_n enough_o for_o the_o litargium_fw-la which_o be_v your_o lead_n lead_n litargium_fw-la of_o lead_n as_o it_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o foot-blast_n or_o otherwise_o be_v red_a to_o paint_v withal_o then_o may_v you_o make_v profitable_a work_n every_o way_n for_o copper_n observe_v your_o roast_n to_o purge_v your_o antimony_n and_o all_o other_o corruption_n let_v not_o the_o glister_a colour_n of_o marquisite_a deceive_v you_o it_o be_v but_o smoke_n and_o scurf_n and_o although_o antimony_n will_v be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o sol_n and_o contend_v with_o sulphur_n and_o mercury_n hold_v he_o for_o a_o bastard_n the_o thrift_n be_v in_o ponderous_a ore_n for_o copper_n and_o with_o a_o reasonable_a quantity_n you_o may_v try_v your_o work_n before_o you_o be_v at_o charge_n in_o land_v of_o your_o ore_n and_o to_o know_v how_o many_o fire_n will_v be_v requisite_a to_o make_v one_o ton_n of_o copper_n and_o then_o land_n great_a quantity_n of_o ore_n according_a to_o our_o former_a contract_n if_o you_o be_v not_o sure_a of_o it_o let_v other_o bear_v charge_n and_o labour_n with_o you_o and_o so_o shall_v you_o not_o overcharge_v the_o work_n but_o rather_o find_v mean_n to_o lessen_v your_o charge_n the_o lead_v mine_n in_o wales_n contain_v two_o or_o three_o ounce_n of_o silver_n mercury_n how_o to_o refine_v ●iluer_n by_o mercury_n may_v in_o my_o opinion_n be_v wrought_v to_o great_a profit_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o quicksilver_n be_v roast_v by_o reflection_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o grind_v to_o the_o furtherance_n whereof_o i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n of_o potosie_n i_o in_o the_o west-indies_n and_o as_o the_o portugal_n do_v the_o scottish_a ore_n he_o do_v take_v to_o one_o hundred_o of_o the_o mettle_n prepare_v between_o 12_o will_v and_o 15_o will_v of_o quicksilver_n with_o salt_n and_o vinegar_n and_o so_o sprinkle_v the_o say_a quicksilver_n through_o a_o linen_n cloth_n still_o use_v a_o reasonable_a quantity_n of_o salt_n which_o divide_v the_o lead_n from_o the_o silver_n and_o vinegar_n or_o strong_a water_n but_o that_o be_v costly_a he_o do_v leave_v these_o substance_n together_o 24_o or_o 25_o day_n every_o second_o day_n stir_v the_o same_o with_o a_o staff_n in_o which_o time_n or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o mineral_n the_o quicksilver_n do_v devour_v or_o eat_v up_o the_o silver_n and_o leave_v all_o the_o other_o commixture_n then_o by_o strain_v the_o say_a mass_n the_o quicksilver_n go_v thorough_a and_o there_o remain_v a_o paste_n in_o diverse_a ball_n call_v the_o almond_n paste_n earth_n to_o be_v do_v by_o retort_v of_o earth_n which_o by_o a_o limbeck_n receive_v fire_n cause_v the_o quicksilver_n to_o subleme_n and_o fall_v down_o by_o the_o neck_n into_o the_o water_n which_o be_v in_o the_o receiver_n stop_v close_o take_v his_o body_n again_o in_o the_o say_a water_n and_o the_o silver_n remain_v pure_a which_o common_o be_v not_o above_o one_o four_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o say_a paste_n your_o quicksilver_n serve_v again_o and_o there_o be_v not_o lose_v above_o six_o pound_n in_o the_o hundred_o of_o silver_n he_o say_v also_o that_o have_v once_o two_o or_o three_o month_n before_o hand_n the_o mineral_n thus_o prepare_v or_o decoct_v himself_o and_o four_o man_n can_v refine_v ten_o ton_n of_o it_o in_o a_o day_n which_o be_v admirable_a but_o these_o man_n be_v like_o traveller_n that_o sometime_o may_v speak_v a_o untruth_n cum_fw-la gratia_fw-la &_o privilegio_fw-la nevertheless_o consider_v that_o potosie_n silver_n my_o hold_v but_o 1_o 1_o ●_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v but_o 30_o ounce_n the_o ton_n which_o at_o 5_o ss_z be_v but_o 7_o will_v 10_o ss_z 0_o and_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o all_o charge_n deduct_v there_o will_v remain_v but_o little_a unless_o the_o quantity_n of_o ton_n to_o be_v do_v in_o a_o day_n shall_v countervail_v the_o same_o to_o provide_v yearly_a against_o the_o come_n of_o the_o fleet_n although_o as_o i_o have_v say_v many_o hand_n make_v light_a work_n and_o light_a gain_n and_o often_o do_v fill_v the_o purse_n and_o if_o the_o workman_n shall_v return_v one_o pound_n of_o silver_n for_o every_o pound_n of_o quicksilver_n there_o will_v be_v above_o ten_o for_o one_o and_o they_o to_o live_v by_o the_o overplus_n of_o it_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o of_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o from_o the_o transcendent_a contemplative_a study_n of_o philosopher_n of_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n to_o the_o essence_n of_o sulphur_n and_o mercury_n generate_v into_o oar_n of_o metal_n we_o have_v produce_v gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n to_o the_o mint_n to_o be_v convert_v into_o money_n to_o which_o purpose_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v the_o nature_n of_o they_o and_o by_o inversion_n coin_n first_o copper_n than_o silver_n and_o so_o come_v to_o gold_n according_a to_o the_o begin_n of_o coin_n make_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n notwithstanding_o stand_v that_o at_o our_o come_n to_o the_o mint_n we_o see_v nothing_o but_o gold_n coin_a whereupon_o we_o do_v remember_v the_o verse_n which_o be_v make_v at_o their_o first_o coin_v of_o gold_n aera_fw-la dabunt_fw-la olim_fw-la melius_fw-la nunc_fw-la omen_fw-la in_o auro_fw-la est_fw-la victaque_fw-la concessit_fw-la prisca_fw-la moneta_n nobis_fw-la such_o be_v the_o quality_n of_o fine_a gold_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equal_a proportion_n of_o the_o four_o element_n therein_o gold_n the_o quality_n of_o gold_n that_o none_o be_v predominant_a over_o the_o other_o that_o the_o fire_n do_v not_o consume_v it_o be_v also_o hot_a and_o dry_a of_o nature_n neither_o be_v it_o subject_a to_o any_o other_o element_n for_o there_o be_v no_o rust_n or_o scurf_n that_o do_v diminish_v the_o goodness_n or_o waste_v the_o substance_n it_o do_v abide_v the_o fret_a and_o liquor_n of_o salt_n and_o vinegar_n without_o damage_n which_o wear_v any_o other_o thing_n it_o need_v no_o fire_n to_o be_v make_v gold_n as_o other_o metal_n do_v for_o it_o be_v gold_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v find_v it_o draw_v without_o wool_n as_o it_o be_v wool_n it_o be_v easy_o spread_v in_o leaf_n of_o marvelous_a thinness_n you_o may_v adorn_v or_o guild_v any_o other_o mettle_n with_o it_o it_o be_v not_o inferior_a for_o make_v of_o any_o vessel_n in_o colour_n it_o resemble_v the_o celestial_a body_n it_o defile_v not_o the_o thing_n it_o touch_v as_o silver_n and_o other_o metal_n it_o be_v not_o stink_v in_o smell_n the_o spirit_n of_o