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in_o some_o of_o their_o operation_n but_o to_o philosopher_n in_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o divers_a phaenomena_n of_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a while_n to_o exemplify_v it_o by_o some_o instance_n the_o first_o whereof_o i_o shall_v take_v from_o a_o usual_a practice_n of_o the_o chemist_n themselves_o which_o i_o the_o rather_o do_v to_o let_v you_o see_v that_o such_o know_a experiment_n be_v too_o often_o over-looked_n by_o they_o that_o make_v they_o but_o yet_o may_v hint_n or_o confirm_v theory_n to_o those_o that_o reflect_v on_o they_o the_o instance_n i_o here_o speak_v of_o be_v that_o which_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o vulgar_a preparation_n of_o bezoardicum_n minerale_fw-mi for_o though_o the_o rectify_a butter_n or_o oil_n of_o antimony_n and_o the_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n that_o be_v put_v together_o to_o make_v this_o white_a praecipitate_v be_v both_o of_o they_o distil_a liquor_n yet_o the_o copious_a powder_n that_o result_v from_o their_o union_n be_v 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which_o be_v a_o effect_n that_o chemist_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o expect_v from_o spirit_n of_o salt_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o one_o acid_n will_v precipitate_v what_o another_o have_v dissolve_v and_o contrary_o as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v precipitate_v silver_n out_o of_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n and_o i_o find_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n to_o precipitate_v body_n of_o divers_a kind_n mineral_n and_o other_o out_o of_o some_o acid_a menstruum_n particular_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o property_n peculiar_a to_o some_o particular_a acid_n as_o that_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n or_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v dissolve_v camphire_n into_o a_o oil_n and_o coagulate_v common_a oil_n into_o a_o consistent_a and_o brittle_a substance_n like_o tallow_n and_o though_o it_o will_v both_o corrode_v silver_n copper_n lead_v and_o mercury_n and_o keep_v they_o dissolve_v it_o will_v quick_o let_v fall_v almost_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o tin_n very_o soon_o after_o 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be_v almost_o as_o if_o one_o shall_v define_v a_o man_n by_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o animal_n that_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o the_o serpent_n or_o a_o lion_n that_o he_o be_v a_o fourfooted_a beast_n that_o fly_v from_o a_o crow_v cock._n chap._n iu._n but_o although_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a condition_n that_o philosopher_n may_v just_o require_v in_o principle_n be_v that_o be_v to_o explain_v other_o thing_n they_o shall_v be_v very_o clear_a themselves_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o much_o wonder_n that_o the_o definition_n give_v we_o of_o acidum_fw-la and_o alcali_n shall_v be_v but_o unaccurate_a and_o superficial_a since_o i_o find_v not_o that_o they_o have_v themselves_o any_o clear_a and_o determinate_a notion_n or_o sure_a mark_n whereby_o to_o know_v they_o distinct_o without_o which_o chemist_n will_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o form_v clear_a and_o settle_a notion_n of_o they_o for_o to_o infer_v as_o be_v usual_a that_o because_o a_o body_n dissolve_v another_o which_o be_v 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and_o alcaly_n namely_o by_o the_o heat_n commotion_n and_o bubble_n that_o be_v excite_v upon_o their_o be_v put_v together_o that_o may_v be_v no_o such_o certain_a sign_n as_o they_o presume_v they_o have_v indeed_o a_o dependence_n upon_o particular_a contexture_n and_o other_o mechanical_a affection_n that_o chemist_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o take_v any_o notice_n of_o for_o almost_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v fit_v various_o and_o vehement_o to_o agitate_v the_o minute_n part_n of_o a_o body_n will_v produce_v heat_n in_o it_o and_o so_o though_o water_n be_v neither_o a_o acid_n nor_o a_o alcalizate_a liquor_n yet_o it_o will_v quick_o grow_v very_o hot_a not_o only_o with_o the_o high_o acid_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n but_o as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o purposely_o try_v and_o find_v with_o the_o fiery_a alcalizat_n salt_n of_o tartar_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o neither_o in_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o of_o these_o incalescent_a mixture_n there_o be_v produce_v any_o such_o visible_a or_o audible_a conflict_n as_o according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o chemist_n i_o reason_n with_o one_o will_v expect_v and_o as_o for_o the_o production_n of_o bubble_n especial_o if_o accompany_v with_o a_o hiss_a noise_n neither_o be_v that_o such_o a_o certain_a sign_n as_o chemist_n imagine_v for_o the_o production_n of_o bubble_n be_v not_o a_o necessary_a effect_n or_o concomitant_a of_o heat_n excite_v by_o conflict_n but_o depend_v very_o much_o upon_o the_o peculiar_a disposition_n of_o body_n put_v together_o to_o extricate_v produce_v or_o intercept_v particle_n of_o air_n or_o steam_n for_o the_o time_n equivalent_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n mix_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n with_o fair_a water_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o make_v the_o water_n too_o hot_a to_o be_v hold_v in_o one_o hand_n without_o exciting_a bubble_n so_o i_o have_v find_v by_o trial_n purposely_o make_v that_o alcalizat_n spirit_n of_o urine_n draw_v from_o some_o kind_n of_o quicklime_n be_v mix_v with_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n moderate_o strong_a will_v produce_v a_o intense_a heat_n while_o it_o produce_v either_o no_o manifest_a bubble_n at_o all_o or_o scarce_o any_o though_o the_o urinous_a spirit_n be_v strong_a and_o in_o other_o trial_n operate_v like_o a_o alcali_n and_o although_o also_o with_o spirit_n of_o urinal_n make_v per_fw-la se_fw-la the_o common_a way_n the_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v produce_v a_o great_a hiss_a and_o a_o multitude_n of_o conspicuous_a bubble_n on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o have_v sometime_o though_o not_o so_o constant_o find_v that_o some_o acid_n spirit_n especial_o that_o of_o verdigrease_n make_v per_fw-la se_fw-la will_v when_o pour_v upon_o salt_n of_o tartar_n make_v a_o conflict_n with_o it_o and_o produce_v a_o copious_a froth_n though_o we_o observe_v it_o not_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o any_o manifest_a heat_n and_o i_o elsewhere_o mention_v two_o body_n upon_o who_o put_v together_o numerous_a bubble_n will_v for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o not_o without_o noise_n be_v generate_v and_o succeed_v one_o another_o though_o i_o can_v perceive_v no_o heat_n at_o all_o to_o accompany_v this_o tumult_n as_o for_o the_o taste_n which_o by_o many_o be_v make_v a_o great_a touchstone_n whereby_o to_o know_v acid_n and_o alcaly_n i_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o mix_a body_n wherein_o we_o can_v so_o little_o discern_v by_o the_o taste_n which_o of_o the_o principle_n be_v predominant_a that_o this_o sense_n will_v not_o oblige_v one_o to_o suspect_v much_o less_o to_o conclude_v there_o be_v one_o grain_n of_o either_o of_o they_o to_o be_v find_v there_o such_o body_n be_v diamond_n and_o ruby_n and_o most_o gem_n beside_o many_o ignoble_a stone_n and_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o mercury_n and_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o other_o body_n on_o the_o other_o side_n there_o be_v body_n that_o abound_v with_o acid_n or_o 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the_o gross_a empereumatical_a oil_n of_o wood_n and_o even_o in_o high_a rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o therefore_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o alcalizat_n liquor_n and_o other_o list_v it_o among_o acid_n though_o i_o do_v not_o find_v it_o neither_o to_o be_v destroy_v or_o much_o alter_v by_o be_v put_v upon_o coral_n or_o salt_n of_o tartar_n as_o will_v happen_v to_o a_o acid_n menstruum_fw-la nor_o yet_o by_o be_v digest_v with_o and_o distil_v from_o sea_n salt_n as_o may_v be_v probable_o expect_v from_o a_o alcalizat_n one_o a_o and_o among_o those_o very_a body_n which_o their_o taste_n persuade_v chemist_n to_o reckon_v among_o acid_n one_o may_v according_a to_o what_o i_o former_o note_v observe_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n and_o variety_n of_o relish_v that_o perhaps_o without_o be_v too_o severe_a i_o may_v say_v that_o if_o i_o be_v to_o allow_v acid_n to_o be_v one_o principle_n it_o shall_v be_v only_o in_o some_o such_o metaphysical_a sense_n as_o that_o wherein_o air_n be_v say_v to_o be_v one_o body_n though_o it_o consist_v of_o the_o associate_v effluvium_n of_o a_o multitude_n of_o corpuscle_n of_o very_a differ_a nature_n that_o agree_v in_o very_o little_o save_v in_o their_o be_v minute_n enough_o to_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o fluid_a aggregate_v consist_v of_o fly_a part_n but_o have_v dwell_v long_a than_o i_o intend_v on_o one_o objection_n it_o be_v time_n that_o i_o proceed_v to_o those_o that_o remain_v chap._n v._n another_o particular_a i_o be_o unsatisfied_a with_o in_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o alcali_n and_o acidum_fw-la be_v that_o it_o be_v in_o divers_a case_n either_o needless_a or_o useless_a to_o explain_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o quality_n there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o produce_v destroy_v or_o alter_v where_o there_o do_v not_o appear_v any_o accession_n recess_n or_o change_v of_o either_o of_o those_o two_o principle_n as_o when_o fluid_a water_n by_o hard_a beat_n be_v turn_v 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principle_n be_v too_o few_o and_o narrow_a to_o afford_v any_o satisfactory_a explication_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n for_o i_o fear_v it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a for_o they_o to_o give_v a_o rational_a account_n of_o gravity_n springiness_n light_n and_o emphatical_a colour_n sound_n and_o some_o other_o quality_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v manifest_a and_o much_o more_o of_o several_a that_o be_v confess_v to_o be_v occult_a as_o electricity_n and_o magnetism_n in_o which_o last_o i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o magnet_n a_o acid_n and_o a_o alcali_n and_o that_o these_o two_o be_v of_o contrary_a nature_n will_v help_v to_o explain_v how_o a_o loadstone_n do_v as_o they_o speak_v attract_v the_o same_o end_n of_o a_o poise_v needle_n with_o one_o of_o its_o pole_n which_o it_o will_v drive_v away_o with_o the_o other_o and_o determine_v that_o needle_n when_o free_o place_v to_o point_v north_n and_o south_n and_o enable_v it_o to_o communicate_v by_o its_o bare_a touch_n the_o same_o property_n and_o abundance_n of_o other_o strange_a one_o to_o another_o piece_n of_o steel_n but_o i_o forbear_v to_o allege_v particular_a example_n referrable_a to_o the_o several_a quality_n abovementioned_a whether_o manifest_a or_o hide_a because_o that_o in_o great_a part_n be_v already_o do_v in_o our_o note_n about_o particular_a quality_n in_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v how_o little_a able_a the_o employ_v of_o alcali_n and_o acidum_fw-la will_v be_v to_o afford_v we_o a_o account_n of_o many_o thing_n and_o though_o i_o enlarge_v not_o here_o on_o this_o objection_n yet_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v of_o that_o importance_n that_o though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o the_o hypothesis_n that_o be_v liable_a to_o it_o be_v insufficient_a for_o the_o explication_n of_o quality_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v not_o i_o presume_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o i_o add_v that_o as_o for_o those_o that_o will_v extend_v this_o narrow_a chemical_a doctrine_n to_o the_o whole_a object_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n they_o must_v do_v more_o than_o i_o expect_v they_o will_v be_v able_a before_o they_o can_v make_v i_o their_o proselyte_n there_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o phaenomena_n in_o nature_n divers_a whereof_o i_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o chemist_n philosophy_n in_o which_o what_o acidum_fw-la and_o alcali_n have_v to_o do_v i_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o understand_v chap._n vi_o the_o last_o thing_n which_o comprize_v several_a other_o that_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o alcali_n and_o acidum_fw-la be_v that_o divers_a if_o not_o most_o of_o those_o very_a thing_n that_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v explicate_v by_o they_o be_v not_o satisfactory_o explicate_v some_o thing_n be_v take_v into_o the_o explication_n that_o be_v either_o not_o fundamental_a enough_o or_o not_o clear_o intelligible_a or_o 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a_o defensive_a and_o a_o offensive_a way_n incline_v we_o to_o conclude_v that_o that_o body_n which_o though_o designles_o destroy_v or_o impair_v the_o state_n or_o texture_n of_o another_o body_n have_v a_o enmity_n to_o it_o though_o perhaps_o a_o slight_a mechanical_a change_n may_v make_v body_n that_o seem_v extreme_o hostile_a seem_v to_o agree_v very_o well_o and_o cooperate_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o same_o effect_n as_o if_o the_o acid_a spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o the_o volatile_a alkali_n as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o that_o be_v common_o call_v spirit_n of_o urine_n be_v put_v together_o they_o will_v after_o a_o short_a though_o fierce_a conflict_n upon_o a_o new_a contexture_n unite_v together_o into_o a_o salt_n little_a if_o at_o all_o differ_v from_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a in_o which_o the_o two_o reconcile_a principle_n will_v amicable_o join_v in_o cool_v of_o water_n dissolve_v some_o metalline_a body_n and_o produce_v divers_a other_o effect_n and_o so_o if_o upon_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o salt_n of_o pot-ash_n or_o of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n good_a spirit_n of_o nitre_n be_v drop_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n after_o the_o heat_n and_o tumult_n and_o ebullition_n be_v over_o the_o acid_n and_o the_o alkalizat_n salt_n will_v convene_v into_o such_o a_o concretion_n as_o saltpetre_n which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a body_n either_o homogeneous_a or_o at_o least_o consist_v of_o part_n that_o agree_v very_o friendly_a together_o and_o conspire_v to_o constitute_v the_o particular_a kind_n of_o salt_n that_o chemist_n call_v nitre_n but_o the_o sympathy_n and_o antipathy_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v betwixt_o inanimate_a body_n i_o elsewhere_o more_o particular_o consider_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o the_o explication_n make_v of_o phaenomena_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o alcali_n and_o
phaenomena_n where_o it_o will_v not_o take_v place_n and_o partly_o because_o even_o in_o those_o instance_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v most_o applicable_a the_o effect_n seem_v to_o depend_v upon_o mechanical_a principle_n exper._n xii_o and_o first_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o show_v what_o consanguinity_n there_o be_v between_o sal_fw-la gem_n and._n antimony_n and_o iron_n and_o zinke_n and_o bread_n and_o camphire_n and_o lapis_fw-la calaminaris_n and_o flesh_n of_o divers_a kind_n and_o oistershel_n and_o hartshorn_n and_o chalk_n and_o quicklime_n some_o of_o which_o beong_o to_o the_o vegetable_a some_o to_o the_o mineral_n and_o some_o to_o the_o animal_n kingdom_n and_o yet_o all_o of_o they_o and_o divers_a other_o as_o i_o have_v try_v may_v even_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o external_a heat_n be_v dissolve_v or_o corrode_v by_o one_o single_a mineral_n menstruum_fw-la oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v neglect_v on_o this_o occasion_n some_o of_o they_o may_v be_v body_n suppose_v by_o chemist_n to_o have_v a_o antipathy_n to_o each_o other_o in_o point_n of_o corrosion_n or_o dissolution_n exper._n xiii_o i_o observe_v also_o that_o a_o dissolution_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o body_n by_o menstruum_n to_o which_o the_o chemist_n attribute_n as_o i_o just_a now_o observe_v they_o do_v to_o some_o body_n a_o mutual_a antipathy_n and_o which_o therefore_o be_v not_o like_a to_o have_v a_o sympathy_n with_o the_o same_o three_o body_n as_o i_o find_v by_o trial_n that_o both_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o urine_n upon_o who_o mixture_n there_o ensue_v a_o conflict_n with_o a_o great_a effervescence_n will_v each_o of_o they_o apart_o ready_o dissolve_v crude_a zinke_n and_o so_o each_o of_o they_o will_v the_o file_n of_o copper_n not_o to_o mention_v that_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n as_o great_a a_o difference_n as_o there_o be_v between_o they_o in_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o respect_n and_o as_o notable_a a_o heat_n as_o will_v ensue_v upon_o their_o commixture_n will_v each_o of_o they_o dissolve_v camphire_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v other_o instance_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n as_o for_o what_o be_v common_o say_v that_o oil_n dissolve_v sulphur_n and_o saline_n menstruum_n metal_n because_o as_o they_o speak_v simile_n simili_fw-la gaudet_fw-la i_o answer_v that_o where_o there_o be_v any_o such_o similitude_n it_o may_v be_v very_o probable_o ascribe_v not_o so_o much_o with_o the_o chemist_n that_o favour_n aristotle_n to_o the_o essential_a form_n of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v to_o work_v on_o each_o other_o nor_o with_o the_o mere_a chemist_n to_o their_o salt_n or_o sulphur_n or_o mercury_n as_o such_o but_o to_o the_o congruity_n between_o the_o pore_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la and_o the_o body_n dissolve_v by_o it_o and_o to_o some_o other_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o they_o exper._n fourteen_o for_o silver_n for_o example_n not_o only_o will_v be_v dissolve_v by_o nitre_n which_o they_o reckon_v a_o salt_n but_o be_v amalgame_v with_o and_o consequent_o dissolve_v by_o quicksilver_n and_o also_o by_o the_o operation_n of_o brimstone_n be_v easy_o incorporate_v with_o that_o mineral_n which_o chemist_n be_v wont_a to_o account_v of_o so_o oleaginous_a a_o nature_n and_o insoluble_a in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la exper._n xv._n and_o as_o for_o those_o dissolution_n that_o be_v make_v with_o oily_a and_o inflammable_a menstruum_n of_o common_a sulphur_n and_o other_o inflammable_a body_n the_o dissolution_n do_v not_o make_v for_o they_o so_o clear_o as_o they_o imagine_v for_o if_o such_o menstruum_n operate_v as_o be_v allege_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o body_n they_o work_v upon_o of_o a_o sulphureous_a nature_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o high_o rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o according_a to_o they_o must_v be_v of_o a_o most_o sulphureous_a nature_n since_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n it_o will_v flame_v all_o away_o without_o leave_v one_o drop_n behind_o it_o will_v not_o unless_o perhaps_o after_o a_o tedious_a while_n dissolve_v even_o flower_n of_o brimstone_n which_o essential_a as_o well_o as_o express_v oil_n will_v easy_o take_v up_o as_o spirit_n of_o wine_n itself_o also_o will_v do_v almost_o in_o a_o trice_n if_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v anon_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o alcali_n the_o texture_n of_o the_o brimstone_n be_v alter_v though_o the_o only_a thing_n that_o be_v add_v to_o the_o sulphur_n be_v a_o incombustible_a substance_n be_v nothing_o near_o of_o so_o sulphureous_a a_o nature_n as_o the_o flower_n and_o need_n have_v no_o consanguinity_n upon_o the_o score_n of_o its_o origine_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n as_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o salt_n of_o tartar_n have_v since_o i_o have_v try_v that_o fix_v nitre_n employ_v instead_o of_o it_o will_v do_v the_o same_o exper._n xvi_o the_o mention_n of_o nitre_n bring_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o the_o salt_n peter_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o chemist_n as_o a_o very_a inflammable_a body_n oughts_z according_a to_o they_o to_o be_v of_o a_o very_a sulphureous_a nature_n yet_o we_o find_v not_o that_o it_o be_v in_o chemical_a oil_n but_o in_o water_n ready_o dissolve_v and_o whereas_o chemist_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o solution_n of_o alcaly_n such_o as_o salt_n of_o tartar_n or_o of_o pot-ash_n in_o common_a oil_n proceed_v from_o the_o great_a cognation_n between_o they_o i_o demand_v whence_o it_o happen_v that_o salt_n of_o tartar_n will_v by_o boil_a be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o express_a oil_n of_o almond_n or_o of_o olive_n and_o be_v reduce_v with_o it_o to_o a_o soapy_a body_n and_o that_o yet_o with_o the_o essential_a oil_n of_o juniper_n or_o aniseed_n etc._n etc._n where_o what_o they_o call_v the_o sulphur_n be_v make_v pure_a and_o penetrant_fw-la be_v free_v from_o the_o earthy_a aqueous_a and_o feculent_a part_n which_o distillation_n discover_v to_o be_v in_o the_o express_a oil_n you_o may_v boil_v salt_n of_o tartar_n twenty_o time_n as_o long_o without_o make_v any_o soap_n of_o they_o or_o perhaps_o any_o sensible_a solution_n of_o the_o alkaly_n and_o chemist_n know_v how_o difficult_a it_o be_v and_o how_o unsuccessful_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v attempt_v to_o dissolve_v pure_a salt_n of_o tartar_n in_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n by_o digest_v the_o not_o peculiar_o prepare_v salt_n in_o the_o cognate_n menstruum_fw-la i_o will_v not_o urge_v that_o though_o the_o most_o conspicuous_a mark_n of_o sulphur_n be_v inflammability_n and_o be_v in_o a_o eminent_a degree_n to_o be_v find_v in_o oil_n as_o well_o as_o sulphur_n yet_o a_o alkaly_a and_o water_n which_o be_v neither_o single_o nor_o unite_a inflammable_a will_v dissolve_v common_a sulphur_n exper._n xvii_o but_o to_o make_v it_o probable_a against_o the_o chemist_n for_o i_o propose_v it_o but_o as_o a_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la that_o the_o solution_n of_o sulphur_n in_o express_a oil_n depend_v upon_o somewhat_o else_o beside_o the_o abundance_n of_o the_o second_o principle_n in_o both_o the_o body_n i_o will_v add_v to_o what_o i_o say_v before_o a_o affirmation_n of_o divers_a chemical_a writer_n themselves_o who_o reckon_v aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o be_v plain_o a_o saline_n menstruum_fw-la and_o dissolve_v copper_n iron_n coral_n etc._n etc._n like_o acid_n liquor_n among_o the_o solvent_n of_o sulphur_n and_o by_o that_o power_n among_o other_o thing_n distinguish_v it_o from_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o there_o be_v a_o congruity_n betwixt_o a_o express_a oil_n and_o another_o body_n though_o it_o be_v such_o as_o by_o its_o easy_a dissolubleness_n in_o acid_n salt_n chemist_n shall_v pronounce_v to_o be_v of_o a_o saline_a nature_n a_o express_a oil_n will_v ready_o enough_o work_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o have_v try_v by_o digest_v even_o crude_a copper_n in_o file_n with_o oil_n of_o sweet_a almond_n which_o take_v up_o so_o much_o of_o the_o metal_n as_o to_o be_v deep_o colour_v thereby_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o corrosive_a liquor_n nay_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o even_o with_o milk_n as_o mild_a a_o liquor_n as_o it_o be_v i_o have_v find_v by_o trial_n that_o without_o the_o help_n of_o fire_n a_o kind_n of_o dissolution_n may_v though_o not_o in_o few_o hour_n be_v make_v of_o crude_a copper_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o greenish_a blue_a colour_n the_o file_n acquire_v when_o they_o have_v be_v well_o drench_v in_o the_o liquor_n and_o leave_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n in_o the_o vessel_n where_o the_o air_n have_v very_o free_a access_n to_o they_o exper._n xviii_o beside_o the_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la new_o draw_v from_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la it_o may_v be_v proper_a enough_o to_o urge_v another_o of_o the_o same_o
nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o helmont_n write_n have_v be_v late_o allege_v against_o their_o hypothesis_n i_o consider_v how_o slight_a account_n they_o be_v wont_n to_o give_v we_o even_o of_o the_o familiar_a phaenomena_n of_o corrosive_a liquor_n for_o if_o for_o example_n you_o ask_v a_o vulgar_a chemist_n why_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la dissolve_v silver_n and_o copper_n it_o be_v great_a odds_o but_o he_o will_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o fret_a salt_n that_o be_v in_o it_o and_o have_v a_o cognation_n with_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o metal_n and_o if_o you_o ask_v he_o why_o spirit_n of_o salt_n dissolve_v copper_n he_o will_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o yet_o if_o you_o put_v spirit_n of_o salt_n though_o very_o strong_a to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la this_o liquor_n will_v not_o dissolve_v silver_n because_o upon_o the_o mixture_n the_o liquor_n acquire_v a_o new_a gonstitution_n as_o to_o the_o saline_n particle_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o the_o mixture_n will_v dissolve_v instead_o of_o silver_n gold_n whence_o we_o may_v argue_v against_o the_o chemist_n that_o the_o inability_n of_o this_o compound_a liquor_n to_o work_v on_o silver_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o its_o be_v weaken_a by_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n as_o well_o because_o according_a to_o they_o gold_n be_v far_o the_o more_o compact_a metal_n of_o the_o two_o and_o require_v a_o more_o potent_a menstruum_fw-la to_o work_v upon_o it_o as_o because_o this_o same_o compound_a liquor_n will_v ready_o dissolve_v copper_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n with_o this_o experiment_n i_o shall_v allege_v divers_a other_o if_o i_o think_v this_o the_o fit_a place_n wherein_o i_o can_v propose_v they_o sect_n ii_o about_o the_o mechanical_a origine_fw-la of_o corrosibility_n corrosibility_n be_v the_o quality_n that_o answer_v corrosiveness_n he_o that_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o advertisement_n i_o former_o give_v about_o my_o use_n of_o the_o term_n corrosiveness_n section_n in_o these_o note_n may_v easy_o judge_v in_o what_o sense_n i_o employ_v the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o quality_n which_o whether_o you_o will_v style_v it_o opposite_a or_o conjugate_v for_o want_v of_o a_o better_a word_n i_o call_v corrosibility_n this_o corrosibility_n of_o body_n be_v as_o well_o as_o their_o corrosiveness_n a_o relative_n thing_n as_o we_o see_v that_o gold_n for_o instance_n will_v not_o be_v dissolve_v by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la but_o will_v by_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la whereas_o silver_n be_v not_o soluble_a by_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o menstruum_n but_o be_v by_o the_o former_a and_o this_o relative_a affection_n on_o who_o account_n a_o body_n come_v to_o be_v corrodible_a by_o a_o menstruum_fw-la seem_v to_o consist_v chief_o in_o three_o thing_n which_o all_o of_o they_o depend_v upon_o mechanical_a principle_n of_o these_o qualification_n the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o body_n to_o be_v corrode_v be_v furnish_v with_o pore_n of_o such_o a_o bigness_n and_o figure_n that_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o solvent_a may_v enter_v they_o and_o yet_o not_o be_v much_o agitate_a in_o they_o without_o give_v brisk_a knock_n or_o shake_v to_o the_o solid_a part_n that_o make_v up_o the_o wall_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o of_o the_o pore_n and_o it_o be_v for_o want_v of_o this_o condition_n that_o glass_n be_v penetrate_v in_o a_o multitude_n of_o place_n but_o not_o dissipate_v or_o dissolve_v by_o the_o incident_a beam_n of_o light_n which_o permeate_n its_o pore_n without_o any_o considerable_a resistance_n and_o though_o the_o pore_n and_o commissure_v of_o a_o body_n be_v less_o minute_n and_o capable_a of_o let_v in_o some_o grosser_n corpuscle_n yet_o if_o these_o be_v for_o want_v of_o solidity_n or_o rigidness_n too_o flexible_a or_o be_v of_o a_o figure_n incongruous_a to_o that_o of_o the_o pore_n they_o shall_v enter_v the_o dissolution_n will_v not_o ensue_v as_o it_o happen_v when_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v in_o the_o cold_a put_v upon_o salt_n of_o tartar_n or_o when_o aqua_n fortis_fw-la be_v put_v upon_o powder_n of_o sulphur_n the_o second_o qualification_n of_o a_o corrodible_a body_n be_v that_o its_o consistent_a corpuscle_n be_v of_o such_o a_o bulk_n and_o solidity_n as_o do_v not_o render_v they_o uncapable_a of_o be_v disjoin_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o insinuate_a corpuscle_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la agreeable_a to_o this_o and_o the_o former_a observation_n be_v the_o practice_n of_o chemist_n who_o oftentimes_o when_o they_o will_v have_v a_o body_n to_o be_v wrought_v on_o by_o a_o menstruum_fw-la otherwise_o too_o weak_a for_o it_o in_o its_o crude_a estate_n dispose_v it_o to_o receive_v the_o action_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la by_o previous_o open_v it_o as_o they_o speak_v that_o be_v by_o enlarge_a the_o pore_n make_v a_o comminution_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n or_o weaken_v their_o cohesion_n and_o we_o see_v that_o divers_a body_n be_v bring_v by_o fit_a preparation_n to_o be_v resoluble_a in_o liquor_n that_o will_v not_o work_v on_o they_o before_o thus_o as_o be_v late_o note_v limestone_n by_o calcination_n become_v in_o part_n dissoluble_a in_o water_n and_o some_o metalline_a calces_fw-la will_n be_v so_o wrought_v on_o by_o solvent_n as_o they_o will_v not_o be_v by_o the_o same_o agent_n if_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o metalline_a or_o other_o body_n have_v not_o give_v they_o a_o new_a disposition_n thus_o though_o crude_a tartar_n especial_o in_o lump_n be_v very_o slow_o and_o difficult_o dissoluble_a in_o cold_a water_n yet_o when_o it_o be_v burn_v it_o may_v be_v present_o dissolve_v in_o that_o liquor_n and_o thus_o though_o the_o file_n and_o the_o calx_fw-la of_o silver_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o dissolve_v by_o common_a water_n or_o spirit_n of_o wine_n yet_o if_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o saline_n particle_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la the_o lunar_a corpuscle_n be_v so_o disjoin_v and_o suffer_v such_o a_o comminution_n as_o they_o do_v in_o crystal_n of_o lune_fw-fr the_o metal_n thus_o prepare_v and_o bring_v with_o its_o saline_n additament_n into_o a_o new_a texture_n will_v easy_o enough_o dissolve_v not_o only_o in_o water_n but_z as_o i_o have_v try_v in_o well_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o the_o like_a solubility_n i_o have_v find_v in_o the_o crystal_n of_o lead_n make_v with_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n or_o good_a distil_a vinegar_n and_o in_o those_o of_o copper_n make_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la the_o last_o disposition_n to_o corrosibility_n consist_v in_o such_o a_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o a_o body_n be_v make_v up_o as_o be_v not_o too_o strict_a to_o be_v superable_a by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la this_o condition_n though_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o former_a be_v yet_o somewhat_o differ_v from_o it_o since_o a_o body_n may_v consist_v of_o part_n either_o bulky_a or_o solid_a which_o yet_o may_v touch_v one_o another_o in_o such_o small_a portion_n of_o their_o surface_n as_o to_o be_v much_o more_o easy_o dissociable_a than_o the_o minute_n or_o less_o solid_a part_n of_o another_o body_n who_o contact_n be_v more_o full_a and_o close_o and_o so_o their_o cohesion_n more_o strict_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o may_v seem_v probable_a that_o as_o i_o former_o intimate_v the_o corrosibility_n of_o body_n be_v but_o a_o mechanical_a relation_n result_v from_o the_o mechanical_a affectious_a and_o contexture_n of_o its_o part_n as_o they_o intercept_v pore_n of_o such_o size_n and_o figure_n as_o make_v they_o congruous_a to_o those_o of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o pierce_v between_o they_o and_o disjoin_v they_o that_o the_o quality_n that_o dispose_v the_o body_n it_o affect_v to_o be_v dissolve_v by_o corrosive_n and_o other_o menstruum_n do_v as_o have_v be_v declare_v in_o many_o case_n depend_v upon_o the_o mechanical_a texture_n and_o affection_n of_o the_o body_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o menstruum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o work_v upon_o it_o may_v be_v make_v very_o probable_a by_o what_o we_o be_v in_o due_a place_n to_o deliver_v concern_v the_o pore_n of_o body_n and_o figure_n of_o corpuscle_n but_o yet_o in_o compliance_n with_o the_o design_n of_o these_o note_n and_o agreeable_o to_o my_o custom_n on_o other_o subject_n i_o shall_v subjoin_v a_o few_o experiment_n on_o this_o occasion_n also_o exper._n i._n if_o we_o put_v high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o crude_a sulphur_n or_o even_a flower_n of_o sulphur_n the_o liquor_n will_v lie_v quiet_o thereon_o especial_o in_o the_o cold_a for_o many_o hour_n and_o day_n without_o make_v any_o visible_a solution_n of_o it_o and_o if_o such_o exact_o dephlegm_v spirit_n be_v put_v on_o very_o dry_a salt_n of_o tartar_n the_o salt_n will_v lie_v in_o a_o
undissolved_a powder_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o yet_o if_o before_o any_o liquor_n be_v employ_v the_o sulphur_n be_v gentle_o melt_v and_o then_o the_o alkali_n of_o tartar_n be_v by_o degree_n put_v to_o it_o and_o incorporate_v with_o it_o as_o there_o will_v result_v a_o new_a texture_n discoverable_a to_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o new_a colour_n of_o the_o composition_n so_o there_o will_v emerge_n a_o disposition_n that_o be_v not_o before_o in_o either_o of_o the_o ingredient_n to_o be_v dissolve_v by_o spirit_n of_o wine_n insomuch_o that_o though_o the_o mixture_n be_v keep_v till_o it_o be_v quite_o cold_a or_o long_o after_o too_o provide_v it_o be_v careful_o secure_v from_o the_o access_n of_o the_o air_n the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v put_v to_o it_o and_o shake_v with_o it_o will_n if_o you_o have_v go_v to_o work_v aright_o acquire_v a_o yellow_a tincture_n in_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o perhaps_o in_o less_o than_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n a_o red_a one_o be_v rich_o impregnate_v with_o sulphureous_a particle_n discoverable_a by_o the_o smell_n taste_v and_o divers_a operation_n exper._n ii_o it_o be_v know_v to_o several_a chemist_n that_o spirit_n of_o salt_n do_v not_o dissolve_v crude_a mercury_n in_o the_o cold_a and_o i_o remember_v i_o keep_v they_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n in_o no_o contemptible_a heat_n without_o find_v any_o solution_n follow_v but_o i_o suppose_v many_o of_o they_o will_v be_v gratify_v by_o a_o experiment_n once_o mention_v to_o i_o by_o a_o ingenious_a german_a gentleman_n namely_o that_o if_o mercury_n be_v precipitate_v per_fw-la se_fw-la that_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o red_a powder_n without_o additament_n by_o the_o mere_a operation_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o texture_n will_v be_v so_o change_v that_o the_o abovementioned_a spirit_n will_v ready_o dissolve_v it_o for_o i_o find_v it_o upon_o trial_n to_o do_v so_o nay_o sometime_o so_o ready_o that_o i_o scarce_o remember_v that_o i_o ever_o see_v any_o menstruum_fw-la so_o nimble_o dissolve_v any_o metalline_a body_n whatsoever_o exper._n iii_o the_o former_a experiment_n be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a because_o that_o though_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n will_v in_o a_o good_a heat_n corrode_v quicksilver_n as_o we_o have_v already_o relate_v in_o the_o first_o section_n yet_o i_o remember_v i_o keep_v a_o precipitate_v per_fw-la se_fw-la for_o divers_a hour_n in_o a_o considerable_a degree_n of_o heat_n without_o find_v it_o to_o be_v dissolve_v or_o corrode_v by_o the_o menstruum_fw-la and_o yet_o have_v for_o trial_n sake_n put_v another_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o mercurial_a powder_n into_o some_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o spirit_n of_o nitre_n there_o ensue_v a_o speedy_a dissolution_n even_o in_o the_o cold_a and_o that_o this_o disposition_n to_o be_v dissolve_v by_o spirit_n of_o salt_n that_o mercury_n acquire_v by_o be_v turn_v into_o precipitate_v per_fw-la se_fw-la that_o be_v by_o be_v calcine_v be_v not_o mere_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o fire_n upon_o it_o but_o of_o some_o change_n of_o texture_n produce_v by_o that_o operation_n may_v be_v probable_o argue_v from_o hence_o that_o whereas_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v a_o very_a proper_a menstruum_fw-la as_o i_o have_v often_o try_v for_o the_o dissolve_v of_o iron_n or_o steel_n yet_o when_o that_o metal_n be_v reduce_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fire_n especial_o if_o a_o kind_n of_o vitrification_n and_o a_o irroration_n with_o distil_a vinegar_n have_v precede_v to_o crocus_n martis_n though_o it_o be_v thereby_o bring_v to_o a_o very_a fine_a powder_n yet_o i_o find_v not_o that_o as_o spirit_n of_o salt_n will_v ready_o and_o with_o heat_n and_o noise_n dissolve_v file_n of_o mars_n so_o it_o will_v have_v the_o same_o or_o any_o thing_n near_o such_o a_o operation_n upon_o the_o crocus_n but_o rather_o after_o a_o good_a while_n it_o will_v leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n a_o considerable_a if_o not_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o scarce_o if_o at_o all_o sensible_o alter_v and_o the_o menstruum_fw-la seem_v rather_o to_o have_v extract_v a_o tincture_n than_o make_v a_o ordinary_a solution_n since_o the_o colour_n of_o it_o be_v a_o high_a yellow_a or_o red_a whereas_o mars_n dissolve_v in_o spirit_n of_o salt_n afford_v a_o green_a solution_n whether_o by_o repeat_v operation_n with_o fresh_a menstruum_fw-la further_o dissolution_n may_v in_o time_n be_v make_v i_o have_v not_o occasion_n to_o try_v and_o it_o may_v suffice_v for_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o mars_n by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v evident_o acquire_v not_o as_o mercury_n have_v do_v a_o manifest_a facility_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o great_a indisposition_n to_o be_v dissolve_v by_o spirit_n of_o salt_n to_o second_v this_o experiment_n we_o vary_v it_o by_o employ_v instead_o of_o spirit_n of_o salt_n strong_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n which_o be_v pour_v on_o a_o little_a crocus_n martis_n make_v per_fw-la se_fw-la do_v not_o as_o that_o menstruum_fw-la be_v wont_a to_o do_v upon_o file_n of_o crude_a mars_n ready_o and_o manifest_o fall_v upon_o the_o powder_n with_o froth_n and_o noise_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a rest_v for_o divers_a hour_n calm_o upon_o it_o without_o so_o much_o as_o produce_v with_o it_o any_o sensible_a warmth_n exper._n iu._n it_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o our_o doctrine_n about_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o corrosibility_n of_o body_n upon_o their_o texture_n that_o from_o divers_a body_n whilst_o they_o be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o other_o there_o result_v mass_n and_o those_o homogeneous_a as_o to_o sense_n that_o be_v easy_o dissoluble_a in_o liquor_n in_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o matter_n if_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o dissolve_v thus_o we_o see_v that_o common_a vitriol_n be_v easy_o dissolve_v in_o mere_a water_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v skilful_o calcine_v it_o will_v yield_v sometime_o near_o half_a its_o first_o weight_n of_o insipid_a colcothar_n which_o not_o only_o be_v not_o soluble_a in_o water_n but_o which_o neither_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la no_n aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la though_o sometime_o they_o will_v colour_v themselves_o upon_o it_o be_v able_a as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v try_v to_o make_v solution_n of_o we_o see_v likewise_o that_o simple_a water_n will_v be_v boil_v for_o a_o competent_a time_n with_o hartshorn_n dissolve_v it_o and_o make_v a_o jelly_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o when_o we_o have_v take_v hartshorn_n thorough_o calcine_v to_o whiteness_n not_o only_o we_o find_v that_o common_a water_n be_v no_o long_o a_o fit_a solvent_a for_o it_o but_o we_o observe_v that_o when_o we_o put_v oil_n of_o vitriol_n itself_o upon_o it_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o white_a powder_n be_v even_o by_o that_o corrosive_n menstruum_fw-la leave_v undissolved_a exper._n v._n in_o the_o fifteen_o of_o the_o forego_n experiment_n i_o refer_v to_o a_o way_n of_o make_v the_o flower_n or_o powder_n of_o common_a sulphur_n become_v easy_o dissoluble_a which_o otherwise_o it_o be_v far_o from_o be_v in_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v now_o add_v that_o it_o be_v quick_o perform_v by_o gentle_o melt_v the_o sulphur_n and_o incorporate_n with_o it_o by_o degree_n a_o equal_a or_o a_o great_a weight_n of_o sine_o powder_a salt_n of_o tartar_n or_o of_o fix_a nitre_n for_o if_o the_o mixture_n be_v put_v warm_a into_o a_o mortar_n that_o be_v so_o too_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n be_v put_v into_o a_o glass_n and_o well_o shake_v with_o pure_a spirit_n of_o wine_n it_o will_v as_o perhaps_o i_o may_v have_v elsewhere_o observe_v in_o a_o few_o minute_n acquire_v a_o yellow_a colour_n which_o afterward_o will_v grow_v deep_o and_o manifest_v itself_o by_o the_o smell_n and_o effect_n to_o be_v a_o real_a solution_n of_o sulphur_n and_o yet_o this_o solubleness_n in_o spirit_n of_o wine_n seem_v procure_v by_o the_o change_n of_o texture_n result_v from_o the_o commixtion_n of_o mere_a salt_n of_o tartar_n which_o chemist_n know_v to_o their_o trouble_n to_o be_v itself_o a_o body_n almost_o as_o difficult_a as_o sulphur_n to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o phlegmless_a spirit_n of_o wine_n unless_o the_o constitution_n of_o it_o be_v first_o alter_v by_o some_o convenient_a additament_n which_o last_o word_n i_o add_v because_o though_o spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n be_v a_o menstruum_fw-la that_o use_v to_o come_v off_o in_o distillation_n much_o more_o entire_o than_o other_o acid_a menstruum_n from_o the_o body_n it_o have_v dissolve_v yet_o it_o will_v serve_v well_o for_o a_o additament_n to_o open_v as_o the_o chemist_n speak_v the_o body_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o tartar_n for_o this_o purpose_n i_o employ_v spirit_n of_o verdigrease_n not_o make_v
first_o with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n and_o then_o of_o wine_n after_o the_o long_a and_o laborious_a way_n prescribe_v by_o basilius_n and_o zwelfer_n but_o easy_o and_o expeditious_o by_o a_o simple_a distillation_n of_o crude_a verdigrease_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n for_o when_o you_o have_v with_o this_o liquor_n be_v if_o there_o be_v need_n once_o rectify_v dissolve_v as_o much_o good_a salt_n of_o tartar_n as_o it_o will_v take_v up_o in_o the_o cold_a if_o you_o draw_v off_o the_o menstruum_fw-la ad_fw-la siccitatem_fw-la the_o remain_v dry_a salt_n will_v be_v manifest_o alter_v in_o texture_n even_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o will_v ready_o enough_o in_o high_a rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n afford_v a_o solution_n which_o i_o have_v find_v considerable_a in_o order_n to_o divers_a use_n that_o concern_v not_o our_o present_a discourse_n exper._n vi_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o follower_n of_o helmont_n i_o shall_v recommend_v a_o experiment_n of_o that_o famous_a chymist_n which_o seem_v to_o suit_v exceed_v well_o with_o the_o doctrine_n propose_v in_o this_o section_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o if_o by_o a_o subtle_a menstruum_fw-la to_o which_o he_o ascribe_v that_o power_n quicksilver_n be_v devest_v or_o deprive_v of_o its_o external_a sulphur_n as_o he_o term_v it_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fluid_a metal_n which_o he_o witty_o enough_o style_n the_o kernel_n of_o mercury_n will_v be_v no_o long_o corrosible_a by_o it_o so_o that_o upon_o this_o supposition_n though_o common_a quicksilver_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o obnoxious_a to_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o that_o liquor_n will_v dissolve_v more_o of_o it_o than_o of_o any_o other_o metal_n yet_o if_o by_o the_o deprivation_n of_o some_o portion_n of_o it_o the_o latent_fw-la texture_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v alter_v though_o not_o that_o i_o remember_v the_o visible_a appearance_n of_o it_o the_o body_n that_o be_v before_o so_o easy_o dissolve_v by_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la cease_v to_o be_v at_o all_o dissoluble_a by_o it_o exper._n vii_o as_o for_o those_o chemist_n of_o differ_v sect_n that_o agree_v in_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o strange_a thing_n that_o be_v affirm_v of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o alkahe_a we_o may_v in_o favour_n of_o our_o doctrine_n urge_v they_o with_o what_o be_v deliver_v by_o helmont_n where_o he_o assert_n that_o all_o solid_a body_n as_o stone_n mineral_n and_o metal_n themselves_o by_o have_v this_o liquor_n due_o abstract_v or_o distil_v off_o from_o they_o may_v be_v change_v into_o salt_n equiponderant_a to_o the_o respective_a body_n whereon_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v put_v so_o that_o suppose_v the_o alkahe_a to_o be_v total_o abstract_v as_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a to_o be_v since_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o be_v draw_v off_o be_v not_o alter_v what_o other_o change_n than_o of_o texture_n can_v be_v reasonable_o imagine_v to_o have_v be_v make_v in_o the_o transmute_v body_n and_o yet_o divers_a of_o they_o as_o flint_n ruby_n sapphire_n gold_n silver_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v insoluble_a before_o some_o of_o they_o in_o any_o know_a menstruum_n and_o other_o in_o any_o but_o corrosive_a liquor_n come_v to_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v dissolve_v in_o common_a water_n exper._n viii_o it_o be_v a_o remarkable_a phaenomenon_n that_o suit_v very_o well_o with_o our_o opinion_n about_o the_o interest_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n in_o the_o corrosive_a power_n of_o menstruum_n and_o the_o corrosibility_n of_o body_n that_o we_o produce_v by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n this_o we_o purposely_o make_v to_o show_v after_o how_o differ_v manner_n the_o same_o body_n may_v be_v dissolve_v by_o two_o menstruum_n who_o minute_n part_n be_v very_o differ_o constitute_v and_o agitate_a for_o whereas_o it_o be_v know_v that_o if_o we_o put_v large_a grain_n of_o sea-salt_n into_o common_a water_n they_o will_v be_v dissolve_v therein_o calm_o and_o silent_o without_o any_o appearance_n of_o conflict_n if_o we_o put_v such_o grain_n of_o salt_n into_o good_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n that_o liquor_n will_v fall_v surious_o upon_o they_o and_o produce_v for_o a_o good_a while_o a_o hiss_a noise_n with_o fume_n and_o a_o great_a store_n of_o bubble_n as_o if_o a_o potent_a menstruum_fw-la be_v corrode_a some_o stubborn_a metal_n or_o mineral_n and_o this_o experiment_n i_o the_o rather_o mention_v because_o it_o may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o we_o on_o divers_a other_o occasion_n for_o else_o it_o be_v not_o the_o only_a though_o it_o be_v the_o remarkabl_a that_o i_o make_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n exper._n ix_o for_o whereas_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la or_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la be_v pour_v upon_o file_n of_o copper_n will_v work_v upon_o they_o with_o much_o noise_n and_o ebullition_n i_o have_v try_v that_o good_a spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a or_o urine_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o like_a file_n and_o leave_v there_o without_o stop_v the_o glass_n will_v quick_o begin_v to_o work_v on_o they_o and_o quiet_o dissolve_v they_o almost_o as_o water_n dissolve_v sugar_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o even_o with_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n i_o have_v though_o but_o slow_o dissolve_v crude_a copper_n and_o the_o experiment_n seem_v to_o favour_v our_o conjecture_n the_o more_o because_o have_v try_v it_o several_a time_n it_o appear_v that_o common_a unrectify_v oil_n will_v perform_v the_o solution_n much_o quick_a than_o that_o which_o be_v purify_v and_o subtilise_v by_o rectification_n which_o though_o more_o subtle_a and_o penetrant_fw-la yet_o be_v it_o seem_v on_o that_o account_n less_o fit_a to_o dissolve_v the_o metal_n than_o the_o grosser_n oil_n who_o particle_n may_v be_v more_o solid_a or_o more_o advantageous_o shape_v or_o on_o some_o other_o mechanical_a account_n better_o qualify_v for_o the_o purpose_n exper._n x._o take_v good_a silver_n and_o have_v dissolve_v it_o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la precipitate_v it_o with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o good_a spirit_n of_o salt_n then_o have_v wash_v the_o calx_fw-la which_o will_v be_v very_o white_a with_o common_a water_n and_o dry_v it_o well_o melt_v it_o with_o a_o moderate_a fire_n into_o a_o fusible_a mass_n which_o will_v be_v very_o much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o chemist_n call_v cornu_fw-la lunae_fw-la and_o which_o they_o make_v by_o precipitate_v dissolve_v silver_n with_o a_o bare_a solution_n of_o common_a salt_n make_v in_o common_a water_n and_o whereas_o both_o spirit_n of_o salt_n and_o silver_n dissolve_v in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_n each_o of_o they_o apart_o ready_o dissolve_v in_o simple_a water_n our_o luna_n cornea_n not_o only_o will_v not_o do_v so_o but_o be_v so_o indispose_v to_o dissolution_n that_o i_o remember_v i_o have_v keep_v it_o in_o digestion_n some_o in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o some_o in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la and_o that_o for_o a_o 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the_o body_n it_o be_v to_o work_v upon_o that_o which_o depend_v upon_o the_o mechanical_a affection_n of_o one_o or_o both_o be_v much_o to_o be_v consider_v and_o have_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o operation_n of_o one_o of_o the_o body_n upon_o the_o other_o finis_fw-la of_o the_o mechanical_a cause_n of_o chemical_a precipitation_n by_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boyle_n esq_n fellow_n of_o the_o r._n society_n london_n print_v by_o e._n flesher_n for_o r._n davis_n bookseller_n in_o oxford_n 1675._o advertisement_n though_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v that_o in_o grammatical_a strictness_n precipitation_n shall_v be_v reckon_v among_o chemical_a operation_n not_o quality_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o much_o scruple_n to_o insert_v the_o follow_a discourse_n among_o the_o note_n about_o particular_a quality_n because_o many_o if_o not_o most_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n mention_v in_o the_o ensue_a essay_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o depend_v some_o of_o they_o
though_o there_o be_v both_o acid_n and_o alcalizate_a salt_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o either_o acid_a spirit_n or_o oil_n of_o tartar_n or_o even_o spirit_n of_o urine_n will_v precipitate_v the_o dissolve_a substance_n and_o i_o have_v observe_v both_o that_o salt_n of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n will_v precipitate_v body_n out_o of_o the_o same_o menstruum_fw-la as_o not_o only_a salt_n of_o tartar_n but_o sea-salt_n be_v dissolve_v will_v precipitate_v each_o other_o and_o each_o of_o they_o apart_o will_v precipitate_v silver_n out_o of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o that_o even_o where_o there_o be_v a_o confess_a contrariety_n betwixt_o two_o liquor_n it_o may_v be_v so_o order_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o shall_v precipitate_v what_o be_v dissolve_v by_o the_o other_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o give_v ere_o long_o a_o remarkable_a instance_n but_o it_o will_v best_o appear_v that_o the_o abovemention_v theory_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o 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much_o weaken_v that_o prove_v a_o occasion_n to_o the_o metalline_a corpuscle_n disturb_v in_o the_o former_a motion_n that_o keep_v they_o separate_v to_o make_v occursion_n and_o coalition_n among_o themselves_o and_o their_o fall_n become_v the_o effect_n though_o not_o equal_o so_o of_o both_o way_n of_o precipitation_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n there_o be_v several_a occasion_n on_o which_o the_o same_o precipitant_n that_o bring_v the_o swim_a particle_n of_o the_o metal_n to_o stick_v to_o one_o another_o do_v likewise_o by_o mortify_v or_o disable_n the_o saline_a spirit_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o solvent_a weaken_v the_o sustain_a power_n of_o that_o liquor_n chap._n iii_o to_o descend_v now_o to_o the_o distinct_a consideration_n about_o these_o two_o way_n the_o first_o of_o the_o most_o genera_fw-la cause_n of_o precipitation_n be_v such_o a_o cohaesion_n procure_v by_o the_o precipitant_n in_o the_o solution_n as_o make_v the_o compound_a corpuscle_n or_o at_o least_o the_o associate_v particle_n of_o the_o dissolve_a body_n too_o heavy_a to_o be_v sustain_v or_o too_o bulky_a to_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o state_n of_o fluidity_n by_o the_o liquor_n that_o in_o many_o precipitation_n there_o be_v make_v a_o coalition_n betwixt_o the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o precipitant_n and_o those_o of_o the_o dissolve_a metal_n or_o other_o body_n and_o frequent_o also_o with_o the_o saline_a spirit_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la may_v be_v easy_o show_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o precipitate_v which_o though_o careful_o wash_v and_o dry_v often_o surpass_v and_o sometime_o very_o considerable_o that_o of_o your_o crude_a metal_n that_o be_v dissolve_v of_o which_o we_o late_o give_v a_o instance_n in_o aurum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la and_o precipitate_v silver_n &_o we_o may_v yet_o give_v a_o more_o conspicuous_a one_o in_o that_o which_o chemist_n call_v luna_n cornea_n for_o if_o have_v dissolve_v silver_n in_o good_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la you_o precipitate_v it_o with_o the_o solution_n of_o sea-salt_n in_o fair_a water_n and_o from_o the_o very_a white_a precipitate_v wash_v the_o loose_a adhere_a salt_n the_o remain_a powder_n be_v dry_v and_o slow_o melt_v will_v look_v much_o less_o like_o a_o metalline_a body_n than_o like_o a_o piece_n of_o horn_n whence_o also_o it_o take_v its_o name_n so_o considerable_a be_v the_o additament_n of_o the_o saline_a to_o the_o metalline_a particle_n and_o that_o part_n of_o such_o additament_n be_v retain_v may_v not_o only_o be_v find_v by_o weigh_v but_o in_o divers_a case_n may_v be_v argue_v from_o what_o be_v obvious_a to_o the_o eye_n as_o if_o you_o dissolve_v mercury_n in_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o into_o the_o philtrated_a solution_n drop_v spirit_n of_o salt_n or_o salt-water_n or_o a_o urinous_a spirit_n as_o of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a you_o will_v have_v a_o very_a white_a precipitate_v but_o if_o instead_o of_o any_o of_o these_o you_o drop-in_a deliquated_a salt_n of_o tartar_n your_o precipitate_v will_n be_v of_o a_o brick_n or_o orange_n colour_n from_o which_o experiment_n and_o some_o other_o i_o will_v glad_o take_v a_o rise_n to_o persuade_v chemist_n and_o physician_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o indifferent_a as_o those_o seem_v to_o think_v who_o look_v on_o precipitation_n butas_fw-la a_o kind_n of_o comminution_n by_o what_o mean_v the_o precipitation_n be_v perform_v for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o strict_a adhesion_n of_o divers_a saline_a particle_n of_o the_o precipitant_n and_o the_o solvent_a the_o precipitate_v body_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o wont_a ablution_n may_v have_v its_o quality_n much_o diversify_v by_o those_o of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o liquor_n when_o these_o be_v fit_v to_o stick_v very_o fast_o to_o it_o which_o last_o word_n i_o add_v because_o though_o that_o sometime_o happen_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o always_o there_o be_v a_o geat_a difference_n than_o every_o body_n take_v notice_n of_o between_o precipitation_n as_o you_o will_v be_v induce_v to_o think_v if_o you_o precipitate_v the_o solution_n of_o silver_n with_o copper_n with_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a with_o salt_n water_n with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n with_o quicksilver_n with_o crude_a tartar_n and_o with_o zink_n and_o in_o the_o late_o propose_a example_n you_o will_v think_v it_o probable_a that_o it_o be_v not_o all_o one_o whether_o to_o dissolve_a mercury_n or_o silver_n you_o employ_v the_o subtle_a distil_a spirit_n of_o salt_n or_o the_o gross_a body_n whether_o in_o a_o dry_a form_n or_o bare_o dissolve_v in_o common_a water_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o conduciveness_n of_o weight_n to_o the_o strike_v down_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o a_o dissolve_a body_n that_o also_o the_o bulk_n of_o a_o body_n may_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o make_v it_o sink_v or_o swim_v in_o a_o liquor_n appear_v by_o obvious_a instance_n thus_o salt_n or_o sugar_n be_v put_v into_o water_n either_o in_o lump_n or_o even_o in_o powder_n that_o be_v but_o gross_a fall_v at_o first_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o lie_v there_o notwithstanding_o the_o air_n that_o may_v be_v intercept_v between_o its_o part_n or_o external_o adhere_v to_o it_o but_o when_o by_o the_o infinuate_a action_n of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v dissolve_v into_o minute_n particle_n these_o be_v carry_v up_o and_o down_o with_o those_o of_o the_o liquor_n and_o subside_o not_o the_o like_a happen_v when_o a_o piece_n of_o silver_n be_v cast_v into_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o in_o many_o other_o case_n on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o have_v several_a time_n observe_v that_o some_o body_n that_o have_v long_o swim_v in_o a_o menstruum_fw-la whilst_o their_o minute_n part_n be_v keep_v from_o convening_n in_o it_o do_v afterward_o by_o the_o coalition_n of_o many_o of_o those_o particle_n into_o body_n of_o a_o visible_a bulk_n coagulate_a and_o subside_o though_o sometime_o to_o hinder_v the_o evaporation_n of_o
be_v to_o work_v on_o as_o to_o be_v but_o just_a strong_a enough_o to_o dissolve_v it_o that_o great_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n to_o which_o before_o the_o shake_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o precipitant_n do_v not_o reach_v may_v well_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o fresh_a menstruum_fw-la which_o be_v able_a to_o mortify_v or_o overpower_v the_o small_a quantity_n of_o the_o precipitant_n that_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o and_o so_o to_o destroy_v its_o late_a operation_n on_o the_o body_n dissolve_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o solution_n return_v as_o to_z sense_n to_o its_o former_a state_n which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o not_o unpleasant_a experiment_n i_o remember_v i_o have_v long_o since_o make_v by_o precipitate_v a_o brick-coloured_n powder_n out_o of_o a_o strong_a solution_n of_o sublimate_n make_v in_o fair_a water_n for_o this_o subside_v matter_n be_v lay_v to_o dry_a in_o the_o philter_n by_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o water_n will_v retain_v a_o deep_a but_o somewhat_o dirty_a colour_n and_o if_o then_o put_v it_o into_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o wine_n glass_n i_o pour_v upon_o it_o either_o clear_a oil_n of_o vitriol_n or_o some_o other_o strong_a acid_n menstruum_fw-la the_o alcalizat_n particle_n be_v disable_v and_o swallow_v up_o by_o some_o of_o the_o acid_a one_o of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la the_o other_o acid_a one_o will_v so_o ready_o dissolve_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o powder_n that_o in_o a_o trice_n the_o colour_n of_o it_o will_v disappear_v and_o the_o whole_a mixture_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o clear_a liquor_n without_o any_o sediment_n at_o the_o bottom_n thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v at_o present_a about_o the_o first_o general_a way_n of_o precipitate_v body_n out_o of_o the_o liquor_n they_o swim_v in_o chap._n v._n the_o other_o of_o the_o two_o principal_a way_n by_o which_o precipitation_n may_v be_v effect_v be_v the_o disable_n of_o the_o solvent_a to_o sustain_v the_o dissolve_a body_n there_o may_v be_v many_o instance_n wherein_o this_o second_o way_n of_o effect_v precipitation_n may_v be_v associate_v by_o nature_n with_o the_o first_o way_n former_o propose_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o case_n wherein_o nature_n may_v as_o i_o former_o note_v employ_v both_o the_o way_n therein_o yet_o in_o most_o case_n they_o sufficient_o differ_v in_o regard_n that_o in_o the_o former_a way_n the_o subside_v of_o the_o dissolve_a body_n be_v chief_o if_o not_o only_o cause_v by_o the_o additional_a weight_n as_o well_o as_o action_n of_o the_o external_a precipitant_n whereas_o in_o most_o of_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o late_a way_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v either_o without_o salt_n of_o tartar_n or_o any_o such_o precipitant_n or_o by_o some_o other_o quality_n of_o the_o precipitant_n more_o than_o by_o its_o weight_n or_o at_o least_o beside_o the_o weight_n it_o add_v though_o i_o forget_v not_o that_o i_o late_o give_v a_o example_n of_o a_o shine_a powder_n of_o gold_n that_o fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o menstruum_fw-la without_o the_o help_n of_o a_o external_n precipitant_n but_o that_o be_v do_v so_o slow_o that_o it_o may_v be_v dispute_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o true_a precipitation_n and_o i_o allege_v it_o not_o as_o such_o but_o to_o show_v that_o the_o increase_v bulk_n of_o particle_n may_v make_v they_o unfit_a to_o swim_v in_o menstruum_n wherein_o they_o swim_v whilst_o they_o be_v more_o minute_n and_o the_o like_a answer_n may_v be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o precipitate_v per_fw-mi se_fw-mi new_o mention_v this_o premise_a i_o proceed_v now_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o general_a way_n i_o last_v propose_v contain_v in_o it_o several_a subordinate_a way_n that_o be_v more_o particular_a of_o which_o i_o shall_v now_o mention_v the_o chief_a that_o occur_v to_o i_o and_o though_o but_o brief_o illustrate_v each_o of_o they_o by_o example_n and_o first_o a_o precipitation_n may_v be_v make_v if_o the_o saline_a or_o other_o dissolve_v particle_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la be_v mortify_v or_o render_v unfit_a for_o their_o former_a function_n by_o particle_n of_o a_o precipitant_n that_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a nature_n thus_o gold_n and_o some_o other_o mineral_n be_v dissolve_v in_o aqua_fw-la regis_fw-la will_v be_v precipitate_v with_o spirit_n of_o urine_n and_o other_o such_o liquor_n abound_v with_o volatile_a and_o salino-sulphureous_a corpuscle_n upon_o who_o account_n it_o be_v that_o they_o act_n whence_o these_o salt_n themselves_o though_o cast_v into_o a_o menstruum_fw-la in_o a_o dry_a form_n will_v serve_v to_o make_v the_o like_a precipitation_n and_o i_o the_o rather_o on_o this_o occasion_n mention_v urinous_a spirit_n than_o salt_n of_o tartar_n because_o those_o volatile_a particle_n add_v much_o less_o of_o weight_n to_o the_o little_a concretion_n which_o compose_v the_o precipitate_v powder_n upon_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n many_o of_o the_o modern_a chemist_n have_v build_v that_o antipathy_n betwixt_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o solvent_a and_o those_o of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v almost_o all_o precipitation_n but_o against_o this_o i_o have_v represent_v something_o already_o and_o shall_v partly_o now_o and_o partly_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n add_v some_o far_a reason_n of_o my_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o this_o doctrine_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v insufficient_a to_o reach_v many_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o precipitation_n as_o will_v ere_o long_o be_v show_v and_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o make_v out_o that_o there_o be_v any_o real_a antipathy_n betwixt_o inanimate_a body_n i_o consider_v 1._o that_o some_o of_o those_o menstruum_n to_o which_o this_o antipathy_n be_v attribute_v do_v after_o a_o short_a commotion_n whereby_o they_o be_v dispose_v to_o make_v convenient_a occursion_n and_o coalition_n amicable_o unite_v into_o concretion_n participate_v of_o both_o the_o ingredient_n as_o i_o have_v somewhere_o show_v by_o a_o example_n purposely_o devise_v to_o make_v this_o out_o to_o do_v which_o i_o drop_v a_o clear_a solution_n of_o fix_a nitre_n instead_o of_o the_o usual_a one_o of_o common_a salt_n upon_o a_o solution_n of_o silver_n in_o aquafortis_n for_o the_o saline_a particle_n of_o the_o solvent_a and_o those_o of_o the_o precipitant_n will_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o recirecited_a for_o the_o most_o part_n friendly_a unite_v into_o such_o crystal_n of_o nitre_n for_o the_o main_a as_o they_o be_v obtain_v from_o and_o though_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o chemist_n if_o well_o explain_v be_v applicable_a to_o far_o more_o instance_n than_o the_o proposer_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v think_v on_o and_o may_v be_v make_v good_a use_n of_o in_o practice_n yet_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o true_a universal_o and_o where_o it_o be_v true_a aught_o to_o be_v explicate_v according_a to_o mechanical_a principle_n for_o if_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la and_o those_o of_o the_o precipitant_n be_v so_o frame_v that_o upon_o the_o action_n of_o the_o one_o upon_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v produce_v corpuscle_n too_o big_a and_o unwieldy_a to_o continue_v in_o the_o state_n of_o fludity_n there_o will_v ensue_v a_o precipitation_n but_o if_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o precipitate_v and_o of_o the_o dissolve_v body_n be_v such_o that_o the_o precipitant_n also_o itself_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v a_o menstruum_fw-la to_o dissolve_v that_o body_n in_o then_o though_o there_o be_v a_o union_n of_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o precipitant_n and_o the_o metal_n or_o other_o solutum_fw-la and_o perhaps_o of_o the_o solvent_a too_o yet_o a_o precipitation_n will_v not_o necessary_o follow_v though_o the_o saline_a particle_n of_o the_o two_o liquor_n seem_v by_o the_o heat_n and_o ebullition_n excite_v between_o they_o upon_o their_o meeting_n to_o exercise_v a_o great_a and_o mutual_a antipathy_n to_o satisfy_v some_o ingenious_a man_n about_o this_o particular_a i_o dissolve_v zink_n or_o speltar_n in_o a_o certain_a urinous_a spirit_n for_o there_o be_v more_o than_o one_o that_o may_v serve_v the_o turn_n and_o then_o put_v to_o it_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o a_o proper_a acid_a spirit_n but_o though_o there_o will_v be_v a_o manifest_a conflict_n thereby_o occasion_v betwixt_o the_o two_o liquor_n yet_o the_o speltar_n remain_v dissolve_v in_o the_o mixture_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o for_o the_o same_o purpose_n i_o devise_v another_o experiment_n which_o be_v somewhat_o more_o easy_a and_o more_o clear_a i_o dissolve_v copper_n calcine_v pierce_v or_o even_o crude_a in_o strong_a spirit_n of_o salt_n for_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o proper_a and_o have_v put_v to_o it_o by_o degree_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o spirit_n of_o sal-armoniac_a or_o fermented_a urine_n though_o there_o will_v be_v a_o
be_v fit_v for_o so_o strict_a a_o union_n that_o the_o corpuscle_n result_v from_o their_o coalition_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n as_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v carry_v up_o and_o down_o with_o they_o whether_o because_o of_o the_o minuteness_n of_o these_o compound_a corpuscle_n or_o because_o of_o some_o congruity_n betwixt_o they_o and_o those_o of_o the_o water_n they_o will_v not_o be_v precipitate_v out_o of_o the_o weaken_a solution_n but_o still_o continue_v a_o part_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v try_v partly_o with_o some_o solution_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n make_v in_o acid_a menstruum_n but_o much_o more_o satisfactory_o in_o solution_n of_o copper_n make_v in_o the_o urinous_a spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a for_o though_o that_o blue_a solution_n be_v dilute_v with_o many_o thousand_o time_n as_o much_o distil_a water_n as_o the_o dissolve_a metal_n weigh_v yet_o its_o swim_a corpuscle_n do_v by_o their_o colour_n manifest_o appear_v to_o be_v disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a liquor_n chap._n vii_o but_o to_o prosecute_v our_o former_a discourse_n which_o we_o break_v off_o after_o the_o mention_n of_o mercurius_n vitæ_fw-la it_o will_v now_o be_v seasonable_a to_o add_v that_o we_o have_v make_v divers_a other_o precipitation_n by_o the_o bare_a affusion_n of_o water_n out_o of_o solution_n and_o sometime_o out_o of_o distil_a liquor_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o here_o omit_v that_o i_o may_v hasten_v to_o the_o last_o way_n i_o shall_v now_o stay_v to_o mention_v another_o way_n then_o whereby_o precipitation_n of_o body_n may_v be_v produce_v by_o debilitate_v the_o menstruum_fw-la they_o swim_v in_o be_v by_o lessen_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o solvent_a to_o the_o solutum_fw-la without_o any_o evaporation_n of_o the_o liquor_n these_o last_o word_n i_o add_v because_o that_o when_o there_o be_v a_o obstruction_n or_o any_o other_o expulsion_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la by_o heat_n if_o it_o be_v total_a it_o be_v call_v exsiccation_n as_o when_o dry_a salt_n of_o tartar_n be_v obtain_v from_o the_o filtrated_a lixivium_n of_o the_o calcine_v tartar_n and_o though_o the_o evaporation_n be_v not_o total_a yet_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v not_o wont_a to_o be_v reckon_v among_o precipitation_n and_o although_o the_o way_n i_o be_o about_o to_o propose_v if_o it_o be_v attentive_o consider_v have_v much_o affinity_n with_o the_o forego_n and_o the_o phaenomena_n may_v perhaps_o in_o some_o sort_n be_v reduce_v to_o they_o yet_o the_o instance_n that_o i_o shall_v name_v have_v not_o that_o i_o know_v be_v thought_n of_o by_o other_o and_o be_v such_o as_o every_o one_o will_v not_o deduce_v from_o what_o i_o have_v be_v mention_v i_o shall_v add_v a_o word_n of_o the_o inducement_n i_o have_v to_o make_v the_o trial_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o success_n of_o they_o consider_v then_o that_o water_n will_v not_o dissolve_v salt_n indefinite_o but_o when_o it_o have_v receive_v its_o due_a proportion_n it_o will_v then_o dissolve_v no_o more_o but_z if_o they_o be_v put_v into_o it_o let_v they_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o continue_v undissolved_a and_o that_o if_o when_o water_n be_v satiate_v any_o of_o the_o liquor_n be_v evaporate_v or_o otherwise_o waste_v it_o will_v in_o proportion_n let_v fall_v the_o salt_n it_o have_v already_o take_v up_o i_o conclude_v that_o if_o i_o can_v mingle_v with_o water_n any_o liquor_n with_o which_o its_o particle_n will_v more_o ready_o associate_v than_o with_o those_o of_o salt_n the_o deprive_v the_o solution_n of_o so_o many_o of_o its_o aqueous_a particle_n will_v be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o evaporation_n of_o as_o much_o water_n or_o thereabouts_o as_o they_o by_o be_v unite_v can_v compose_v wherefore_o make_v a_o lixivium_n of_o distil_a water_n or_o clean_a rain-water_n and_o of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n so_o strong_a that_o if_o a_o grain_n more_o be_v cast_v in_o it_o it_o will_v lie_v undissolved_a at_o the_o bottom_n i_o put_v a_o quantity_n of_o this_o fiery_a lixivium_n into_o a_o slender_a cylindrical_a vessel_n till_o it_o have_v therein_o reach_v such_o a_o height_n as_o i_o think_v fit_a then_o take_v as_o much_o as_o i_o think_v sufficient_a of_o strong_a spirit_n of_o wine_n that_o will_v burn_v every_o drop_n away_o that_o so_o it_o may_v have_v no_o phlegm_n nor_o water_n of_o its_o own_o i_o pour_v this_o upon_o the_o saline_a solution_n and_o shake_v the_o liquor_n pretty_a well_o together_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o mix_v as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v i_o lay_v the_o tube_n in_o a_o quiet_a place_n and_o afterward_o find_v as_o i_o expect_v that_o there_o be_v a_o pretty_a quantity_n of_o white_a salt_n of_o tartar_n fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o salt_n have_v be_v mere_o forsake_v by_o the_o aqueous_a particle_n that_o sustain_v it_o before_o but_o forsake_v it_o to_o pass_v into_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n wherewith_o they_o be_v more_o dispose_v to_o associate_v themselves_o which_o i_o conclude_v because_o have_v before_o i_o pour_v on_o this_o last_o name_v liquor_n make_v a_o mark_n on_o the_o glass_n to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o lixivium_n reach_v i_o find_v what_o i_o look_v for_o that_o after_o the_o precipitation_n the_o lixivium_n that_o remain_v yet_o strong_a enough_o to_o continue_v unmix_v with_o the_o incumbent_a spirit_n have_v its_o surface_n not_o where_o the_o mark_n show_v it_o have_v be_v before_o but_o a_o considerable_a distance_n beneath_o it_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n have_v gain_v in_o extent_n what_o it_o lose_v in_o strength_n by_o receive_v so_o many_o aqueous_a particle_n into_o it_o i_o choose_v to_o make_v this_o trial_n rather_o with_o a_o lixivium_n of_o salt_n of_o tartar_n than_o with_o oil_n of_o tartar_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la because_o in_o this_o last_o name_v liquor_n the_o aqueous_a and_o saline_a particle_n be_v more_o close_o combine_v and_o therefore_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v separate_v than_o i_o think_v they_o will_v be_v in_o a_o lixivium_n hasty_o make_v though_o very_o strong_a and_o though_o by_o much_o agitation_n i_o have_v sometime_o obtain_v some_o salt_n of_o tartar_n from_o the_o abovementioned_a oil_n yet_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v nothing_o near_o so_o well_o with_o that_o liquor_n as_o with_o a_o lixivium_n i_o make_v also_o the_o like_a trial_n with_o exceed_o dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o as_o strong_a a_o brine_n as_o i_o can_v make_v of_o common_a salt_n dissolve_v without_o heat_n in_o common_a water_n and_o i_o thereby_o obtain_v no_o despicable_a proportion_n of_o fine_o figure_v salt_n that_o be_v let_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o this_o experiment_n to_o be_v successful_a require_v great_a care_n in_o he_o that_o make_v it_o than_o the_o former_a needs_o to_o confirm_v and_o somewhat_o to_o vary_v this_o way_n of_o precipitation_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v make_v a_o clear_a solution_n of_o choice_n gum_n arabic_n in_o common_a water_n and_o pour_v upon_o it_o a_o little_a high_a rectify_a spirit_n of_o wine_n on_o this_o occasion_n there_o be_v also_o make_v and_o that_o in_o a_o trice_n a_o copious_a precipitation_n of_o a_o light_n and_o pure_o white_a substance_n not_o unpleasant_a to_o behold_v and_o for_o further_a confirmation_n i_o dissolve_v a_o full_a proportion_n of_o myrrh_n in_o fair_a water_n and_o into_o the_o filtrated_a solution_n which_o be_v transparent_a but_o of_o a_o high_a brown_a colour_n i_o drop_v a_o large_a proportion_n which_o circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v of_o careful_o dephlegm_v spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o according_a to_o expectation_n make_v a_o copious_a precipitate_v of_o the_o gum._n and_o these_o instance_n i_o the_o rather_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n because_o they_o seem_v to_o show_v that_o simple_a water_n be_v a_o real_a menstruum_fw-la which_o may_v have_v its_o dissolve_v and_o sustain_v virtue_n weaken_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o liquor_n that_o be_v not_o doubt_v to_o be_v much_o strong_a than_o it_o by_o specify_v the_o hitherto_o mention_a way_n whereby_o precipitation_n may_v be_v mechanical_o perform_v and_o account_v for_o i_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v think_v to_o deny_v that_o there_o may_v be_v some_o omit_v here_o which_o either_o other_o that_o shall_v consider_v the_o matter_n with_o more_o attention_n or_o i_o myself_o if_o i_o shall_v have_v leisure_n to_o do_v it_o may_v think_v on_o for_o i_o propose_v these_o but_o as_o the_o chief_a that_o occur_v to_o my_o present_a thought_n and_o i_o forbear_v to_o add_v more_o instance_n to_o exemplify_v they_o because_o i_o will_v not_o injure_v some_o of_o my_o other_o paper_n that_o have_v a_o great_a right_n to_o those_o instance_n only_o this_o i_o shall_v note_v in_o general_n that_o the_o doctrine_n
objection_n we_o have_v make_v against_o the_o vulgar_a chemical_a doctrine_n may_v as_o i_o late_o intimate_v be_v apply_v by_o a_o little_a variation_n to_o this_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v need_v but_o to_o touch_v upon_o the_o main_a thing_n that_o keep_v i_o from_o acquiesce_v in_o this_o hypothesis_n chap._n ii_o and_o first_o it_o seem_v precarious_a to_o affirm_v that_o in_o all_o body_n or_o even_o in_o all_o the_o sensible_a part_n of_o mixt_n acid_n and_o alcalizate_a part_n be_v find_v there_o not_o have_v be_v that_o i_o know_v any_o experimental_a induction_n make_v of_o particular_n any_o thing_n near_o numerous_a enough_o to_o make_v out_o so_o great_a a_o assertion_n and_o in_o divers_a body_n wherein_o experience_n be_v vouch_v for_o the_o inexistence_n of_o these_o principle_n that_o inexistence_n be_v indeed_o prove_v not_o by_o direct_a and_o clear_a experience_n but_o upon_o a_o supposition_n that_o such_o and_o such_o effect_n flow_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o assume_v principle_n some_o spagyrist_n when_o they_o see_v aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la dissolve_v file_n of_o copper_n conclude_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o acid_n spirit_n of_o the_o menstruum_fw-la meet_v in_o the_o metal_n with_o a_o alcali_n upon_o which_o they_o work_v which_o be_v but_o a_o unsafe_a way_n of_o argue_v since_o good_a spirit_n of_o urinal_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o volatile_a alcali_n and_o which_o will_v make_v a_o great_a conflict_n with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o note_v dissolve_v file_n of_o copper_n both_o ready_o enough_o and_o more_o genuinly_a than_o the_o acid_n liquor_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v so_o when_o they_o see_v the_o magistery_n of_o pearl_n or_o coral_n make_v by_o drop_a oil_n of_o tartar_n into_o the_o solution_n of_o those_o body_n make_v with_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n they_o ascribe_v the_o precipitation_n to_o the_o fix_a alcali_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o mortify_v the_o acidity_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o vinegar_n whereas_o the_o precipitation_n will_v no_o less_o ensue_v if_o instead_o of_o alcalizat_n oil_n of_o tartar_n we_o employ_v that_o high_o acid_a liquor_n which_o they_o call_v oleum_fw-la sulphuris_fw-la per_fw-la campanam_fw-la i_o think_v also_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o those_o i_o reason_n with_o be_v so_o certain_a as_o they_o suppose_v that_o at_o least_o when_o they_o can_v manifest_o discover_v a_o acid_n for_o instance_n in_o a_o body_n the_o operation_n of_o that_o body_n upon_o another_o which_o they_o judge_v to_o abound_v with_o a_o alcali_n must_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o conflict_n between_o those_o two_o jar_a principle_n or_o if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o duelist_n for_o a_o acid_n body_n may_v do_v many_o thing_n not_o simple_o as_o a_o acid_n but_o on_o the_o score_n of_o a_o texture_n or_o modification_n which_o endow_n it_o with_o other_o quality_n as_o well_o as_o acidity_n who_o be_v associate_v with_o those_o other_o quality_n in_o some_o case_n may_v be_v but_o accidental_a to_o the_o effect_n to_o be_v produce_v since_o by_o one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o other_o quality_n the_o body_n may_v act_v in_o case_n where_o prejudice_n may_v make_v a_o chemist_n consider_v nothing_o but_o acidity_n thus_o when_o some_o chemist_n see_v a_o acid_n menstruum_fw-la as_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o salt_n oil_n of_o vitriol_n etc._n etc._n dissolve_v iron_n they_o present_o ascribe_v the_o effect_n to_o a_o acidity_n of_o the_o liquor_n whereas_o well_o dephlegm_v urinous_a spirit_n which_o they_o hold_v to_o have_v a_o great_a antipathy_n to_o acid_n will_n as_o i_o have_v try_v in_o some_o of_o they_o ready_o enough_o dissolve_v crude_a iron_n even_o in_o the_o cold._n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n mercury_n will_v not_o work_v on_o the_o file_n of_o iron_n though_o this_o be_v so_o open_a a_o metal_n that_o even_o weak_a liquor_n will_v do_v it_o and_o yet_o if_o one_o shall_v urge_v that_o quicksilver_n ready_o dissolve_v gold_n in_o amalgamation_n he_o may_v expect_v to_o be_v tell_v according_a to_o their_o doctrine_n that_o mercury_n have_v in_o it_o a_o occult_a acid_n by_o which_o it_o perform_v the_o solution_n whereas_o it_o seem_v much_o more_o probable_a that_o mercury_n have_v corpuscle_n of_o such_o a_o shape_n and_o size_n as_o fit_v they_o to_o insinuate_v themselves_o into_o the_o commensurate_a pore_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o gold_n but_o make_v they_o unfit_a to_o enter_v ready_o the_o pore_n of_o iron_n to_o which_o nature_n have_v not_o make_v they_o congruous_a as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o saline_a corpuscle_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_n easy_o find_v admission_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o iron_n but_o not_o into_o those_o of_o gold_n to_o which_o they_o do_v not_o correspond_v as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o other_o and_o when_o a_o knife_n who_o blade_n be_v touch_v with_o a_o loadstone_n cut_v bread_n and_o take_v up_o file_n of_o 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modification_n and_o particular_o to_o some_o change_n of_o texture_n introduce_v into_o the_o mercury_n itself_o and_o that_o you_o may_v think_v this_o the_o less_o improbable_a i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o some_o instance_n whereof_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v this_o that_o have_v put_v a_o mixture_n make_v of_o a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o two_o dry_a as_o well_o as_o volatile_a body_n viz._n sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o flower_n or_o very_o fine_a powder_n of_o sulphur_n to_o half_a its_o weight_n of_o common_a run_a mercury_n and_o elevate_v this_o mixture_n three_o or_o four_o time_n from_o it_o in_o a_o convenient_o shape_v and_o not_o over-wide_a glass_n the_o mercury_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o ponderous_a and_o somewhat_o purplish_a powder_n be_v by_o this_o operation_n so_o fix_v that_o it_o long_o endure_v a_o strong_a fire_n which_o at_o length_n be_v make_v so_o strong_a that_o it_o melt_v the_o glass_n and_o keep_v it_o melt_v without_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o force_v up_o the_o mercury_n which_o by_o some_o trial_n not_o so_o proper_a to_o be_v here_o mention_v seem_v to_o have_v its_o salivate_a and_o emetic_n power_n extraordinary_o infringe_v and_o sometime_o quite_o suppress_v but_o this_o only_a upon_o the_o bye_n in_o all_o the_o other_o instance_n wherewith_o i_o shall_v conclude_v these_o note_n i_o shall_v employ_v one_o menstruum_fw-la oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o show_v you_o the_o efficacy_n of_o it_o in_o fix_v some_o part_n of_o volatile_a body_n with_o some_o part_n of_o itself_o by_o which_o example_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o volatile_a body_n may_v not_o only_o lessen_v the_o volatility_n of_o another_o body_n as_o in_o the_o late_o mention_v case_n of_o our_o spirituous_a sal_fw-la ammoniac_a but_o that_o two_o substance_n that_o apart_o be_v volatile_a may_v compose_v a_o three_o that_o will_v not_o only_o be_v less_o volatile_a but_o considerable_o if_o not_o altogether_o fix_v we_o mix_v then_o by_o degree_n about_o equal_a part_n of_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n and_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o though_o each_o of_o they_o single_a especial_o the_o latter_a will_v ascend_v with_o a_o moderate_a fire_n in_o a_o sand-furnace_n yet_o after_o the_o distillation_n be_v end_v we_o have_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n sometime_o if_o i_o mis-rememb_a not_o a_o five_o or_o six_o part_n of_o a_o caput_n mortuum_n black_a as_o a_o coal_n and_o whereof_o a_o great_a part_n be_v of_o a_o scarce_o to_o be_v expect_v fixtness_n in_o the_o fire_n to_o give_v a_o high_a proof_n of_o the_o disposition_n that_o oil_n of_o vitriol_n have_v to_o let_v some_o of_o its_o part_n grow_v fix_v by_o combination_n with_o those_o of_o a_o exceed_o volatile_a additament_n i_o mix_v this_o liquor_n with_o a_o equal_a or_o double_a weight_n of_o high_o rectify_v spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o not_o only_o after_o but_o sometime_o without_o previous_a digestion_n i_o find_v that_o the_o fluid_a 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associate_v particle_n whether_o volatile_a or_o not_o become_v fix_v but_o either_o to_o implicate_v or_o entangle_v they_o among_o themselves_o or_o bring_v they_o to_o touch_v one_o another_o according_a to_o large_a portion_n of_o their_o surface_n or_o by_o both_o these_o way_n conjoint_o or_o by_o some_o other_o to_o procure_v the_o firm_a cohaesion_n of_o so_o many_o particle_n that_o the_o result_a corpuscle_n be_v too_o big_a or_o heavy_a to_o be_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o fire_n wherein_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v fix_v drive_v up_o into_o the_o air._n finis_fw-la experiment_n and_o note_n about_o the_o mechanical_a origine_fw-la or_o production_n of_o corrosiveness_n and_o corrosibility_n by_o the_o honourable_a robert_n boyle_n esq_n fellow_n of_o the_o r._n society_n london_n print_v by_o e._n flesher_n for_o r._n davis_n bookseller_n in_o oxford_n 1675._o experiment_n and_o note_n about_o the_o mechanical_a production_n of_o corrosiveness_n and_o corrosibility_n sect_n i._o about_o the_o mechanical_a origine_fw-la of_o corrosiveness_n i_o do_v not_o in_o the_o follow_a note_n treat_v of_o corrosiveness_n in_o their_o strict_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n who_o ascribe_v this_o quality_n only_o to_o liquor_n that_o be_v notable_o acid_a or_o sour_a such_o as_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la spirit_n of_o salt_n vinegar_n juice_n of_o lemon_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o overlook_v unnous_a oleous_a and_o divers_a other_o solvent_n or_o to_o coin_v new_a name_n for_o their_o differ_v solutive_a power_n i_o presume_v to_o employ_v the_o word_n corrosiveness_n in_o a_o great_a lautude_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o almost_o equivalent_a to_o the_o solutive_a power_n of_o liquor_n refer_v other_o menstruum_n to_o those_o that_o be_v corrosive_a or_o fret_a though_o not_o always_o as_o to_o the_o most_o proper_a yet_o as_o to_o the_o principal_a and_o best_a know_a