liver Purpie cooleth much quencheth thirst holdeth downe Venus tempereth the teeth being out of stile by the vse of soure things Kaill ingendereth evill blood troubleth the stomack and the sight and moveth strange dreames Spinards â—ouseth the belly and moisteth the body but they are windie Bourrage and buglosse purifieth the blood and keepeth the belly open their â—â—owrs are good in a sallad for to refresh the spirits and rejoyce the heart Artichocks heateth the blood and provoketh Venus to battell they are good for the stomack and giveth appetite Cresson is of qualitie hote and dry provoketh vrine and is eaten ordinarly raw in sallads Menth fortifieth the stomack and helpeth the appetite Cerefole and Finkle is good for the sight augmenteth the seede and ingendereth milk to Nurses Parsley is agreeable to the stomack and profitable to the neares because it is diuretick Sauge helpeth appetite and digesteth crudities out of the stomack Hysope purgeth the lights from the flegme by the subtilitie of it thyme doth the same Rayfords taken after meate helpeth digestion but before meate they lift vp the meate in the stomack Neeps are windie of little nurishment and engendreth wormes in little bairnes little are better than the great they should bee eaten with pepper Carrets are worse than they Sybouse Onyons Leeks are agreable to pituitous and flegmatick persons but noysome to cholerians and to these who are subject to a sore head But I think wee haue eaten long enengh without a drink let vs now goe to it Of drinke in generall Drink as I think and so thinks the drunkard is no lesse worthie of consideration for the health than meate There bee sundrie sorts of drinke vsed among vs. as wine ale and beere for no man drinketh water with his will Drinke should bee answerable in proportion to our meate for if wee drinke more than serves to syne downe the meat and mixe it there downe the meat will swimme aboue and so shall not digest drink may bee taken more larglie with dry solide meat than with liquid humide They who haue a hote liver and a weake head subject to distillations should abstaine from strong drinke chiefly after their meat but these whose liver is temperate and head strong may take a lick of the best quale Deus creavit after their fruite quia post crudum merum It is not good to drink with a naked stomack for presently it runneth through the body to the nerues whom it debilitateth and maketh the body the more subject to cold diseases as the goute paralyse trembling and such like It is also troublesome to the digestion to drinke betweene mealles for it hindereth the same as water in a pot stayeth the boyling of it because while the concoction is making in the stomack the mouth of it is closed hence is it that men much subject to companionry and so to extraordinary drinking findeth their meate still rowing vp and downe some for their ease are forced to cast it It is not good to drink when bed-time draweth neere for readily it moveth the theume to fall downe except it were of water after too much wine eiat supper or before and that to hinder distillations It followeth to speake in particulare of drink and first of wine as best Of Wine Wine is verie profitable for the vse of man it stirreth vp the naturall heate and fortifyeth it and so procureth the appetite helpeth the digestion ingenders good blood purifies the troubled openeth the passages giues good colour cleanseth the braine sharpeneth the witte makes the spirits subtile and rejoyceth the heart of man as sayeth the Psalmist if so be it be taken moderatly Wine is of fiue fold difference the first is taken from the colour so it is either whyte or red yallow or tannie and black the second from the taste as it is either sweet sowre or of any austere taste the third of the smell being of a sweet heavie or no smell the fourth from the consistance being either subtile or grosse the fifth from the age as it is old or new Of all wine the red and thicke wine is meetest for the ingendring of blood next blackish grosse and sweet wine to them succeeds whyte and thick or grosse wine in substance and austere in taste last of all whyte thin small wine Wine as it is agreeable to phlegmaticks so it is hurtfull to bilious hote natures over old and too new wine should be eshewed the one because too hote the other because no heate at all The second drink is beere which as it nourisheth more so is of a grosser substance and harder digestion than the wine if it bee but new made or troubled it causeth obstructions and swellings it troubleth the head moveth the colick gravell and difficultie of pissing specially if it bee byting if it bee too old and very sharpe it hurts the stomack and nerves and ingenders evill blood wherefore it is best that is well sodden purified and cleare and of a middle age Of Water Although that water bee the most simple sorte of drink and the most common yet because of least worth it is put behinde Galen proues good water by three senses by the sight being cleare and cleane by the mouth that hath no strange taste and so not bitter nor sowre nor salt but almost without taste by the nose that it hath no smell adding thereto that it must be light in the bellie suddainly changed that is soone hote soone cold and that it doth not passe through sulphureous mynes or suchlyke There bee fiue sorts of water to wit of raine fountaine river well and stank Raine water although according to the weight it bee lightest yet it is not the best being made of the vapours which doeth proceed from the earth whereof some be of the rivers others of loches stanks gutters standing waters and of the sea as also of the exhalations of pestilent places and of dead bodies Fountaine water is best of all next river water last Well water the worst of all is stank water river water is the better it stand till it settle fountaine water the better it looke to the East and Well water that the Well bee not too often covered but that it get the aire sometimes Canon 6. After meate abstaine from all vehement motion or exercise all curious disputs or carefull meditations discoursing of some good purpose procuring laughter joy and mirth whereby the spirit may be revived and the digestion helped If the great men of the country knew what good these sort of discourses did for the health of the body and the recreating of the spirit they would with greater avidity drink in in their young and tender yeares letters for the better fashioning of their manners and forming of their minde And also cary a greater respect to Schollers then they doe and not studie only to be well versed in Arcadia for the intertaining of Ladies or in the rowting of the tolbuith for commoning with Lawers
humours our blood and our members for by that it furnisheth matter and nouriture to our spirits it passeth so quickly through the body that it printeth presently the qualities wherewith it is indued in the parts of the same and therefore there is nothing able to change more shortly the body than it so that from the constitution of the aire the good or evill disposition of the spirits humors and members almost doe depend we should therefore haue a speciall respect of the same For to vnderstand the goodnesse of the aire wee would not only consider the first qualities of it whereof two are actiue to wit heate and cold and two passiue humiditie and drynesse but also the second qualities taken from the substance as grosse or subtile pure or mistie cleare or dark wee may adde to these the qualities that flow from the state of it as constancie and mutabilitie equalitie and inequalitie A good air then hath no excesse in the qualities that is neither too hote nor cold moist nor dry if it exceede this measure it is better to decline to drouth than to waknesse for drouth is still more wholesome than raine It is also of a mediocre substance betweene grosse and subtile being pure and neate cleare and light constant and equall such an aire reviues the spirits purifieth the blood procureth appetite helpeth the digestion banisheth the excrements foorth of the body in good tyme coloureth the face rejoyceth the heart quickneth the senses sharpneth the wit and fortifieth the members so that all the actions of the body animals vitals and naturals are made better by it A suddaine change in the aire is evill but especially if it changeth from great humiditie and waknesse to great heate or cold for the raine having filled the body with humores the following heate doth putrifie them or the cold hindring their exhalation doth procure their corruption A contaminate aire with filthy exhalations arysing from standing waters dead carcases middings gutters closets and the filth of the streets all which if any where are to bee found heere which argueth a great oversight of the magistrats bringeth a great hurt to the inhabitants and a great good to the Physitians Apothecaries and bel-man corrupteth the spirits and humors and engedereth often a deadly contagion or pest High places as hilles are fittest for the morning-walke because the sun beating on them first doth dry vp the vapours thereof but low wallyes in midowes and about fountaines are most proper for the evening If Gallants the health and well-fare of your body and the care of the felicitie eternall of your soule doth not worke in thee a detest irreconcilable of drinking this tyme which would be spent in wholesome walkes and holy conferences let shame deterre you For what I pray you is a drunken man hee is one that hath let goe himselfe from the hold and stay of reason and lyeth open to the mercie of all tentations no lust but finds him disarmed and fencelesse and with the least assault entereth every man seeth him as Cham saw his father the first of this sinne an vncovered man and though his garment bee on yet hee is vncovered the secreetest partes of his soule lying in the nakedest manner visible all his passions come out all his vanities and these shamefuller humours which discretion clotheth his body becommeth at last like a myrie way where the spirits are clogged and can not passe hee is a blind man with eyes and creeple with legges Tobacco serues to aire him after a washing and is his only breath in a word hee is a man to morrow-morning but is now what yee will make him And should our gallants bee drunke the chiefe burthen of whose braine is the carriage of their body and setting of their face in a good frame which they performe the better because they are not distracted with other meditations whose outside when yee haue seene you haue looked through them yet they are something more than the shape of a man for they haue length bredth and colour their pick-tooth beareth a great part of their discourse so doth their body the vpper parts whereof are as starcht as their linnen they are never serious but with the Tayler when they are in conspiracie for the next device they are furnished with jests as some wanderer with sermons some three for all congregations one especially against the Scholler whom these ignorant ruffians know by no other definition but sillie fellow in black they haue stayed in the world as cyphers to fill vp the number and when they are gone there lacketh none and there is an end Canon 10. When the stomack is lightned of the burden of meate about three or foure houres after supper goe to rest and sleepe and because a great part of our life is spended in sleeping and lying wee shall make a little digression for its cause Of Sleepe Sleepe giveth rest to the facultie animall and vigour to the naturall for when the spirits animales are dissipate by labour then sleepe seaseth on vs through the meanes of the naturall heate which in the digestion of the meate sends vp vapours to the head the which being condensed and turned in a grosser substance by the coldnesse of the braine doth stoppe incontinent the passages of the spirits whereby the body is moved Sleepe ought to be quyet profound and of moderate length for sleepe troubled with dreames or so light that little sturre doth awake or hinder it is not good long sleepe is worst of all for it hindereth the evacuation of the excrements gathereth abundance of superfluities maketh the head and the whole body heavie and drowsie the spirits dull senses stupide and the members lazie Sleepe should bee continued while the digestion bee absolved which in some is sooner in others latter neverthelesse it is commonly ended in six seven or eight houres when the digestion is perfite then the belly doth the duetie the water is golden coloured the stomack is not bended with wind nor troubled with evill smelling rifts the body is nimble and quicke Choleriks should sleepe more than phlegmaticks that their body by sleepe may be made moist bairnes and old men theu young men or of middle age the one to hinder thee to fast dissipation of their fluxile and humide body through the open pores the other for the helping of his digestion after great varietie and much meate sleepe should be longer than at other tymes as also after heavie labour and long travell In your lying the head shoulders and the vpper part of the body should bee higher than the rest that the meate regorge not to the mouth of the stomack It is not good to ly on the back for by that posture the neires are made too apte to the making of gravell or stones the veine caue and the great arterie which doe leane on the loines made warme sends vp many vapors to the head and the excrements of the head that should bee evacuate by the
in their affections impatient soone angrie and soone pleased ingenious in invention but proude bold impudent vanters scorners crastie vindictiues quarrelous rash and vndescreete vnfit to beare charge eithe in state or warre as vnable to indure heate hunger travell watching and other incommodities of warre their sleepe is short and troubled They should keepe themselues out of the sunne in an aire cold and humide vsing cold refreshing meates as by the forenamed herbs fruites cold or sodden barly prunes melons cucumbers and to sause their meat either boyld or rosted with â—he juce of grenads oranges and cytrons â—r verjus they ought to eate much and â—ften to vse little wine moderate exerâ—ise eshewing the excesse of Venus anger â—r wrath and all deepe meditation Of Melancholicks The predominant humours in the body giveth still the name to the complexion â—o they in whom through their cold and dry temperature melancholie aboundeth are called melancholicks such are of a body cold dry rude without haire having straite veines and arteres the colour is browne or blackish the countenance sad or trist Among all the complexions that are intemperate there is none to be preferred to the melancholick provyding it conteine it selfe within the tearmes of health for of all men the melancholicks are fittest to carrie charge the sanguineans are given to their pleasure The bilious having their head full of quick silver they lack judgement and deliberation The pituitous are so lumpish that they care for nothing but to haue their back at the fire and the bellie at the table so melancholicks are of all most fit First because they doe their bussinesse with due deliberation Secondly because they are quyet and not babblers or talkatiues doing their affaires without dinne 3. because solitarie and retired so that their spirits not being distracted they may thinke on their affaires the better taking greater pleasure in the profound meditation of serious businesse than in idle toyes 4. Because they seeme sad in companie not taking pleasure in gaming laughing fooling or in idle spending of the time and yet they liue verie contented when they are where they may recreat their spirits not having any thing affords them greater contentment than to moderate their meditations and to be imployed in serious matters it is agreable to all men in authoritie to haue a graue countenance and somewhat severe 5. Because they are fearefull when they see any danger not willing rashlie either to hazard their lyfe honour or estate so they interprise nothing lightly 6. Because constant in their opinions words and deads for having past any thing thorow the alembick of reason they cannot bee brangled 7. Because slow to wrath as also to be appeased except it be those who hath beene first bilious and now are melancholicks they will haue some shorte fittes smelling of their former disposition 8. Because they are commonlie good husbands and doth not spend their goods idlely 9. Because they are couragious respecting their honour aboue all things They should flee the aire that is grosse and thick choising the subtile and cleare shunning also meates that are viscuous windie grosse melancholick and of hard digestion choosing the flesh of Veilles muttons kiddes capons partridges and of young beastes rejecting the old vsing boylled meate often with burrage buglosse endiue cichorie but no cabbage beattes neippes oynions sybouse and no bitter or sharpe byting herbs as also no beanes and pease their drink should bee white wine or cleare fyne beare moderat exercise and pleasant games long watching is noysome sound sleeping wholesome their belly still should bee keeped open Of Flegmaticks Flegmaticks are of colour white or grayish their face bowden or swelled in some kynd the body growne soft cold to the touch without haire the veines and arteres straite the haire white the spirit lumpish and stupide so they are slowe sweere heavy cowards sluggish sleepie subject to destillations vomiting or spiting of flegme colick hydropsie and other sicknesse proceeding from flegme They must make choyse of hote dry things which may correct their intemperate complexion as the aire hote and dry such lyke meats of the same qualities their bread of good flower well hardned mixed with a little salt and annise their flesh rather rost than boyld being of easie digestion and few excrements as capons pigeons partridgs young conies and kiddes and birdes of the field fleeing these of the river as also swyne flesh lambe flesh and Veilles with all boyld meate all fish all sort of milk Herbs hote as sauge menth marjoline hysope thym rosmarie and the like are to bee vsed but cold as lattuces and pourpie to bee refused they should combe well their head in the morning rubbing it with their necke striving to purge the head of a 〈…〉 the excrements too long sleepe is naughâ— for them and alwayes while they sleepe looke they keepe the head and feet warme The change of dyet according to the age It is a thing most sure that although man should doe all that is required for the keeping of his temperament naturall yet hee cannot stay alwayes in one estate without alteration hee is first by nature hote and humide yet with tyme the heate and naturall moyst is so diminished that in end hee becommeth cold and dry so that by processe of tyme the body of it selfe doth change The Physitians looking to the most sensible changes hath divided the lyfe of man in fiue parts infancie bairnly age youth middle age and olde age The infancie is hote and humide of complexion but the humiditie surpasseth the heate and keepeth it so in subjection that it can not kyth it continueth from the birth to the fourteenth yeere Bairnely age or adolescencie is also hote and humide but the heate in it beginneth to appeare so the voice in male children becommeth austere and grosser all the passages of the body are inlarged in women the pappes hardneth and groweth greater and they begin to haue their naturall flowrs It is from 14 to 25 which is the terme and end of grouth Youth is hote and dry full of fire agilitie and force it is the flower of the age and is from 25 to 35 in it cholere or bile doth reigne as in the former blood Midde age followeth which keeping the middes betweene the extremities is the most temperate of all in it the force beginneth to declyne but it is recompensed by the gifts of the mynde which are in greater measure than before as discretion wisedome and judgement lasting from 35 to 49 And old age beginning there containeth all the rest of the life vntill the end It is the most cold and dry tyme of the life by reason of the destruction of the naturall moist by the inbred heate abounding neverthelesse in humide pituitous excrements hence their eyes are still watring their nose dripping and their mouth being full of water they are still spitting The division of ages must not alwayes bee taken from the tyme for some sooner
others latter according to their complexion runneth thorow all these spaces so the sangineans beare their age better than the rest who become sooner old Seing then the body doth change the temper according to the course of the yeares It is needfull to diversifie the dyet and because I am to speake of infancie heereafter passing it I will first treate of the bairnly age Of bairnly age Bairnes are of a very good temperature hence it is that they agree better with the spring than any other season because of the temperate air as also with temperate meates and seeing their body by the softnesse and raritie of it is much subject to dissolution they haue neede of much foode otherwise their bodies in place of growing shall decrease and diminish as witnesseth Hipp. they should not sleepe so much as infants but being stronger they ought to vse exercise more than they this is the tyme wherein they should bee instructed both in liberall and mechanick artes that thereby both the body and mynd being coupled Cupids darts get no entrie for they should flee all violent exercise and Venus games because they hinder the grouth of the body and being subject to bleeding they ought to eshew everie excesse whereby the body is made hote stryving to keepe a mediocrisie in all things This is evill keeped by these who pamper their bairnes bellye with spiceries and strong drink which so dryeth that some of them can never bee quenched Of Youth Young men being of complexion hote and dry should vse a dyet cold and moist for this cause wee see they are most wholesome in the winter because it is contrare to their bilious temper they should shun all heate either in the air or meate as garlick oynions mustard pepper ginger and all other suchlike also all strong drink as wine aquavitie rosa solis and the like or violent exercises because they procure a fever sorenesse of the head and troubleth the spirit in this age men are meetest for any charge in publick or warfare This is the tyme most proper for marriage for bairnes procreate of bairnes or old men are commonly infirme either of body or of mynde but begotten in the flower of the age when the body and spirit are at the best are found to bee most able for any businesse for Venus if it be moderate doth not hurte theÌ„ as other ages by reason of the force of their members yea they are by it made more gallant and lustie Of middle age Men of middle age ought to keepe a more temperate dyet than the former not declining so much to cooling things because the heate of youth is past so a temperate aire temperate meate taken in lesse quantitie than before because the body hath left growing also moderate in exercise imploying better the spirit than body flying all griefe and sadnesse because that age is most subject to melancholy they fall readily in agues phrenesies pripnenmonies pleurisies cholere dysenterie and other such like diseases bilious through abundance of bile gathered in the youth and according as their naturall force diminisheth and old age approacheth they beginne to find a shortnesse in the breath to presse them for the preveening of these they should keepe a mediocrisie in their dyet betweene youth and age Of old age Old men should striue to correct their cold and dry complexion by hote and humide dyet and therefore flying all coldnesse in the aire keeping them by a fire-side hote meates of good and easie digestion are best as capons hennes pigeons partridges veill and muttoun soft new laide egges and such like cheere fishes are not for them spices as ginger cannell mustard should bee much vsed by them they must beware of overcharging their stomack with much meate for they may readily by this meanes chock their naturall heate being now but small it is better to eate often and little especially they who are decreeped for they are like lampes in the which the light is almost extinguished which must be interteined by a gentle effusion of oyle because much at once will suffocate it and too long with-holding will procure the evanishing of it strong wine rather old than new is fittest for such and therefore it is called their milk it is granted to them to sleepe alittle after meate chiefly in the sommer because they are commonly troubled with night-watching by reason of some byting vapours arysing from one abundance of a salt flegme in them they should keepe themselues free of all the violent passions of the mynde chiefly of chagrin and melancholy living joyfull and mirry rejoycing all their senses with pleasant objects their eyes with the varietie of pleasant flowers and diverse colours carying still some pretious jewels in their ringes and among others the saphere the emrode because the greene or violat doth conserue the sight best of any Their eare with the musicke of voyces and instruments intertaining them also with pleasant discourses flattering them in all and contradicting in nothing the smell with muskue sweete waters and muske bals and the taste with some daintie dishes But this too curious caring for a Carion will seeme tedious to the view and troublesome to the eare of our young wenches who looking to the Mammon rather than the Man and the wealthie estate more then healthfull body hath tyed themselues to bee helpers and vpholders of the chivering and shaking bones of an old man but pleasantlie pulling them downe the poore man consenting yea assisting to his fall these wagges hungrie for young fresh meate longe to laufe vnder a mourning weede in beholding the piafing cariage and hearing the intysing yea rather ravishing discourse of a young Bravado of whose words they reape greater contentment than ever they did of the old mans deeds A just reward for dotting Loue. Of the seasons As the vicissitude of the night and the day proceeds from the motion of the Sunne from the East to the West in 24. houres space even so the change of the seasons commeth from his course from the West to the East about the twelue signs of the Zodiack making thereby the dayes longer or shorter By this approaching or retiring of himselfe in his comming and going the Air receiueth many divers alterations being subject to receaue the impressions and influences of the heavenly bodies for the Sunne heateth and dryeth by his heate the Moone in the contrare cooleth and humecteth or maketh moist so when the day is long the Air is hote and dry and when it is short it is cold and moistie but when they are of equall length the Air is temperate by the equall force of both alike communicate to it The Ancients from the course of the Sunne in the Zodiack did remarke soure speciall changes in the Air which are made by the qualitie inequalitie of the nights â—nd dayes therefore they haue divided â—he yeare in foure seasons The Spring the Summer the Harvest and Winter the which are divyded by two equinoxes the