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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11516	The historie of the Councel of Trent Conteining eight bookes. In which (besides the ordinarie actes of the Councell) are declared many notable occurrences, which happened in Christendome, during the space of fourtie yeeres and more. And, particularly, the practises of the Court of Rome, to hinder the reformation of their errors, and to maintaine their greatnesse. Written in Italian by Pietro Soaue Polano, and faithfully translated into English by Nathanael Brent.; Historia del Concilio tridentino. English	Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.; Brent, Nathaniel, Sir, 1573?-1652.	1629 (1629)	STC 21762; ESTC S116697	1,096,909	905

prudence and wisedome hath compassion and yeeldeth to euery one They said they saw no considerable reason adduced by the others but onely that the Lutherans would say that they had prooued that the Church hath erred and would make other demands But hee is deceiued who beleeueth that a Negatiue will make them hold their peace They haue sayd already that an error hath beene committed they will say hereafter that obstinacie is added to it and where humane ordinations onely are in question and alteration will not seeme strange nor misbeseeme the Church Who knoweth not that the same thing cannot agree to all times that there are innumerable Ecclesiasticall rites established and abolished and that it is not against the honor of the Councell to haue beleeued that a rite hath beenegood which experience hath shewed to be vnprofitable To perswade ones selfe that this demand will beget others argueth too much suspicion and desire of aduantage but S. Paul saith that simplicitie and christian charitie doth not thinke euill beleeueth euery thing supporteth all hopeth well It belonged to these onely to speake of the first Article because those of the absolute negatiue had nothing to say of it But these were diuided into two opinions One which was the more common that it should be graunted vpon such conditions as Paul the third did grant it of which wee haue spoken in their place The other of some few that if they would graunt the Cup to make them stand fast in the Church who now doe stumble it is meet so to temper it as that it may produce the effect desired which those conditions cannot doe yea would vndoubtedly make them fall headlong into Lutheranisme It is certaine that the penitent man ought rather to choose any temporall euill then to sinne yet Caietan gaue counsell not to come to any specificall comparison and say that it is better to bee put to death with pincers or vpon the wheele c. because by this meanes one should tempt himselfe without necessitie and fall from a good disposition presenting horrours to himselfe to no purpose So in the present occasion these ambiguous men when the Councels fauor shall bee brought vnto them will rest satified and thanke GOD and the Church and will thinke no more of it strengthening themselues by little and little It is the precise commandement of S. Paul to receiue the weake in faith not with disputations or prescribing them opinions rules but simply expecting opportunitie to giue a more ample instruction Hee that should now propose a condition in Germanie to beleeue this or that would trouble them much while their mindes doe wauer so that thinking whether they ought to beleeue it or not they will fall into some errour on which they world not otherwise haue thought To this reason they added that howsoeuer it is maintained that the Church hath for iust causes taken away the Cup if afterwards it doeth grant it vpon other conditions without prouiding against those inconueniences for which it was first remooued it is confessed that it was taken away without cause Therefore they concluded that it was fit to constitute for conditions all the remedies to the inconueniences which first caused the prohibition that is that the Cup should neuer be carried out of the Church and that the bread onely should be sufficient for the sicke that it should not bee kept to take away the danger of sowernesse that they should vselittle pipes to auoid effusion as formerly was done in the Romane Church This being done it will appeare that the prouision was first made vpon good reason reuerence will be stirred vp people and Princes will be satisfied and the weake will be tempted no more A Spaniard said that it was not so easily to be beleeued that the Catholiques did with such heat of deuotion desire the Cup and therefore that it were good to send into Germanie to be informed who they be that demand it what their faith is and what be their motiues that the Synod receiuing the relation may haue a foundation to proceed on and not ground an selfe vpon the words of other In the sixt Article they al expressed themselues in few words because there was not much to be said For the Eucharist not being a Sacrament necessarily and Saint Paul commanding that he who is to receiue it should examine himselfe whether he bee worthy it doeth plainely appeare that it cannot be administred to any that hath not the vse of reason and if the contrary hath beene practised in ancient times it hath beene where and when the trueth was not so well declared as now it is Therefore the Synod ought to determine that the present vse should bee maintained Some well obserued that they ought to speake of Antiquitie with more reuerence and not say that they wanted the knowledge of the Trueth Desiderius a Carmelite Friar of Palermo had an opinion by himselfe that the Article ought to be omitted saying that the difficultie being not mooued by the Protestants of these times it was not good by handling of it to set a nouitie on foot that the matter was probable on both sides and that when it should be knowen that it was handled in the Councel it would excite the curiositie of many to thinke on it giue them occasion to stumble For some might be persuaded to beleeue that the Eucharist is a Sacrament of necessitie as well as Baptisme because the ground of that are the words of CHRIST He that shall not be borne againe of water and the Spirit shall not enter into the Kingdom of heauen and of this If ye eate not my flesh and drinke my blood yee shall not haue life And the exception of children cannot plainely be grounded vpon the precept of S. Paul to examine our selues which children cannot doe because the Scripture doth likewise command that an instruction in the doctrine of Faith ought to precede Baptisme which if it be applyed to men of age without excluding children of baptisme who cannot learne the examination preceding the Eucharist may also be applyed to men of discretion without excluding children from it His conclusion was that hee did approoue the vse not to giue them the communion but would not haue the Councell to handle that which no man opposeth The congregations of the Diuines being ended the Legats did incline to The Legats doe incline to graunt the Cup to Germany grant the Cup to Germanie with the conditions of Paul the third and some more and consulting with their inward friends framed decrees concerning the first fourth and fifth points deferring the others vntill they had better considered how to auoid the difficulties concerning them related by the Diuines And calling a congregation of the Prelates they demaunded whether the three decrees should be proposed that they might speake their opinions of them in the first congregation Granata who had found the Legats intention and was most opposite to the grant of the

quite altered in diuers Kingdomes and Countreys of Christendome the Grandies sometimes diuided and armed one against another sometimes ioyned in confederations and leagues the Ecclesiastikes oppressed the Protestants persecuted the Bishops of Rome as it were acting their parts and most liuely deciphered in their naturall colours If learning will content thee marke the disputations of the Theologues and the deepe discourses of the Author himselfe If policie will please thee thou shalt finde it in the consultations and treaties of Princes managed with admirable dexterity by their Ambassadors and Ministers and generally no delight will bee wanting to thee which thy curiositie can desire or any other Historie affoord But consider aboue all in what a strange manner the Conciliarie Acts of this assembly in Trent were caried By reading of those few words of thy Countrey-man Edmond Campian below in this page thou maist perceiue in what repute the Papalins doe hold it and after when thou hast read the Booke thou wilt know how much it is ouer-valued Compare thy iudicious censure with his that is partiall and thou shalt finde them to agree as white with blackenesse darkenesse with light Farewell Verba Edmundi Campiani ratione quarta reddita Academicis TRidentina Synodus quo magis inueterascet eò magis indies ebque perennius efflorescet Bone Deus quae gentium varietas qui delectus Episcoporum totius orbis qui regum rerumpublicarum splendor quae medulla Theologorum quae sanctitas quae lachrymae quae ieiunia qui flores Academici quae linguae quanta subtilitas quantus labor quam infinita lectio quanta virtutum studiorum diuitiae augustum illud Sacrarium impleuerunt The words of Edmond Campian in his fourth reason giuen to the Vniuersities THe Synod of Trent the older it waxeth the more it will flourish Good God what varietie of Nations what choice of Bishops of the whole world what splendor of Kings and Common-wealths what marrow of Theologues what sanctitie what weepings what fasts what Academicall flowres what languages what subtilties what labour what infinite reading what riches of vertues and studies did fill vp that Maiesticall sacred place TO THE MOST REVEREND FATHER IN GOD MY SINGVLAR GOOD LORD THE LORD Archbishop of Canterburie his GRACE Primate of all ENGLAND and Metropolitane and one of His MAIESTIES most Honourable Priuie Councell MOst Reuerend in Christ It may seeme strange and I am sure it is without example that of one Councell onely so large an Historie should be written and so full of all varietie of matter For in those of former ages in which the Holy Ghost did really and effectually assist the Fathers howsoeuer more Prelates and Diuines were assembled from places more remote and the actions guided by the greatest Princes of all those times yet nothing was attempted to encrease or maintaine the Heresies and abuses that raigned then nor was any thing remarkeable but the very Doctrines and Decrees themselues But after that the Bishops of Rome scorning to be Ministers and Seruants made themselues Masters and Monarkes of the Church of God the practises and inuentions of worldly men chased away the heauenly inspirations of the blessed Spirit and greater confusions and troubles did arise in handling Diuine Mysteries then did happen at any other time in negotiating the affaires of Kingdomes and of Common-wealths This hath ministred a whole Ocean of occurrences and affoorded a most copious Subiect to this present Treatise And so irresistable is the force of Truth and the Diuine Prouidence so great that howsoeuer the Romanists haue vsed all possible diligence to hinder the finding out of their vnlawfull proceedings in this Councell by suppressing all publique writings and monuments by which their treacheries and abuses might bee discouered more plainely to the eyes of the world the writer of this Historie a man of admirable learning exquisite iudgement indefatigable industrie and integritie scarcely to be matched hath been raised vp by God who out of the Diaries Memorials Registers and other writings made and preserued by the Prelates and Diuines themselues and by the Ambassadours of Princes and Republiques who were assistants herein which are the most infallible grounds that any writer can haue hath reuealed an infinite of intolerable abuses and as the prouerbe saith Cornicum oculos confixit This Booke I haue translated out of Italian into our vulgar language presuming to commend it to the royall protection of his sacred Maiestie for whose sake as some reasons induce me to beleeue it was principally composed And because I vndertooke this worke at your Graces command who haue beene the chiefest cause why the originall crossed the Seas before the iust natiuitie of it and saw the first light within his Maiesties dominions as also in regard of the high place you most deseruedly beare in the Church of God I thought it my dutie to craue your fauour likewise that as the birth of it hath beene happie by your Graces meanes so the growth may accordingly proceed and the fruit of both which is to remooue an erronious opinion of the infallibilitie of this pretended Councell may constantly endure vntill the worlds end In publishing heereof if my Pen hath not merited such praise as others might yet my desire to benefit Gods Church hath not beene wanting and my zeale to serue your Grace in whatsoeuer I am able shall neuer yeeld to any Vnto whom I wish for the publike benefit of Church and Common-wealth and for your owne particular contentment a perfect accomplishment of all your pious and honorable designes Your Grace's most obliged to doe you seruice NATHANAEL BRENT THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE HISTORY OF THE COVNCELL OF TRENT MY purpose 1500 Pope ALEXANDER 6 Emperour MAXIMLLIAN I. HENRY 7. King of England LEVVIS 12. French king is to write the History of the Councell The purpose of the Author of Trent For though many famous Historians of our age haue made mention in their writings of some particular accidents that happened therein and Iohn Sleidam a most diligent author hath related with exquisite industry the causes that went before notwithstanding all these things put together would not suffice for an entire narration For my selfe so soone as I had vnderstanding The meanes he vsed for collection of his matter of the affaires of the world I became exceeding curious to know the whole proceedings therof and after I had diligently read whatsoeuer I found written and the publique instructions whether printed or diuulged by pen I betooke my selfe without sparing either paines or care to search in the remainder of the writings of the Prelates and others who were present in the Councel the Records which they left behinde them and the Suffrages or opinions deliuered in publique preserued by the Authors themselues or by others and the letters of aduice written from that Citie whereby I haue had the fauour to see euen a whole register of Notes and Letters of those persons who had a great part

the same Fathers to the The opinion of Catarinus Marinarus contrary which shewed they had spoken accidentally in this particular as the occasions made most for their purpose sometimes to comfort the scrupulous sometimes to represse the audacious Yet they kept them close to the authoritie of the Scripture They said that to as many as it is read in the Gospel that CHRIST hath forgiuen sinnes to all them hee sayd Beleeue that your sinnes are forgiuen And it would bee an absurditie that CHRIST should giue an occasion of temeritie and pride or if the contrary were profitable or a merit that hee would depriue all men of it That the Scripture bindeth vs to giue God thankes for our iustification which cannot be giuen except wee know wee haue obtained it for to giue them when wee are vncertaine would bee most foolish and impertinent That Saint Paul doeth plainely confirme the certaintie when hee putteth the Corinthians in mind to know that CHRIST is in them except they bee reprobates And when hee saith we haue receiued from God the Spirit to know what is giuen vs by his Diuine Maiestie and more cleerely that the boly Spirit doeth beare witnesse to our spirit that wee are the sonnes of God and it is much to accuse them of rashnesse who beleeue the holy Ghost that speaketh with them For Saint Ambrose saith that the holy Ghost doeth neuer speake vnto vs but doth make vs know that it is he that speaketh After this hee added the words of CHRIST in Saint Iohn that the world cannot receiue the holy Ghost because it seeth him not nor knoweth him but that the Disciples shall know him because he shall dwell in them Catarinus did fortifie himselfe strongly by saying that it was the opinion of a man in a dreame to defend that grace is voluntarily receiued when wee know not whether wee haue it or not as if to receiue a thing willingly it bee not necessary that the willing receiuer should know it is giuen him that he doeth really receiue it and that after it is receiued he doeth possesse it The force of these reasons made them first retire a little who censured the opinion of temeritie and yeeld that there might bee a coniecture though not an ordinary certainetie Yet they acknowledged a certaintie in the Martyrs in the newly baptized and in some by speciall reuelation and from coniecture they were brought to call it morall faith and Vega who in the beginning admitted probability onely ouercome by these reasons and beginning to fauour the certaintie for feare of conforming himselfe to the Lutheran opinion sayd that there was so much certaintie as did exclude all doubt and could not be deceiued yet that it was not Christian faith but humane and experimentall And as hee that is hote is sure hee is so and should want sense if hee doubted so hee that hath grace in him doeth perceiue it and cannot doubt yet it is by the sence of the minde not by Diuine reuelation But the other defenders of certaintie constrained by the aduersaries to speake plainely whether they thought a man might haue it or whether hee were bound vnto it or whether it were a Diuine or humane faith they came to say that it being a faith giuen to the Testimonie of the holy Ghost it could not bee sayd to bee in our liberty euery one being bound to beleeue Diuine reuelations and that it must needes bee called Diuine faith And they being pressed with the obiection that if that faith bee not equall to the Catholike faith it doeth not exclude all doubt if it bee equall then the iust ought as much to beleeue he is iustified as the Articles of faith Catarinus did answere that that faith was diuine of equall certaintie excluding all doubt as well as the Catholike but that it was not the Catholike it selfe Hee affirmed that the Faith which one giueth to Diuine reuelations made vnto ones selfe in particular was diuine and excluded all doubt but when it is receiued by the Church then it is made Vniuersall that is Catholike and that this onely concerneth the Articles of faith which notwithstanding in regard of certainty and exclusion of doubt is not superiour to priuate faith but exceedeth it onely in vniuersality So all the Prophets had first priuate faith of the things reuealed to them by God of which after they were receiued by the Church they had a Catholike faith This opinion seemed hard at the first hearing and the adherents of Catarinus who were all the Carmelites because Iohn Bacon their Doctour was of that opinion and the Bishops of Sinigaglia Worcester and Salpi did willingly goe so farre but afterwards the reason beeing weighed and discussed it was strange how it was receiued by a principall part of the Prelates Soto crying out that it was too much in fauour of the Lutherans others defending that Luther ought not to be censured if he had said that after iustification that kind of faith doth follow but because he saith that is the faith which iustifieth They answered the reasons of the other part that the Schoolemen ought not to bee regarded who ground themselues vpon Philosophicall reasons that one cannot iudge of diuine motions that the authority of Salomon was not to the purpose for saying none knoweth whether hee bee worthy of loue or hatred applying it heere it would conclude that the most wicked sinner who perseuereth cannot know that hee is in disgrace with God that the saying of Wisedome cannot bee applied to this and the translation doeth deceiue because the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth not signifie sinne pardoned as the translation is but expiation or pardon and the words of the wise man are an admonition to the sinner not to lay sinne vpon sinne by too much confidence of pardon to come or past that it was not fit to ground an Article of faith vpon an error of an interpreter Thus did the same men who then had made the vulgar edition authenticall speake of it which euery one may also obserue out of the bookes printed by them who assisted at the decree of the approbation They said that to worke with feare trembling was an Hebrew phrase which signifieth not ambiguitie but reuerence because feare trembling are vsed by seruants to their masters euen when they are commended by them and know they are in fauour that the place of S. Paul did fauourthem when he spake of iustification For saying I am not conscious of any want yet thereby am I not iustified he would inferre but I am iustified by something else and so would prooue the certaintie But the true sense is that Paul speaketh of defect in the office of preaching and saith my conscience doth not accuse me of defect in any thing yet I dare not say I haue wholly satisfied but I reserue all to the iudgement of God Hee that had not seene the memorials of those who had part in these

Holinesse had depriued himselfe of doing the King any good office by giuing him so great a grieuance The Pope answered againe not for out cause but your owne and for the benefi●s 〈◊〉 by vs to the King these words were not worthy to bee put into the protestation made vnto 〈◊〉 The President Birague arriued in Trent at the same time whom as we said before the French King had sent to the Councel and the Emperour who 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Trent was receiued in Congregation the second of 〈◊〉 where no Ambassadors inferior to the French were present that he might 〈◊〉 them place because Is receiued in congregation he had not the title of Ambassadour in the Kings 〈◊〉 He presented the letters of the King dated the fifteenth of April which saiel in substance That the troubles and 〈◊〉 raised in the kingdome for cause of religion were very well knowe●● also his 〈◊〉 with the 〈◊〉 and assistance of Princes and 〈◊〉 his friends 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by armes that it pleased God in his incomprehensible Iudgements not to suffer those remedies of armes to produce any thing but 〈◊〉 slaughters sackings of cities ruines of Churches losse of Princes Lords Knights and other calamities and desolations so that it is easie to know that they were not fit to heale the infirmitie of Spirits which are ouercome onely by reason and perswasion that this hath caused him to make a Pacification according to the contents of his letters dispatched vpon that occasion not to permit the establishing of a new faith in the kingdome but that armes being layd aside he might with lesse contradiction make an vnion of all his Subiects in the same holy and Catholike religion a benefit which he did expect from the mercy of God and from a good and serious reformation which he did promise himselfe from the Synod And because hee had many things to represent to them and to desire of them he resolued to send Monsieur Renaut Birague who would informe them of all by word of mouth praying them to receiue and heare him with courtesie The letters being read the President spake relating very particularly the And maketh an oration discords warres and calamities of France the State and necessitie into which the King and kingdome were reduced the imprisonment of the Constable and death of the Duke of Guise which made them to bee as it were without armes Hee iustified the accord at large as being made for pure and meere necessitie and with more aduantage to the Catholike partie then to the contrary That the intention of the King and Councell was not to suffer an introduction or an establishment of a new religion but on the contrary armes and disobedience being remoued to reduce with lesse contradiction and by the wayes obserued by his ancestors to the obedience of the Church those that were out of their way and to reunite all in an holy Catholique profession knowing very well that the exercise of two religions cannot long subsist and continue in one kingdome Then he said that the King did hope to reunite quickly all his people in one opinion by the singular grace of GOD and by meanes of the Councell a remedy vsed alwayes by the ancients against such euils as those were which did then afflict Christendome Heprayed the Fathers to further the Kings good intention by a serious reformation by reducing manners to the 〈◊〉 and puritie of the ancient Church and by composing the differences in religion promising that the King would alwayes bee Catholike and deuoted to the Church of Rome according to the example of his ancestours Hee said in conclusion that the King did trust in the goodnesse and wisedome of the Fathers that they would compassionate the miseries of France and labour to cure them The President had commission to demaund that the Councel might be translated to a place where the Protestants might have free accesse For notwithstanding all the securitie giuen by the Pope and the Councell they held Trent suspected and desired a place where the Emperour might secure their But he touched not this point by the aduie● of Lordiu● and the French Ambassadours who ●●ought it not fit to make 〈◊〉 and held it 〈…〉 of which 〈…〉 ker should answer Birague in the name of the Synod condoling the misfortunes and calamities of the kingdome of France and exhorting the King that hauing beene forced to make peace and to grant something to the Hugonots to restore religion intirely he would for the seruice of GOD when the kingdome was in peace labour without any delay that this good end might be obtained And they shewed this answer to Loraine after the Masse before they entred into the Congregation Who said hee did not like they should approue the Kings fact whereof they should rather complaine as preiudiciall to the faith and therefore that it was better to take time to answere as the vse is in matters of importance Whereupon they gaue order that Birague should be answered thus insubstance That in regard the things related and proposed by him were of great weight and had need of much consideration the Synod would take a fit time to answere him The French Ambassadours were much displeased with this fact of Loraine thinking that if the Legates had not beene disposed to commend the Kings actions hee ought to haue incited them yea to force them as much as hee could whereas on the contrary they iudging a commendation of the fact to bee iust and reasonable as indeed it was he had disswaded them But consulting amongst themselues they resolued not to write thereof into France for many respects and Lansac being to returne shortly might make that relation which should be thought necessary The moneth before there hapned a great tumult and popular commotion in Bauaria because the Cup was not allowed nor married men suffered A tumult in Bauaria for the Cup and mariage of Priests to preach which disorder proceeded so farre that to appease them the Duke promised in the Diet that if in all Iune a resolution were not made in Trent or by the Pope to giue them satisfaction himselfe would grant both the one and the other This newes comming to the Councel made the Legats dispatch in diligence Nicolaus Ormonetus to perswade that Prince not to make such a grant promising that the Councell would not bee wanting to his necessities To whom the Duke answered that to shew his obedience and deuotion to the Apostolike Sea hee would vse all meanes to entertaine his people as long as he could expecting and hoping that the Councell would resolue that which they saw to bee necessary notwithstanding the determination made before But the Congregations proceeding in handling the Conciliarie matters The Bishopof Nimes speaketh against Annates in one of them the Bishop of Nimes speaking of the abuses of Order discoursed of Annates He said that howsoeuer it could not bee denied that all Churches ought to contribute to