Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	abate_v	salt_n	vitriol_n	33	3	10.9089	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

the Sun yet here fishes and other Creatures feed and plants grow and consequently that cannot be a chief ingredient in nutrition which may be wanting There is something else in Mr He●shaw that lookes like an Argument by the introduction FOR. For all abound with such a volatile Salt fixed and Oil as Petre doth I cannot tell how to forme this Argument and yet convince the world that I do not injure him this passage is so extreamly ridiculous Yet I will endeavour it if it be but to shew the Logick of Ant ' Aristotelians and how much we owe to that providence which hath educated us better than to argue so The proposition he aimes at and would prove is That the Salt which is in vegetables and Animals is but the Nitre which is universally diffused through the Elements The medium or Argument by which he would prove it is is is harder to be found out than the meaning of Aristotle in his Acromaticks Let us consider it again That which I aim at then is That if the Spirit of the volatile Salt of Soot or of the Urin blood hornes hoofes haire excrements or indeed any part of Animals for all abound with such a volatile Salt fixed and Oile as Petre doth could by the same way viz as the redintegrated Nitre be reduced to Petre or some Nitrous Salt it would Excellently make out a Theory that I am much delighted with till I am convinced in it which is that the Salt which is found in vegetables and Animals is but the Nitre which is so universally diffused through all the El●ments and must therefore make a chief ingredient in their nutrition and by consequence of their generation a little altered from its first complexion Here is the Spirit of the volatile Salt of the parts of vegetables and Animals to be coagulated and transformed into Petre by the Spirit of Nitre Here is a volatile Salt fixed and Oile such as is in Petre mentioned to what purpose Here is a Salt spoken of to be found in Vegetables and Animals yet 't is not expressed whether it be the volatile or fixed Salt yet these two are different and those that abound with volatile Salt are more the Physick than the food of man Well I have spent half an hour to frame a Sorites or any tolerable Argument out of these words but I cannot do it but I will adventure to give our Philosophers this advise that they would take our English word FOR into their serious consideration and abolish the use of it as the French Academy at Paris did Car. Before I have done with this History I shall shew that this Intimation was but necessary for them To proceed How doth it appear that Salt-Petre abounds with a volatile Salt fixed and Oile In the regenerated Nitre which Glauber makes to be the best there is nothing but Alcali and the Spirit of Nitre in the Nitre which is generated by the mixture of the Spirit of Urin and Spirit of Nitre there is no such thing In the distillation of Nitre there is nothing but Spirit inseperate from Phlegme and its Alcali and as there is no Oile there so I hope he would not have us take the Alcali for a volatile Salt fixed In the making of Salt-Petre there is found indeed something that seems Oily and greasy but that is Excrementitious and so farr from being a constitutive part of it that it must be Separated from it as Mr. Henshaw knowes before Salt-Petre can be made and the great contrivance is how to separate it So Glauber in Prosper German part 3. pag. 43. alias enim pinguedinem nimiam contrahit lixivium nec ullum Salgenerabitur From the mention of this Oile I must take an occasion to tell the world how superficially our Virtuoso writes the History of Nitre I could suggest many curiosities from the severall liquors in the making of Salt-Petre But I have not time to discourse of the Mothers of Petre not how that grease being lodged in the ashes those ashes being exposed to the Sun at Warwick did in one or two daies produce visible Nitre on the top of the ashes so that in few daies those ashes become fit to be Elixiviated into raw liquors which were before but to make a Lixivium to purge the liquors that had boiled I shall only touch at an Experiment which may not be unwelcome to the Honourable Mr. Boyle I took of the Mothers that had stood long and were exceeding Oily I powred four spoonfulls of them into a large Venice-glass half full of water This greasy liquor sunke to the bottom instantly without altering the tast or colour of the water at all so that the top was clear water the bottom of a reddish colour as bilious Urin only on the surface of the water and in the middle there did flote several very small bubbles of the colour of water having let this stand a day I took a Solution of the Alcali of Salt-Petre which though of a greenish blew yeilded a lympid liquor upon filtration and poured two or three spoonfulls into the mixture of Mothers and water immediately the whole liquor turn'd Lacteous or White but the colour presently contracted it self into a white en●orema or suspensum such as is to be seen in healthfull Urin and so floted above the surface of the Mothers the next morning I found as it were a powder fallen to the bottom which I stirred up to the top whereupon the whole liquor up to the top of the water was turbid I let it stand all night and this morning the whole liquor from top to bottom is of one colour and that exactly of a Limon-colour or like old Hoccomar-wine on the top there seems to float thin coagulations of fat with some variety of colours such as one may often see on small waters that stand in Moorish grounds the liquor is nothing ●igh so acrimonious and purigent as the Mothers were and all of it is as greasy as the Mothers were when Separate hanging on the finger as Oile and not like water at all at the bottom of the Glass there lies a Yellow-sediment as 't were powder which upon agitation will not rise of it self but must be stirred up with something and then resembles the white Hypostasis of Urin with capillary filaments enterveaving each other And How doth it appear that Urin doth abound with a volatile Salt fixed and Oile I do not understand what he meanes by his volatile Salt fixed by what is it fixed to what degree volatile Salts are sometimes so fixed as only to abate not alter the volatility as the volatile Salt of vipers in Zwelfer and the volatile Salt of Harts-horn of which I keep some with rectified Spirit of Salt Sometimes they are so fixed as to loose the nature of Salt and to become insipid and indissoluble as when volatile Salts are mixed with Lime-water There are a sort of Salts which Zwelfer calls Salia Essentialia

observation in a young Lady which I had too fatal an opportunity lately to make she died of a very malignant Feaver joyned with the Measils two nights before she died I watched with her and frequently observing the variety of her pulse I determined to minde whether there were any such alteration in the beating of the Heart as I then observed in her Arteries I laid my hand upon her Breast and I found that her heart did not beat as usually it doth the bone erecting it self and impelling the left side but it seemed like a great bullet transcending any proportion that is natural to the Heart a● it rolled in the Thorax from the right to the left side as much one way as the other with an uniform and equable revolution and thus it continued to do for an houre during which time I observed all the varieties almost that are recorded about evil pulses as quick slow great small unequal deficient dicr●tus c. Nor is this new for Riolanus saith in Exam. Harvey c. 3. Notavi multoties in palpitationibus cordis vehementibus arterias non sequi motum Cordis sed bis terve pulsare Cor pro una diastole Arteriarum quod indicat Arterias in sanis aegris corporibus non semper sequi motus cordis So doth Mercatus teach Fit interdum palpitatio cordis nihil mutatis pulsibus Tom. 2. de Philos. differ l. 2. tr 1. c. 28. tom 3. l. 2. c●●j Since the writing hereof being casually in the shop where an old man was blooded who upon the healing up of an old sore in his leg was very ill I observed his blood to have very little of what was c●im●●n in it but it seemed all a fluid Serum to the bottom which was pellucid not of a turbid white in some Pottingers in one Potting●r ● that ran last it was coagulated into a thicker mass on the top whereof was coagulated a translucid gelati●● over most of the Pott●●ger the rest being of ● 〈◊〉 Serum like to the other ● took some spirit of Vitri●k and poured a pretty quantity ●iz about 20 drops on that which was partly coagulated upwards partly not and all that part which was not blood did coagulate into a mass like unto the white of an Egge when hardened by the fire but without that sm●ll which is usual to it when coagulated u●on a gen●l●●i●e the blood under it coagulated into a co●●●ence much l●ke wa● but of a dark red inclining to bla●k into another Pottinger I poured some of the salt-peter-liquor that had passed the As●es but this latter caused no change at all I then poured on the same some spirit of Vitriol as in the other and it did immediately turn lacteous and coagulated into a mass like to that of ordinary custards and the blood under which seemed but very little and scarce coagula●ed appeared thereupon as a large quantity equalling three parts of the Pottinger upon which all the Serum was thus coagulated I went to b●●n these that blood which had only spirit of Vitriol did not crackle and scarce burn though a little it did the pure coagulated Serum did not burn at all yet crackled like decrepitating Salt a little that with the spirit of Vitriol and Lixivium of Ni●re did burn with a vivid and lasting flame a long time I think my self obliged to adde one thing more where I speak as if Dr. Willis had had little to do in the discoveries of Dr. Lower about Anatomy that although that great Physician had not leisure of attend the Anatomical Inquiries yet did he propose new matter for improving the discoveries and put Dr. Lower upon continual investigation thereby to see if Nature and his Suppositions did accord and although that many things ●id occur beyond his apprehension yet was the grand occasion of that work and in much the Author This Intelligence doth not cross what I related before from good testimony yet I thought my self obliged to declare the whole truth and such I beleeve this to be I must also profess that I think the Sinus venarum vertebrales whose invention I ascribe to Dr. Lower may without considerable injury be ascribed unto Fallopius in his Anatomical Observations pag. 193. edit Coloniens 1562. in 80. Thus much I thought fitting to annex lest the Virtuosi should censure me as partial to my old School-fellow Dr. Lower or swayed by any regard then that of Truth The Hogs-blood which I last mentioned as poured upon the Mothers of Salt-peter after it had stood above three weeks unmixed did at last cast down about half of it self below the Mothers it continuing in that place it turned crimson that on the top did not change its colour but on the surface there gathered a crust or mass not very thick as before nor of so solid a coasistence FINIS To divert my Reader after so tedious a discourse I shall here adde the Letter of Coga their Patient that they may see how efficacious the Transfu●ion hath been on him and what returnes he makes for his Cure To the Royal Society the VIRTUOSI and all the Honourable Members of it the Humble Address of AGNUS COGA. YOur Creature for he was his own man till your Experiment transform'd him into another species amongst those many alterations he finds in his condition which he thinks himself oblig'd to represent them finds a decay in his purse as well as his body and to recruit his spirits is forc't to forfeit his nerves for so is money as well in peace as warre 'T is very miserable that the want of natural heat should rob him of his artificial too But such is his case to repair his own ruines yours because made by you he pawns his cloaths and dearly purchases your sheeps blood with the loss of his own wooll In this sheepwrack't vessel of his like that of Argos he addresses himself to you for the Golden Fleece For he thinks it requisite to your Honours as perfect Metaplasts to transform him without as well as within If you oblige him in this he hath more blood still at your service provided it may be his own that is may be the nobler sacrifice The meanest of your Flock AGNUS COGA. ERRATA PAge 2 Line ●1 blo● out after Euclid p. ● l. 13 read vetustissima● p. 4. 35 r. e●actisque p. ● blot out the Margi●a● note p. 9 l. 14 r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ibid l. 13 r diaceltat●st●n ib. l. 34 r. Methinks I already live in th●se ●imes when the Virtuosi are as absurd as that R●mish Monk p. 13 l. 17 ●cryptical p. 14 l. 22 r. Odorde p. ●●●22 r. ●agdad Fez and Cordova p. 17 l. 15 r ind●m●nstrable ibid. l. 31 r. rigorous p. 2● l. 34 r. Savonarola ●● 2 l. penult r be very defective p. 23● l. 3 r● Anian p. 28 in the Margin r. Spharice cavum ib. l. 29 r. none p. 29 ●19 r. and thereupon c. in the Marg. citation ou● of Zucchius

been the more confirmed in this fancy since I have often seen a friend of mine with a natural and facile 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 convert the greater part of Petre into a Salt so like the volatile Salt of Urine that they are scarcely to be distinguisht in smell or tast and yet he adds nothing to it that can possibly be suspected to participate of that nature But indeed all volatile Salts are so alike that it is not easy to distinguish them in any respect I have been carefull not to dismember this last Paragraph that the Reader might with one view survey this strange fancy and Judge better how little I impose upon him in the sequell of my discourse And first I ask our Orator how he applies this Speculation to what he promised us in the introduction to it How does this improve the Art of making Salt-Petre If an ill Memory and a proportionate mixture of something else be demonstrations of a great Witt no man hath given greater testimonies of his abilities than Mr. Henshaw Secondly I demand why He is so Solicitous to transform the Spirit of the volatile Salt of Soot or Urine c into Petre whereas any man that considered what he went about would employ his care rather to coagulate the volatile Salt with which the Spirit of Soot and Urine abounds with Spirit of Nitre Aqua-fortis or the like into Petre or some such Nitrous Salt But behold the Happiness of Mr. Henshawe's Fansy and the unhappiness of his judgment That which he Fansied possible about the coagulation of the volatile Salt abounding in Spirit of Urine with Spirit of Nitre into a kind of Petre this Experiment hath happily succeeded under the tryall of the Honourable and inquisitive Mr. Boyle but yet that Theory which he goes about to deduce thence is as farr from being established thereby as the Artifice of Salt Petre-making is from being thereby advanced From Spirit of Urine saith M● R. B. and Spirit of Nitre● when I have suffered them to remain long together before coagulation and freed the mixture from the Superfluous moisture very slowly I have sometimes obtained fine long Crystalls so shaped that most beholders took them for Crystalls of Salt-Petre But whosoever shal consider how much more trouble and cost there is in distilling those other volatile Spirits than there is in the drawing of the Spirit of Nitre and how small quantities are like to be made this way and those perhaps not serviceable in Gun-powder will easily see that this project is as inutile as the former was in order to the improvement of the making Salt-Petre Oh! But it will excellently make out a Theory that the Salt which is found in vegetables and Animals is but the Nitre which is so universally diffused through all the Elements a little altered from its first complexion I remember that Sc●liger taking occasion to complain of Cardan for some illogicall inferences useth these words Dij benefecerunt quód te faeminam non fecerunt Ad primam quamque speciem promissorum exiluisses I must apply this Sarcasme to Mr. Henshaw who could be deluded by such weak appearances of reason Let us but shape an Hypotheticall Syllogisme for him and consider the consequence If the Spirit of Nitre being poured upon the Spirit of the Volatile Salt of Urine Soot c. doth reduce the Volatile Salt to Petre or some Nitrous Salt not much differing from it then doth it follow that the Salt which is found in Vegetables and Animalls is but the Nitre which is so Universally diffused through all Elements and must therefore make a chiefe ingredient in their nutrition and generation a little altered from its first complexion But the Antecedent is true Ergo In the first place it is evident by the Experiment of Mr. Boyle that even Sea-Salt by the affusion of Spirit of Nitre may be turned into Petre. Nay Glauber teacheth us how Allom Vitriol Miner●lls and Stones may be with more or less trouble converted into Nitre why did not he extend his consideration about the Nitre in all the Elements to them Is it because that they abound not in Oile and volatile Salt upon which he so wisely builds his Argument Secondly since it is made evident by Glauber in many places of his works that the Spirit of Nitre is as it were the Seed of Nitre by which it propagates it self and assumes a body as plants do where it finds one agreeable and such are not only nay not principally which he should have noted the votatile but fixed Salts of any Creature Aqua fortis aut Spiritus Nitri est quasi Semen Salis-Petrae atque hanc naturam habet quando alijs Salibus sicut semen aliquod vegetabile terrae mandatur ut ex ipsis augmentum capiendo multiplicetur quemadmodum herbarum semina faciunt This Seminall principle in Nitre seemes to have the approbation of Mr. Boyle and if it be thus as undoubtedly it is and that those Salts whither volatile or fixed are but the materiall principle I do not see any more validity in the consequence than if I should say because sundry plants grow in the Earth or Water therefore the Earth or Water were but those plants a little disguised in their complexion In fine it is so farr from following hereupon that Salt-Petre disguised is the Chief ingredient of the nutrition and geration of Animals that it doth not follow that it is any ingredient at all but that there is something in those substances mentioned that may be converted into Petre and is as an Aristotelian would say disposed fitly to be the Subject matter of that Forme For as this Argument is shaped what I say is as manifest as that the constitutive parts of the Nitre are to be the volatile Salt the Spirit of Nitre The one thing indifferent to sundry combinations and transmutations and which hath nothing of the nature of Salt-Petre but is palpably transmuted since in the distillation of good Nitre there appears no such thing as volatile Salt The other it is that Specificates the predisposed matter and generates P●●re out of it so much altering the complexion that the affinity betwixt that volatile Salt and Salt-Petre is no more than betwixt a man and a pumpion He talks of the complexion of the Nitre being a little altered but I would faine know how little that is Let me see the like Crystalls a resembling flame and other effects that result from the being and Specification of Salt-Petre If Salt-petre be a chief ingredient in the generation and nutrition of vegetables T is either because of its bulke or Efficacy that it is chief but neither of these is true For the quantity is not so great in vegetables or Animalls should we allow the volatile Salt and Nitre to be all one Not for Efficacy because it is not made out that there is Nitre in the Sea in clay-grounds or Springs or in Countries remote from

cunctatio longa est A sober Physician will look upon the act to be as indiscreet as the Comedian describes love to be Quaeres in se neque consilium neque modum habet ullum eam consilio regere non potes That there is no probability that this way of Medicine can ever amount to any thing appears from this consideration that Liquors immediately injected into the blood have a different Operation there then when taken in by the Stomach and that the mixtures of Liquors with blood upon Phlebotomy in a Pottinger gives no light to the Experiment As I shall now shew Seignior Fracassati Professor of Anatomy at Pisa tried these Experiments by injecting Medicaments 1. Having injected into the jugular and crural veins of a Dog some Aqua fortis diluted the Animal died presently and being opened all the blood in the vessels was coagulated and fixed but that which was in the Viscera which I dare not English Guts but take it to denote the Heart Liver Lungs Spleen where the blood passes extravasated through though the Transactions render it Guts and destroy the antithesis betwixt vasa and viscera did not so easily coagulate It was also observed that the great vessels were burst or as it were cut asunder yet have I known who hath put Aqua fortis into cooling Iuleps in Fevers as others do spirit of Vitriol without ●ny harm 2. There was also infused into another Dog some spirit of Vitriol which had not so present an effect for the Animal complained a great while and foamed like Epilepticks and had its respiration very thick and observing the beating of his breast one might easily judge the Dog suffered much who dying at last his blood was found fixed in the veins and grumous resembling Soot whereas in the Experiment with Aqua fortis which may as easily be given inwardly as spirit of Nitre the blood is not said to have been changed in its colour from other coagulated blood It was also observabl● tho●gh the Transactions minde it not that the blood in this last Dog was not upon coagulation continuous in the veins but broken and severed into parcels 3. There was also injected into the jugular of another dog some oyle of Sulphu● per campanam but he died not of it though this inf●sion was several times tried on him And the wound being closed and the dog l●t go he went into all the corners of the room searching for meat and having found some bones he fell to gnawing them with a strange avidity as if this Liquor had caused in him a great appetite 4. Another dog into whose veins some Oyle of Tartar per deliquium was injected did not escape so well for he complained much and was altogether swoln and then died ●eing o●ened the Spectators were surprised to finde his blood not curdled but on the contrary more thin and florid then ordinary 5. Dr. Lower having extracted half a pound of blood out of the crural urine of a Mastiff dog did inject the like quantity of warm milk into him within half an hour the dog became very sick breathed with difficulty and seemed to labour much with his heart and diaphragme and after to palpitate tremble and sigh grievously and at length miserably died Upon dissection he found the vena cava the ventricles of the heart the vessels of the Lungs and the Aorta full of blood and milk coagulated together and the concretion was so hard that it was not easie to part it This he tried but once But Monsieur Dennys the French Physician saith he tried it with a different success For having syringed about a quarter of a pint of milk into the veins of an Animal he tells not what and having opened the same some time after he found the milk so perfectly mixed with the blood that there was not any place in which appeared the least footstep of the whiteness of the milk and all the blood was generally more liquid and less apt to coagulate 6. I received an account of some Experiments from one much versed in these injections which he may one day acquaint the world with to this effect That the infusion of Crocus Metallorum injected in a less quantity then otherwise viz● ℥ ss semis will work by vomit in a dog almost presently and very strangely and make him grievously sick Yet Dr. Wren informs Mr. Boyle that a moderate dose of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum did not much move the dog that he injected it into but a large dose of two ounces or more wrought soon and so violently that he vomited up life and all That a dog will take two drams of Opium into his Stomack and seem never the worse if you keep him from lying down half an hour after but two drams of Poppy-seeds made into an Emulsion and injected into his veins will kill him presently 7. Mr. Boyle saith that he conveyed a small dose of the tincture of Opium into a dog this way which began to work so speedily upon the brain that he was scarce untied before the Opium began to disclose its Narcotick quality and almost as soon as he was upon his feet he began to nod with his head and reel and faulter in his place but being kept awake and in motion by whipping up and down the Garden after some time he came to himself again and not only recovered but began to grow fat so manifestly that 't was admired 8. A certain German Count coming into England relates an Experiment which he saw in the presence of Pr. Rupert After some blood taken from a dog there was injected into him a small quantity portiuncula of Spanish wine within sometime after the dog was perfectly drunk being giddy performing sundry ridiculous actions then vomiting with a profound sleep 9 Dr. Fabricius Physician to the City of Dantzick injected purgatives into humane bodies with this effect A strong bodied Souldier being dangerously infected with the Pox and having grievous protuberations of the bones in his armes two drams of a purgative liquor were injected he presently complained of great pains in his elbows and the little valves of his arm did swell so visibly that it was necessary by a great compression on 's fingers to stroke up that swelling towards the Patients shoulders● Some four hours after it began to work not very troublesomely and so it did the next day in so much that the man had five good stools with it Without any other remedies those protuberances were gone nor are there any footsteps of the disease left Two other trials were made upon women the one a married woman of 35 the other a Servant-maid of 20 years old both from the birth had been grievously troubled with Epileptick Fits so that there was little hopes of curing them There was injected into their veins a laxative rosin dissolved in an Antiepileptical spirit the first of these had gentle stools some hours after the injection

and the next day the Fits recurred now and then but much milder and are since quite vanished The Maid she went the same day to stool four times and several times the next but by going into the Air and taking cold and not observing any diet cast her self away 'T is remarkable that it was common to all three to vomit soon after the injection and that extreamly and frequently I have not time to adde any more of these kind of trials but from hence it is evident that things operate where they do operate in the same manner in a lesser dose then when taken into the Stomach and with more violence That oftentimes such things as are innocently taken in to the Stomach are mortal when injected immediately into the blood That although learned Physicians have made little or no difference betwixt the op●ration of Oyle of Sulphur and that of Vitriol yet by this Experiment there is found to be a quite different effect So the Salt of Tartar which is as innocent as Salt of Wormwood or any such Salt had a pernicious effect upon the dog though discrepant from the others As to the Experiments of Dr. Fabritius they do not give much of Encouragement to the Trial for the one died which had the most of youth and though her death be attributed to other circumstances and neglects yet either those are irivial or for some unknown length of time there must be greater care then ordinarily after Physick otherwise small accidents become mortal And th● extreme and frequent vomitings which here happen from the sufferings of the Heart and not the Stomack render the course more hazardous to tender Stomachs and weak Constitutions then Mr. Glanvill suggests So that the loathings of the Stomach are not prevented by this way nor the success very inviting how speedy soever upon those Experiments any more then from the Churlish Physick of the ancient and moderate Chymists of Mr. Odored's party which wise-men will not imitate I wonder the laxative Solutions were not set down that we might judge of their strength and that the way of di●ting and ordering of them afterwards was omitted whereas the knowledge thereof might avail to prevent the ill consequence which befel the Maid I shall now consider the effects which the several Liquors have upon a 〈◊〉 with the blood ● when taken warm in a Pottinger and those a●●u●ed to it This is a Practice which the Honourable Mr. Robert Boyle imparted to the Royal Society in December 1664. and thinks that Eracassati may have taken his hint from it to inject those Liquors ● but I finde a Letter from Leyden sent to Bartholinus Dated Ian. 9. 1662. in which there are several E●periments of that kind which I shall set down presently If I placed any great value upon the Experiment I could put in for the Practiser of it at Stratford upon Avon in 1660● and prove that I made some Solutions of Salt of Ash Salt of Wormwood and Salt of Tartar and received the blood of sheep into the glasses in which they were to try the differences betwixt those Salts whether they were of the same nature so that it was indifferent whether one used Salt of Wormwood Garduus Benedictus Yarrow or Mugwort or that there were any difference Which last Angela Sala denies though other Chymists affirm it But a●ter that I had enquired into that Controversie by several ways I went to Iamaica and neglected the Experiment But since that I see that every unprofitable trifle becomes a famous and noble Experiment and if it bring no present Emolu●●●● y●t at least it becomes Luciferous and as they say puts us in the Prospect of several great advantages at least more and greater things will be disclosed by it when future ingenuity and diligence hath improved and perfected the invention Since that time I have made many Essays about the mixture of sundry Liquors with the blood of Sheep Lambs Calves Cows Oxen Hogs Poultry and that in several manners I have received the blood of several ●●●atures upon warm solutions of sundry Salts of Allom impure Salt-peter Sal Prunellae Salt of Nitre upon solution of the several Vitriols upon Steel wine Vomitive mine Sack French wine and Malaga upon spirit of mine spirit of Cider and spirit of the grounds of Beer ● upon warm Urine upon mixtures with spirit of Vitriol and oyl of Sulphur and Iuice of Lemons and Oranges upon the rare liquor o● Salt-peter upon it after it hath passed the Ashes and upon the Mothers of it and many other trials with oyle of Wormwood Amber c. dissolved in spirit of wine I have also poured upon the Mass after it hath coagulated several acid spirits before and after the Serum was separated from it I have also taken the separated Serum and affused spirit of Vitriol to some to others spirits of Harts-horn and other spirituous waters and I have affused to those that had a mixture of the spirit of Harts-horn some acid spirits and other liquors to see the changes I shall not now set down the several Phaenomena and observations I made not having leisure to digest them all nor being willing to dismember a discourse I intend about the nature of blood and Phlebo●omy in which I shall not only treat of all these things but adde many other observations from the burning of blood and the Serum which any man may do without feeling any thing by sympathy notwithstanding the whimseys of Helmont and that great Virtuoso Sir Kenelme Digby I have done it fourty-times in Men Women and Children to observe those varieties in blood which never entred into the heads of our Experimentators ● Though Dr. Walter Needham my learned School-fellow a Member of the Society deny that blood will burn Carbonibus injectus sanguis flammam non facile concipit sed potius torretur in grumum Yet if any one please but to take a piece of the coagulated Mass of blood and lay it on a Fire shovell and so place it in an hot fire that the coales arch round about it but touch it not after he hath observed the great variety of its intumescence and the ●rackling of divers salts as it were decrepitating it will take flame commonly when dry and burn with a great variety of Phaenomena some will not flame at all though brought to ignition there will be also variety in the remaining Cinis as to its saltness In the like manner set the Serum to coagulate on the coals and then burn it I have also burned the blood and Serum after it hath been mixed with acid liquors By this trial will appear more then can be imagined as to the differences of the blood of Animals and of young and old Animals I will endea●our to finish that Tractate wherein there will be observations about the colour of blood and melancholique and pituitous and crimson parts and a certain pellicle which generates by the Air on the top of most

short and weak flame I placed another part of it upon a fire-shovel in an arched and quick fire where it crackled as much as the other did and more then that part of the same blood which was burned in the fore-going Experiment of blood newly congealed and separated from the Serum which was in this last case dried into the mass and it did burn with a vivid and continued flame presently Which accident I take notice of● to shew the different Phaenomena upon the diverse way of burning the blood I took a third portion of the said congealed and firm mass of blood and put it to some cold water in a Glass and it dissolved most of it therein and tinged the water of as beautiful a red as any claret though otherwise ●he mass were blackish and had nothing of red but what was in the extimous crust of the bottom which seemed of a most deep red inclining to black I suffered two or three spoonfuls of Hogs-blood to run into a large Venice-Glass in which was halfe a pint of the Mothers of Peter I suffered it to stand some days and comeing then to see it I observed that the Mothers were become opacous almost to the bottom on the top was a mass of coagulated blood exactly resembling the colour of Oker it was so firm that I took it with my knife in one entire piece but I found the top and bottom of the mass which was pretty thick to be very soft but not as it were fibrous the middle was more firm I put some of it upon a fire-shovell in an arched and quick fire when it boyled up and ran about and by its sputtering discovered a mixture of Salt-peter but it did not flame at all though I brought it to ignition Examineing the remaining Mothers I found a sanguin● mixture to float in and stain the liquor of an Oker-colour and some of it was aggregated into little masses or lumps whose particles did not cohere by any tenacious fibres indeed I have not been able to observe any tenaciously-fibrous coagulations in the blood of Hogs hitherto but upon the least touch of my warm hand they dissolved or yielded unto the least pr●ssure Out of all which I intend to deduce that some common Experiments may shew that which no Chymical Fires give any light unto That there is a great diversity betwixt the blood of other Animals and that of Men because that upon the same Liquors they disclose different Phaenomena and consequently that the Transfusion is a rash and unsafe attempt I shall conclude with this intimation that neither is the lood of several Animals nor the blood of the same kinde of Animals the same but in taste and colour of the Serum there will be often a sensible difference and it is rational to think the like of the blood it self nor do they burn or coagulate alike or with the like Phaenomena nor is the blood of the same Men always the same though he continue within the latitude of Health and in diseases Epidemical let two bleed and there shall often be no affinity in the colour of their blood or in ●●e Serum the one being white and turbid the other Limpid the Serum of the third citrine-coloured And if so what regulations shall we have for this operation shall a transfuse he knows not what to correct he knows not what God knows how This may become indeed that sort of men being the worst and most irrational Empirics the Sun ever shined upon as I demonstrate more fully in my Letter to a Physician in a Parallel betwixt them and the ancient Empirics Let them from these Observations draw their sophistical Conclusions for and against spirit of Harts-horn for and against spirit of Sal Armoniack against Allom and Treacle-water and such like till all the world come to admire th●m as much as I And that there be a new History penned to render them as contemptible as this mag●ifies by a Rhetorick that hath more of the nature of the Microscope then of Truth Miscellaneous Additions by way of Postscript VVHatever may seem to be said from hence in favour of the spirit of Harts-horn is not so valid as may be imagined for I have mixed a little of the Solution of the Alcali of Nitre which turned Syrup of Violets green and rendred it less fluid upon the blood of a man which was blackish waterish and ill-coloured after it began somewhat to coagulate and I brought it to a new fluidity and as vivid a red as ever I saw and so it continued for 24 hours at my return after two days I found the blood in the Pottinger by reason of the Sun on the window all coagulated and become friable but even that it had visible signs of a remaining redness which the other blood that had nothing effused ●etained not Oyl of vitriol affused to the Serum of blood tinged with the crimson part doth improve the red for an instant or two but then it turns black and coagulates ●●to a soft mass that admits the least impression the fibres being destroyed but yet it burns rather better brighter and quicker then otherwise being poured on the surface of coagulated blood on the top whereof was tough pellicle generated it did not eat the pellicle but in one night reduced the Mass almost to the bottom into a consistence like to Bees wax which burnt well In Ianuary last 1669. I had another occasion to bleed but though the Phaenomena of my blood upon the Mothers of Salt peter were the same as at first yet in the other mixture with Salt-peter-liquors they were not the blood separately taken seemed not to differ from the former only the Serum was a little yellower it did burn as well as before but crackled much less At the same time I caused an old man to be let blood for a catarrh and pain in his shoulder which he used to ease with bleeding the blood seemed very good and well-coloured after it had stood a while I had the leisure to view it and upon one pottinger of coagulated blood I poured twenty drops of spirit of Vitriol whereupon immediately all the top turned as white as milk even the bubbles which seemed of blood before whereupon I took another pottinger and separated half the blood from the Serum and poured on the blood and Serum som spirit of Vitriol as before presently all the Serum became of colour and consistence like milk the blood turned black and hardened into a substance that cut like white-washed-wax the other at my return I found of the consistence and colour of a common custard The vitriolated Serum would not ●lame the vitriolated blood did burn with a brisk but short flame the simple blood would scarce burn at all but with air hovering and discontinued flame I took also some of the pure citrine Serum of my blood which tasted not very salt I set it in the window for some time during the frost it