Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	abate_v	salt_n	tartar_n	44	3	10.3392	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

the Sun yet here fishes and other Creatures feed and plants grow and consequently that cannot be a chief ingredient in nutrition which may be wanting There is something else in Mr Heâ—shaw that lookes like an Argument by the introduction FOR. For all abound with such a volatile Salt fixed and Oil as Petre doth I cannot tell how to forme this Argument and yet convince the world that I do not injure him this passage is so extreamly ridiculous Yet I will endeavour it if it be but to shew the Logick of Ant ' Aristotelians and how much we owe to that providence which hath educated us better than to argue so The proposition he aimes at and would prove is That the Salt which is in vegetables and Animals is but the Nitre which is universally diffused through the Elements The medium or Argument by which he would prove it is is is harder to be found out than the meaning of Aristotle in his Acromaticks Let us consider it again That which I aim at then is That if the Spirit of the volatile Salt of Soot or of the Urin blood hornes hoofes haire excrements or indeed any part of Animals for all abound with such a volatile Salt fixed and Oile as Petre doth could by the same way viz as the redintegrated Nitre be reduced to Petre or some Nitrous Salt it would Excellently make out a Theory that I am much delighted with till I am convinced in it which is that the Salt which is found in vegetables and Animals is but the Nitre which is so universally diffused through all the Elâ—ments and must therefore make a chief ingredient in their nutrition and by consequence of their generation a little altered from its first complexion Here is the Spirit of the volatile Salt of the parts of vegetables and Animals to be coagulated and transformed into Petre by the Spirit of Nitre Here is a volatile Salt fixed and Oile such as is in Petre mentioned to what purpose Here is a Salt spoken of to be found in Vegetables and Animals yet 't is not expressed whether it be the volatile or fixed Salt yet these two are different and those that abound with volatile Salt are more the Physick than the food of man Well I have spent half an hour to frame a Sorites or any tolerable Argument out of these words but I cannot do it but I will adventure to give our Philosophers this advise that they would take our English word FOR into their serious consideration and abolish the use of it as the French Academy at Paris did Car. Before I have done with this History I shall shew that this Intimation was but necessary for them To proceed How doth it appear that Salt-Petre abounds with a volatile Salt fixed and Oile In the regenerated Nitre which Glauber makes to be the best there is nothing but Alcali and the Spirit of Nitre in the Nitre which is generated by the mixture of the Spirit of Urin and Spirit of Nitre there is no such thing In the distillation of Nitre there is nothing but Spirit inseperate from Phlegme and its Alcali and as there is no Oile there so I hope he would not have us take the Alcali for a volatile Salt fixed In the making of Salt-Petre there is found indeed something that seems Oily and greasy but that is Excrementitious and so farr from being a constitutive part of it that it must be Separated from it as Mr. Henshaw knowes before Salt-Petre can be made and the great contrivance is how to separate it So Glauber in Prosper German part 3. pag. 43. alias enim pinguedinem nimiam contrahit lixivium nec ullum Salgenerabitur From the mention of this Oile I must take an occasion to tell the world how superficially our Virtuoso writes the History of Nitre I could suggest many curiosities from the severall liquors in the making of Salt-Petre But I have not time to discourse of the Mothers of Petre not how that grease being lodged in the ashes those ashes being exposed to the Sun at Warwick did in one or two daies produce visible Nitre on the top of the ashes so that in few daies those ashes become fit to be Elixiviated into raw liquors which were before but to make a Lixivium to purge the liquors that had boiled I shall only touch at an Experiment which may not be unwelcome to the Honourable Mr. Boyle I took of the Mothers that had stood long and were exceeding Oily I powred four spoonfulls of them into a large Venice-glass half full of water This greasy liquor sunke to the bottom instantly without altering the tast or colour of the water at all so that the top was clear water the bottom of a reddish colour as bilious Urin only on the surface of the water and in the middle there did flote several very small bubbles of the colour of water having let this stand a day I took a Solution of the Alcali of Salt-Petre which though of a greenish blew yeilded a lympid liquor upon filtration and poured two or three spoonfulls into the mixture of Mothers and water immediately the whole liquor turn'd Lacteous or White but the colour presently contracted it self into a white enâ—orema or suspensum such as is to be seen in healthfull Urin and so floted above the surface of the Mothers the next morning I found as it were a powder fallen to the bottom which I stirred up to the top whereupon the whole liquor up to the top of the water was turbid I let it stand all night and this morning the whole liquor from top to bottom is of one colour and that exactly of a Limon-colour or like old Hoccomar-wine on the top there seems to float thin coagulations of fat with some variety of colours such as one may often see on small waters that stand in Moorish grounds the liquor is nothing â—igh so acrimonious and purigent as the Mothers were and all of it is as greasy as the Mothers were when Separate hanging on the finger as Oile and not like water at all at the bottom of the Glass there lies a Yellow-sediment as 't were powder which upon agitation will not rise of it self but must be stirred up with something and then resembles the white Hypostasis of Urin with capillary filaments enterveaving each other And How doth it appear that Urin doth abound with a volatile Salt fixed and Oile I do not understand what he meanes by his volatile Salt fixed by what is it fixed to what degree volatile Salts are sometimes so fixed as only to abate not alter the volatility as the volatile Salt of vipers in Zwelfer and the volatile Salt of Harts-horn of which I keep some with rectified Spirit of Salt Sometimes they are so fixed as to loose the nature of Salt and to become insipid and indissoluble as when volatile Salts are mixed with Lime-water There are a sort of Salts which Zwelfer calls Salia Essentialia

blood if it stand 24 houres which sometimes is as firme as those tunicles that encompass the Liver or Kidneys Observations upon that and upon the â—urning of the coagulated Mass and its becoming red again though not so floridly Trials upon that in vessels cover'd that it is not from the air in opposition to the Fracassati I will not mention any thing hereof now but having imparted some observations to some and knowing what plagiaries some men are I thought fitting to publish thus much that they might not pretend to the inventions each whereof were enough to make one of them proud and fill the Transactions Yet I will say this That I never had put my self upon these trials but out of envy and indignation against them and the Transfusion of blood about which they made such ado every where I shall promise one thing that Mr. Boyle is very much mistaken in imagining that there is a great difference betwixt the effects of Medicaments when miâ—ed with thâ— warm blood of an Animal out of the veins and in them as will appear by the mixture of milk already spâ—cifiâ—d and that of the Salt of Tartar which will follow out of the Letter of Borrichius Experiments upon the mixture of Liquors with the warm blood of Animals taken out by Phlebotomy 1. By putting into the warm blood as it came from Animals a little Aqua fortis or Oyle of Vitriol or spirit of Salt these being the most usual and acid menstruums Mr. Boyle observed that the blood not only would presently lose its pure colour and become of a dirty one but in a trice also be coagulated whereas some if fine urinous spirit such as the spirit of Sal Armoniack wâ—re mingled with the warm blood it would noâ— only not cuâ—dle ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ or imbase its colour but make it look rather more florid â—hen before and both keep it fluid and preserve it from putrefaction for a long time 2. The Learned and Inquisitive Man Olaus Bâ—rrichius having cut up a dog alive made these observations He took five glasses and placed them in order putting into the one spirit of vinegar into another oyl of Tartar per deliquium into a third a Solution of Allom into a fourth spirit of Salt Armoniack into a fifth spirit of wine into each of the Glasses he suffered the blood of the Crural Artâ—ry to run After some time he come to look upon his Glasses but the next day the observation was most perspicuous That Glass which had the spirit of vinegar in it it was become black like to the blood of Melancholique persons with a thick and copious black sediment and that liquor which was on the top was blackish Where the Oyl of Tartar was the colour was pretty florid but the liquor more turbid no sediment at all only some filements like little fibres floated in it conspicuously here and there Where the Solution of Allom was there all seemed like a subcineritious or dirtyâ—coloured putrilage there being no reliques of the crimson colour of blood to be seen Where the spirit of wine was there the liquor was more turbid then that which had the Oyl of Tartar in it Where the spirit of salt Armoniack was that was of the most beautiful colour of all being very florid of a thin consistence with a diaphanous sediment like to the gelly of currants This observation he also tells Bartholinus that he had in like manner made the preceding Summer Out of all which it most evidently appears how nice a thing the blood is and how small mixtures alter the colour and texture of it and what consequences may follow upon such alteration of its consistâ—nce and particular texture no man knows but that they may be very bad even where innocent and wholesom Medicaments are affused is evident ouâ— of what I have set down It is also as manifest that there are in the bodies of men and women solutions or liquors imbued with sundry salts as aluminous acid and vitriolate c. which when they shall mix with the injected blood what the issue may be I leave the Prudent to conjecture Câ—rtain iâ— is that for these considerations specified reserving my own Experiments to my self none but inconsiderate Quacksalvers would put a Patient upon the trial of injecting of Medicaments or transfusing of blood It is a course Nature whose Servants and Imitators Physicians hitherto were never prompted us unto Having taken so many courses whereby blood might at any time of need issue out of the veins and arteries in sundry parts of the body But especially provided that nothing might immediatâ—ly come into the veins Whatever comes into the veins by the Stomach suffers a great alteration first and whatsoever is noxious either separates from it there and in the guts or is mortified or mitigated so as to be innocent and agreeablâ— to the nature of the veins Which particular nature of the sanguifâ—rous vessels is that which in the dead keeps its own blood fluid and in the living contributes so much to the motion of it that if you make a stop and intâ—rcept the impulse of the subsequent blood yet will the other continue its coursâ— But what will the effect be of Heterogâ—neous blood For undoubtedly the nature of the veins is agreeablâ— to the blood and communicates its impurities and vertue as the cask doth to the wine But further since the blood is to pass through the porosities of the Liver and Lungs and capillary veins and arteries how will they agree with the new blood it being evident upon mixture of Liquors and upon burning that there is a difference in the fibrosity of the bloods and consistence of the several Serums or how will that circulate which results from the mixture I know not but certain it is that the ill consequence is almost if not absolutely past remedy In fine what is it that is aimed at in this Transfuâ—ion is it the rectifying the mass of blood suppose sevâ—ntâ—en pound in a body with the affusion of a few ounces or a pound of Lâ—mbs blood They may as soon rectifie as much vinegar or decayed wine with the like proportion of good wine would they amend the impurities of the vessels there is the same difficulty as before That which they transfuse is not a Chymical spirit but an impure and hâ—terogeneous mixture fitted by different digestions and ferments to a different nourishment of another Animal with different excrements resulting from it It is in the Stomach and first digestion where food is so concocted by the Humane heat or Acidity as to turn to a chyle adequate to the nourishment of man and generating such blood and such excrements as are the result of such a concoction as is agreeable to the nature of man And so it is in all creatures Thus we see that in different Animals different Excrements are generated nor is it to be doubted but that the concoctive principle differs as much in a dog or

ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Vide ep Walaei de moâ—u sangu Otto Tachenius Hippâ—â—r med clavis c. 9. p. 201. I had an intention to have set down at large all the Stories relating to the Transfusion of blood with remarks upon them but I was so much prâ—ssâ—d to conclude and had so little leisure to dispatch it in thâ—t manner at that time â—hat the Reader must be content with this brief but I think substantial â—eply to all that hath yet been said See the Stories in the Philosophical Transactions I remember they say that it is not expressed how the Transfusion was practised upon the Baron Bond nor after how long time it was repeated when he died But this is no excuâ—e for them for they have fixed no râ—les or circumstances whereby to regulate the operation â— those are to be leaâ—ned by frequent Experiments and it may be thâ— deaâ—h of moâ—e Patients Next it is not to be doubted but that He that did it might act as Cautiously as they for his own credit and the credit of the tâ—ial and the qâ—ality of the Person It concerns them to pâ—ocure â—n Authentick Narration of the thingâ— and what appeared upon his being embowellâ—d Mr. Ch Hotham when I shewed him some of the extracted Salt did conceive it to be a mixture of common Salt and vitriol of Iron When I was there a Spring of the Cross-Bath being lost they digg'd for it I taâ—ted the Earth but could finde nothing nitrâ—us in it opening the gutter by which that Bath empties it self we found the passage crusted very thick with a white laâ—ideous concretion rough and unequal in the surface with several crystâ—ls fixed in it resembling those of cream of Tartar to taste it was insipid anâ— of substanâ—e like to what precipitate with â—rinous spirits in the water but after it had â—eâ— on the tongue a while some pâ—eces discovered a taste exactly â—ike cream of Tartar others an aâ—striction somewhat vitâ—ioâ—ine â— I brought some away and intend to examine it further The other day coming into my Aâ—othecaries Shop and finding one not otheâ—wise very ill going to bleed I sent for a bottle of that Lixivium of Salt-peter which had passed the ashes and into the first pâ—ttinger which he bled which seemed to have little of crimson in it but a Serum of a dark-blew colour I poured a little of it and it turned black though it continued fluid Into the third pottinger which seemed better bâ—ood with a red colour I poured some of the same liquor and it improved the colour and kept it from coagulaoion awhile what hapned afterwards I had not leisure to observe Vossius de Scientâ— Mathem â— 51. sect 1. Apâ—leius Arithmeticam Nicâ—machi Gerasâ—ni Pythagorici Latine tranâ—â—ulit teste Cassiâ—dâ—râ— de mathem discipl cap. de Arithm Isidorâ— Hisp. Orig. iij. a. Jonss de script Hist. phil l. 3. c. 13. p. 280. Vâ—â—siâ—s de sâ—ieâ— mathâ—m c 10 sect â— Blâ—ncaâ—ns Matâ—em ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ 15 Vossius de scienâ— Mathem Mâ— Glanvill p. 4â— 4â— c â—â— * S. Stevinns both invented and writ such in alâ— parts of â—he pure and practical Mathematiâ—ks in Geography Germaâ—y Navigation Mechanicks c. that never did any one no nor all the Virtuâ—si in England or Europe â—ver equalled or pursued From hence 't is apparent Mr. Glanvill and his Abettors never read him he was tho â—iâ—st Proposer I know of and before my Lord Bacon of a Society to carry on Experiments in order to the rectâ—fying many errâ—uâ—s and imprâ—ving many known truths ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Admirer of the Ancients and their learning J. Wierus de pâ—â—st daem l. 2. c. 2. a Vide Bpdin in pâ—aeâ— ad daemonomaniâ—m b See Gabr. Naudaeus his Histoâ—y of Magick ch 17. Mr. Boyle in his first part of Experiments oâ— thâ— Aiâ—e Experim 1. I desire my Reader to take â—otice about â—he â—laâ—â—icity of thâ— Air that the very names of â—later and â—lasticity aâ—e of â— more ancient â—ention then the being of the Society Regins and Peegâ—etâ—s use the teâ—ms and that aâ— to the expansiâ—â— motion of the Air 't is proposed bâ— seveâ—al Cartesians and before them by Kircher de mayner l. 2 part 1. prâ—gâ—mâ— 3. See also Mersenn and Schottusâ— mechanic pâ—â—umat hydraul So thâ—â— the Soâ—iâ—ty caâ— preâ—end to nothing but the sâ—miliâ—ude of a fleece oâ— woâ—ll and the expliâ—ating it â—y that way â—age 59. Thus the Moon according to the Cartesians by its pressure upon the waters causeth the Tides on Earth ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ K. D. of Sâ—mp p. 42. Chaâ—ltâ—n de ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ c. 21 p. 94. ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ qâ—â—dam peâ—peâ—uÃ² occâ—peâ—antâ—s ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ spiâ—abilis substantâ—a Kirâ—hâ—r â— Pâ—r ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ 2 dial 2. c. 3. â—he ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ a kinde â—f ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ paâ—ticlâ—s dâ—ssolvâ—d â—t to the Aether anâ— agitated â—y iâ—â— just as the â—incture of ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ is nothâ—ng ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ paâ—ts oâ— thaâ— ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ by the ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ â—aâ—er Mâ— Hook Micâ—ogr oâ—s â— p. 1â— ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ actione zolis ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ quâ—â—um ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ inter ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ l. â— p. 1. â—â— Acus â—omnino parallâ—â—â— horizonti qua subito atque magneti affricatâ—r nullo modo fit gravior tamen deprimitur perindâ— ac si magnes esset acui subjectus Finge â—unc aliquem qui haec a magneâ—e fieri nesciat is profectÃ² credet cum Aristotele acum tendere ad câ—nâ—rum mund Beâ—igard dâ— terra câ—râ—ulo 6. part 3. â—ide â—alilaum â—yâ—â—em ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ dial â— â—ag 32. ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ in 4â—0 Vide Galilaeum de system mundi dial 2. pag. 119. edit in 410. Sectatoribuâ— Copernici opus est dicere quippe qui ponunt orbem magnâ—m circulo ferri motum graviâ— deorsum essâ— per lineam curvam vel â—nstar quadratricis Nicomedis vel circulari ut Galilaeâ—s câ—ntendit Scipio Claramont de univâ—râ— l. â—ij c. 20. Vâ—de Sanctorii medic static Hanc Aeris concitationem demonstrat vel ipsa saliva â—x ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ demissâ—â— quae dilaceratur pâ—ope terram in quam coâ—citatus aâ—r impiâ—genâ—â—d salivam redit câ—mque discerpit Berigard circ Pisar. paâ—t â— circ 6. de terra Why dâ—th not this Cylinder of Air which so presseth upon the Mercury depress a leaf of Gold but ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ it to flie up and dowâ— Mr. Hooke in the Preface to his Micrography Paâ—e 61. If you would see how true Mr Glaâ—vill speaks reade Mr. Boyle his eighteenth Experiment and the defence of it against Linus there you will finde that the Mercurial Cylinder did in winter somtimes correspond with the weather Glass and somtimes ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ and the reason Mr. Boyle gives is such aâ— takes ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ â—rom the certainty of Mr. Glâ—â—vill's CONCLUSâ—ON S Stevinus hydrostat Elem l 4 Theoorem 8. Id. ib. postulat 6. Id. ib. postul 7 Et profecto tam receptum â—uerit hâ—c ipsa non admittere quam postulantibus Astrologis terram esse mundi centrum â—â—dem derogare â— Ricciol Almagâ—nov l. 2. c. 5. sect 4. a Against Hâ—bâ— c. â— b Experiments of Air. Exper. 6. and against Hâ—bs c. 3. Democrit revivise disp 1. c. 2. p. 84. in 410. Circul Pisaâ— part 6. circ 7â— de nutritione â˜ž Sanctoâ—â—us was â— Galâ—â—ist Mr. Gâ—anvill p. 25. Euseb. de pâ—aep Evâ—ng l. 14 c. 4. Mr. Sprat pag. 312. I wonder that such effects should be attributed by them to the bare coâ—course and meeting of corpuscles of differing figures magnitudes and velocities without taking notice of that alteration of texture and of the figures of the concurrent particles without which Carteâ—ianism nor the other Mechanical Philosophies can subsist and not so without allowing the constant assistance of God directing and ordering lay Mechanism So des Cartes Princ. Philos part 2. Deus materiam â—imul cum motu quicte in principio creavit jamque per Solem suâ—m concursum ordinarium tantundem motus quietis in ea tota quantum tunc posuit conservet Oh! rare and sensible explication of things God Almighty in a peculiar matter agitates matter must we thus explain the secondary and mediate creation of the world in six days whereas the like productions have not hapened in so many thousand years as are lapsed since Besides whatever our Virtuoso thinks of the Eternal Generation and Incarnation of the Son of God He doth not except in this Assertion the Generation of mankinde in the ordinary and natural way Ricciclus in Chroniâ— part 2. â—raeâ—iâ—es ad Almagâ—st 1. ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ in Archytas Blancanus saith of Archytas that he was Mechanica Inventor â—n Chronoâ— mathem â—â—cul 5. And Will. Snellius in his Pâ—eface to the Hypomn. mathem of S. Stevinus doth reckon upon Archytas and Eâ—doxus as eminent for practical Mechanicks Mr. Hook microgâ—aph p. â—10 Zucchius philos opt part 2. cap. 2. sâ—ct 2. p. 39. Van Ettens Mathem recreations pag. 220 221. Gabr. Naudaeus Hâ—st of Magick c. 7. Menag in Diog Laert. l. 9. p. 238.

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