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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A07594 The circle of commerce. Or The ballance of trade in defence of free trade: opposed to Malynes little fish and his great whale, and poized against them in the scale. Wherein also, exchanges in generall are considered: and therein the whole trade of this kingdome with forraine countries, is digested into a ballance of trade, for the benefite of the publique. Necessary for the present and future times. By E.M. merchant. Misselden, Edward, fl. 1608-1654. 1623 (1623) STC 17985; ESTC S121074 74,584 148

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any man of Divine or Humane learning that ever assign'd any other parts then the Matter and Forme to the Essence of things whether Naturall or Artificiall In the Former we may take for an instance Man that Master-piece of Naturall things Homo conslat anima copore A man consists of soule and bodie Now the Matter of a Man is a corporeall substance common to other creatures but the Forme of Man is his rationall soule whereby hee differeth from them all To whose existence no third thing can be added It is true that Body Soule and Spirit are sometimes put together in the Scripture but by Spirit is there meant the facultie of the soule Which surely that learned holy Apostle did not so conioyne without a mystery For the word Soule in the holy languages sometimes signifieth the Mortall life 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anima and sometimes and more commonly the Immortall soule Now as it signifieth the Mortall life it is common to all other creatures as well as Man But as it signifieth the Immortall soule it is propper and peculiar to Man alone So that by the Bodie Soule and Spirit the Apostle distributes the whole Man into the Body and the Spirituall soule to answere that which hee knew the Philosophers called the Rationall soule There is also alike Entity or Essence of Matter and Forme in Artificiall things wherein Malynes no lesse grosly erreth The Matter of an House is stone and timber the Forme of it is the fashion or proportion after which it is built To which no third thing can be added to giue vnto it being And thence it is that the Logicians say that Forma dat esse rei the forme giveth to the thing the perfection of beeing because it giueth the denomination of the thing For a Man is not said to bee a Man in respect of his matter or corporeall substance for then a beast should bee a man but in respect of his Rationall soule whereby hee excelleth all other creatures An House is not an house in respect of the Matter whereof it is made for then all other stone timber should be an house but in respect of the Forme of it whereby it is knowne to bee a house And so likewise in the trafique of Merchants which is also an Artificiall thing there are no other Essentiall parts then the Matter and Forme of Trade The Matter as I shewed before is merchandize and money whether exchanged or not exchanged the Forme is buying and selling and as we say chopping and changing of one thing for another which in one word is called Commerce Without which there would bee no traffique amongst men notwithstanding the materials of trade And thus much briefly for the Essence of Naturall and Artificiall things Colleg. Conimb in Phys. Arist lib. 1. cap. 7. partic 2. Finitū infinit Quiesc mobile Par Impar Rectū ebliquū Vnum multit Lumē tenebra Dextrū sinistr Bonum malum Mas soemina Qu●drat long Eeodē Cōment lib. 1. cap. 7. partic 3. Now for the Principles of Naturall things which Malynes cannot discerne from their Essence Some Philosophers say there is but One as the Earth as doth Hesiodus in his Theogonia others Some the Water as Thales Milesius others Some the Ayre as Anaximines and others Some the Fire as Hippasius Metapontinus and others Other Philosophers say there are Ten as the Pythagoreans who reduced the whole frame of Nature into Decada or Denaria into Ten coniugations of Principles All which Aristotle reduceth into Matter Forme and Privation yet so as he excludeth Privation from the Being of naturall things for thus he saith * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arist in Phys. lib. 1. cap. Secundū Paciū 9. Pacii Cōment in Phys. Arist c. 8. partic 20. Idempartic 17. Privation is not Ens or Beeing because it is not in the subiect which is made by it And therefore Pacius vpon Aristotle thus concludeth Materia forma sunt Principia per se Privatio vero per accidens There are simply but two principles of naturall things to wit Matter and Forme but after a sort a third Privation Because saith he dupliciter consideratur forma quà abest quà adest The Forme is considered two wayes as it is Absent and there 's the Terminus à quo and as it is Present and there 's the Terminus ad quem which Absence is nothing else but Privation This cannot so well be vnderstood of those that that are not acquainted with these things as by example which we will instance first in some Naturall and then in some Artificiall thing The Eye is a Naturall thing the Matter whereof is an Oculary substance the Forme is Seeing Blindnes taketh away the sight of the Eye and is therefore called Privation of the sight whereby the first forme of seeing is changed into blindnes A Ship is an Artificiall thing the Matter whereof is timber and iron the Forme is the mould and proportion of the Ship Now if you will breake vp this Ship and take her in pieces and thereof build an House there will be a Privation of the first forme and a mutation thereof into a second to wit of a Ship into an House So then a blinde man will not say that blindnes is any part of seeing and hee is an ill Carpenter that cannot know a House from a Ship and as ill a Sophister is Malynes not to discerne Privation from the Essence of Naturall or Artificial things Which he might haue better vnderstood if he had beene able to consult with Aristotle or any of his Interpreters But alas how should hee vnderstand him or them when hee cannot so much as translate a sentence of him out of Latin much lesse out of the Originall into proper or significant words Witnesse these three in his one sentence aboue recited Established Beginnings and Deprivation for Assigned or Constituted Principles and Privation Wherein a smatterer in Art could not haue showne himselfe so ignorant These are this Captaines Colours His Postures follow I feare Impostures This for one That the Author of Free trade Epist p. 2. either ignorantly or wilfully hath omitted to handle the predominant part of Trade namely the mystery of Exchange MEndacem oportet esse memorem §. 3. If Malynes had not forgot himselfe hee might haue perceiued his Par of Exchange put out of the Remedies of trade in Cap. 7. Fol. 104. of my discourse Free Trade cap. 7. with the reasons thereof and therefore not omitted Neither was it the scope of my discourse to handle euery thing that might occur a mans imagination after Malynes manner but such things onely as tended to the hinderance of the Trade of the Kingdome and to present their remedies Now there being no such Causality nor Remedy in that his Par of Exchange as I shall proue anon there was no more Ignorance nor Wilfulnes in me to passe by that then all other impertinent things But it