not persecute us with his tempests and make us afraid with his stormes nor sweep us away with a generall deluge as he did the old world 2. For visiting the earth and watering it and greatly enriching it with the river of God providing for the corn setling the furrows thereof and making it soft with showers and blessing the springing thereof so that the pastures are cloathed with flocks and the vallies are covered over with corn for that he hath sent us a plentiful rain whereby he hath confirmed and refreshed his inheritance when it was weary 3. For healthful seasons that he hath delivered us from the noysome Pestilence that walketh in darkness and from the destruction that walketh at noon-day so that no evil doth befall us nor any plague come nigh our dwellings but hath satisfied us with long life and shewed us his salvation That he hath not made the Land to spue out her inhabitants CHAP. XXVIII Of the kindes of spiritual mercies to be enumerated THese Temporal favours which we ought thus to enumerate though they are very excellent in themselves and far beyond our deserts yet are common with us to Hypocrites and such as shall hereafter be damned and therefore 't is requisite that we should after a more especial manner magnifie his glorious name for those spiritual mercies that concern our eternity Chiefly for the Lord Jesus Christ the author and finisher of our faith the fountain of all the other mercies which we enjoy For his Birth Incarnation Sufferings Death Resurrection Ascension Intercession with all those unspeakable benefits that we receive by them for blessing us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ. More particularly for those remarkable effects of his love and merits in our 1. Election For that God hath predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself accordng to the good pleasure of his will to the praise of the glory of his grace whereby he hath made us accepted in the beloved and hath from the beginning chosen us to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and beliefe of the truth He might have designed us for vessels of wrath as he did the fallen Angels and then we had been eternally undone without all possible remedy There was nothing to move him in us when we lay altogether in the general heap of mankind It was his own free grace and bounty that made him to take delight in us to chuse us out from the rest and to sever us from those many thousands in the world who shall perish everlastingly 2. Redemption For that incomprehensible miracle of his wisdome and mercy in the contrivance of our redemption by the death of Christ. For he hath redeemed us by the precious blood of his dear Son who is the Image of the invisible God the first-born of every creature who gave himself a ransome for all 3. Vocation That he hath called us by the Gospel to the obtaining of the glory of the Lord Jesus Christ And that with an holy calling not according to our own works but according to his own purpose and grace which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began 4. Justification For pardoning our sins the least of which would have been enough to have undone us to all eternity For that he hath forgiven our trespasses blotting out the hand-writing of Ordinances that was against us which was contrary to us and took it out of the way nailing it to the crosse For the remission of our sins through the blood of Christ according to the riches of his grace wherein he hath abounded towards us in all wisdome and prudence 5. Sanctification For renuing upon our souls in any measure the blessed Image of the Lord Jesus Christ the least glimpse whereof is infinitely more worth then the whole world For that he hath changed our vile natures and made us partakers of the divine nature Of strangers and forreigners raising us up to be fellow-Citizens with the Saints and of the houshold of God Making us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the Saints in light delivering us from the power of darknesse and translating us into the Kingdom of his dear Son And because our Sanctification is considerable both according to the Parts Means of it therefore it may be further amplified from each of these 1. For the Parts of it both in respect of our Judgements Affections Conversations 1. For our Judgements that he hath not given us over to blindnesse of minde a reprobate sense to wilde and desperate errors by which we see so many others deluded but hath in some measure revealed unto us those mysteries of godliness which are hid from many wise and great ones of the world and hath according to his divine power given us all things pertaining to life and godlinesse through the knowledge of him that hath called us to glory and vertue 2. For our Affections That he hath not given us over to hardnesse of heart slightnesse of spirit that he hath in any measure weaned our souls from looking after solid contentment in the creatures and raised them up to any love of holiness any desire of a neerer communion with himself 3. For our Conversations That he hath in any measure enabled us to do him service to renounce the hidden things of dishonesty to walk in some degree as becomes children of light Having no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darknesse not allowing our selves in any course which we know to be unlawful The Means of our Sanctification are principally these five 1. His Spirit to convince direct assist comfort us to prevēt follow us with his grace to support us in afflictions to strengthen us in tēptations to quicken us to duty to seal us up unto the day of redēption 2. His Word so powerful in discerning the thoughts intents of the heart able to make us wise unto salvation being profitable for doctrine for reproof for correction for instruction in righteousnesse that the man of God may be perfect throughly furnished unto all good work for his holy and righteous Law for the many gracious invitations and promises in his Gospel 3. The Sacraments That he hath not left us as strangers without the Covenāt of promise but hath ordained visible signes and seals to represent that to our senses w ch we ought to apprehend by our faith 4. The Sabbaths and publike Ordinances that we have liberty to behold the face of God in his sanctuary and to enquire in his Temple that amidst some outward troubles the bread of adversity and the water of affliction yet our Teachers are not removed into corners but our eyes may see them That vision does not fail in our days that we are not punished with a famine of the Word that the Sun does not go down upon our Prophets 5. The Communion of Saints
A DISCOURSE Concerning the GIFT of PRAYER SHEWING What it is wherein it consists and how far it is attainable by Industry with divers useful and proper directions to that purpose both in respect of Matter Meâ—â—od Expression By John Wilkins D. D. Whereunto may be added ECCLESIASTES OR A Discourse concerning the GIFT of PREACHING by the same AUTHOUR London Printed by T. R. and E. M. for SAMUEL GELLIBRAND at the BALL in Pauls Church-yard 1653. TO THE Reader IT may justly seem a wonder that amongst the vast multitude of Books wherewith the world does abound there should be so little written of this subject here insisted upon being in it self of such great consequence and general concernment There is scarce any kinde of skill or ability which may be taught and learnt but it hath been reduced to an Art and laid down according to some rules and method for the more facil and full comprehension of it How copious are the Treatises concerning humane Oratory and divers have written particularly of the Gift of Preaching besides the many Examples of it in Homilies or Sermons And so likewise for the models or patterns of devotion which are very numerous almost in all Languages But for the Gift of Prayer or the rules whereby a man may be directed to an ability of expressing or pouring out his soul in this duty there is for ought I can finde but little written of it in any â—anguage though it be of such general use for all kinds and professions of men and though the Gift be as much better then the Pattern as the Receipt is better then the Medicine I am very sensible that the performance of this duty in a spiritual manner is by infusion from above and does not fall under the rules of Art but yet there are some special advantages in the performance of it both for the furnishing of the judgement and the exciting of the affections which a man may be supplied with by study and premeditation and the enquiry after these is the proper subject of this discourse Every one will be ready to acknowledge it for an excellent ability when a man can readily sute his desires unto several emergencies and upon any occasion pray without book but many look upon it as being extreme difficult and not for an ordinary person to attaine That which is here endeavoured is to make it plaine and facil There are three special hinderances which do indispose men for this service want of Matter and Order Words for the supply of which here is proposed a copious feild of Matter a regular frame for method and Scripture phrase for Expression which no man need be ashamed to imitate or borrow The knowledge and consideration of these things must needs be very usefull for all callings of men every one being concerned to performe the duty and consequently to labour after the Gift Especially for such whose businesse it is after a more peculiar manner to give themselves unto Prayer and the Mimistery of the Word And amongst these cheifly for such younger unexperienced men who have not their sences exercized to discern what is proper and fitting And therefore when they are put upon this service may be apt by their ignorance in this kinde to prostitute the solemnity of this duty This discourse was at first intended only for private use and direction it was for the substance of it drawn up divers yeers since as it is now represented before I knew so much as any one Author who had formerly attempted this subject Since that I have met with and perused the profitable labours of some others in this kind M r. Elnath Parre M r. Clarke Scultetus I have lâ—kewise consulted such other Treatises as did seem most neerly to border upon it Not neglecting the discourses of those who are stiled Magistri rerum spiritualium concerning the Rules they prescribe for Mental prayer I have formerly published some other preparations of a like nature upon another subject by which I am encouraged unto some hope that this likewise may be acceptable A DISCOURSE Concerning the GIFT of PRAYER CHAP. I. What this Gift is why ascribed to the Spirit the ingredients required to it THe true happinesse of every Christian does properly consist in his spiritual communion with God This Communion is cheifly exercised in those two acts of Religion Prayer Hearing the Word Prayer may be considered under a two-fold notion either as a Duty Gift It is of very great concernment for every man to be rightly acquainted with it in both these respects How it must be performed as a Duty and how it may be attained as a Gift I am at this time to discourse of it only in this latter sence The Gift of Prayer may be thus described It is such a readinesse and faculty proceeding from the Spirit of God whereby a man is inabled upon all occasions in a fitting manner to expresse and to enlarge the desires of his heart in this duty Unto the attaining of this Gift in its true latitude and fulnesse there are three sorts of ingredients required 1. Something to be infused by the Spirit of God who must sanctifie and spiritualize the judgement and affections before we can either apprehend or desire any thing as we should 2. Some natural endowments and abilities disposing us for this Gift as Readinesse of Apprehension Copiousnesse of Phancy Tendernesse of Affection Confidence and volubility of Speech c. which are very great advantages to this purpose being naturally much more eminent in some then in others 3. Something to be acquired or gotten by our own industry Namely such a particular and distinct apprehension both of our sins and wants and the mercies bestowed upon us that we may be able to expresse the thoughts and dispositions of our minds concerning them in such a decent forme as may excite both in our selves and others sutable affections The first of these is by some stiled the Spirit of Prayer the two later the Gift of Prayer the two first of these do not fall under the rules of Art being not to be taught or learnt and therefore to these our endeavours cannot of themselves contribute the one being a special grace the other a common gift of the Spirit grounded upon innate propensity of temper or constitution and so t is the third cheifly that concerns our present inquiry Each of these may be separated from one another There may be true grace in the heart where there is but a very small measure either of this natural or acquired ability And on the other side a man may have the Gift of Prayer who has not the Spirit of Prayer that is there may be a great degree of these common gifts in such as are altogether estranged from the life of grace 'T is probable that Judas was eminent for these and therefore was chose an Apostle and so those others who at the last day shall plead for
creatures all things being put under his feet yet this corruption of our nature hath now made us become more vile then the beasts that perish 'T is the root and the fountaine of all other sin from whence every actual abomination does proceed Atheisme and Pride and basenesse and cruelty and prophanenesse and every other vice which the most wicked wretch in the world is guilty of doth proceed from hence Hell it self which is the proper place of sin is not more full of sin for the kinds of it then our natures are If there be any particular sin which we have not fallen into in our lives 't is not for want of corrupt principles and dispositions in our natures which do incline us to all but by reason of Gods restraining or renuing grace which hath as yet with-held us from them without which we should break out into as great abominations as were ever committed by the vilest of the sons of men All that pravity and basenesse which fils up every part and power about us are but diffusions of our Original corruption what a world of mischief is there in our several parts our Wills Affections our Tongues Eyes And yet all these are but as little rivulets The fountaine or rather the Sea that feeds them is our corrupted nature 'T is this that fils us with enmity against all spiritual truths and Ordinances makes us what we should tremble to think of haters of God though he be the God of our life and of our happinesse in whom we live and move and have our beings Hence is it that when we would do good evil is present with us that we have a law in our members rebelling against the law of our mindes and bringing us into captivity to the law of sin 'T is this that makes us like corrupted vessels to pollute all the gifts that are poured into us those graces and abilities which from God are bestowed upon us pure and excellent when they are by us put forth in duties are not without some favour of our own corruption This containes in it not only an utter deficiency of all good but also a loathing and disliking of it Not only a liablenesse to evil but also an inherent propension and strong desire to it All which is as natural to us as blacknesse to an Ethiopian and like the fretting Leprosie adheres to our natures with so much pertinacy that it cannot be utterly removed while we are on this side the grave till these our earthly tabernacles shall be dissolved No sope or nitre can purge it The general deluge could not wash it away that swept away sinners indeed but not one sinne Neither shall the fire of the last day cleanse it It does totally overspread both our Inward man Outward man 1. Our Inward man is hereby depraved both in respect of 1. Understandings 2. Consciences 3. Affections 4. Wills 5. Memories 1. Our Vnderstandings are hereby become full of vanity inconsideratenesse ignorance neither knowing nor enquiring after God Every thought and imagination of the heart being only evil and that continually So that we are not of our selves sufficient to think any thing that is good being given over to a reprobate minde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a minde void of judgement not liking to retaine God in our knowledge Becoming vain in our imaginations having our wicked hearts darkened Being wise to do evil but fooâ—ish to that which is good Counting the things of God foolishnesse Being carnally minded which is enmity against God For it is not subject to the law of God neither indeed can be Full of pride prejudice and contradiction against all sacred truths setting up our own imaginations and fleshly reasonings against the spiritual notions that are dictated to us Being alienated from the life of God through the blindnesse that is in us 2. Our Consciences are hereby become full of stupidity and insensiblenesse past feeling being feared as with an hot iron Altogether defiled Not performing their office of bearing witnesse accusing or excusing us rightly according to several occasions Being deaf unto every holy suggestion of Gods Spirit secure against all the threats and judgements of the Law 3. Our Hearts and Affections being evil from our youth full of wicked policies and unsearchable deceits Deceitful above all things and desparately wicked who can know them Full of lustings against the Spirit of God Sending forth evil thoughts murthers adulteries fornications thefts false witnesse blasphemies full of folly and madnesse preferring empty transitory contentments before those great matters that concerne our eternity Altogether obdurate against the means of grace not to be wrought upon either by hopes or feares by mercies or judgements slighting the threats of God undervaluing his promises distrusting his power abusing his patience quickly revolting and backsliding from every holy desire Who can say I have made my heart clean I am pure from my sins 4. Our Wills have now lost their first native freedom making us become servants unto sin Bringing us into bondage unto corruption Being full of loathing and aversnesse full of enmity and obstinacy against any thing that is good Casting Gods laws behinde our backs and hating to be reformed 5. Our Memories being naturally very unfaithful and slippery in letting out things that are good but very tenacious in evill matters II. Our outward man which was at first created with a kinde of divine Majesty above the other creatures is now become weak and vile exposed to all manner of infirmities diseases sins So that we are all over nothing else but a body of sin and of death our members being instruments of unrighteousnesse Eyes full of Adultery Pride Envy Eares uncircumcised deaf unto every holy suggestion easily open and attentive to vanities lies slanders Tongues unruly and full of deadly poyson conteining a world of iniquity defiling the whâ—le body setting on fire the course of nature being themselves set on fire of Hell Given to unsavory unedifying discourses revilings prophanenesse blasphemies That which should be our glory the best member that we have is by this Original corruption become the worst defiling all the rest Our Throat being as an open sepulchre with our tongues we use deceit the poison of aspes is under our lips Our mouth is full of cursing and bitternesse our feet are swift to shed blood destruction and misery are in our wayes and the way of peace have we not known there is no fear of God before our eyes All which will yet appear more deformed and loathsome if we look upon our own natures in the rage blasphemies basenesse madnesse of other mens lives There being not any kinde of evil which either man or devil hath committed but there are in our natures the principles and inclinations to it The best of us being by nature as bad as the worst of
after he hath preached unto others he himself may not become a cast-away 2. For his Doctrine that he may study to approve himself unto God a workman that needeth not to be ashamed rightly dividing the Word of truth That he may preach the Word being instant in season and out of season reprove rebuke exhort with all long-suffering and Doctrine with meeknesse instructing those that oppose themselves if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledgement of the truth Feeding the flock of God not by constraint but willingly Not for filthy lucre but of a ready minde That he may speak as the Oracles of God That his doctrine may be in demonstration of the spirit and of power with uncorruptnesse gravity sincerity not as pleasing men but God who tryeth the hearts The People or hearers may be hereby directed to pray for a greater love and esteem of his Word as being the Ordinance of his infinite wisdome which he can make effectual for the Conversion and salvation of souls Considering that the fashion of this world passeth away Pleasures shall die and vanish Honours shall be laid in the dust gold and silver shall rust and canker but the word of God abideth for ever This alone is able to make us wise unto salvation and to save our soules being that word by which we shall be judged at the last day That therefore we may value it above gold and silver finding a relish in it sweeter then the honey and the honey-comb That we may alwayes love the beauty of his house and the place where his honour dwelleth To publish with the voice of Thanksgiving and to tell of all his wondrous works This one thing have I desired of the Lord that will I seek after that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the dayes of my life to behold the beauty of the Lord and to enquire in his Temple Strength and beauty are in his Sanctuary That we may have a greater care to know and practise his will As new borne babes desiring the sincere milk of the Word to grow thereby That he would teach us so to prize and improve the present liberty and Sun-shine of the Gospel that we may be carefull in this our day to lay up for our selves a good foundation against the evil time That we may approach unto this Ordinance with such reverent and prepared affections as may become his more especial presence amongst us Considering our feet when we draw neer before him that he would over-awe our spirits with an holy fear and reverence in the apprehension of his presence and beholding of us who is a God of infinite holinesse and glorious Majesty that we may bow down our souls with a willing subjection unto every sacred truth That he would subdue the pride of our hearts Cast down every imagination that exalteth it selfe against him and bring into subjection every thought unto the obedience of Christ and because the Word of it selfe is but a dead letter and it is not in the power of any outward means the wisdome or preparation of weak sinful man to subdue the power of sin the Kingdome of Satan or to create men in Christ Jesus unto good works that therefore he would be pleased to accompany the outward means by the inward efficacy and operation of his Spirit Man can speak only unto the ear but he can speak unto the heart and 't is as easie for him to make us good as to bid us be so and he hath promised to meet such as desire to wait upon him and to remember him in his wayes That he would remove from our understandings the veile of ignorance and infidelity whereby we are made incapable of spiritual truths that he would take from our affections that natural pravity and malice whereby we are made enemies to spiritual notions that we may receive the truth not only in the light but in the love of it not with-holding any truth in unrighteousnesse That he would strengthen us against all temptations of Satan cares of the world hardnesse of our own hearts or what ever may hinder our profitable and saving hearing That he would take from us all irreverence distraction prejudice dulnesse in hearing of his Word and because it must redound either to the glory of his justice in our farther hardening and final condemnation or to the glory of his mercy in our conversion and salvation that he would therefore sanctifie it to our good that as the rain cometh down from heaven and returneth not thither but watereth the earth and maketh it fruitful so the Word that goeth out of his mouth may not return unto him void but accomplish his good pleasure and prosper in that to which it is sent That it may be unto us sharp as a two-edged sword to the dividing asunder of the soul and spirit the joynts and marrow discovering the very thoughts and intentions of the heart And because Paul may plant and Apollos may water but he only can give the increase That therefore he would be pleased to give a blessing and successe to his own Ordinance That his Word may be unto us a word of power converting the soul and making wise the simple that he would give unto us hearing ears and understanding hearts that we may believe and be saved That he would write his laws in our inward parts That he would open our eyes to behold the wondrous things of his law Incline our hearts to affect direct our steps that we may walke in the paths of his precepts Shew us thy wayes O Lord and teach us thy paths lead us in thy truth and guide us for thou art the God of our salvation Teach us thy wayes O Lord and we will walke in thy truth unite our hearts to fear thy name Shew us the way that we should walk in for we lift up our souls unto thee Teach us to do thy will for thou art our God Let thy good Spirit lead us into the land of uprightnesse That we may behave our selves with humility attention alacrity laying down all high thoughts fleshly reasonings stubborne resolutions being ready to receive with meeknesse the ingraffed word which is able to save our souls That we may enjoy communion with him in his Ordinances that he would fill us with all joy and peace in believing That he would sanctifie our judgements affections memories that we may apprehend and believe and affect and retain those sacred truths that shall be delivered That he would inlighten our mindes open our hearts soften our consciences compose our thoughts to attend unto his Word with meeknesse and faith receiving it into good and honest hearts with full purpose to walk answerably to it in our conversations That Christ may be formed in us that our hearts may be established in every good word
of Prayer with the several degrees or ingredients of it are to be ascribed unto the Spirit of God as being the cheif donor of them 3. This gift of the Spirit is not barely by infusion but by assisting our endeavours by helping together with us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 collaborantes adjuvat He helpeth together with and over against us so the Original word does properly signifie as when another man sets to his shoulder to bear a part with us in the lifting of any burden We must put forth our best endeavours and then we shall not want his assistance The Spirit of God do's ordinarily work by means and 't is an old rule in Divinity Habitus infusi infunduntur per modum acquisitorum Infused habits are usually wrought in us after the same manner as acquired that is gradually and not without humane endeavour and cooperation In the Primitive times indeed when the Church was in its Infancy then the teat was put into their mouthes they were extraordinarily inspired with these gifts by immediate infusions without the usual means of study and labour but that Mannah was only for the Wildernesse when other common wayes could not be made use of whereas when the Church is grown up to the estate of Manhood and is possessed of the Land God does now expect that we should plow and sowe and eat the fruit of the Earth in the sweat of our browes that we should serve his Providence and depend upon him only in the use of means and as children do not learne to speak distinctly but after many trials so neither can a Christian be able as he should to cry Abba Father till he has bestowed some time and experience in the learning of it CHAP. II. Two extreams that make men defective in this Gift Confining themselves wholly to set-formes Depending wholly upon sudden suggestions FRrom what hath been already said 't is easie to inferre that there are two extreams which usually hinder men from a proficiency in this Gift 1. When they so confine themselves to the help of books and particular set-formes as not to aime at or attempt after any farther improvement of their own knowledge and abilities in this kind 2. When men depend altogether upon sudden suggestions as if it were a quenching or confinement of the Spirit to be furnished beforehand with matter or expressions for this service Unto those that erre in the first kinde I would suggest these considerations First by way of concession As for those weaker Christians and new Converts who have not their hearts enlarged with an ability to expresse their own wants and desires 't is both lawful and convenient for such to help themselves not onely in their families but even in their secret performance of this dutie by the use of some good book or prescribed form untill by farther endeavour and experience they may attain unto some measure of this gift Such persons may perhaps finde oftentimes their own case and condition more pithily and affectionately set down in a prayer penn'd by another then they are able to expresse it themselves And if the use of such a form do prove a means to warm their affections and enkindle their graces certainly then it cannot be justly stiled a quenching of the Spirit 'T is not essential unto the nature of prayer that it be either read or rehearsed by memory or by immediate and sudden suggestion these things being such circumstantiall adjuncts as have not any absolute intrinsecall necessity or unlawfulnesse but rather that it be delivered with understanding and suitable affections with humility and confidence and an inward sense of our conditions Nor is there any great difference as they are considered in themselves betwixt repeating by memory and reading out of a Book the memory being but a kinde of invisible Book for the register of our thoughts though in this case it should be specially remembred that in the use of such prescript formes to which a man has been accustomed he ought to be narrowly watchfull over his own heart for fear of that lip-service and formality which in such cases we are more especially exposed unto This I thought good to premise for the removall of prejudice on the one hand But now in the second place for any one so to set down and satisfie himself with his Book-Prayer or some prescript form as to go no farther this were still to remain in his Infancy and not to grow up in his new nature This would be as if a man who had once need of crutches should alwayes afterwards make use of them and so necessitate himself to a continual impotence 'T is the duty of every Christian to grow and increase in all the parts of Christianity as well gifts as graces to exercise and improve every holy gift and not to stifle any of â—hose abilities wherewith God has endowed them Now how can a man be said to live suitable unto these rules who does not put forth himself in some attempts and endeavours of this kinde and then besides how can such a man suit his desires unto several emergencies What one sayes of counsel to be had from books may be fitly applied to this Prayer by book That 't is commonly of it self something flat and dead floating for the most part too much in generalities and not particular enough for each severall occasion There is not that life and vigour in it to engage the affections as when it proceeds immediately from the soul it self and is the natural expression of those particulars whereof we are most sensible And if it be a fault not to strive and labour after this gift much more is it to jeer and despise it by the name of ex tempore Prayer and praying by the Spirit which expressions as they are frequently used by some men by way of reproach are for the most part a sign of a prophane heart and such as are altogether strangers from the power and comfort of this duty Whereas 't is commonly objected by some that they cannot so well joyn in an unknown form with which they are not beforehand acquainted I answer that 's an inconsiderate objection and does oppose all kinde of formes that are not publikely prescribed As a man may in his judgement assent unto any divine truth delivered in a Sermon which he never heard before So may he joyn in his affections unto any holy desire in a Prayer which he never heard before If he who is the mouth of the rest shall through imprudence deliver that which we cannot approve of God does not look upon it as our Prayer if our desires do not say Amen to it If it be again objected that this ability of praying without Book may perhaps be fit for Ministers and such as are of more eminent learning and knowledge but is not to be expected from others I answer 't is true such persons are more especially concerned in this Gift and 't is the greater fault and shame
with some outward conveniencies and help us in our conversing with men whereas this Gift of Prayer is of much higher more universall efficacy and does enable us to converse with God and therefore may much better deserve our enquiry 'T is counted a commendable thing for men to have any special skill in Arts that are meerly for recreation and diversion of the minde How much more in this Gift which is the chief refuge and refreshment of the soul in all its dejections 'T is a desirable thing to be expert in humane Oratory whereby we are able in ordinary affaires to perswade and prevail with men How much more in this divine Oratory which in matters of nearest and greatest concernment does give us power to prevail with God 2. From the suitablenesse and necessity of it in respect of that Religion which we professe unto which this gift is of such great consequence and has such immediate relation An ingenuous man would be ashamed to pretend unto any Art or faculty wherein he is grossely ignorant So may that man be to professe Religion who neglects to attain this Gift A Christian that cannot pray is like an Oratour that cannot speak or a Travellour that cannot go there being no other ability more necessary for us in our particular callings as we are Artists then this is for our general callings as we are Christians Now as a man would be loth either to be or to be accounted ignorant in the mysteries of his profession so should it be a shame to us to be very defective or negligent in this gift 'T is part of our spiritual Armour and for a Souldier to be without any skill in the use of his armes is both an unsuitable and a dangerous condition 3. From the special advantages and fruits of this Gift enabling a man upon all occasions to relate his condition according to the special circumstances of it to suite his desires and expressions according to several emergencies which in the midst of all our dejections and tumultuous thoughts will be a meanes to induce a quietnesse and Serenity of minde if a man can but pour out his soul and lay open his case before God So that by this meanes he may have a continual supply of comfort upon every occasion besides those special raptures and elevations of spirit which men that are much conversant in this duty and inquisitive after this gift shall sometimes be affected with 4. From the inconveniencies that a man shall be exposed unto by the want of it when he is surprised by any sudden exigence or lies under any great strait wherein he cannot expect any help but from the hand of God as who is there that can promise himself a continual freedome from such extremities but that they may at some time or other befall him I say that in such a case a man should not know how to relate his own condition or to bespeak Gods assistance without having recourse to some prescribed forme which perhaps hath no proper reference to the particular occasion How inconvenient and prejudiciall would this be Our liberty of recourse to God in such cases is one of the greatest priviledges of a Christian and therefore our ignorance in the due manner or proper way of this addresse must needs be a great disadvantage there being but little difference betwixt not having a medicine and not knowing how to apply or make use of it True indeed the best men have sometimes found such a straitnesse upon their spirits and such unaptnesse for expressions that they have not been able to pour out their souls in this duty but then they have still complained of this as being a great discomfort and unhappinesse So Hezekiah I did chatter as a Swallow and mourn as a Dove mine eyes fail with looking upwards And David Behold how I mourn in my prayer and make a noise And therefore it must needs be a much greater unhappinesse to be alwayes in this condition and under a continuall disability of expressing our own wants and desires in this duty These particulars rightly considered cannot but inflame our hearts unto an earnest desire of this Gift CHAP. IV. The general directions for the attaining of this Gift Namely Rules and Practice Some particular Rules to engage the affections in this service What we are to do upon any invincible indisposition or aversness from it THe next thing to be discussed is concerning the means or directions for the more facill attaining of this Gift where there are these two general things to be prescribed Namely Rules and Practice which are likewise necessary for all other acquired habits 1. Without Rules a man will be apt to go compasse and roving in the enquiry after this Gift not the shortest and most proper way 2. Without frequent Practice according to these Rules he shall never attain this habit 'T is not the bare knowledge of a way without walking in it that will bring a man to his journeys end Habits are both acquired and improved by exercise Those things that we learn for practice we learn by practice saith the Philosopher And that is one reason why many ignorant men do sometimes in this Gift excell those that are much more eminent for learning and knowledge because though these do better understand the Rules and Theory yet the other do practise more and by that means attain to a greater readiness and facility in this gift and this likewise is the reason why in these later times divers men have attained to a greater preheminence this way then was usuall heretofore because formerly this kinde of study and endeavour was lesse in use Men did generally confine themselves to particular forms and did not make it their businesse to improve in this ability The Rules to this purpose are chiefly of two kindes Namely such as concern 1. The stirring up of the affections 2. The informing and furnishing of the judgement 1. 'T is convenient that the affections should be so engaged in this service as that they may lead the way and guide us both in our matter and expression to which purpose the most proper means wil be to get a clear and distinct apprehension of our own conditions in these two respects 1. In respect of that necessity that lyes upon us 2. In regard of that possibility which there is of obtaining by this means help and supply These two arguments will be of greatest efficacy to excite the affections 1. We must labour to work in our selves a true sense of our own necessity A Malefactor that is presently to be sentenced and executed will not need any prompter to quicken his desire of pardon Men that are in such a condition saith Parisiensis Nullum habent Doctorem qui illos suppâ—icare doceat precari non habent librum quem inspitientes accipiant inde disertitudinem illam deprecationis will not need any Master to teach them how to supplicate nor any book out of
to quicken and confirme his faith to perswade the possibility of obtaining help by this duty And that is another good means of engaging the affections upon this service Sometimes indeed the Spirit of God may raise in a man such vigorous inlargements of heart that he shall not need any distinct application of his thoughts to these rules but at other times when he is more heavy and indisposed then ought he to be the more careful in using these means when the winde does not blow to help us by the sailes we must ply the oares so much the harder But now if notwithstanding all our endeavours in this kinde we do still finde in our selves a barrennesse distraction and aversnesse from this service as that may be frequently our condition in this case there are these two remedies to be considered 1. Bewaile and pray against that indisposition in particular and though you can say nothing else yet say this O Lord as this coldnesse and deadnesse of heart is my fault so I desire to repent of it and to be humbled for it but as it is thy will and chastisement most justly inflicted for my former negligence and formality so I desire to submit unto it thy will be done but yet I will not cease to beg pardon for it and power against it A man does not only then pray well when his devotions are accompanied with some special comforts and inlargements but then also when he is sensible of much coldnesse and indisposition The right performance of this duty does not so much consist in the acts of the sensitive appetite as in the regulating of the will As God takes the Will for the deed in sinful actions so much more in good duties as being more ready to reward then to punish 2. What you want in the degrees of your duty be careful to make up in your humility and this will be the most proper improvement of all our failings when we can strengthen our selves by our very infirmities O Neminem à Deo derelictum quando etiam vilitas ipsum seminarium est sublimitatis saith one of the Ancients That man has no great reason to complain of desertions who can by them take advantage to improve his graces and raise himself by his very falls Our most inlarged devotions are nothing worth without this fruit of humble and upright conversations and with this consequent our coldest most restrained prayers may be looked upon as succesfull Thus much for the first sort of rules that concern the stirring up of our affections CHAP. V. Other Rules to furnish the Judgement in respect of Matter Method Expression THe second kinde of Rules for the attaining of this Gift are such as concerne the furnishing the Judgement both in respect of Matter Method Expression Answerable to these three defects that men usually complain of Namely 1. Drynesse or emptinesse for want of Matter 2. Confused tumultuary repetitions or digressions for want of Order 3. Crude unseemly improper phrase for want of fitting Expression Whereas on the contrary each of these may be remedied if a man be furnished with 1. A treasury of Matter This will help us in the inlarging of our affections preventing empty and needlesse repetitions making the mouth to speak from the abundance of the heart 2. A fitting Method will teach us how to guide and regulate our thoughts that they may be delivered in their true place and order without unseemly hudling or impertinent digressions 3. An expertnesse in proper phrase and expression will inable a man so to deliver his thoughts as that they shall make reflexion back upon his own heart and have more powerful efficacy upon others Now for the fitting of the judgement in these respects there are these directions to be observed 1. For the supply of Matter a man should be carefull to keep by him some register of the most remâ—rkable passages of his life both in respect of Gods dealing with him amd his carriage towards God Having severall Catalogues or Common-place-heads unto which the emergencies of these divers natures may be distinctly reduced This I conceive to be the meaning of those places that speak of watching unto prayer and thanksgiving which do not only signifie a diâ—igence in respect of the act or exercise of this dutie but likewise a care of improving in the habit or gift of it A vigilancy in observing and gathering up fit matter for our Confessions Petitions Thanksgivings according as our daily occasions and the severall conditions of our lives may require Mark your sins and defects your sufferings and wants your mercies and enjoyments make a distinct register of them that you may have them in readiness upon any special occasion 'T is usuall for younger students to be very carefull in gathering of Common-place books for other matters of which notwithstanding when they come to riper judgements they will finde but very little use But now of how much greater advantage would it be if they were but diligent to collect under proper references any such particular matter or expressions in Prayer wherewith at any time they finde themselves to be more especially affected It would very much conduce to the promoting of this gift if men would first propose to themselves some brief Systeme or Logicall frame as suppose this that follows or the like containing distinctly the chief parts to be insisted upon in prayer And then use each of these as a severall head of reference by way of common-place to which they might reduce any more pertinent observable passage which they shall either hear or read This course industriously observed might probably in a short space raise a man to a great abilitie in this kinde and would be a good meanes to preserve the memory of such passages as we have at any time experimented to be more especially quickning and efficacious upon our own hearts which otherwise we are so easily apt to forget If any shall object that this course will require much studie and care 'T is considerable that no eminent gift in any kinde is attained without proportionable diligence He that would be expert in any other common ability whether pleading disputing c. must apply himself to those Arts and exercises whereby they are to be learnt and therefore much lesse should a man grudge his pains in such a weighty businesse of more then ordinary consequence Men that would be thought wary and thriving in the world are thus observant of their temporall estates keeping Books of accompt for their revenues and expences And why should not those who would be thought truly religious be as watchfull and observant of their spirituall conditions 2. For Method though there may be several kindes of it yet that is to be esteemed the best wherein these rules are most closely observed Namely 1. That it be Comprehensive and take in all the parts 2. That generals be mentioned first and particulars after 3. That things of the same kinde and
Scripture-expression To which purpose there are divers instances for each of the foregoing heads that may be observed and collected from severall books in Scripture All prohibitions and threats will administer both matter and phrase unto Confession and Deprecation All precepts and promises unto comprecation and thanksgiving Besides that it is easie to reduce the usuall expressions of other kindes to be proper and helpfull unto this purpose There are two extreams to be avoided in our Expression Namely Negligence Affectation 1. Negligence when men vent their thoughts in a rude improper unseemly phrase as if they had no awe upon their spirits and did not care how they spake 2. Affectation either of too much neatnesse and elegance or else of a mystical kind of phrase not to be found either in Scripture or any sober writer though much in fashion amongst some men in these times which it may be sounds well to vulgar ears but being reduced into plain English will appear to be wholly empty and to signifie nothing or else to be full of vain repetitions Each of these extreames will be apt to nauseat an intelligent hearer and is very unsuitable to the solemnity of this duty There are some Rhetorical ornaments and varieties in the manner of expression which may be very proper and powerful both for the expressing and exciting our affections such are these four 1. Exclamations which serve to set forth an affectionate wonder Psal. 31.19 O! how great is thy goodnesse which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee before the sons of men Rom. 7.24 O wretched man that I am who shall c. 2. Expostulations which are fit to expresse any deep dejection of minde So Psal. 77.8 Will the Lord cast us off for ever and will he be no more intreated Is his mercy clean gone c. Psal. 80.4 O Lord God of Hosts how long wilt thou be angry against thy people that prayeth c. Psal. 44.24 Wherefore hidest thou thy face and forgettest our affliction and our oppression 3. Option Fit to set forth serious and earnest desires Job 6.8 O that I might have my request and that God would grant me the thing that I long for that it would please him c. Psal. 119.5 O that my wayes were so directed that I might keep thy statutes 4. Ingemination which argues eager and inflamed affections Psal. 94.1 2. O Lord God to whom vengeance belongeth O God to whom vengeance belongeth shew thy selfe lift up thy self thou Judge of the earth c. Dan. 9.19 O Lord hear O Lord forgive O Lord hearken and do deferre not for thine own sake O my God He that will seriously endeavour and accustome himself to deliver his thoughts in a proper full significant expression and to be well acquainted with those many examples which the Scripture does afford to this purpose such an one may by practice and experience arrive to a good ability and readinesse in this kinde CHAP. VI. Concerning the most proper materials for the Preface HAving in the former Chapter laid down some directions in reference to the Order and disposition of parts to be observed in this duty I come in the next place to treat concerning the amplification of these severall parts and to shew how the Scripture will afford various matter for the enlargement of each of them So that any one who will be but carefull to collect any other apposite matter or observation that he shall meet with and amongst these to refer it under its proper head such a one may quickly be furnished with a very copious Treasury to this purpose The first thing to be thought of in composing a form of prayer is the Preface The most necessary and chief materials for a Preface were formerly specified to be four I. The titles of Invocation or the stile of salutation wherein we bespeak the person whom we pray unto who should be expressed by such divine compellations as may excite in our hearts either some or all of those affections that are more especially required in this duty These Compellations may consist either of 1. Gods Names or Titles 2. His Attributes or Properties 3. His Promises or Threats 4. His Works or wayes By all of which he hath been pleased after a more special manner to declare and make himself known In the choice of these we should select such as may be most suitable unto that frame and temper of minde required in that kinde or part of Prayer which we have occasion to insist more largely upon As the matter of fire is so it burneth saith the son of Syrach so from the divers meditations of God will arise divers affections towards him 1. The consideration of his infinite Power Wisdome Holinesse Justice Omnipresence Majesty c. is apt to produce in us reverence shame fear sorrow and the other affections of this nature which are most suitable to the businesse of Confession 2. The thought of his Mercy Truth Patience is fit to excite Faith and Hope and consequently is proper for the duty of Petition 3. The meditation of his bounty and goodness will provoke Love and Gratitude and is therefore fit to prepare us for Thanksgiving According as our thoughts are severally fixed upon any of these so may our affections be disposed and qualified in our prayers unto him To this purpose 't is convenient that we take special notice of those divine Titles and Attributes in Scripture which may be most suitable to such various occasions 1. Of the first kinde are such as these Ps. 24.7.10 The King of glory Isa. 1.24 The Lord the Lord of Hosts the mighty one of Israel Rev. 19.16 The King of kings and Lord of lords Exo. 15.11 Who is glorious in holinesse fearful in praises doing wonders Num. 16.22 The God of the spirits of all flesh Deut. 4.24 Who is a consuming fire even a jealous God Deut. 10.17 The God of gods and Lord of lords a great God mighty and terrible which regardeth not persons neither taketh rewards Deut. 32.4 Whose works are perfect and his ways judgement A God of truth and without iniquity just and right 1 Sam. 4.4 1 King 8.27 The Lord of Hosts who dwelleth between the Cherubims whom the Heaven of Heavens cannot containe 1 King 19 15. O Lord God of Israel which dwelleth between the Cherubims thou art the God even thou alone of all the Kingdomes of the Earth thou hast made Heaven and Earth 2 Chron. 20.6 Who ruleth over all the Kingdomes of the Earth in whose hand there is power and might so that none is able to withstand him Before whom no unclean thing should enter 2 Chron. 23.19 1 Chron. 28.9 Who searchest all hearts and understandest all the imaginations of the thoughts 1 Chron. 29.11 The Lord God of Israel to whom belongeth greatnesse and power and glory and victory and Majesty for all that is in the Heaven and in
4 5. Who will bring to light the hidden things of darknesse and will make manifest the counsels of the heart Eph. 1.11 Who doth every thing according to the counsel of his own will Eph. 3.20 Who is able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we can ask or think Col. 1.16 By whom all things were created that are in heaven and earth visible and invisible whether they be Thrones or Dominions or Principalities or Powers 1 Tim. 1.17 Who is the King eternal immortal invisible the only wise God Ch. 6.15 The blessed and only Potentate the King of kings and Lord of lords Vers. 16. Who only hath immortality dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto whom no man hath seen or can see Heb. 4.13 In whose sight there is no creature that is not manifest but all things are naked and opened unto the eye of him to whom we have to do Heb. 13.8 Rev. 6.15 Who is yesterday to day and the same for ever At whose dreadful appearance the Kings of the earth and the great men and the rich men and the chief Captains and the mighty men shall be willing to hide themselves in the dens and in the rocks of the mountaines Vers. 16. Crying to the mountaines and rocks Fall on us and hide us from the face of him that sits upon the Throne and from the wrath of the Lamb. II. Invocations of the second sort are such Scripture-expressions as these Ex. 34.6 The Lord the Lord God merciful and gracious long-suffering and abundant in goodnesse and truth Vers. 7. Keeping mercy for thousands forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin Neh. 9.17 Who is a God ready to pardon gracious and merciful slow to anger and of great kindnesse Psal. 9.9 Who is a refuge for the oppressed a refuge in time of trouble Verse 10. Who will never forsake them that seek him Psal. 33.4 Whose word is right and all his works are done in truth Verse 18. Whose eye is upon them that fear him and upon them that hope in his mercy Verse 19. To deliver their souls from death and to keep them alive in famine Psal. 34.8 9. Who will not suffer them to want that fear and trust in him Verse 15. Whose eyes are upon the righteous and his ears are open to their cry Verse 17. To hear deliver them out of all their troubles Verse 18. Who is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit Verse 22. Who will redeem the soul of his servants and none of them that trust in him shall be desolate Psal. 36.5 Whose mercy is in the heavens and his faithfulnesse reacheth to the clouds Verse 6. Whose righteousnesse is like the great mountains and whose judgements are a great deep who preserveth man and beast Psal. 46 1. Our refuge and strength a very present help in trouble Psal. 65.2 The God that heareth Prayers unto whom all flesh should come Verse 5. The confidence of all the ends of the earth and of them that are afar off upon the sea Psal. 72.12 Who delivereth the needy when he crieth the poor also and him that hath no helper Verse 14. Who shall redeem their soul from deceit and violence and precious shall their blood be in his sight Ps. 103.8 Who is merciful and gracious slow to anger and plenteous in mercy Verse 9. Who will not alwayes chide neither will he keep his anger for ever Verse 10. Who does not deal with us after our sins nor reward us according to our iniquities Verse 13. Like as a father pitieth his children so the Lord pitieth them that feare him Verse 14. He knows our frame he remembers that we are but dust Verse 17. Whose mercy is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that feare him and his righteousnesse unto childrens children Verse 18. To such as keep his Covenant and to those that remember his Commandments to do them Ps 145.8 Who is gracious and full of compassion slow to anger and of great mercy Verse 9. Who is good to all and his tender mercies are over all his works Verse 18. Who is nigh unto them that call upon him to all that call upon him in truth Verse 19. He will fulfill the desires of them that fear him he also will hear their cry and will help them Isa. 51.6 Though the heavens shall vanish away like smoke and the earth shall waxe old like a garment and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner Yet his salvation shall be for ever and his righteousnesse shall not be abolished Isa. 66.2 Who hath great regard to them that are poor and of a contrite spirit and tremble at his Word Jer. 14.8 Who is the hope of Israel and the Saviour thereof in time of trouble Ezek. 33.11 Who hath no pleasure in the death of the wicked but rather that he should turn from his way and live Mich. 7.18 Who is a God like unto thee that pardoneth iniquity and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage who retaineth not his anger for ever because he delighteth in mercy Verse 19. Who will turn again and have compassion upon us subduing our iniquities and casting all our sins into the depths of the sea Mat. 18.20 Who hath promised where two or three are gathered together in his name to be in the midst of them Rom. 2.4 Who does abound in riches of goodnesse and forbearance and long sufferance which should lead us to repentance Who is rich unto all that call upon him Rom. 10.12 2 Cor. 1.3 Eph. 1.17 Who is the Father of mercies and the God of all comfort The God of our Lord Jesus Christ the Father of glory Jam. 1.17 The Father of lights from whom every good and perfect gift doth come with whom there is no variablenesse neither shadow of turning 2 Pet. 3.9 Who is not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance III. Divine compellations of the third sort may be derived from such Scriptures as these Neh. 1.5 Who keepeth Covenant and mercy for them that love him and observe his Commandments Job 5.19 Who will deliver us in six troubles yea in seven there shall no evill touch us Verse 20. Who in famine shall redeem us from death and in war from the power of the sword O thou Preserver of men Job 7.20 Psalm 8.1 O Lord our Lord how excellent is thy name in all the world Psalm 18.2 My rock my fortresse and my deliverer my God my strength in whom I will trust my buckler the horne of my salvation and my high tower Verse 3. Who is worthy to be praised Ps. 19.14 Ps. 22.9 10 My strength and my Redeemer Who tookest me out of the wombe and hast been my hope and my God since I was upon my mothers breast Psal. 27.9 The God of my salvation Psal. 33.5 Who loveth righteousnesse and judgement and the earth is full of his goodnesse Verse 12. Blessed
Man is like to vanity his dayes are as a shadow that passeth away Isa. 2.22 Whose breath is in his nostrils and wherein is he to be accounted of Isa. 40.17 All Nations before him are as nothing and counted to him lesse then nothing Prodigal children unprofitable servants of polluted lips and uncircumcised hearts c. 1 Tim. 1.15 The chief of sinners III. III. An expression of our purpose to approach unto him in this duty That we do desire Psal. 95.6 To worship and fall down and kneel before the Lord our Maker Num. 5.15 Num. 29.7 Jer. 17.17 To bring our iniquity to rememberance To afflict our souls in his sight To make him our hope and refuge in the day of evill To seek his face to meet him in his wayes To speak good of his Name To wait upon him in his Ordinances Psal. 65.4 To approach before him in his courts that we may be satisfied with the goodnesse of his house even of his holy Temple Psal. 66.2 To set forth the honour of his Name and make his praise glorious Verse 8. To blesse our God and make the voice of his praise to be heard Psal. 96.8 To give unto the Lord the glory due unto his Name to bring an offering and come into his Courts Verse 9. Psal. 99.5 To worship the Lord in the beauty of holinesse To exalt the Lord our God and to worship at his footstool Psal. 116.17 Verse 18. To offer unto him the sacrifice of thanksgiving and to call upon the name of the Lord. To pay our vowes unto the Lord in the presence of his people in the Courts of the Lords house Ps. 138.2 To worship towards his holy Temple and to praise his Name for his loving kindnes and for his truth Ps. 145.5 To speak of the glorious honour of his Majesty and of his wonderous works IV. IV. A desire of his assistance acceptance and attention that we may be enabled to performe this duty in an acceptable manner with such holy affections as he hath required Rom. 8.26 Rom. 5.5 Isa. 64.7 That his good spirit may help our infirmities and make intercession for us That he would shed abroad his love in our hearts and stir up our souls to lay hold of him Ps. 51.15 That he would open our lips that our mouthes may shew forth his praise Isa. 45.19 That we may not seek his face in vain Ps. 80.18 That he would quicken us to call upon his name Verse 19. That he would cause his face to shine upon us and lift up the light of his countenance 1 Kings 8.28 Have thou respect unto the prayer of thy servant and to his supplication to hearken unto the cry and to the Prayer which thy servant prayeth before thee to day Verse 30. Hear thou in Heaven thy dwelling place and when thou hearest forgive 2 Kings 19.16 Lord bow down thine eares and hear open Lord thine eye and see Neh. 1.6 Let thine ear now be attentive and thine eyes open that thou mayst hear the prayer of thy servant Psal. 5.1 Give ear to my words O Lord consider my meditation Vers. 2. Hearken to the voice of my cry my King and my God for unto thee will I pray Psal. 18.6 That he would hear our voice out of his holy Temple and let our cry come before him even into his ears Ps. 19.14 That the words of our mouths and the meditations of our hearts may be alwayes acceptable in his sight Psal. 27.7 Hear O Lord when I cry with my voice have mercy also upon me and answer me Ps. 55.1.2 Give ear to my prayer O God and hide not thy self from my supplication Attend unto me and hear me Psal. 88.2 Let my Prayer come before thee incline thine ear unto my cry Psal. 130 2 Lord hear my voice let thine ear be attentive to the voice of my supplication Psal. 141.2 Let my Prayer be set forth before thee as Incense and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice Psal. 143.1 Hear my Prayer O Lord give ear to my supplications in thy faithfulnesse answer me and in thy righteousnesse Vers. 7. Hear me speedily O Lord my spirit faileth hide not thy face from me lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit Isa 63.15 Look down from Heaven and behold from the habitation of thy holinesse and of thy glory Some one or more of these Particulars may upon several occasions afford fitting matter for a Preface which is the first thing to be considered and inlarged in conceiving a form of Prayer CHAP. VII Confession of sins by enumeration of them and first of Original sin NExt to the Preface Confession does according to the more usual and ordinary course succeed The first thing to be confessed in the Enumeration of sin as is before expressed in the scheme of Confession is Original sin Whereas God at first made man upright he hath since corrupted himself by seeking out many inventions He planted our first Parents a noble Vine a right seed but they quickly turned into degenerate plants of a strange Vine So that we are transgressors from the wombe Being shapen in iniquity and conceived in sin A seed of evill doers children that are corrupters Branches of the wild Olive Being naturally dead in trespasses and sins Children of wrath bearing about us the old man A body of sin and of death A law of our members Being born only of the flesh Having sin that dwels in us And is alwayes present with us And doth so easily beset us This Originall sin hath been propagated to us both by Imputation Real Communication 1. By Imputation of Adams particular transgression in eating the forbidden fruit for we were legally parties in that Covenant which was at first made with him and therefore cannot but expect to be liable unto the guilt which followed upon the breach of it By one man sin entred into the world and death by sin and so death passed upon all men 2. By reall Communication of evil concupiscence and depravation upon our natures which was the consequent of the first rebellion We were all of us naturally in our first Parents as the streams in the fountaine or the branches in the root and therefore must needs partake the same corrupted nature with them For who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean And what is man that he should be clean or he that is borne of woman that he should be righteous This might justly make us more loathsome and abominable in Gods eyes then either Toads or Vipers or any other the most venomous hurtfull creatures are in ours and for this alone he might justly cut us off and condemne us though it were meerly for the prevention of that mischief and enmity against him which the very principles of our natures are infected with Though man were at first made little lower then the Angels being crowned with glory and honour having dominion over the other
beleeving prizing it as being of such great efficacy and necessity for our everlasting well-beings able to save our souls Bringing with them much carnal security which makes them without any desire or care to profit by it much impenitence and hardnesse of heart Not without some secret resolutions of continuing in their former courses whatever shall be said to the contrary Many worldly cares and thoughts with high conceits of their own sufficiencies prejudice against their Teachers curiosity not to learn but to censure itching ears rather to please the fancy then reforme the life Not hearkning to it without much irreverence distraction infidelity misapplication obstinacy dulnesse wearinesse Not receiving it into a good and honest heart with desire to retain and practise it Not careful after they have heard it to root and fix it in their hearts by Prayer Meditation Conference Not expressing the fruits of it in their conversation slighting those many gracious opportunities wherein God hath reached forth unto them the proffers of mercy and salvation and though he hath with much patience waited for their amendment yet they have still hardened their hearts and notwithstanding the former and the latter raine do remain like dry stakes in an hedge barren and fruitlesse without any spiritual life or growth answerable to the means which they have had 3. For the Sacraments Baptisme Supper of the Lord. Our slighting and renouncing that Covenant which we made in Baptisme abusing that good profession which we have professed before many witnesses Not walking as those that have been received into the bosome of the Church and distinguished from others that are without Not fighting against the world the flesh and the Devil as becomes such as are listed into the number of Christs faithful souldiers and servants And so for the Sacrament of Christs body and blood our not hungring and thirsting after it not partaking of it so frequently as our necessities and opportunities have required When we have approached unto it have we been careful beforehand to set any solemne time apart for the fitting of our selves unto so holy a work have we not been unwilling to ransack and examine the secret corners of our hearts to finde out and to purge out those particular bosome-sins unto which our natures do most incline us after a more especial manner to excite and stir up in our selves the graces of Gods holy Spirit to renue those conditions of the Covenant required on our parts Faith and Repentance In the receiving of the Sacrament have we noâ— been too apt to slight and dis-esteem it as if iâ— were but an empty common ceremony have we behaved our selves with so much fear and reverence as might become such a sacred mystery with such spiritual joy and delight aâ— should be in those who are fit guests for thaâ— table After the receipt of it have we not quicklâ— forgotten our good resolutions relapsed intâ— our old sins again not feeling or regarding anâ— such comfort or profit as is promised to thâ— right partaking of this ordinance have we noâ— often eat and drunk unworthily and consequenâ—â—ly eat and drunk judgement to our selves becoming guilty of the body and blood of Christ doing that horrid act which we so much detested in the Jews crucifying again our blessed Saviour and by slighting the proffers of mercy in this Sacrament doing as much as in us lies to make his Passion of none effect CHAP. X. Sins against the third and fourth Commandment THe third Commandment does forbid the abuse of Gods name By the Name of God we are to understand any thing whereby he may be known as his Titles Attributes Ordinances Works So that we sin against this Commandment by wicked Oaths Cursed execrations unlawfull Vowes every light irreverent mention of God all such idle words as do no way tend to the sanctifying of his name By breaking the Vow of our Baptisme neglecting all those good promises and resolutions which since we have made Dealing falsly in our Covenants when our heart is not set aright and our spirit not stedfast with God By our not acknowledging and effectual remembrance of his holy titles and attributes as we have had occasion Not delighting to speak good of his name and to make his praise glorious By an irreverent and customary mention of his great and glorious name upon trivial occasions By our not thinking and speaking of his word so frequently with that holinesse and reverence as we should sometimes pretending to declare his statutes and to take his Covenant into our mouths whereas we hate instruction and cast his Law behinde us By our Carelesnesse in vindicating the glory of his Name and truths when they are vilified by others By prophaning our profession of Christianity with an unholy conversation Not behaving our selves so sincerely in regard of God nor so inoffensively in respect of men as we should By defacing his glorious image instamped upon us in our Creation Becoming more vile and foolish then the beasts that perish In our regeneration relapsing into the sins of our unregeneracy Not walking worthy of that vocation whereunto we are called By our carelesnesse in discovering and acknowledging the divine power and wisdome in those special passages of his providence which befal us The fourth Commandment does forbid all carelesnesse in sanctification of Sabbaths Ordinary Extraordinary So that we sin against this when we do not remember to keep the Lords day holy that is when we are not mindful beforehand to prevent and avoid all such businesses as may distract us in those duties that belong unto this day When we our selves do not rest from our usual works and sinful desires but mis-spend much of that precious time in idlenes and vanity or else satisfying our selves in a superstitious customary observation of the outward rest without regarding the means or the works of sanctification When we are not careful to prepare our selves for publike duty by praying for Ministers in general that God would endow them with fitting gifts and abilities prospering their endeavours by giving happy successe unto their Ministery More particularly for the Pastor to whose charge we belong that God would direct him to speak unto our hearts and consciences When we are careless in the performing of our publike duties not with so much reverence sincerity spiritualnesse attention as we should When we are negligent in looking to those that are under us who by our carelesness or connivance may be incouraged to the Prophanation of this day When we faile in those private duties thâ—â— concern the Sanctification of the Sabbath Meditation of the Word we hear Searching the Scriptures to prove the truth of it Application of it to our selves examining our own hearts private prayer conference whetting the Law upon one another mutually exhorting and stirring up each other unto holy duties contemplating the creatures and the Providence of God
seemeth good unto him That we may be constant universal sincere in our obedience Walking before him in truth and with a perfect heart and may do that which is good in his sight That in the generall course of our lives we may demean our selves in a setled regular way of submission and obedience having respect to all Gods Commandments Obeying from the heart the forme of doctrine delivered to us Following the Lord fully walking exactly and precisely before him That we may have not only the forme of godlinesse but the power also That we may sanctifie the Lord God of Hosts making him our fear and our dread considering that the end of all things is at hand when we must all appear before his dreadful tribunal every one to receive according to that he hath done in his body whether it be good or bad That we may be lesse afraid of other matters that cannot hurt us men that shall die and the sons of men that shall be made as grasse but may chiefly fear him who is able to destroy both body and soul in hell Behaving our selves as being alwayes in his sight and presence as considering that our most secret bosome-sins which with such Art and care we have endeavoured to conceal from men are all of them naked and open in his sight before whom we must be judged at the last day That we may be humble before him ascribing nothing to our own power or merit That our hearts may not be lifted up to forget the Lord nor our mindes hardened in pride as considering that his soul which is lifted up is not upright in him And that if any man think himself to be something when indeed he is nothing he deceives himself That we may be clothed with humility counting it our safest defence and most comely ornament That we may not mind high things nor be wise in our own conceits Considering the basenesse of our Originall the many diseases and miseries which our bodies are liable unto the sinful and slavish condition of our souls our nothingnesse as creatures our vilenesse as sinners CHAP. XIX What are we directed to pray for out of the second Commandment THe second Commandment does enjoyn us to worship God after such a spiritual manner and by such holy means as is agreeable to his Nature and required in his Word So that from hence we are taught to pray for the direction and asistance of his Spirit in all our holy duties that he would work in us an holy frame and temper of heart without which 't is not possible for us to performe any acceptable service That he would quicken our affections to a greater fervency and delight in our attendance upon him That he would make us more careful in enjoying and increasing our communion with him by a conscionable observance of all those holy ordinances which he hath appointed particularly 1. Prayer 2. Ministery of the Word 3. Receiving of the Sacraments 1. That he would poure upon us the Spirit of prayer and supplication make us diligent and constant in our Publick Private devotions that we may accustome our selves to them with a greater forwardnesse and delight as being the chief means to ease our hearts of all troubles and sorrow to fill up our joy That we may be more solemn and reverent in our approaches before him as considering that we who are but dust and ashes vile despicable creatures are to speak unto that dreadful Majesty before whom all the world shall be judged at the last day That we may be more vigilant over our own hearts in respect of roving distracted thoughts which are so apt to interrupt us in this duty That we may stir up our selves to lay hold on God and set our faces to seek him Not pouring out words onely but our souls before him Serving him in our spirits Drawing near unto him with a true heart sprinkled from an evill conscience That he would be pleased to assist us and to accept of us in this duty Shedding abroad his love in our hearts Opening our lips that our mouths may shew forth his praise And then that the words of our mouths and the meditations of our hearts may be alwayes acceptable in his sight That we may confesse our sins with a greater sense and sorrow for them feeling in our selves a greater loathing and detestation of them Acknowledging our transgressions and setting our sins before us Abhorring our selves for them and repenting in dust and ashes That we may put up our petitions with a greater faith and fervency as being truly sensible of our own wants and those gracious promises which he hath made for the supply of them Drawing near in the full assurance of faith nothing wavering Asking such things as are according to his will That his Spirit may help our infirmities and make intercession for us and that he would remember the promise which he hath made to be nigh unto them that call upon him in truth and to fulfill the desire of those that fear him That we may give thanks with greater chearfulnesse and love and sense of his favours with such heartinesse and fervency as may be in some measure proportionable to our importunity in the want of mercies That we may be ready to speak the praises of our God whilest we have any being that our meditations of him may be sweet and we may be glad in the Lord. That we may retain a relish and taste of this holy duty in our mindes after the performance of it behaving our selves answerably in the course of our lives observing what return is made to our prayers Hearkening what God the Lord will say Considering the several wayes and dispensations of his providence towards us that we may understand the loving kindnesse of the Lord. This Commandment does likewise concerne the duties which belong to that other Ordinance the Ministery of the word in reference both to Minister People The Minister may hereby be directed to pray that God would endow him with all those graces and abilities which may fit him for the discharge of his calling both in respect of his Life Doctrine that he may both save himself and them that hear him 1. For his Life That he may shew himself as a pattern of good works Of a blamelesse conversation not self-willed not soon angry Not given to wine no striker not given to filthy lucre but a lover of good men sober just holy temperate gentle unto all men apt to teach patient Renouncing the hidden things of dishonesty Not walking in craftinesse but by manifestation of the truth commending himself unto every mans conscience in the sight of God Behaving himself as a steward of the mysteries of God Not seeking so much his own profit as the profit of many that they may be saved that
in his corrections To observe and understand his meaning in the troubles that befal us that we may accordingly apply our selves to meet him in his ways These occasions for particular intercession are distinguishable into several kindes comprehending all manner of inward or outward exigences all difficulties and doubts in respect of any weighty businesse or temptation but the two chief kinds of them are troubles of conscience sicknesse of body 1. If the occasion be trouble of Conscience and spiritual desertions in such cases the petitions arguments before-mentioned in our deprecation against the guilt of sin are fitly applyable to which may be added such other desires as these That God would inable them to beleeve and consider that feares and doubts and temptations are an unavoidable part of our Christian warfare that not only his dearest servants Job David c. but also his only Sonne Christ himself hath suffered under them That he being touched with a feeling of our infirmities might be ready to help us in the time of need That God is faithful and will not suffer us to be tempted above what we are able but will with the temptation also make away to escape that we may be able to bear it He hath promised that he will not contend for ever nor be alwayes wroth lest the spirits of men should fail before him the souls which he hath made that though for a small moment he doth forsake us yet with great mercies will he gather us though in a little wrath he doth hide his face from us for a moment yet with everlasting kindnes will he have mercy upon us The Lord upholdeth those that fall and raiseth up all those that be bowed down He is nigh unto them that be of a broken heart and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit That as for our infirmities the best men in this life are not without them nor shall they be imputed to us If we do that which we would not it is no more we that do it but sin that dwelleth in us as for our wilful sins if they be particularly repented of and forsaken though they be as red as scarlet yet he will purge us from them if we do count them as a burden and come unto Christ for help he will ease us of them That God in the New Covenant does undertake for both parts that our hopes are not now to be grounded upon our own works or sufficiency but upon the infallible promise of God and the infinite merits of Christ that if we were without sin or could do any thing perfectly we should not in that respect have need of a Mediatour From all which considerations those who are afflicted with spiritual desertions may receive sufficient comfort in respect of their sins past and for the future we should pray in their behalf That God would inable them to put on the breast-plate of faith and love and for an helmet the hope of salvation That they may labour to keep a good conscience to be observant of all those experimenss which they have had of Gods love unto them for experience worketh hope Unto this head concerning comfort against the dejections of mind and trouble of conscience those expressions of the Psalmist may be fitly applied My soul is sore vexed but thou O Lord how long Return O Loâ—d deliver my soul O save me for thy mercy sake Turn thee unto me and have mercy upon me for I am desolate and afflicted the troubles of my heart are enlarged O bring thou me out of my distresses look upon mine affliction my pain forgive me all my sins O keep my soul and deliver me let me not be ashamed for I put my trust in thee Let integrity and uprightnes preserve me O hide not thy face from me neither cast thy servant away in displeasure Make thy face to shine upon thy servant O save me for thy mercy sake Withhold not thou thy tender mercy from me O Lord let thy loving kindnes thy truth continually preserve me for inumerable evils have compassed me about mine iniquities have taken hold upon me so that I am not able to look up they are more then the hairs of my head therefore my heart faileth me Be pleased O Lord to deliver me O Lord make haste to help me Be merciful unto me O Lord be merciful unto me for under the shadow of thy wings shall be my refuge until my calamities be overpast In the multitude of the sorrowful thoughts within me let thy comforts O Lord delight my soul. Remember me O Lord with the favour that thou bearest unto thy people O visit me with thy salvation That I may see the good of thy chosen and rejoyce with the gladness of thy people and glory with thine inheritance Do thou save me O Lord for thy name sake for I am poor and needy and my heart is wounded within me 2. If the occasion be Sicknesse of Body in this case we ought to intercede for others That God would teach them quietly to submit unto his afflicting hand as considering that diseases do not arise meerly from naturall or accidentall causes without the particular appointment and disposal of his wise providence which doth extend to the very hairs of our head much more to the dayes of our lives and the health of those dayes and that he is faithful and true having ingaged his promise that all conditions though never so troublesome Tribulation and anguish and sicknesse and death it self shall work together for the good of those that belong unto him That he would sanctifie their pains and troubles unto them giving them a true sight of their sins an unfeigned sorrow for them and a steadfast faith in the merits of Christ for the remission of them That he would recompence the pains and decays of their bodies with comfort and improvement in their souls That as their outward man does decay so their inward man may be renued daily That he would fit them for whatever condition he shall call them unto That Christ may be unto them both in life and death advantage That if it be his will he would recover them from their paines and diseases and restore them to their former health That he would direct them to the most effectual means for their recovery and blesse unto them those that have been or shall be used to that end Of this kinde are those petitions of the Psalmist for himself Have mercy upon me O Lord for I am weak O Lord heal me for my bones are vexed for in death there is no remembrance of thee and who will give thee thanks in the pit What profit is there in my bloud if I go down into the pit shall the dust praise thee shall that declare thy truth Shall thy loving kindnesse be declared in the grave or thy
making us wanton and contemptuously to spurne at his laws Lading and wearying him with our sins whilest he does continually heap upon us his unwearied mercies By our Impatience under those small crosses that are justly inflicted upon us Not behaving our selves humbly and cheerfully under Gods fatherly chastisements Not accepting the punishment of our iniquity though it be much lesse then we have deserved Not bearing the indignation of the Lord as considering how we have sinned against him Being subject to murmuring and repining to fainting and despaire to seek help and deliverance by unlawful means By want of submission and obedience unto him according to our duty and profession very inconstant in our holy services temporary and by fits subject to backslide and revolt upon every slight temptation Our goodnesse being as the morning cloud and as the early dew which passeth away Not Vniversall in our obedience but partial and by halves apt to pick and chuse in our duties according as they may best suite with our own humours and the course of the times not having respect to all his commandments Not hating every false way Not hearty and sincere in our performances doing them with all our might but Hypocritically Perfunctorily Negligently By our not fearing of God according to the infinite power justice majesty of the divine Nature or according to those manifold sinnes whereby we have provoked his wrath Behaving our selves with much security and inadvertency under all the various dispensations of his providence as if we our selves were not at all concerned in them Not regarding the works of the Lord nor considering the operation of his hands still going on after the imagination of our own hearts as if we had made a Covenant with death and with hell were at an agreement very apt to promise to our selves peace and impunity though we do still persevere in our wonted rebellions very subject to slavish worldly fears of men that shall die and the sons of men that shall be made as grasse Forgetting the Lord our Maker who stretched forth the heavens and laid the foundations of the earth Not grieving when he strikes us refusing to receive correction though he does consume us making our faces harder then a rock and refusing to return By not demeaning our selves humbly before him according as our own vileness and the greatnesse of his mercy does require Behaving our selves in our general course as if we were desirous to live without God here and content to be annihilated hereafter so we might but in this world enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season CHAP. IX Sins against the second Commandment THE Second Commandment does concern the Manner and Means of Gods worship Against this we sinne not onely by representing and worshipping of him in Images but also by entertaining grosse mis-conceits of the divine nature by mixing any will-worship superstition or our own inventions with his service when we do not serve him after such a way as is agreeable to his nature and required in his word that is not in spirit and truth Not with uprightnesse sincerity cheerfulnesse 1. It will here concern us to examine how exceedingly we have failed in the manner of those good duties which we have attempted How much aversenesse there is in us from setting about them How much distraction and benummednesse of spirit in the performance of them How much impotency and wearinesse in the Continuance of them How much pride unspiritualnesse formality want of relish deadnesse uncomfortablenesse there is mixed with our best services Serving God with feigned lips Drawing neer to him with our mouthes and honouring him with our lips when our hearts are far from him Resting our selves in the meer outsides of duties when we do not enjoy any Communion with God in them 2. We ought to examine our failings in respect of the means or kindes of divine worship Our carelesnesse to keep our selves close in a constant holy communion with God by the right use of all his sacred Ordinances 1 Prayer both Private Publike 2 Ministery of the Word 3 Receiving of the Sacraments 1. Our Negligence in setting any solemn time apart for our secret devotions betwixt God and our souls Omitting them upon every trivial occasion or slight pretence of businesse Our carelesnesse in the private observance of this duty with our families and neer relations and in publike with the Congregation Our approaching before God without that preparation reverence or attention as becomes such vile creatures speaking to so great a Majesty Regarding iniquity in our hearts not calling upon him in truth Flattering him with our mouthes and lying to him with our tongues when our heart is not right with him Not Confessing our sins with that sorrow shame and confusion of face as having thereby so much dishonoured his glorious name and endangered our own salvations Being rather apt to cover our transgressions with Adam by hiding our iniquity in our bosome Or if we do acknowledge them yet we are not careful to forsake them but do still go on in a continuall round of confessing and committing committing and confessing again Failing very much in the Matter of our Petitions not asking those things which are according to his will Apt to make our prejudicate opinions and passionate wishes the subject of our Prayers instead of the holy and unchangeable will of God For the manner of them not with faith and fervency as being truly sensible of our own wants or as if we did really beleeve this duty to be an effectuall means for the supply of them Not tenderly affectionate in our forgiving of others or our interceding for them In our thanksgiving not mentioning the favours we have received with any such hearty sense of them as may stir up in our souls cheerfulnesse love gratitude Not praising God with our whole hearts and all that is within us Coming before him with customary devotion rather to satisfie the scruples of a natural conscience then out of any true love to this duty it self or experimental evidence of comfort to be had by it our hearts being apt to wander from him even whilest we are speaking with him to think but lightly of him whilest we pretend much honour to him Not retaining any taste or relish of these duties after they are ended Not living suitably to them Not taking notice how God does answer our Prayers in the several passages of his Providence towards us 2. For the Ordinance of Preaching the Minister does herein offend by being negligent and slothful in his calling not preaching with that constancy faithfulnesse simplicity judgement authority courage demonstration of the Spirit as he should The People by neglecting to hear and read the Word according to their severall opportunities By not preparing themselves for this holy exercise Not coming unto it with hungring and thirsting desires and loving