oftentimes proceed from the Imagination only and fear of some Danger of Theeves when they converse alone in Woods or at night in the dark in which all things become more dreadful or they proceed from fear of eternal Judgement for some grievous sin committed as that Concubine of the Priests pretended in her grievous Melancholy because she had brought forth so many Children from an unlawful Bed which imagination and perswasion conceived from that even those that do now suffer this affect do retain and do express by words and very deed such like things which gave them the occasion as was said in the accidents of Melancholy Sadness or vehement Grief lasting long doth also beget a Melancholick Perturbation of the Mind which also may degenerate into the true one if it take deeper roote and disturb the Spirits and change the Temperament of the Body or it induceth a certain Phansie sometimes foolish sometimes maddish and sometimes desperation as we have described in explaining the kinds But this Sadness of Mind proceeds from grief or mourning most commonly for some things lost of Money Honour or any other thing as the Death of Children Parents Friends with which the Mind oftentimes is wonderfully tormented and afflicted for a long time or from Shame and Bashfulness with which generous minds especially are so troubled for some error commited that it is plain some have thereby been driven to despair as they write it happened to Homer because he could not resolve the Fisher-men their Riddle Envy also doth so afflict a man and as they are wont to say gnaw the Heart that these also become wholly Melancholick and by their Face and Gestures express envy all manner of waies as Ovid sets it forth Also divers affects of the Mind proceeds chiefly from the too great Appetite or Concupiscence of some thing honest or dishonest which they perswade themselves will be profitable or honest as seeing by the immoderate study or Science men oftentimes being too intent do procure to themselves a certain Phansie and those whom ambition and vain glory torments and who are taken with the love of themselves Philauty boastingly they talk and do many foolish and ridiculous things which the Comaedians have elegantly shown in the vain glorious Souldier under the persons of Thraso and Pyr Gopolynices in their Comaedies or when the desire of revenge not ceasing after anger being carried into a permanent Hatred and Enmity which can scarce any more be blotted out continually thirsting Revenge and intent on that they do nothing rightly but most things unhappily being troubled in Mind or carried on the Coveteousness the love of Riches they are so madded that they run headlong into many Vices Sins and enormous Deeds whether also that Dotage of the Alchymists ought to be referredwho seeking the Phylosophers stone with so great heat all though they see they loose their Labour and Cost and can do nothing nor know nothing done by others yet they bate not of their unwearied Labour and led on by continual Hope no waies ceasing from their Labour they wast their whole substance last of all and chiefly that vehement Heat and Concupiscence proceeding from love in both sexes when they cannot alwaies enjoy it or not all 't is a Cause of that Grief for every Lover mourns with which being overcome at last they are vext and tormented with so many different Passions of the mind that despairing they think attempt and perform things ridiculous or weighty and dangerous as was said in the accidents to which love sometimes and elegant beauty sometimes lovely conditions every one according to his Phansie for the most part with a blind judgment sometimes a certain Sympathy and confirmity of manners gave the beginning occasion and fomented it Counterfeit Folly and long continued constantly exagitateing the spirits depravedly doth cause that by this custom changing Nature some Fools who for their gullet Belly and profit sake exercise their Folly before great Men who delight in the Conversation of Fools seeing they have fitted and accustomed themselves to this from their Youth they acquire that Habit in it which afterwards seeing it can no waies be blotted out they continue Fools indeed A perturbation of the Spirits of the Brain not that which raised from the Affections of the Mind doth too much exagitate and confound them A perturbation of the Spirits the cause of Melancholy and Madness or aflects them with an occult quality of which we have spoken already but that which being raised intrinsecally from some matter mixt with the Spirits doth cloud obscure darken the animal Spirits which ought to be bright clear lucid and most pure may induce the said Melancholly and Madness also if it Act more vehemently Which matter they cal Melancholick because they think it is black and they contend that it doth alter the Mind not only by troubling the Spirits but also by cooling the Brain seeing they hold this humor is cold and dry but seeing we have shewed in Sleepiness and Supidtiy that from the coldness of the Brain whether joyned with moisture or driness its Functions would rather be impaired or abolisht then intended this Melancholick matter which we also call Turbulent impure and filthy doth not by cooling but because t is mixt with the spirits disturbs them and the Brain in whose substance the Spirits are every where connate we have proved in Anatomy and by a certain Malignity which it hath also attained it doth at last imprint that hurt from which follow such enormous accidents the which notwithstanding cannot therefore suddainly bring Death because it is an evil of long continuance The which matter is either a Melancholick vapor or humor A Melancholick filthy Vapor troubling the Spirits and affecting the Head breeds that Species of Melancholy which they call Hypochondriacal A Vapor the Cause of the perterbation of Spirits in Hypochondriacal Melancholy because they chiefly complain of that place affected for the cause of this evil lurkes in the parts of the Belly under the Ribes or Hypochondries which the Arabians call Mirach and from thence denominate this Species mirachal melancholly and from that part a vapor raised upwards to the Head at a certain time then when it assails it it makes this melancholly exert it self Most men write that the fewel of this is the Spleen because it is the natural seat of melancholly and because they are most troubled in the left side but others affirm that this matter is contained in the stomach also which doth most possess the left hypochondria and in its neighboring part others also place in the Liver and Mesentary and the Veins of that called mesaraicks which we also affirm is heaped and lies hid in the mesarick Veins not only those that through the mesentery and call but also the other natural bowels especially in those places where these branches of the Vena porta being more and greater do tend towards the Spleen and Stomach in the left side
happen in a Catalepsis for the like reason since that it is a certain species of Convulsion If the cause of that doting sleep proceed from the Devil with which he deludes Witches 't is not our task to search out those hidden causes The Devil the cause of Daemonical sleep which the Witches attribute to the oyntments with which they anoint things by the Devils command or to Decoctions with which they dream they can cause Hail and draw Clouds from Heaven such as Eotis in Apuleins and Homers Circe did prepare by bruising together Garlick Wild Time and stinking Plants which we renounce By reason of a defect of animal spirits in the brain it must needs be also that a stupidity follow the functions of the brain being taken away which may happen upon a double account they being either wasted or at leastwise poured forth and extravagant The Animal spirits being wasted in the brain The Consumption of the animal spirit is cause of an Apoplexy if they were only impaired or too few whence follows a weakness of the brain its functions also must be weakned as hath been said in the Weakness of the mind but if they be altogether or so far consumed as that not only a weakness of the functions do follow but a total Oblition of them there wil be a grievous Apoplexy and suddenly killing the Patient of which we have oftentimes seen old men die of and the common People still hath believed it caused from a Flegmatick Humor as we see the vital Spirit being impared there follows a want of strength but being wholly consumed Death The Animal Spirits being shed or poured forth from the Brain into the Nerves continuous with the Brain for they can be extravagant no where else Too great a pouring forth of the Animal Spirit from the Brain into the Nerves is the cause of a Stupidity of divers kinds of a Catalepsis and Epilepsie whenas they can consist no where but in the Brain and Nerves then it happens that the Internal sense either all or some do cease according as a greater or less quantity of them leaves the Brain but the motive power is no waies abolisht since as those Spirits do yet persist in the Nerves neither are the Nerves left destitute of them as it comes to pass in a resolution their passage from the Brain to the Nerves being then hinderd furthermore since that the Animal spirit is contained also in the Nerves as well as in the Brain of which they are portions though the the Functions of the Brain may cease for a while yet they nevertheless may still for a time exercise the power of moving which they contain in themselves the which also we may very well guess doth proceed rather from the Nerves then the Brain in some creatures who excel more in motion then in the senses because they have none or a very little Brain but a marrow of the Back large and plentiful part of which also cut off from the rest yet nevertheless moves for a while and this is the true and Legitimate cause why the senses being abolisht yet motion nevertheless may persist for a time in sinding out of which both the ancient and moderne Physitians have so much tormented themselves and delivered their far different opinions viz. This effusion of the Spirits into the Nerves which proceeding chiefly from two causes produceth accidents somwhat diverse as shall presently be explained The first of which is the too much Vehement and Persevering operation of the internal Senses by which as in great passions of the Heart we see the vital Spirits so carried forth that thence follows a Fainting away and so if there be a dissipation of the Animal Spirits into the Organs of the external senses by a more vehement Cogitation and intention upon some thing it may come to pass that as men astonisht they may be lightly stupid and either by and by they returning again they may come to themselves or if they continue longer those diverse Species of a Catalepsis may proceed which we have demonstrated in the explication of the former kinds to have somtimes happen'd from too much Study or Love or some other great affects of the Minde especially Melancholly whence it came to pass that many have put a Melancholly juyce as the Cause of a Catalepsis In which if the Spirits being not wholly poured forth some portions of them remain in the Brain some Sences also wil remain the other ceasing and as they are poured forth into the Nerves Motion may also either at least remain or exercise it self with a rigidness without concussion if there be no contraction of the nerves as shal be said in an Epilepsie and this seems very likely to be the cause of the diversity of Species of a Catalepsis as we have shewed formerly in diverse Histories of it yet as also if the spirits be so carried forth by a violent affect of the Minde that for awhile they cannot recollect themselves we have seen them fal down like to the Epileptical their pulse remaining by which they were distinguisht from those that faint away and some when they made a speech or despute at great meetings by reason of the too great contention of the Minde and Senses fear somtimes or shame coming upon them the Spirits being troubled have sufferd the like from whence perhaps because the same was wont to happen for this reason at some meetings an Epilepsie was called the Comitial Disease In which vehement motions of the Minde as it may come to pass so it is commonly believed also that from Anger Convulsions may easily proceed which opinion happily had its rise because in those disposed the fit is by this means promoted unless perhaps this may happen by the stirring of Choller through Anger as we shal declare by and by But the other and more frequent Cause of pouring out the Spirit into the Nerves from whence follow the more grievous Symptoms of an Epilepsie and Catalepsis is an irritation of the Brain such a one by which its expulsive faculty stirred up rising to cast of that which is troublesome to it doth together drive forth the Spirits as Nature every where feeling pain and trouble is wont to thrust Spirits thither and together with them blood also oftentimes so powerfully that there follows an inflamation of that part which receives them Which trouble or irritation of the Brain indeed they demonstrate to happen rather by consent and compassion with some part then from its proper effect because we see Convulsions happen rather from an affect and Disease of another part Somtimes also far distant from the Brain then of the Brain it self as from a Nerve Prickt or some violent Medicine taken where as if it did happen from some grievous Disease of the Brain as indeed it must needs be a grievous Disease which must induce so vehement a Symptone the accidents of Convulsions which it causeth would not so soon
no other in the Heart for it is sufficient by touching the Arteries to know the vital strength especially in regard the motion of the pulse is answerable to that of the Heart Also the Defect of the Heart is known by the breathing In the pangs of Death there is extream weakness Extream weakness in the hour of death which is more or less longer or shorter In which although the conflict between life and death or Convulsions the Members are moved yet the strength is gone And the pulse intermitteth and ceaseth like the flame of a Candles end that somtimes blazeth with a little refreshment from the grease but goeth out again when that is wanting And the motion of the Heart and Breathing are much stirred up in the Agony before they cease so that the whol breast is shaken and the Nostrils moved the body sweats and farteth which caused the Poets to say the Soul went out And death being at hand the heat leaves the external remote parts as Hands Feet Nose by degrees and the rest while the breast is warm a while til all the breath ceaseth the mouth and Eyes remaining open and the body turned like a clay colour we are certain the Soul hath left the body Sometimes while the man liveth the strength is taken away for a time Syncope or Swooning and all the Functions of the whol body suddenly Pulse and Motion ceasing so that it cannot be felt at least In the Disease called Deliquium Lipothymy or Lipopsychy in Greek if it be great 't is called Syncope And then all breath is gone so that you cannot perceive it by a Feather applied to the Nose or the like which may be stopped in this case only during the Fit while the motion of the heart is staied and hath no need of Breathing without Death But while the the Heart moveth it cannot want Breath because it procureth vital spirits In this Syncope they fall suddenly only with a noise in the Ears or hissing the strength being lost as in an Apoplexy if the Syncope be great but they differ in this that in the Apoplexy the Heart and Arteries beat and they breath though with difficulty and obscurity There is also a cold sweat called Snycoptical or Diaphoretick not from the digested substance of solid things but from the conflict of nature and the dissipation of the Spirits which is so great that not only thin humors but also the Dung and Urin break forth And because then heat vanisheth from the outward parts there is a cold sweat remaining and a paleness all over in those places that should be red by nature shewing it self first in the Lipps Somtimes there is a particular weakness when the internal or external Organs are deprived Particular weakness and it is called the weakness of that part not every weakness that comes from a Disease but as shal be shewed in the causes that which comes from the loss of the flourishing vertue Such as is sometimes in the Stomach Liver Brain Eyes Joynts or Members which shal be spoken of in those accidents which are produced thereby The Causes The Cause of all failing of strength The cause of all want of strength is in the vital spirit in man when it is not nourished with another spirit or moisture or consumed fainting and weakness of particular parts dependeth upon the inbred and inhaerent spirit of the similary parts which makes the spiritual substance of parts as they call it and giveth living vertue or life and strength and heat which is natural This natural spirit or heat being inbred in every substance of parts as in the Heart which though it abound with other yet hath this in it as necessary for life hath need to be continually nourished and renewed by the vital spirit made in the left ventricle of the Heart and communicated to all the parts by the Arteries as to the substance of the Heart by the coronary Arteries called the influent spirit that it might be the matter that sustains the innate spirit and because it easily disperseth it ought to be in great plenty through the body And hence is it that the heart being the shop where that spirit is made alwaies stands in need of Air and Blood whereof it is made Wherefore if they be wanting or but little there is one cause why strength faileth As when for want of breath the heart wants Air then Death follows except its motion were hindered by other causes as shal be shewed in the causes of swooning Because the Heart being dilated by motion often not filled with matter for vital sptrits dieth And this cannot befall it while it moveth not because it may subsist a while with its own spirits as other parts So we shewed in a Syncope wherein they revive after a long stopping of the breath But seeing Blood mixed with Air in the Lungs affordeth fit matter for animal spirits if it be consumed by great want of nourishment or Arrophy or stopped in the Vessels so that it cometh not to the parts there must be weakness But no man living can be so without blood that the Lungs should be so empty which usualhave so much or the Vessels that are so large by which the Blood is carried with Air from the Heart should be so obstructed Only strength fails in this respect that spirits are not made or being made they are suddenly dissipated which causeth the innate spirits to subsist no longer And that either when they altogether vanish and leave the body as in the Agony of Death or they depart for a time from the Heart and return again as in swooning Or when they are fewer then are necessary as in Weakness Also strength must needs fail when there is want of substance making moisture in regard the innate spirit is nourished not only with the infinent spirit but by radical moisture which consumeth dayly And so it is the occasion of Death or Weeknesâ— as it is wanting in the Heart where it is the proper nourishment of the spirit or in any other parts But if the innate spirit caâ—â—ed the spiritual substance of the parts or called the natural heat be extinguished or weakened or any part cold Then if it be in the Heart which hath as I shewed its proper native heat or innate spirit besides the vital which it aboundeth with otherwise there had been no coronal Arteries and be spent Death follows but if it be diminished there is a general faintness of the whol body as a particular weakness of some other member if it be in them But now I shal shew what causeth the dissipation of both the innate spirit called native heat and of the Influent spirit by which it is susteined And how the humor that feeds it is consumed by natural and adventitious courses They who have more innate spirit or natural heat The constipation of radical moisture through age is the cause of weakness and radical moisture are more strong
are called Solitary and Primary being accompanied with no other Disease or accidents and as the heat is more or less they are shorter as for a day except they turn into putride feavers or longer when the heat is more fixed which causeth the Hectick And this is not as some would have it that if the spirits are only inflamed the heat should depart in one day which causeth Ephemeral feavers And if the blood be enflamed the continuing longer causeth a Synochus if the heat be in the substance of the Heart a constant Hectick Because in all these kinds neither the Spirits nor the Blood can be enflamed by themselves being confusedly together in the Vessels and the substance of the Heart must be inflamed together with them And every Feaver and other Disease must have some solid part to subsist in as their subject and not the Spirits and Humors But this diversity of feavers comes from the Cause from whence they proceed and the Subject which is the body of man wherein they are In respect of the external cause as it worketh these in the body and continueth longer These Feavers differ in time and greatness and this external cause is either from things without or taken in or from excercise Of things without these by themselves inflame as hot Air or Water if long continuance be made therein by accident these vehement cold and sudden especially taken when the body is hot by outward Air or Water Because the heat being suddenly struck inward by the cold external inflames the Spirits Humors Bowels and the very Heart And this is more probable then to say as others that it comes from the stoppage of the Pores of the Skin by cold whereby the Air which should pass through to cool and Ventilate as they call it is hindered and so the blood is inflamed and putrified But we shewed formerly that the necessity of Respiration or Breathing was ordained not to cool the Heart which being in health it needeth not and the use of transpiration was not to cool the blood which being temperate it needeth not But for the Evacuation of Excrements as we shall shew in putrid Feavers which proceed from the want of that Things taken in which actually or potentially inflame especially if they peirce suddenly do the same as strong Wine and stronge Waters drunk in great quantity and the Anacardine Confection being very hot And we shall shew that neither crudities nor corruption of meats as some think can produce these pure Feavers but other Diseases or putrid Feavers Vehement motion especially running by heating may cause the same as we see in Horses after Races that we perceive to be feverish from their short breath extream heat and sweating And Women long lying in hard Travail by a continual motion and hard and often throws are in a feaver which is increased by pain Also immoderate motion of mind by watchings chiefly sudden motions by anger frights or joy if they do not only stir the spirits and blood but enflame the heart also cause feavers But we suppose that fear and sadness cannot cause these feavers except there be also putrifaction From the subject Body afflicted with these feavers they are also divers Any constitution is capable of them from an external cause by which heat being stirred up may differ in respect of the constitution as it is temperate hotter or impure If a temperate body be inflamed from without Inflamation of the Blood or Spirits from an external cause in the Vessels may cause an Ephemora in regard that heat cannot continue long but the body must return to its former temper there may be a short feaver called Ephemera And the heat being united there is no great change made and being not impure it begins not with shaking or Crisis and it goes away by degrees through sweat which is caused by a gentle breathing or exhalation from the same heat That is an over hot constitution which is more fit to receive heat and if it be enflamed from an external cause then from the double heat comes a Synochus simple Feaver which lasteth longer and is hotter This constitution is either Sanguin or Cholerick The Sanguiue constitution A sanguine Synoch is caused by blood and spirits inflamed in the Vessels from an external cause is sooner enflamed when there is more blood or heat then ordinary Therefore young persons and Plethorick or full bodies and hot and such as want their usual bleedings by Haemorrhoids Terms or at the Nose are sooner in these Feavers And these by reason of the efficient cause meeting with the adjuvant or assisting continue above one day to the third or fourth day and are called simple bloody Synocks These have a greater heat and other Symptoms from the causes mentioned but otherwise they begin and end as the Ephemerae A Chollerick constitution being hotter A cholerick Synoch is caused by Instamation of Blood and spirits in the Vessels from an external cause is easily enflamed from the same causes with a Feaver like a Synoch called a simple Cholerick Synoch And it keeps the same progress with a Sanguine except some accidents arise caused by choller by which it is turned putrid If a foul body take a feaver from an external cause A Synoch which degenerateth is caused by Inflamation of blood and spirits in the Vessels of an unclean body then if the blood be apt to putrifie the feaver is no longer simple and pure but an impure Synoch and of longer continuance But if the blood be somwhat impure and yet not apt to putrifie then the Synoch is pure but the accidents are more and greater then in the former There is also a Synoch called accompanied when nature driveth out of the Veins some of the impure blood If these Feavers come from a Disease and the blood being enflamed stay in the Vessels The cause of pure Symptomatical accompanied Feavers is a hot disease that enflames the blood and spirits then because they follow a Disease they are called Symptomatical simple Feavers These are like the Ephemeral or Synoch Feavers except they be turned into Putrid by the Disease that caused them or their Course or Symptoms altered thereby The Diseases that cause Symptomatical feavers are of some part and send forth such heat that first it inflames the blood in the part and then the whol Mass and the Heart and the blood in the part is commonly more then ordinary by reason of the Disease and pain which attracteth These hot Diseases which cause feavers from hot humors as Blood and Choler may produce them without corruption for Blood and Choller only of all the Humors can produce feavers without putrefaction When Blood gets out of the Veins A Disease of Blood is the cause of Ephemera or Synoch Or Symptomatical Feavers not from the Feaver aforegoing of which hereafter but from some other cause as heat or pain and fals into a part where it begets either a bare
mild Feaver like a Diary only the spirits being inflamed with the Heart and then the heat and the accidents following are milder nor is the Urin changed much If the Plague strike a Sanguine or Plethorick person then it will be like a Synoch Feaver and the Spirits and Blood will be inflamed with the Heart in which there is greater heat and accidents as Head-ach redness of Face and the like that disturbe the Patient grievously If the Plague seize upon Cholerick persons then by reason of the heat of the Heart Spirits and Humors there is with other Symptoms of hear Vomiting Stools and other accidents from choller which are grievous Unclean bodies especially that have corrupt blood and subject to Feavers if they take the Plague then it is putrid continual and Malignant with great hear and other Symptoms and then are foul excretions by reason of corruption The reason why they who have the Plague are in more or less danger is in the strength as well as the poyson for strong persons oppose it more then weak And this is the reason why some have spots and others none for if nature be weak the poyson will lie at the Heart and no tokens thereof appear But if nature send it forth then it inflameth every part it toucheth and burns it red with pain and impression under the Arm-pits or Tumors under the Ears or Carbuncles which inflamed increase the Feaver And when nature disburdens her self by the pores of the Skin there are Spots and Pustles These are caused by the Poyson sent out by Nature And are not sent as markes or tokens as some call them of the Plague at its first entrance for though some appear at the first Nature doth cause it by expelling from the Heart that which so suddenly smore it except a Pustle come by touching of a dead body infected as I once had in my hand but when I felt the pulse of a man in a mortal sweat that died of the Plague and both I and my Chirurgion that was with me had a pustle in our Feet which suddenly vanished and though we were infected we had neither Feaver nor any other inconvenience And in the year 1634. I touched the pulse of a sweating man dying of the Plague and presently after I had black spots from my middle Finger and the outside of my Hand to my Wrist yet they presently went away after I had washed my Hands with Vinegar and Treacle And Bubo's come in the Plague somtimes not from the poyson sent to the Emunctuaries but from the heat and pain of some Carbuncle that is near as in other Inflamations Yet somtimes they come from both causes and there are divers in the same or divers places and these being inflamed and brought to suppuration joyn a new Feaver to the former I have by long observation found out these things having fix times been a practiser in the time of great plagues to the end of them and been constant to my patients and therefore I declare them for Favor of no man but for Love of the truth A fixed constant heat in the Heart and other parts Heat fixed in the Body is the cause of Hectickes not mutable or that called fire by the Greeks which comes and goes without change of temperament the parts that were hot returning to their former state as Fernelius shews may be in the ninth Chapter of his Book of temperaments But when the temperament and proportion of the Elements to use the words of Fernelius are turnd hotter and dryer so that the heat can scarse be removed or the temperament changed then Feavers will be continuing long and constant never to be cured Hence they are called Hecticks because they are in the habit of the body called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and cannot be easily removed as habit is not easily taken away And in regard the heat in them is not fiery as in other Feavers but a change of the temperament into more hot and dry as I shewed thefore they scarce feel the heat although all similar parts of the Body are changed and dryer and hotter to the touch and the Heart is perceived to beat quicker and harder This heat is not alwaies alike but when the body is more inflamed as after meat which they alwaies perceive or violent motion and other causes it is increased with the pulse and motion of the Heart Also the Consumption called Marasmus which follows these Feavers is not the melting of the body by violent heat by which means they say some pieces of the body come away by Urin but falsly for that is only from the foulness of the Reins and Bladder and otherwise in the most burning Feaver the parts cannot be so roasted and melted But this leanness comes from the temperament of the similary parts turned hotter and dryer by reason of the heat of the Heart And this is the reason why they are not rightly nourished but fall and pine away in a Consumption Another Feaver going before it is the cause of an Hectick because the heart cannot loose its temperament so much from any other cause then the heat of a violent Feaver which by its strength and continuance may at length change the Heart Hence it is that these Feavers come seldom from a simple and pure heat and Diary Feavers But if they end not in an exact time as they use to do and turn not into putride they turn into Hetticks But more usually they come from putrid Feavers alone or Malignant which last long especially when the Heart hath been long scorched and after quenched and then Distemper remain which causeth a long Hectick which consumeth the Body when the burning Fever is gone This is not that Fever which while the burning Fever remaineth so broyleth the Heart by its violent heat that the whole body is suddenly consumed which is called A melting Hectick Also Hecticks may be produced from long intermitting burning Fevers after the same manner And Fontanonus teacheth that they may come of continual Fevers when a semi-tertian abides long Also from other putrid Fevers though gentle if long and heat the Heart constantly may a gentle Hectick follow gentle and lingring putrid Fevers as in Cachecticks and Consumptions because the Cause is more neer the Heart Also they begin and are joyned with Putrid Continual Fevers which are known as we shewed by the accidents of the aforesaid Fevers stil continuing and a great or Consumption then was in Putrid fevers As when an Hectick is joyned with an acute Putrid Lingring or Intermitting This is caused by the disposition of the Heart if it be by nature too hot which grows sooner hot and dry by the fevers aforesaid And by a Heart that is tender and quickly receives other heat which destroies the Natural For this cause yong Children have often Hecticks not only after a long but a Diary fever The Cure The general Cure of all Fevers the Indication being taken from the
of both motions both the Midrif and Lungs t is no wonder that that also if the Brain be very much hurt so that all Voluntary motion do cease as it comes to pass in the Apoplectical the Midrif or Muscles of the Breast then contributing nothing to Motion but the Lungs only after a sort moving themselves stil and whils they are dilated and filled with Air which they do by their prover Natural motion a little lifting up the Breast do a little while Persevere but very much hinderd and difficult so that unless that hurt of the Brain do speedily cease the Patient must needs be choaked breathing being wholly taken away but when voluntary motion is not wholly taken away with the senses that then respiration doth remain still more free But if the Brain be affected with a less affect compared to the former by which the senses are only opprest as in a sleepiness or gentle Stupidity then motion though it do rest a little by reason of Sleep and Consternation yet nevertheless it doth persevere or if this come to pass only by reason of the spirits of the Brain only extravagant as shall be said in a Convulsion and Catalepsis that motion doth also continue and they sooner return to themselves as shall be explained how this comes to pass in the Particular causes from which these proceed But the causes of all Consternation of Minde that happen are either some offect so hurting the Brain which gives Sense and Motion by it self or by consent that these its Functions do more or less fail as are Distemper Repletion from a flegmatick or sanguine Humor some eminent hurt a Tumor a distemper of the Brain proceeding from a Vapor or Malignant quality or a defect of the Animal spirits of the Brain of all which causes and their effects we will now treat in Particular A cold Distemper only without matter altering the Brain A cold Distemper the Cause of Stupidity a Moist of immoderate Sleep because it is wont to hurt the Functions may make it Stupid And if it be Moist too which is seldom without matter it may also cause Immoderate Sleep as somtimes by Reason of Age or the continuance of a Disease a distemper left in the Brain doth make men perpetually Prone to Sleep or as it was said in the Weakness of the Minde more dul which we have taught doth happen rather by reason of Weakness then Coldness Or induced by other causes especially from the cold external Air the North Wind blowing outwardly cooling the Head or by the Pores percing to the Brain it may cause a great Stupidity They write also that a watchful Stupidity or Catalepsis may arise from a Cold and dry distemper congealing the Spirits but whenas the Spirits cannot be congealed or if they could be then a greater Stupidity would follow we cannot at all allow of this That Convulsions are somtimes caused from Dryness which they call Inanition is a common opinion which doth not happen in this Convulsion but in a Particular one as we shall there explaine Flegm is very often the cause of Sleep and Supidity under which Name we comprehend all the Watery Cold and Moist Excrements of the Brain which immoderately heaped up within the Skul as the Brain doth ever and a non heap up such things from Flegmatick blood varried up to it and the weakness of the part if it be supprest and flow not forth through the passages appointed for it then if it perfuse the substance of the Brain with a large humor and cool it it causeth a Carus Or if by its long impulse it so moisten the same that that great bulk of the Brain becoming more soft and lax do suddainly flow abroad and sink and press the original of the Nerves at the basis of the Skul proceeding from the Brain and stop the passage of the Animal spirit it procures a grievous Apoplexy As when Flegm doth suddainly fill the Ventricles or Cavities of the Brain not by obstructing whenas the Animal Spirit is not seated in them but every where in the substance of the Brain and Nerves neither doth it pass through the Ventricles but after the same manner by oppressing the basis of the Brain it may also induce an Apoplexy the which notwithstanding if the humor descending from them do follow the course of the Nerves may end in a Palsie That all these things are thus in a Carus and Apoplexy we have learnt from the dead because this humor hath somtimes flown from their mouths in a plentiful manner And we have observed also by diligent dissection that the thick Membrane of the Brain open'd in some abundance of Humor hath presently lept forth by the Region of the Head and descended even to the Breast and the very substance of the Brain in a certain old Woman which died of an Apoplexy dissolved like to Cream after the same manner hath run all over her Face But we know that these affects proceeded from the Cause by the precedent constitution of the Body especially in old Age which is Obnoxious to this evil and from a cold constitution of the season and Air and because they have first complained of a heaviness in the Head and a weight with slaggishness darkness of the sight and also of a want of that accustomary voiding of Flegm by the Nose and Mouth and because in the dead of an Apoplexy especially oft times a great quantity of Flegm flows forth by the said passages From the same Flegmatick Humor obstructing the passages of the Brain many have written that as an Apoplexy so also an Epilepsie may be caused and therefore as in that so in this that all the senses are abolisht but do presently return again because the Brain by concussion doth speedily shake it of and then that motion with the senses doth no way cease here as is an Apoplexy because the Ventricles are not altogether but only in part obstructed or as others will have it the former only are obstructed the hindermost being unhurt so that a portion of the Spirits may nevertheless pass by to the Nerves Which though it may be condemned for many things yet let it suffice to have brought this especially to destroy this opinion viz. that if a sufficient quantity of the Animal Spirits did not descend the Functions of the Brain would rather follow to be impared in sense and motion then partly abolisht partly depraved and that if Flegm were the cause and that suddainly shaken of from the Brain did flow down it would induce that Palsie which is wont to follow an Apoplexy for the same Reason They teach that Flegm putrifying in the Brain doth Cause a Lethargie and a Feaver its companion is kindled from thence but whenas we have shewed in Feavers that from the Putrefaction of Flegm especially in the Head that a Feaver can in no wise be kindled and we find no reason how the same Flegmatick Humor being putrified by its coldness
Spirits of Wine a deadly Stupidity and also an excessive heat is raised in which case as also in others raised from the like cause we give Natural Milk and Factitious made of Almonds and Guord Seeds also Butter common Oyl and Oyl of Almonds and other Fat and mucilaginous things the which also we said were proper in corroding poysons Also Acid things given as they do quel the heat of Acrid humors and Choler so also the efficacy of Narcoricks which I am wont rather to give as Acid juyces or syrups or Vinegar it self which therefore we have said elsewhere is the most certain Remedy for Drunkenness the other things which do it by a certain propriety shal be explained in the Remedies If a malignant quality The Cure of a sleepiness stupidity from a malignant quality which we cannot rightly explain come from without from the Stroke of a Beast from whence a Sleepiness or stupidity ensues then things antipharmacal resisting these Poysons must be given such as are described in their place but if that such a Malignity be raised up in the body as in Malignant Feavers we have said that then also a Sleepiness and Stupidity doth happen and then applying those things which the malignity of the same method of cureing is to be observed which was mentioned in a Lethargy If a Daemonical Sleep delude Witches as we have said The Cure of Daemonical sleep from an evil Spirit seeing the cause is preternatural it will not be cured by natural Remedies but by prayers and amendment of life but if they refuse to do that they are worthy to be purged by sire The animal spirits being spent in the Brain The Cure of an Apoplexy from the wasting of the animal Spirits if a man become Apoplectical death it self prevents al manner of cure which we ought to foretel to be ready at hand But the Spirits being spent in the Brain by great meditations if sometime they become stupid they easily come to themselves again upon the return of the spirits The Cure of an Epilepsie Catalepsie and Stupidity from the too much profusion of the animal spirit out of the Brain but if that by some vehement affection of the mind the spirits be so carried forth that being taken with a grievous stupidity with Rigor they become Cataleptical then the evil is very pertinacious and that especially if this disease have its original from Melancholly for those thus affected are hardly cured and though they be freed from it yet they continue Stupid and Melancholly And if from Anger also they fall into an Epilepsie they are not free from danger in which species whiles they are in the Fit the same Remedies are likewise applied which are used in the rest of the Epilepical to the quickly taking off of their fits the which ceasing the cause must be turn'd away this being done if the evil do stil return whenas by that we know that the internal cause is yet present which the external did first move then the care must be fitted to the taking away of that which in a Catalepsis they apply to Melancholly in an Epilepsie to the purging of Flegm as shal be said But if that a Convulsion or which seldomer comes to pass a Catalepsis do follow from a Disease of the Nerves drawing the Brain into consent and somtimes affecting of it too the Cause it self must be diligently considered and according to that we must foretell and order the cure which we have said was in that continued Epilepsie as also somtimes in a Catalepsis but seldom hapning a certain malignant melancholly and poysonous humor consisting in the hidden parts of the body of the Veins about the inward parts of the body or also the outward parts and otherwise lurking in the habit of the body or also within the Skul arising from some fault that doth not yet destroy the brain but by course affecting the Nerves but of a milder and Shorter Epilepsie certain evaporations proceeding here and there from the inward bowels from a Causeless persevering and sometimes also Pains or only Troubles when though they have no such great cause in weak Children yet they may produce Epileptical fits but of the rest of Convulsions which are Short we said the internal causes were a poysonous humor also in the Veins in Feavers which these Convulsions do follow or otherwise Acrid Pernicious cholerick or serous humor or blood corrupted or it depends on the taking of things destructive or poysonous or proceeds from grievous pain either from a Wound or the biting of Beasts In all which species since they are all difficult we must not rashly foretel any thing of good although a fit cure and benefit of nature doth somtimes mitigate the Prognostick to wit The long continued Epilepsie so called if it begin before the time of youth and cease not when that time comes viz. when men can eject seed or when women have their courses as also that which first begins after youth is Incurable and desperate which will afflict them to the last day of their lives for a long time unless the cruelty of the symptomes doth make death more speedy but from the Shorter Epilepsie that Convulsion which is called the Worse is deadly and that also which is called the Milder species wants not its danger Which things since that they are thus these Prognosticks being premised the Cure must nevertheless be attempted which we shal not first of al divide according to the Causes seeing they are so various and abstruse but proceeding by the manner of operation we shal explain how by medicines emptying and altering found out partly by Use and partly appropriated to the Cause for some Reason we ought to heal Epilepsies and Convulsions or at leastwise to keep off or mitigate their fits Evacuating Remedies are those which do carry another way the Causes procreating or Fomenting Convulsions whether they be vapors or humors either by revelling and deriving from the part affected or by Repelling and hindring them to come to the part and that either by opening made by Cutting Sucking Burning or by Purgations ordered by divers passages of the body or by other operations outwardly applied Amongst the kinds of Cutting Phlebotomy presents it self for the lessuing of the blood which in a long continued Epilepsie wil take place if the Patient be Plethorick or the Hemthoids which before were accustomary be supprest some general eminent and appearing Vein being made choyce of for this purpose yet many do advise to open the Shoulder-vein called the Cephalick for the heads sake also blood taken from the Veins of the Ham and Ankles is very convenient and so much the more if the Courses be stopt in Women the which also some commend if taken from the Veins of the Forehead and Tongue and if we do conjecture its cause to depend upon malignant blood these detractions of blood must be often repeated whenas we have shewed that in Madness
the Symptoms also of a continual Feaver do concur more vehement or gentler also as the feaverish heat offers it self greater or more pleasing as are by Reason of the heat of the heart a swift pulse quick breathing and somtimes drawn with sighs by long intervals faintings away and by reason of the Natural parts enflamed thirst driness of the Tongue but especially by reason of the Brain over heated besides a Delirium Watchings Dreams Suffusions Vertigoes which if the Brain be more vehemently inflamed do present themselves more and more grievous as shall be said in the Causes The Causes The Cause of every Alienation of Mind is one Preternatural proceeding from an evil Spirit the other Natural a certain affect so affecting the Brain the seat of Reason by it self if the Cause lie hid in that or by consent if it be else where that the Functions of the Mind are rather depraved then impaired but there is somtimes aquality working by an occult propriety which doth it the which seeing we are not able to explain from the effect we will call one the drunken vertue the other the poysonous but otherwise it will be some Disease to wit a certain distemper of the Brain of which sort is that abstruse and unknown one whose high efficacy is sufficiently known by this that it vehemently disturbs the Mind but seeing that makes an evil of long continuance and yet in the interim the sick do no waies lie by it when nevertheless other manifest distempers of the Brain if they continue long are very dangerous for hurting the Brain certainly it is very difficult to be explained which we do certainly find that this comes to pass by reason of the Spirits of the Bain which are every where implanted in it and connate and bound up to the substance of it do call a to great Agitation and Confusion of the Spirits of the Brain and the other Species we would rather call a perturbation of them or a mixture of them with a strange matter then feigne such a distemper which cannot cause that as they write of the cold one but a manifest distemper of the Brain also inducing a dangerous Disease may likewise cause it of which sort is a vehement hot one especially if it be joyned with a Tumor and also a fault in conformation also some speck or putrefaction found in the Brain all which how they do Alienate the Mind we shall express in order An Evil Spirit the Devil because he is the enemy of mankind An Evil Spirit the Cause of those possessed doth not only continually infest the Mind the most ezcellent and as it were the divine Function of Man and so trouble them that acting many things evilly against the divine Law he leads them into sin but also exagitating bewitching with his Arts doth oftentimes induce a grievous Melancholy or a Diabolical Madness or altogether entring the Body makes them called the possessed and Daemeniacal the which to dispute or enquire how it is done is not our intent although Matthiolus that he might refer all these kind of Madnesses to black Choler affirms that the Cacodaemons do this by Mediation of that Humor in which he saith they have their residence this surely is certain that there were such also in old time as divers Histories Sacred and Prophane do testifie as also we can no waies deny but that they may be found in our Age too The Drunken Disposition so called because it assailes the Head The Temulent quality caused by Drunkenness arising from the propriety of certain things produceth an Alienation of the Mind which they call Drunkenness or Temulency this proceeds from those things which according to the diversity of Natures and as they are used can induce Sleep and Stupidity and for that reason also are called Narcoticks Some of which taken inward do it as Wine more commonly then the rest because it is ordinary Drink which causeth this species of Temulency called Drunkenness if it be drank too immoderate or strongly yet not so far as to cause a perfect stupidity and that for this cause because by its propriety it lightly obscuring the Senses whence is the beginning of Stupidity amongst which the memory for the most part is wont first to fail by producing a certain oblivion of griefes and labours it brings a foolish joy and that effusion which happens with reason from Wine yet moderately taken its heat moreover helping by which at once heating and inflaming the spirits it doth to much exagitate the actions which happens more powerfully from distilled Wine because its concenterd Vertue and heat is greater upon which account Country Fellows are wont to drink it in the morning that afterwards they may be more chearful to perform their services This also the Juyces of some other Plants will do if those Plants be eaten or their Juyce prest forth be given or extracted by Decoction as are Hops from which Beer takes its Vertue of foxing and flies if they drink of it do dye taken with stupidity Hemp also whose Pouder if it be given with Wine doth fox the sooner the seed of Darnel and Gith perhaps the false Nigella in Bread which faults of Corn if they abound the Bread made of these makes Men sleepy and by continual use hurts many every where the which notwithstanding they do not observe and such is that Plant or rather the seed of it a sort of Millet called Avate of which the Indians make an intoxicating Drink called Caou-in but also other Narcoticks may do it especially if they be used mixt with things very hot both Vertues then acting as was said even now of Wine as if Henbane seed be boiled in Beer as some are wont to do it foxeth sooner and vehemently if the Bark of Mandrake be boiled in Wine till it look red if Opium be drank with the strongest wine as Bellonius relates Turks do drink without any harm Opium half a dram with Wine when they go forth to battel that being more bold and furious they may less fear danger as also Dioscorides writes that Hemlock taken with Wine doth work more effectual and kill the sooner yet all which as we have said formerly of wine do more or less make mad according to the variety of Temperaments as also I have observed that a weakness of the Brain may be the cause that they are sooner affected in him who by reason of a fall had a peice of his Skull taken out and therefore was quickly drunk Some things applied to the Head can do the same as Rondeletius witnesseth bringing an Example of him who whenas he had applied Henbane leaves to his Head to procure sleep became mad By Inspiration also drawing in the fume of Henbane of Peru which they cal Petum or Tobacco sucking it through their mouthand Nose or as the English call it drinking it who for the voiding of Flegm and also to induce Mirth do highly esteem the accustomary use of it that men
are made like to Drunkards and loose all Appetite of eating and drinking and so can suffer Hunger a long time those that have writ of it and tried the same do witness The which also happens as Matthiolus shews if the root of the greater Nightshade which they cal deadly be infused in wine the Infusion given that hunger thirst do cease til by taking of Vinegar that fault is corrected but Sleep coming doth cure them both as also in others A poysonous Quality entring the Body from without A poysonous Quality the cause of Madness or proceeding from things taken in for concerning that which is raised intrinsecally in the humors shall be spoke off in a Melancholly humor from some poysons which hurt rather by Alienating the Minde then any other way as the effects and hurts of Poysons are Various may also disturbe the Mind of which sort Dioscorides proposeth many things which can do it rather by a poysenous then narcotick quality and we purposely omit them when as they are rare with us amongst which also Pliny thought that menstruous blood devoured was able to make Mad both Men and Dogs As also we oftentimes find by experience that from biting of Creatures turned Mad the Poyson entring mans Body by the Spittle the like Madness doth befal them especially from Dogs which do easier become Mad then other Creatures to wit about the heat of the Dog daies so called for this Reason or also about the greatest cold as Dioscorides will have it and they are known by this that they loath meat send forth a foam hang down their tail and fly upon those also which before they loved and bite them whose biting though at first it bring no greater discommodity then the wound and pain yet if it be neglected somtimes the first fortieth day somtimes sooner somtimes after six months or a year it induceth that Hydrophobite and Madness wonderfully changing the Mind of a man as was said formerly and converting it into doggish manners In which there is so great vertue of Poyson that some amongst whom Avicen is one have dared to testifie for truth that some have pist forth Whelps or some flesh like to them and Dioscorides proves by the Testimony of one that this evil hath layen hid for seven years and then first of all broke forth and Matthiolus writes that the touching of certain woods especially the Dog-tree and the Bloody-rod will occasion that this Madness do sooner appear and Dioscorides also hath delivered that by the Conversation only with one infected a certain man contracted the like affect and Galen teacheth that the spittle of Mad Dogs if it touch the naked parts of the Body is able to make Men Mad all one as if they were bitten Which things as they do more commonly happen from Mad Dogs because they live with men in great plenty and more familiarly then other Creatures so also they witness that they happen from Wolfes run Mad and I have twice observed a dreadful and deadly Madness proceeding thence and doubtless as Aristotle hath write the same from the bitings of other Mad Creatures as of the Camel and Horse and Avicen of the Mule so also the same may happen from the bitings of a Fox a Weasil a Poulecat a Ferret whose bitings at other times have somwhat of Poyson in them Nay of an Ape also and even of a Man himself now sick of this Madness whose spittle hath put on the Nature of Poyson As it is very likely also that Madness may be raised from the Blood of some Poysenous Beasts as other accidents from other Poysons of which seeing we are destitute in our Countries and therefore no danger hangs over us from them t is needless here to speak more The too great Agitation or Confusion of the Spirit of the Brain The Agitation of Spirits the cause of commotion of Mind inducing not only a light or short affection which presently ceaseth but somtimes an imprinted and permanent affect is the cause of a commotion of the Mind in those especially which are disposed to it or who by reason of their cowardize or weakness of reason cannot resist affects but that is done by that Commotion which is done suddainly with a certain violence as by Joy Anger Fear or by that which is wont to happen vehement and of long continuance as in Grief or that which happens long continued and depraved in counterfeit Folly Great joy for some thing obtained especially if it happen unexpectedly and that to the weaker sort as old Men and Women it begets that foolish species of perturbation of the Mind with foolish joy as was said the spirits being so poured forth with the Blood that the Face is not only over spread with red but tears drop forth of their Eyes and all their Members being heated are unquiet Anger for some offence raiseth that furious species of commotion of the Mind the spirits and blood being vehemently inflamed and cast forth with desire of revenge yet by and by returning again by reason of grief of mind whence they look so red at first by and by wax pale and yellow the which happens more easily to hotter and cholerick Natures and to those who are first heated with Wine and made sottish hence then many Causes concurring together they are as it were mad A Fright or grievous Fear especially happning of a suddain doth not only astonish the Mind but if it be so imprinted in the mind and move change and confound the whole Body and Spirits especially in those disposed that it can either never or very difficultly be got out of it it oftentimes induceth a true Melancholy and that most grievous and worst almost then that which happens from an internal Cause as shall be said by and by the impression being so made upon the Spirits and Humors and the Brain it self that it can hardly be drawn forth unless the whole Mass of Blood be exhausted as shall be explained and this is that species of Melancholy in which as it hath been shewed they are vext with horrid and wicked Temptations the which species I have often met withal possessing both Women and Men not sparing even the younger sort But this proceeds either from some horrid Vision appearing either by Dreams or in deed as of some Ghost or the Carkass of a Man hanged as in that Maid who beholding one hanging upon a Cross without the citty fell into such a Mnlancholy which ending in Convulsions caused her Death and a Woman who passing by a Gibbet late and fearing least being shut out of the City she should be forced to lie there all Night fell into a long continued Melancholy another also who by chance be holding the Carkass of a Theefe who hanged himself in the Prison whiles he was put into a Barrel to be cast into the River being astonish't in Mind miserably remaining many years Melancholick could scarce any more come to her self the which also
of Mustard seed is very much commended there are also who do apply Vesicatories Pication made on the Belly being first anointed with Oyl is very much approved off in some But that matter may not be continually heaped up a new we must take care by a good Course of Dyet of good juyce temperate and no waies windy Upon which account those things which discuss wind as Annis seed Fennel seed Carawaies Pepper Ginger are added to the Meats yet in that quantity that they do not to much inflame which we must chiefly have a care on for which cause also if they can intermit the use of Wine Rhazis saith they need no other Medicine he understanding strong wine because that which is thin and gentle can no waies hurt especially those that are accustomed to it Last of all the Vapors and Wine may be discust by giving a Pouder every other day after Meat or before the weight of one spoonful which may be prepared thus Take of the seeds of Annis half an ounce Fennel two drams Carawaies one dram the Cordial flowers of each half a dram Make a Pouder add of the Tables of Sugar Rosate two ounces We must divert the ascent of Vapors with Frictions Ligatures and Lotions of the extream Parts rightly applied to their due time We must also have a care of the principal parts the Head Heart Stomach Spleen Liver which are at last hurt by the long continuance and Malice of the Disease by watring Anointing the Head which is chiefly affected as shall be said in the true Melancholly by strengthing also the Heart with Epithems Bags which is hurt and palpitates by reason of these Vapors by comforting the Stomach which belches being troubled with wind with external and internal Confections that further Concoction yet not too hot and by taking care that the Liver and Spleen be not hardend by external and internal means as shall be propounded in their faults of this Nature A Melancholly blood in the Vena Cava The Cure of Melancholly and Madness from a Melancholly a Humor troubling the Spirits such as we have described to be Malignant abounding either in the Head or about the greater Veins of the trunk of the Body or about the Womb in the Blood there which is the matter of the menstruous Blood and Seed producing a Melancholy or Madness if it be worse because it can hardly all be drawn forth as long as there yet remaines some portion of that blood so long that pertinatious and long continued evil lasts with which oftentimes they are miserably afflicted not only for some months but years also somtimes to the end of their life and if they be Mad they are kept inclosed in Prisons nevertheless performing the other Vital and Natural actions unless these be weakend because when they are troubled in Minde they offend in many things and because they waist themselves with grief if they have yet any Reason left therefore we ought not rashly to promise any hopes of recovery although we have known many Cured as shall be said especially by large Bleeding and some Mad and Raging from their youth until extream old age in which they have so come to themselves that afterwards going about free from their Prison and Bands they would no more hurt any Body or provoke them with words and then also there is better hopes if they yet act all things moderately and do things rather laughing then with a sterne look and are somtimes obedient to those that admonish them and do admit of Medicines The Method and Indication for Cure will be such that we Evacuate that matter out of the Veins and divert it from the more Noble Parts that are hurt by it from the Brain chiefly and the Heart for as experience hath taught that other Diseases also generated from a certain Malignant matter are somtimes cured by many Evacuations as is apparent in the French Pox so we have seen oftentimes both in Melancholly and Madness proceeding from this Malignant matter that Empericks by many and frequent Evacuations have cured many left off by other Physitians who were afraid to use them and we our selves have often tried it with happy success which may be done by divers forms and manners as by drawing blood from the body or deriving it to other places by Purgations made by stool and by vomiting then we will correct with things altering or changing that distemper or Melancholick constitution in the Blood almost of the whol Body and in the ptincipal body and in the principal bowls especially the Brain and Heart by giving of Medicines and applying outward helps to the Head Heart Liver Spleen and certain other parts of the Body also with actual operation by gelding and hanging on Amulets in the interim providing for the strength also by a fit course of living which also may correct these faults Last of all we must have respect unto some other Symptoms which somtimes are supervenient to them all which how they must be prepared and administred we shall explain in order Letting of blood therefore in some great and apparent Cutaneous Vein when as it may not only Evacuate the Blood but together with that the matter of this Disease lurking in the Veins it will be the prime and principal remedy for the Cure of these affects if they proceed from this cause which though very many I know have not taught it and some also have disallowed it yet I have known by long observation that innumerable have been cured by this means by certain Chyrurgeons or others who did professedly labor in curing these Diseases who by opening of a Vein twenty nay fixty times have so restored the perfectly Mad or Melancholick that afterwards they have yet lived in health a long life who were not Scrupulous in choosing some certain Vein but somtimes opend a Vein of the Arm by and by this or that in the Foot anon in another place without any difference which kind of remedy therefore we also ought to use and no waies neglect but with greater care and providence then they who undertake to cure only those who are as it were given over Methodically premising alwaies washings of the Belly and Purgations intermixt as shall be said Therfore some Vein of the Arm which is most apparent must be first opened and reiterated next must be opened a Vein in the Hand especially the Salvatella of the left Hand privatly for the Spleens sake with which it is thought to have consent and also in the Feet the Vein of the Ankle called the Saphaena and the sooner if the Courses flow not right or that which runs to the great Toe which Empericks do open chiefly in this case because it is thought to communicate with the Head Also the Vein of the Forehead if the Evil do continue and the Cause be discovered to lie chiefly about the Head must be opened and Blood must be provoked from the Nostrils by thrusting of Bristles applying of Leeches
apparitions do appear to them as wel in the light as darkness but it is better that they be kept in a place somwhat obscure Their meat ought to be cooling and moistning such as is convenient for the Feverish season'd with herbs and other cool things as Lettice Endive and the like also with the juyce of unripe Grapes and Vinegar and other cold juyces and seeing these Delirous know not what they do and oftentimes do not devour their meat only but also other abominable things we must not humor them but when the Diet ought to be Slender we must withdraw it and they must be fed with Barley Prunes and other lighter things Let their Drink whiles they rage be Water taken of it self or first prepared with boyling to which we may mix Syrups as was said before for preparation and alteration sake Those things which concern sleep motion and the affects of the mind shall be explained now in the Symptoms For the symptoms which happens besides Raving are others also supervenient to them both by reason of the disease of the head and of the Fever accompanying to which we ought to have respect Watchings by reason of the excessive heat of the brain are common and hurtful to them which in general are corrected with the same Remedies that resist the disease as hath been said seeing they cool and moisten especially the external ones to which upon that account are added things soporiferous and privately for their sake soporiferous medicines are given mix with Cordials as shal be said in its place Inordinate motions do so disturb them by reason of their depraved imagination that they endeavor by all force to rise out of the bed and to cloath themselves and if they be not restrained to make an escape whence oftentimes being void of reason they fall from a high place and kil themselves which unquietness is likewise amended by things given to cause sleep seeing the mind being at rest the body must needs rest also and that they may be restrained which is very hard seeing madness makes them strong they are oftentimes bound in bonds the which notwithstanding somtimes when they are angry upon that account and more fierce we ought to loose them and give them way a little yet using great caution that they hurt not themselves nor others A Suppression of the Urin is a Symptom peculiar to them whenas being so intent upon their imaginations they feel not the provocation of the Urin and therefore care not to make it by the retaining of which the Bladder being too much filled and distended afterwards voids the water with a great deal of difficulty the which we must cure by seasonably admonishing them and shewing the Chamber-pot and by applying external Remedies of which we wil treat of in the retention of Urine The driness blackness of the Tongue which denote the highest burning of a Feaver is corrected as shal be explained in its place Thirst doth very much torment them by reason of their heat it is corrected by altering things cold and moist especially given in their Drink as hath been already said and shall be said in thirst in general Their weakness and overthrow of strength known by the Pulse seeing their unquietness otherwise stirring them up doth seem to add strength to them as hath been said is repaired by a course of Diet and cordiall medicines used inwardly and outwardly as also with them already mentioned To undertake to Cure Folly bred in a man from his birth by an evil conformation The Cure of Folly from an evil conformation and distemper seeing it is impossible to fashion otherwise the parts once formed were to attempt to wash and make a Blackmore white as also it is impossible to change any thing if this happen from a perverse temperament the which notwithstanding is somtimes amended by the change of age by Gelding as hath been said in madness where also custom may do much by which it came to pass that Cimon for love of Iphigenia when he knew his foolish behaviour did displease her by little and little changing of them from a Fool became a wise man as this whether true or fabulous is agreeable to reason If madness be sprung from Putrefaction The Cure of madness from putifaction a speck Worms in the brain or a Speck or Worms as they would have it by reason of vapors sent from thence to the brain we can scarcely fit a Cure for these which are almost hid from us yet if that Cure which was described in madness arising from a melancholly humor be also applied here it wil be no fault but if the malady be grievous 't is incurable CHAP. IV. Of a Defatigation of the mind The Kinds VVE call that a Defatigation of the mind when the internal senses are exercised more or longer than 't is convenient or when they rest not at the time prescribed them by sleep which is the rest of the mind or not sufficiently as it comes to pass when they sleep not in too much Watchings or when they sleep but unquietly by reason of grievous dreams the which both in the sound and sick do somtimes cause weakness create trouble and increase diseases Too much and preternatural Watchings are Watchings when they sleep not at all for some daies months or not sufficiently fill up the term of seven or eight hours or more according to the custom of natures seeing Children sleep more than they wake These whether they be symptoms of Diseases or happen without them do at last bring hurt seeing they heat the spirits by their too much use and exagitation whence it happens that the humors also are set on fire especially the hot ones and the same are at length consumed And hence must needs follow at last a weakness of some functions of the body as the animal spirits being wasted there is some defect of the internal senses and by consequence of the external also chiefly of the sight seeing for the exercise of that there is need of so great a quantity of spirits and then by a certain consecution there being a dissipation made of the vital spirits also there follows a languishing of the whol body and the natural spirits being offended too the natural actions are hurt and chiefly concoction not because sleep as they think doth digest but because concoction that it may be rightly performed wanting more plentiful spirits and heat for want of them is for the most part offended sooner then the other actions And also immoderate watchings do bring troubles and pains to certain parts and that because not only â—he spirits are heated but the humors also by infection from them whence the spirits and blood by too much watching growing hot first of all in the Head a pain of the Head redness of the Eyes and hot tears flowing thither an itching doth befall the watchful that they are often forced to rub their Eyes and if they last long and the mass
of blood be inflamed diary Feavers are caused and if this Symptom urge in other Feavers the heat being increased the symptoms of the Feavers grow stronger Choler Also in the cholerick growing hot for this reason through too much watching and poured into the Stomach and boyling there breeds gnawings of the Stomach and other accidents of it and by consent with that pains of the Head and Megrims Preternatural Dreams are Dreams when in sleep the external senses only do seem to rest but the internal do not only lightly exercise themselves as is in natural Dreams but immoderatly and with vehemency and labor as if they were waking although exercise themselves depravedly and do also exagitate and diffipate the spirits that being rouzed up they seem to be rather wearied than refreshed Immoderate Dreams that make the body weary and weak are those which besides the custom do last longer almost all night but this happens to some naturally that Dreams do then begin first when the vapors which caused a sound sleep are now discust after the first sleep as they call it but on others as labouring men tired with labor and sleping presently after meat sleep so steals on them by reason of the plenty of vapors that they have no dreams at all or if they have some wandring they no waies remember them the which also though it be natural too yet that Country fellow not thinking it convenient that he could rehearse no Dreams to his Companions amidst their Cups for this reason takes counsel of the Physitian and receiving from him a strong purging medicine sleeping upon it dreamt that he shit a bed afterwards awaking he found in very deed that he had dreamed and that a true and fatal one Grievous dreams are which do not only lightly exercise the mind as natural ones which therefore seeing they are not very much imprinted on the Brain they do easily slip out of the memory either wholly or in part that being wakend they can recite little of them but do very much exagitate it and do no less affect the senses then if those things did truely fal out which appear to them in their sleep in so much that oftentimes being strucken with fear they suddainly start up or if nevertheless they continve in their sleep they are altogether unquiet and toss their Body variously in their sleep Sweat and somtimes Talk Prate much Cry Laugh call out Nay and sleeping still nevertheless rise out of their Bed and as Galen writes it hath befallen himself they walk and survey many places concerning which the common people perswade themselves many superstitious and old wives tales how they can climbe without danger if they be not hindred nor wakend being called by their own name those difficult places otherwise impossible for the wakening to do many grievous dreams of which nature t is well known to all are dayly objected both to the sick and otherwise sound But they are such if horrible things are presented to their minds whiles they are a sleep with which they are either vehemently frighted as when they dream that they are in danger by some violence offered a fal from on high of Fire Water or by reason of some great offence or for the loss of some grateful thing represented to them they are Angry Sad and Greive Also Portentous Prognosticating Dreams especially those that portend any evil do very much astonish and though they presage some good nevertheless they move a little the which so many sacred and prophane Histories do testefie are sent to men from a good and evil Spirit The Causes The Cause both of watchings and dreams one is supernatural depending on God or the Devil another natural from custome which is a second nature or it lies in the Head and it is a too great Commotion or Perturbation of the Animal Spirits or a hot distemper of the Brain The great and good God as he makes known his wil to us watching and puts it into our minds so also he will somtimes admonish us by Dreams of things to come or things present or past somtimes by sending of visions unknown by themselves The preternatural cause of Dreams Yet the interpretation of which he graunted to some as to Joseph Daniel but at other times he hath set before our Eyes as it were in Dreams the thing it self as it is as to Pharaoh the Dearness of provision to come to Daniel the Monarchies to come Julius Caesars present danger to his Wife the past Death of Ceyres the Husband to his Wife Alcyone And the Devil also by Gods permission as he doth often didude the sleeping with false Images and Apparitions of things so also he troubles men in their Dreams with true ones sometimes that signifies something certain if he can hurt them seeing otherwise he is a lyar Custome oftentimes makes men to be raised at a certain hour of the Night and to watch a long while Custome is the cause of watchings and Dreams as we have oftentimes already taught that Nature being accustomed doth observe her times in excretions also and others of her Natural Operations which is very familiar with old folks in watchings who though they be Prone to Sleep and presently betake themselves to Bed yet being roused either about midnight or sooner or later can Sleep no more And after this is wont to be accustomary to them care and thought in the interim joyning themselves by which whiles they search into and dispose of divers things they are awakend more Also some dreams come to a habit from a certain Custome that afterwards for a long time they dream dreams of the same kind and do not only conceive them in their minde but by words and deeds express them in their sleep The too much commotion or perturbation of the Animal Spirits A commotion of the Animal Spirits is the cause of watchings are the cause of preternatural watchings and dreams which come to pass the internal senses being too much affected for then the Spirits being stirred because they can not rest they can no waies sleep but watch or if they do sleep either they are vexed neverthelels with too much Dreams or those more grievous which impulsion of the internal senses either befals them by accident by reason of the external senses or by it self For the external senses being very much moved by their proper objects do move also the internal and suffer them not to be quiet or if they be quiet nevertheless they disturb and force them as the sight moved by too much light the hearing by a great noise turnes away sleep and makes the sleepers unquiet or rouzeth them up because silence and darkness are rather required to sleep the touch especially affected with pain and trouble doth cause watchings Upon which account in Diseases that torment with pain they are also troubled with watchings and in dreams they represent the pain to them asleep and those that are troubled with a pain at
the Heart the stomach being to ful they sleep unquietly the which happens also to them who suffer any other trouble in Diseases as to those that are very thirsty who watch by reason of the thirst or if these kind of people do sleep they are tormented also in their dreams with a desire to drink as it betides them also who are vext with a difficulty of breathing in divers Diseases of the Breast and in a Dropsie that they cannot sleep or if they do sleep being straitend with danger of suffocation they have also such Dreams The senses also being too much moved by themselves by a vehement intention of the minde upon some things the spirits being stirred at it comes to pass in vehement and lasting passions of the Minde viz. in Joy Anger Fear Sadness Love they are afflicted with too much watchings or if they do sleep nevertheless they are exagitated in Dreams with their affections and also so many Species and Images of things arising from the studies of divers Sciences Arts and human actions being apprehended and imprinted on the Brain do not only exercise the Memory of the waking so that they sleep less but being obsersant to them sleeping and moving the Spirits they spring forth again in their dreams And those things which we met withal either the same day or the precedent daies or a long while before do represent themselves either in the same form that they were in or from a mixture of them diverse forms springing up wonderful apparitions ofter themselves to us which either have not happend or are not to be found in Nature And hence it comes to pass that oftentimes such Dreams by reason of their enormity are thought portentous the Cause of which notwithstanding is Natural viz this commixture of formes as if one hath seen in the day time a fine Horse and a Man he may Dream that he fees a Centaure and the common People by Reason of the diversity of dreams which t is no wonder that they vary so according to so many conceptions of the Mind do perswade themselves by a great error that every one doth portend somthing Also the manner of lying by which the Animal spirits being moved are less quiet in their seats but do easier change their place make much for the causing of more Turbulent Dreams as we see this may be done in Members retained a long while in a non natural Scituation that suffer a numness by reason of the Spirits hindred and in a Vertigo from a wheeling of the Body by reason of the Spirits running up and down as we see it happens by lying one the Back especially the Head bending downwards the Spirits then from the Head penetrating more the Spinal Marrow and so causing motion and sense that though they be not wakend yet nevertheless they are more exagitated in their Dreams Also a Perturbation of the Spirits of the Brain A Perturbation of the Animal Spirits a Cause of Dreams from Impure Filthy Melancholick Vapors or Humors causeth Grievous and Turbulent Dreams and the like apparitions appearing in Sleep and as pleasant and merry Dreams do shew forth a healthful Constitution so these sad and borrid Dreams for the most part shew a Melancholick Constitution and oftentimes Diseases to come and in Diseases of this Nature generated of Melancholly and a Malignat matter together with other accidents of the Brain and Dotages they do vehemently Exagitate a man and also cause watchings but Dioscorides also writes that terrible Dreams are caused from certain things taken as if Beans Lentils Fitches be eaten and also if the seeds of Bind weed and Venemous Tree Trefoile be taken doubtless the Spirits being wont to be troubled by their strength they are cause Dreams A hot Distemper of the Brain A hot Distemper of the Brain is the cause of watchings and Dreams also heating the Spirits because it makes them unquiet may be the Cause both of Watchings and Preternatural Dreams which somtimes happens from hot Vapors proceeding from things taken as hot Meats and especially Wine which though it cause sleep by its Narcotickness yet it breeds unquiet Dreams a hot Evaporation from Humors or Excrements or the Bloody Humor it self inflaming the Brain as they do produce a pain of the Head so also Raving Watchings and Grievous Turbulent Dreams and such as resemble the Nature of the Humor oftentimes in Feavers in a Phrensie and other hot Diseases The Cure In the Cure we must respect the Cause and the Symptome The Cure of Dreams from a preternatural Cause but we have said the Cause of watchings and Dreams was from God the Devil Custome an Agitation and Perturbation of the Spirits and heat of the Brain The Dreams sent by God because they are good and nothing proceeds from God but what is good or tends to a good end we cannot nor onght not to change the tricks of the Devil are turnd away by Prayers Fasting amendment of life and a stedfast Faith Custome as a second Nature is not easily changed The Cure of watchings and Dreams from Custome but by a contrary Custome wherefore they that are wont to be raised at a certain hour of night let them go to bed later or some other way let them change this Custome and in time of sleep as much as they can let them abstain from deep thoughts also if Dreams do so accustomarily vex men that they are unquiet Skip Talk Walk then they are somtimes to be wakened by frighting for hence it comes to pass that that fear repeated at length offering it self to them in their Dreams doth rouse them up of their own accord and by degrees turnes them from this evil Custome As one that was wont to walk in the night being somtimes beaten with rods at length left off this Custome and that Cobler who because he thought in his Dreams that he was sowing and with opening his Arms as they are wont to do drawing their thred he smote his companion by him being oftentimes soundly kickt again by the same man feigning himself to Dream that he was riding at last he was freed from this Error But if they be compeld to watch or grieved with Dreams from the too great plenty of Spirits the Causes which exagitate them must first be turned away as if sleep be hindered by too much light or noise or they sleep unquietly these things must be declined by inducing of darkness and rest if affects of the Minde do cause it as hath been said in that Species of Alienation of Minde they must be corrected and those things be given which can bring gladness and also procure rest as Wine but especially if too great an intention upon some thing and Ratiocination made on it do hinder sleep and the minde cannot be drawn from it to take rest sleep is the easier procured after this manner The minde being called away from the former by the Meditation of another thing as we do observe those
waies recover her sight any more that this also doth happen if the whol brain be hurt by the same distemper hath been shewed in a stupidity but then the rest of the senses are abolisht too and it s easily known by that whence the cause proceeds as if it be from externals 'tis plain of it self That a Hot Distemper of the Brain doth bring together with a Depravation of the Mind also A hot distemper of the brain is the cause of error of the sight and of Imagination a Hallucination of the sight and the said Imagination in which various false Images of things are offerred to the sight hath been said in a Phrensie As also it hath been explained there A malignant distemper in the brain is the cause of error in the sight that that distemper which ariseth from the Perturbation of the spirits in the Brain from Malignant humors together with Madness and Melancholly doth likewise represent false Apparitions to the sight Too much Driness of the Optick Nerve induced by burning Feavers the easier into that Nerve A dry distemper of the Brain is the cause of blindness seeing it is thick doth produce a Blindness remaining after these Feavers The beginning of the Nerves being comprest or bedewed as we have shewed that an Apoplexy is caused in which all the Senses are taken away at once so also if this be only about the rise or meeting of the Optick Nerves or in the other carriage of them out of the Eye which then must needs be from an afflux either of a bloody or flegmatick humor it is somtimes wont to happen that a Blindness doth suddenly follow if the humor presently fall down thither But more commonly the Optick Nerves being irrigated or too much moistened by the watry flegmatick excrements of the Brain which in this middle seat of the Basis of the Brain where the optick Nerves break forth alwaies flow down to the Infundibulum which is next to these Nerves and together with the Nerves and neer them break forth into the Chamber of the Eye and amplitude of the Nostrils a darkness of sight is wont to happen in old folks and flegmatick or if they be refrigerated by the same humor or be comprest in those streights rather then obstructed as they would have it a blindness also is wont to follow which abolition or weakness of the sight together with the hurt of the rest of the senses happens if this fault be extended to their rise or progress in the Basis of the Brain or the sight only is abolisht if that seat chiefly be affected and that commonly in both Eyes by reason of the meeting of the Optick Nerves and their short passage to the Eye that is rare that one Nerve only can be so affected the which doth proceed from flegm or a waterish humor as is sufficiently manifest by the signs of that humor abounding in the brain and it is easily known also that a Nerve is affected when nothing appears in the Eye which can bring such loss or Obscurity of the sight neither have we found this sign to be true which they have thought most certain to wit if the unsound Eye being comprest the Apple is not dilated this comes to pass by default of the Nerve because the influx of the Spirit into the same is impeded seeing the animal spirit doth not distend the Eye like wind neither fils it up but persists in the netlike Nerve Hither also shal be referred that not unusual Cause The Contusion of the visory Nerve in the brain is the cause of blindness but by no man as I know rightly described of that blindness which is somtimes left after grievous and frequent Convulsions the which is not from an afflux of humor as they would have it but because in those great Convulsions by the Convulsion fits of all the parts and the Eyes also in which they also oftentimes appear convulsive and very much stretcht out and bowed down the Optick Nerve growing to them being thus attracted and too much distended and that being wreathed too and hurt and the passage or visory spirit being hindred it happens that the Eyes are deprived of Seeing and that it proceeds herefrom we have found out by diligent examination and consideration The Substance of the Brain being hurt as by an Apoplexy there is a privation of all the senses The solution of continuity in the visory Nerve of the Brain is the cause of Blindness so a Nerve being contused or wounded there which some do testifie hath somtimes happened from a puncture made by the Forehead a manifest Blindness by reason of the Solution of Continuity or a Callus left hath suddenly happened and so from a blow A Weak Constitution of the Brain the spirits being dissipated and wasted by reason of old Age or by some grievous and long continued disease too much evacuations especially of Blood and Seed whence is a great effusion of spirits and immoderate Venery for that reason doth very much prejudice the sight A Weakness of the Brain the Cause of weak Sight also by reason of too much Watchings as hath been said there it induceth an Amblyopy or weakeness of sight and also of the other sensenses especialy of those that have a more subtile object as of Hearing often familiar to old folk as appears in these external causes of them remaining in those that are recovering and accustomary to those that live intemperately Besides this cause which proceeds from a defect of spirits which there can be no doubt we can by no means be induced to feign another here in the thickness or thinness or subtilty of the Spirits as many indeed do propose these things with more subtilty than truth out we are moved by many things to dissent from them seeing the animal spirit being wel nigh aethereal doth no waies suffer such changes but is most easily dissipated as no man neither hath ever dared so much as to fansie the Vital Spirits to grow thick or be attenuated as also wesee unless now the defect of seeing happen from the Spirits its other discommodities whence things far distant or neer are less truly discerned do happen rather from the fault of the Instrument as by and by shall be explained not by reason of a certain thickness or subtilty of the spirits as they have thought seeing they are so subtile that they cannot be more subtile Divers sorts of hurt of the sight are wont to proceed by reason of the perturbation or agitation of the spirits of the Brain and the brain also being affected by consent with them as if being mixt with a hot subtile vapor A preturbation of the spirits of the brain by vapors is the cause of error and Imagination with an alienation of mind either turbid or malignant they do not only pervert the mind but corrupt also the sight so that they think they see many things which are not as if from the
polluted coloured shining as it may diversly exhale from divers humors and Choler as shal be said by and by then there are caused Imaginations also with a Vertigo by which there falsly represented to the sight divers small bodies Insects Atoms Colours Shinings or if by their obscurity rather than thickness as they would have it they darken the sight they cast Clouds Fumes or Darkness before the Eyes together with the Vertigo in the said Scotodinos affect for though they see nothing as formerly hath been said of their Eyes closed yet they may feel a Vertigo The which Imaginations notwithstanding and Obtenebrations or Darknesses do oftentimes also happen apart without a Vertigo if that Circumaction of the spirits in the Head be not made but only a mixture of the Vapors with them the which for what reason it can befall the sight in so great a variety of Opinions concerning this thing we must a little more diligently search out Many have beleeved these Vapors ascending and breaking forth of the Chamber of the Eyes which are before the Eyes like a Fume do either deceive or hinder the sight being moved with this reason because they saw tears provoked and the Eyes look red from Vapors which in like manner did penetrate to the Eyes and prick them yet this seeing it rather comes to pass from the pricking of the sensible coat of the Nostrils by reason of its communication with the adnate coat of the Eyes this comparison will no waies take place and seeing the vapor if it did so come under the orbite of the Eyes and creep about them it would presently fly forth before it could touch them we reject this Opinion as weak But others have thought that these Vapors do wholly go under the Eyes and penetrate even to their innermost parts so that intrinsecally they are seen by the Eyes but whenas after this manner there is no passage to the Globe of the Eye and that is so thick by reason of the horny coat on every side whol that the Vapors can no waies pass through it into which a Needle can hardly be thrust when a Suffusion is to be taken off this Opinion of some is vain and by so much the more foolish because they would palliate and cover their errors with the perspirability of our body But others that they might explain after what manner these vapors might enter into the Eye seeing they knew that there was no other entrance into the chamber of the Eye then of the Optick Nerve Vein and Artery they have writ that these Vapors indeed did first assault the Brain but from thence descended by the Veins and Arteries to the Eye not understanding what we have deliverd in our Anatomy that these vessels only run through the adnate coat of the Eye and do no where come neither into the horny coat of the Eye nor the inner part of the Eye seeing if blood should enter the Eye by its colour it would represent all things red unto the sight as it comes to pass when being poured out of the Vessels it falls upon the Horny coat for this reason it hath been proved by this demonstration that the Vapors are not carried neither afthis manner to the Eyes Others more considerately teach that it comes to pass by reason of the optick Nerve which they hold to be the chief instrument of sight the which we also do admit of yet we grant not that this is done for that reason as they who have thought that the vapors can enter the optick Nerve and through that as through a pipe are carried from within the Scul even to the Eye seeing turbid vapors can no waies be carried through the Nerves ful of animal spirit and seeing this is against the nature of vapors to be carried downwards unless they be driven by some violence which here is not at all But we rather probably think that it happens thus to wit that these vapors assaulting the fore parts of the Brain especially and being confounded with the animal spirits there with the brightness of the Images which are offered to the Brain by the optick Nerve where all sensation and distinction is made by the mixture of some sparks by which their light is rendred unequall or darkned in certain places they represent to the Brain these like false apparitions confounded with the true Images in this hurt of Seeing which is called a little Cloud for that this is done in the Brain and not in the Eyes the Vertigo which for the most part doth accompany these imaginations as hath been formerly demonstrated doth sufficiently shew the spirits then in the Brain being affected and agitated too whence they that then labor of a Vertigo have not these imaginations but seem to themselves wholly to be turned about and a Scotomie or Obtenebration of the sight that they become almost blind sometimes following these little Clouds the spirits being then wholly obscured by a multitude of vapors doth evidently declare it all which hath been sufficiently demonstrated to happen in that part of the Brain which gives the Original to the optick Nerves and is higher than the rest and therfore seems chiefly to prejudice Seeing but not in the Eyes if it proceed from vapors As in an internal fault of the Eyes arising from a Coat growing there we shal by and by shew that that these Clouds also and the other aforesaid may be offered to the sight and the sight also be wholly obscured in that called A Suffusion of the Black of the Eye wherefore these little Clouds generated from vapors they have falsly called by the name of a Suffusion because they thought that then also vapors were spred over the Eyes and did there generate a little skin which we have more rightly indigitated to be little Clouds Imaginations which also are distinguisht from a true Suffusion by these signs because in a Cloud imagination there is no Speck in the Eyes of the affected these accidents of the sight being objected to both Eyes at once which do somtimes abate and cease and return again at a certain time seeing in a true suffusion the fault appearing in one Eye but scarce perfectly in both at once it hinders the sight without intermission as shal be said there But the Cause of these Evaporations whence a Vertigo imagination and Scotomie proceed may consist in divers parts of the body seeing somtimes vapors raised from the lower parts are sent into the Head most commonly they proceed from the Stomach in which a cholerick humor especially bringing a hot subtile evaporation and sending it not only into the Nose as the vapor rising from Onions Radishes Mustard is wont only to vellicate the Nostrils and presently again is dissipated but also into the head it self sometimes causeth a Vertigo somtimes Imaginations which for the most part imitating the nature of Choler somtimes are yellowish somtimes green or blackish and seeing Choler in the Stomach is most fierce and
boyling hot whiles it is empty and the vapors then being hindred are the more freely carried upwards it happens that the said accidents are troublesome to the cholerick whiles they are yer fasting and that upon the taking of meat because the vehemency of Choler is abated and the vapors represt they grow milder and at last cease the which happens also the vapors in the head being discust of their own accord and so much the sooner by how much they are more subtile till new evaporations being made these evils do return but it is known that this proceeds from Choler by the bitterness of the mouth and gnawing at the mouth of the stomach which they call the heart and by other signs of this humor which also somtimes brings with the same labor a pain of the Head too with a Vertigo The same vapors proceeding from the Mesaraick Veins in which the cholerick juyces are wont oftentimes to abound as hath been shewed elsewhere as by those vapors raised from the same place and carried upwards by the Veins and Arteries intermitting Feavers hypochondriacal Melanchollies do invade a man by intervals so also they oftentimes raise the said symptoms which is done the vapors being carried upwards from thence through the Veins and somtimes through the Arteries which are annext to the Mesaraick Veins then especially when those vapors are subtile that they induce rather these accidents than Perturbations of the mind which hath been shewed do rather proceed from their malignity the which therefore do somtimes produce Vertigoes only or as they are qualified Images and Scotomies together with them or without them which we had rather alleadg as the truer cause than Pretend Crudities from which Wind rather than these like Vapors are generated But also from some other seat of the body these like vapors raised from a thinner blood through the Veins and Arteries may cause the same as from that part which is about the Womb as the Courses being stopt this symptom also doth happen as other also oftentimes upon this account and from some part of the Foot or of another member a vapor proceeding like to some Air being carried upwards as we have observed it hath been the Cause of an Epilepsie so also of a Vertigo whence somtimes Vertigoes go before an Epilepsie and presage that wil presently follow when from the like vapors vellicating the Brain Epilepsies also may be caused as shal be said in its place But the cause of these diseases sometimes consists in the Head it self in which not only spirituous hot and plentiful blood collected may cause the same as hath been said formerly but also from humors contained there the like Vapors raised and mixt with the spirits may produce these accidents which we do beleeve doth arise rather from the Blood of the Vessels and Ventricles of the Brain and the humors mixt with it than from flegm the which also we do not deny to be a cause of the Vertigo but not because it sends forth vapors but after this manner now to be explained 'T is certain that a Repletion of the Brain caused by a watry humor The Fluctuation of a watry flegmatick humor in the Brain is the cause of a Vertigo as well that Serous as Flegmatick doth cause that Vertigo which is wont to precede and threaten an Apoplexy or Carus which being frequent and of long continuance unless it be prevented is wont to terminate in these Diseases with great danger of life but it doth not this by cooling and moistning the brain seeing this agitation of the spirits which is in a Vertigo would so rather be hindred than promoted but this comes to pass when filling up the windings and spaces of the Brain by its great plenty filling the Skul and also generating plenty of Wind which are oftener ingendred from waterish humors than Vapors it waves in it for then as in the cover of the heart water abounding doth cause a Palpitation of the heart when it is stirred so here also it every where filling the Brain when the Head is moved the humor being stirred and following the motion of the Head as we have said of the spirits it gives such a sense to the head which doth sufficiently appear by their relation who complain of such a fluctuation and the Skul being opened we have often found an immense plenty of this humor as hath been said in an Apoplexy and in him in whom even now we said that the Arteries too were grown hard we have found so great plenty of it that the Skul being opened it hath come forth by floods the which together with that obstruction of the Arteries producing a double cause of the Vertigo made it so lasting and incurable in which that humor for continuance watring the Brain had bred that Carus of which he died But it is known that this is the cause of a Vertigo not only from that sense of fluctuation but also from other signs of flegm abounding explained in a Carus and Apoplexy to which those that are prone become at once sleepy and more stupid and at last fall into these Diseases unless prevented By occasion of the Visory Nerve implanted into the Eye and dilated like the form of a Net The Visory or Net-like Nerve in the Eye is the cause of the hurt of seeing most discommodities of the fight do happen seeing that is the principal Organ of seeing and that for the most part by consent of other parts when by reason of them it is disappointed of those things which are required to Seeing viz. the spirit and the proper object or else it cannot rightly enjoy them for otherwise being immersed in the Eye 't is so grounded that 't is scarcely troubled with any disease unless by consent of the Brain It is disappointed of the Animal spirit either altogether in blindness A Privation of the animal spirit in the Net-like Nerve is cause of Blindness or darkness of sight or in part in a weakness of the sight by reason of the Optick Nerve such as are Distemper Compression Hurts and Weakness proceeding rather from the defect of spirits than that fansied thickness and subtlty of them The same happens also the spirits flying from the visory Nerve towards their beginning in the Eye prest a long time and by consequence the Net-like Nerve by reason of humors filling up the Eye it sometimes happens that they are afterwards so long blind til the spirits return again And also the spirits being too much idle in the visory Nerve and as it were laid asleep or being retreated when there is no use of them the Nerve it self being made dull in those who being kept in darkness for a long time as in Prison or other dark places have seen nothing for a long time when they return into the light they scarce recover their fight or slowly or never any more And seeing the Animal spirit hath a constant need of the vital this by swooning
to search out the true waies through which the humors may be carried than being ignorant of the proper causes of Diseases alwaies to fly to that common refuge of Ignorance Defluxions and I know not what transpirability of the body But we having throughly searcht into these things a long time and much and by long observation having more neerly contemplated innumerable suffusions and their beginning encrease and pricking we have found that the cause of this snivel doth proceed from the watry humor acquiring some tenacity for that as hath been said formerly in the explication of that and other humors seeing from the birth it is more tenacious for we have seen also oftentimes that those new born have brought this fault with them into the world or it hath presently followed upon them either being dried by process of age in old age in which it often happens or arising from very hot Diseases after Burning Feavers or Inflammations of the Eyes or from a vehement external heat in those who perform most business sitting by the fire and looking upon it or the watry humor being thickened by the use of Collyries too hot drying and being made more viscous as hath been said by degrees it grows to the brink of the membrane of this hole which it continually washes and by little and little thickening in that part where it stops up the hole as we see the said Skin grows on Frumenty for that reason as it hath been shewed being hardened it looseth its brightness and successively but in a long time being converted into a Skin it takes away the sight which if it be deprest as shal be afterwards explained the remaining portion of the warry humor on whose superficies it grew being yet transparent the Sight presently returns but if that also by much drying hath already lost its brightness as most commonly it happens although the superficies of it be taken off nevertheless they remain blind and by reason of that the Oculists labor wil be in vain The too much narrowing or Imminution as they call it The narrowness of the Apple is the cause of a Nyctalopy of that hole in the Grapy Coat wich is called the Apple doth scarce take away the Sight when even thorough the narrowest hole the light may enter the Eye and illuminate it as much as is sufficient for seeing whence we have observed that those who from their birth have happened to have a very small Apple nevertheless do see as acutely as those that have it large may sometimes more acutely and things more distant and as we can behold the Sun through a little hole with less offence to the Eye so they are less offended than others by an external brightness and great light of which seeing they have a more abundant need to see wel beyond others it comes to pass that a little before night or darkness somwhat growing on they see less than by a ful light this is the chief cause of that Nyctalopie in which they see not sufficiently by a sleight brightness of the Moon Stars or light set up although this also as hath been formerly explained may happen by reason of an obscuration of the horny coat or humors because then also they have need of a greater light that they may be illuminated neither is a smal Apple observed in all those that are Nyctalopous or cannot see in the Night Which as it is born with some so it can scarce come to pass as some teach that by reason of the spirits distending the Eye or so great driness of the Globe of the Eye that by that means the Apple may wholly fall together as somtimes it happens from a wound of the Eye the humors flowing forth and the coats falling together they become wholly blind as hath been declared formerly A Dilatation of the Apple called Mydriasis by shedding plenty of light into the Eye A Dilatation of the Apple or a Mydriasis is the cause of an evening sight hinders the cleerness of the sight darkening it with too much brightness and if the enlarging of it be great in a light somwhat more obscure and darkish they see more rightly than in that too much shining and that by reason of the internal brightness of the Eye sufficiently illuminating the Air for seeing as we have had an example of this rare disease in a certain Foundling living in our Hospital the year 1625. who by day time and in presence of light was blind but by night and in the dark did see the smallest things hence we have observed that amongst Birds the Owls and amongst Animals the Cat which also do see by night can by twinckling contract the hole of the Apple and of their own accord dilate it again and so streighten it at the brightness of the Light or a Candle that only an oblong black cleft doth appear but by night and in the dark dilate it so that the whol former region of the Circle seems black and for that cause Owls also receive obscure Images with a very open Eye and in the day time that they may not be hurt by them too much appearing they joyn them again and covet darkness For otherwise this largeness or narrowness of the Apple makes little for the seeing things distant better or less as some have thought seeing these defects of seeing which we have called the yong old mens Sights may happen as we have often observed both to those endued with a long and a narrow Apple and what I have observed in many and in my self that though the Apple of one Eye be far larger in the same man than that of the other Eye yet the seeing is alike in both Eyes neither could we observe yet that though such a dilatation of the Apple do happen the things which are seen should be represented less than they are as some have been opinionated But for the most part this dilatation of the Apple befalls certain living Creatures from the birth as those for which it was convenient to see by night and unless it altogether exceed a mean otherwise than hath been said it doth no waies prejudice the seeing but rather seems to bring some benefit as one hath declared unto me who seeing he had a most large Eye-ball he could comprehend and know by his sight without moving his head not only those things which were before his face but those things vhich were far apart on one side which could not be seen by others unless by bending the head that waies the which I did so much the easier beleeve him telling me seeing this hath happened to me my self in my youth and at one look at the Table I was able to see at once many sitting round about and to take notice of their gestures but if that by a wound or some other hurt the apple of the eye be rather dilacerated than dilated than upon that account because the humors are too much carried to the fore-parts as
Carawaies one dram Peony Mace each half a dram Cubebs one scruple Leaves of Eyebright Marjoram each two scruples Lozenges or Sugar of Roses the weight of them all make a Pouder Of those mentioned Lozenges may be made as also of the usual species especially of Diatrion Piperion Diacuminum Dianisum Arromaticum Rosatum Diagalanga Rosata Novella Diambra Diamoschum adding of those that are more temperate Diarrhodon Trionsantalon the Cordial species and of Gems After meals Pouders are used especially to drive away Vapors and to order a good concoction after this manner Take of the following seeds half coverd with Sugar Coriander one ounce Anise half an ounce Fennel two drams Carawaies Cubebs condited also each one dram and an half Leaves of Eybright Marjoram red Roses each one dram and an half Cinnamon three drams Mace half a dram the species Diacitonites cum specibus one dram Sugar the weight of them all make a Pouder let him take one spoonful Some add to the pouders after Meals Senna two scruples and so they think the Vapors are more strongly represt Others prepare them thus of Rhubarb in manner following to repress Vapors yet more powerfully Take of Rhubarb two drams Cammels hey Origany each one dram Tables of Sugar of Roses two ounces with syrup of Mint make a mixture let him take one spoonful one hour before Dinner If he going to bed doth swallow two or three grains of Mastich the Vapors are very much repressed In like manner dry Sugard Confections are taken after meat made of seeds of Coriander Senna Anise Carawaies Cummin and Cubebs covered with Sugar Citron pil and others But also the bare seed of Fennel or Carawaies or Juniper berries eaten in the morning do good in a Vertigo and weakness of the sight especially if afterwards they so receive their breath with their hands before their mouth that thence it ascend upwards to the Eyes The usual Electuaries are approved of to be taken in the morning as Treacle Mithridate Asyncritum if they be very old Also the Tryphera of King Sabor and Hollerius his Electuarium Regium by themselves or mixt and taken with other things Of the other Conserves and Conditures that are kept and are convenient here we may make such an Electuary Take of the Conserves of Sage of Rosemary flowers Marjoram French Lavender Lavender Betony flowers of Clove Gilly-flowers Groundpine each half an ounce of Roses Borrage Diacorus each one ounce Emblick Myribolans condited one Citron pill one ounce Leaves of Eybright Organe each one dram Fennel seed one dram and an half with the Syrup of Green Ginger make an Electuary let him take in the morning the quantity of a Chesnut Or the following Confection which is most effectual may be made thus Take of the roots of Peony Missleto of the Oak each one dram the leaves of Eyebright three drams Marjoram Rosemary flowers each two drams Organy one dram Fennel seed two drams Anise Carawaies each one dram Cummin Hartwort Basil Peony each half a dram Cubebs Mace Cloves Cinnamon each half a dram Corral two scruples Pearl half a scruple the Skul of a Man one dram Ivory half a dram make a Pouder mix it with Honey of Rosemary flowers or with the juyce boyled let him take in the morning the quantity of a Nutmeg Stilled Waters are commended which maybe taken by themselves or after other things as Cinnamon Water somtimes taken And such a one may be provided Take of Vervain Eyebright Rue Marjoram Groundpine each half an ounce seeds of Fennel two drams Cinnamon half an ounce steep them in Mallago Wine and distil them let him take somtimes one spoonful to which you may add Sugar that it may be the more grateful the rest you shal find in the cold Diseases of the Head The Chymists magnifie the Salts Essences and Oyls of the forementioned things As concerning the Course of life that is necessary to the conservation of life it shal be so ordered that the cause of these affects be not augmented by it but rather diminished and the symptoms themselves be mitigated which wil be done by temperance and mediocrity in all things of which we have spoken already as also of the Amulets which are agreeable to the Sight also in the former Cure of the Cause of a Vertigo the other Remedies of it we shal describe by and by in explaining the Oxydorcical or sight-cleering Medicaments The Net-like Nerve being affected by consent The Cure of the want of sight by reason of the Net-like Nerve in the Eye affected by consent which is made for the spirits sake with which it ought to abound if this come to pass by reason of the influx of the spirit hindred by occasion of the Brain and the Optick Nerve growing to it what must be foretold and acted hath been already explained in their diseases And if Blindness be caused by pressing of the Eye the spirits flying back and staying for a while by and by that ceaseth of its own accord the spirits returning back again unless there have been some eminent hurt caused But if they being laid asleep in the Nerve by reason of long continued darkness cannot for a while enjoy the light which is at length offerd to them and they are Blind or dark-sighted then the spirits must be raised again and brought into act with Light by degrees not by too bright an one at first by and by offering a greater light that so by little and little they may accustome to endure until they come again unto the perfect custome of seeing But the contrary must be done in those whose sight is darkned by too much brightness that they may the sooner and truer receive the use of it to wit by offering them Darkness by degrees first placing them in the shade then in a more obscure place at last for a while in the dark it self Which custom of Light and darkness in them both being reduced by degrees unless it do good there is danger of a persevering blindness or dulness of sight the which we ought to foretel not neglecting in the mean time sight-clearing Remedies But if the Net-like Nerve be affected by consent because it is destitute of the external light and that ceaseth by reason of darkness induced in the air by and by by the brightness of the Sun or fire besides which nothing hitherto hath been found out which can sufficiently do it that being illuminated again the light returns and the Eye sees again But if the light be withdrawn from it by the impediment of the humors or Membranes of the Eye the Cure shal be declared in their faults If a defect of humors of the Eye cause Blindness The Cure of Blindness from a defect of the humors of the Eye all the humors falling forth together through a Wound or Ulcer nothing must be attempted here besides the Cure of the Wound and Ulcer which shal be explained in the pains of the Eyes and the evil must be
the outward sound is various so is this also the diverfities of which as of that cannot otherwise be rightly explained unless by comparison and names are given to them almost by an Onomatopaeia And one Species of it is more frequent A tinkling of the Ears is a species of Obaudition which is called a tinkling of the Ears when that sound doth express in the Ears the noise of a little Bell for the most part gives a shril sound when it is struck upon and as the Names sounds it tinkleth Another is a Hissing of the Ears a sound which is heard Hissing a sort of Obaudition and yet not rightly resounding as si the first syllable of the word sounds and as wind when it passeth forcedly through a narrow hole A third Species is a Pulse A Pulsation in the Ears is a sort of Obaudition or Pulsation in the Ears a sound such as offers it self whiles a thing is lightly beaten upon by a blow or sall of a drop of water by course and the first syllable of the Name Pul doth seem also somwhat to signifie it A fourth is a Wave or Fluctuation in the Ears A Fluctuation in the Ears is a sort of Obaudition a sound not unlike to that which is from Waves striking one against another or against other things caused by intermitting courses which also the beginning of that word Fluc doth Elegantly express Besids these sounds those which offer themselves after another manner or are made by a mixture of these they are called by a general name a noise in the Eare. The Causes Every cause of the defect and depravation of hearing is either in the part sending as the Brain The part affected or in the Instrument receiving as the hollow of the Eare. A general fault of the Brain as it brings hurt to the rest of the senses The hurt of hearing from a fault of the Brain so also to the hearing and if it arise in particular about the beginning of the Auditory Nerve or its progress into the Chamber of hearing it doth prejudice the hearing rather then the rest and this befals it either by proper fault some Disease or weakness of it or by consent by reason of Vapors or its proper object A grievous and vehement Disease of the Brain proceeding from a cold Distemper Repletion Eminent hurt as it doth either abolish or debilitate the rest of the senses so also the hearing The which also oftentimes happens from a weakness of the Brain the spirits being wasted and dissipated by reason of old age or of a great Evacuation or some grievous and long continued Disease that even as the sight is hurt upon this occasion so also the Hearing is weaken'd All which how they come to pass hath been said in a Weakness and Consternation of Minde also a hot distemper of it as it is wont to deprave the Minde and the Sight so also in raving it doth not only offer various apparitions to the Eyes but also it represents sounds to the hearing which they think they do hear especially as shall be said by and by the Arteries then beating vehemently in the Ears From a Vapor not yet breaking into the Chamber of the hearing as shall be significd by and by But affecting the Brain as the Minde is depraved and false imaginations are offer'd to the sight so also if it trouble that part where the Auditory Nerve comes forth it may represent false sounds to the hearing for the same reason as hath been said in the error of Sight As we have said the sight is affected with its proper object so also the Nerve being offended and the spirits dissipated by a violent and too great sound penetrating suddainly and abundantly through the Eare even to the Brain somtimes Deafness hath ensued or the Spirits returning but not sufficiently a tinkling in the Ears hath been left which sound also if it be caused with a greater violence may bring dammage also by hurting the Organ of hearing as shall be said by and by By default of the Auditory Instrument The hurt of Hearing from default of the Eare. that receiveth that outward sound the Hearing is hurt divers waies because this Organ also which we cal by the Name of the Eare is composed of many parts as Membranes little bones and the Auditory Nerve all whose several faults may prejudice the Hearing Which we will explain not as we have done in the Eye beginning with Particular parts and a scribing their faults to them but distinguishing the whol passage of the Eare into two Cavities viz. the outward and the inward we will set forth what Diseases occurring in them both do hurt the Hearing The outward Cavity of the Eare which they call the Auditory passage being Extrinsecally open wide and Conspicuous ending even at the Membrane of the drum with which it is stopt containing nothing otherwise in it self besides Aire and admitting the outward sound if it be stopt up or obstructed by divers external Causes occurring or by internal Humors or Tumors whether wholly or only in part or it be otherwise hurt then it happens that the Hearing is hurt which causes also occurring here can only be perceived by our senses or if they lurke more inwardly they may be searcht out by putting in a Probe and if any thing come forth from thence they may be known by that voided forth If the outward Cavity of the Eare be wholly shut up by external Causes which otherwise naturally can no waies be shut as the Eye as it comes to pass the hindermost Cartilage of the Eare being prest A stopping of the Eare is the Cause of the hurt of Hearing either by Application of the Hands or of other Bodies or by the water whiles in swimming the Head is cover'd in it or the Eares being obstructed by some gross matter thrust in or fallen in as by a Kernel or by some living creature which do wholly stop up their Cavities or by water which fallen in doth wholly fil them up the Hearing is so hinder'd that they do not perceive the outward sounds either at all or not rightly as one Eare or both are more or less stopt Unless perhaps that sound be somwhat perceived another way and by another Artifice as by the Mouth we have said may be done holding an Instrument in their Teeth that gives a sound Which we think happens upon a double account both by reason of the Similitude and Consent of the substance of the Teeth in hardness which is almost stony and in smoothness with the Bones of the Chamber of Hearing which bones are very like to the substance of the Teeth and that the sound might be the better caused in them they are most hard and stony and so with the little bones of the Hearing it self endued with the same substance and by Reason of the Nerves lying under the Teeth which are carried thither from the Nerves of the Tongue
a distemper or some hurt by Compression Ligatures of from a wound or some other blow we will now expain As it hath been explained in the Causes of an Apoplexy that an Apoplexy which is a Palsie of the whol Body is generated from Flegm or a Watery Serous Cold moist Excrement of the Brain bedewing the brain or pressing the original of all the Nerves so if this happen in the Nerves a Palsie is generated for such a humor heaped up plentifully in the Head for the causes there assigned and cast off from the Brain in an Apoplexy which it hath first produced or without that falling down from the Head not though the substance of the Spinal Marrow or Nerves but either discending through the Cavity of the Vertebraes of the Back which doth contain the Spinal Marrow and there stopping about the beginning or progress of it or sliding down further through the passages which the paires of Nerves proceeding from the Spinal Marrow do every where run through in the Body without any Connexion or falling from the Head and following the like passages of the Conjugations or pares of Nerves and somwhere sticking about the Nerves in what place soever this happen whether about the Spinal Marrow or about the paires or Conjugations of Nerves by compressing or bedewing them as if this come to pass in the Brain it procreates an Apoplexy so if it happen in the foresaid places it produceth a Palsie of more or fewer parts according as a general or particular Nerve is affected whenas if plenty of Humor flow thither in those narrow places compressing the Nerves with its weight it may also intercept the passage of the Animal spirit as hath been said formerly and by so much the longer if being detained there by a long stop it become thicker and Mucous but principally because by its moisture it continually bedewing filling and cooling the substance of the Nerves it destroies their proper temper in that place and hinders that they cannot be filled with the Animal spirit nor enjoy it whence also by reason of the interposition of this unprofitable part of the Nerve affected the other part of the Nerve which is carried to the parts being also made unsit to exercise its Function there must needs follow if the hurt be great a perfect resolution of the parts unto which these Nerves are communicated and that by so much the more lasting and pertinatious by how much the hurt of the Nerve is greater which we have found by dissection to be the true cause of a Flegmatick Palsie the spinal Marrow being swelled up with a watry Humor that there is no need to phansie here any obstruction in the Nerves which are solid or made up of Filaments nor any Cavity which may admit that thick humor as some do write Or if indeed they do grant this moistning of the Nerves yet to assert that that comes to pass by this means because the Nerves being made longer an slacker they become unfit for motion because as hath been formerly said the Nerves do no waies attract the part and far less to contend that a Palsie is from the same Flegm as obstructing the Nerves for filling of them so it must needs be that Convulsions do ensue which we call Contractions and for that cause to assign the same Cure to them both But also such an excrementitious humor from elsewhere than from the Brain Other humors possessing the Nerves are the cause of a Pâ—lsie and Spasm being carried to the Nerves of certain parts or heaped up there doth induce a Palsie proper to certain parts which oftentimes also mixt with other acrid and cholerick humors or otherwise putrifying not only by bedewing but also by irritating the Nerves doth cause pains offering themselves with the resolution of the part and sometimes ending in Convulsions as this hath been said in Convulsions such a kind of Palsie as hath be en explained in the kinds as is wont also to happen in Colick pains with torments of the Limbs Heat Tingling and other troubles The same might come to pass from Blood out of the Vessels falling into these Cavities of the Nerves and retained there a long time but seeing that doth presently putrifie it doth sooner breed an Inflammation as also if it insinuate it self into the substance of the Nerves whence other accidents do follow rather than those of a Palsie but in the Veins if from a fulness or non-natural situation of a Member as if the Arm be held a long while lift up on high the blood be carried into one place more plentifully because then in some sort it presseth a neighboring Nerve seeing the Nerves are alwaies wont to follow the course of the Veins it rather causeth a light Numness or Tingling than any Disease or long continued Palsie the blood easily going back again and not so stopping but as in the brain it is abundantly powred forth into its ventricles it may may cause an Apoplexy as hath been said there Also a streightening may be caused from a hard Tumor of a Nerve A Tumor of a Nerve is the cause of a Palsie as from a Callus or a Skar after a Wound or bruise growing in the Nerve or from a bunching out arising from the proper clammy Nutriment of a Nerve which doth stop its animal spirit but from an Oedema which also they hold to be the cause of it that cannot be done unless some one would call it Irrigation and swellings of the Nerves as hath been formerly said an Oedema the same also may happen from the Tumors of other parts pressing a Neighbooring Nerve By the fault of conformation or shaping from the birth The fault of conformation in a Nerve is the cause of a Palsie the Nerves being not rightly formed or otherwise carried the same also may come to pass which often happens in the Nerve of the Tongue as we shal by and by explain in the defect of Speech that they are born Dumb and Deaf as hath been said in the hurt of Hearing From a Cold Distemper or too much cooling as we shall by and by explain in the Muscles if not only the Muscles but also the Nerves themselves with the Muscle into which they are inserted A cold distemper of a Nerve is the cause of a Palsie or without that in their course out of the Muscle seeing Cold is a very great enemy to them be so affected that they are either bound up and condensed by Cold whence the animal spirit hath no longer a free passage or be so hurt that their function perisheth then also there follows a Palsie of those parts whose Nerves are affected Trallian teacheth that there is a Palsie caused from driness and heat The Driness of a Nerve the cause of a Palsie which certainly must needs sall out so if it be such as may harden the Nerve that the spirit can pass through it as the same may come to pass from the Causes
only an impaired one manifesting it self depravedly and with trembling and that because whiles the Muscle doth endeavor to lift up the Member and it cannot keep it so long by reason of its weakness that sliding back indeed by a natural Motion by reason of gravity but the Muscle drawing it back again upwards by a voluntary Motion by this intercourse and as it were contention of Motion amongst themselves the Member stirred upward and downwards ariseth that called a trembling which will be so much the greater if the Member which it ought to move be heavy or do not follow and the Muscle also be in some sort involuntarily stirred up to move where we observe in some although their Member rest yet they tremble But this their weakness happens somtimes by reason of the defect of the Animal spirit The defect of the Animal spirit is the cause of trembling not absolute as in a Palsie but only such a one by which the sense of Feeling is yet indeed communicated but there is not sufficient force ministred to the Muscles to move because a greater portion of it is required to Motion then to the sense of Feeling which somtimes happens when they are spent whence ariseth a lasting trembling and that either by reason of Age whence old Folks become Tremulous or by reason of a grievous and long continued Disease after which they oftentimes tremble a long while or of immoderate Evacuation especially by Venery shedding of blood purging and great labors but otherwise the spirits being only dissipated they tremble til they return as by a vehement affect of the Mind or suddain in Fear Anger Joy they tremble for a while and in strong or swift Motion as when they carry heavy burthens or do somwhat else which is above strength they tremble and when having sufferd grievous labors they rest the Members being too much wearied do tremble for a time also the Spirits being hinderd yet not wholly intercepted as in a Palsie whence a perfect resolution of the Muscle follows but only in part the weakness which ariseth in the Muscle causing a trembling which even then is as it were a certain Diminute Palsie sprung from the same causes affecting the Nerve as in a Palsie yet not so powerfully and especially proceeding from Excrementitious humors possessing the Nerves but other affects of the Nerves also do induce a trembling A hurt of the Nerve is the cause of trembling not by intercepting the spirits but by weakning or hurting the Nerves another way as if from Excrementitious humors as hath been said this weakness in the Muscle doth cause a trembling not only by intercepting the Spirits but also by irritating the Nerve doth somtimes force it to the motion which is made in trembling whence also the cause being increased or lasting the trembling ofttimes ends in a convulsion And if the Nerves also by Narcoticks too much or often taken do at length contract that weakness from that Stupidity that also the Muscles by reason of them be weakend a trembling also is bred from this affect of them as it hath befallen some not only by the use of Opium or of other strong ones but from a Suffumigation of Henbane and we observe that by the Narcotick vertue of Wine they who are given to drunkenness do at length become Tremulous the which notwithstanding they perswade themselves doth proceed from the drinking of cold Water which drunkards drink in the morning to quench their thirst caused by Wine that they may not be compelled to abstain from Wine Which suspition of theirs is augmented also by this that whiles they are yet fasting and sober they tremble and after they are heated again with Wine the trembling ceaseth or at least waies shews it self less the which yet doth not happen as if Wine were not the cause of this trembling but because whiles the Wine increasing the heat of the Body renders its actions lively that as long as it is hot with Wine and as it were refresht it doth less feel the weakness which otherwise alwaies remains for that reason as those refresht with meat and Wine being made stronger is the cause that they tremble less After the same manner trembling is somtimes bread from other Poysonous things being taken and applied chiefly besetting the Nerves as it is somtimes wont to happen from the Suffumigation of quick-silver not from the touch as some would have it to Gold-smiths in gilding their Vessels if they have not a care of themselves but draw it in for which cause also in the French Pox those suffumigated with Cinnabar especially if then also they drink Wine by which the Nerves being already made feeble are easily hurt do oftentimes fall into a trembling the which also ofttimes befals them who in the same Disease being anointed with quick-silver do thence get a trembling which hurts of the Nerves proceeding from quick-silver either proceed frrom its Antipathy with the Nerves or from some other propriety of it almost proper to it by which it moving the Humors driving them to the Jawes it moves plentiful spitting and driving them to the superficies and extremities of the Body it also affects the Nerves and so much the worse if the Humors which are moved be evil and be not decently purged by sweats by which also if the Nerves suffer more vehemently after tremblings they suffer Convulsions which often follow these cures made by the use of quick-silver There may be some fault in the Nerves from the Birth whence some are born trembling as hath been formerly shewed by the example of one but what trembling that was can hardly be explained because though trembling he nevertheless performed his Duties for a long course of life and married a Wife The Cure We will divide the Cure according to the diversity of the Kinds and we will explain in every one what is to be done What must be done both in a general and particular Convulsion The Cure of a Convulsion hath been taught in Convulsions in that also called a Convulsive Palpitation in as much as this threatens true Convulsions we must study to prevent it by Application of the same Remedies but by reason of its motion seeing it is not very urgent nothing peculiar is applied to the members In Restlessness The Cure of restlessness from trouble of mind if that spring from a perturbation of the mind what then must be done in respect of the Disease and also of this Symptom by reason of which how it ought to be quieted with Dormitives and be restrained by using of force hath been explained in an Alienation of the Mind If they be restless by reason of Pain The Cure of restlessness by reason of Pain then smoothing the pain with Anodines and things enducing sleep and if it urge more vehemently causing a Stupidity together with the Pain we correct the Restlessness But if the Restlessnes arise by reason of the Heat not only of the Heart
boyl them to one pint and an half and Dissolve Sugar and Honey of each two ounces Boyl them again a little and strain them The Wormwood wine mentioned to prepare is good also to strengthen taken in the mornings Pouders after meat to help Concoction and hinder Vapors As Take Coriander seed prepared half an ounce Anise-seed two drams Pouder of Aromaticum Rosatum one dram Diamargaritum frigidum one scruple Cinnamon half a dram Mace one scruple Piony seeds and Coral each half a dram Sugar of Roses as much as all the rest give one spoonful after Meat Or this mixture after Meat Take the Marmalad of Quinces candied Citron peels Conserve of Roses each half an ounce Conserve of Marjoram half an ounce Aromaticum Rosatum Diamoschu dulce Diamargariton each one scruple Piony seeds half a dram red Coral one dram Sugar of Roses as much as is sufficient give one spoonful The Lozenges of Aromaticum Rosatum Diarrhodon or Diamoschun are good taken at bed time Or this Electuary Take Conserve of Roses Borrage Marjoram each one ounce and an half Citron peels Myrobalans and Ginger candied each half an ounce Elicampane and Galangal each half a dram Piony-seeds one dram Coral Ivory each one dram and an half Diarrhodon Dianthos each half a dram Cordial Spices one scruple with Syrup of Bettony make an Electuary Let him drink after it a little Wine with the Water of Lillies Convallies Old Treacle is good once in a week taken at Midnight We give Clysters before Purging to prepare and after to expel wind and loosen the Belly And in the time of the Fit Of which you have Examples in the like Diseases Purgers of the Head by the Nose and Mouth after general purging to prevent other Diseases of the Head must be used Apply Caps and Pillows to the Head of these Take Cypress roots Angelica each two drams Marjoram Rosemary Lavender flowers and Roses each one dram Coriander seeds one dram and an half Cloves half a dram make a Pouder Baggs are applied in the fit to the Heart and Pulses sprinkled with Wine Balm-water Rose and Orange-flower-water Take Galangal Cypress Citron peels each two drams Citron and Basil seeds each one dram Balme and Cordial flowers each half a dram Cloves one scruple make a Pouder Let the Stomach and Breast be anointed in the Fit Take Oyl of Dill and Chamomil each one ounce white Wine one ounce Aqua vitae two drams boyl them till the wine be spent Often washing externally doth revel Vapors from the Head and Midrif Also Frictions from beneath till they come to the Head and combing of the Head backwards are good Let Cupping-glasses be applied to the Thighs and then to the Shoulders A Dropax made of Pitch and Oyl of Mastick must be applied hot to the Head with a Clout between if the Head be afflicted In Plethorick and Cacochymical Bodies a vein must be opened on that side which is most heavy first in the Arm then in the Foot and in other parts for revulsion of Blood from that part to which the Vapors most ascend They must be wakened in the Fit and not disturbed in Mind Let them sleep with the Head high upon one side and take heed of sleeping upon the Back because it doth not onely cause Straightness but troublesome Dreams If the Vapors be about the Womb and cause Hysterical accidents The cure of the Suffocation of the Womb. because there are divers kinds thereof one produceth a pain of the Heart another Swounding another raging another convulsive Motions with Suffocation of which is spoken in those Diseases yet since the Spirits are hindered in all and they are all called Suffocations of the womb we shall speak of them They are in most danger who fetch no breath but ly like dead people because sometimes they die in the Fit and sometimes return to themselves Also if they have raging madness or Convulsion But often they recover after these The Method of Cure is to evacuate the Excrements about the Womb provoke the Courses and to repress the Vapors that rise from the womb and to revel discuss and consume them divers wayes among which some take away the fit We give Evacuations as in foul Blood and Melancholy according to the Constitution and Humors abounding which must be repeated if the Disease cease not alwayes adding things that provoke the Termes These are best To provoke Vomit give one dram and an half of Agarick with Oxymel Let the Potion following be given every week to purge Take Agarick in Pouder and Triphera magna without Opium each one dram dissolve them in white Wine and Water of Mugwort or Mother-wort Or thus Take Agarick Briony roots each one dram and an half Ginger and Cinnamon each half a dram infuse them in the best white Wine strain them and add Syrup of Mugwort one ounce Turpentine is much commended and this Purge Take Agarick troches'd two scruples Ginger one scruple insufe them in white Wine strain them adding Turpentine three drams dissolved in six drams of Honey and the Yolk of an Egg. Usual Pills Take Hiera Colocynthidos one dram Agarick trochs'd one dram and an half Carrot Agnus Castus seeds each one scruple Myrrh Castor each half a scruple Diagredium half a scruple with Turpentine make a Mass for Pills give from half a dram The Food must be moderate and good and because Wine causeth the fit let him drink Anise-seed boyled in Water or Mead. Medicines to alter must discuss Vapors and move the Terms strengthen the womb and the principal Parts and resist the venemous Humors Thus A good Water Take Balm and Mint-water each one ounce and an half Cinnamon-water two ounces with a little Castor or distil one of these Simples following with a little Castor Or make this Decoction of them Take Roots of Solomons Seal Valerian each one dram and an half Balme Penny-royal Organ Calamints Jet each one dram boyl them in Wine adding Vinegar of Squills strain it and ad Syrup of Mugwort half an ounce for two Draughts Or this Syrup Take Roots of Solomons Seal Briony Valerian Spignel Coltsfoot white Wine Master-wort Angelica each half an ounce Plantane Balm Penny-royal Minâ—s Calamints Fleabane Nep Bettony Mugwort Thyme each one handful Rosemary Lavender flowers each one pngil Seeds of Cummin Carrots wild Parsnips Sorrel Piony Anise each one dram Bay-berries each two drams boyl and strain them add Juyce of Plantane one ounce and an half Sugar six ounces boyl them thick and add Cinnamon and Cloves each one dram and an half give one ounce by it self or with convenient Liquor A Potion Take Mithridate one dram and an half Pouder of Moschu dulcis half a dram Syrup of Mugwort half an ounce Balm-water as much as is sufficient with a little Cinnamon-water make a Potion Pouders to drink with Liquors with Sugars or to be taken in Lozenges or Electuaries One easie made Take Cummin seeds one dram Juniper-berries eleven pouder them give
a lamentable sound Sighing may be in the sound and sick There is great Respiration in Yawning Yawning or Oscitation in which the Mouth is wide opened and the Air drawn in much and presently sent out with a doleful sound With this Pandiculation is commonly joyned as we shewed They are both in the sound and sick In the Hicket there is a short and interrupted Respiration Hickets the Air breaking forth with a sound in a moment It is in sound people and in sick a dangerous accident and holds many hours In Neesing Neesing there is a sudden sending forth of Air with more force and noise and a shaking of the whol Body It is many times together somtimes causing Tears and throwing out whatsoever is in the Jawes or Nostrils It foreruns Catarrhs and great Diseases as the Falling-sickness somtimes Hence come the crying of God bless you at that time as we shewed in Epilepsie It somtimes follows Diseases and puts an end to them and in some people it comes upon a slight occasion In a Cough the Air is thrown out with as much force as the other Coughing and with a noise but chiefly from the Mouth it is somtimes long somtimes short and returns usually sending humors to the Mouth that are spit forth afterwards then it is called a moist Cough as that in which nothing is voided is called a dry Cough and if it be smal Tussicula or a Kecking But if it be vehement it causeth Vomiting Weeping and Hoarsness by clamor or takes away the Voice And if it continue it causeth pain in the Breast and Belly by the shaking thereof This Cough may be in some Men from outward causes but in old men it is so usual that it seems a Natural Excretion In many Diseases it is troublesome and the chief Symptome There is a more strong and continued sending forth of wind in belching Belching in sound and sick it is stinking or otherwise In Vomiting Vomiting there is breathing forth with greater straining somtimes without matter sent forth and it is the Symptom of many Diseases lasting long and much afflicting There is also a Voluntary sending forth of Air from the Mouth and Nose in Vociferation or hollowing and in Anhelation which is hot breathing Vociferation Anhelation Sufflation and Exsufflation which is cold breathing Emunction Emunction or blowing of the Nose is voluntary with force and Noise sending forth Air and Humor with holding of the Nose that the part being strightned the sending forth may be more violent or else the Nostrils are open and the matter is snuffed out We cast out Humors voluntarily Spitting also by spitting with the Mouth contracted that the Wind may be stronger And by Hawking we ferch it out of the Jawes into the Mouth Hawking and so squirt it forth These two are somtimes Symptomes of Diseases Somtimes sound men have them from plenty of Humors in the Jaws or from custom As when Oratours spet at every ful point Hoarsness Hoarsness is when the Voyce is rough and unequal The Articulate Voyce or Speech is sent forth badly Stammering when men Stemmer in pronouncing some Letters But when they cannot speak them plainly it is to be referred to Speech diminished as we shewed in the defect of Respiration But when there is no defect but they pronounce some Letters with a double sound as R. then it belongs to Depraved Speech The Causes All the Causes of all the Kinds of Depraved Respiration are from the Heart and Organs of breathing Respiration and especially Inspiration is from the Heart to get vital Spirits And it is enlarged if there be not sufficient Air or when the Spirits are moved vehemently If the Heart be deprived of Air by respiration intermitting Affection of the mind is the cause of sighs which the heart must have for the generation of vital spirits then to recover what was lost it fetcheth a great Inspiration or Sigh by which the Air being largely attracted the Defect is made up Respiration is intermitted when the mind through affection is so intent upon other things that it forgets breathing til necessity constrains it and makes it greater The Cause of sighing or great Inspiration is the too much commotion of the spirits of the heart by reason the preturbation of mind with Pain Oppression and Suffocation of as we may perceive in passions For thereby the heart is cooled and refreshed as we perceive plainly in sighing And this is the cause rather than intermission and forgetfulness in regard in the night when we think of nothing we breath sufficiently Vehement motion of the whole body Vehement motion is the cause of quick breathing as Running Climing up a hil which dissipate the spirits is the cause of quick respiration to restore them not only to cool the heart for respiration may be from motion without heat Respiration is quicker if the body grow hot with too much pain whereby the Spirits are more consumed Heat is the cause of short breathing especially when the heart is hot also as it may be by hot houses as wel as motion also by violent motions of the mind as Anger Joy and Feavers in which one Symptom is short breathing And if the Organs of breathing are burdened or provoked the expiration is greater We shewed in depraved motion how the Organs of breath A Vapor Idleness or Imagination is the cause of yawning being burdened with vapors and desiring to relax themselves cause oscitation and pandiculation The Organs of Respiration being molested cause blowing or exsufflation when any of them being very sensible as the Membrane in the Aspera Arteria Lungs Nostrils Mouth Jaws Throat Stomach Guts and Midriff is offended whereby they labor to blow forth what hurts them and then the blowing is more or less according to the part affected And we shal now shew how it may come from divers causes splendor vapor air humors As a great Light as that of the Sun by disturbing the Eyes causeth tears The Brightness of the Sun is the cause of sneezing so it causeth snezing by affecting the sensible Tunicle of the Nostrils with which that of the Eyebrows hath consent in those that have thin humors or exquisite sense of those parts A sharp scent or vapor as that of Garlick A sharp Odour is the cause of sneezing Onions Mustard Radish causeth Tears and Neezing by pricking the Membrane of the Eyes and Nose Much cold Air drawn in Air and cold Water is the Cause of Coughing and Hoarsness that molesteth the Tunicle of the Jawes and rough Artery causeth a dry Cough with Hoarsness when by binding and drying it exasperateth and maketh rough the parts that should be smooth and slippery And then the Voice is lost and by causing a Defluxion it may by accident produce a moist Cough Cold Water drunk much doth the same and astringents much used If humors or other thick
a Pouder The fourth Take roots of Asarum and Valerian Spignel Calamus Aromaticus Fennel Smallage Pursley Carrot Seseli seeds of each one dram Savin Schaenanth Spicknard Cinnamon Pepper of each half a dram Saffron one scruple make a Pouder The fifth Pouder Take Amber Gum of Plums and Cherries of each one dram Turpentine boyled half a dram the Jews-stone Alkekengi Berries Parsley seeds Asarum roots of each half a dram with Cinnamon one scruple make a Pouder The sixth Take of Egg-shels that are hatched and the Skin taken out one dram or nine swims of Herrings give them in Pouder The seventh Take the Ashes of earth Worms or Cray-fish of each one dram of Hog-lice half a dram Spanish flies or Grass hoppers their thin wings taken out or Scorpions half a scruple Cinnamon one dram Cloves half a dram Sugar two drams The eight Ponder quickly made in time of necessity Take two Cantharides and one dram of Sugar-candy beat them well give it with Honey and Water or the Decoction of Linseed or with Milk These Decoctions following are good Take Radish roots two ounces Asparagus and Rest-harrow of each one ounce Asarum half an ounce Mallows Pellitory of each one handful Berries of winter Cherries two drams Water-cress seeds two drams Smallage seed half a dram boyl them in red Pease broath Or this Take one Onion and a head of Garlick boyl them in broath and drink it being strained A Diuretike Oxymel is given two ounces with covenient Water or Wine to provoke Urine Also Wormwood Wine or Malmsey fasting or white Wine in which white Flints have been quenched till they turne to Pouder Or this Composition Take roots of Parsley Fennel Rest-harrow of each one ounce Asarum Elicampane of each half an ounce Wormwood Rue Strawberry leaves Savin Hysop of each one handful Broom Elder and Chamomil flowers of each one pagil Smallage Parsley Lovage Rocket Nigella Water cress seeds of each one dram Juniper-berries half an ounce Infuse them in white Wine Also this Lixivium Take Juniper Bean stalks and shales dried burn them and mix the Ashes with white Wine and straining it often make a Lie or Lixivium Let him drink a Glass And with the ashes of Broom or Bitter-sweet it is better Other Potions Take Oyl of Sulphur two drops spirit of Vitriol one drop with Wine and Water Or Take Oyl of Scorpions half an ounce with Milk or Wine Or Take Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces with much Milk Two or three drops of Oyl of Wax given in great Nettle water provoketh Urin violently The fresh juyce of Pomegranate doth the same Or thus Take Horse Radish roots green bruise them sprinkle them with Wine and take two ounces of the juyce Or thus Take juyce of Pellitory two or three ounces juyce of Water-cresses one ounce add Wine Sugar and Honey Waters pierce most as that of Pellitory Alkekengi or Winter-cherries Lemmons Nuts or of Broom flowers with Cinnamon water also of Horse-radish Water-cresses and Sea-fennel Another Water Take Horse-radish roots half a pound Rest-harrow Winter-cherries of each four ounces Cherries and Peach kernels of each two ounces Broom and Elder flowers of each one ounce Fennel seed two drams Turpentine half an ounce with spanish Wine a fingers breadth above them being bruised distil a Water give one or two ounces The water of Peach kernels drawn with Spanish Wine is also good The buds of Asparagus boyled or raw make the Urin stink and provoke it often Make a Sallat of Purslane Water-cresses Chervil and Parsley with young Onions and Horse-radish sliced and Cowcumbers if the season afford them with Vinegar and Oyl It will provoke Urin if it be eaten for a Supper Or this Bole. Take Turpentine two drams Winter-cherries one dram Amber half a dram with Sugar Make Pils of unpleasant things Take Galbanum Bdellium Myrrh each half a dram Oyl of Sulphur four drops with Turpentine make Pils give half a dram at a Dse Somtimes we mix Purgers with Diureticks because the Urin is easier rendered when the Excrements are voided and because they prick and stir up the expulsive faculty of the Guts and give the same force to the Bladder Or this Bole. Take Cassia new drawn half an ounce Benedicta Laxativa Agarick in Troches each half a dram Winter-cherries one scruple with Sugar Turpentine doth both Take two drams thereof dissolveit with Honey and the yolk of an Eg and drink it with Wine Or thus Take Electuary Indum the great two drams Catholicon half an ounce Winter-cherry water as much as wil make a Potion If it come from clotted blood you must give things at the mouth which dissolve such blood among which Amber is best in this case Clysters are good in this case and Topicks to the bladder As Take Mallows with the roots Pellitory each one handful Chamaemel flowers one pugil boyl them and dissolve Cassia Benedicta Laxativa each half an ounce Turpentine dissolved in the yolk of an Egg and Honey half an ounce Oyl of Chamaemel and Scorpions each one ounce Salt two drams make a Clyster Another more compounded Take marsh-mallow roots and Radishes each two ounces Onions Garlick Leeks each one ounce Pellitory Water-cresses Parsley each one handful Chamaemel and Melilot flowers each one one pugil Smallage and Lovage seeds each two drams Juniper berries half an ounce boyl them in Wine and Water and dissolve the aforesaid things therein Or this of Juyces Take Juyce of Mallows Mercury Pellitory Rue each one ounce and an half of Water-cresses half an ounce white Wine two ounces Butter one ounce and an half Honey one ounce Salt one dram make a Clyster Divers things are applied outwardly to the Share neer the Bladder that dilate it and provoke Pissing A Fomentation and Bath of these Take Valerian roote two ounces Mallows Mugwort Parsley flowers of Chamaemel Melilot Dill each one pugil Linseed and Fenugreek each one dramâ— Smallage seeds two drams boyl them and add Wine These are good when the bladder is so ful they cannot piss Also you may add things that dissolve the clodded blood if there be any And Coolers if there be Inflammation Or this Emplaster Take roots of Marsh-mallows Radish and Pellitory boyl them stamp them and add a little Butter Or. Take Radish Water-cresses Garlick Juniper-berries stamp them and fry them with Wine adding Butter and Oyl of Scorpions Hot Cow-dung also with Cummin-seed and Oyl of Scorpions It is good in the Strangury to boyl Hempen thred newly spun in Water and Lie with Mugwort and Chamaemel and apply it You may use these Oyntments with the former or alone Take Oyl of Scorpions and Cunney grease each half an ounce Or Take Juyce of Water-cresses Parsley Onions each one ounce Sea-fennel Oyl of Scorpions each two ounces boyl them and add Oyl of Turpentine two drams and with Cunney grease make a Liniment Boyl Wine Vinegar and Honey thick with Linseed meal and apply them to the Pecten to provoke Urin.
and active and they who have less are weak and sooner die And when that flourishing humor is consumed like Oyl by the heat of the spirit by degrees in age men grow more weak and dry Among internal and external causes Diseases that dissipate the influent and fixed spirits are the cause of weakness all great Diseases dissipate the vital spirits if they continue long and at length consume the innate spirits with the radical moisture wherewith it is joyned from whence the weakness is more or less Great and often Evacuations either by chance or willingly Evacuations that dissipate the natural fixed and also the influent heat cause weakness or in Diseases exhaust and dissipate the spirits and abate strength especially if good humors be voidded as Seed in the running of the Reins or by Venery Also great bleeding purging by reason the stirring of the spirits abate strength as in Diarrhaea's and great and often sweating and much pissing Also the sudden effusion of things besides nature as of Water in the Dropsie matter in an Empiema doth weaken These violent excretions being painful as in a Dysentery weaken more Great pain which violently stirreth the spirits Pain moving the spirits causeth weakness to bring them to the part afflicted with the blood for help causeth weakness and if it be very great fainting Especialy if the part suffering Pain of the Mouth of the Stomack cause of Cardiaca or fainting have great affinity with the Heart Hence it is that they who have the Cardialgia or Heart pain are very weak by reason of the consent of the Stomach with the Heart and do easily faint this fainting is called Cardiaca And so it is in other painful and long Diseases Great and sudden Passions of the Mind Trembling of the Spirit is the cause of weakness fainting because then the spirits are carried in and out with force cause debility and somtimes fainting and death Thus we have seen some swoon with joy that hath thrown the spirits outward and have read that others have died so In anger the spirits are so inraged that they look red in the Face And when the spirits presently return as the paleness following sheweth they are in little danger of life but they are weakned thereby as appears by their trembling and there remains a weariness though anger be over Nor is the cause of men not dying with anger as with joy because angry men are stronger as is supposed in regard old men and sick men that are peevish are easily moved to anger But it often hapens that by great fear the spirits being violently moved some die and many are weakned And shame and bashfulness may cause the same by which they say Homer died Also if the passions be of long continuance and strong as sadness and fear and the like they stir the spirits with continual Cogitation and at length consum them and as they say dry the bones and this is a Consumption of the Spirits A strong and constant heat doth not only dissipate the spirits but consumes them Heat dissipating the spirits and consuming their nourishment is the cause of weakness and their nourishment as when the body is weakned by heat fire labor there is fainting somtimes And in Feavers it is so especially in a Causon or burning Feaver And in a Hectick the accidental heat of the heart though not great yet continuing devours the radical moisture of the heart and solid parts and the spirits and causeth weakness and Consumption A cold distemper quencheth the native heat Cold restraining the native heat is the cause of weakness or makes it less so some have been frozen to death And others have been killed with staying long in cold water Also some parts are benumed and blasted with cold or so weakned that they come not again to themselves And this may come to the Stomach by drinking cold water And hither may be referred those that for want of excercise bring not the native heat into action and grow stupid Also the parrs grow weak by using things inwardly and outwardly that are Potentially cold a long time they grow weak but the native heat is not wholly extinct as by actual cold Although hitherto it hath been believed to come from Narcoticks that are very cold which as we shewed do not kil by cooling but by stupefying the brain Nor do we grant that the Pores being obstructed that the heat is Suffocated for want of fanning or Eventilation for as we shewed the Skin hath Pores not to let in Air but to let out other things A Maligne quality affecting the Heart or mixed with its spirits A Maligne quality in the Heart is the Cause of weakness causeth an extinction of native heat thereof and by consequence of all the Body or diminisheth it and begets a Syncope or weakness or Death according toits divers qualities So when the Air is infected men in the Plague suddenly faint are weak and die or in swouning Feavers which alwaies begin with fainting And when Poyson is taken or bred in the Body it gets to the Heart and endangers life and causeth weakness And this may happen to other parts when Poyson is more contrary to them then to the Heat If a Wound peirce the left Ventricle of the Heart A Wound in the Heart is the cause of weakness and Death the spirits suddenly vanish and there is sudden Death And if the right or it peirce the Superficies or cuts the Coronal Veins they die suddenly from great bleeding I suppose non can scape if the substance only be hurt and divided because a principal part cannot endure it Fernelius writes that he saw one that consumed before he died of an Ulcer in the Heart that came from an inward cause The like may be from a Tumor which is rare and not known but by dissection because the Heart feels not I faw in 1644. in a Woman that I opened of a Dropsie in the Breast such a swolen Heart loose and greater then it should be with the Vessels especially the Arteria Aorta three times bigger then usual and both the Ventricles especially the left and the Langs and Cavity of the breast silled with waterish blood Also a great corruption in other parts extinguisheth the native heat The Cure We shall shew how it is to be done in diverse weaknesses The Cure of weakness and swouning and chiefly in general Imbecility and great fainting which also may be for particular weakned parts although in their Symptoms we shall also speak thereof We must act and prognostick acctording to the diversity of the cause of weakness If it come from want of Air and breathing we shewed the Cure in the defect of Breathing If it be from the birth or old age we labor in Vain because natural causes cannot be changed nor radical moisture renewed If it be from Evacuation it is worst from Venery or bleeding which is in a Dropsie If
in the Palpitation thereof or Oyl of Jesemin or Oyntment of water Lillies or Citrine Oyntment Or Take Oyl of water Lillies two ounces juyce of Citrons and Vinegar of Roses of each half an ounce boyl them to a Consistence add of all the Saunders Roses and Sorrel seed of each one scruple Coral one dram Pearl half a dram Camphire half a scruple with Wax make an Oyntment Or apply this Emplaister Take Treacle one dram and an half the Cerot of Sanders half a dram the species of Diamoscbu and Diambra of each half a scruple A Cordial Bag. Take of all the Saunders each one dram dryed Citron peels the four cordial flowers of Scabious and Leaves of Balm each half a dram Ivory or the Bone of a Stags heart two scruples Species Diamoschum one dram make a little Bag sprinkle it with Wine and Rose-water or Fume it therewith apply it to the heart It is good to raise them to sprinkle Water and Rose-water and Vinegar and Wine upon the Face Also to bind the Limbs and rub them very hard Also to stop the Nose and pul it and open the mouth and rub the Tongue They are soonest raised with great Noise and Neesing And to place them with the Head down and the body high Let them be quiet after the Fit for weak people faint upon the least motion CHAP. XI Of the Depravation of Vital Motion The Kinds IF the Vital Motion be Depraved which may be seen as I shewed in the Voluntary and Involuntary Functions of the parts Heart and Arteries we do not observe it as in the defect for none can live too much and the body and its parts cannot be too strong And if any parts that move voluntarily move too much or wrong that belongs to the depraved voluntary motion of which we have spoken We observe Depravation of Vital Motion in the pulse of the Heart and Arteries when it is oftener or more vehement than it ought to be by nature or proceeds otherwise disorderly Oftentimes the pulse of the Heart and Arteries is more frequent than is fit The quick beating of the Heart and Arteries whether great or smal both in sound and sick the breathing being also quick and if this pulse be great also it is with pain in the Breast Neck Head Ears It is to be felt in those parts and by Physitians at the Wrists Vehement and immoderate pulsation or beating of the Heart and Arteries Heart-beating is a symptom often by it self or in cathectick Maids before they have their Terms or such as have the Hypochondriack Melancholy This is called palpitation or trembling of the Heart because the motion is unequal And being alwaies strong it is perceived plainly in the left side of the Breast often in the Neck somtimes under the Ribs especially on the left side it is very troublesom and weakneth him much if it continue Sometimes it forceth the Ribs and as Fernelius saith puts them out of their place Aneurisma Sometimes it so dilateth the Artery and drives it out that it causeth the Tumor called Aneurisma which is great and beating This Symptom somtimes remitteth and comes again sooner or later and it continueth longer or shorter time as we said I observed a grievous and wonderful palpitation of the Heart in the yeer 1627. in a noble Virgin of Narbo in France who was alwaies held in her fit by two strong men that bare down the left side of her Breast with her hands til it ceased otherwise shee complained that her Breast and Ribs would break An Inordinate and uneven Pulse causeth trouble An uneven Pulse but that which beats low is considered not as a Symptom but only a sign shewing the Disease and the strength And therefore Physitians feel it The Causes It is most certain that the Heart and Arteries cause this depraved palpitation by their motion because no other parts do beat When these beat moderately sound people ought not to perceive it least the noise should be a hinderance as it is when they beat vehemently especially where the Arteries are great and many and free not sunk into the Muscles as in the left side not only by reason of the left Ventricle of the Heart and the Ear that moveth it self there but by the great Artery that comes from the left side of the Heart and descendeth by the left side of the Vertebrae Also in both fides of the Throat which the great Artery ascending goerh through being divided and there produceth the sleeping Arteries and those of the Arms Also under the Ribs especially or the left side because the great Artery descending thither lieth chiefly on the left side As also because it produceth great Arteries which accompany the branches of the Gate-vein on the right side especially those that go to the natural bowels and the Spleen For which causes when the Arteries beat much the putefaction is perceived on that side and is troublesome In other places where the Arteries are less or hidden though they beat stronger yet are they not perceived except it be by the pain of the part adjoyning which is troubled at the least touch of an Artery As in pains of the Head by reason of the great Ventricles of the brain beating and in Inslammations Or when a little Artery beating too violently in a strait place and hurts a Nerve as in the Ears wherein we may hear the pulsation But in naked parts without flesh you may touch a pulse and judg whether it be natural or depraved especially in the Wrist The truest causes of the great beating of the Heart and Arteries is the dissipation of vital spirits and the repletion and dilatation of the Arteries among which there are others less probable If the influent vital spirits be suddenly or too much dissipated so that the innate spirits cannot enjoy them sufficiently because it is necessary that new be alwaies sent from the Heart to the whole body which must be done by the pulsation of the Heart and Arteries It is therefore no wonder if their motion be enlarged and more quick and if the cause be great more vehement with great breathing which as is said brings matter to make vital spirits And this may come also from the spirits stirred with the blood the Heart and Arteries being inflamed When the spirits are suddenly tossed hither and thither The too great stirring of the spirits is the cause of quick great pulsation of the Arteries and dispersed and not equally communicated to the body the Heart and Arteries beat quick for new and the respiration is greater or otherwise strength would fail This comes from the motion of the body and mind as we shewed in quick respiration which comes from thence Hence is it that the pulsation increaseth by the passions of the mind as anger Joy Terror Fear Shame the spirits being moved which Erasistratus knew when from the sudden motion of the pulse from the beholding of the Nurse that
was beloved he discovered a Disease to be from the mind that is Love This Palpitation of the Heart is sooner in weak people and such as are disposed to it Stirring of the Spirits causeth palpitation of Heart in them that are subject thereto the least exercise wil cause it in some One confessed to me that he had it presently in the act of Venery and was so troubled therewith that except he gave over he should be stifled as it fel out afterwards This pulsation also is greater when the spirits are dissipated from other causes as at the point of Death when they are vanished though there be great weakness by which nature labors to assist them in the greatest danger by this motion and recollection of Spirits When the Spirits grow hot with the blood Over-heating of the Spirits is the cause of quick and great pulsation there is great motion of the Heart and Arteries not so much because the spirits are hot and unquiet but because they then are sooner spent that what is suddenly lost may be suddenly repaired Whether it come from the external causes as the Fire or Fume or from internal and the rather if the Heart grow hot and continue so as in a Feaver Or if the heat come from motion of the body or exercise in heat Or when the mind is so affected that not only the Spirits are troubled but set on fire thereby as in anger Or when all these concur As we knew a Noble man that playing at Tennis was so hot and angry and so moved in the Pulsation and Respiration that he could not recollect himself nor could the motion cease but he died suddenly When the Arteries are too full of blood and too much dilated thereby in regard they ought not to be filled as the Veins are that there may be room for the Vital spirits the Pulsation which before was not perceived when moderate is felt by the Patient and that vehement Diastole about the Heart and great Arteries mentioned in the Palpitation of the Heart is raised Especially when the blood floweth to the left Ventricle of the Heart and to its Ear which may be much enlarged to the great Artery whereby they are too full and extended And it ceaseth when it flows from those parts and doth not more lift them up and dilate them Or it molesteth continually if an Artery be so dilated as Fernelius observed Yea that the great Tumor called Aneurisma doth follow And if this Aneurisma be within in any part of the great Artery or in the breast Throat under the Ribs or in the Ear of the Heart which wil be very much stretched it causeth a perpetual Pulsation as an external Aneurism and is the cause of that Palpitation of Heart which lasteth so long and kils so many as some have observed in Anatomy It is plain that this Palpitation comes from plenty of Arterial blood Plenty and heat of Arterial blood that fils the Arteries causeth palpitation of Heart because the Arteries have nothing else in them And Galen seems to grant it when he saies all such are cured or eased by bleeding And this pulsation is greater by how much the blood and the spirits mixed therewith which fill the Arteries are the hotter Fernelius witnesseth that he saw such blood in the Arteries burnt like black choller And we prove that that cholerick hot blood is gathered in the Mesaraick Arteries and and sent to the great Arteries by these Arguments Because as such juyce as is frequently bred in the mesaraick Veins from meat and drink doth inflame pollute the blood being carried from the branches of the Gate-vein to the hollow vein so doth it get into the mesaraick Arteries which are joyned to those Veins and so into the greater Arteries and so to the Heart and so filleth them and doth what is mentioned And the rather because these mesaraick Arteries are branches of the great Artery but the meseraick Veins come not from the hollow Vein nor are joyned to it but by the substance of the hinder Hence is this Disease so usual in Virgins from the stoppage of their Courses which begets an evil habit and in those that have Hypochondriack Melancholy In which as the fulness and foulness of the Venal and Arterial blood causeth Cachexy and Melancholy so do they cause palpitation of the Heart and Arteries Some say this may be from Wind filling the Arteries which we cannot allow because none hath observed that the Veins can be filled therewith Nor do we grant that vapors gathered about the Midriff Spleen or Womb and so sent into the Arteries and Heart or a thick vapor shut into the Heart that came from another place as some have written can so fill it that they may cause this Pulsation As for other causes of palpitation of which they write especially wind or water in the Pericardium we count them not the true cause of Palpitation but of some fluctuation when the body is moved as may appear by the noise in the breast as we shal shew in preternatural Swoons in the body Other Diseases of the Heart besides these mentioned may cause it to move inordinately and quicker as heat that moves the Spirits and disperseth them and too great Repletion by the blood of the Arteries Such are those that so offend the Heart it moveth violently to cast them off rather by a natural sensation than by feeling which the Heart wanteth A Venemous quality from within or without A malign quality stirs up the Heart to palpitation doth cause palpitation or any malignity in the arterial blood which fils the Arteries causeth the same by stretching them and by troubling the Heart I understood that one who died of a continual Trembling of the Heart had a Bone or Gristle found in his Heart The Cure That Palpitation which comes from vehement motion of mind or body The Cure when it comes from vehement motion or Heat ceaseth when they cease as we shewed in Short-breathing which is joyned therewith But when many causes concur it is dangerous as we shewed When it comes from plenty of blood it is dangerous and lasting Cure of Palpitation of heart and troublesom by continual motion but wasting of the Spirits many have dyed hereof others have long been troubled therewith many have been cured by removing the cause And because the Cause is commonly about the Meseraick Vessels which are distributed in the natural parts and there is the plethory and filth it is cured as Cachexy Cachochymie and Hypochondriack Melancholly which are usualy joyned therewith By preventing too great increase of Blood Humors and Wind and such humors as chiefly abound by purging of Choler and strengthening the natural parts and mixing Cordials with all things And in regard it is hard to evacuate the conjunct cause in the Artesies and Heart we must strengthen them with Cordials Thus. Letting of blood except some thing hinder is good according to Galen
the least sweat It happeneth in many imperfected Crises of sharp Diseases The want of sweat which in time of sickness is necessary and in some lingring diseases that no sweat can be procured by Art or Nature which should expel the cause thereof and this is a defect of Sweat requisite in the time of Sickness The Causes As is the Serum or watry humor so is the Sweat and Urin The cause of want of Sweat is when the moisture decaieth or is turn'd another way for it causeth both and when there is little Urin there is little Sweat And when the Serum is not carried to the habit of the body but otherwaies as by much Urin Seege or the like then there is a defect of Sweat Wherefore in Diseases when Nature endeavors evacuation by sweat it is hindered by other passages Moreover it may happen by obstructions that the passage of the Serum may be so hindered that there may be great difficulty in Sweating and Pissing wherefore men in Dropsies piss little and sweat with difficulty though it be necessary for them Also the thickness and sliminess of the serum may hinder both Pissing and Swearing as in phlegmatick persons and in sharp Diseases there is no sweat til the humor is concocted and made thin therefore attenuating medicines do provoke Sweat as we shewed in the defect of Pissing The usual cause of want of Sweating is the not drawing of the Serum to the habit of the body The cause of want of Sweat is because the serum goes not to the habit of the body which is done by external heat which being abrent Nature cannot sweat without great Violence especially if the pores are astringed or stopt by cold external for only closing of the pores cannot hinder sweat except there be external cold The Cure If any want serum or natural moisture it is in vain to provoke them to sweat The Cure of want of Sweat also when it is plentiful and turned another way except it be against natures intention for if nature incline to sweat we must not use other evacuations but hinder them Also in Obstructions and crudities if we intend to evacuate by sweat they must first be opened and the matter prepared But if there be abundance of excrementitious moisture in the Veins and habit of the body we must use this evacuation for the preventing and curing of Diseases and it must be attenuated and concocted from its thickness and crudity and first we must remove external causes which may hinder sweat and then give Sudorificks or medicines to cause sweat such as follow Among Sudorisicks Sudorificks or medicines to cause Sweat some are such as cause sweat by a great quantity of Liquor taken in when there is external heat to further it hence it is that when we drink fasting and warm in bed in any quantity sweat wil follow And this is caused by cold drink as well as by hot for the entrals being suddenly cooled the heat external sooner draws the serum to it And this is soonest done by things that are piercing and sharp and these are called Sudorificks Among which distilled waters by reason of their thinness are the best as for example of hot herbs Cherfoyl and Carduus of cold plants Fumitory and Lemmons Many Decoctions are made for this purpose as of Guajacum Sarsaparilla China and other Woods Roots and Herbs boyld in much water Or Horstail or the lesser Polygonum or the like boyled in Wine This following is commended Take Millium or Pannicum hulled one pugil boyl it in Water to four ounces of the Water strained add two ounces of white Wine for one Draught this is called St. Ambrose his Syrup Or this Take Hysop and Marjoram boyl them in Chicken Broath and ad thereto two drams of the Emulsion of Hemp-seed This is excellent Take Nep and Citron seed each one dram and an half Water of Carduus and Sorrel each one ounce and an half or two ounces make an Emulsion add Syrup of Carduus or of Sorrel six drams of Roses two drams let it be given at bed-time some give the root of Asarabacca two darms in pouder in three ounces of Carduus water which is a good Sudorifick Treacle and other sleeping medicines are given dissolved to provoke Sweat for in a deep sleep Sweat doth easily come forth Also the juyce of Elder or Danewort given with distilled waters or in a Decoction doth the same Or Take Saffron one scruple Ginger half a dram give them in Pouder with Almond Milk Or Take one dram of Brimstone with the Yolk of an Egg. The Chymists give Salts Oyls and Spirits as Spirit of Vitriol with convenient Liquors Their Bezoardine Mineral Diaphoretick Sol and Luna Diaphoretick Antimony the Sulphur of Antimony Spirit of Tartar and the Treacle water of Crollius the secret of Carduus and the like All things that outwardly heat the body so that the blood may be carried thither and the serum with it and open the pores do cause Sweat And they may be greater or less as the humor aboundeth and the Constition requireth as follow As many Cloaths and Coverings Skins and Feathers Hot Air caused by the Sun or Fire which outwardly inflames the body Hot Water either natural or Artificial Oyntments for the Back and great Veins which gently heat with Oyl of Lillies Pellitory and the like Also Violent motion And the passions of the mind which inslame the spirits and humors as Anger Joy or such as shake the spirits produce Sweat as Terror Fear CHAP. XVI Of want of Milk The Kinds ALthough the natural excretion of Milk or giving Suck which ought to be from the Birth to the moderate growth of the Child is not so necessary that the defect thereof should prejudice the Woman for we see many Women which for preserving of their Breasts near give no suck and receive 〈◊〉 hurt thereby except it be through plethory or foulness or Inflammation of their Breasts for want of giving suck yet because it is an inconveniency to the Mother or Nurse and also to the Child which must be nourished with Milk it is called a Defect And it is divers Sucking hindred either when the sucking is hindred or cannot be or when there is want of Milk wholly Want of Milk or in part and this is called the want of Milk The Causes This Defect comes from want of Blood in the Veins of the Breasts Want of blood Foulness or thickness of blood is the cause of want of Milk which is the matter of which Milk is made And this comes from divers Causes as we shewed in the want of Courses chiefly in Women with Child who through squemishness eat little or that which is not nourishing from the Disease called Pica Or when they have too many of their courses after Child-bearing or when they flow in time of giving suck which they ought not to do especially violently and beyond their strength Or
distemper which may cause a Feaver in tender bodies or an Inflamation or Erysipelas of divers forts according to the variety of the Flux if it enflame it begets a Feaver in which the inflamed blood somtimes falling out of the vessels as hereafter we shal shew may renew the old or cause new inflammations These feavers are simple and pure not putrid and as the heat of the Disease is they increase or abate and end before it be quite over except there be a suppuration or a new pain or putrefaction These symptomatical feavers are in divers hot Diseases of the Bowels Membranes and other parts And the more vehement or long as the Disease is neerer to the Heart and the parts adjacent or great Veins or as the heat is greater or the body by nature more hot as in Infants who have a Feaver many times only by the breeding of Teeth They are milder and shorter when they are from the fountain of heat or outwardly in these there is little heat but horror and somtimes not that The Cholerick humor being most hot A cholerick disease is the cause of the symptomatical Feaver of the Ephemera or Synochus seldom causeth these kind of feavers But when it is not in its proper place where it doth no hurt nor mixed with the blood nor qualified with the Whey which so tempereth it that it cannot produce a feaver as we observe in the Jaundies but separated into sensible parts the Stomach and Guts and gets into their substance causing Erysipelas about the Belly the fever Lipyria in which the inward parts burn with intollerable heat and pain as Aetius observes about those parts and great thirst except it be cast forth by nature it fires all the parts adjacent with the blood and Spirits and causeth small feavers which follow such Diseases These we often see in the disease of Choller when it is vomited and purged and in the Dysentery and in the Colick coming from Choller and Erysipelas in the Guts as we shal shew And they cannot be great feavers because their cause is far from the Heart and lodgeth about the Meseraick Veins If Blood inflamed from the causes aforesaid Some Blood inflamed sent out of the vessels into other parts causeth a Synoch primary accompanied get out of the great vessels into any part internal or external and inflame the heart and cause a Feaver as it usually doth by its plenty heat or thinness or impurity either at the beginning of a Feaver or after by the force of Nature as in the Crisis of these Feavers we may see by their bleeding at the Nose Then it causeth a new disease in the part where it comes and a Feaver which is accompanied therewith but not symptomatical because it follows not the Disease but goes before it as I shal shew And these observe not the course of other simple Feavers but being increased or abated by the accidents of the Disease they are longer or shorter greater or less And when nature hath sent a good quantity of burning blood from the Veins thy are not so hot nor so thirsty nor ful of Head-ach as in solitary Feavers And this chiefly when the blood flows into the bowels or superficies of the body Sometimes this flux of blood in Feavers is into the Bowels capable thereof The effusion of inflamed blood into the inward pars is the cause of Synochus accompanied with Inflammation of the Bowels especially such as are most fleshy and bloody and ful of Veins joyning to the great Veins and neer to the Heart and chiefly into the Lungs which it inflameth and causeth a Peripneumonia and somtimes Pleurisie as shal be said These Inflammations go not before the Feavers because the Feavers shew themselves before there is a pricking pain or signs of Inflammation with horror and heat following and sometimes go some hours afore Nor are they caused by those inflammations but as they were first raised from Feavers and increased by a new heat in some part neer the Heart which shews that the Feaver did not there first begin and that is not putrid as others thought because the heat rais'd from the Inflammation increaseth the feaver rather by its quantity then filthy quality Nor doth it acquire or get any putrefaction from the inflammation especially when it first comes except the blood suppurate and then as Hyppocrates saith it is increased But we suppose this may be rather from the pain that is then increased and not a new putrid feaver from a putrid exhalation because it presently ceaseth Except this happen from an Ulcer that follows these inflammations as when a Pleurisie or Peripneumony turns into Phthisis the feaver being turned into a putrid symptomatical Hectick or from blood which is putrified and sent out of the Veins as I shal shew in putrid feavers These happen as in the Lungs from the situation and for to receive the flux So may inflammations which follow these feavers and increase them be from blood in a Synoch sent into the Liver or Spleen because they are boody parts and have large vessels These feavers in all the said inflammations of bowels are longer than other solitary Synochs in respect of the Disease accompanying them And they vary as the inflammations are true as Phlegmons from whence some are called Phlegmonodes Or Erysipelas wherein the feaver is more sharp called Typhodeis though this name be proper to the feaver in the Erysipelas of the Liver As the feavers from the Erysipelas of the Lungs are called Crymodes The same may come from blood sent into the brain in feavers which hath large cavities and is easily filled And then an inflammation of the Brain is joyned with the fearver which turns suddenly with doting into a Pleurisie with a pain of the Head which went before and caused blood to come thither and makes the feaver more dangerous and violent This may be also in the Stomach Guts Womb Bladder when the blood is sent thither in feavers But when another way which leads into the fleshy parts being membranous have only meseraick veins or are far from the great vessels and the Heart it comes to pass that when these parts are inflamed by pain which comes quickly to such sensible parts that the feavers rather follow the Inflammation than go before them and are as is said symptomatical As that inflammation which is in fleshy parts which are not so sensible of pain comes from the feavers and is a symptom of them These Feavers send blood from the veins into other internal parts Inflamed blood sent into the habit of the body causeth a Synoch these inflammations are red and painful as in the muscles of the Neck and Glandules and maketh inflammations in the mouth Tongue and Jaws and Quinsie And though they begin not from feavers but other causes yet when a feaver comes they increase Somtimes these feavers go before pains and swellings of the Gout when Nature by them drives blood
comes only from malignity or corruption with malignity Corruption with a malignant quality A malignant putrid heat causeth putrid malignant Fevers not only offending the Heart by it self as we shewed in putrid Fevers but with malignity causeth malignant and contagious but not pestilential Fevers these are in Infants in the Meazles and smal Pox seldom in men but in them it causeth common Epidemical Fevers without Bubo or Carbuncle or great symptoms but Head-ach and doting which destroy We shal shew how this corruption gets malignity and in what place and what is the cause thereof The place in which this corruption is bred is the same in which simple corruption is bred in the vessels of the hollow Vein or in the Meseraicks or without them and it is as I shewed in the same humors and bodies If blood corrupt in the great vessels of the hollow Veiu Corruption of blood in the vessels that go to the Heart causeth putrid malignant continual Fevers and of divers sorts from the same causes as other putrid Fevers are divers and hath a venemous quality which is communicated to the heart by the vessels as we shewed in putrid Fevers disturbing it with stinking and malignant heat it causeth continual Fevers dangerous for two qualities In which if Nature send any of that malignant blood into the pores of the Skin or the Membranes it causeth Spots and Pimples smal Pox and Measles aforesaid but if not nothing breaks forth but some small spots which declare the secret venom and Death But then these Fevers differ in respect of the corruption and malignity which meet together The fevers that come from putrefaction of blood are like putrid Synochs and other continual Fevers and as the blood corrupted was temperate or distempered or is neer the Heart or farther off the symptoms are better or worse and the whol course of the Disease varieth Hence some of these are like Synochs and have no strong Fits as in Children of the small Pox when Nature sends the filth forth the Fever is milder In malignant Fevers in men if the Corruption be not great and apear not in Urin or Blood there is great heat and accidents following And if the Corruption increase in an intemperate body neer the Heart or other princcipal part then it begins with Horror and Heat as other continual Fevers and somtimes it is like a Causon or burning Fever in the symptomes From a malign quality joyned with Corruption if it prevail and weaken the Heart in regard Nature being hindered cannot valiantly and in order encounter the Disease it happens these fevers whether less or greater or more hot keep not a certain motion nor time by which they are to be known Yet somtimes they end with a Crisis Those like Synochs putrid end not so but by filth sent forth as in the small Pox. Choler in the Meseraicks if it be malignant as wel as putrid it produceth intermitting malignant Fevers if it be green blew or black and venemous Nature offended therewith presently labors to expel it by fluxes or Vomits and a malignant intermiting Fever is seldom seen but if it come by the long reteining of that malignity those Stools or Vomitings are deadly When humors corrupt out of the Vessels in regard they can scarce produce simple Fevers If malignity happen it begets not putrid malignant Fevers but swounings Convulsions and other accidents and if there be venom which of it self causeth Fevers without putrefaction then it begets such Fevers which may come only from malignity of which hereafter The cause of this malignant quality in the blood joyned to Corruption from whence these putrid malignant Fevers arise is either from things about us or things taken in and retained Air or other bodies about us if they be not only unclean but malignant and we receive the malignity by breath or touching to infect the blood then it produceth these Fevers especially when the blood was foul before When it comes from things about us it comes from great changes or exhalations Change of Seasons or inordinate great and sudden tempests foreshewed by Meteors going afore or then appearing or demonstrated rather than caused cause these faults in the Air which produce these malignant epidemical Fevers like the Plague Among these is a wet spring with much Southerly Wind. Exhalations stinking and venemous coming from the Earth Ditches or Pools and the excrements of living Creatures formerly infected as sweat breath bodies pollute the Air to infect the body and cause these Fevers most common to them that live in the place from whence the seed of the infection sprang Corrupt Diet which not only fouls the blood but is malignant if it offend the blood caused by it both waies makes not only simple but malignant Fevers such as they have who have been in a Famine as the Greek Proverb is After a Famine comes a Plague Corrupt blood long retained in the body as when it is sent out of the Veins into some part and turns venemous causeth such symptoms as they have who are stung with venemous Beasts Also Blood corrupted in the Veins and growing old where it cannot produce a Fever and malignant causeth not only putrid Fevers but malignant and spotted Fevers these are in some men of impure constitutions when there is no epidemical Fever that have been il disposed a long time before This malignity is known by the sudden failing of strength spots and other signs of secret poyson Al so Infants though Nature presently casts forth the venom have such Fevers from the same cause by which they cast off the filth of blood they brought with them and after they renew their bodies by Scabs and Itch and other natural purgations This came not only from the Mothers Courses as they suppose because the Child is not nourished in the Womb with impure but good blood and the excrements gathered to the time of bringing forth after the Child is born are sent forth by stool not only red and green but black But there may be new corruption and venom from change of Diet. A malignant quality alone and without corruption may cause a Fever pestilential and venemous A malignant heat is the only cause of malignant Fevers This quality is seldom seen in the body but a Corruption went afore it to which it is joyned such as hath power to strike the Heatt as soon as it is taken and to infect it and the whol body spirits humors and parts getting Fevers like Ephemâ—â—a's or Synochs with great weakness alone or joyned with other Dâ—eases But these Fevers differ in respect of the Poyson taken in For there are divers sorts of Poysons which strike at divers parts of the body and afflict the Heart and some inflame it and cause Fevers and indeed we cannot declare what this propriety is but we know by the effect that it doth so We shal therefore make two kinds of poysons which cause Fevers from the diversity of
Head I suppose that that pain or sence of weight before and behind comes from the brain offended in the part from whence the Nerves and Marrow proceed The Disease which is in the meninges of the brain or the sensible parts thereof where the Nerves begin which causeth Head-ach is either manifest when a hot distemper inflames the parts or cold when it plucketh them or solution of continuity stretching or otherwise hurting Or it is a hidden quality which is offensive to these parts The helping Cause is the disposition of these parts to suffer From which cause if they be little the Disease is less if great or more causes meet the Disease is greater A hot distemper is often the cause of Head-ach A hot diflemper of the Brain causeth Head-ach for the Head as I shal shew easily is inflamed by reason of the plenty of spiritful blood and is pained by a preternatural heat And the rather when there is a matter which raiseth the heat to stretch and disturb it Or if there be an evil quality in them that offendeth the brain as it is usually from a hot vapor or humor from blood and choler The Head being uppermost easily receives Vapors Vapors going to the Head cause Head-ach especially thin these heat and pul and give occasion to Head-aches by consent This comes from outward scents but it is rather the return of an old pain which was usual than a new And sometimes from things eaten that with their Vapors strike the Head These may cause new Head-aches if they fil the Brain as in Drunkards who are pained in their Heads from the thin hot vapors of the Wine that heat and prick rather than stretch the Brain by a force as I shal shew contrary to the Brain and Nerves This pain comes after sleep from the stupifying or Narcotick quality of the Wine and the heat remaining and continues till the Vapors are thrown out by Snorting Vapors sent to the Head from hot cholerick and putrid humors in the Veins cause the Head-aches in most Fevers and out of Fevers they cause the fits of the Hemicrania or half Head-ach And Choler in the Stomach sending Vapors causeth Suffusions and Vertigoes or Giddiness and also Head-ach by consent Much spiritful Blood conteined in the large cavities and passages of the Brain Bloood in the Head causeth Cephalalgia by stretching or if it be hot by inflaming it causeth a Dotage or by heat a Cephalalgia or bloody Head-ach called Soda This is Cholerick Melancholick or Flegmatick as the blood abounding is thick or thin This Blood comes into the Head from a plethory in the Body which is from divers causes Or it is drawn thither by the heat of the Sun or Baths Noyse Coughing Stroaks Falls or great motion of the Body or Mind and made hotter Especially in hot Diseases this is a Symptom especially in Fevers in which the blood inflamed with the spirits in the Head as it is also in the great Veins hence comes Head-ach in all Fevers or from the Vapors for in Fevers the Head is made hotter as wel as the body We know when head-ach comes from blood from things foregoing and from the beating pain and redness of the Eyes and other causes Also if such excrementitious Choler as comes pure from the Ears separate from the water go to the Brain and Meninges it makes a pricking but it can scarse get thither without moisture nor doth it then cause pain because in the Jaundies except other causes happen there is no Head-ach A cold Distemper may cause head-ach A cold distemper of the Brain causeth Head-ach as wel as pain in the Nerves by binding and biting and by its adverse contrary quality to every sensible part This may come from flegmatick excrements of the Brain cooling the membranes and not the Brain for then there would be sleep or astonishment as in the Defluxion called Coryza there cometh somtimes actually cold water from the Nose and then the pain of the Head ceaseth Also pain riseth from some external actual Cold either because it astringeth or is otherwise an Enemy to the Head from the Air or Wind or cold things applied to the Head these cause Head-ach if they pierce inward And a little cold external in such as are used to have the Head-ach and to keep their heads warm if they stand bare wil cause the Head-ach therefore they defend their Heads Caps and long Hair And they who are offended easily with heat take off their Hair and say that if it be long they perceive the head-ach to trouble them as we have observed in old Men and bald-pated who use to be night and day bare-headed Also by accident external Cold by driving the external heat inward especially when from a cold place one suddenly removes into a hot may cause Head-ach rather by heating than cooling the Head Solution of Continuity manifest by external causes as a stroak Distention and Twitching in the Brain is the cause of Head-ach or Wound that pierceth to the Meninges make an inward Head-ach with an outward But distension and twitching pains are caused by Vapors and hot humors and flegmatick excrements abounding in the Brain cause the same not so much by their plenty as by their coldness and sharpness which they have by corruption or saltness And this Headach is joyned with a heat and is before or behind as the humor producing it is in the fore or hinder cavity and it is heavy like a weight with stretching and twitching And it is shorter when the excrements stay not and longer when they do and somtimes a Giddiness or Defluxion doth go before or accompany it And the plenty of these excrements being waterish thin sharp and hot as we shewed in Coryza with Head-ach flowing from the Eyes and Nose shew the cause And we have seen abundance of these humors voided not only at the Nose but Ears which have cured an old Ach. Any quality that is an Enemy to the Membranes of the Brain will cause pain in them first A quality which is an enemy to the brain causeth Head-ach and then in the Head either by a hidden force or a manifest quality As Narcoticks afflict the Brain with their evil quality being taken and also cause pain of the Head when they which took them come to their senses and it continues And Drunkards are not so much hurt by the heat and vapor of the Wine as by its evil quality and after Beer we find Head-aches caused from the Hops which are narcotick and stupefactive by which quality we observe that Hops are destructive unto Flies And we have often observed that Head-ach easily comes after the use of Opiates And after the use of other things not narcotick but otherwise offensive as of Saffron Smallage seed not only much taken but smelt to Also Head-ach as other diseases of the Head may come from evil vapors or humors as in melancholly and
which hindereth sleep Also there must be a Natural voiding daily of the Excrements to ease the Stomach from them but too much Evacuation especially by Venery as it weakens the whole Body so it doth the Stomach and troubles of Mind but recreation is good Vomiting is good in all fulness of the stomach Romedies fit for to cleanse the stomach for if it be pained by stretching it is presently eased thereby if it can be which is hard when it is much dilated when breath is difficult Especially vomiting is good when there is heaviness from crude flegmack humors And from weakness in which it is good every month otherwise if there be no Excrements it will do hurt especially if they be unfit or unacustomed to it And in wind when there is no other Humor vomiting is not to be used rashly It is caused by tickling the Throat and rubbing the Stomach or by gentle vomits or such as clense and cure if there be flegm that is tough As Oxymels or syrup of Sorrel with warm water or Decoction of Radishes Beets Arach seeds Asarum and Agarick or stilled water of Nuts and Radishes In weakness we add hot and bitter things and that Cut As wormwood Wine before or Syrup thereof with waters or Decoctions mentioned In all these Causes belching is good to take off the swelling and the Cause if nothing but wind It comes of it self after meat by bending we may willingly hold but not send out a bulch For they which make such a noise like belching do not break wind forth but Air that they first suckt in and which they send from the Gullet not the stomach And it is Caused by Fomentations and hot things actually and potentially so as follow Clysters do well when the Stomach is burdned with Meat or Humors or stretcht with wind to stir up nature and open the lower parts and empty the Guts And in weakness of the stomach if the belly be bound they may be somtimes given especially if they work but little and are not Compounded Of strong things which are forbidden in weakness of the Stomach But we may use sharp Clysters to draw down and such to expell wind if it come from them such as shall be prescribed in the colick If the stomach be desturbed by crude humors or flegm or wind from them or from weakness it is good to purge often but with gentle things that we offend not the stomach Yet in necessity we use strong purges with correctors for such things as offend the stomach and strengthenres The forms whereof we shall mention in relation only to those diseases of the stomach which we have declared Because there are purgers in general for the stomach in other diseases mentioned here and there Pills are thought best for the stomach by reason of the Aloes that is in them which is thought the best purger for the stomach though it stinketh and causeth loathing and by reason of its bitterness and unpleasantness can be very ill taken This Aloes is a thick juyce as it is brought to us and the redder it is the better it is that is if it be of a redlike yellow and it is called Aloes Cuccotrine or rather Succocitrine from its Citron color And when it is hollowed within like a Liver and Brittle it is called Aloes Hepatica But it may be made better by praeparation when it is poudered and washt from its filth by which means it is never the less operative in purging though it be commonly thought otherwise But it is stronger when it is poudered and infused in convenient liquor and dissolved by steeping and then juyce that swims at the top poured of from the residents often and then brought into a Body If this liquor be Wine or spirit thereof or other spiced Drink or Decoction it will warm and strengthen the stomach the more and if it be done in wormwood Wine the cleansing and losning vertue will be the greater I am very much pleased with Aloe rosate with Rhubarb thus made Take the purest succotrine Aloes three ounces washt it nine times in the juyce of Damask Roses and dry it as often then add the pouder of red Roses three drams Rhubarb a dram and of the extract of Rhubarb half an ounce Spicknard a scruple with syrup of Wormwood make a mass for Pills Also the essence of Aloes is thus make Take Aloes succotrine three pound or sour pouder it and put it into a glass with Sorrel water five fingers above it put it in Balneo two or three daies then pour off the Tincture which is reddish and add again Sorrel water but not so much and put it in Balneo again and pour of the tincture do this till the water will take no more tincture still all these tinctures in Balneo till there remain in the bottom a matter like Honey shining and reddish let this be mixed by degrees with juyce of Roses and dryed so often till three pints of the juyce be consumed Keep this essence Of this preperation we give a dram or half a dram as often as we please when we will gently loosen and not hurt but help the concoction With other juyces they are made stronger and better for the stomach Let Aloes be finely poudered and sprinkled with juyce of Roses and dryed and then poudered again and so thrice ordered it will less heat this is called Aloes rosata If it be done with juyce of Wormwood it is better for the stomach instead of which you may use thick juyce of wormwood which they call the extract with the Aloes You may add other alterers to Aloes to make it work to your purpose as when we will heat the stomach spices when we will strengthen Mastick Roses Spike when we will clense more Asarum and Myrrh when we will concoct Saffron and the like as in the Pills of Hiera simple and Alephanginae called Aromatical from the plenty of Aloes which we use chiefly in a loose and weak stomach and are called stomach Pills and the Pills called Asajereth which have Myrobalans in them And we may add to it other purgers when the stomach is very foul but they must not be enemies to the stomach Thus are the Pills to be taken before meat made with Rhubarb and Aloes called Aggregative the lesser of Mesue and Pills of Rhubarb and Agrimony proper for the Liver or those of Mastich made with Agarick or those mixed of both called de Tribus and imperial which have Senna or those which have Turbith called the Stomach pills of Turbith These Pills are used divers waies by themselves or mixed These we sharpen with stronger when we will have them work more and rather with those that have Scammony then that which is more offensive to the Stomach In immitation of all which we may make new stomach Pills thus only to purge the Stomach from Excrements with Correcters which help them rather then alterers which may be given better without purging In a
skin so doth the Gout from the same sent to the Joynts and they who are subject to the Gout are subject to a Synoch with Erysipelas And the Patient hopes somtimes it will be but an Erysipelas when he is subject to have both Also the Blood being made more impure and thin by excrementitious Whey may cause an Arthritis with a smaller Feaver And when the Gout is more general in many parts and comes oftner it is from Blood which easily goeth through the Body and not from a Defluxion from the Head which is seldom the cause but when it is in great quantity Although a particular Gout as the Feet and Hip may be often from blood with a Feaver In these Gouts from blood if it be very hot and inflame the Nerves the pain and burning is greater with redness and tumor except it lye low as in Sciatica and with an erysipelated Phelgmon But if the blood be waterish the tumor will be spread like an Oedema and the pain less and not very troublesom but because it is in divers parts The cause of the heat and foulness of the Blood is mentioned in Synochs as the use of stronge wine excessively which weakens the brain by astonishment and makes the blood increase grow hot and thin which is easily therefore inflamed to produce a Feaver by which a part of it is sent to the Joynts This is the cause and punishment of the Gout Hence it is the rich mans Disease who useth excess in wine and spiced meats that inflame the blood And somtimes the poor mans from other causes as is the Feaver with Erysipelas It comes to all by the Disposition of the Part through weakness and by loosness of the passages as we shewed in Arthritis from Defluxion especially if the Flux hath been often which causeth greater weakness Also Blood sent to other parts that are fleshy in Synochs as into the Emunctuaries of the Kernels there may cause pain with a Tumor and Feaver as we shewed in Feavers Or disturb by its plenty and thinness when it goes to any part of its own accord or by labor or pain An occult malignant Quality as appears by the effect being external An evil quality causeth the French Pox. causeth the pain about the Bones which is called the fourth sort of French Pox. This Quality comes from the Body of another infected whether totally or in part Therefore Whores infected though they walk abroad and have not great accidents may infect others And somtimes a Whore takes it and gives it to the next Customer and clears her self This Quality insecteth by touch especially of the naked tender Privities in Copulation and so it passeth from one Instrument of Generation to another and so to the whole Body Hence it is that it came from the Indies to us And it may come by insected Excrements other wayes as Sweat in Hankerchers or Shirts or from Spittle even as the poyson of venemous Breasts is communicated by biting therefore beware of Spoons and Cups wherein they drink and Kisses by which Nurses infect Children For in my Fathers time in our honest Family my Mother was infected with her Child that she gave suck to by that means through a Harlot that was infected and her servant And my Father with the help of a Chyrurgion cured them both by ordinary means It may come also from the touching of mattery Clouts And a Midwise of sixty years old in Paris delivering a woman that had a venereal Ulcer had an Ulcer in her Hand by which means she infected many honest Women when she touched their Privities as Lewisa Burgesia the famous Midwife to the Queen of France recorded in her Book Few Bodies are thus infected but Infants and very tender People often touched Nor can it come by breath for then more would be infected although many to smoother their unlawful Lechery pretend it This Quality is in a Vapor or Humor and goes from the Body to Body and infects the Part it first toucheth and seldom stayes there but goes like poyson through the body especially into the membranous parts and if it be outwards it is like an Elephantiasis and causeth loss of Hair Pustles and Ulcers As that shall be shewed in diseases of the Skin from the Pox. If it be deep in the solid parts then it gets into the Periostium and Membranes and causeth pain about the Bones especially when there is no Flesh and where many Membranes and Nerves meet in the Heart Breast Skins and the like These pains are increased with heat and produce Nodes after the Periostium is eaten away as we shewed in Cephalaea from congestion of humors And few other inconveniences but no great change in the Spirits and Humors nor doth any thing appear of that Nature in the Urin Excrements and Hurt of the Functions except accidents do arise from great pain and long continuance or violent medicines which we must rather study to cure then the Pox. There is also inwardly a secret Malignity An evil malignant quality causeth external malignant Head ach which being an enemy to some parts causeth pain in the Habit of the Body like this such as we shewed might come from the Pox taken from without or a Head-ach external without the Pox when besides the distemper causeth pain there is also Malignity by which it lasteth longer And some pains of the Joynts that come from Defluxion A malignant Quality causeth a malignant gout when the Humor is malignant may produce somthing malignant and unknown formerly in divers Diseases which is often and lasting and hath its proper accidents and can scarce be cured And we may very well conceive that the pain in the Cramp A malignant quality is the cause of the runing pain in the Cramp which runeth through the Body comes from a perverse quality that is offensive to the Nerves by the wonderful and strange accidents it produceth for a long time by the Nerves through the whole Body to the extremity of them where the pain is greatest A malignant quality is the cause of pain in depraved Touching And those Diseases which are called Colds and Heats come from Malignity as appears by their prodigious Symptoms The Cure When accidents are joyned with pains in the Habit of the Body The Cure of pains in the Habit of the Body when other accidents are greater and are greater we shewed the Cure thereof to be in the accidents that are most urgent As when pain comes from Distention and from too much motion it becomes a stretching pain with Laziness or a violent with the Cramp The Cure of one is shewed in the Cramp and of the other in Laziness And if the pain increase from too much motion and a Flux of blood be joyned you must use the same Cure And if the pain be chiefly in the Back from inward Diseases it must be cured as the Symptom of these Diseases If Wind cause stretching pain cure
an Electuary Or add to this pouder Pomegranat seeds and Sorrel seeds one dram Dock seeds Raysons stones each half a dram and other stomachical astringents as Acacia Box-thorne and torrefied Myrobalanes Other strengtheners and astringents for a loose moist cold stomack are of Candies as of Acorus Citron peels Quinces Nutmegs Cloves Electuaries are Diacydonites with the species of wild Acorus with the species Or our Composition which consists of Marmalad of Quinces one ounce and an half candied Citron peelsone ounce c. and the two mixtures there mentioned Conserve of Rosemary flowers hath been often given with good success with some drops of spirit of Vitriol After flegm is purged apply outwardly to strengthen and bind the stomach things mentioned in the weakness thereof especially astringents which are good both to the stomach and belly And some things mentioned in Diarrhaea if the loosness be very great Oyles mentioned in weakness of the stomach strengthen and bind And the two Oyntments there mentioned which begin thus Take Oyl of Mastick and Spike each one ounce c. Thus Take Oyl of Myrtles c. Also Galens Cerot for the stomach or that which begins thus Take roots of Birthwort Galangal each half an ounce c. Or thus Take Mastick one ounce and an half Frankincense c. Also Emplaisters as that of Mastick which begins thus Take Mastick two ounces Frankincense one ounce Storax c. Or that Diaphoenicon of Mesue or of Montagnanus made of a crust of bread all there mentioned Also the Cataplasm there of Juyces which begins thus Take Mastick half an ounce Frankincense Labdanum c. with the Pulp of Quinces apply it Or this Take Pulpe of Quinces or Pears as in the cataplasm for the dysentery three ounces Rie-bread Crumbs eight ounces boyl them in strong Wine and towards the conclusion add Pouder of Citron peels two ounces Pomegranate peels one ounce Nutmeg half an ounce Roots of Galangal or Cypress two drams Cloves one dram Spike half a dram Wormwood dryed Mints each two drams Labdanum three drams Mastick half an ounce beat them well together and with Oyl of Myrtles Roses omphacine each one ounce and an half Oyl of Spike one ounce make a Cataplasm Also Fomentations as that for a weak stomach which begin thus Take Galangal Masterwort roots c. Or that for a flagging loose stomach which begins thus Take Citron peels half an ounce Pomegranate peels two drams c. Also that astringent bag which begins thus Take Mastick half an ounce Frankincense two drams c. Cupping-glasses to the stomach as we shewed in Vomiting keep the meat longer in the stomach Some use a Dropax or stinking Plaister and Sinapisms or those of mustard If a Lientery come from other causes as from choler The Cure of a Lientery from a sharp Humor or Choler or meat eaten or a sharp Humor which forceth the stomach to send out the Nourishment then the first care must be to evacuate that and allay its sharpness and to stop the Flux and Vomiting as in a Dysentery and the Disease of Choler If a Lientery come from meats eaten let those be afterwards forborn and a good diet be kept as in the weakness of the stomach Let not the Food be moist but thick and clammy that will stay and also will easily concoct as lean and moist flesh green Cheese Rice Papps not made of milk Applying the mean while outward astringents and a Cupping-glass If a Lientery proceed from an Ulcer of the Stomach The Cure of a Lientery from an ulcer or scar that must first be regarded as we shewed in the Pain of the Heart from the Ulcer of the Stomach and the Flux as in a Diarrhaea If it come from a scar it is scarce curable because it cannot be taken away except it depart of it self A Liver-flux if it follow a Dysentery and the strength be spent The Cure of the Liver-flux and the Liver naught is deadly There is another which weakneth by reason of the great Evacuation of water as we shewed in Diabetes and dropsie And the Liver hath then a preternatural Heat and is weak For the Cure of which the temper must be altered and the Liver strengthned and the Flux stopped as in a Dysentery Therefore it is good to take heed of too great openers that are hot and of opening the Veins except with temperate things that carry the whey to the Ureters Thus Opening of a Vein is not needful for the bleeding is so little in this Disease that it requires not so large an Evacuation which will weaken Rhubarb is called the Soul of the Liver and is good here as in a Dysentery where there is any thing to be purged The pouder is given to two drams with half a scruple of Spike or half a dram of Cinnamon with Myrobalans or others mentioned in a Dysentery Or make pills of Rhubarb and Mastick as in the Diarrhaea Take heed here of Aloes for it opens the mouths of the Veins Clysters are not good but of milk if there be pain or other accident use a cleanser or a healer or an astringent Clyster as in a Dysentery Or use these Potions to stop the Flux and to correct the distemper of the Liver Take Syrup of Quinces and of dryed Roses of Myrtles each one ounce of Succory alone or with Rhubarb and of Endive each half an ounce mix them Or make a Julep thereof with water of plantane of Oak leaves Endive Liverwort Also Syrup of Liverwort boyled with Sugar is good A proper Decoction Take Asparagus roots Sorrel Plantane Fennel each one ounce Liverwort one handful Endive Agrimony each one handful and an half Raisons with the Stones three ounces boyl them in Broath or Water It is better with half a dram of the Pouder of a Wolfes Liver given at every draught We allow Milk somtimes because it stops the mouths of the Vessels especially to them that have used it and love it It must have Steel quenched therein and Sheeps milk is best if the Whey be taken out by the quenching Also Almond milk and Rice milk and Barley cream are good Raisons and Currance are good for the Liver especially if unstoned or bruised You may make a thick Juyce of Raisons by boyling them in red wine and straining them and then boyling them again to a Rob or Quiddeny This may be given alone or with pouders Pouders are given alone with Wine Broath Milk or with Rob of Raisons Quinces or with Syrups like Electuaries or with Sugar of Roses or Conserves as of Succory c. The first pouder Take Coriander and Dock seeds each one dram Endive Purslane seeds each half a dram of red Roses one scruple Sanders half a dram red Coral two scruples The second Take Sorrel seeds one dram Seeds of Hatchet Herb or Dodder or Water-cresses each half a dram burnt Ivory two scruples the inward Skins of Hens Gizards one scruple You may add to these one
blood through the Body for the same purpose if this abound in the blood or if the greatest part of the Blood be such because not perfectly made red and yet not so corrupted but it is fit to nourish the Body then this being joyned to the substance of the Body for to nourish it still it makes the flesh and skin of the same colour pale and white and the colour is as far from the true Complexion as the blood is being so or when mixed with evil Juyce or water from evil Concoction In Women especially Virgins when that thick Blood flows not so plentifully to the Veins of the womb nor Nature which allots the purest blood for nourishing of the Child and for monethly Evacuation doth not continue her course to carry it thither and send out the crude and evil Blood there will be an evil Habit and want of Terms as we shewed the defect or want of the Terms not being the cause of that evil Habit but the evil Habit the cause of the want of Termes But if with the evil Habit Cachexy and Cacochymy there be also evil Humors about the Spleen which are carried from hence to the meseraick Arteries there will also be as I shewed a Palpitation of the Heart and other Symptomes by reason of the Cacochyma and Diseases of other parts But if this Juyce be crude and plentiful and long before it nourish the Body so that it swell therewith the cachexy is turned into a Leucophlegmacy or white Flegm and if there be much water the Leucophlegmacy will be serous or if the water abound in a Cachexy there wil be tumor of the Feet and of the Belly and Body growing less and the Dropsie called Ascites wil follow the cachexy or evil Habit. Or if this Juyce which ought to nourish the body be so bad that it will not nourish or be very little in Quantity there will be a decay of the Body and the Cachexy will be turned into an Atrophy As we shall see in the Dropsie Ascites and Atrophy how they follow a cachexy This crudity of Blood if there be serosity or waterishness or cacochymy or suspicion of a Dropsie comes often from the Nourishment if such things be taken which produce crude Juyce or Water as we said in the Imbecillity of the Stomach as Summer fruicts that will not last which if they be taken immoderately by young People make them subject to a Cachexy especially by Virgins being weak and using Exercise This crude Blood which causeth a Cachexy and evill Juyce which causeth a cacochymy or water which causeth a Dropsie comes from the Distemper of those parts which are ordained for Sanguification or making of Blood and Chyle as from the Stomach Liver Spleen and the Vessels and Membranes thereto annexed And if the concoction be made imperfect by the Distemper Weakness or other fault of the Stomach the Chylus be crude and imperfect or foule and watery which after in the second concoction produceth the like Blood because it cannot be sufficiently boiled and the rather if the parts ordained for the second concoction are also infirme We have shewed treating of the pain of the Heart what kind of Diseases are from the Stomach and cause pain Blood that is crude unconcocted foule and watery is made by the Infirmities of the Liver Spleen and Veins because these parts are ordained for the Generation of blood The Liver is the Instrument of Sanguification And that Sanguification may be hindered by the Diseases of the Spleen many former Arguments being omitted by which we shewed that the Spleen also is the Instrument of sanguifying and that it may be hindered by the Distemper of the spleen we can prove because as appears by Anatomies when the Liver is sound and the Spleen rotten there have appeared those faults of Sanguification which have been mentioned and have caused a Dropsie so that we need not make the consent between the Liver and the Spleen to be the cause Moreover from the Distemper of the Veins seeing they help to make Blood whether principally as some think or make it better after it hath been wrought by the Liver which all confess the Blood is less concocted and more crude And this cheifly caused by the Distemper of the meseraik Veins that come from the Liver and Spleen because the first change of the Chyle and preparation of it for Blood is by them for they snatch it and retain it first the Diseases which befal the Liver Spleen or Veins by which the sanguification being diminished the blood becomes crude and thence comes the Cachexy either alone with Cacochymy or Weakness Distemper Obstruction Hardness or the like Weakness of the Liver Spleen and Veins which by consent with the Bowels unto which they are joyned suffer with them is properly that which comes from want of Natural heat if it hinder the Functions so that the blood be not sufficiently wrought and therefore too crude Thus it is the cause of a Cachexy in which the Native colour of the body is lost and it grows bigger there is a shortness of breathing by reason of the Distemper of those parts and a pressing pain of the belly the Urin by reason of crudity is waterish especially if through the plenty of Water they cannot be tinctured with Choller if this Weakness last long it turns the cachexy into a Leucophlegmacy by aboundance of crudity which if it come from other causes also will make a Leucophlegmacy serous or watery Also if from the weakness of the attractive faculty of the Liver there be aboundance of Water not sufficiently attracted by the meseraik Veins the Dropsie Ascites as we shewed in the Treatise of the Dropsie will follow but if their weakness be such that the Blood be not only crude but not enough to nourish the Body it will produce a cachexy in which the Body is rather less then bigger or if by this weakness the sanguification is lost an Atrophy will follow A cachexy is known to come from this weakness if there be no other accidents or Diseases in the Bowels it appears by the evil colour of the whole Body that they are weakned and the Patients so affected are called Hepatick or Splenetick This weakness comes from this dispersing of the Natural heat which is from inward Causes from Birth or through Age or from external causes and remaineth after divers Distempers of the Bowels or other long and acute diseases Among which are Feavers after which the Bowels being weakned by too much heat or cold Drink which is usual there follows a Cachexy which by continuance caused the Feet Belly or whol body to swell Moreover great loss of blood especially of the Menstrual causeth a cachexy not only by the loss of Spirits but because the Veins want refreshment by their emptiness and want of heat with which they were nourished not onely by reason of that crude Juyce which is then produced but because the Body being exhausted looseth
its flourishing colour And if the loss of blood were great the body would rather grow less then swell Also other Evacuations by which the Spirits are consumed do the same among which too much Venery in Man especially The Distemper of the parts and Vessels ordained for sanguification may produce a Cachexy either simple or mixed with Leucophlegmacy or the Dropsie Ascites by causing the weakness which we mentioned to continue and by hindering the Actions of the parts The first is a cold Distemper which chiefly hinders the Functions and proceeds by over much and long use of cold things from external cold to which the Body hath been exposed from which the constitution is known to be such and in regard there is no Thrist and the body appears colder with all signes of a cold cause But although the hot Distemper of these parts especially of the Liver doth not at the first nor by long continuance produce this cachexy or evil Habit Paleness or swarthy colour but it appears rather in a fresh colour as we see in the faces of Drunkards and brings no great hurt as yet but only a constant Thirst by which this hot and dry Distemper of the Bowels is discerned yet in continuance of time in some sooner some later by weakning the bowels and making them unfit for action the Sanguisication being so hindered the body is thereby discoloured and of evil Habit which is a cachexy And this is turned into a Dropsie which appears first by swelling of the Feat and shortness of Breath after by other signs because by continual heat the bowels grow hard dry and cloven as we shewed in the Dropsie Ascites whose causes are chiefly constant use of hot Wines and Meats or hot Diseases The stoppage of the Liver especially of the porta and hollow Veins may be the cause of a Cachexy or cacochymy because it gives occasion to the production of evil and cholerick Humors especially which we declared in the causes of Feavers to be mixed with the blood in the meseraick Veins by reason the exact separation of them from the blood by the second concoction is hindered if impure blood be sent into the body there is rather a foul then a white colour and it is brown swart green or yellow yet not so yellow as when the Pores that conveigh the choler are obstructed and the choler is not separated from the blood as we shall shew in the causes of the Jaundies by which means the Urine in that is not so watery as in a cachexy but it is somewhat high coloured But if this chollerick filthiness retained by the same Obstruction and sent back into the Meseraiks be not much dispersed through the body there is rather a strange Paleness then a colour in the cachexy also the Urine is more crude and waterish and by reason of the plenty of choler in the Meseraiks there is a loosness rather than binding of the Belly and the Excrements will seem rather chollerick then white contrary to the Jaundies And if from the Obstruction mentioned there follow a weakness of the Liver as it may be from thence or other causes then because the working of the Blood is less there wil be a cachexy of crude blood in which crude Juyce nourishing the Body makes it swell But if the Obstruction be so great that by reason thereof the distribution of the blood whether crude or concocted cannot be made into the hollow Vein or such foul blood is produced that it cannot sufficiently nourish the Body it will decrease as we shall shew how an Atrophy comes either when the distribution of Blood is hindered by a great Obstruction or when the blood is unfit for to nourish The cause of this Obstruction in the Liver is either thick or vicid Chyle made of the like the food when it is fastned to the passages and grows more condensed and stops the parts or as some say crude chyle by reason of heat raised through violent motion or baths used after Meat which gets too soon into the Veins and is there retained til it stop them And this may come also from dryed and burnt Blood as we have observed by looking into the Liver of beasts which hath produced such Obstructions by being hindered and burnt into the ashes in the Vessels The same Observations in Man and Beast have taught us that Obstructions of the Liver may come from a serous or watery Humor For we have found in them that formerly by urine have voided Gravel the same red Gravel to be in the Vessels of the Liver sometimes turned to a brittle stone which being dispersed through the Vessels are like white Coral or Ice-sickles And these came from the Earthiness of the Serum which fixeth it self in the small passages as we have shewed in the Treatise of the Stone in the Kidneys It is generally concluded that these Obstructions come chiefly from Flegm which if it be not bred as other Excrements in the Liver of crude chyle and blood and there laid up it comes from the Stomach and Gutts where it is usually abounding being brought thither by the meseraik Veins with the chylus and there continuing it causeth these Obstructions and the sooner if it be slimy or thin and waterish which will more easily get into the Mouths of the Meseraiks if by long continuance in the Veins it grows thick by the heat of the Liver and so become viscous or slimy Also an a Obstruction in the Spleen may cause a Cachexy and such â—s is cacochymical which declares it self by a filthy colour in which if the evil Juyce get into the Arteries there will be beating of Heart and Arteries and the reason is because when the Spleen is stopt Sanguification is hindered and evil Humors are heaped up in the branches of the Spleen and gate Vein which may from the left side thereof go to the right and so into the Liver and then be distributed with the Blood A crude or cacochymical Cachexy as from other Obstructions so it may rise from the Hardness of these parts or Scirrhus which grows in the substance thereof or other hard Tumor which turns to an Imposthume for then the passages are either partly or totally stopped And this turnes to the Dropsie Ascites if from the Distemper or Hardness the parts be not only stopped but left open And because it is usual so we shall shew the causes of the dropsie Ascites more at large hereafter And in an Atrophy how it cometh as also those hard Tumors of the Liver and Spleen what are the causes of them and in what manner they are how they come either from too much drowth of the Bowels or too thick Juyce which nourisheth them They write that besides these Tumors the spleen may swell from wind but I perceive not how wind can be there to blow it up when it is not hollow It may be when the wind is gathered into the left side and stretcheth either the stomach which is