Selected quad for the lemma: spirit_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
spirit_n	abate_v	salt_n	sulphur_n	33	3	10.4250	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

the Sun yet here fishes and other Creatures feed and plants grow and consequently that cannot be a chief ingredient in nutrition which may be wanting There is something else in Mr He●shaw that lookes like an Argument by the introduction FOR. For all abound with such a volatile Salt fixed and Oil as Petre doth I cannot tell how to forme this Argument and yet convince the world that I do not injure him this passage is so extreamly ridiculous Yet I will endeavour it if it be but to shew the Logick of Ant ' Aristotelians and how much we owe to that providence which hath educated us better than to argue so The proposition he aimes at and would prove is That the Salt which is in vegetables and Animals is but the Nitre which is universally diffused through the Elements The medium or Argument by which he would prove it is is is harder to be found out than the meaning of Aristotle in his Acromaticks Let us consider it again That which I aim at then is That if the Spirit of the volatile Salt of Soot or of the Urin blood hornes hoofes haire excrements or indeed any part of Animals for all abound with such a volatile Salt fixed and Oile as Petre doth could by the same way viz as the redintegrated Nitre be reduced to Petre or some Nitrous Salt it would Excellently make out a Theory that I am much delighted with till I am convinced in it which is that the Salt which is found in vegetables and Animals is but the Nitre which is so universally diffused through all the El●ments and must therefore make a chief ingredient in their nutrition and by consequence of their generation a little altered from its first complexion Here is the Spirit of the volatile Salt of the parts of vegetables and Animals to be coagulated and transformed into Petre by the Spirit of Nitre Here is a volatile Salt fixed and Oile such as is in Petre mentioned to what purpose Here is a Salt spoken of to be found in Vegetables and Animals yet 't is not expressed whether it be the volatile or fixed Salt yet these two are different and those that abound with volatile Salt are more the Physick than the food of man Well I have spent half an hour to frame a Sorites or any tolerable Argument out of these words but I cannot do it but I will adventure to give our Philosophers this advise that they would take our English word FOR into their serious consideration and abolish the use of it as the French Academy at Paris did Car. Before I have done with this History I shall shew that this Intimation was but necessary for them To proceed How doth it appear that Salt-Petre abounds with a volatile Salt fixed and Oile In the regenerated Nitre which Glauber makes to be the best there is nothing but Alcali and the Spirit of Nitre in the Nitre which is generated by the mixture of the Spirit of Urin and Spirit of Nitre there is no such thing In the distillation of Nitre there is nothing but Spirit inseperate from Phlegme and its Alcali and as there is no Oile there so I hope he would not have us take the Alcali for a volatile Salt fixed In the making of Salt-Petre there is found indeed something that seems Oily and greasy but that is Excrementitious and so farr from being a constitutive part of it that it must be Separated from it as Mr. Henshaw knowes before Salt-Petre can be made and the great contrivance is how to separate it So Glauber in Prosper German part 3. pag. 43. alias enim pinguedinem nimiam contrahit lixivium nec ullum Salgenerabitur From the mention of this Oile I must take an occasion to tell the world how superficially our Virtuoso writes the History of Nitre I could suggest many curiosities from the severall liquors in the making of Salt-Petre But I have not time to discourse of the Mothers of Petre not how that grease being lodged in the ashes those ashes being exposed to the Sun at Warwick did in one or two daies produce visible Nitre on the top of the ashes so that in few daies those ashes become fit to be Elixiviated into raw liquors which were before but to make a Lixivium to purge the liquors that had boiled I shall only touch at an Experiment which may not be unwelcome to the Honourable Mr. Boyle I took of the Mothers that had stood long and were exceeding Oily I powred four spoonfulls of them into a large Venice-glass half full of water This greasy liquor sunke to the bottom instantly without altering the tast or colour of the water at all so that the top was clear water the bottom of a reddish colour as bilious Urin only on the surface of the water and in the middle there did flote several very small bubbles of the colour of water having let this stand a day I took a Solution of the Alcali of Salt-Petre which though of a greenish blew yeilded a lympid liquor upon filtration and poured two or three spoonfulls into the mixture of Mothers and water immediately the whole liquor turn'd Lacteous or White but the colour presently contracted it self into a white en●orema or suspensum such as is to be seen in healthfull Urin and so floted above the surface of the Mothers the next morning I found as it were a powder fallen to the bottom which I stirred up to the top whereupon the whole liquor up to the top of the water was turbid I let it stand all night and this morning the whole liquor from top to bottom is of one colour and that exactly of a Limon-colour or like old Hoccomar-wine on the top there seems to float thin coagulations of fat with some variety of colours such as one may often see on small waters that stand in Moorish grounds the liquor is nothing ●igh so acrimonious and purigent as the Mothers were and all of it is as greasy as the Mothers were when Separate hanging on the finger as Oile and not like water at all at the bottom of the Glass there lies a Yellow-sediment as 't were powder which upon agitation will not rise of it self but must be stirred up with something and then resembles the white Hypostasis of Urin with capillary filaments enterveaving each other And How doth it appear that Urin doth abound with a volatile Salt fixed and Oile I do not understand what he meanes by his volatile Salt fixed by what is it fixed to what degree volatile Salts are sometimes so fixed as only to abate not alter the volatility as the volatile Salt of vipers in Zwelfer and the volatile Salt of Harts-horn of which I keep some with rectified Spirit of Salt Sometimes they are so fixed as to loose the nature of Salt and to become insipid and indissoluble as when volatile Salts are mixed with Lime-water There are a sort of Salts which Zwelfer calls Salia Essentialia

coagulated into a body of the consistence of butter in the heat of Summer it gathered no Ic● at all the colour became less citrine but still pellucid I set it after some days to thaw which it did immediately before the fire but came not to its former fluidity but like oyle after that it coagulated with the warmth before the fire and seemed exactly like to boyled Turpentine but that it wanted the smell it would not flame at all though crackled much as salt yet I brought it to ignition I did also take some Hogs blood again and poured on the Mothers of Peter it mixed not only after some days some filamentary corpuscles subsided unto the middle of the liquor the colour at first was a pale bastard scarlet but after a day it turned to a darkish red and so continued many days and in its primitive fluidity it suffering not any alteration but being as fluid as when it first issued from the veins it stood in the window all the frost not changing or freezing at all No more did another pottinger of my blood that was mixed with the liquor of Peter which had past the ashes but that last blood turned very blackish In fire notwithstanding any thing I have done or purposed about the nature of blood I do now desist from the Enquiry the result of my thoughts being this that there is a continual va●iation in the blood upon every disease and often without it during a state of health that the blood of Individuals of the same kinde differs not only from it self but in each other individual that no man can by reason of this consideration know what he would transfuse nor what it is he would rectifie In a word that 't is most prndential to insist upon Experienced Methods in Physick and that all phancies about spirit salt sulphur fermentative fires in th● heart occasioned by heterogeneous mixtures and the explications of the operations of Medicaments by the n●w Philosophers either Chymical or others ar● all vain and cannot be allowed as a ground of practice till justified by successful trials seeing that not only the suppositions are false but whilst the blood is sub diminio animae effects upon it are different from what when it is separate and I think I may thence conclude rationally that 't is not conceivabl● that the fabrick of our bodies is purely Mechanical for the liquors would have the same effect on the blood in the body and without which they have not A REVIEW of the precedent Discourse against Mr. GLANVILL AFter I had written the present Discourse I was so unwilling to give any offence to the world and so apprehensive lest my just indignation for the affront Mr. Glanvill had put upon my Faculty should transport m● beyond all fitting moderation that I desired a Friend without further advising with me to blot out whatever h● might in prudence think equitable by reason of his great cautiousness as well as thorough that great haste and continual interruptions wherein the Treatise was penned I finde several passages either omitted totally or not sufficiently explained so as that I could not acquiesce in the publicati●● thereof without some few additions partly to prevent som● cavills that might though weakly be raised against it and partly to put every thing past dispute hereafter that so I might not have any further occasion to write against our Virtuos● nor his Abettors have any thing to do but to call in his Libell against the Physicians and do some reasonable justice to those he had so arrogantly and injuriously insulted over I desire my Reader to pardon me if I have not in some circumstantial embellishmeats and regularity of procedure answered his expectation since in the main I am sure I have out-done it Whereas I charge Mr. Glanvill page 2. with not having read the Authors which he mentions These words Who can chuse but smile when he reads how Apuleius improved the Mathematicks after Euclide the whole passage should have run thus Who can choose but smile when he reads how Apuleius improved Arithmetick All that Apuleius did was to to translate something about Arithmetick into Latine at such time as the Latines had no other Numerals then L. M.D.C c. And by reason of this performance of his doth Vossius give him a place amongst the Authors not improvers of Arithmetick and takes notice of him as the first that ever writ in Latine about that subject Upon which account it was judiciously done of Vossius to mention him there but Mr. Glanvill is grosly mistaken her● t● name him where he treats of such as advanced useful knowledge which a bare Translation doth not It is true Vossius saith of Apuleius Primus Arithmeticam Latinis literis illustravit which words import no more then I say and 't is manifest that what He did was but a Translation of Nichomachus So Cassiodorus d● mathem disciplinis cap. de Arithmetica Reliquae disciplinae indigent Arithmetica disciplina quam apud Graecos Nicomachos diligenter exposuit Hunc primum Madaurensis Apuleius deinde magnificus vir Boethius Latino sermone translatum Romanis contulit lectitandum The ●ame is asserted by Isidorus Hispalensis This might our Virtuoso have observed in Vossius when he read him and what Apuleius performed is so meanly thought of by Blanc●aus that in his Chronicles of Mathematicians he affords him no place though he mention the Arithmetical work of Boethius The imputation I fix upon Mr. Glanvill for not understanding what the Authors he mentions had writ and about his not having ever seen them is manifest to any man that shall not only trace him by Vossius but consider the ridiculous characters he fixeth upon the Writers alledged viz. Ptolomy of Alexandr●● made considerable improvements in Optics and Alhazenus the Arabian is famous for what he did in it From these Vitellio drew his and advanced the Science by his own wit and their helps Stevinus corrected Euclid Achazen and Vitellio in some fundamental Propositions ● that were mistakes and in the room substituted considerable inventions of his own Roger Bacon writ acutely of Opticks Any man will grant that he who gave so lame an account of these Authors never was acquainted with them nor understood particularly what they writ or added of their own invention whether new theoremes or different and new demonstrations of old known truths Whereas he saith that Roger Bacon was accused of Magick to Pope Clement the fourth and thereupon imprisoned but the accusation was founded on nothing but his skill in Mathematicks and the ignorance of his Accusers Assertions of this nature are not so easily passed by so many le●rned and judicious persons having reckoned him in the number of Magicians such are Ioannes Wierus and other Daemonographers That the said Writer might declaim against Magick or de●y the possibility of it and yet practise it is an usual procedure with that sort of people

and the next day the Fits recurred now and then but much milder and are since quite vanished The Maid she went the same day to stool four times and several times the next but by going into the Air and taking cold and not observing any diet cast her self away 'T is remarkable that it was common to all three to vomit soon after the injection and that extreamly and frequently I have not time to adde any more of these kind of trials but from hence it is evident that things operate where they do operate in the same manner in a lesser dose then when taken into the Stomach and with more violence That oftentimes such things as are innocently taken in to the Stomach are mortal when injected immediately into the blood That although learned Physicians have made little or no difference betwixt the op●ration of Oyle of Sulphur and that of Vitriol yet by this Experiment there is found to be a quite different effect So the Salt of Tartar which is as innocent as Salt of Wormwood or any such Salt had a pernicious effect upon the dog though discrepant from the others As to the Experiments of Dr. Fabritius they do not give much of Encouragement to the Trial for the one died which had the most of youth and though her death be attributed to other circumstances and neglects yet either those are irivial or for some unknown length of time there must be greater care then ordinarily after Physick otherwise small accidents become mortal And th● extreme and frequent vomitings which here happen from the sufferings of the Heart and not the Stomack render the course more hazardous to tender Stomachs and weak Constitutions then Mr. Glanvill suggests So that the loathings of the Stomach are not prevented by this way nor the success very inviting how speedy soever upon those Experiments any more then from the Churlish Physick of the ancient and moderate Chymists of Mr. Odored's party which wise-men will not imitate I wonder the laxative Solutions were not set down that we might judge of their strength and that the way of di●ting and ordering of them afterwards was omitted whereas the knowledge thereof might avail to prevent the ill consequence which befel the Maid I shall now consider the effects which the several Liquors have upon a 〈◊〉 with the blood ● when taken warm in a Pottinger and those a●●u●ed to it This is a Practice which the Honourable Mr. Robert Boyle imparted to the Royal Society in December 1664. and thinks that Eracassati may have taken his hint from it to inject those Liquors ● but I finde a Letter from Leyden sent to Bartholinus Dated Ian. 9. 1662. in which there are several E●periments of that kind which I shall set down presently If I placed any great value upon the Experiment I could put in for the Practiser of it at Stratford upon Avon in 1660● and prove that I made some Solutions of Salt of Ash Salt of Wormwood and Salt of Tartar and received the blood of sheep into the glasses in which they were to try the differences betwixt those Salts whether they were of the same nature so that it was indifferent whether one used Salt of Wormwood Garduus Benedictus Yarrow or Mugwort or that there were any difference Which last Angela Sala denies though other Chymists affirm it But a●ter that I had enquired into that Controversie by several ways I went to Iamaica and neglected the Experiment But since that I see that every unprofitable trifle becomes a famous and noble Experiment and if it bring no present Emolu●●●● y●t at least it becomes Luciferous and as they say puts us in the Prospect of several great advantages at least more and greater things will be disclosed by it when future ingenuity and diligence hath improved and perfected the invention Since that time I have made many Essays about the mixture of sundry Liquors with the blood of Sheep Lambs Calves Cows Oxen Hogs Poultry and that in several manners I have received the blood of several ●●●atures upon warm solutions of sundry Salts of Allom impure Salt-peter Sal Prunellae Salt of Nitre upon solution of the several Vitriols upon Steel wine Vomitive mine Sack French wine and Malaga upon spirit of mine spirit of Cider and spirit of the grounds of Beer ● upon warm Urine upon mixtures with spirit of Vitriol and oyl of Sulphur and Iuice of Lemons and Oranges upon the rare liquor o● Salt-peter upon it after it hath passed the Ashes and upon the Mothers of it and many other trials with oyle of Wormwood Amber c. dissolved in spirit of wine I have also poured upon the Mass after it hath coagulated several acid spirits before and after the Serum was separated from it I have also taken the separated Serum and affused spirit of Vitriol to some to others spirits of Harts-horn and other spirituous waters and I have affused to those that had a mixture of the spirit of Harts-horn some acid spirits and other liquors to see the changes I shall not now set down the several Phaenomena and observations I made not having leisure to digest them all nor being willing to dismember a discourse I intend about the nature of blood and Phlebo●omy in which I shall not only treat of all these things but adde many other observations from the burning of blood and the Serum which any man may do without feeling any thing by sympathy notwithstanding the whimseys of Helmont and that great Virtuoso Sir Kenelme Digby I have done it fourty-times in Men Women and Children to observe those varieties in blood which never entred into the heads of our Experimentators ● Though Dr. Walter Needham my learned School-fellow a Member of the Society deny that blood will burn Carbonibus injectus sanguis flammam non facile concipit sed potius torretur in grumum Yet if any one please but to take a piece of the coagulated Mass of blood and lay it on a Fire shovell and so place it in an hot fire that the coales arch round about it but touch it not after he hath observed the great variety of its intumescence and the ●rackling of divers salts as it were decrepitating it will take flame commonly when dry and burn with a great variety of Phaenomena some will not flame at all though brought to ignition there will be also variety in the remaining Cinis as to its saltness In the like manner set the Serum to coagulate on the coals and then burn it I have also burned the blood and Serum after it hath been mixed with acid liquors By this trial will appear more then can be imagined as to the differences of the blood of Animals and of young and old Animals I will endea●our to finish that Tractate wherein there will be observations about the colour of blood and melancholique and pituitous and crimson parts and a certain pellicle which generates by the Air on the top of most