Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	air_n	fountain_n	good_a	24	3	2.1572	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64730	Cosmography and geography in two parts, the first, containing the general and absolute part of cosmography and geography, being a translation from that eminent and much esteemed geographer Varenius : wherein are at large handled all such arts as are necessary to be understand for the true knowledge thereof : the second part, being a geographical description of all the world, taken from the notes and works of the famous Monsieur Sanson, late geographer to the French King : to which are added about an hundred cosmographical, geographical and hydrographical tables of several kingdoms and isles of the world, with their chief cities, seaports, bays, &c. drawn from the maps of the said Sanson : illustrated with maps.	Sanson, Nicolas, 1600-1667.; Blome, Richard, d. 1705.; Varenius, Bernhardus, 1622-1650. Geographia generalis. English.	1682 (1682)	Wing V103; ESTC R2087	1,110,349	935

fruitful by its fat water Proposition XXI To explain how Springs or Fountains break forth Of the breaking forth of Springs and Fountains In the fourth Proposition we have shewed whence the water ariseth that floweth from Fountains Now here we demand by what force that water collected in the Earth is thrust forth seeing that it seemeth not possible to be done without a violent removing of the Earth But the causes are various which make way for a Spring in any place 1. If that in any place there be a certain cavity the water distilleth into that without the help of any other cause when that by creeping it cometh into it and then in course of time maketh greater passages for it self until that cavity being filled it floweth out and maketh a River The same also hapneth without a cavity if that the Spring be on the top of a Mountain Also for this reason frequent Springs are found in Woods and shady places For the Rain-water moistneth the Earth and because it is not extracted by the heat of the Sun and an open and free Air by degrees it allureth to it self the hidden water of a future Fountain 2. A way is prepared and the Earth removed by the Spirits which are admixed with the waters yet in the Earth also the rarefaction of water in the Earth by which it requireth the larger place For the Waters whilst that yet they are hidden within the Earth carry many Spirits Also Subterranean fires add not a little to this 3. Oftentimes Fountains are brought to light by showers for showers do render the Pores of the Earth more ample and large when that they conjoyn with the water of the hidden Fountain and so this followeth that by reason of the mutual conjunction and coherency 4. Sometimes Springs are opened by an Earthquake so an Earthquake sent forth the River Ladon 5. Sometimes they are discovered by the Industry of Men by digging the Earth 6. Many Fountains have been discovered by Animals which are wont to dig up the Earth with their Snouts so a Hog first discovered the first Salt Spring in Lunenburgh for when he had rooted up the Earth and made a gutter the water spouted out which filling the gutter the Hog according to their custome lay down in it then when he arose and that his back was dry some discovered a very white colour on him which when they had more accurately contemplated they found it to be white Salt then they went to the Spring and from thence forwards many more were sought and found out from which the City obtaineth almost ●ll its riches and splendor And in Memorial thereof the Hog was quartered and smoak-dried and is kept at this very day in the Palace of Lunenburgh to be seen Proposition XXII A place being given in the Earth to enquire whether a Spring or Well may be made in it See Vitruvius in the Eighth Book of his Architecture See Vitruvius Lib. 8. Cap. 1. Chap. 1. At this day we perform the same by digging up the Earth oftentimes to a great depth and for the most part veins or heads of Springs or Wells or the Wells and Springs themselves are found Proposition XXIII A place being given to make a Spring or Well in it if that it be possible to be made We will alledge the words of Vitruvius as being a man excellently skilled in these affairs See Vitruvius Cap. 7. seeing that we never used our selves to this kind of Exercise In his Seventh Chapter thus he speaketh Reason must not be contemned in digging of Wells but the natural reasons of things are to be considered with sharpness of wit and great prudence by reason that the Earth hath many and various things within it for it is compounded as other things of four Principles and the first is Terrene and hath from the humidity of the water Fountains also heats whence proceed Sulphur Alom Bitumen and gross Spirits of Air which being thick when by the fistulous intervenings of the Earth they come to the place where the Well is dug and find men digging by their natural vapour they stop up the Animal spirits of those that work at their Nostrils so that those that fly not quickly away are there choaked Now to avoid this we must thus act Let a Candle be lighted and let down and if that it continueth burning you may descend without danger but if that the light be extinguished by the force of the Vapors then let Aestuaries be dug on the right and left hand near the W●ll so as by the Nostrils the Spirits will be dissipated When those are so explicated and that you are come to the water let the structure be so senced that the veins be not stopped But if that the places should prove hard or that the veins shall not be altogether at the bottom then assistance must be taken from the coverings of Plaster-works Now this must be observed in Plaster-work that the roughest and purest Sand be gotten that the Cement be broken with a Flint that the most vehement Chalk be mixed with the Mortar so that five parts of Sand answer to two of Chalk or Lime Let the Cement be added to the Mortar of it let the Walls in the depressed trench unto the measure of the future altitude be spaged the Bars being made of Iron The Walls being plaistered let that which is Earthy in the midst be evacuated to the lower measure or libration of the Walls and the bottom being levelled let the Pavement be plaistered with the same Mortar unto the thickness that is appointed Now these places if they shall be made double or treble that they may be transmutated by the percolations of the water will make the use of it far more wholsom for the Mud when that it hath found a place to sink in the water becometh more clear and will keep its tast without any scent if not you must of necessity add Salt and extenuate it Proposition XXIV To prove whether the Water of a Spring be wholsom Of Spring-water whether it be wholsom or not Concerning this Vitruvius thus writeth Their probations must be thus looked after If that they flow and be open before that they begin to be drawn look on them and observe of what membrature they are what Inhabitants dwell about those Fountains whether they be of strong Bodies of good colours not lame blear or sore-eyed if so the Waters are very excellent Also if that a new Spring be dug and the water be put into a Corinthian Vessel or any other kind made of Brass and if it causeth no stain it is then most excellent water Also if that that water be heated and afterwards setled and poured forth and that no Sand or Mud be found in the bottom that Water is also very good Also if that Roots put in that water be quickly boiled they shew the water to be good and wholsom Also that the water in the Fountain be clear

Salt but this is a deceitful sign The 4th Cause 4. The fourth Cause of the unequal saltness is the frequency or scarcity of Rains unto which we may add Snow and in the Northern places Snow and Rain is frequent in the places of the Torrid Zone they are less frequent in some parts of the year and in othersome they are almost continual And therefore in these places in the pluvial Months the water of the Ocean is not so salt on the shoar and hath less Salt in it than in the dry Months Yea in many Regions of the Coast of Malabar the Ocean is fresh in the pluvial Months by reason of the abundance of water that floweth from the top of the Mountain Gatis and falleth into the Sea for this very reason in divers Seasons of the year the same Ocean is of a various saltness yet because in the Northern places the Rains and Snows are continual throughout the whole year therefore this Sea is less salt than in the Torrid Zone The 5th Cause 5. The fifth Cause is the dissimilary solution or unequal faculty of the Water to dissolve this Salt and unite it to its self for hot water sooner uniteth Salt unto it self than cold Water although therefore in the Northern places of the Ocean the shoars and Channels of the same contain more or the like quantity of Salt that those places of the Torrid Zone do yet because the water is there more cold it is not so able to dissolve and unite the Salt to it self so subtily us the water in the Torrid Zone which is more hot The 6th Cause 6. The sixth cause is the exoneration of many and great Rivers into the Sea but this cause only taketh place in the parts of the Ocean that are vicine to the shoars but is not discovered in the remote parts So Mariners affirm that the Ocean on the Coast of Brasilia where the Silver-River disburtheneth it self loseth it saltness and affordeth fresh waters fifteen miles distant from the shoar The same is observed of the African Ocean on the Coasts of Congi where the River Zaire exonerateth it self and of many more Rivers Unto these add runing Fountains in some parts of the bottom of the Ocean These are the Causes which seem to concur to the variety and diversity of saltness in divers parts of the Ocean from which the saltness of every one of the Seas may be explained From whence also it is easy to give an account why the water of the German and Northern Ocean is less apt to separate Salt from it self by coction than the water of the Spanish Ocean the Canary Isles and that of Cape Verd whence the Dutch fetch Salt in great abundance and transport it into the Northern Regions viz. this Ocean is more near the Torrid Zone and receiveth water from the Ocean of the Torrid Zone the other is more remote from the Frigid Zone yet I cannot deny the constitution of the Channels themselves to be more or less saline The Sea-water at Guinee in the Ethiopick Ocean affordeth Salt at one coction as white as snow such as neither the Spanish Ocean nor any other in Europe do produce at one coction or boyling Proposition XI Why Rain-water in the middle of the Ocean is found sweet but the water which we separate from the Marine or Salt-water either by decoction or distillation is yet notwithstanding found salt when yet the Rain-water proceedeth from the Vapours exhaled from the Sea Fresh-water abstracted from Salt-water The Learned Chymists or true Naturalists have hitherto laboured in vain that they might find out an Art by which they might distill and abstract fresh water from the water of the Ocean which would be of great advantage but as yet their Labours have proved fruitless for although as well in the decoction as distillation Salt may be left in the bottom of the Vessel yet the water separated by decoction as well as distillation is yet found salt and not fit for men to drink which seemeth wonderful unto those that are ignorant of the cause Yet Chymistry that is true Philosophy hath taught the reason for by the benefit of this we know that there is a twofold salt in Bodies or two kinds of salt which although they agree in tast yet they much differ in other qualities one of these Artists term fixed the other volatile salt The fixed salt by reason of its gravity is not elevated in distillation but remaineth in the bottom of the Vessel but the volatile salt is full of spirit and indeed is nothing else but a most subtile spirit that is elevated by a very light fire and therefore in the distillation ascendeth with the fresh water and is more firmly united by reason of the subtilty of the Attoms neither is this volatile salt found only with fixed salt in Sea-water but almost in all bodies as Chymistry proveth by experience but in some in a greater and in othersome in a lesser quantity in a greater quantity in sharp tasted Herbs in a lesser in oily Herbs Therefore difficulty consisteth in the separation of this salt spirit or volatile salt from the water But why the pluvial water in the midst of the Sea is no less fresh than on the Land seeing that yet it is generated by abstraction of the exhalations of the Ocean caused by the fervour of the Sun or from some subterraneous fire which evaporation doth little differ from distillation The cause seemeth to be Fourfold 1. A slow operation by which the tenuous part is only elevated from the Ocean which although it containeth a saline volatile spirit yet it hath it in less quantity than if that this exhalation were caused by a more forcible heat 2. The long way that this vapour passeth through before that it arriveth unto that Region of the Air where it is condensated into rain in passage it is possible that the saline spirit is by degrees separated from the watery particles 3. The admixture of other watery particles existing in the air 4. A Refrigeration Coition and condensation of the vapour for these exhalations exhaled from the Ocean by degrees are more and more refrigerated and being conjoyned with other obvious and admixed vapours they condense into a more thick vapour or cloud in this Refrigeration and condensation or coition of the saline spirit with the fiery particles they fly into the more exalted part of the Air. Now why the same is not performed in distillation where the vapours exalted are also condensed the cause is 1. That by reason of the small passage the saline spirit is as yet over straitly conjoyned to the watery particles 2. That the vapour restrained in the vessel admitteth not a free passage to the evolant spirit Proposition XII Sea-water is more ponderous than fresh water and the water of one Sea is more heavy than another Sea water more heavy than fresh water The cause is manifest from what hath been said

Indians Orancan It is often in the Oriental Sea especially in the Sea of Sian China and Japan between Malacca and Japan This violently breaking almost from the Western quarter and being whirled about the Horizon with a rapid course perfects its circumference by continual increase in the space of twenty hours raising those vast Seas with an horrid violence and swellings the Billows beating one another take away all hope of safety from the Mariners and so both by reason of these Typhons and also other Storms sailing from India to Japan is very dangerous so that it is accounted an happy Voyage if that one Ship of three keepeth its course At the Autumnal Season a most furious Typhon doth especially predominate and that often with so great violence that those that have not seen it can hardly believe it so that it is no wonder that some mighty Ships have been weakned by those great Waves you would think in this Storm that Heaven and Earth would meet Neither doth it only rage on the Sea but also on the Shoars and overwhelmeth many Houses and throweth up huge Trees by the roots and forceth great Ships from the Sea on the Land for about a quarter of a mile The Mariners term it a Wind that runneth round the Compass In the Indian Ocean it seldom continueth above six hours and maketh the Sea so level at the first as if that it were plained but on a sudden horrible Waves do follow So about the City Ardibil in Persia in June and July every day when that the Sun is at his Meridian height a Whirlwind ariseth for an hour by which a great dust is raised Questionless the cause of a Typhon is that a wind breaking forth with violence from some one quarter towards another findeth an obstruction in this and therefore is wreathed and turned into it self as we see that if water be suddenly moved if that an obstacle be put in its way it moveth in a round suddenly and with a force It may be that a Typhon may arise from opposite winds blowing together violently which render the superficies of the Sea so plain and comprehend the Ships in the middle If that it rush from above it is called Caetegis and then it maketh the Sea so plain as if that it had been plained but presently mighty Floods or Waves arise Proposition XIII Whether that some Winds break forth from the Earth or Water Of VVinds breaking forth from the Earth or VVater We easily apprehend that this may easily be seeing that Cavities are here and also Winds Sulphureous substances and Moisture Now nothing hinders but that a gust sufficiently vehement may be there generated viz. if that it be any thing hindred as it is procreated to go forth or if that it be presently generated in a great quantity as much as the winds require If that the Outlet be hindred an Earthquake is generated or a wind with a violent force maketh wey for it self and thrusts forwards the Earth So oftentimes a Smoak breaketh forth from the Earth in the Isles of Maarice so also from some Caves In Japan is a Fountain breaking forth at certain hours of the day with great noise Yet I do not remember that I have read of any Wind breaking forth out of the Sea Proposition XIV Whether that a certain Wind may arise from the flowing of the Sea and of the Rivers Of a VVind that floweth from the Sea and Rivers Experienced testifieth that in those places where the flux and reflux of the Sea is discovered if at any time the Air be free from other winds from the most part with the water flowing from the Sea a wind also bloweth from the Sea Therefore it seemeth probable that the Air by reason of the contiguity is carried with the water to the same quarter But this should be more diligently observed Whether when that the Air is still the same wind is discovered with the afflux of the Sea I think yet that another cause of this Wind may be given viz. that the Air is forced from the place by the flowing water Now the Air is much moved at a very little impression so they will have the Air moved with the Rivers that run swiftly Proposition XV. Why Ignes fatui Castor and Pollux and Helena are amongst Tempests The Portugals call them Corpo Santo the Spaniards St. Elmo Now not only one but many are oftentimes beheld in Ships at the Masts wandring with an uncertain motion as other Ignes fatui although that sometimes they may seem to fix on the Sails and Masts But sometimes leaping up and down they appear like a flame or a Candle burning obscurely If that four such vicine Lights be seen the Portugals term them Cora de Nostra Seneora the Crown of our Blessed Lady or Virgin Mary And these they account of as a most certain sign of the Tempests to cease The cause of those Fires is a Sulphureous part full of Bitumen forced downwards through that great motion of the Air and forced or fired into one by agitation or congregation So we see by agitation that the Butter of Milk is separated from this Phaenomenon is also collected that for the most part those violent Tempests proceed from a Sulphureous spirit rarefying and moving the Clouds Proposition XVI Why there is so frequent a Calm in the Sea near Guinee and under the Aequator in the Atlantick Ocean between America and Africa Frequent ' Calms in the Atlantick Ocean This is one of the Phaenomenons about Winds of no small difficulty That at Guinee which is two degrees from the Aequator and under the Aequator is almost a perpetual Calm especially in April May and June where no motions are found there when that no such thing is observed in other parts of the Ocean scituate under the Aequator Indeed an Ecnephias is sometimes sufficiently frequent there but this also is desired oftentimes by the Sea-men because that by the force of frequent Ecnephiae they endeavour to sail beyond the Aequator For it happeneth very often that Ships sailing from Europe to India are detained a whole Month at the Aequator before that they can pass it Now especially they avoid the Coasts of Guinee and the Calm there and therefore with some hindrance to their Voyage they sail towards Brazil yea some Ships are detained here for three Months before that they can depart from the Coasts into the Mid-Sea I have not yet found out the cause of the Phaenomenon unless perchance this be it that Snows are found intercepted in no Mountains of Africa between Guinee and Barbary which may generate the Winds Proposition XVII In some Regions the Tempests are Anniversary Of Tempests Anniversary in some Regions We have given some Examples of these in our former Propositions viz. 1. Concerning the mutation of Motions 2. Concerning our Ecnephias 3. Concerning a Typhon 4. At the Promontory of Good-hope in June and July 5. In the Isle

Wax Commodities and excellent Warlike Horses whose Manes are said to hang down to their feet their Fruits are good and in great plenty and the Earth is inriched with Mines of several Metals It is seated in the Northern Temperate Zone between the 7th and 10th Climates which makes the longest day to be 17 hours It s People The People are well made and proportionate they are head-strong resolute in their Opinions and of no ready wit they use the Sclavonian Language they are Christians and follow the Greek Church The Kingdom at present is divided into several Provinces as in the Geographical Table of Turkey in Europe is set down all which are subject to the Grand Signior Province of Transilvania The Province of TRANSILVANIA hath for its chief places 1. Waranine far engaged towards the West and it is a frontier Town to Hungaria and of some account and strength 2. Hermensted more towards Moldavia 3. Weisenburg 4. Burges 5. and Hanyad Province of Bosnia The Province of BOSNIA hath for its chief place 1. Saraih the Metropolitan City seated in a fruitful Valley which on the North and South sides are immured with ridges of pleasant Hills of an easie ascent This City is said to contain about 80 Mescheetoes and about 20000 Houses which for the most part are but meanly built 2. Bagnialuch once the residence of the Bosnian Kings and 3. Jayeza the usual Sepulchre of those Kings Province of Servia The Province of SERVIA whose chief Cities are 1. Belgrade once the Bulwark of Christendom valiantly resisting the power of Amurath the 6th and Mahomet the Great but yielded to Solyman Anno 1520 when this whole Country became a Turkish Province 2. Stonebourgh once the Seat of its Despot and 3. Samandria Province of Bulgaria The Province of BVLGARIA hath for its chief places 1. Sofia the Seat of the Beglerbeg of Greece under whom are 21 Sangiacs seated almost in the midst of a long and fruitful Valley beautified with many fair Hanes and Baths the chief of which hath hot Fountains It s Colledge is magnificent and its Mescheetoes are many and beautiful especially that in the midst of the City which is the largest and here the doors of the houses of the Christians and Jews are not above 3 foot high which is so made to keep out the Turkish Horses who would else in their Travels make them serve instead of Stables so great is the slavery that they live under 2. Oesco 3. Novi 4. Durostoro and 5. Destor all which are seated on the Danube 6. Proslavia seated at the mouth of one of the branches of the Danube at its fall into the Euxine Sea 7. Calutra and 8. Varna both seated on the Euxine or Black Sea Province of Moldavia The Province of MOLDAVIA whose chief places are 1. Zuccania once the Seat of the Vaivod 2. Sotzowa and 3. Lazy both good Cities Country of Bessarabia To the Province of Moldavia doth belong the small Country of BESSARABIA which lieth between Podolia and Bulgaria and is commodiously seated on the Black Sea It s chief places are Kherman or Moncastro the Seat of the Turkish Sargiack seated on the River Tyras not far from its influx into the Sea and 2. Kilia also seated on the Euxine Sea Province of Walachia The Province of WALACHIA being divided from Bulgaria by the Danube and is esteemed the richest Province in all Dacia It s chief places are 1. Targovisco the Seat of the Vajuods 2. Domboviza and 3. Brailonum GREECE The Parts of Greece The rest of Turkey in Europe may be comprehended under the name of GREECE which is divided into several parts to wit Romania which answers to the ancient Thrace Macedonia whose divers parts have received divers names as that of Jamboli of Camenolitaria of Migdonia or particular Macedonia Albania and Thessaly which is now called Junna Epirus now Canina Achaia and Aetolla now Livadia and Peloponnesus now the Morea Its Bounds GREECE esteemed the Mother of Arts and Sciences hath for its Eastern bounds the Egean Sea the Hellespont Propontis and Thracian Bosphorus and for its Western the Adriatick Sea and Italy It is seated in the Northern Temperate Zone under the 5th and 6th Climates the longest day being 15 hours It s sertllity and Commoties The Soil without doubt is very rich and fruitful and would be very prositable to the Husbandman if pains were taken in tilling it but the Great Turk seizing on their Estates when and as often as he pleaseth makes them careless to cultivate it yet here are found several good Commodities which are transported to other places as Wines Oils Silk both raw and wrought into severai Manufactures as Velvets Damasks c. also Gragrams Brimstone Copper Vitriol Cottons Sopes Carpets Cute Currants Cuminseed Anniseeds c. The Ancient and present Greeks The Grecians though a scattered People since the Turks became Masters of their Country vet still retain their Name Religion Customs and Language as indeed they do in all other places where they live They were once a Nation so excellent that their Precepts and Examples do yet remain as approved Canons to direct the mind to Vertue they were Lovers of freedom every way noble in matters of Government famous in Arms glorious in Arts admirable and to whom the rest of the World were held Barbarians but since they became under the Turkish yoke for the generaliay their Spirits are so low that their knowledge is turned into ignorance their liberty into contented slavery their Vertues into Vices and their industry in Arts and Sciences into idleness They are much addicted to drink and dancing for which they had the name of Merry Greeks they are of a good proportion and of a swarthy complexion their Women are well favoured brown and excessively amorous in matters of Habit they differ little from those amongst whom they live The Christian Faith was here established by Timothy to whom St. Paul wrote two Epistles The Fathers which this Church most adhereth unto are Chrysostom Basil and the two Gregories and the Church is governed by Patriarchs one of Constantinople another of Alexandria another of Jerusalem and another of Antioch freely exercising their Religion which differeth much from the Church of Rome as I shall in place elsewhere take notice o● and have every where their Temples and Monasteries If a Patriarch die another is elected by the Synod of Bishops Famous Men here bred This Country hath bred several famous Men as Alexander the Subverter of the Persian Monarchy Xenophon Plutarch Herodotus and Thucydides famous Historiographers Epaminondas Pyrrhus Miltiades and Aristides Captains Plato Aristotle Socrates and Theophrastus Divine Philosophers Demosthenes Aeschines and Isocrates eloquent Oratours with several others too tedious to name but to proceed to the Provinces Province of Romania ROMANIA particularly so called a Country of it self neither of a rich Soyl nor pleasant Air more

with two Castles and other Fortifications Here they make Salt of the Salt-water Basingstoke seated on the Road Basingstoke a great thorough-fare Town for the Western partt It is a Town Corporate governed by a Major 7 Aldermen as many Burgesses a high Steward a Recorder c. and the Market on Wednesdays is very good for Corn especially Barley Silchester a place of great antiquity and of a large extent Silchester said to be the ancient City Vindonum built by Constantius Son of Constantine the Great and before it was destroyed by the Danes was of a large extent Here the warlike Arthur was Crowned The Isle of WIGHT part of Hantshire Isle of wight of which it may part for from Hurst Castle which is seated on a Languet of Land which runneth forth into the Sea it is not above a mile to the Western part of this Isle and from Portsmouth not above six And its Southern part lieth opposite to France from which it is distant about 35 Leagues The form of this Isle is long being about 20 miles in length and where broadest 12 and hath about 60 miles of Sea-Coast It is blest with a healthful Air and is of a fertil Soil both for Corn and Pasture and hath plenty of Conies Hares Partridges Sea-fowl and other Game and for excellent Fish may compare with any Country whatsoever nor is it wanting in any thing either for pleasure or profit except Wood and that they are supplied with from Hantshire It is a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art for besides its Castles Block-houses Forts and Militia it is fenced about with a ridge of craggy Rocks and Cliffs with dangerous Banks amongst which those of most note to Sea-men are the Needles Shigles Brambles the Mixon c. It is very populous and garnished with 36 Parish Churches and hath for its chief places Newport a large populous and well frequented Major Town Newport which hath the election of Parliament men is dignified with the title of an Earldom and at present the only Market Town in the Isle which is here kept on Wednesdays and Saturdays both very considerable for Provisions Corn Cattle and other Commodities It is seated within 4 miles of the Sea and on a navigable Creek for small Vessels to the Key which doth much facilitate its Trade Yarmouth a fair Borough Town which electeth Parlament men Yarmouth and had formerly a Market is beautified with well built Houses which for the most part are of Free-stone and covered with Slate It s scituation is in the Western part of the Isle on the Sea-shoar with which and its Arms it is now encompassed and hath 3 strong Fortifications raised with a Draw-Bridge and the West end is defended by a powerful Castle on the Key The Cows seated at the entring in of the Creek that goeth to Newport a place very eminent for the harbouring of Ships About this Isle are several other small ones or rather Rocks as those called the Black-Rock the Mixon the Don Moss Challorne Goss Warden Atherfield and Chalk-Rocks and on the North part between it and Portsmouth as dangerous Sands as the Brambles the Horse and Nomans Lands Hartfordshire described HARTFORDSHIRE blest with a wholsom Air and for the generality is of an indifferent fertil Soil for Grain affording good store of Wheat and Barley of which they make Mault especially in the Vale of Ringtail or Ringdale and hath plenty of Meadows and Pastures which feed store of Cattle but of its own nature it is apt to bear Wood and Copses It is well stored with Parks and hath many pleasant and ancient Seats of Gentry commonly called Beryes that is Mannor-Houses Court-Houses or Halls It is well watered with Rivers the chief amongst which are the Lea Stower Stratford Redburne Flamsted Colne c. The ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans were the Trinobantes and the Cattieuchlamans and became afterwards part of the East Saxons It is severed into 8 Hundreds in which are seated 120 Parish Churches besides 15 Chappels of Ease and is traded unto by 18 Market Towns most of which are of good account Hartford Hartford seated on the Lea said to be formerly navigable once a place of a larger extent and of more beauty strength and esteem than now it is yet is it the Shire Town where the County Goal is kept and as a Borough Town electeth Parliament men It is governed by a Major 9 Burgesses 16 Assistants a high-Steward who is always a Noble-man a Steward of the Court of Records and other sub-Officers and hath a Market on Saturdays which is well frequented and served with Commodities St. Albans St. Albans seated on the Colne a Town of great antiquity being raised from the ruins of that famous City Verulam so splendid in the time of the Romans as may appear by the Pillars Pavements Arched-Vaults Idols and Coins oft digged up at which time it enjoyed ample Priviledges and Immunities many of which it yet keepeth being dignified with the Title of an Earldom and as a Borough Town electeth Parliament men For its chief Magistrates hath a Major 10 Aldermen a Steward and Chamberlain It is a fair large well inhabited and frequented thorough-fare Town divided into four Wards for Divine worship hath 3 Parish Churches in one of which was if not is a Font of solid Brass brought out of Scotland which was there made use of for the baptizing the Scottish Kings Children and hath a Market on Saturdays which is well served with Commodities c. Barnet Barnet or high Barnet a large dry and pleasant Town highly seated and on the Road a place of some account for its Medicinal-waters as also for its Swine-Market on Mondays which makes it to be well frequented and to be well accommodated with Inns. here was fought a bloody Battle between the Competitors of the Houses of York and Lancaster on Easter-day in which Edward the Fourth became Victor Watford Watford seated on the Colne a large and well inhabited Town whose Market on Tuesdays is well frequented affording all necessaries especially Corn in great plenty Not far from Watford is Langley Abby where was born Nicholas Surnamed Break-Spear who was afterwards Bishop of Rome and called Pope Hadrian the 4th He taught the Norwegians the Christian Faith he was of so proud a Spirit that he had his Stirup held by Frederick the Roman Emperour Berkhamsted hath a fair Free School Berkhamsted and a pretty good Market on Mondays chiefly for Mault And here it was that the English Nobles met in Council for the shaking off the Normans Yoke Hatfield Hatfield a place of great delight and recreation by reason of its Parks and other places of pleasure once dignified with a Royal-house of the Kings which now belongeth to the Earl of Salisbury it hath a Market on Thursdays Ware Ware a large well frequented and inhabited thorough-fare Town seated on the

dead within three hours after the life is departed unless it be in the night so that then they let the corps alone untill the morning they wash or bathe the bodies of their dead before they are interred in a great Cestern Ceremonies in their burials which they have for the same purpose near the Church to which place they are carried on a Bier in their Clothes and after they are stript and Washt they put them in clean linnen anoint them and so bear them to the Grave being accompanied with his Friends Relations Servants c. in this order first goeth those of his blood rext his Varlets who go naked to the Waist the rest in troozes who to express their love scratch and burn their Breasts Arms and other parts so that the blood oft issueth forth then follow many youths on whose shoulders are affixed some texts taken out of the Alcoran together with Elegies of the deceased in the next place follow several persons of the best ranck each holding a cord that is affixed to the Hearse and on every side abundance of People bearing in their hands Garlands of Flowers Lawrels and such things as befit the Season then follow some Horse-men half naked who oft times massacre their carcasses and in the last place follow weeping-Women that is such as are hired to weep and howle the better to provoke others to passion and being brought to the Grave the Priest after he hath performed several Ceremonies which he readeth out of the Alcoran the Corps is interred with his head towards Mecca his face towards Heaven and his armes expanded as they say to imbrace their Prophet Mahomet placing two Stones one at the head and the other at the foot of the Grave on which are ingraven in Arabick Characters the persons name quality and time of burial and so take their leave but for a good while cease not to visit the Grave twice a day beseeching Mahomet to succour him against his two bad Angels of whom they have this opinion So soon as the Corps is interred there are two hiddeous Devils assaile him the one they call Muengar which is armed with an Iron Club and the other Quarequar armed with a Hook of Flaming brass and in this horrid posture they view the Carcass and in an insolent manner command him to raise his head to fall prostrate upon his knees and begg his soul which then re-enters the body and gives an account unto them of all the actions of his life and upon examination and confession if it appear that his life was good they vanish away like Spirits and two good Angels come apparelled in white to be a comfort unto him and protect him untill the day of doom not stirring from him but sitting one at his head and the other at his feet But on the contrary if it happen that his life is found bad then these Infernal Imps are his tormentors the one knocking him on the head such blows with his Iron Club as beats him as they say ten yards into the Earth and the other drags him up with his Flaming hook and thus is he knockt down by one and dragged up by the other untill Mahomet sends him a deliverance and this as Sir Tho. Herbert relateth in his book of Travels is their belief which if it be true I doubt they will have many a sound knock and torne place before their delivery To persons of quality they observe more Ceremonies than to those of the ordinary degree making Feasts on the third seventh and fortieth day after the Corps is laid in the Grave at which Feasts they are charitable to the poor in their Almes Deeds The King of Persia his power The King of Persia governs by an absolute power disposing of the lives and estates of his Subjects as best pleaseth him making his Will his Law not any one daring so much as to murmure though his actions are never so much unjust Their Kings come to the Goverment by succession and not by election insomuch that if the King hath no Children which are lawfully begotten as by his Wives for want of such those of his Concubines shall succeed him The Coronation of their Kings Upon the Coronation of their Kings amongst other Ceremonies he is presented with a Crown by one of their chiefest Lords which he takes putting it to his forehead and after kissing it thrice in the name of Mahomet and of Aaly he delivers it to the grand Master of the Kingdom who puts it on his head the People making great shouts and acclamations kissing his feet and presenting him with great presents which done the rest of the day they spend in feasting and other jovialties but in all their Ceremonies there is not so much as an Oath imposed upon him as for his well governing them and keeping and preserving their fundamental Laws and other of their rights as amongst us done but all being left to his sole power as being absolute There are belonging to the Court several Officers as Chancellor Secretary of State Controller Master of the Horse Master of the Ceremonies together with several other Officers Their Courts of Judicature and their Justice as amongst our Courts are found The Administration of Justice is decided by the King but first tried by the secular Judges who examine the same and deliver up their opinion to the King They have several strict and severe punishments which they inflict upon the offenders according to the hainousness of their crimes for some offences they cut off the Ears or Nose sometimes the Feet or Hands for others to be beheaded for some again they are tyed between two boards and so sawed asunder with several other cruel deaths which are too tedious to name In their Military affairs they are very experienced Their Military Affairs their Army consisting only of Horse who have for their Armour Darts and Javelins yet have they some in the nature of our Dragoons which are mounted on Horses who have Muskets for their Arms as for an Army of Foot together with the assistance of great Guns by them is not so much set by as being troublesom and a detarder of them from their speedy and great marches they are very expert in all stratagems of War which gives them a great advantage over their enemies Here doth inhabit a sort of People called Gaurs and are of a much different Religion from the Persians observing divers Ceremonies peculiar to themselves In their Baptism they use no Circumsition instead of which they wash the Child c. At their Nuptials after the Priest hath said some Prayers he takes water washes both their fore-heads and gives the Benediction When they are sick they make Confession to the Priest and bestow their Almes in hopes of Pardon of their Sins They bury not their dead but carry them to certain enclosed places where they fasten them to high Stakes with their faces towards the East They bear a great adoration