from_o body_n therefore_o some_o have_v be_v so_o foolish_a as_o to_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o action_n or_o accident_n of_o that_o body_n in_o which_o it_o be_v but_o a_o real_a substance_n by_o itself_o and_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o 373._o when_o a_o man_n be_v dead_a and_o bury_v they_o will_v say_v his_o soul_n that_o be_v his_o life_n can_v walk_v separate_v from_o the_o body_n and_o be_v see_v by_o night_n among_o the_o grave_n whereas_o life_n be_v only_o a_o name_n of_o nothing_o 372._o and_o the_o soul_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v in_o reality_n nothing_o else_o but_o the_o result_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o organical_a part_n of_o his_o body_n organici_fw-la it_o be_v like_o the_o form_n and_o quality_n of_o other_o thing_n depend_v pure_o on_o the_o mechanism_n modification_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n according_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v various_o dispose_v figure_v and_o agitate_a and_o consequent_o it_o can_v be_v nothing_o at_o all_o distinct_a from_o that_o body_n who_o form_n or_o quality_n it_o be_v and_o this_o soul_n or_o mind_n or_o any_o other_o faculty_n or_o quality_n in_o man_n come_v once_o to_o be_v conceive_v as_o a_o thing_n distinct_a from_o the_o body_n and_o be_v invisible_a and_o insensible_a have_v be_v call_v by_o such_o name_n as_o we_o use_v to_o give_v to_o fine_a subtle_a and_o aereal_a body_n such_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d spiritus_fw-la and_o the_o like_a which_o do_v proper_o signify_v the_o wind_n or_o which_o be_v near_o akin_a to_o it_o the_o breath_n of_o man_n 208._o and_o so_o mr._n hobbs_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o order_n to_o express_v our_o great_a honour_n of_o god_n the_o name_n of_o spirit_n have_v be_v give_v to_o he_o likewise_o as_o better_o express_v to_o vulgar_a apprehension_n his_o fine_a aereal_a and_o subtle_a nature_n than_o the_o grosser_n word_n of_o body_n but_o however_o philosopher_n and_o man_n of_o sense_n must_v take_v care_n and_o not_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o insignificant_a word_n so_o far_o as_o to_o imagine_v there_o can_v in_o reality_n be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o incorporeal_a substance_n for_o that_o be_v when_o thorough_o consider_v a_o absolute_a contradiction_n and_o nonsense_n it_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o empty_a name_n with_o which_o some_o poor_a wretch_n be_v fright_v as_o the_o bird_n be_v from_o the_o corn_n by_o a_o empty_a doublet_n a_o hat_n and_o a_o crooked_a stick_n 373._o as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o express_v himself_o and_o this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o what_o this_o mighty_a philosopher_n advance_v against_o immaterial_a substance_n spinoza_n be_v the_o only_a man_n beside_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o that_o aim_v at_o disprove_v the_o existence_n of_o incorporeal_a being_n which_o in_o his_o opera_fw-la posthuma_fw-la he_o pretend_v demonstrative_o to_o do_v but_o his_o chief_a and_o indeed_o only_a argument_n be_v this_o as_o i_o hint_v before_o that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a substance_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o be_v god_n matter_n or_o body_n he_o assert_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o attribute_n of_o this_o substance_n or_o the_o mode_n by_o which_o god_n be_v consider_v as_o res_fw-la extensa_fw-la from_o whence_o he_o conclude_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o substance_n but_o what_o be_v corporeal_a because_o body_n be_v a_o essential_a property_n of_o his_o one_o only_a substance_n the_o divine_a nature_n the_o precariousness_n of_o which_o obscure_a and_o metaphysical_a way_n of_o argue_v i_o shall_v plain_o show_v below_o and_o thus_o have_v give_v you_o the_o sum_n of_o what_o these_o writer_n advance_v against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o incorporeal_a substance_n i_o shall_v next_o proceed_v to_o refute_v it_o and_o to_o show_v you_o how_o weak_a and_o inconclusive_a their_o argument_n and_o objection_n be_v in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a precarious_a and_o groundless_a way_n of_o argue_v to_o deny_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n only_o from_o our_o particular_a apprehension_n and_o conception_n not_o be_v able_a to_o master_v it_o for_o it_o will_v not_o in_o the_o least_o follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o incorporeal_a substance_n or_o a_o spirit_n because_o some_o few_o man_n pretend_v that_o they_o can_v conceive_v how_o any_o such_o thing_n can_v possible_o be_v and_o i_o have_v already_o show_v sermon_n that_o we_o have_v very_o just_a reason_n to_o allow_v the_o truth_n of_o and_o to_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o many_o thing_n who_o nature_n neither_o we_o nor_o perhaps_o any_o one_o else_o can_v full_o understand_v and_o comprehend_v these_o gentleman_n pretend_v that_o they_o can_v conceive_v or_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o a_o incorporeal_a substance_n but_o yet_o they_o think_v i_o suppose_v that_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a idaea_n and_o conception_n of_o body_n though_o shall_v you_o put_v they_o to_o describe_v it_o they_o will_v be_v very_o much_o at_o a_o loss_n for_o as_o one_o have_v well_o observe_v mr._n lock_v in_o his_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n book_n 2._o c._n 23._o if_o we_o careful_o examine_v our_o idea_n of_o substance_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o complex_fw-la one_o consist_v as_o it_o be_v of_o several_a idea_n coexi_v together_o which_o because_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o conceive_v as_o one_o thing_n we_o give_v it_o the_o general_n name_n of_o substance_n as_o imagine_v that_o word_n to_o express_v something_o though_o in_o reality_n we_o know_v not_o what_o which_o be_v the_o support_n of_o these_o accident_n or_o quality_n which_o occasion_n the_o idea_n we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n of_o it_o let_v we_o therefore_o take_v any_o corporeal_a substance_n as_o suppose_v gold_n and_o inquire_v in_o our_o mind_n what_o be_v that_o support_v substratum_fw-la or_o substance_n in_o which_o the_o accident_n of_o yellowness_n great_a specific_a weight_n and_o strange_a ductility_n under_o the_o hammer_n do_v inhere_o all_o which_o concur_v to_o give_v we_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o we_o have_v of_o gold_n shall_v we_o not_o find_v our_o self_n put_v to_o it_o how_o to_o conceive_v or_o to_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o this_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o these_o property_n be_v the_o solid_a extend_a part_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o the_o near_a satisfaction_n for_o our_o mind_n will_v be_v inquisitive_a again_o what_o be_v the_o support_n or_o subject_n of_o that_o extension_n and_o impenetrability_n we_o may_v say_v indeed_o that_o it_o be_v the_o substance_n itself_o which_o be_v a_o word_n that_o we_o use_v and_o imply_v something_o or_o other_o that_o be_v the_o support_n of_o these_o property_n but_o what_o that_o be_v we_o have_v i_o think_v no_o clear_a and_o certain_a idea_n when_o yet_o we_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a conception_n enough_o of_o these_o property_n which_o we_o find_v in_o this_o body_n and_o from_o whence_o we_o pronounce_v it_o to_o be_v gold_n so_o if_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n we_o take_v any_o incorporeal_a substance_n as_o suppose_v the_o mind_n or_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o inquire_v what_o be_v the_o true_a support_n of_o that_o self-moving_a power_n that_o reason_v and_o cogitative_a faculty_n and_o that_o liberty_n or_o freedom_n of_o action_n which_o we_o plain_o perceive_v to_o be_v inherent_a in_o it_o we_o shall_v indeed_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n but_o yet_o no_o more_o than_o we_o be_v before_o in_o reference_n to_o gold_n for_o as_o from_o consider_v the_o property_n peculiar_a to_o that_o body_n we_o be_v satisfy_v that_o they_o must_v be_v inherent_a in_o something_o though_o how_o or_o in_o what_o we_o have_v no_o clear_a idea_n so_o when_o we_o consider_v life_n cogitation_n and_o spontaneous_a motion_n in_o our_o soul_n we_o know_v very_o well_o that_o those_o more_o real_a property_n must_v have_v something_o also_o for_o their_o support_n or_o some_o substance_n to_o inhere_o in_o though_o what_o that_o be_v and_o the_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o this_o we_o be_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o but_o then_o we_o have_v as_o just_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o this_o substance_n be_v real_a as_o that_o the_o substance_n of_o gold_n be_v so_o for_o cogitation_n life_n and_o spontaneous_a action_n be_v property_n undoubted_o of_o as_o real_a a_o nature_n as_o great_a intensive_a weight_n yellowness_n and_o ductility_n can_v possible_o be_v and_o as_o we_o can_v but_o conclude_v both_o these_o to_o be_v real_a substance_n so_o we_o can_v also_o but_o conceive_v they_o as_o nature_n absolute_o distinct_a and_o different_a from_o each_o other_o and_o which_o can_v have_v no_o necessary_a dependence_n upon_o and_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o for_o
we_o can_v attain_v any_o idea_n of_o or_o that_o what_o be_v absolute_o vnconceiveable_a be_v real_o nothing_o at_o all_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v true_a take_v it_o in_o the_o most_o strict_a and_o proper_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_o though_o i_o be_o not_o of_o protagoras_n mind_n that_o man_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o as_o i_o think_v that_o that_o which_o be_v absolute_o unconceivable_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v existent_a so_o what_o be_v absolute_o so_o to_o we_o we_o can_v know_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o nor_o reason_n nor_o argue_v about_o it_o since_o there_o be_v no_o do_v of_o this_o but_o from_o our_o idea_n but_o i_o can_v see_v how_o this_o will_v be_v advantageous_a at_o all_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o infidelity_n for_o there_o be_v neither_o any_o one_o that_o assert_n nor_o be_v the_o atheist_n able_a to_o prove_v that_o that_o be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n be_v absolute_o unconceivable_a there_o be_v a_o vast_a 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one_o mind_n as_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o large_o prove_v 2._o there_o be_v imply_v in_o this_o objection_n that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o possible_a idea_n nor_o notion_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o from_o hence_o these_o sublime_a thinker_n argue_v against_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o conclude_v there_o be_v no_o god_n because_o they_o can_v see_v he_o and_o because_o he_o be_v not_o perceivable_a by_o any_o of_o our_o bodily_a sense_n thus_o one_o of_o our_o modern_a atheistical_a writer_n assert_n that_o the_o only_a evidence_n we_o can_v have_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v from_o sense_n and_o in_o another_o place_n 11._o whatsoever_o we_o can_v conceive_v say_v he_o have_v be_v perceive_v first_o by_o sense_n either_o at_o once_o or_o in_o part_n and_o a_o man_n can_v have_v no_o thought_n represent_v any_o thing_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n and_o he_o define_v sense_n to_o be_v original_a knowledge_n which_o be_v but_o the_o reverse_n of_o what_o protagoras_n long_o ago_o determine_v for_o plato_n in_o his_o theaetetus_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o define_v all_o knowledge_n to_o be_v sense_n now_o be_v not_o this_o admirable_a philosophy_n and_o worthy_a of_o those_o that_o pretend_v to_o a_o sublime_a pitch_n of_o knowledge_n than_o the_o vulgar_a there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n say_v they_o but_o sense_n if_o so_o then_o as_o protagoras_n say_v all_o sense_n must_v be_v knowledge_n and_o consequent_o he_o that_o see_v hear_v smell_n or_o feel_v any_o thing_n must_v immediate_o know_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v know_v about_o it_o by_o see_v the_o letter_n of_o any_o language_n or_o hear_v the_o word_n pronounce_v a_o man_n or_o a_o beast_n must_v needs_o understand_v all_o the_o sense_n and_o mean_v of_o it_o and_o the_o philosophic_a nature_n of_o all_o body_n will_v be_v perfect_o comprehend_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o once_o come_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o sense_n this_o be_v indeed_o a_o good_a easy_a method_n of_o attain_v learning_n and_o perhaps_o very_o suitable_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o these_o gentleman_n but_o i_o can_v account_v from_o this_o notion_n how_o they_o come_v to_o have_v so_o much_o more_o penetration_n and_o knowledge_n than_o their_o neighbour_n be_v their_o eye_n and_o ear_n nose_n and_o feel_v so_o much_o more_o accurate_a than_o those_o of_o the_o vulgar_a yes_o doubtless_o these_o be_v true_o man_n of_o sense_n their_o lyncean_a eye_n can_v penetrate_v millstone_n and_o the_o least_o silent_a whisper_n of_o nature_n move_v the_o intelligent_a drum_n of_o their_o tender_a ear_n nothing_o escape_v their_o knowledge_n but_o what_o be_v undiscoverable_a by_o the_o nice_a sense_n and_o can_v only_o be_v comprehend_v by_o reason_n reason_n a_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la of_o the_o mind_n who_o uncertain_a direction_n they_o scorn_v to_o follow_v while_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n sense_n can_v be_v their_o guide_n nor_o will_v it_o avail_v they_o to_o allege_v here_o that_o when_o they_o say_v we_o have_v no_o knowledge_n but_o what_o we_o have_v from_o our_o sense_n they_o mean_v only_o that_o all_o our_o knowledge_n come_v in_o that_o way_n and_o not_o by_o innate_a idea_n for_o the_o author_n i_o have_v mention_v above_o be_v express_v that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o thought_n of_o any_o thing_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o only_a knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v from_o sense_n and_o that_o sense_n be_v original_a knowledge_n and_o if_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o compare_v or_o distinguish_v of_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n but_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o sensible_a object_n be_v impress_v upon_o our_o brain_n must_v needs_o convey_v to_o we_o by_o that_o mean_n all_o the_o knowledge_n that_o we_o can_v ever_o obtain_v about_o they_o and_o that_o as_o soon_o too_o as_o ever_o the_o object_n be_v 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many_o thing_n which_o never_o be_v nor_o perhaps_o can_v possible_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o bodily_a sense_n protagoras_n himself_o say_v emp._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v heed_n that_o none_o of_o the_o uninitiate_v hear_v you_o who_o be_v such_o as_o think_v nothing_o to_o exist_v but_o what_o they_o can_v lay_v hold_n of_o with_o their_o hand_n and_o who_o will_v not_o allow_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v invisible_a to_o have_v a_o place_n among_o being_n the_o epicurean_a atheist_n must_v needs_o grant_v the_o existence_n of_o his_o atom_n and_o his_o empty_a space_n when_o yet_o they_o must_v be_v both_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v no_o way_n sensible_a those_o that_o hold_v a_o soul_n or_o life_n in_o matter_n plastical_o diffuse_v through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n by_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v actuate_v and_o regulate_v can_v deny_v but_o this_o power_n be_v invisible_a and_o no_o way_n the_o object_n of_o bodily_a sense_n nay_o those_o that_o assert_v a_o corporeal_a deity_n and_o say_v that_o nothing_o can_v possible_o exist_v but_o body_n must_v needs_o own_o that_o something_o of_o this_o deity_n as_o his_o wisdom_n power_n and_o understanding_n which_o be_v certain_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o noble_a of_o all_o his_o essence_n can_v no_o way_n fall_v under_o our_o bodily_a sense_n let_v he_o that_o assert_n that_o what_o be_v not_o the_o object_n of_o sense_n be_v real_o nothing_o at_o all_o let_v he_o tell_v i_o if_o he_o ever_o see_v that_o power_n faculty_n understanding_n or_o mind_n by_o which_o he_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v such_o a_o determination_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o power_n or_o mind_n in_o he_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o doubt_v or_o deny_v for_o that_o
incorporeal_a substance_n and_o that_o the_o deity_n be_v also_o of_o that_o nature_n himself_o as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o those_o confident_a modern_a writer_n who_o say_v that_o the_o ancient_n never_o have_v any_o notion_n of_o a_o immaterial_a be_v betray_v equal_o their_o ignorance_n with_o their_o assurance_n for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o immaterial_a substance_n be_v as_o well_o the_o concomitant_a as_o indeed_o it_o be_v the_o necessary_a result_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o philosophy_n the_o embracer_n of_o it_o find_v plain_o that_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o two_o thing_n viz._n passive_a matter_n and_o active_a power_n and_o these_o they_o find_v be_v perfect_o distinct_a from_o each_o other_o and_o no_o way_n dependent_a at_o all_o upon_o each_o other_o to_o the_o former_a of_o these_o they_o only_o attribute_v extension_n and_o impenetrability_n and_o a_o power_n of_o be_v various_o figure_v modify_v dispose_v and_o move_v to_o the_o latter_a they_o ascribe_v cogitation_n life_n sensation_n and_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n which_o they_o plain_o see_v do_v belong_v to_o this_o and_o can_v not_o do_v so_o to_o the_o other_o and_o these_o two_o they_o make_v the_o two_o great_a principle_n or_o general_a head_n of_o be_v in_o the_o universe_n and_o call_v they_o by_o two_o vast_o different_a name_n as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v viz._n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o one_o passive_a matter_n or_o bulk_n and_o the_o other_o self-activity_n or_o life_n in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o viz._n passive_a matter_n they_o find_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o real_a beside_o its_o bulk_n or_o impenetrable_o extend_v part_n and_o that_o consequent_o all_o form_n and_o quality_n in_o body_n be_v no_o real_a entity_n distinct_a from_o the_o body_n in_o which_o they_o inhere_v but_o only_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n 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this_o and_o this_o only_a that_o that_o axiom_n be_v level_v against_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o assert_v the_o deity_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n to_o be_v real_a entity_n distinct_a from_o matter_n and_o not_o to_o be_v producible_a out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o matter_n as_o all_o quality_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o modes_n of_o it_o they_o maintain_v be_v and_o this_o make_v they_o perhaps_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o preexistence_n and_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n for_o they_o can_v never_o believe_v their_o soul_n be_v as_o one_o express_v it_o young_a than_o their_o body_n and_o that_o they_o perish_v when_o the_o body_n die_v and_o therefore_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_o than_o that_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o this_o philosophy_n do_v lead_v man_n to_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o incorporeal_a substance_n and_o force_v they_o to_o believe_v life_n motion_n and_o cogitation_n to_o be_v thing_n that_o can_v not_o be_v modification_n of_o matter_n nor_o perishable_a and_o producible_a as_o the_o common_a quality_n and_o form_n of_o body_n or_o extend_a bulk_n be_v and_o thus_o when_o it_o be_v right_o consider_v and_o thorough_o understand_v the_o atomical_a or_o mechanical_a philosophy_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v any_o way_n instrumental_a to_o the_o lead_a man_n into_o atheism_n that_o there_o be_v none_o other_o that_o do_v so_o true_o distinguish_v between_o matter_n and_o incorporeal_a being_n none_o that_o render_v the_o operation_n and_o quality_n of_o body_n so_o intelligible_a and_o none_o that_o prepare_v so_o clear_a natural_a and_o easy_a a_o way_n for_o the_o demonstration_n of_o immaterial_a substance_n as_o this_o kind_n of_o philosophy_n do_v indeed_o as_o almost_o all_o thing_n be_v so_o this_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o ill_a purpose_n by_o its_o atheistical_a votary_n who_o do_v ancient_o as_o they_o do_v now_o assert_v that_o cogitation_n life_n sensation_n and_o active_a power_n be_v all_o producible_a out_o of_o bare_a matter_n without_o a_o deity_n but_o as_o this_o be_v what_o the_o true_a atomist_n never_o can_v think_v possible_a so_o it_o be_v real_o involve_v with_o the_o most_o monstrous_a absurdity_n that_o ever_o any_o opinion_n be_v and_o which_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v charge_v on_o the_o philosophy_n itself_o but_o only_o on_o that_o dark_a unintelligible_a and_o inconsistent_a system_n of_o it_o which_o the_o ignorant_a atheist_n have_v compile_v and_o that_o only_o to_o render_v it_o subservient_fw-fr to_o their_o wicked_a design_n of_o exclude_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o of_o incorporeal_a substance_n out_o of_o the_o world_n though_o god_n be_v thank_v they_o do_v in_o this_o point_n so_o far_o fail_v of_o success_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v clear_a than_o that_o it_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o account_v for_o any_o first_o cause_n of_o thing_n for_o cogitation_n life_n sensation_n or_o motion_n according_a to_o their_o principle_n that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o substance_n but_o body_n and_o this_o necessary_o lead_v i_o to_o another_o very_a good_a argument_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o allow_v incorporeal_a substance_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o god_n himself_o be_v of_o that_o nature_n or_o a_o spirit_n viz._n the_o strange_a absurdity_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n but_o these_o be_v very_o many_o and_o it_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n true_o to_o clear_v up_o this_o point_n in_o a_o age_n wherein_o man_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o corporealism_n i_o shall_v defer_v this_o till_o my_o next_o discourse_n wherein_o i_o shall_v finish_v this_o and_o my_o remain_a argument_n to_o prove_v god_n to_o be_v a_o spirit_n and_o that_o there_o be_v being_n of_o a_o immaterial_a and_o incorporeal_a nature_n the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o sermon_n the_o five_o sermon_n john_n four_o 24_o god_n be_v a_o spirit_n i_o have_v already_o show_v the_o mean_v and_o import_n of_o these_o word_n and_o what_o we_o understand_v by_o god_n be_v a_o spirit_n i_o have_v show_v you_o also_o the_o atheist_n objection_n against_o the_o immaterial_a nature_n of_o god_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o incorporeal_a substance_n and_o have_v endeavour_v to_o refute_v they_o from_o two_o argument_n i_o have_v prove_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v a_o precarious_a and_o unfair_a way_n of_o argue_v against_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n only_o because_o our_o particular_a apprehension_n and_o conception_n can_v master_v it_o and_o that_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o incorporeal_a substance_n on_o the_o account_n only_o of_o some_o man_n declare_v that_o they_o can_v conceive_v how_o any_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v where_o likewise_o i_o show_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o spirit_n or_o a_o immaterial_a substance_n be_v as_o intelligible_a as_o that_o of_o body_n and_o that_o we_o have_v as_o 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man_n and_o beast_n and_o do_v act_v the_o understanding_n or_o brain_n to_o apprehend_v judge_n and_o remember_v now_o by_o this_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o suppose_v cogitation_n understanding_n consciousness_n and_o liberty_n and_o all_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o result_n of_o some_o peculiar_a motion_n in_o a_o fit_o organise_v body_n the_o animal_n spirit_n he_o think_v be_v like_o the_o elastic_a particle_n in_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o watch_n though_o they_o can_v tell_v what_o a_o clock_n it_o be_v themselves_o yet_o they_o can_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o spring_n which_o they_o actuate_v do_v that_o and_o many_o other_o thing_n that_o the_o movement_n shall_v be_v fit_v for_o or_o to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o comparison_n of_o his_o own_o the_o animal_n spirit_n may_v do_v as_o the_o wind_n do_v in_o the_o chest_n of_o a_o organ_n though_o it_o can_v make_v no_o music_n of_o itself_o yet_o by_o be_v communicate_v so_o as_o to_o 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the_o animal_n spirit_n than_o the_o hand_n or_o dial-plate_n of_o a_o watch_n can_v or_o any_o other_o part_n of_o a_o curious_a instrument_n if_o therefore_o you_o inquire_v of_o they_o wherein_o they_o place_v this_o cogitation_n self-consciousness_n and_o liberty_n they_o will_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v in_o the_o man_n it_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a it_o be_v neither_o his_o soul_n alone_o nor_o his_o body_n alone_o it_o be_v no_o spiritual_a substance_n distinct_a from_o matter_n but_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a man_n that_o think_v reason_n and_o act_n free_o by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o this_o be_v very_o unaccountable_a and_o be_v what_o neither_o they_o nor_o any_o one_o else_o i_o believe_v can_v ever_o apprehend_v or_o conceive_v that_o liberty_n shall_v be_v the_o result_n of_o necessary_o move_v matter_n that_o cogitation_n shall_v arise_v from_o senseless_a and_o unthinking_a atom_n and_o that_o knowledge_n and_o consciousness_n of_o its_o own_o operation_n 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too_o indeed_o as_o i_o show_v you_o before_o he_o assert_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o only_a substance_n which_o be_v god_n or_o in_o other_o word_n universal_a matter_n and_o cogitation_n and_o extension_n he_o say_v be_v the_o two_o infinite_a attribute_n or_o else_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o deity_n 14._o and_o this_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o assurance_n as_o the_o way_n of_o these_o writer_n be_v he_o pretend_v to_o demonstrate_v mathematical_o by_o a_o pompous_a though_o a_o very_a obscure_a apparatus_fw-la of_o definition_n axiom_n postulate_v and_o proposition_n but_o it_o be_v not_o call_v a_o thing_n a_o demonstration_n that_o will_v make_v it_o to_o be_v so_o nor_o conclude_v with_o quod_fw-la erat_fw-la demonstrandum_fw-la that_o will_v make_v every_o body_n acquiesce_v in_o a_o proposition_n when_o it_o be_v either_o perfect_o unintelligible_a or_o false_a and_o yet_o such_o be_v those_o that_o spinoza_n bring_v to_o prove_v and_o 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matter_n must_v be_v a_o distinct_a god_n by_o itself_o and_o so_o the_o most_o ridiculous_a polytheism_n that_o ever_o be_v imagine_v must_v be_v introduce_v and_o allow_v of_o for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o perfect_a knowledge_n power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n every_o one_o of_o these_o particle_n must_v have_v it_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a infinite_a or_o perfect_a power_n wisdom_n knowledge_n and_o goodness_n can_v be_v produce_v out_o of_o finite_a the_o lesser_a can_n never_o produce_v the_o great_a nor_o any_o thing_n make_v or_o give_v that_o which_o it_o have_v not_o within_o itself_o and_o therefore_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o either_o there_o be_v no_o deity_n at_o all_o or_o else_o that_o every_o particle_n of_o matter_n must_v be_v a_o god_n by_o itself_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n for_o finite_a or_o imperfect_a cogitation_n can_v no_o more_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o infinite_a than_o
business_n to_o vex_v rob_v ruin_n and_o destroy_v all_o who_o oppose_v his_o will_n and_o they_o also_o be_v do_v continual_o the_o same_o thing_n against_o he_o and_o against_o one_o another_o a_o man_n must_v be_v stupid_o and_o wilful_o blind_a before_o he_o can_v assert_v such_o a_o state_n as_o this_o to_o be_v as_o happy_a and_o advantageous_a to_o mankind_n as_o where_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v observe_v and_o exercise_v and_o therefore_o mr._n hobbs_n himself_o be_v force_v to_o allow_v that_o rational_a agent_n will_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o enact_v of_o law_n for_o the_o due_a government_n and_o regulation_n of_o society_n but_o how_o these_o law_n shall_v ever_o come_v into_o people_n head_n that_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o notion_n of_o any_o distinction_n between_o good_a or_o evil_a just_a or_o unjust_a and_o when_o there_o be_v in_o reality_n no_o such_o thing_n be_v what_o i_o can_v not_o possible_o conceive_v on_o the_o contrary_a i_o think_v that_o the_o constant_a and_o universal_a support_n that_o these_o moral_a virtue_n have_v always_o have_v from_o human_a law_n be_v a_o most_o demonstrative_a argument_n that_o man_n have_v always_o think_v they_o substantial_o and_o moral_o good_a and_o excellent_a in_o themselves_o and_o that_o they_o do_v natural_o and_o eternal_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o society_n indeed_o some_o thing_n may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v enact_v or_o prohibit_v by_o human_a law_n that_o have_v no_o real_a nor_o intrinsic_a goodness_n nor_o natural_a evil_n in_o they_o but_o be_v only_o good_a and_o evil_a according_a to_o some_o particular_a circumstance_n and_o exigency_n of_o affair_n and_o thus_o god_n himself_o be_v please_v to_o appoint_v the_o jew_n many_o rite_n and_o observance_n that_o have_v not_o any_o real_a or_o intrinsic_a goodness_n in_o they_o but_o only_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o present_a circumstance_n and_o condition_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o then_o these_o be_v every_o where_o in_o holy_a writ_n postponed_n to_o moral_a virtue_n 50.8_o declare_v by_o god_n himself_o to_o be_v of_o much_o lesser_a value_n and_o whenever_o there_o be_v a_o competition_n between_o they_o these_o be_v to_o give_v place_n to_o those_o which_o be_v proper_o speak_v good_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o of_o universal_a and_o eternal_a obligation_n whereas_o the_o other_o be_v only_a good_a pro_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la therefore_o they_o be_v say_v by_o the_o apostle_n to_o be_v not_o good_a i._n e._n in_o themselves_o or_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o only_o by_o institution_n but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o case_n as_o to_o such_o action_n as_o we_o have_v be_v mention_v which_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a or_o evil_a for_o these_o have_v be_v constant_o and_o universal_o distinguish_v by_o humane_a law_n and_o have_v never_o be_v confound_v or_o change_v for_o can_v any_o man_n produce_v a_o law_n that_o ever_o obtain_v universal_o against_o pay_v adoration_n and_o worship_n to_o the_o deity_n against_o man_n honour_v their_o parent_n or_o against_o their_o be_v just_o good_a merciful_a and_o righteous_a in_o their_o deal_n with_o one_o another_o against_o such_o thing_n as_o st._n paul_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v no_o law_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o our_o adversary_n to_o show_v we_o that_o the_o contrary_a immorality_n be_v ever_o universal_o think_v good_a and_o lawful_a or_o allow_v and_o establish_v by_o any_o general_a authority_n whatsoever_o and_o shall_v the_o reverse_n to_o moral_a virtue_n be_v enjoin_v as_o law_n and_o every_o one_o command_v to_o be_v unjust_a oppressive_a and_o cruel_a as_o now_o he_o be_v enjoin_v the_o contrary_a any_o one_o may_v imagine_v what_o will_v be_v the_o dismal_a consequence_n of_o it_o 3._o but_o again_o another_o argument_n for_o the_o natural_a distinction_n between_o good_a and_o evil_a may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o passion_n and_o affection_n for_o these_o be_v so_o frame_v and_o contrive_v by_o our_o wise_a creator_n as_o to_o guide_v and_o direct_v we_o to_o good_a and_o to_o guard_v and_o preserve_v we_o from_o evil_a by_o a_o kind_n of_o natural_a instinct_n which_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o frequent_o previous_a to_o all_o reason_v and_o consideration_n thus_o we_o perceive_v a_o strange_a horror_n and_o very_o ungrateful_a sensation_n seize_v upon_o we_o immediate_o on_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o scene_n of_o misery_n or_o a_o spectacle_n of_o cruelty_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o our_o ear_n be_v entertain_v with_o the_o doleful_a relation_n of_o such_o action_n so_o also_o a_o instance_n of_o great_a injustice_n or_o very_o base_a ingratitude_n raise_v a_o just_a indignation_n in_o we_o against_o the_o offend_a person_n and_o we_o can_v avoid_v be_v uneasy_o move_v and_o affect_v in_o such_o case_n while_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o very_a please_a satisfaction_n of_o soul_n arise_v in_o we_o when_o we_o see_v or_o 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these_o natural_a effort_n to_o be_v very_o strong_a by_o a_o kind_n of_o anticipation_n or_o natural_a instinct_n from_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o their_o reason_n free_o exercise_v will_v afterward_o condemn_v they_o for_o and_o now_o upon_o the_o whole_a there_o be_v thus_o plain_o prove_v a_o essential_a and_o natural_a difference_n between_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a and_o that_o the_o reason_n of_o all_o mankind_n free_o and_o impartial_o exercise_v do_v agree_v in_o this_o point_n that_o morality_n conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o immorality_n to_o the_o misery_n of_o human_a nature_n we_o may_v very_o just_o conclude_v from_o hence_o that_o all_o other_o rational_a agent_n must_v judge_v of_o good_a and_o evil_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o plain_o distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o they_o also_o must_v know_v and_o understand_v that_o their_o perfection_n and_o happiness_n though_o they_o may_v differ_v in_o some_o circumstance_n from_o we_o do_v consist_v in_o act_v according_a to_o the_o eternal_a rule_n of_o right_a reason_n and_o moral_a virtue_n for_o if_o the_o case_n be_v not_o so_o several_a rational_a nature_n all_o derive_v from_o the_o same_o deity_n may_v come_v to_o make_v contradictory_n judgement_n even_o when_o they_o act_n according_a to_o the_o great_a and_o common_a rule_n of_o their_o nature_n but_o the_o principle_n of_o right_a reason_n at_o this_o rate_n will_v be_v the_o most_o precarious_a thing_n imaginable_a and_o man_n can_v never_o possible_o be_v assure_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o right_n in_o any_o point_n or_o know_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o assure_o therefore_o this_o great_a rule_n of_o right_a reason_n that_o god_n have_v give_v his_o creature_n to_o govern_v and_o direct_v themselves_o by_o be_v no_o such_o uncertain_a thing_n be_v in_o no_o respect_n contradictory_n to_o itself_o but_o must_v be_v uniformly_n and_o constant_o the_o same_o in_o all_o being_n that_o be_v endow_v with_o it_o when_o it_o be_v right_o and_o perfect_o follow_v and_o from_o hence_o also_o we_o can_v but_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o eternal_a constant_a and_o uniform_a law_n of_o right_a reason_n and_o morality_n that_o god_n have_v give_v as_o a_o universal_a guide_n to_o all_o rational_a being_n must_v also_o be_v in_o he_o in_o the_o great_a and_o most_o exquisite_a perfection_n and_o that_o not_o only_o because_o all_o perfection_n and_o excellency_n in_o the_o creature_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o that_o first_o be_v from_o who_o they_o be_v derive_v as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v but_o also_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o god_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v give_v we_o a_o rule_n of_o action_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o nature_n or_o at_o least_o vast_o different_a from_o it_o and_o that_o he_o have_v contrive_v our_o power_n and_o faculty_n so_o as_o to_o deceive_v we_o in_o the_o
whatsoever_o be_v produce_v be_v produce_v necessary_o and_o consequent_o all_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v and_o to_o define_v a_o free_a agent_n to_o be_v that_o which_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v present_a which_o be_v necessary_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o be_v contradiction_n and_o nonsense_n for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v the_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a i._n e._n necessary_a and_o yet_o the_o effect_n shall_v not_o follow_v this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o all_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o proof_n against_o free_a will_n in_o which_o there_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o mistake_v as_o there_o be_v sentence_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o plain_o will_v appear_v that_o either_o he_o have_v no_o clear_a idea_n of_o what_o he_o write_v about_o or_o else_o do_v design_o endeavour_v to_o perplex_v darken_v and_o confound_v the_o cause_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n he_o confound_v the_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o will_v in_o man_n with_o the_o last_o act_n of_o willing_a or_o determination_n after_o deliberate_v and_o consequent_o do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o what_o the_o school_n will_v call_v hypothetical_n and_o absolute_a necessity_n which_o yet_o ought_v to_o be_v careful_o do_v in_o the_o point_n between_o we_o for_o a_o agent_n may_v be_v free_a and_o no_o doubt_n every_o man_n be_v free_a to_o deliberate_v on_o and_o to_o compare_v the_o object_n offer_v to_o his_o choice_n and_o yet_o not_o be_v so_o after_o he_o have_v choose_v then_o indeed_o necessity_n come_v in_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o to_o choose_v and_o not_o to_o choose_v or_o to_o determine_v and_o not_o to_o determine_v and_o after_o the_o election_n be_v make_v no_o one_o ever_o suppose_v that_o a_o man_n be_v free_a not_o to_o make_v it_o and_o therefore_o if_o by_o the_o will_n mr._n hobbs_n mean_v that_o last_o act_n of_o willing_a or_o elect_v which_o immediate_o precede_v act_v or_o which_o be_v next_o before_o the_o do_v of_o a_o thing_n become_v impossible_a as_o he_o express_v himself_o he_o fight_v with_o his_o own_o shadow_n and_o oppose_v that_o which_o no_o body_n ever_o deny_v for_o no_o man_n ever_o suppose_a freedom_n and_o determination_n to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o only_o that_o man_n before_o he_o determine_v be_v free_a whether_o he_o will_v determine_v so_o and_o so_o or_o not_o and_o according_o he_o himself_o define_v a_o voluntary_a agent_n to_o be_v he_o that_o have_v not_o make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberate_v 311._o again_o 2._o it_o be_v hard_a to_o know_v what_o he_o mean_v here_o by_o nothing_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o itself_o he_o be_v talk_v about_o voluntary_a action_n and_o about_o the_o freedom_n of_o human_a nature_n and_o therefore_o shall_v refer_v this_o to_o the_o will_n of_o man_n but_o the_o instance_n he_o afterward_o produce_v be_v of_o contingent_a thing_n 315._o which_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o his_o purpose_n but_o 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willing_a or_o that_o faculty_n which_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o of_o be_v free_a in_o many_o case_n to_o act_n or_o not_o act_n or_o to_o act_n after_o such_o a_o particular_a manner_n which_o be_v general_o call_v the_o will_n and_o this_o be_v common_o say_v to_o be_v free_a though_o i_o think_v as_o one_o have_v observe_v understanding_n it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_a a_o way_n of_o speak_v as_o to_o say_v the_o man_n be_v free_a for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v not_o usual_a nor_o indeed_o proper_a to_o predicate_v one_o faculty_n of_o another_o it_o be_v hardly_o good_a sense_n to_o say_v the_o will_n be_v free_a in_o the_o manner_n now_o explain_v for_o that_o will_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o say_v that_o a_o free_a power_n be_v free_a whereas_o it_o be_v not_o the_o power_n but_o the_o man_n that_o have_v the_o power_n that_o be_v free_a but_o however_o the_o other_o way_n of_o expression_n have_v prevail_v and_o do_v do_v so_o and_o i_o do_v think_v any_o one_o be_v mislead_v by_o it_o into_o error_n for_o that_o which_o every_o body_n understand_v and_o mean_v by_o say_v the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v free_a be_v that_o man_n have_v in_o his_o nature_n such_o a_o free_a power_n as_o be_v call_v his_o will._n now_o from_o hence_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o a_o man_n be_v free_a whether_o he_o will_v will_n or_o not_o for_o he_o must_v will_n someway_o either_o to_o act_n or_o not_o to_o act_n or_o to_o act_n after_o such_o a_o particular_a manner_n but_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o when_o a_o man_n have_v make_v any_o particular_a volition_n or_o have_v determine_v the_o point_n whether_o he_o shall_v act_n or_o forbear_v to_o act_n he_o be_v then_o no_o long_o at_o liberty_n as_o to_o this_o particular_a case_n and_o instant_a for_o the_o determination_n be_v then_o actual_o make_v and_o the_o man_n no_o long_o free_v not_o to_o make_v it_o but_o this_o prove_v nothing_o at_o all_o against_o the_o liberty_n or_o freedom_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o man._n again_o what_o do_v mr._n hobbs_n mean_v by_o the_o will_v his_o be_v the_o necessary_a cause_n of_o voluntary_a action_n do_v he_o mean_v that_o the_o will_n of_o man_n must_v of_o necessity_n act_v free_o and_o produce_v action_n voluntary_o if_o he_o do_v we_o be_v agree_v but_o if_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o will_n be_v previous_o necessitate_v in_o every_o act_n of_o volition_n to_o will_n just_a as_o it_o do_v and_o can_v not_o possible_o have_v will_v otherwise_o this_o be_v to_o beg_v the_o question_n and_o to_o take_v for_o grant_v the_o great_a thing_n in_o dispute_n it_o be_v to_o call_v that_o out_o of_o controversy_n which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n in_o controversy_n which_o indeed_o when_o a_o man_n contradict_v the_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n of_o mankind_n without_o proof_n be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o proceed_v but_o that_o which_o look_v most_o like_a a_o argument_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v this_o which_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o cause_n say_v he_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n which_o want_v nothing_o requisite_a to_o produce_v its_o effect_n but_o such_o a_o cause_n must_v also_o be_v a_o necessary_a one_o for_o have_v it_o not_o necessary_o produce_v its_o effect_n it_o must_v have_v be_v because_o something_o be_v want_v in_o it_o for_o that_o purpose_n and_o then_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v sufficient_a so_o that_o whatever_o be_v produce_v be_v produce_v necessary_o for_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v at_o all_o without_o a_o sufficient_a or_o necessary_a cause_n and_o therefore_o also_o all_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v now_o all_o this_o prove_v to_o his_o purpose_n i_o think_v just_a nothing_o at_o all_o he_o proceed_v on_o in_o his_o former_a error_n of_o confound_v the_o act_n of_o will_v with_o the_o power_n of_o willing_a and_o of_o make_v hypothetical_n the_o same_o with_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o not_o now_o to_o dispute_v what_o he_o say_v of_o every_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v a_o necessary_a one_o allow_v that_o when_o ever_o any_o volition_n or_o determination_n be_v make_v or_o when_o ever_o any_o voluntary_a action_n be_v do_v that_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n nay_o that_o it_o do_v at_o last_o necessary_o produce_v it_o he_o can_v infer_v nothing_o from_o hence_o more_o than_o this_o that_o when_o the_o will_n have_v determine_v or_o will_v it_o be_v no_o long_o free_v to_o will_n or_o will_v that_o particular_a thing_n at_o that_o particular_a instant_a which_o i_o do_v believe_v any_o body_n will_v ever_o or_o ever_o do_v deny_v but_o this_o will_v not_o prove_v at_o all_o that_o the_o will_n be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v that_o