of chylus frequent vomiting swounding fainting and death When the excrements are retained in the belly and issue out of the wound very unsavoury and putrefied and hot by the natural place it is plain that the intestines are hurt The sign of the Reins or Kidnies wounded is the suppression of urine which causeth a sore pain in the groine and testicles with inflation or swelling even to death The accidents of the Bladder offended are one with the reines unlesse the sinewie parts thereof be grieved and then distention of the belly pissing of blood vomiting voiding of urine at the wound suppression of the faculties doting and death follow When Spinae Medulla or the Marrow of the back bone is hurt there followeth the resolution of the sinewes which hindereth the function of the sense and motion voluntary evacuation of excrements appear and for the most part death is the immediate conclusion The solution of a Veine is known by blood of red colour and thick substance The testimony of an Artery hurt is blood somewhat yellow subtie thin hot beating and leaping or violently issuing and as it were by jumps The Tendons Membranes and Ligaments wounded or incised bring the same symptomes as the Nerves do The Cure Wherein the cure of wounds in general doth consist THe Cure of wounds is either by the help of nature or medicine if by nature the strife is at an end the Artist may save a labour if by medicine their cure consisteth both in the reduction of parts disjoyned and dislocated to union and in consolidation and true conglutination of them therefore it shall be necessary to consider that if any thing hinder consolidation it be removed that reduct on be rightly and skilfully wrought lest the parts adjoyned fall into relaps and that the substance of the part with his natural temperament be conserved and lastly that the symptoms be prevented and carefully cured as they arise The first intention in curing of wounds is to take away whatsoever is besides nature as Iron wood lead or ought else with fit instruments and that without pain if it may be to the diseased that consolidation may the better be effected In wounds of the head to take away the hair or what else might seem to hinder the good application of medicines to the grief is the first part Strive also to set well the veins and nerves displaced that the beauty and due office of the member be not diminished and that it may conglutinate the easier and being united keep them so by Ligature future and other due and artificial means It is requisite also that the natural temperament of the part be carefully preserved and that is done by a certain carefull regiment of the body which is universal or particular The universal regiment consisteth in purging medicines as Potions Glisters a sober and frugal dyet abstinence from wine venery and all kinds of meats which may move or attenuate humours and moderate use of good nourishing sustenance all which helps the poor Sea-man is not capable of in long voyages The particular Regiment is in remedies which confirm and strengthen the natural heat of the member debilitated and which hinder and avert fluxion such are Unguentum Nutritum diapalma I mean Diacalsithios dissolved in Oyl of Roses Ceratum Refrigerans Rosat Messue Ungu de minio or the like The general accidents most to be feared that affect the wounded are Haim rrea dolour tumour intemperature a fever faintnesse of the heart convulsions specially where a sinew is wounded The cure of Ha morrea Haimorrea or flux of blood is stayed by medicaments astringent fitted and applyed with convenient future or ligature and sometimes by medicines caustik either actual or potential touched in the Treatise of amputation or dismembring A Tumour is an unnatural increase exceeding the natural state in the body and inducing an offence of the actions of the same the cure whereof is touched elsewhere Intemperature is either over much heat or cold his remedy is by opposites as namely to too hot imtemperature apply a cold medicament c. The intemperature of the Liver chiefly consisteth in oppilation or debility of the faculties thereof and is helped chiefly by wholsome nutriment the lamentable want whereof at Sea is the cause of many the grievous obstructions and other evil effects in Seamens bodies so that oft-times a good Artist shall not be able to heal a mean excoriation The Accidents common to the wounded heart as is said are swounding palpitation thereof a hot burning fever and many other Syncope is a solution of the spirits which forsake the heart whose remedy is Cordials if God have appointed life A Fever is a heat in the heart more then natural infused and dispersed through the whole body whose cure is by purging bleeding and good government A convulsion is a dangerous disease of the brain which often-times is a fore-runner or a messenger of death The diseases in the brain are either in the membranes substance or ventricles and passages thereof whose species and symptoms are many and for the most part very dangerous and of difficult cure For if the substance of the brain be offended the functions thereof are impedited whence proceedeth doting melancholly foolishnesse slothfulnesse Lithargie frenzie madnesse losse of memory deadish sleep giddinesse apoplexie Paralysis and divers other like accidents formerly recited And if the ventricles of the brain be wounded then the motions and senses thereof be grieved Wherefore for the better cure of these wounds in the brain desiccation and cicatrization in due time is needful either by simple medicaments as Spiritus vini bâ—lâ—s Armeniae Terra sigillata Lithargirum Cerusa Tutia Adust lead Burnt paper Allom water Burnt Vitriol or by compound medicines as Vng desiccans rub Diapompholigos Diapalma Divers Accidents will have divers medicaments And as you see the accidents of the wounded are divers so the remedies are not all alike but some are general others more peculiar Those that are onely in the skin or flesh have no difficile cure for oft-times Nature with some easie remedy or a Ligature onely doth help them but those that are compound offending many parts need a methodical and convenient order of curation which is divers as is said according to the diversity of the parts affected for if contusion or ruption be onely of the flesh under the skin there is required consolidation by easie comfortation and desiccation and no suppuration which is effected onely by nourishing and preserving the natural heat or humidity of the member as in other wounds But a contused wound if it be be great requireth purging Glisters potions or pils phelbotomie a wholsome dyet perfect evacuation of the humour that commeth from the veins and suppuration of the contused and livid flesh which two last are affected at the first by mean remedies as oyl of roses and mirtles sometimes by a Paracelsus plaister It will desire also suppurating medicines
Axungia Porcina IT is called Axungia of anointing the Axle-tree to make the wheeles turn easier about for which cause many use it to this day It is liquid flowing like oyl with warmeth it hath a lenifying and anodine quality and therefore it is not unprofitably used for mitigation of sharp humours asswaging of pain healing of burnings with fire and very fitly mixed with Cataplasmes appointed for those effects Axungia Cervi THis Axungia is of a hot nature doth asswage aches resolveth and mollifieth hard tumours in any part of the body And by experience is found very good administred in Glisters to heal the excoriations of the Intestinum rectum for it is anodine and very sanative The manner to use it is somewhat touched in some other my instructions elsewhere Mel simplex ENglish honey being yellow the favour and odour pleasant sharpe pure sincere clear fast or stiffe yeelding little spume in decocting is good and very profitable for those that are costive also for the stomack if one drink it with water it helpeth the bladder and reins it is good for the eyes mundifieth openeth and healeth As for burnings and scaldings it cureth them without scar and is very good to heal ulcers of the ears and saith Dioscorides drunk with water is wholesome for the belly and stomack it helpeth such as are pained in the kidnies and bladder It is also good to anoint the eyes with to clear the dimnesse of sight in them it hath an abstergent or cleansing force it openeth the mouthes of veins whereby it also draweth out fordid matter or quiâ—tur from fetide ulcers But the best honey of all other is that which is gathered in Lituania a Province of Polonia where the Bees breed onely in high trees and gather their honey from a certain flower growing on trees called in Latine Flos Tiliae or Tili in the Germane tongue Lindâ—n holt This honey is white hard and very fragant or odoriferous Of the vertues and uses of sundry Cordial waters FOrasmuch as compound cordial waters truly made of the Spirit of wine with the addition of divers especial costly and medicinal spices drugs and other precious additaments now much in use have been found very available and comfortable by many experiences not onely at Sea and in the very remotest parts of the earth either hot or cold to our nation and others in their travels but also here at home upon many occasions have ministred great help and comfort both in preserving the body in health from diseases and also in curing many great infirmities especially when they have proceeded of cold causes I thought it a thing not unnecessary briefly to set down the vertues and uses of some of the principal of them for the benefit of young Surgeons Aqua Caelestis MAthiolus in his Commentaries upon Dioscorides setteth down this excellent water as a principal Antidote or preservative against all poysons or poysoned and infectious aires whatsoever for that either received into the body or but onely smelled unto it helpeth very much against infections and that it doth very admirably restore again one fallen either of the dead palsie or falling sicknesse and is also good either in the Collick or any gripings of the guts as also in any the weaknesses of the stomack and against any cold fluxes of the guts or belly two spoonfuls thereof given in a glister and hath many more especial good uses and vertues there set down which for brevity I must passe over D r. Steevens his water THis Water needeth no man to describe his vertues being a thing so common and ancient in use composed by that learned Physitian of worthy memory so named Experience hath found it to be a notable cordial water for comforting the head and heart yea and all the principal faculties of the body both animal vital and natural if it be truly prepared and of this there needeth no question if you will but believe the seller thereof Rosa solis THis Rosa solis or rather Rossolis taketh his name of an herb so called which herb is very medicinable as namely against consumptions it hath been often approved and found a certain remedy But the Rosa Solis composition being without deceit made is far more precious for it comforteth the stomack and brain helpeth digestion strengtheneth the appetite openeth obstructions is good against the palsie and falling sicknesse and hath many other vertues Cynamon Water THis Water doth comfort and strengthen the stomack the liver the milt the lungs the heart the brain and the sinewes sharpneth the sight is good against venoms as also the stingings and bitings of venemous beasts helpeth a bad or evil savouring breath is good against loathing of the stomack and where you desire to warm to open to attenuate digest or corroborate in all such cases this precious liquour excelleth witnesse Johannes Jacobus Weekerus alledging Mathiolus yea and divers other famous Writers beside experience it self Limon Water THis is the tincture and chief essence drawn by the spirit of wine from the rindes of Limons which is a great restorative to mans nature and a precious Cordial which not onely aromatizeth the stomack but much strengthneth the feebled spirits and is as an healing balsame to all the inward parts of the body and doth open obstructions and break the wind in the stomack exceedingly Juyce of Limons is touched elsewhere in the cure of Scurvy Rosemary Water THis is a great comforter of the brain sharpneth the sight helpeth the weaknesse of the stomack preserveth from vomiting is very good against the disease Dysentery or the bloody flix the cause proceeding of cold either drunk or three spoonfuls taken in a Glister when you are ready to administer the same It hath very many other good properties too long here to recite Sassafras Water THe spirit of this precious root is a great opener of all obstructions or stoppings in the body namely of the liver the lungs the kidnies and of the spleen and therby it is found by many experiences excellent against the Scurvy the French disease and the yellow jaundise it is an approved remedy also against cold fevers and the dropsie or for those which are inclining thereto for it provoketh urine and sweat in a very mild and natural manner and driveth out many diseases by the pores of the skin It hath infinite more vertues ascribed unto it the best of these roots grow in Virginia You may read Monardus of the vertues of this root more at large in his Treatise of New Spain Aniseed-water THis water as the former and also those which follow have all their substances from the Spirit of wine and must therefore being truly so made retain the manifold good vertues thereof and besides having therein the whole vertues of the Anise-seeds it is found very excellent against wind in the stomack or else-where in the body and against Asma the Tisick and shortnesse of breath it also breaketh flegme and warmeth the stomack Worm
wood Water NO water whatsoever more gratefull to the stomack then is Wormwood water truly composed for it is as balsame thereto It consumeth and breaketh wind mightily killeth the worms whereunto our Nation are subject in the East-Indies hindereth vomiting provoketh appetite is very good against pains in the head proceeding of a cold cause and is very Cordial Balme Water THis water hath a great respect to the heart for of all other but the former no herb is esteemed more Cordial then this and is of a grateful smell and tast yet I hold it more proper to women then men for it much respecteth the infirmities of the Mother and is in the times of their pains very comfortable to take a little of it for the safer and sooner provoking of speedy delivery Angelica water ANgelica water may serve well in stead of Treakle or Mithridate for a preservative against the Plague or any infectious aire for there is no one thing more commended by ancient and moderne Writers in that kind then Angelica is whereof there is good experience it is also very stomachical and cordial and being truly made will retain his strength and vertues forty years and more Mint Water AQua Menthae doth warm and strengthen the stomack liver spleen or milt helpeth concoction stayeth vomit and is very Cordial Aqua Cardui Benedicti CArdâ—â—s Benedictus Water doth ease the pain of the head confirmeth the memory cureth a quartane provoketh sweat and comforteth the vital spirits The Conclusion AL these waters and spirits rehearsed though in themselves they be good yet if any of the best of them be abused and immoderately taken they may as soon do harm as profit I advise therefore no man to make a common use of them or any of them which hath a young able body and may have a good diet at his pleasure for they are chiefly to be used at sea where mens bodies by variety of the venemous vapours and evil dispositions of the aire or unkind diet are in hazzard or where there is a weak stomack evil digestion with a loathing disposition to meat evil appetite and too much loosnesse of the belly also where by extream heat and sweat the spirits of the body are exhausted and spent or where through the extream cold of the same the body is much annoyed and endangered In all these and infinite more evils incident to mens bodies abroad and at home these precious liquors minister present comfort They also are very behoveful to aged people after their meats to help digestion or them which have weak stomacks or that are of sad and melancholy dispositions for it must not be denied that wine comforteth the heart of man and these waters having their original and whole force from the spirit or life of the wine do thereby exhilarate mans heart and give him courage as well as cure his infirmities If therefore these waters be truly made they ought also to be strong of the spirit of wine otherwise they will not keep long good neither are they profitable nor wholsome and being good one spoonful at one time is sufficient or two spoonfuls at the most for the preserving of health they are best to be taken fasting one hour or two after dinner and last at night either alone or with beere or wine some make a toste fasting and drop the same full of cordial water and so eat it and that is very good In gripings of the guts collick or flixes of the belly proceeding of cold causes or much crudity three spoonfuls or four may be used at once in a Glifter but you must not boil it therein onely put it in when it is ready to be administred for if you do otherwise the spirit will evaporate and be of no force Aqua Rosarum Daâ—ascenarum DAmask Rose-water doth refrigerate and comfort the heart is good against swouning and causeth sleep Aqua Rosarum Rubrarum REd Rose-water doth refrigerate bind and corroborate the vitall and animal faculties benefiteth the head easeth the pained eares and eyes and doth good in inflammations and is profitable in medicines against Dysentery Aqua Odorifera SWeet water is very necessary and profitable to aromatize the body and refresh the senses it sweetneth the garments taking all offensive savours away and doth much exhilarate the spirits being well composed of true Aromatick Ingredients Aqua Plantaginis PLantane water is astringent and sanative good to them that are in a consumption of the lungs in a dropsie or that have the bloody flix good also against the quartane ague it cureth the ulcers of the reins bladder and excoriations of the passage of the yard and being drunk helpeth against ardent urine or the sharpnesse of the water Aqua Falopii FOr this water if you desire the composition thereof I refer you to the Author namely Gabrielus Falopius in his Treatise De Morbo Gallico but hereafter I mean to set down some several compositions thereof for the Author hath divers It is a water proper and is made chiefly of Mercury sublimed I say chiefly for that though the other things for quantity be ten for one yet sublimed Mercury will carry no cools but will ever shew his valour in healing or spoiling I put not this composition ready made into any Surgeons Chest but rather leave the ingredients and let the discreet Surgeon make it to please himself for if I my self should find such a composition made by any I should much fear to use of it and so I wish the Surgeons Mate to do in all Mercurial Lotions but rather let him use such other good Lotions as are set down in the cure of the Scurvy unto any of which he may add sublimate and term it if he please Aquâ— Falopii but I say let him well understand himself both in the composition and administration of any such medicines or let him crave advice or rather forbear them and use other safer medicines though their vertues or vices perhaps be fewer Aqua viridis THis Green water which is held a maxime by some Surgeons hath his tincture from Viridi or Aeris and likewise his astringent tast and vertue His chief use is concerning the cures of Opthalmiae in the eyes and also against divers rheumes or distillations of humours troubling the eyes guttatim or drop-wise adminstred for the description whereof I refer the Reader to the rest of my compositions where they shall be found together but I use in place thereof Lapis medicamentosâ—s which in his place also shall be spoken of Aqua fortis AQua fortis or strong water I have to satisfie some Surgeons put into their Chests but for my self I see no reason for it nor do I know any Chirurgical use it hath which is not much better performed by oyl of vitriâ—l whereunto I refer you rather for that it is a far sweeter and surer medicine as at large shall be spoken of in his place Verjuice VErvise or Verjuice made of the juyce of
cold yea even by Galen himself Tesie cap. 6. lib. prim simpl med cap. 20. ejusdem lib. Spiritus vini SPirit of wine of all vegetables is the most precious thing it is the truest of all Cordials the particular vertues whereof to be duly handled would fill a great Volume It is called as is said Spiritus vini quasi Spiritus vitae and the sacred Scriptures testifie that wine makes glad the heart of man wherefore there needs no further argument to expresse it to be a true Cordial It is odoriferous and of a pleasant tast It extracteth out Tinctures from every medicinal subject It preserveth the body from putrefaction and in every cold oppression of Nature it is a true helper for the cough and all distillations of rheumes and fluxes it is a perfect help It comforteth the stomack and provoketh appetite It helpeth those which are thick of hearing one drop daily put into the ear It preserveth a man in health if every morning and evening he take certain drops thereof and defendeth the body that taketh it from the oppression of infectious aires and being sick almost in any disease it may safely be given as a true restorative medicine All sorts of the Cordial strong waters recited for so much as they contain of spirit of wine in them as is said become thereby if not otherwise Cordial indeed for take from them the spirit of wine they contain and the remainder is not worth the room in a glasse Much might here to good purpose be taught of the true use of the Spirit of wine for the cure of wounds ulcers fistula's and many other infirmities if time would serve which for brevities sake I purposely pretermit at this time Spirit of Vitriol FOr this medicine I refer the Reader to the general Treatise of Salt and to that part which mentioneth Oyl of Vitriol where he shall be satisfied Spirit of Terebinthine THis spirit of Terebinthine is a subtile volatile pure and a Chrystalline spirit exttacted from Terebinthina which how much the more noble the subject is so much the more excellent will the spirit be It hath many precious vertues medicinable contained in it for it is wholly combustible penetrative of a warming and comforting faculty it is a good menstrum to draw Tinctures by either from vegetable or minerall medicines and chiefly it is to extract the Tincture from Sulphur which Tincture is a singular good medicine many wayes as in his proper place I mean to touch This said spirit is a true balsame in the cure of all new wounds especially of the sinewes It comforteth all the sinewie parts of the body afflicted with any cold impression as convulsions the Scurvy or the like It provoketh urine very well if 10. or 12. drops be taken in wine fasting and drives out gravel and the stone It is also good to consolidate any inward wound penetrating into the body a few drops thereof daily drunk It is a fit addition for any Unguent serving for a cold disease to amend the warming force thereof and to cause it to penetrate the better It hath many other singular good uses which for brevitie I must passe over The white Caustick THis kind of Caustick taketh his vertue from the vegetable salt it contains and may well be carried in the Chest for that it will last well an East-India Voyage with some times the addition of a little capital lees as need shall require namely when it groweth too hard It is altogether as safe and sure as the Caustick stone but not so swift in working neither so well to be ruled for it will often spread three times as wide as it is intended if it be not warily prevented which thing is dangerous to the Patient and disgraceful to the Artist Wherefore if I had capital lees I would rather boyle up the Caustick stone but then again except the Surgeons Mate know the true height of boyling it and can cut it into pieces one half inch long as is said and with one of the said pieces held in his one hand can perforate the apostume otherwise it is all one with the former white Causticks for being laid on it will become liquid as the other It is not sufficiently safe to cut a hole as the use is in a spread emplaster of the bignesse he would have his orifice and so lay it on and cover it with a like emplaster for that this course cannot hinder the spreading thereof but if he will work surely after that fashion I mean with any potential caustick medicine let him cut from a roll of some soft emplaster that will cleave well a piece of one ounce in weight or thereabout and make of it two long rolles laying one on each side the place of the apostume appointed to be pierced bringing them at each end together for the ends of a caustick incision ought to be narrow and the middest broad if it be artificial at least twice as long as broad is a good form and rather more Regard also that your incision be made as near as may be according to the length of the fibres and muscles and alwayes that it be so made that one end be more dependent then the other But in Bubo's of the emunctories it will seldom fall out so for that you are constrained to follow the form of the tumour which commonly lieth thwart chiefly in venereal Bubo's in inguine or the groine Likewise if the tumour be full and the Patient in great pain you shall do him great ease by piercing the Esker in the middest so soon as it is made to discharge some of the matter But note this as a general rule never presse out the matter too forcibly nor take too much at once out For howsoever you may justly alledge and conceive it is putrid and offensive matter yet know it containeth natural colour and some spirits and any sudden evacuation thereof will weaken and perhaps overthrow your Patient Wherefore except some extraordinary cause urge you thereto force not much matter from a suppurated Apostume but leave that work to nature onely and hinder not the due course thereof by the foolish use of stopping the orifice with a tent for so thou shalt become an enemy to thy Patient and not onely hinder his natural help far above thy artificial help but also uncharitably thou wilt choke him up in his own excrements which beware of And for the furthering the fall of an Esker in an Apostume where nature hath a breathing it is meer folly as I have said in other place The longer it lyeth on the better I like the work and if you would use all the art you can you cannot keep on an Esker at your will wherefore forget that work till it be done to thy hand I have much in my good will to write of this subject namely of the manner of preparation keeping and sundry sorts of applycation of the same caustick and divers other necessary instructions
Succus Acatiae SUccus Acatiae is a forrein medicine for which we use the juice of Sloes it doth refrigerate binde and repell it stayeth all fluxes of the belly healeth excoriations of the intrals strengtheneth much the stomack helpeth appetite healeth ulcerations in the intrals either used in Glisters or eaten in agelly The dose whereof may safely be ℥ i. at one time or 2. ℥ cannot offend but I hold the infusion thereof or the decoction of it to be the aptest medicine because of the grossnesse of the sustance thereof Succus Glycirrhizae SUccus Glycirrhizae or juyce of Licorice in all his qualities is temperate but exceeding in heat somewhat it doth lenifie the throat and mitigate the asperities of the arteries cleanseth the bladder and is good for the cough moveth expectoration and is very profitable against all vices of the lungs and throat Succus Limonum SUccus Limonum or juyce of Limons expelling and refrigerating cleareth the skin of morphew killeth handworms and is of special use to bridle the heat of melancholy to help sharpe and contagious fevers is good to cause a pleasant tast in potions c. and Cordials It is very cordial of it self and the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy to be drunk at all times for it mightily openeth all obstructions and refresheth and restoreth nature Pulpa Tamarindorum PUlpa Tamarindorum the pulpe or juice of Tamarinds is a medicament excellent and well approved of against Scurvy as well for opening the obstructions of the liver and spleen as for comforting and refreshing the blood and spirits decayed or stopped Also it purgeth choler allayeth the heat and fury of blood cureth sharpe fevers and the Kings evil extinguisheth thirst and all heat of the stomack and liver stoppeth vomiting and is good for the Chollick Pilulae Aggregativae PIlulae Aggregativae so called either from the Agaricum or the aggregation of many vertues that are said to be therein for they are profitable for many affections of the head stomack and liver they purge flegme choler and melancholy and therefore are of very good use against continual fevers and inveterate diseases It is described by Mesues whose dose is from two scruples to a dram and a half But beware of the use of these pils where the flux raigneth for Agaricum in such bodies as are incident thereto is a dangerous medicine I speakthis of experience wherefore remember it Pilulae Aureae PIlulae Aureae or golden pils being in colour like aurum or gold because of the saffron in them they are cholagogall attracting choler yea and flegme too from the inferiour and superiour venter and therefore purge the head senses and eyes and restore the eye sight They were first made known by Nicolaus Myrepsus who was the first inventer of them their dose is like that of the pils Aggregative Pilulae Cochiae PIlulae Cochiae deriving their name from a Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a grain pils being formed small and round like grains of Cicers do purge both choler and flegme from the head the liver and from all other parts wherein such humours are contained and are found described first by Dr. Rhasis who is their supposed Author The dose is divers as before sometimes great sometimes small but ʒ i. is the ordinary dose Pilulae de Euporbio PIlulae de Euphorbio pils of Euphorbium receiving Mesues for their Patron are vertuous against the dropsie and Scurvy for they calefie the stomack and intrails purge water abundantly prevail also in removing the cause of tumours and bring aide for the pain of the loines and gout proceeding from too much humidity they are effectual in the quantity of one scruple or half a dram and may be mixed with Pilulae Cochiae Pilulae Cambogiae PIls of Cambogia are good to cleanse the head and refresh the sight to purge choler flegme or melancholy from the stomack or spleen they open obstructions and thereby profit well in the cure of the dropsie and scurvy and for the cure of Icteritia flava or the yellow Jaundise they are very good This Cambogia is much used in Holland and Germany and Doctor Harvey of St. Bartholomews Hospital calleth it purging saffron and giveth it in pils per se in which manner given it purgeth both wayes forcibly but the pils here mentioned purge onely downwards very gently their dose is ʒ ss their composition shall be mentioned in his due place Pilulae Ruffi PIlulae Ruffi or Pestilentiales Ruffi subscribing to Ruffus their inventer a famous Physition and fitting for the pestilence and plague do rather prevent infection then cure the infected for by reason of the aloes the body is freed from excrements by myrrha from putrefaction and by Saffron the vital faculties are quickned but infection once possessed is not alwayes by such light cordials and gentle laxatives removed their dose agreeth with that of Pilulae Aureae they are very stomachal for they refresh much the stomack and in any oppressions of the stomack where gentle purging is required they excell Benedicta laxativa BEnedicta laxativa or the blessed laxative doth mightily open obstructions purgeth choler flegme and all clammy humours from the joynts reins and bladder and is termed Benedicta because it benignely looseth the belly The dose is ʒ ii Pulvis Arthriticus Paracelsi THis is a laxative powder made onely of four vegetables and one Animal simplex with the addition of sugar to give it the more grateful tast the dose is to ʒ i. at the utmost besides the sugar I can speak of the pleasure and profit I have had by this mean purging powder I say pleasure for that it is so pleasant and easie to be taken and profit to me many wayes for it is my general purging medicine when I would purge downwards upon any repletion of the body or general cause of evacuation downwards and I find it indifferent in purging any offending humour according to the commendations the Author giveth of it I can no more misse this plain and harmlesse ready purge then I can misse my Salvatory Oswaldus Crollius a most learned late Writer hath set down this onely purge for the cure of the Podagra giving it this breif commendation It purgeth safely and gently all podagrical defluctions and in truth whosoever shall have occasion of the use thereof will have cause to commend it and knowing it will find small need of Pulvis Hollandicus or Pulvis sanctus whose dose at sea must be at the least two drames being nauseous and unsavoury whereas ʒ ss of this will do as much with great facility and without tortions or gripings of the guts which other compositions cause I use to give it to strong bodies in white wine to weaker in sack but at sea for a need it may be given in fair water and some sirupe to help the tast thereof which neverethelesse is not ungrateful of it self Trochiscus de Absinthio TRochiscus de Absinthio or of
though great Consider therefore diligently whether the brain it self be hurt or no if the brain be offended it is to be known partly by the inflammation dolour apostumation retraction convulsion or deprivation of the functions of the senses and death also is suspected presently or within a few dayes to follow and if the palsie possesse the opposite part it being sound and whole it is doubtful and the sympathie of parts will cause oft-times an abscesse in the Liver and Messenterium and an intemperature of the vitall faculty with a continual fever and death It shall therefore be necessary for the wise artist to know the manner of the hurt that he may wisely prognosticate the danger for if only the Pericran be hurt by incision without any contusion and far from the commissures or seames it is not dangerous at all to be cured and the cure to be wrought is as in other wounds but if it be much wounded by punction or contusion and symptoms arise with a tumour in the head then dilatation is needfull that the contused blood which is between the Cranium and the Pericranium may be extracted and let it be quickly done so shal the symptoms cease and the cure will be easie but and if the offence of the Pericranium be in the suture or seam it is more dangerous because the brain doth sympathize with it If the Fibres passing through the sutures of the Pericranium from Dura mater be wounded or contused it exceeds the other in danger therefore to resist putrefaction let the wound be mundified and if no fracture of the bone be the wound appearing only in the flesh without any offence of the Pericranium the cure shall be as in other wounds But if a fracture in Cranium chance Special observation if the bones of the head be brâ—ken there is required great care namely let the form magnitude thereof be well considered observing also diligently what bone it is and in what part it is hurt and whether the fragments are great or little or sharp pricking the Membranes or not which of what sort soever they be they are diligently to be drawn out with as much ease as may be to the Patient and if they cannot being broader within then without let the trapan be carefully used the use whereof is touched in the book of instruments under the name trapan Sometimes there is onely a depression and then a levatory instrument wil excuse the use of a trapan and take away the spils and fragments which are upon the membrane the blood also which shal issue out upon the same may by a spunge be taken away keep it likwise from cold and of a temperate heat and the place hurt being well cleansed poure mel rosarum warm into the wound or 2 parts of hony and one part of oyl or syrup of drie roses or common hony with turpentine with the yolk of an eg which are remedies mundifying and grateful to the membranes and ought to be applied warm but above all others the linament of Arceus is the chiefest balsom for wounds in the head The general remedies for wounds of the head must neither overmuch refrigerate nor overmuch calefie but be of a moderate or temperate calour The general manner to proceed to the cure of the wounds in the head is as followeth First let the hair be shaven away the next if any loose bons be take them out the next to be done is if a depression of Cranium be strive with the elevatorie to raise it the next is to stay the flux of bloud if any be leaving of the grief undressed for two daies that the veins may knit then inquire of the Patient if he have the benefit of nature if not procure him one not many stools and only see he have natural stools once a day or in two daies not by potion nor pils but rather by glister or suppositorie At the second opening of the wound if occasion serve use the Trapan or take out any spils or bones that seem to offend if Instructions very needful in the bead wounded the second time openâ—d they be very loose not else force nothing out of the wound except the Patient his great necessity force thee thereunto for nature is kind and ready to do wondrous help in the cure of the head For the second application have ready of the noble linament of Arceus never sufficiently commended and being somewhat hotter then the partie would willingly bear it annoint the wound therewith in each place with a little soft lint on a Probes end leaving the said lint therein and with plegents of lint drie fil up the orifice after anointing about the edges of the grief apply a plaister either of Emplast Betonicae Stipticum Paracelsi Minium Mellilote or Diacalsitheos In want of Arceus linament you may take oleum rosarum and mel rosarum which are not much inferior to the former being warm applied some use therewith also a digestive of Turpentine and the yolk of an eg well mixed ana alike quantitie wherewith they spread plegents and then dip them in the warm mel and oyl mentioned and so apply them which is very good and the most ancient practice in curing wounds of the head In want of oyl of Roses oyl of Olive will do wel and common hony for mel rosarum though not so well and if cause be some Artists mix spirit of wine or good aqua vitae with the former medicine and it comforteth wel the brain and very much furthereth good and speedy healing good bowlstring and ligatu re doe much avail to the cure of the head also it is good to keep the partie lying and in a dark place till the greatest danger of accidents be past remembring withall that the overstrict keeping him in may also be very offensive to the sick Let good diet strictly be observed if occasion be and the use of Glisters likewise upon good reasons is also to be approved and it is good to open the Cephalike vain if the brain have been long uncovered or yield a spumous white and thick excrement which seems to be a portion of the substance of the brain likewise to purge the body mundifie the wound and corroborate the brain with Cordials and fomenttations fitting the chiefest is good wine and hony to foment with but I seldome use any Fomentations my self having cured divers Fractures in the Cranium without any Fomentations at all for the use of them at Sea I know is troublesome and dangerous except great Diligent observation of the accidents of a wound required cause Be careful also to observe the danger of thewound according to the accidents thereof for if it be little and superficial it is cured as an other wound but if it pierce the second table it must not be passed lightly over for if you be occasioned to use the Trapan it is to be applied the third fourth or fifth day after the hurt at the farthest
regiment of the sick be carefully observed namely that as much as is possible he use wholsome aliments such as resist putrefaction as sowre and tart things and which are grateful to the vital faculties and when he eateth let it be sparing and often let him drink very little wine If you fear venemous vapours may be gathered give him of good Mithridate Venice TriacleÊ’ ss or DiatesseronÊ’ ss These rules at Sea are not so well to be observed as at Land wherefore let the Sea-Surgeon therein do his best let his ordinary drink be Ptisans or Barley water conceal from him the magnitude of his wound keep him loose onely with Glisters or suppositories let him blood if need be and yet but a little lest poyson or venome setled in the outward parts be thereby drawn in back into the more noble parts and abstain to give him remedies calefying the humour especially at the first In these wounds often appear exudations of clammy humours supposed by some to proceed from membranes and sinowie Ligaments bruised and broken being changed from sound to unnaturall and vicious those humours are to be evacuated or their dangers prevented by good alterative remedies namely abstersive medicines as a good Lixivium or by suppurative mundificative and desiccative things having faculty of confirming and strengthening the parts affected Therefore the fear of a Gangreen being taken away suppuration must be intended in the flesh contused but if in the parts contused there be a vicious humour and the flesh about do putrifie in such cases it is convenient to help suppuration with all speed But first of all let a good Alexipharmacon or Preservative against poyson be given the sick if you see cause namely a little Venice Triacle other Triacle on the point of as knife if it be right and good but if you do fear the vertue thereof to be doubtful as often it is give it dissolved in spirit of wine Cinamon water or good aquavitae whereunto add certain drops of Oyl of Vitriol for it exceedingly resisteth putrefaction You may for a need give Mithridate London Triacle or Diatesseron alone or if the party be of a cold constitution then give him Diatrion piperion or good Rosa solis a little And if he be strong after he is dressed you may lay him to bed to sweat and procure him thereto by a dose of Diaphoreticon given in Triacle or Mithridate regarding as is said that the sick have the benefit of a natural open body yet not many laxative stools for fear of danger Let care also be had of his dyet as is said so much as the time and place can permit Which effected in the next place consider by the view of the wound what manner of local medicaments are most fit And for the first intention of curing it were fit the Surgeon at Sea were never wanting of a good Lixivium to foment the parts percussed or contused let it be such a Lixivium as I have described in the cure of Fractures but somewhat sharper to which for brevity I referr the Surgeons Mate Also have ready Ung. Aegyptiacum and the Caustick stone if it may be also the Artificial Balm Oyl of Vitriol a good Restrictive powder good Ligatures of all sorts stitching needles ready with all other fit instruments not far off if occasion should be as tents splints dorsels spunges clowts rollers tape tow lint plaisters ready spread and the like that when an occasion happeneth he might be ready to perform his duty The most notable differences I have ever observed betwixt wounds made with Gunshot and other contused wounds is onely a furrive Hemorrage and a dangerous disposition to a Gangreen which two accidents warily prevented the cure of such wounds differ nothing from ordinary wounds contused In the curing of wounds of the head as is said Arceus Linament is the chiefest Balm the next thereunto in common use is Mel Rosarum Oleum Rosarum mixed then Honey and Mel mixed with good Sp. vini if the party be not too hot of constitution Unguentum Basilicon is a good healing Balm also the Unguentum Incarnativum or Unguentum aureum is generally a good healing Balm you shall find it no lesse Ung. Necotâ—anum is also a good healer of new wounds but the best is the Artificial Balm For dangerous wounds Oyl of Terebinthine is very good but Venice Terebinthine alone is much better and common Terebinthine is not to be despised and no more is the ordinary Digestive of Terebinthine and the yolk of an egg of each a like quantity well mixed together And yet I would not doubt at all without all these recited medicines to find sufficient healing medicines in the Surgeons Chest for double the occasion that can be imagined which if time would permit me I would write of Directions how to prevent putrefaction to great wounds incident by â— Gunshot And whereas putrefaction as is mentioned alwayes attendeth great wounds made with Gunshot all care in time is to be had to prevent the same Let therefore your first local application if you fear putrefaction be Unguentum Egyptiacum mixed with Wine or Sp. Vini or alone being also very hot injected into the wound or applied on lint And if you fear it will require yet more exsiccation or cauterization add some bumt Vitriol and foment somewhat the outward parts of the grief with a hot Lixivium and apply a hot stupe wet in the Lixivium and wrung out round about the member but if the outward parts about the wound be altered in colour or grow either stinking or insensible make scarification and foment well with strong hot Lixivium and inject thereof into the wound very hot and after such fomentation scarification and injection used as is said then if you yet see cause you may use the former mentioned Egyptiacum with a hot stupe and remove not that dressing without extraordinary cause I mean the Egyptiacum in lesse then 48. hours but rather if you have caused a good Esker The next dressing after the Esker procured by the former dressing it is likely you shall find digestion though imperfect namely durty and foul and the wound will also be very tender and sensible and subject to alteration by the ayre if care be not had Wherefore all things for your next intention of application being first ready ere the wound be opened make a very short dressing and of as gentle medicines as may be I have used an Arceus Linament warm and with soft lint applyed and the edges or parts neer the wound anointed therewith and gently filled the wound with lint then over that a Paracelsus plaister and moreover a large hot stupe wet in a good Lixivium and wrung out with also convenient soft and warm Ligature which is a great help to healing The third dressing I would leave Arceus Linament and betake me to the Artificial Balme which Balme I would apply warm anointing the parts about therewith applying also thereto some good emollient discussing
Surgeon his preparation for the work and that heartily For it is no small presumption to Dismember the Image of God This done have thy other Instruments ready namely a good Dismembring-knife a small Incision-knife two great square stitching needles armed with very strong thred waxed which some use but may also be forborn and one needle also and thred of the ordinary sort to sow rowlers likewise have ready long clouts lesser clouts plegents of tow greater and smaller dorsels and buâ—toâ—s of tow three broad strong rowlers or four of four yards long each with also a form convenient for to place the Patient on with a large boul and some ashes therein to recieve the blood let it be set under the end of the form then wet your clouts I mean your beds or boulsters in water and vinegar and wring them out hard which done make ready your medicine I mean your restrictive powders of both sorts have also ready strong wine-veneger or other good vineger and the white and yolk of an egge together mixt if it may well be had or else vineger onely spread your plegents ready with the restrictive stuffe or Cataâ— lasme following have ready the stronger restrictive powder mentioned namely the ordinary restrictive â„¥ j. and of burn'd Allum Ê’j Vitriol burn'd and of Precipitate of each Ê’i ss all these mixed together This mixture I have termed the strong restrictive powder for that it forcibly restraineth Fluxes aud maketh an Eskar have ready also one plegent made no bigger then the end of the member let it be spread with this recited strong restrictive mixed with an egge and a little vineger which done strew it thick with some of the said strong powder mentioned having another plegent ready broader then the former spred with the ordinary restrictive mentioned and mixed with an egg as the former also take of the buttons of row some four or five wet them in the strong restrictive to be laid on the ends of the great veins and arteries when they are absized This done and ready place the Patient on the mentioned form with one strong man set behind him and another to stand before him bestriding his thigh close to his body compassing strongly with both his hands the member which is to be taken off and holding it exceeding fast some two fingers above the place where you intend to take it away and let another hold up his foot It were not amiss also to have ready a swines bladder which hath been somewhat wet and dryed off again which after the stuffes the first bed and first long rowler is spent draw on the Bladder and proceed to rowl again to the full end of the work in the name of the Almighty the sharp Instruments being as near as you can ever hidden from the eyes of the Patient the two ministers or helpers also being ready and having hold on the member one above another below and also one sitting behind as is said on whom the Patient may lean backward and rest on then take your dismembring knife and with a steddy hand and good speed cut off flesh sinews and all to the bone round about the member which done take a smaller incision knife and divide the panicle called the periosteâ—n from the bone it is a tough thin skin covering all the bones of the body also thrust your said incision knife betwixt the fossels or bones cutting away whatsoever is to be found there with the like expedition the party that holdeth the upper part of the legge with all his strength griping the memberâ— together to keep in the spirits and blood It were also very good that the said party holding the member the flesh and sinews being cut â—asunder should immediately draw or The use of the Saw strip upward the flesh so much as he could keeping his hold that thereby the Saw may come so much the nearer which would occasion a quicker and better healing the flesh being thereby made longer then the end of the bone then if you approve of that course of stitching The manner of stitching the stump as some good men do take the two strong square needle threds mentioned presently after the member is taken away stitch the skin thorow on the one side and just over on the other side and with the other needle do likewise as it were cross over the member the other way and draw the said threds so close as you think convenient the better to stop and choak the great veins arteries then tye them fast and presently put buttons to the heads of the veines and arteries then apply the restrictive Plegents together the lesser spred with the strong restrictive lying on the broder spred with the ordinary stuff this broder plegent must come at the least three fingers over the stump and a linnen bed with them presently following laying a flat hand close on the end of the stump and holding it so till another standing by draw up the said plegents with the saidbed smooth close then let a third mango on with the rowling till the first rowler be spent then if you will draw on a Swins bladder which is no evil course for being once dry you need not fear any flux of blood my self have used it and found it good but your rowling must be very Artificial in such a case or all will not serve forâ—it exceedeth all medicines And there is a second great care to be had in the holder that he hold wel also remember ever in rowling to keep a hand to the end of the stump thrusting up the medicines close and keeping them so excepting ever as the rowleâ— passeth by to make way warily for it and stay it again ever where you see the blood springing out there lay a slender dorsel of tow and rowl over it again continuing rowling till the blood appear no more The first dressing being ended lay the party to bed with the stump high and a pillow under it appoint him a slender diet namely no flesh let him have a comfortable Caudle for the first if you see him weak and afterwards Broths and Pannadons and light things and in small quantity It shall not be amiss to defer the second dressing until the fourth day and no longer only visit the Patient daily and ease or take away some one towler or as you shall see cause Moreover in dismem bring the leg you are to understand that though the foot only be corrupted it is best to take off the leg some four inches below the lower end of the rotule or round bone of the knee the pain is all one and it is most profitable to the Patient for a long stump were but troublesome This work of dismembring is best to be done in the morning do it not willingly the sign being in the place neither the day oâ— the full Moon never take off any member in the joynt yet A caution Petrus Pigâ—rius a late learned Writer
therein for to make it pleasant in taste or without for a need you may well use it or the Lapis Medicamentosus dissolved into fair water maketh an excellent Lotion for the putrified gums Outward â—emedies for the Sâ—urvy in genâ—rall Touching good outward remedies for the cure of this grief bathes Fomentations with also good oyls and unguents cerates cataplasms or emplaâ—ters are each necessary in their due times provided they be of comfortable ingredients namely those which minister warmth and nourishment to the diseased parts and open the pores obstructed all such I say are most fit provided they be alwaies applied very warm and the partie be laid and kept warm upon it Further if it be If swelling grow in any part a Lixivium is good Of what the Lixivium is made a swolne member then this following bathe to â—oment the member will be good namelâ— a Lixivium made of fresh water and ashes and being onely but reasonable sharp for too sharp of the ashes will over heat yea and excoriate this done and cleared boyl some hot hearbs flowres and seeds fitting therein such are Cammomile Mellilote Dill Wormewood Balme Rosemary Thyme Sage Bay-leaves Bay-berries Juniper berries Annis-seed Fennel Coâ—iander Carraway Dill seeds or the like these ingredients or those of them which may be had use and let them be boyled a little therein and either stupes of woollen or linnen clothes wet therein or put the ingredients into bagges after the decoction is made with them and the place well fomented therewith and so laid to sweat with some of the hearbs in the same bagges well wrung out and hot applied till the next dressing But if the disease proceed with stiffnes and hardnesse of the sinews then forbear the Lixivium I mean put no ashes thereto and make the decoction of the mentioned ingredients boyled in the broth of the beef-kettle in wine beer or water for a need adding some salt and likewise if you have it Linseed oyle neats-foot oyle sheeps-foot oyle or oyle of Almonds oyle of Camomile Dill or earth-worms of Bayes of Lillies or some one of them A bath of blood very good Also where you can have it a good bath of the blood of beasts either cows horses asses goats or sheeps blood is exceeding good The manner how to bathe in this bath of blood namely to put the legs of the Patient yea and his body too if it may be into a tub made fitting and the blood kept warm part thereof being still kept hot on the fire and renew therewith the bath still as it cooleth with the warm blood for some reasonable time this restoreth A bath of milk and comforteth mightily the decayed spirits Milk of it self is also good to be used in that kind where it may be had Of Oyles thereto Oyles good outward helps and what they be OYls good to anoint which are Oleum Chamamillae Laurini Anethi or Lumbricorum with à little Spike oyl oyl of Turpentine oyl of Nutmegs pressed out oyl of Peter oyl of Exitor or oyl of Juniper Much hard frication very beneficiall or one of the same mixed with them or some good Aqua vitae and to use strong frication with warm soft hands long continued helpeth much Vnguents What Vnguents are herein helpfull GOod Unguents to help these griefs in my opinion are every warm and comforting unguent in use in the Chirurgions chest but I have had especial trial of an Unguent the composition whereof Two principall Vnguents of soveraign vertue against the Scurvie shall be hereafter described which is named Contra Scorbutum as also of the Vnguentum Populeon I mean the same composition Valerius Cordus hath described for I find it to be very good but you may well say how doth he contradict himself which even now adviseth warming Unguents and presently reciteth Populeon for one which is known to be cold but though I have haste let me I pray thee answer for my self in that one point which I know to be a principal Arcanum in Many â—edicines 〈◊〉 shew that which in effect they are not healing not looked into many a medicine hath a seeming shew to be cold and yet doth contrary effects witnesse Quicksilver juice of Lemmons Vitriol oyl of Vitriol Salt-peter Allum Sorrel and divers others which I could recite all which may easily be proved either hot or cold by their several strong operations and effects which they perform as for example to beginne with Quicksilver it is affirmed What Quicksilver is in shew and in effect to be extreme cold of infinite Writers and his repercussive qualitie sheweth the same as also in repelling and cooleth hot tumours with also the varietie of cold diseases and contractions Podagrical and Chirurgicall procured thereby to divers Artificers which work much therewith as namely to Guilders Foilers of looking-glasses and the like Trades-men which sheweth the same to be cold It also sheweth it self to be hot diversly as namely in that it is so extream subtil and penetrative so invisible to enter the body per poros cutis and being in the body so volatil and busie so caustick and corrosive so extream Laxative so diaphoretick so diaveritick so mundificative so incarnative and so sigillative or siccatrizing as the like medicine by the art or wit of man was never found out juice of Lemmons was ever reputed a cold medicine prescribed and given daily by the Physicians The different vertue of the iuyce of Lemmons in burning and pestilential fevers and that with good reason and good successe even to this day and yet to that notable and cold and terrible disease of the Scurvie how excellent hath it been approved how then in these two recited medicines holds the old Axiom Similia conservantur similibus contraria contrariorum remedia sunt even as true as vox populi vox Dei or pepper is hot in the mouth and cold in the maw if I would desire truly to cool and temper the boyling of the bloud inwardly which I my self would take yea were it upon the safeguard of my own life I would take five or sixe drops of good oil A singuâ—aâ— and approved good medicine to temper the boiling of blood of Vitriol in a draught of fair water with a little sugar a drop or two of Rose-water and as much wine vineger mark well my words if thou knowest not these medicines they are worth knowing or Ê’j of saltniter which is also called Lapis prunella in the like liquor and for want of the sugar Rose-water or vineger of it self or with the water onely for a need I have often proved them so true coolers that they have stayed the Hemoragie or bleeding at the nose the latter whereof shal To stop bleeding at nose good rules seldome fail if you by outward means proceed rationally by applying to the forehead cold and astringent things as also to the nape of the neck also
themselves and let them avoid slothfulnesse avarice envie fear pride or what else may hinder these duties that God may give a blessing to their labours and then the praise and comfort shall return to themselves which God grant And for the elder sort of grave Artists I crave their charitable censures of my weake or undigested instructions which I no way mean to them but to babes in Chirurgery and so I conclude to the honour of the Almightie concerning the Scurvie for this time Concerning the Fluxes of the Belly THe principal Fluxes of the belly by a common consent of divers ancient Writers are chiefly referred to three kinds namely Leienteria Diarrhoea Dysenteria What Leienteria is Leientaria is distinguished to be that Fluxe which either passeth the sustenance taken wholly digested and that without any blood at all and without great pain or as it were half digested The true causes of Leienteria proceed chiefly through imbecillitie and weaknesse of The causes of Leienteria the stomack which may be occasioned many wayes whereby the vertue retentive is weakned yea and sometimes the stomack by some Crudity a cause Apostumation is either wholly weakned and cold or broken or otherwise by crude humidities is oppressed and must be strengthned both inwardly and outwardly by things that corroborate and warm the same as is Syrupe de absinthio or oleanâ— absinthii Chimice 3 or 4 drops thereof in wine or beere for need and I have found it good to a strong body at first namely in the beginning of the disease to give him a vomit of the infusion of stibium or rather of A vomit at first Salvitrioli ten grains if it may be had or of Aquila vitae four grains or of Cambogia twelve grains and so the medicine having done working To corroborate let him presently sleep fasting if he can if not give him a little Cinamon-water or a little sanguis prunellorum if you have it or a draught of good Aligant or conserve of Sloes or Quinces and shortly after namely three houres if he cannot take his rest give him An opiate three grains of Laudanum in a pill and so appoint him to rest but if you conceive or feare the disease to proceed of Apostumation in the stomack then beware of giving any vomit before perfect suppuration of the same for it is deanly but outwardly you may apply then Stomack comforted to the stomack a bag with Worm-wood Mints or sweet Majoram nd warm being sprinkled with Rose water and Vineger or else a Bisket bedued well with Rose water and Vineger being steeped must Pecteral unguent be applied to the stomack or anoint the stomack with unguentum pectorale or with oyl of Nutmegs made by expression also Theriaca andromachi or theriaca LondiniÊ’i ss is very good given him upon the Coâ—â—â—als point of a knife or Marmalad of Quinces is also good Mithridate is very fit and approved or grated Nutmegs is very good and Cinamon in powder taken in meats or drinks is good likewise if these things answer not thy desire thou maist proceed to medicines more astringent Astringent medicines such as follow in the cure of Dysenterie one verie familiar and good Medicine is sanguis prunellorum aforesaid the dose is â„¥ j. or â„¥ ij with Mint or Worm-wood or Carduus water taken going to rest or taken of it self But your mentioned Laudanum in all Fluxes judiciously Cordial water administred is the onely sure help neverthelesse in this grief trie other good things first all Aromatized strong waters are convenient in this case moderately used as well to avoid further fluxes as also in these fluxes to comfort the stomack stiptike wines serve well for it likewise Theriace diatesseron â„¥ j. now and then also electuarium diatrion piperion â„¥ ss on a knifes point given is very good for it mightily Diatrion piperion warmeth and strengthneth the stomack But sometimes it happeneth that not onely the meat passeth away by stoole but also other undigested matter with it in which case Petrus Bayrus in his Veni mecum folio 273. adviseth to use things sowre with meat as Verjuice or the juice of sowre Pomgranats and the like in want whereof the juice of Lemmons is good or rather syrup of Lemmons or syrup de Agrestis or oyle or spirit of Vitriol taken in some fitting drink as Cardâ—us water or fair water wine or Barly water the oyle of Vitriol 3. Syrupe of Lemons Oyl of Vitriol drops taken with conserve of Roses is also good in this disease also keep warm the region of the stomack and Liver and inwardly as is said it is good to use all good comfortable helps that warm Of Diarrhoea DIarrhoea is a flux of the belly which is either merely watrish or with humors and with slime mixed for the signes of the disease are manifest the causes too many for my leisure to note unto you concerning the cure of Diarrhoea if you see that the Patient be strong there is no great hast of stopping this disease for that it is many times a benefit of Nature whereby she avoideth superfluous or venemous or Stop not at the first otherwise vicious and offensive humours but when you shal perceive that it hath continued certain dayes and that the partie is weakned thereby then begin the cure as followeth First give him ℈ ij of Rubarb dried as they use to drie Tobacco and poudered either in wine or Carduus or fair water or the infusion thereof without the substance A purge and after the working thereof a gentle glister will doe well which may likewise leave a stiptick qualitie in the guts but not too strong such as hereafter shall be mentioned and let the partie be laid to rest very warm covered and warm clothes applied to the belly and fundament of the partie and if that helpeth not you may give him Warmth is very good within three houres three or foure grains of Laudanum and let him again incline himself to rest and by Gods help he shall be cured but if he have a Fever give him an opiate first I mean the Laudanum Good helps to the cure of this disease and all Fluxes of the belly are Laudanum these following first to refrain and resist as much as is possible the motions of going to stool not to strain or force the body being at stool not to sit long being at stool in rising to remember to put up worth the observing the fundament with a clout and that if it may be with a warm soft clout to sit as hot as the partie can namely if it may be often to sit upon an oaken board hot is very good hot trenches or pieces of boards heated and applied to the belly are very good and to take the fume of wine vineger sprinkled on a hot brick or iron and sit over it on a close stoole is approved very good and to
Dysenteria Galen s rule if the Dysenteria proceed from humours proceeds of mauy humours or having and ill quality the cure as Galen witnesseth hath one chief and most common intention to that which is contrary to the disposition to be taken away Therefore let there be given Myrabolans which in this case are most excellent for they correct the acrimony of the humours and strengthen the ventricle and the intestines in want whereof Rubarb may be as well given being dried a little But if the flux be pestilential let the matter be purged presently by sweating as is said not respecting the concoction of humours Of Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi and the Vertues thereof THere are many diseases which can hardly be cured without Anodine medicines therefore in the Cure of such diseases I mean where want of rest through extream pain or other the great disquiet of nature doth foretel an imminent danger of death if rest be not speedily procured in all such cases Anodine medicines may doubtless with great reason and good warrant be inwardly given To procure therefore safe and quiet rest sheweth great skill in the Artist and to the Patient is more precious in his grievous infirmitie then much treasure but in no one infirmitie have such medicine more shewed their admirable vertues then that noble medicine The chief vertue of Laudanum called Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi hath done in the cure of that lamentable disease called Dysenterie or the bloudy Fluxe as witnesseth divers of our Nation coming from the East Indies upon good proofe as also being no lesse approved of not onely by ancient and modern Writers but by every expert Chirurgion coming from those countries of their own too many experiences thereof have been made The vertues of this precious Anodine to be I mean here recited as they are noted and set down very learnedly by that famous Writer Oswaldus Crollius late Physitian to Matthias the third Emperour of Ozwaldus 〈◊〉 Crossiâ—e 〈◊〉 of the vertues of Laudanum Germany in his book called Bazilica Chymica and not by him onely but also by divers good Authors of credit which have written of the same medicine before which vertues being very many may seem almost incredible though many of them my self am witness of to be true out of my daily practise onely they are meant by the true composition according as Theophrastus Paracelsus hath prescribed it and is the same composition which the said Writer mentioneth Touching the virtues of the Medicine Ozwaldus concerning Laudanum THis Laudable medicine saith Ozwaldus Crollius deserveth rightly his name although thou call it Laudanum for in all sharp pains whatsoever hot or cold within the body or without the body yea even when through extreamitie of pain the parties are at deaths doore or almost mad with the vehemencie of the same this precious medicine giveth ease presently yea and quiet sleep and that Laudanum more efficâ—cious if the body be soluble safely but much better the body being first soluble either by nature or Art and you may give it safely provoking first onely one stoolâ— by a suppositorie or a glister were better in the collick with Mint-water it easeth the gripings forthwith In the pains and gravel of the kidnies likewise it giveth present ease In the plurisie it presently and safely giveth ease In pains of the joints it is verie good In the staying of rheumes as tooth-ache and other like defluxions in the beginnings it is a singular good medicine as namely in the tooth-ache dissolve foure graines thereof in Plantane water and put it into the eare on the aking side and take three grains into the body and lie to rest it is a sure help In all fluxes of the belly whether they proceed of sharp or slipperie humours or whatsoever else offending cause taken with mastick Terra Sigillata fine Bole or with any other appropriate good medicine it is exceeding sure for it fortifieth the other medicines and doubleth their forces adding his own also thereto In extream watchings and want of rest either inwardly or outwardly taken it is profitable if outwardly you would use it take foure or six grains with three drops of oyl of Nutmeggs which is pressed out mixed together and binde it in two little clouts and put it into the nostrils it will marvellously asswage pains in the head and cause quiet rest In the extream bleedings of the nose called Hemoragie it is an approved secret that sixteen grains thereof divided into two pils and thrust up into the nostrils into each nostril one part helpeth the same In all kinds of Fevers it is good to be given with water of Worm-wood or pill-wise alone and if the heat remain after sixe houres you may give it the second time and after that again in like time safely not exceeding the dose yet let your own experience lead you that where you see three grains will not cause rest in the next potion you give one grain more and so increase paulatim but increase not but upon good deliberation In burning Fevers it asswageth thirst and provoketh sleep chiefly in those Fevers in which the partie seemeth to have some shew of rest with tedious dreams and slumbrings mixed In the disease called Asthma and in the Tysick if it be used in water of Hyssope it will preserve the diseased Patient a long time It conserveth the natural heat strengthneth the spirits repaireth strength lost It is also effectual to be given to melancholy people which are void of reason and are troubled with the passions of the heart It is likewise used with good effect against vomiting and the Hickcock proceeding of wind faintnesse or debilitie of the Ventricle In the superfluous defluxions of the excremental or menstrual bloud it is an excellent remedy with Crocus Martis or red coral In phrensies and madnesse both in wardly and outwardly it is good mixed with Aqua vitae and the temples anointed therewith In the falling sicknesse with spirit of Vitriol or the quintessence of Camphire with also oyle of Almonds it is usually taken The dose of this opiate medicine is two or three or foure grains if there be loosnesse of the belly as is rehearsed it worketh much the better Note that in some parts of the world this medicine in the mentioned dose will doe no ease wherefore when you finde that by experience in the next Patient give more but not to the same Patient without great reason It is best given in any occasion accompanied with waters or The best way to administer it other medicines which are most appropriate to the diseases land parts diseased and yet may very well be given alone in a pill which I willingly do for that the Patient then is least troubled with the taste thereof A caution remarkable But beware you use not this medicine to any which are feeble through a great cough being oppressed with tough phlegme and shortnesse of breath for there it is not
good if the disease be violent as I have said one dose may be given after another with six houres at the least distance very safely but Ozwaldus Crollius saith within foure houres as is said in the Cure of Dysentery The cause of this description of Laudanum In a word this Laudanum passeth all other medicines in the cure of Dysentery for which cause I have published it to the benefit of the younger fort of Chirurgions which adventure their lives toward the East Indies I know it is presumption in my self and deserves blame that I should handle medicines of this nature so copiously for which I crave pardon from that grave and learned Societie of Physitians of London whom of right I ought to reverence and doe excusing my self that I have done it merely for the benefit of young Sea-Chirurgions in the remote parts of the world where they otherwise have used Opium in common without understanding the danger or dose thereof to the losse of many mens lives It behoveth young men to be carefull to carry with them such ballance as the beam will turn at one half of a grain with weights and grains fitting and to keep them warily and alwayes ready at hand for all occasions for he is an unworthy Chirurgion which is at any time unready with such needfull instruments This Laudanum I esteem so sufficient a medicine truely Notâ— prepared in all causes where an â—piat medicine is required that if I were upon my life to morrow to undertake a Voyage to the East-Indies in any great Ship I would renounce all other compositions of that kind whatsoever rather then misse it yet am I not ignorant of divers other good compositions of Opiat medicines in dayly use as namely Philonium Persicum Romanum nit mes Roman sen Tarcenci Athanasicamagna Aurea â—lexandrina Trifera magna nic Diacodion Diascordion Laudanum excelleth all other Opiats and many more before all which I onely would take the true Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi for when the rest had fully fermented at Sea and were void of all their supposed vertues which their preparers had challenged them to have had yea and had been turnd to crawling Animals even then and twentie years after their deaths may any man râ—lie upon the foresaid Laudanum as a true medicine which medicine notwithstanding I know it is unpossible for the Chirurgions Because of his duration Mate to prepare at Sea yet for that he should be the better satisfied when he hath occasion to use it I thought it not a misse to set down the ingredients with also the true form of the preparation thereof his verbis out of Ozwaldus Crollius being one of the best I ever found or read Laudanum Paracelsi Laudatissimum and the true preparation thereof â„ž Opii Thebaici uncias iâ—es Succi Hyoscyami debito tempore collecti in Sole prius inspissati unciam unam sem specierum Diambrae Diamosâ—hi fideliter dispensatarum ana uncias duaes cum dimidio mummiae transmarinae selectae unciam sem Salis perlarum Gorallorum ana drachm iij. Liquoris Succini Albi per Alcohol Vini extracti Ossis de corde Cervi ana drachmam j. Lapidis Bâ—zoartici Unicorni animalis vel mineralis drachmam unam Moschi Ambrae ana scrupulum J. In defectu genuini auri potabilis nullis corrosivis inquinati addantur Oleorum Anisi Carui Arantiorum Citrorum Nuâ—istae Cariophyllorum Cinamomi Succini ana guttae 12. Fiat ex his secundum artem Chymicam massa sen extractum ex que aâ— necessarios usus possint pillulae efformari Observations in the preparation of this Medicine The time of gathering them â„ž The roots and rindes of the younger Hemlock casting away the inward woody part thereof the time of the gathering thereof is the Summer the Moone being in the signe Aries or Libra and before the full of the Moon and if it might be done it were best to be gathered in the very houre the Moon is entred into one of the said signes The preparing of the juice expressed this observed let the juyce thereof be pressed out and filtered and coagulated then set in the Sunne to harden which done extract the tincture thereof per spiritum vini the Opium ought o be purged in some distilled water as of Hyssope or the like as Aloes is used to be purged and after the tincture thereof to be extracted per spiritum The preparation of the Species Diambrae vini the tincture of the Species Diambrae is to be extracted also per spiritum vini The juice of Hioscyami or Henbane with the extract of Opium mingled together with the spirit of wine whereinto they are extracted before is to be evaporated from them ere that they be mixed with the rest of the ingrediences Also the opium and juice of Henbane must be digested in Chymical manner for a moneth at the least that thereby their sulphurous venemous and dangerous vapours they have may be well corrected which vapours have a yellowish froth or scumme seen in the superficial parts of them and are very obnoxious and dangerous which I thought not amisse to advise the studious and industrious Chymist of A special observation Let all the extractions be done in the true spirit of wine well rectified and then the longer the extract remaineth in the digestion the better will be your medicine He that intendeth any part of this composition for women must forbeare the musk and amber-greece and use with it rather foure grains of good castoreum I mean in that one dose he intends to give A digâ—ession the women but in this I digress from my scope of the Sea practise where women in long voiages are rare creatures Wherefore to the business in hand the feces of the opium hioscyami specierum ambrae c. after their tinctures are extracted from them are to be calcined and Extraction brought into salt namely by infusion in some fitting liquor after calcination with all due filteration evaporation and coagulation with Calcination Cohobs convenient and add to the rest of the composition And concerning the tinctures mentioned to be extracted in spiritu vini after one moneth digestions the spiritus vini is by balneum mariae to be evaporated till the residence be almost of the thickness of hony Evaperation which done and gathered clean into one convenient glasse porringer or the like instrument then adde the salt corallorum perlarum Mummia beaten fine and also the Bezar and the cornu cervi muscus and ambra The maâ—ner to fiuish the composition all in fine powder and well mixed with the said extracts then adde the aforelaid salts of the recited feces and also the former recited oiles all of them first mixed together with the Liquorice and Succini shaken well together in a glasse-violl with a few drops of spiritus vini for that the said spirit of wine causeth the recited oiles
thereto if it be to be had in any plenty But let me advise the Chirurgions Mate in all the precedent courses that he Good Chiruâ—gion take notice use good discretion and moderation for over purging bleeding much thin diet will be very dangerous at Sea and will surely turne Two principal observations your Patient unto the Scurvy for note this for a general rule that almost every sicknesse at Sea ends in the Scurvy and the Scurvy oft-times unlades her selfe by a flux with death attending thereon without Gods mercy and the Christian Commiseration diligence By Gods mercy miseries are prevented and Art in curing blessed and skilful hand of the Chirurgions Mate which that he may the better be enabled in all difficult cases to practise and performe his duty the God of all glory assist him with his grace Amen A Treatise of Salt in general And first of the Antiquity thereof Salt sure in vegetables SAlt was created with the world in the beginning for that it is easy to be proved that neither herb bud nor tree whatsoever groweth which containeth not in it selfe a proper and peculiar Salt which is easily and apparently by Art to be separated from the other substances thereof and Health from salt by Gods providence through the wonderful providence of our Almighty Creator each Salt hath some needful vertue contained in it for the benefit of his creatures A further testimony of his Antiquity the Sea which tooke his beginning as Scriptures testifie The Sea and all creatures containe salt Scriptures testify before mankind doth produce the substance thereof being wholly salt And not onely the Sea but also all other creatures of God whatsoever under the whole heavens whether they do consist of Animal Vegetable or Mineral parts cannot nor ever did subsist without a natural inbred salt in them whose nourishment and increase proceedeth from the earth water or ayre where the said creature breedeth and groweth Therefore since it challengeth a place with the most ancient and first creation of all things I need use no more demonstrations but conclude that the Antiquity thereof is undeniable and as cleere as the Sun-shine is at mid-day thus much of the Antiquity thereof Of the kinds and differences of Salt TO intreat of all the kinds and differences of Salt is a worke so difficult and long that no man whatsoever in the whole time of Frivolous to write of all salts this short life can make sufficient relation thereof wherefore to avoid tediousnesse I will take a shorter course namely I meane to doe something therein and leave the rest for others of better capacity that shall come after Note therefore that there are three kinds of Three kinds of salt Salts in general to wit animal Salt Vegetable Salt and mineral Salt and ere I digresse or go any further let me interpret my selfe in plaine tearmes to young practitioners in Art whom alone I desire to benefit The animal salt is understood to be that salt which proceedeth The three sals explained from creatures that bear life and have sense and feeling or moving whatsoever under which are comprehended all beasts fish fowl and worme c. under the name of vegetable salts are comprehended the salts of trees and herbs and whatsoever else may grow by sowing or planting or any other industry of man as well the seed as the fruit or the plant it selfe or any part thereof And under the name of mineral salt is comprehended the salts of all metals as of Saturn Juter Mars Sol Venus Mercurius or Luna as also the salts of all stones with also all earths and their juyces and extractions as likewise all other Mineral and Terrestrial salts whatsoever without name Thus much in briefe for explaining the three principal kinds of Salts each of which have a three-fold several substance contained in them viz. A volatile salt a fixed salt and a Caput mortuum named also Terra Damnata otherwise it may be tearmed to containe a Flegme a spirit an oyle which againe is called Sal Sulphur and Mercury each dividable plainly and easily by Art Some may here object that they will draw more then three substances each being a good medicine from any one subject either Animal Vegetable or Mineral as for an instance from Mercury you may extract infinite several medicines inwardly and outwardly serviceable as namely you may have from Mercury Laxative Vomitive Diaphoretick Diaureticke cordial preservative and sundry other needful medicines to be ministred with great safety and comfort to the diseased as elsewhere of Mercury is noted which speech may seeme very strange to Answer some that all these yea and many more varieties and diversities are found in any one Mineral but though one substance make many medicines yet it confoundeth nothing the tria principia for every medicine is not one principal neither is there any principal tied to Salts good in meats are of three sorts to make but one medicine But to returne being digressed I say the kinds of Mineral salts used at tables and for seasoning meats are to be esteemed three in number one kind is the Bay or Sea salt dried meerely from salt Sea water by the heat of the Sunne The second sort is that salt which we have from the Sea cost or from salt Springs at home made by decoction The third is the salt that groweth concrete bard and pure in the bowels of the earthsuch is the Sal Gemmae and this last is held the best both in meat and medicine it is in colour like Cheystal transparent and groweth in great quantity in Polonia neer the Citie Cracovia my self having gathered of it in the Mines there Of the necessity of salt and of the general utilities thereof The necessity of salt in all things NO one thing which the Almighty Creator hath made for mans use excelleth Salt as well for the sundry and most necessary uses it hath as also for the abundant vertues thereof without the which nothing which is created under the Sunne as is said could subsist in his kind beauty or vigor as for example man the excellentest of Gods creatures without salt presently putrifieth or at the least falleth Example into some extreame disease yea a small distemper in the Animal salt of man is able to kill the strongest man which the simplest may in his owne reason comprehend and know And who liveth which at some time or other hath not tasted his owne bloud either from his How to discern salt in man gums or his nose bleeding or otherwise whereby he is able oâ— affirm the same bloud to be salt I think none will deny it but if any will be so simple or obstinate then let him taste his owne urine and there questionlesse he need not doubt to find it salt but without contradiction the whole masse of mans body is full of salt and if thou wilt not by all this reason be perswaded
to beleeve it then search artificially and thou shalt find yea two kinds of salt in mans bloud and so in all other creatures which beare life and have bloud as well as man namely a Volative salt and fixed salt which salt I say wanting in the body that living creature which wanteth it presently putrifieth Certain evils befalling man wanting salt Some also we see that by a salt rheume in there eyes lose their sights some by a sharp saltnesse in the urine dangerous accidents ensue some fall into the Scurvy some have the Dropsie some the Leprosie with infinite other the like offences hapning by the distemper or want of the Animal salt the examples are very common Nihil sale sole corporibus hominum utilius saith Paracelsus nothing is more profitable Salt preserveth from putrefaction for mans body then the Sunne and salt It is the most precious Balsam for mans life in health it maintaineth health and keepeth mans food from putrefaction in sicknesse sores and aches few medicines to be compared to it Mineral salt being brought to an examen in the fire first from it is by Art exhausted a thin Mineral Phlegma called the Mercury or fleagme thereof which past then there ariseth a most fragrant spirit which openeth Mineral bodies aud breaketh up gold and silver to make them potable or otherwise according to the will of the discreet Artist in which spirits is comprehended the chiefe medicine the residence whereof containeth the fixed salt and the feces therof the feces are meerely good for no use at all that I know and therefore of Chymists are called Terra Damnata Paracelsus speaking of the necessary uses of common Mineral salt affirmeth it to be the true Correcter of all kinds of meats and saith further that meat though being of meane nutriment yet if it be well salted nourisheth much for he is of opinion that whatsoever meat is either eaten without salt or but meanly salted turneth for the most part to the offence of man and breedeth diseases as the falling sicknesse Salt helpeth digestion and comforteth and other great griefs for saith he salt mightily helpeth digestion and concoction and likewise comforteth all the faculties of mans body it is the Balsam of the earth whereby mens bodies are Salt the Palsamum of the earth preserved alive and so of all creatures which containe bloud in them yea and all insensible creatures also as Vegetables and Minerals have their peculiar salt which keepeth them in their vigor and strength from common putrefaction Josephus Quercitanus affirmeth salt to be a spur to all medicines both outward and inward with which it is mixed stining them up and quickning them the better to performe their offices and the longer to retaine their vertues by preserving them from outward putrefaction of the ayre Temperature of Salt in general The temperament of common Salt COmmon salt by the most opinions of the learned writers is hot and dry some affirme in the second degree some in the third this being spoken concerning common salt as it is used in meat and medicine without any further preparation but let no man attribute to all salts one temperament which I suppose none which is discreet will because then he should mistake himselfe for without all contradiction Divers Salts diversly qualified no temperature can be named but some salt may easily be proved of the same temperature wherefore it is said concerning ordinary salts for meat used whether they come from sea or from salt water by decoction or from the ground without mans Art as salt Gemm doth or from the salt springs within the land as our Worcester-shire salt doth yet all those have no manifest differences in their temperature but may be said to be hot and dry and yet according to the strength of them they may one exceede another more or lesse in degree But salt Peeter which is of excellent use for medicine as also for very many needful occasions otherwise whose substance and quality The quality of Salt-Peeter are wonderful being considered yet it is apparent that the temperament thereof is cold by the effects for it doth coole the violent boyling of the bloud no otherwise then if a man should coole fire with water and yet his chiefest substance is spiritual volatile and The substance of Salt-Peeter combustible if it be pure but in truth all minerals shew themselves in operation to be specifical and not truly to be distinguished by their heat or cold and as for the spirit of common salt the medicinal effects thereof are cooling the bloud quenching thirst corroborating and refreshing the stomack c. the tast thereof being almost like the oyle of Vitriol or rather like good juice of Lemmons Further the salts of animal and vegetable creatures may very well be said to have their several temperaments and differences each according to his one kind as the salt of wormwood is esteemed hot and dry like the hearb and so of many other hearbs in like manner may be understood Somewhat of the healing vertues of common salt COmmon sea-salt boyled in the strongest beer to the consumption of three parts of the same beer and being made salt as brine is an excellent bath to ease the pains of the gout as my selfe have proved Good for the Gout often It is also good to cure the Serpigo of the hands Tetters of hard curation Paracelsus speaking of the vertues of salt saith as followeth Serpigo Tetters All those which are vexed with any disease proceeding of grosse crudity or natural humidity as rheumes itch scurfe ringworms or the like noysome griefs let them make a bath of common sea-salt and strong bear boyled together to a third part and as warm as they can possible indure it fit in it and sweat therein and after go to a warm bed and sweat againe and doing so sundry times they shall feele help thereby I have had credit by it when divers greater medicines have failed me especially in the pains of the Gout other aches I have done much good with it and further it is so harmlesse a Good for cold Aches thing that none need to feare the use thereof whereas many other kinds of bathing although they be good in one kind yet hurt in another but this is merely harmlesse to any provided withal before the The body to be purged before it be with a salt hath bathed use of this bath a due preparation and purgation of the body be thought upon Moreover there is an ordinary Lixivium made by expert Chirurgions for the healing Ulcers which is Mundificative Abstersive Discussive and very Sanative performing much in Chirurgery the chiefe ingrediences whereof is vegetable and mineral salts made by decoction with vulnerary herbs in faire water to a just consistence The vertues of this Lixivium this Lixivium in Tumors Ulcers Fractures Dislocations as also in great Contusions Obstructions Gangrenes and many
medicine of Copperas was by the Ancients not known my self I must confesse have made no great use of this medicine onely I have used it as a cooling water against the heat of the stomack and sometimes The Author his experience thereof have found it good as also to foment warme with it for any sudden inflammation in any outward part of the body due Evacuation first considered of The said Author ascribeth many more vertues to this first Phelgma or water of Copperas which for that I would be loth to waste time I will not trouble the Reader with Of the preparation of the second water of Vitriol commonly called Spirit of Vitriol Rules in the work THis first recited water being well rectified separated and kept apart then take the glasse Alembeck mentioned containing the Vitriol from out of the B. M. and place it in Arena or a furnace with sand according to Art the Vitriol within being first made into fine powder and distil it therein so long till all the rest of the Humidity shall be drawne from it which the B. M. had no force to exhale This second water you shall perceive to be a cleere and odoriferous water onely remember that thou force not the water over strongly but doe it by a gentle fire The effects This liquor is good to purge the reines it appeaseth inward fretting and gnawing pains taking one drachme thereof in the morning fasting with flesh broth It also causeth store of urine and moderately provoketh sweat It ceaseth the inflammations proceeding of blows or stripes taken in warm broth and mitigateth the pain thereof but if your fire be too strong your liquor will come over so strong that your dose must not exceed ℈ j. at the most wherefore be wary thereof for a good A Cauâ—ioâ— medicine evil handled may do much hurt and so will this if you want judgement to use it In times past they were wont to calcine Vitriol till it was red whereby it was deprived not onely of the first but also of this his second moist and most spiritual substance but How the Ancients prepared this Vitriol for the spirit that was used by them chiefly when onely they intended to prepare the sharpest spirit or strongest oyl of Vitriol which strong oyl of Vitriol hath all the vertues hereafter recited and many more The vertues of the strongest oyl of Vitriol IT helpeth the infirmities of the Lights with the water of Fennel or fumitory It cutteth away the melancholy humours from the stomack with Balm water and comforteth the stomack after a wonderful manner and doth defend the whole body from inward Apostumes and inflammations and therefore it is used with good successe in the Plurisie as also in vulnerary drinks it is approved good for it attenuateth the blood wondefully and defendeth the parts grieved from fear of Gangrene or putrefaction of the blood It conglutinateth ruptures as well of bones as veins and doth exceedingly corroborate and comfort all the parts of mans body and may well be numbred as a principal amongst cordial medicines It is also a very good medicine not onely in preventing the Scurvy taken inwardly but also It helpeth the Scurvy in the cure of the Scurvy many waies both inwardly taken with any comfortable wine or with beer for need or to make a Beverage therewith and daily to use it in small quantity namely four drops for a dose In the Calenture it excelleth all other medicines taken in Calenture Plantane Sorrel or any other good cooling water or onely in fair water Other convenient courses judiciously held as namely to A Caution procure to the party by suppository glyster or potion some looseness of body with also phlebotomy in due season and quantity according to judgement And likewise observing that a dose of Landanum is in such cases a fit help laying the party to rest a loosenes of the belly I say first had by nature or art Moreover for the overgrowings of the gums in the Scurvy Vitriol or Coperas hath no fellow namely a strong decoction of Vitriol with a little mel or mel rosarum and the gums The gums overgrown after they are let blood well rubbed therewith very hot helpeth well Also if a stronger lotion be required you may touch the rotten gums warily once with the oyl it self but beware you touch not the whole skin with the oyl recited or strong spirit for if you onely but rub A Caution the teeth therewith it is hurtful for it will offend and much decay them although I confesse it maketh them white I have had the experience thereof as well by making black teeth white as also in lotions for the teeth wherefore I know that the much use thereof consumeth Vlcerations of the mouth and throat the teeth in ulcerations of the throat or mouth that resist ordinary cure by other good lotions usual touch the ulcerated part warily but once therewith and the ulcerations will heal very fast A Caution afterwards with any ordinary medicines and helps remembring as cause shall require to use due evacuations or Phlebotomy Also this strong spirit is good for inflamations of the throat namely against Inflamations of the throat Squinancy or Angina used certain drops in a fit Gargarisme or Lotion namely to make it somewhat sower and then gargarize warm therewith for it mightily quencheth inflamations and tempereth well the blood and being likewise a little thereof given to drink namely six A Caution drops in such a case it is much the better alwaies remembring that all such diseases require loosenesse of the belly and sometimes phlebotomy Vlcers and fistula s. Moreover in ulcers and fistula's scarce a better medicine is found to enlarge a strict orifice remove a callow or truly to correct and prepare any inveterate Ulcer to good healing onely by touching it with lint on the end of a Probe thereby putting the medicine to the Purging medicines place where the cause is This strong tart spirit or oyl of Vitriol is almost generally in all purgative medicines a notable corrective and as it were a good help to them to do their office for it comforteth the whole body and it giveth a grateful taste almost to any medicine A bad appetite It is also good to a weak stomack oppressed with phlegme or slime and helpeth appetite taken in conserve of roses it hath infinite other vertues too long here to relate and indeed above my reach to search out Pestilential fevers There is no medicine more precious in pestilential fevers then this strong oyl or spirit is my self have often used it to others in that case and taken it my self with good successe The true and utmost dose is onely so much thereof as may make the vehicle or medicine wherein you give it somewhat sower but not too tart for no man can say justly give five six or seven drops for that one
with the Quick-silver which Quic-silver flieth up to the top of the helm or head of the Still together with the spirits of salt leaving the substance of the salt as also the Colcother in the The subtile quality of Quick-silver bottome of the glasse which is thereby said to be sublimed yet neverthelesse though it seem easily to be made let none attempt to make this medicine without good direction or experience for there is no small danger in the working thereof and yet it is a good medicine well used and hath much helped the Surgeon in the outward cures of desperate diseases as namely fistulaes and rebellious ulcers Of Precipitate How Precipitate is made PRecipitate is also Quick-silver distilled in Aqua fortis which by reason of the strong spirits contained in the violent and fierce vapors of the Aqua fortis or strong water it is coloured red or glistering or yellowish as experience sheweth the vapors proceeding from this kind of preparation are also dangerous and so are the medicines made therewith being often without due respect admiÌ„nistred yea â„¥ j. of Praecipitate one dosse often Pilâ— wise by Eâ—peâ—icks And again some others which would be esteemed more excellent for invention have this medicine a little removed And then they style it Turâ—â—th mineral attributing thereto the perfect cure of the Pox perswading themselves none can do like wonders to themselves but they are children in understanding and know iâ— not onely they are opinionated and The subtilty of Mercury bold and more often kill or spoil then heal as their consciences know for mercury is a fox and will be too crafty for fools yea and will oft leave them to their disgrace whâ—n they relying upon so uncertain a medicine promise health and in the stead of healing make their Patient worsethen before Of Sinabar Whereof Sinabrium is made and the use and abuse thereof SInabar which is used in fumes for the Pox is a deadly medicine made half of quick-silver and half of Brimstone by Art of fire I mean by distillation I know the abuse of these three recited medicines hath done unspeakable harm in the Common-wealth of England and daily doth more and more working the utter infamy and destruction of many an innocent man woman and child which I would my wits or diliÌ„gence knew to help for every horse-leech and bawd now upon each triâ—â—e will procure a Mercurial flux yea many a pitiful one whereby divers innocent people are dangerously deluded yea perpetually defamed and ruinated both of their good names goods healths and lives and that without remedy Me thinks I could spend much time if I had it even in setting down the good and bad things of quick-silver and yet I confess I am too weak to to describe the tenth part of his wonders In Laudem Mercurii OR IN PRAISE OF Quick-silver or Mercurie VVHereto shall I thy worth compare whose actions so admired are No medicine known is like to thee in strength in vertue and degree Thou to each Artist wise art found a secret rare ye safe and sound And valiantly thou plai'st thy part to cheerup many a doleful heart Yet makest thy patient seem like death with ugly 〈◊〉 with stinking breath But thou to health him soon restores although he have a thousand sores The perfect'st cure proceeds from thee for Pox for Gout for Leprosie For scabs for itch of any sort These cures with thee are but a sport Thou humors canst force to sublime and them throw down when thou seest time Yea from each end diseases flie when thou art prest thy force to try Sweat to provoke thou goest before and urine thou canst move good store To vomit for diversion best in purging down thou guid'st the rest Mans body dry thou canst humeckt performing it with respect And being too moyst thou mak'st it dry who can that secret cause descry Quid non men term thee wot's thou why thou canst be faithful yet wilt lye Thy temperament unequal strange is ever subject unto change For thou art moist all men may see and thou art dry in th' highest degree Thou' rt hot and cold even when thou please and at thy will giv'st pain in ease Yet thou hast faults for I dare say thou heal'st and kil'st men every day For which I will not thee excuse nor hold them wise that thee abuse But for my self I do protest as trusty friend within my brest Thy secrets rare most safe to hold esteeming them as finest gold And why thou art the Surgeons friend his work thou canst begin and end For tumours cure yea hot or cold thou art the best be it new or old For recent wounds who knoweth thee hath got a peerlesse mystery A Caustick thou art strong and sure what callous flesh can thee indure In maturation where 't is dew thou art the best I ever knew For repercussion thou win'st praise by dissolution thou giv'st ease What 's virulent thou do'st defie and sordid Ulcers dost descry Yea fistulaes profound and fell thou searchest out and curest well No ulcer can thy force indure for in digestion thou art sure Mundification comes from thee and incarnation thou hast free To sigillate thou do'st not fail and left strange symptoms should assail The grief late heal'd thou canst convay th' offending cause another way The Alchymist by Vulcan sought from volatile thee fixt t' have wrought But thou defiest his trumpery and changest him to beggery Had I but all thy healing Art it would so much advance my heart I should not doubt equal to be In wealth to Lords of high degree But from thy ve nemous vapours vile thy corrosive sting that bones defile Thy noysome savors full of pain God give me grace free to remain For when thou ragest Bird nor Tree nor fish nor fowl can withstand thee What mineral so stout can say she can withstand thy force one day In Saturns brest thou seem'st to dwell by Jupiter foyl thou dost excel Thou Lion-like surprisest Mars rich Sol thou mak'st as pale as ash Thou Venus beauty canst allay thou Hydrage dost Elipse Luna And though thou seem'st to wrong all six not one without thee can be fix Thou art their Mother so sayes Fame which gives them cause t' adore thy name Ready thou art as women be to help poor men in misery Humble to dust and ash at will water and oyl from thee men still Tost up and down in fire thou art yet subtil Mercurie plaies her part Meek as a Lamb manly cake soft as the Wool Tiger like Millions in one one in a Million Male and Female in thy pavillion Thou Hermaphrodite as Fathers know seeming solid truly not so Thou 'lt be in all none rests in thee thy boldnesse brings Calâ—mitie Thou Idoll of the Chymists old who shall thy secrets all unfold Swift is thy wing none can thee stay when thou seem'st dead thou' rt flown away If thou be in all things as men say daily
receiving of divers Mercurial medicines which being dead himself took out â„¥ ij of crude Mercury from within her scull And he also relateth of another who after a Mercurial unction taken vomited up Argentum vivum in drops at the mouth and dyed thereof and my self in Saint Bartholomews Hospital having been there a Chirurgion 23. years have observed very many to have most pitifully been abused that way by Empericks foolish women and by base Impostors who after in short time have dyed by bad Chymick medicines It is reported of Cardanus that in his time he would say he was confident that if he might have for every man woman and childe that precipitate had killed the value of one shilling he should be richer then any living man in the City where he lived And Andreas Libavius doth report of a certain Medicaster of his time which gave his Patient two pils of Mercury of the first he fell into an Apoplexy and of the second into a Lethargy and so dyed immediately He also speaketh of another who had the winde Collick unto whom a Barber gave three Mercurial pils who purged thereby continually until he dyed Also Aduâ—pius a Physitian of Strausburge reports of another Physitian dwelling in Strauburge in upper Germany not far distant from him who in one year was known to have killed 80. Patients which had been under his Cure by the use of Mercurial medicines Also of medicines of Antimony evil prepared and worse taken infinite many have ended their dayes untimely and here I cannot omit to deplore the unchristian audacious boldnesse of the wicked Imposters in these dayes who without any fear of God or compassion to mankinde do rashly rush upon the cure of any infirmity how incurable soever promising cure taking money in hand and thereby engaging themselves to the Patients to cure them but yet when with the best ordinary means they know they have not effected their desires I will judge charitably so far but then they boldly proceed further and put the Indian Rat to work which as aforesaid goeth smoothly down into the stomack but when it is in then it begins to shew what house it came of Now a word or two touching the true preparing of excellent medicines by this art wherein I admonish all men who have not convenience I mean a convenient house and room convenient for the work with learning Judgement Leisure wealth and other additaments fitting as also an able body and a spirit to go through therewith that he or they refrain from the preparing of mineral medicines as also from their vapors for avoyding thr burthening of his soul with the guiltinesse of bloud yea and perhaps of his own bloud by evil vapors proceeding from Minerals in their preparations but for the man that is fitly qualified let him in the name of God goe on the work is good unto which to encourage him I intend to shew the producing of Sal Sulphur Mercury from Animal vegetable and Mineral creatures by a most plain and true Art and that at easie rates The way to draw Sal Sulphur and Mercury from an Animal part â„ž Cranium hominis alicujus Justificate â„¥ xij more or lesse rasp it small put it into an Alembick of glasse well luted S. A. with a receiver joyned thereunto place it in Arena ut mos est distill it first lento igne and there will be found in the receiver a pure water for the first which by Artists is called the flegma or mercurial part thereof which when by a gentle distilling no more will be had change the receiver and increase the fire and a fatty Oyle which the Artists tearm the Sulphur thereof will appear and when by fire no more fatnesse will come over all things being first cold of themselves take out that which is in the bottome of the Still I mean the feces and calcine them and after inbibe and filtrate them and having cleansed the salt thereof evaporate the humiditie or flegm there from S. A. in Balnea and you shall find in fundo a perfect salt then rectifie the Mercurial and Sulphurous parts each per se and put all the three medicins so purified together you have ready a perfect good medicine for the Epilepsia and divers other infirmities and by this infallible rule you may make true and perfect medicines from any members or parts of an Animal creature either of the flesh the bloud or bones thereof But if you fail in your art and namely in the artificial proceeding in the aforesaid processe then blame not him that sheweth you a plain way but begin again and beware amongst the rest of that misery which commonly attends the poor Alchymist namely that his glasse breaks leâ—t you lose the first labour and be to begin anew The way to draw Sal Sulphur and Mercury from a Vegetable substance â„ž Lignum Guaicum made into grosse powder or small chips three pounds or thereabouts more or lesse put it into a retort of glasse likewise well Luted place it S. A. in a furnace in Arena then adde a fitting receiver of glasse likewise well Luted to it as aforesaid let it have a gentle fire for some eight or ten houres in which time an odoriferous clear flegma or water will come over being the most volatile part of that subject which by Artists is tearmed the Mercurial part thereof which being come off change the receiver and increase the fire and a fattie oyle will appear and come over being wholly combustible which is the Sulphurous part thereof all which being drawn of and the furnace and all being cold take out the feces and calcine them a little then put fair warm water thereto and extract the salt per filtrum the which salt water being purified filtrated and evaporated you shall have in fundâ— a perfect white salt and if you then please to rectifie the Mercuriall and the Sulphurous parts each per se and joine them all three together you have a true good medicine in the cure of Morbus Gallicus and divers other diseases An example to take Sal Sulphur and Mercury from a Minerall Body and namely from Salt it self which may perhaps seem strange though true R. Sal Communis sixe pound more or lesse the stronger the salt be the better put it into an earthen pot made to endure strong fire and let it have a narrow mouth and be in capacitie three quarts or more put in the salt and put a receiver S. A. thereto Lute them both together place that in a strong reverberating Furnace and put fire thereunder first gently untill all the Mercuriall volatile and subtile parts thereof be drawn over which done change the receiver and increase the fire gradatiâ—n to the fourth degree as the Artists tearm it but by order paulatim and you shall draw over a strong oyle fattie in feeling and forceible and fierce in operation which is able to dissolve and open the purest and most principle Minerall
preparation is mystical and above my reach the same Character is also used for the Philosophers stone Pulvis Powder of any thing Any fine powder and sometimes it is taken for subtill flores and fine spirits of any medicine Purificare To Purifie Either by sublimation or by precipation or any kinde of purifying or cleansing Putrefactio Putrifie Is dissolving or opening of mixed Minerals bodies by a natural warm and moist putrefaction namely by fimus equinus vel ejus Vicarius M B. Quinta Essentia Quinta Essentia A permanent Essential well digested medicine without grosse superfluities drawn from any subsistence either Animal Vegetable or Mineral Quinta Essentia vini The Quintâ—ssence of Wine This is also called Aquavitae and Aqua Coelestis and Alcole vini and Aqua Ardens with many other names Realgar A kinde of Ratsbane A thing seldome used in healing though sometimes used in Alchymy Reverberatio  A preparation Chymical by fire Retorta A retort of Glasse  Sublimare · To sublime Or to cause to ascend by fire or Art of distilling very many waies Sulphur 🜠Brimstone Discussive sanative desiccative anodine repercussive c. Sulphur Philosophorum Perfect Sulphur vix câ—gnitum A true essential perfect and unisal medicament out of Sol. Sal Communis 🜔 · 🜔 Common Salt Discussive mundificative sanative and most precious for the life of man Sal Gemmae Precious salt like Chrystal A Chrystaline salt naturally growing in mines in Polonia neer the City of Cracovia c. Sal Petrae 🜕 Salt-Peeter A Salt of a wonderful kinde and breeding with effects admirable both good and evil Sal Amoniacum 🜹 · 🜹 Salt Amoniack Growes naturally in Turky but is commonly made of Sal Alkali common Salt Urine c. Teste Andrea libavio Sal Alkali A Salt of an heard called Kali A kind of vegetable Salt but Paracelsus termeth every vegetable Salt Alkaly Sal Colcotharis A salt out of Deadhead A Salt drawne from the Caput mortuum and commonly called Deadhead which is exceeding astringent and drying Sal Tartari A Salt of Argall The Salt of Tartar or wine Lees a medicine of many great vertues both of it self and also for making other medicines Succinum Album S Va · S Va White Amber Commeth from Prutia and is a Cordiall medicine diauretick diaphoretick laxative and generally opening all obstructions succinum Citrinum S rc · S rc Yellow Amber Like the former but not so good yet from this is an excellent oyle drawn serving for many especial medicines inward and outward Spiritus Vini Spirit of Wine A pure and essentiall substance cordial and of infinite other vertues Liquid yet wholly combustible Sapo Sope A good medicine attractive mollificative c. Stratum Super Stratum ssst SSS Two medicines laid one upon another A term of Art often used viz. fiat stratum super stratum that is first put in of the one and then of the other till all be in Solutio Opening The opening of minerall bodies diversly by Vulcans Art Sigillum Hermetis Hermes his Seale A kinde of Luting or sealing of Glasses by a more excellent manner Terra 🜃 Earth Commonly taken for potters earth to make Lute of Tigillum A melting pot A pot wherewith Gold-smiths and other Artists use to melt metals or medicines in called also a Crucible Talcum X. X Talk This mineral is scarce wel known yet the oyl thereof is much extolled for beautifying the skinne Tutia Tutty A medicine commonly knowne and is made of the scum of Gopper or of Copper by combustion Tartarus Argall Is the Lees of wine dried which makes many profitable medicines artificially prepared Tumores Tumors And also any Apostume or swelling wheresoever in mans body Turbith Mineral Turbith Mineral This with some additaments artificial well prepared is precious in the cure of the French pox Vlcus An Vlcer This is the ancient Character for an Vlcer and some authors have used the same for a wound Vitriolum 🜖 Copperaâ— It is best which is made of Copper Vitrum Glasse It is used for a Glasse Still and also for any other kinde of Glasse Vrina Vrine Mans urine or childrens urine it is commonly used in Alchymie and some use it in fomentations and otherwise in Chirurgery and Physick Certain Chymical Verses or Good Will to young Artists from the Author SOme Verses plain at vacant times I fram'd and laid aside Intending youths which leisure have might view what I have tride And as occasion them should leade might search yea find and know The principles which follow here from which great treasures flow Three principles the Chymists hold each creature doth contain And four the Methodists have taught and learnedly maintain Three must I needs confesse I find confirmed all by reason And yet from four to vary ought I doubt 't is petty treason Upon this Theame two schollers might well seven years good time spend Continuing still in argument untill the time had end Wherefore ambiguously to wade within a sea of strife I like it not for fear of knocks I love a quiet life All worthy Artists I adore and duty binds me so Yea thankfully I le learn of each the thing I do not know And ere I le seem once to contend my will shall be so even I know there 's three I yeeld there 's four to make the sum up seven But will you know why Chymists call their principles but three With heavenly number it agrees from all Eternitie A Trinitie in Deitie most sacred and mo st sure All should confesse in unity is was and shall endure From which as from a perfect guide each man his work should frame And in his conversation true alwaies respect the same In honour of which Deitie true Chymists daily find A tripart substance for to be of all things following kind Which in the earthly sphear are found each one in his degree And these by Artists stiled are Sal Sulphur Mercurie Who calling unto reckoning all that Animals do seem Of Vegetables in their kinds they make no small esteem Likewise from minerals each one great medicines they derive Which do root out inveterate griefs and keep men long alive The Mercury that 's volatile the Sulphur burnes like fire The Sal in fundo to remain as Christal's their desire Each of these three to three again the Artist can produce Which done and joyn'd the medicines pure and fit for each good use Thus have I in one Period anatomized plain True medicines how thou mayst prepare if thou wilt take the pain But if that any further seek in true Philosophie The Minerals fix and pure to make that is no work for me I to my Latchet will return and rest me in a mean Good medicines onely to prepare I hold sufficient gain And unto young men that have mind in Alchymie to venture I le shew them to the Labyrinth which who so list may enter Foul hands and face he must not scorn if ought good he would find
Spunges Skillet Chafingdish Pannikins Mallet and Chezel Bloud Porringers Cupping Glasses Potion Cup. Spoon lrage Towe Funnels Cap-paper Leather skins Splints and Tape Skillet large Clouts and Rowlers Emplastra Stipticum Paracelsi Diachalcitheos Oxycroceum Deminio Meliloti Cumini Unguenta Basiliconis Viride Populeonis Album Triapharmacum Dialtheae Diapompholigos Aegyptiaci Linimentum Arcei Digestive Mel Saponis Axungi Porcini Costicum Liquidum Olea Cautulorum Hipericonis cum gummi Rosarum Chamomillae Anethi Lilliorum Lini Pulvis Registringens majus Defensat Simplicia Bolus verus Mastick Myrrhe Pix Greca Lapis Calaminaris Bolus Praecipitatum Sublimatum Lupines Cantharides Alumen Crude Combust VitrioluÌ„ Album Viride Combustum Farina Fabarum Hordei Hearbs Wormwood Mint Rosemary Time Centaury Hipericon Scordium Electuaria De Ovo Discordii Mythridat Phylonium pers Theriaca Andromachi Londinensis Diatesseron Confectio Hamech Alkermes Diatrion Pyperion Diacatholiconis Diaphaeniconis Lohoch Sanum Laudani Aquilla vitae Aurum vitae Extract Catholicon purgans Succus Liqueritiae Lymonum Syrupi Violarum Limonum Menthae Rosarum salutivi Dimoron Oximel Mel Rosarum Conservae Rosarum Prunellorum Barberorum Cochleariae Philulaâ— De Euphorbio Ruffi Cochiae Aureae Pulvis Sanotus Arthretiâ— Aquae Caelestis Cinamomi Rosarum Menthaesimplicis Cum Vino Card. Benedict Plantaginis Aquaevitae Angelicae Lotion Spirit vini Acetum vini Olea Vitrioli Terebinthinae Origani Mel Depurat Simples Aloes Succotrinae Senae elect Rhabarb elect Colycintis Opii Cornu Cervi Rasura Combusta Cerussae Muâ—â—â—â—â— Sperma Ceti Cortices granatorum Galla Radices Liquiricae Semen anisi Faniculi Lini Cuminae Faenum Graecum Flores Comomillae Melilotae Baccae Lauri Juniperi Terebinth Hordei excort Com. Stibium Cambogium Bladders Bags Pots Glasses The Chest A padlock Petty charges WOODAL'S VIATICUM A Help to the Surgeons Chest The first dressing of Wounds made by Gunshot AFTER extraction of unnatural things forced into the wound with the Bullet which ought with all circumspection care and possible ease to the patient to be effected for fear of hurting the offended Arteries veins and nerves c. And also all such fractured bones greater or lesse broken by force of the bullet be taken out I say of all Draw not fractured bones out at the first without caution such of them as may without danger of Life or Limb be immediatly removed for the first dressing wherein note that a fractured bone though wholy divided from the greater fixed part thereof is not as by a general rule alwayes to be cut or forced out at the first dressing except it doth apparantly endanger a Gangrena or other feareful accidents by pricking of Nerves or the like for by amoving it a Flux may Tarry if you may while nature helps be induced or some other offence but you should do well rather to forbear such bones for the first dressing at the least and until nature or other just reasons in the true Art of healing doe compel and to proceed to the dressing In the more simple sort of Gun-shot wound as followeth I mean in wounds where no Gangrena may be suspected neither immediate Flux nor furtive hemorrhage dresse the Patient either with Artificial Balme or Oleum Hypericon cum Gummis de Apericij Oleum Cattulorum Balm in the Chest or Arceus Linament or one of these and apply it warme and somwhat warmer then the Patient would willingly suffer it and cover the wound with an Emp. of mellilot stiptic Paracelsi Minium or any other good Empl sitting Emplaister that is according to Art and namely according to the temper of the griefe ever to make choyce of hotter or colder Emplaisters not omittng convenient bandage I meane due ligature and so Order in cnring proceed in Gods name as in all contused wounds is most convenient to the end of the worke that is to say first to suppurate and digest then to mundify and then to incarne and so on to sigillate or siccatrize with due respect if occasion be by Laxative or other remedies to temper and fit the body by good Regiment of dyet as by purging Spirit of wine bleeding c. And for one particular observe that in Gun-shot wounds almost in all dressings the spirit of wine doth well with some of the aforesaid balmes until the wound be well mundified at the least But in wounds where great danger of a Gangrena is to be feared the Dressing of great Wounds Surgeon hath nothing more safe for the first dressing then 〈◊〉 Aegyptiacum and a little spirit of Wine somewhat too warme put it upon soft Linte or fine towe pledgents or by a Siringe to be carryed in at first into the bottome of the wound which done with some good astringent defensative medicine and fit bandage let it be bound up and if the Surgeon be not forced thereunto let not the wound be opened againe until 48 houres be past upon the first dressing and so also upon every Causticke application Then at the next dressing if Fluxes hinder not have ready if it may be white wine and honey for a fomentation or faire water and Mel for necessity if better cannot be had and with a little Aqua vitae added if you thinke fit with stupes very warme foment the wounded part a pretty space then apply until full digestion one of the a forenamed Balms warm or with the ordinary digestive of Terebinth vitellum ovorum c. and cover it with an emplaister and embrocate the part about with Oleum Rosarum Camom Aneth or the like without urgent necessity but faile not to Time of dressing dresse it once every day and bind it up and after dresse the wound but once a day and more if the Surgeon see cause But I hold it fit that the Surgeon leave off Oleum Hypericon Cum Gummis in time for that it hath Oleum Terebinth therein and so may be too quick and rather change from that and use Vrceus Liniment Oleum Catulorum or some digestive of your owne practice until perfect digestion And if accidents chance not the Surgeons Method may be to proceed as in all contused wounds onely as is said I advise the Surgeon to make use of pure Aqua vitae or rather spirit of Wine with Aegyptiacum where he findeth not a just cause to the contrary Cautions Advices and Instructions for the Younger sort of Surgeons in Wounds of Gun-shot COnceale from the Patient the great danger of the wound except just cause urge thee to acquaint him with it Fomentation Fomentations are very good medicines in wounds with Gun-shot but foment not at any time except you can have convenient fire at hand and let ever your Fomentations be very warme applyed Foment not too long at any one time neither use it but upon urgent occasions Embrocate often if no Gangrena be at hand whether you have fire or not Embrocation Let all your Vehicles for your Medicines as tents dorsels plegents c. be soft
If against the malignity of the blood or any pestilential contagion be feared then in such a case the Patient may take as followeth R. Diatessar two drams Mithrid one dram Elect. de ovo one scruple dissolve or mixe them together and take it in white wine claret or sack or in Carduus or fair water for need of any the aforesaid to the quantity of foure ounces and sweat thereupon and if the contagion be fierce the Patient may reiterate such sweating medicine each eight houres safely for three times or Aurum vitae gr 8 These or any of these other Cordials may be given in other waters and other mixtures according to the discretion of the Surgeon the time place and different occasion considered and for need the aforesaid Cordials or any of them may be taken in a Bolus or lumpe Likewise Mithridate or Audromaches Treacle a dram or two drams of either of them in white wine in Carduus water or in beere or water for a need may safely be taken for a Cordial or in a Bolus if the Patient like it so For tortions or gripings of the stomach or bowels Also Therica Diatessaroâ— three drams for a dose may be taken either as it is in a Bolus or lump to be swallowed down and even so taken it is an excellent Cordial to provoke sweat to remove tortions stitches or gripings of the stomach or lower belly or against any paines therein also it resisteth all putrefactions and pestilential vapors and is the most antient Treacle of all others my selfe have had very much true and good experience of it and would trust my life upon it though not before the two aforesaid Alexifarmiks and London Treacle in like manner is to be used and is a very good Cordiall Elect. de Ovo is also of it selfe a sure good Cordial a scruple I meane twenty graines thereof in a Bolus or lump or in wine given it resisteth pestilential venome and refresheth the spirits and either A Cordial alone or as a foresaid mixed with other Cordials Aurum vitae as also a true Cordial for it comforteth the heart provoketh sweat and by the pores of the skin expelleth poysonous vapors I have had good proof thereof upon my one body when I was strucken with the Plague Conser Rosarum is used to refresh and strengthen the stomach either alone or if you intend to coole and contemperate the blood A contemperative Cordial to purpose adde a few drops of oyle of Vitriol to a little thereof and iâ— to warme the stomach mixe a little Methridate or Treacle one part and Conserve of Roses two parts and give it so in a Bolus Of cooling Juleps Conser Barberies may be profitably kept either to mixe with cooling Barley waters or Juleps to refresh the appetite and the feebled spirits in feavers or sometimes to give little of it in a Bolus or lumpe or to give a relish to the mouth to cause appetite in Feavers and to expel nauseous distempers There is also in the chest Oxymel simplex which I use in the Surgeons chest in want of sirrop Diamor as being nothing inferior thereunto for Lotions in the mouth and throat orderly used it ceaseth inflamations as also for the other vertues it hath exceded Diameron as namely in the swaging of tumours and paines this is a singular medicine and Cure of Hernia humeralis also in Hernia humeralis being tumours of the testicles and scrotum it excelleth them if it be mixt with a Cataplasme of Beane-meale boyled in beere with a little oyle of Elders or Roses and a little wax so that the whole quantity of the Cataplasme being by guesse two pound if so then put about six or seven or eight ounces of Oximel thereunto and boyl it to a body and it is an admirable good medicine for it discusseth and safely repelleth such tumours in their increase with the helpe of Phlebotomy and a vomit where the patient is strong which tumours by the patient his delaying of time or by â—rrour of the Surgeon will otherwise come to suppuration and prove fistulaes incurable but hee that will cure such tumours must have an artificial sacke-trusse and be sure that the griefe be truely and easily borne up at all times of the whole cure and Oximel inwardly administred purgeth the stomach and intrals openeth obstructions and yet without any manifest signe of heat and thereby helpeth much in feavers ingendred of grosse phlegme Of Lotions generally used in the Surgeons Chest the most common is of Sanative hearbs made in the Summer with water or wine or both and honey but at Sea if a laxative or washing lotion in need be Lotion at Sea for a need required faire water with as much Allum therein as will make it tart and so much honey as will give it a grateful tast and there is a lotion for a shift or if in the diseases of the Scurvy a lotion be required then use Copperas instead of Allum or sometimes Vnguent Egyptiacum which is a most fit medicine for Ulcers of the mouth or throat the grieved part being touched very hot therewith and being applied with a Probe armed with Lint And to wash and cool the mouth in feavers I often take fair water foure ounces of Rose water halfe a spoonefull a little sirrup of Violets or Mel for a need and a few drops of Wine Vinegar or Oximel or Oyle of Vitriol a few drops onely to make the Medicine tart I mean the Lotion I have bin taxed that my proportion hath not sufficient medicines contained therein for wounds of Gunshot but if any please to look into the particulars and well consider them he will find that the whole scope of the Surgeons Chest is of purpose contrived to that end and that there is not any one Medicine therein A true Idescription of a wound with Gun shot at the first view but upon the main or upon the by tendeth that way for a wound of Gunshot at the first view representeth a wound an ulcer a Fistula yea and sometimes a fracture and a dislocation and by accidents calleth unto it a feaver an Apostume a Gangren quid non yea without Gods Mercy joyned and the great care of the discreet Surgeon death followeth Judge then if ought be in the Surgeons Chest which in such a wound upon some occasion may not be found useful And for an instance the Chest containeth for the first intention curative of burnings with Gun-powder Vng. populeon Album triapharmâ—c Dipomphol Mel. Saponis Oleum Lini Cerusa Meldepâ—raâ— being all directly fitting for the first intention namely for taking out of the fire and yet the Chest hath divers other helps as for an example a linament may be made of Minium Diacalâ—itheos and Oyles either of Linseed or Roses very profitable for that use And for all the rest as is said of wounds of Gun-shot so I say of Ulcers made by Gun-shot the whole scope of
death and yet neverthelesse by breathing of a Veine or giving of a good Diaphoretick Cordial the partie hath bin recovered and lived Wherefore I would advise the discreet Surgeon that dare adventure his person in such cases not to leave doing of good to his Patient by all rationall administrations and applications so long as life appeareth The convenience of thÄ— cure And one comfort is to the Patient and Surgeon in this disease before and beyond all others that having once overcome the Feaver so that the blessing of health but appeareth by appetite and competent rest or the like cheareful fignes no sores heal faster then Pestilential Sores doe And yet per contra I have also had too much experience in the curing of the diseased of the Plague that it is generally the ungratefulnesse recompensed of all other diseases to the poore and hardie Surgeon Namely fot that he when he hath recovered his Patient for the most part is loathed shunned and avoided not onely of his Friends and Patients but for his hazard cost and care is so under-valued that sometime but for presuming The inconvenience to tell his Patients after he hath recovered them that they had the Plague he hazardeth the future losse of their favours yea and sometimes under favour hath his owne house shut up to make him amends withall Wherefore such ungratefulnesse hath made me in my old age to call to mind the motto of Paracelsus that most famous Artist formerly repeated Alterius non sit qui suus est potest Let him not be anothers that can be his owne And yet I confesse I neither can nor will refraine in one good way or another to be doing good in my calling by Medicines or Advice both in general and particular in that or any other disease so long as God doth give me life and health with strength thereunto maugre the ingratitude of the unworthiest sort of them Quia nos non nobis nati sumus Because we were not bome for our selves And it is just and laudable for every worthy Surgeon to be knowne by walking fairely and blamelesse in his Calling and namely by doing good at all seasons although with some personall hazard now and then for that he is therefore ordained by the Almightie to be ever ready ad omne quare upon every occasion which who so truly observeth shall be blessed For to this end every Artist yea and every Christian man is ordained and also commanded by the holy Apostle S. Paul in these words to doe good and distribute Forget not for with such sacrifice the Lord is well pleased and S. Iames saith that it is true Religion to visit the Fatherlesse and widow in their adversities c. And even the excellencie of the Calling of Surgeons should incite them to zeale where they can as well without reward as for reward where poverty is and need requireth Of the three chief and most principal outward signes or indications of this Disease vulgarly called the Plague and of a fourth THere are onely but three most notable certaine external Three certaine signes of the Plague signes of the Plague apparent to all and those faile not to testify the truth of the disease and by those each old Wife by her experience may maintaine her report of the disease as amply and well as the skilfullest Doctor in times of contagion and they are as followeth Of the first outward signe of the Plague IMprimis the Bubo Pestilentialis which as I may ever justly affirm The â—iâ—st signe Bubo of mine own experience was to me the happy Botch sent upon my own body by Gods mercy and was the sparing of my life for I had it twice namely at two several Plague-times in my Groyne These Buboes Boyles or Pestilential Botches commonly happen The first place where the Plague shewes it selfe in the Emunctories sincks or cleansing parts of the body as the Artist tearmes them and seldome elsewhere if they be pestilential namely they come in the glandulous parts under or behind the The Brain care if the Brain be oppressed which is the place by which the Brain if Nature be able driveth out and dischargeth her selfe of the Venome or poysoned Infection which otherwise would kill the animal spirits and by that the whole body also The second place Or it cometh sub axillis under the arme-holes as it is usually called where also are certain small Glandules or Kernels and to that The Heart part the heart sendeth out the venemous vapours or offending matter either by force of Nature or Art which suddenly groweth there to an Impostume Botch or Boyle The third place The third and last place where commonly a Pestilential Bubo commeth is in the Groine which the Artist calleth Inguen where The Liver when the Liver is oppressed and Nature strong she sendeth forth the disease or Botch thither and that is the third part where the Botch appeareth And as by the way to the Artists of the younger sort a word two of my practicall observations by way of distinguishing the difference betwixt the Venereal and Pestilential Bubo wherein a young Artist may be mistaken to his prejudice Wherefore let the Artist observe as common practice sheweth that the Venereal Bubo although it ever appear in the Groyn it is slower in his progresse then the pestilential Bubo is for the Pestilential commeth for the most part with a Feaver and although the Venereal sometimes in his augmentation in younger persons hath a â—mal feaver for a day or two when it is almost at state it being alwayes thwart upon the dependant part of the Belly called Imus venter or the lower belly namely in Inguen upon or over Os pubis But the Pestilential Bubo or boyl commeth ever furiously on and as in a rage of a Feaver and as being in haste sometimes it lighteth on or near Inguen thwart but more often lower upon the thigh pointing downeward with one end the upper and towards the belly being commonly the biggest or the fullest part of the Bubo the whole thigh being also inflamed which if it doth not hold ever to come right in the place where the venereall Botch doth as is said but as neer the Emunctories as it may yet Howsoever by the fury and uncertaine seat therof the pestilential is ever to be knowne from the venereal and the more certaine by his furious comming or when the Plague raigneth and it happeneth to children which cannot be said to be venereal and yet neverthelesse even in contagious times a venereal Bubo is not to be forbidden by any Surgeon to happen if his Patient please to have it so But to conclude this poynt the discreet Surgeon at the first sight the other forenamed circumstances well weighed may easily know to make a true distinction sufficiently if he be a man of judgment and thus much of the first outward signe of the Plague viz. The Bubo Botch or
like and the whole House if they please and is not very deare TAke Bayberries Juniper-berries of each â„¥ 4. course Myrrhe and course Aloes of each â„¥ j of the Turners chips or shavings of Lign vitae Juniper or Cedar and of white Saunders of each â„¥ j. fe Frankincense storax Calamint Tyme Labdanum of each Ê’ ij make all these into grosse powder and lay thereof upon the embers and fume with them A Caveat concerning fuming of Houses Chambers or Garments with Brimstone THis one Caveat I desire the Reader to take notice of and to be warned touching a grosse Error by many used in their Fumes for Houses or Apparell which I have often observed namely by the burning of Brimstone to fume Houses and Apparel with which in my opinion as well they might prescribe the fuming with Cinaber Mercury Arsenick Rialger or Antimony for I am sure and can maintaine it that the vapors are all venemous and deadly the one as well as the other The Fume of Brimstone dangerous And I can speak it of practise and proofe that I my selfe have seen killed Cocks Hens and diverse other Birds and living creatures as Bees Gnats Flyes c. with the onely smoake of Brimstone and upon good grounds I will not let to shew any man the practise for his learning and that it most artificially killeth Fleas Flyes Lice Gnats and Bees I need not prove Wherefore beware of it for the fume of Brimstone is venemous and deadly I know it and that it is an enemy to the Brain and will quickly confound the animal faculties My selfe have bin from my youth delighted in Alchymy and have opened the bodies of diverse Minerals and farmiliarly of Sal Sulphure and Mercury to my no small cost and now and then some danger and therefore I wish all wise men to beware of them But if any one will teach his Neighbour the practise of fuming his House with Brimstone let him first fume his owne Bed-chamber well with it certaine nights together and shut his doore the Roome being filled with fume and goe to bed or any small Roome that is close where he would have the true force of the fume then brag how he likes it it perhaps may cost him too dear And for his apparell if it be either of wooll or Silke or of Linnen it will surely doe hurt to it as well by rotting them as by staining them There are some parts of the world where there are great Mynes and mighty Mountaines of brimstone perpetually burning and it is affirmed and for truth observed that no Man Beast Bird nor other living creature can live neere them nor within the compasse of the vapor of them Therefore I believe the author of the invention of fuming with Brimstone can never be able to make it good that the vapors of Brimstone are safe nor so much as friendly to the life of man witnesse all the workers in like sulphurous Metals whose very countenance will witnesse that though the substances of Metals are most serviceble to be used yet their sulphurous Mercurial and Arsenical vapors of them are often proved to be most deadly yet will I not deny but that Brimstone is many wayes medicinable and so is Quick-silver to be taken into mans body duly administred and prepared artificially but not their crude vapors by way of fuming Thus much of Brimstone by way of fuming Houses or Apparel Preservatives to be carryed about a man in his pocket or in his hand TAke an Ivorie or Wooden Box with holes in it and fit a Spunge into it wet in Wine or Rose Vinegar wherein some cordial herbs or spirits have been first infused or steeped as Angelica Rosemary Sage Rue Wormewood Balme or at the least some one or more of these and when the wine Vinegar in the Spunge waxeth dry wet it in the same Liquor and put it into the Box againe weakely renewing the aforesaid Liquor Or if a Lemon stuck with Cloves alone be carryed in the pocket or hand of a man or woman it is very good to preserve from contagious ayre It is fit to have something cordial and preservative in a mans hand or in his pocket to smell unto for the refreshing of his spirits and his smelling sences or at the least in the corner of an hand-kercher as namely Myrrhe Angelica Roots Enula Campan Rootes Oyle of white or yellow Amber Zedoarie Roots Calam. Armat Wormewood Rosmarie Tyme Balme Germander Rue or any of these things is good against the venemous disposition of the Ayre A good Pomander to be â—orn to preserve from Pestilential vapours for men of ability Preservatives from the infectious ayr â„ž Storax Calamint Ladanuâ— Benjamin Irios Calam. Aromat Zedoarie of each â„¥ ij make this into powder then take Camphir and Storax liquid of each â„¥ j. and mix these well together adding in the end Musk and Ambergreece of each 4. gr and with Rosewater and Gumme Aarabick or Dragag as much as is fitting make it into Balls and if you please put it into a Box with holes to smell unto it Also a good Civill Orange stuck with Cloves and worn about a man or woman is a good Cordial to be smelled unto An excellent preparation of wine Vineger to prevent from infectious Ayr. â„ž Myrrhe and Aloes of each â„¥ j. se Card. Benedict Marjoram Zedoarie Cynamon Calam. Aromat Penny-ryall wild Tyme Rose leaves of each three handfuls white Saunders â„¥ j. se Juniper berries se lib. Camph â„¥ se Let all these be beaten into grosse powder and steeped in about three gallons of Wine Vineger and the same made warm twice a day for three dayes then use it to wet the face and nostrils sometimes and carry thereof in a Spunge in some Box to smell unto often Also the smelling unto Oyl of Amber is very good I mean not Ambergreece for that were too dear for the meaner sort and not so well warranted by authority for that use But of that Amber which in Latine is called Succinum and is that whereof Beades are made and is gathered in the Seas in Prussia in the East Countreys I say the Oyl of such Amber whereof some is white some is yellow But that of the white is more excellent and precious If a Spunge or any The vertue of the Oyl of white Amber other fit thing be wet in Vineger and certain drops of the said Oyl added or onely a dry Spunge and certain drops of this Oyl dropped into the Spunge and put into a Box and smelled unto it it preserveth from any infectious ayr and comforteth the animal faculties of the body exceedingly and is likewise good against Apoplexies and other Cephalick diseases It being held one of the most precious remedies against the Plague of all other and is not dear to be bought And the same Oyl one two or three drops taken fasting either in white Wine or Beer is a very excellent Preservative against the Plague Of Cordial and
must be very careful to lye still and keep his armes in bed all the time of his sweating or that he have warm sleeves to defend them from cold A second Diaphoretick to be administred Yet by unwarranted fear be not too forward to reiterate â— sweating Mâ—diâ—ines too quick And yet again if any evill signes appear to you give him as afore more Diaphoretick or sweating Medicines untill you see by the lightnesse chearfulnesse and good signes in the sick with good perswasion that the venemous vapours which caused the disease be almost or altogether spent or that the Botch Blain Carbuncle or spots come forth For if the outward signes appear upon his sweatings or that he be chearful and that no outward markes do appear in either of these two cases there is great hope of his well-doing Wherefore I wish as if often rehearsed that all men begin betimes Râ—midies not to be delayed to use Remedies whilest strength of Nature is ready at hand For those which do take a good Cordial that causeth sweat at the very first seldome have any outward Sores or markes at all and if they have they are light small and easily healed and when you find the danger of the person past or venome of the sicknesse is spent and the party chearful then and not before may you having good advice purge but I hold it safer to forbear Laxatives even then also A note of the danger of purging For you must note that if you purge if there be any venomoús quality in the body at all left as is said you draw it to the centre of the body namely to the heart and so double the danger and for the rest of the cure no man can prescribe what in each body shall be fitting by any one general rule for that one person is seldome taken as another in that fearful disease Onely take this one thing for a rule of comfort in general that this disease commonly is swift and is short and doth begin and end in a moneth commonly at the utmost for it is termed but the disease of one Moon if the party be likely to live and the danger of death for the time over no Apostumes Boyles or Sores whatsoever do heal Of the sudden care of the Plague faster nor sooner then those of that disease of the Plague do when the fury of the Feaver is once past For the disease is a Feaver like to a furious storm short and terrible but the fury once over it is the calmest of all contagious diseases whatsoever and the easiest to be healed far better then the French Pox. And moreover note one thing elsewhere mentioned in all cordial Medicines and Julips there is not a safer nor better thing to resist the putrefaction and venom to comfort the head and the stomach and Of the good use and danger of Oyl of Vitriol to quench thirst then is Oyl of Vitriol so you use it warily but you must be very wary that to one draught of Drink or Julip you put not above four or rather but three drops and using it but a very little at a time you may use it the oftner and the safer otherwise there is some danger therein The choyce of it You shall know the goodnesse of this Oyl by the clearnesse thereof and by the weight thereof for if it be as clear as Rock-water and ponderous almost as Lead then is it very good By my will I would never give any Purge nor any Cordial without it if I could have it for I have found it by much practice to be very precious Also if you do take the quantity of one ounce of conserve of Roses and about eight small or single drops of Oyl of Vitriol and mix them exceeding well and give the Patient a little thereof to eat or at the least to keep in his mouth now and then in the time of his sicknesse it is exceeding cooling and comfortable for him and quencheth thirst singular well The vertue of Salt of Wormwood And you shall find much the more profit in it if you adde Salt of Wormwood thereto as is said elsewhere either one Scruple or half a Drachme for a Dose according to the strength of the sick and vehemency The Dose of the disease for it mightily encreaseth the force of the other Medicine in provoking of sweat and refresheth the spirits Sal-Niter is also good if the disease proceed of a not cause a like Dose given Things to be observed by the attenders of the sick And note further one observation generally to be had in mind by the attenders of the sick that they give the Patients leave ever freely to put their arms out of the bed both night and day except in the times of sweating and to that end be careful to provide them Wastcoats Sleeves or at the least the legs of old Hose or any mean thing to the poorer sort to keep their arms warm For my self know by experience of my own body when I had the Plague and so since of many others that have been under my cure how comfortable a freedom it is for a sick man to have leave to spread and cast out his arms and how uncomfortable a thraldome and imprisonment it is for a poor weak man by his Keeper to be forced to keep his arms in the bed or in any one certain position Wherefore the attenders of the sick ought to have judgment and commiseration I mean a fellow-feeling of the infirmities of the sick and chiefly in this most fierce disease of the Plague Note also that in Summer when the Sicknesse beginneth hot or burning in the Drinks that you give your Patients whether Antidotes or Cordials that you ever use Wine Vineger a spoonful or two where you do not use Oyl of Vitriol but if you have oyl of Vitriol it far exceedeth Vineger as is often said Also note especially in the house where a Child is infected that great care be had to keep the Children from him for there is a farre greater sympathetical danger betwixt Children then betwixt Men and Women which daily experience sheweth Note also that for Infants and tender Women Andromach or Venice Treacle is a good Medicine as it is made by the view and order of the Colledge of Physicians of London and in want of it which my self would as soon take good London Treacle if it be also truly made according to the prescription and by the view of the said Reverend Doctours of the Colledge of London I hold it a most fit Medicine The Dose of Theriac Andromach to a child and the rather for that it is of taste easie to be taken in but the quantity at a time to be taken of it must be as is said to the strongest may safely be given Ê’ ij which is about the weight of eighteen pence in money at a time and to a Child about 3 pence or 6 pence or 9
I observe by their method that they were rather narrators one from anothe then truly actors but be it as it will this one comfort the Surgeon shall be Comfort to the patient in ubscissing in the mortified part sure to find thereby he shall no way endanger his patient in that course either by losse of blood or spirits nor shall the Patient endure any pain at all in the act of amputation after that way and the practice is good and warrantable in divers yea in most cases as hereafter I shall explain and as my self of many yeares experience may boldly affirm and it is likewise beneficial for the Common-wealth and for a true instance of the truth thereof I have many of my Patients so dismembred at the writing hereof living and in perfect health I mean which were dismembred in the putrid part and that upon some Patients on both the legges at one instant performed amongst which tryals I made of one legge was in Anno Domini 1617. Secondly I had one Thomas Brown about Anno 1619. a Sayler who had received a great wound by Gun-shot at Sea upon the right legge the greater Fossels A bislory for an example thereof being broken in sunder so that the shot had carried away two inches of the said bone in length together with the lacerating the muscles nerves Artcries Veines c. whereby it was so contused lacerated and torn asunder with also so much losse of substance that nature could not bear to heat that member to be any way serviceable for ought besides there had followed upon the wound so great and intolerable hemorrage or expence of blood and spirits that the member mort fied by reason of the former great evacuations and contusions neither could nature in that Patient possibly have born a dismembring Losse of blood causeth Gangrena in a whole part without eminent danger of present death and so was the estate and case of this Patient before he came by me to be cured in Saint Bartholomews Hospital wherefore considering well his most desperate estate I resolved to make a second experience of him and did take off the wounded legge in the lacerated dead part wherein I conceive as afore-said all men of judgment will easily be of opinion that the Patient by that work was without danger of death or pain and without losse of any drop of blood and I healed this patient by Gods mercy in five moneths and he had been by the half sooner whole had not he lost so exceeding much blood and spirits by his wounds as afore-said and this Patient was living at the writing hereof being many yeares after the amputation the method of which cure with the manner of amputating thereof shall God assisting me hereafter be set down Another example The next I took off in the mortified place was one Thomas Hog a shippe-Carpenter a Scotchman who also was living at the writing hereof this man at his labour aboard the shippe standing stoutly at his work at the straining of a Cable as it was running out of the bits of the ship as the Sea-men terme it the Cable tooke hold of his legge close by the ankle and forceably bruised in peices not onely the veines arteries and nerves with the softer parts but brake also the bones in sunder with extream violence insomuch as by reason of the want of a Surgeon present to dresse him by great effusion of blood and spirits the legge mortified the next day and he after that fell unto my part in the Hospital to be cured the which being emboldened by the good successe of the two former I took off his legge also in the mortified part as I did the other and made a perfect cure thereof in three moneths and he followed the trade of a ship-Carpenter at the writing hereof Another example Also two yeares after I cured an Apprentice of one Master Goddard an Upholster at the sign of the Crown in the Poultry in London named John Harding in his Masters house who after a fierce pestilential Feavour had his right legge mortified in bed as he lay and I took it off in the mortified part at or near the gartering place which by the ancient use of Art of our times must have been taken off in a sound place notwithstanding the great feeblenesse of the Patient at that time and his eminent danger of death he being extream feeble and at the point of death in which case to have taken it off in the sound part he doubtlesse would have dyed under my hand but by Gods mercy he lived divers yeares after and went most neatly on an Artificial legge not easily discovered Another history Remarkable A history or a relation of a remarkable example of an amputation by me performed upon a woman in Saint Bartholomews Hospital of both her legges and part of seven of her fingers in one morning together all taken off in the mortified part without pain The amputation of both the legs and part of seven fingers of a woman in one morning or losse of blood or spirits at all and the woman was living at the writing hereof and the Patient was a certain poor maid or woman servant in London named Ellin French of whom there were made Bookes and Ballads that were sung about the streets of her namely that whereas the said maid or servant was given to pilfering and being accused thereof by her Mâ—ster and Mistresse used to curse and swear and with words of execration to wish that if she had committed the crime she stood accused of that then her legges and hands might rot off the which thing accordingly no doubt by the providence of God came to passe as a judgement upon her namely that both her legges almost to the gartering place with parts of seven of her fingers did rot off the which wretched woman neverthelesse being referred to me in Saint Bartholomews Hospital to be cured by Gods mercy and permission I healed her perfectly by cutting off both the Sphacelated legges in the mortified parts with also part of her seven fingers as is said all in one morning without pain terrour or of any losse of blood unto her in the taking them off and made her perfectly whole in a very short time namely within three moneths so merciful is our God unto us vile creatures when we are most unworthy of such his mercies she is at the instant writing hereof also living Now with your friendly patience onely one example more I will trouble you with namely of the cure of a mortification proceeding of a Carbuncle in a Feavour Pestilential by me performed and I A hisâ—â—ry will therein conclude my shewing of instances although I could declare many more of living persons and I will haste to shew forth the manner of my acting of such amputations The work was of a certain Stationer then dwelling in Pauls Church-yard whose name I conceal for that at the writing hereof
Also amputation may be done safely in all such mortifications as proceed by contusions as also in all mortified members proce ding by wounds made with Gun-shot where a mortified place is circular or more then seem circular and that with comfort and good hope of the saving of life to the languishing Patient as by any other way And as touching the poor Souldier and Seaman after that he hath suffered terrible and unspakeable pain as also great losse of blood and spirits by his wounds it were then pity of all pities if any other remedy could be had or thought of to wound him a new in the whole part and thereby to endanger him yea and ten to one to kill him by Art namely by artificial amputation to deprive him of that national relict poor blood and feeble spirits yet reserved within him meerly to hold life and soul together whereof by consequent the said small portion of relict blood and spirits being taken away he must needs perish yea even as may be feared in the very act of amputation the contrary being a wonder Quasi unum è multis Amputation in mortified places by hemorrge sâ—fâ— Also amputation in the mortified parts may be done in mortifications that proceed by hemorrage in any wounds whatsoever that can be named if the patient be otherwise curable by any art of amputation he is then safer and more easier cured by this way Also in all mortifications that proceed by over-hard ligatures or by the violence of scaldings and burnings or by the extremity of corrosive medicines immoderately or unskilfully applyed Also in all mortified limbs by Dropsies Scorbutes the small Pox In places mortified by Dropsie or other diseases c. or like obstructions that can be said to be curable by amputating in the whole part and that with as much and more hope and farre more facility and ease to Surgeon and patient that work may be performed in a mortified place if there be a fit mortified place to do the work in Also mortifications happening by fractures or dislocations of legges or armes fingers or toes as also in all cases happening and proceeding by starving namely for want of food weaknesse and debility of nature either of children or of old folks the patient having no present Feavour at the time of the dismembring neither being in a Delirium besides many other mortifications for btevity omitted It followeth fitly also here that I set forth in what cases abscission Abscission in some cases not to be used cannot be well effected in the sphacelated or dead part wherein I do but open again to posterity in the parctick what the ancient Authors have declared in the theorick in general tearmes of amputation in the mortified part assuring the Artist that whensoever there is a circulat mortification with any hope of life in the Patient it may receive cure by this old new renovated practice of A renovated old practice â—n amputation mine even as well and better in the mortified part then in the living And although generally this knowledge and practice serveth well in times of peace yet it serveth most fitly in times of warre yea and at all times for such Surgeons as are imployed in military affaires by Sea or Land that they might take notice thereof and also inable themselves to make use of this manner of practice where occasion is offered for the comfort and more hopeful preserving the lives of the valiant Souldiers and brave hardy Sea-men as I have said who for the honour and defence of our King and Countrey very often are put to encounter with their and our enemies to their no small perils and grievous sufferings by fearful wounds made with Gun-shot and other fierce engines of warre and by the accidental harmes succouring them whereby they suffer great effusion of blood and spirits by their wounds so that thereby together with the want of good lodging and comfortable nourishment which to such good fellowes is for the most part but very mean and scant especially in ships and Camps their wounds after their most pittiful endurings and languishings as aforesaid commonly end in a Gangrena which granted all men may easily then judge how heavenly a thing and above all measure comfortable it is to the despairing patient if his life may be preserved and prolonged and he safely healed without the losse of any blood or spirits at all or any pain in the act of amputation and here as by the way I desire to put to the Chirurgicaâ— Readers a case or two to be considered of concerning the curing of wounds made with Gun-shot A supposition and namely I will suppose or suggest a valiant well-deserving Souldier for the honour of his King and Countrey pressing forward in fight should receive a wound by a shot upon his legge having broken both the fossils and so contused and lacerated the parts adjacent as in any other place was suggested that it was manifest to the Surgeon that the legge for the surer saving of the Patients life were not convenient to be left on but rather to be taken off according The supposition answered to Art the aforesaid suggestion admitted what were to be done the Surgeon I suppose might fairly answer as followeth although the bones be broken the Muscles with their Nerves Veines Ateries c. lacerated contused and the like yet I will endeavour to reduce all what is fittâ—ng to be reduced to their due and natural places formes and true posture or as much as may be and I will speedily haste to stay the flux the which done I will for the present and so for twenty foure houres at the least repose it to rest except a furtive flux convulsion or the like fearful accident constrain me to look upon it sooner and though the work be desperate yet I will not dismember it at the first but try further except any eminent occasion as namely mortification urge and beget new thoughts and then I will take it off in the sound part and Art warrants me so to do left any of the Gangrenated part being left untaken away as the common opinion is it should infect the whole and so I should lose my Patient and be blamed as for Malapraxis unwarrantable The second might alledge that the A second supposition answered former supposition granted namely that if the wounded member would be a burthen I therefore before the abiding of the time either of digestion or putrefaction of the aforesaid wounded parts would whilest my Patient were yet in strength for preventing Feavers furtive fluxes and other fearful accidents incident to such great wounds as Gangrene since I see the member is like though saved in part yet will be unserviceable and an eye-sore and burthen I will immediately take it off in the wounded and lacerated part before that woful Crisis of Gangrene seize upon my patient which commonly is accompanied with a Feavour and expence of vital spirits and
even Sol or gold it self to make it potable and after all the aforesaid strong spirits be drawn forth that will be forced out by the strength of the fire withdraw or decline the fire and all being cold gather your first liquor by it self then the spirit or rather the Oleum salis into a second glasse by it self the which is a most excellent medicine and in the bottom of the earthen Instrument you shall finde the true salt of salt though but light in substance and small in quantitie which having each part then if you please to make use of these medicines each per se not joyned for so it is the better for that each of these particulars have different vertues in the Art of healing as experience will teach And amongst the rest the spirit of Salt will dissolve Gold to make it potable it is also singular in Fevers for the quenching of thirst and refreshing the spirits and for the curing of many other diseases A PREFACE TO THE TREATISE OF THE CHARACTERS AND TEARMS OF ART FOLLOWING COurteous Reader considering with my self that young men in long Voyages are full of leisure I thought it not lost labour to adde these Treatises to the former for that they not onely contain profitable instructions for youth but by their novelty and varieties do partly refresh the minde of those Readers as delight themselves in that part of Practise It was part of my gleanings in the time of eight years travel by Land in forreign Regions If the matter and form thereof be not worth the acceptance yet I pray thee accept the good will of the Giver I. W. CHARACTERS AND THEIR INTERPRETATIONS And first of the seven Planets SaÌ„turnus Plumbum ♄ ♄ Lead Cold desiccative sweet discussing mollificative anodine sanative laxative mundificative and yet full of deadly vapors Jupiter Stannum ♃ ♃ Tin Diaphoretick laxative desiccative sanative c. Mars Ferrum ♂ Iron or Steel The greatest shedder of blood a sure medicine for fluxes of blood and a great opener of obstructions Sol. Aurum ☉ Gold A great and sure Cordial for it comforteth the heavy hearted and is reputed the best medicine Venus Cuperum ♀ ♀ Copper Maketh sundry needful medicines for mans health Physical and Chirurgical viz Oleum spiritus terra cum multis aliis Mercurius ☿ Quicksilver Is hot cold a friend a foe healing killing expelling attracting corroding quid non Luna Argentum ☾ ☽ Silver A medicine never too often taken a good restorative a comfortable and an anodine medicine c. Other Characters Alphabetically Acetum Vinegar of Beer Good against inflammation discussive defensative comfortable anodine c. Acetum Vini Wine Vineger A discusser a cooler a heater a piercer anodine a consumer a caustick and a vesicatory medicine c. Acetum Distillatum Distil'd Vineger Is a vehicle that openeth mineral bodies and extracteth tinctures c. Aer 🜠AR One of the 4 Elements Without the which no creature subsisteth Alumen â—‹ â—‹ Allum Crude Desiccative astringent corrosive mundificative sanative refrigerative c. Alumen Combustum Allum Burnt An easie and a good corrosive medicine which also induceth a good cicatrix Alumen Plumosum Allum Plume A secret in restoring a withered member by a certain hidden specifical vertue it hath Albumen Ovorum Whites of egges Cold defensative mollificative healing and good in restraining fluxes c. Amalgama ÄÄÄ Â A putting things together or a term of Art for putting together viz fiat Almagama but more particularly it is meant of Mercury with any other metal Antimonium {antimony} Antimony Vomitive laxative sanative diaphoretick diauretick anodine caustick and full of deadly vapours if it be not prevented yet exceeding precious in healing being discrectly used Antimonii Vitrum Glasse of Antimony or Stibium A forbidden medicine and yet in common used and praise-worthy if not abused Antimonii Regulus Antimony Precipitate This is but half a medicine which afterward is used to be converted to Flores Tincture or some other good medicine Annus One year From March the 25. till the return of the same Aqua 🜄 â™’ Water One of the four elements of quality coldd and moist Aqua Fortis Strong Water Made by Vulcans Art of Coppperas Allome and Saltpeeter and diversly other waies Aqua Regis A water to divide Gold This is made as the former adding common salt or rather Sal Armoniacke Aqua Vitae Aquavitae of Wine Aquavitae distilled out of Wine is of excellent use for healing and the chief cordial in cheering the heart of man Arsenicum Arsuick In taste not unpleasing in trial deadly yet a good outward healer many waies Auripigmentum Orpiment In taste deadly yet used of some inwardly for the cough by fume with amber mixt and outwardly used in many medicines profitable Autumnus Harvest Or as it were an entrance to the Winter quarter Auriculum A chalk that contains gold Also gold calcined into powder being an entrance to Aurum Potabile Aurum Potabile Potable Gold A Principal cordial medicine but very often adulterated which being true is precious Aestas Sommer This character is sometimes used for Sommer and sometimes for heat Aes Brasse This is but Copper mixed with Lapis Calaminaris and prepared by Vulcans Art Balneum Mariae MB BM Balnea Mariae Is an Artificiall distilling by a glasse Still set into a furnace in a Kettle of water by the boyling of which the subject contained in the glasse is distilled Bolus Armenus Fine bole Is cordial desiccative restringent sanative refrigerative c. Borus Communis Common Bole. Imitating the former but farre weaker Borax Venetiae Borax This is a great opener of obstructions of young women and is excellent to lute glasses and as a second hand to goldsmiths Calidus Or rather Wâ—rm Neither hot nor cold Calx Lime Is abstersive desiccative caustick sanative Calx Ovorum Lime of Eggesbâ—ls Is sometime used in strong restrictives c. Calx Vive Vnstaked Lime Chiefly used in Causticke medicines Chalybs Steele The most valiant sonne of Mars it openeth obstructions and stayeth the fluxes c. Calor Heat This Character serveth not only for fire but also for great heate Calcinare To Calcine Sometimes to burne to powder and sometimes to prepare by fire to a certain height and colour Cementare To Cement Is by a mixture corrosive to adde to any metal pure as Gold or silver a higher tincture and also to purifie the same yet further Cerussa Venetiae Venice Ceruce One of the off-spring of Saturn sanative cooling anodine desiccative c. Cera Waxe A blessed medicine outwards inwards of a temper neither exceedingly too hot nor too cold mollificative sanative c. Cinnabrium Cinnabar Found naturall and also compounded of Sulphur and Quicksilver and used in Fumes it spoyleth many and healeth by chance some one in killing ten Cineres Ligni Ashes of Wood. Hereof are prepared many different medicines of value in Physick and Chirurgery amongst which the caustick stone the ordinary