teutonici_fw-la or_o the_o dutch_a knight_n though_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o order_n have_v this_o name_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o part_n consist_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n chief_o of_o german_n be_v call_v into_o prussia_n say_v some_o by_o the_o muscovite_n or_o as_o other_o send_v thither_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o they_o seat_v themselves_o at_o marienberg_n about_o the_o year_n 1340_o after_o a_o long_a engagement_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o the_o native_n under_o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n of_o their_o order_n sigefrid_n de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o casimir_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o last_o the_o order_n be_v surrender_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o thirtyfifth_a and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o thereupon_o create_v he_o duke_n of_o prussia_n such_o of_o the_o knight_n as_o 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esquire_n as_o we_o and_o the_o french_a use_n the_o word_n be_v whole_o out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o empire_n yet_o in_o ancient_a dutch_a record_n we_o read_v of_o skiltknaben_n and_o wapeneren_n both_o which_o word_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o be_v proper_o render_v armigeri_fw-la and_o these_o have_v their_o title_n and_o dignity_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o delivery_n of_o a_o sword_n only_o without_o gird_v it_o on_o with_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n or_o ear_n which_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o bear_v a_o sword_n or_o other_o arm_n in_o attendance_n on_o a_o knight_n or_o ritter_n geschlagen_fw-ge but_o not_o of_o wear_v it_o gird_v on_o as_o the_o knight_n himself_o do_v for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a former_o for_o any_o subject_n whatever_o in_o the_o empire_n to_o bear_v arm_n except_v such_o as_o have_v the_o emperor_n more_o especial_a licence_n so_o to_o do_v the_o gentry_n in_o the_o empire_n be_v express_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o edel-lute_n gentleman_n gentleman_n which_o as_o our_o gentleman_n be_v a_o universal_a name_n for_o all_o such_o as_o either_o from_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o favour_n of_o their_o sovereign_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n be_v raise_v to_o a_o eminency_n above_o the_o multitude_n hence_o edel-dom_a and_o edel-heit_a be_v use_v to_o signify_v nobility_n and_o veredelen_n and_o edel-machen_a to_o ennoble_v some_o singular_o eminent_a gentleman_n in_o francken_n schwaben_n and_o rhein-land_n who_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o other_o court_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v the_o title_n of_o die_v freye_a vom_n adel_n or_o die_v freye_a adeliche_n reichs_n ritterschaft_n i._n e._n the_o free_a gentleman_n or_o ordo_fw-la equestris_n of_o the_o empire_n our_o english_a saxon_n use_v the_o word_n aedel_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n whence_o in_o aelfric_n glossary_a generositas_fw-la be_v interpret_v aedelborynnesse_n noble_a birth_n and_o generosa_fw-la be_v render_v by_o þ_n aeðele_n or_o a_o noble_a woman_n indeed_o aetheling_n etheling_n or_o adeling_o be_v common_o use_v by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n to_o denote_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n who_o afterward_o get_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n hence_o edgar_n etheling_n so_o often_o name_v in_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v his_o surname_n which_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o king_n harold_n a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n explain_v thus_o the_o good_a tryeweman_n of_o the_o lond_n will_v aabbe_v ymade_a king_n the_o kind_a eir_n the_o young_a child_n edgar_n atheling_n wo_n so_o be_v next_o king_n by_o kunde_n i_o clupe_v he_o atheling_n thervore_fw-la i_o clupe_v he_o so_o warrant_v by_o kunde_n he_o be_v king_n but_o if_o we_o search_v into_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o aeðeling_n be_v only_o a_o patronymic_a from_o the_o primitive_a aeðel_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o nobilis_fw-la ortu_fw-la or_o generosus_fw-la i._n e._n one_o descend_v from_o he_o that_o be_v aeðel_v or_o a_o nobleman_n thus_o in_o king_n aelfred_n saxon_a version_n of_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n we_o read_v mid_a eallum_n aeðelingum_n his_o ðeode_n that_o be_v with_o all_o the_o etheling_n of_o his_o nation_n instead_o of_o the_o latin_a cum_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la suae_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o german_a church_n with_o a_o view_n of_o the_o power_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a order_n therein_o contain_v how_o much_o several_a of_o the_o province_n and_o principality_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o point_n of_o religion_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o reformation_n by_o martin_n luther_n we_o have_v show_v before_o and_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o where_o the_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o church_n discipline_n the_o intolerable_a greatness_n which_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v usurp_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o render_v it_o uneasy_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o unexpected_a change_n when_o luther_n opinion_n have_v prevail_v with_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o see_v bishopric_n convert_v into_o secular_a principality_n and_o a_o new_a form_n of_o church-government_n set_v up_o instead_o of_o episcopal_a dignity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o much_o abuse_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n church_n prelate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v rule_n in_o such_o part_n of_o germany_n as_o have_v not_o embrace_v either_o luther_n or_o calvin_n doctrine_n have_v more_o power_n and_o exercise_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o their_o several_a bishopric_n than_o any_o other_o prelate_n in_o christendom_n most_o of_o they_o be_v great_a prince_n and_o challenge_v as_o absolute_a a_o dominion_n over_o the_o temporality_n of_o their_o diocese_n as_o any_o secular_a elector_n can_v pretend_v to_o over_o his_o own_o land_n and_o inheritance_n heretofore_o beside_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n there_o be_v five_o archbishop_n and_o thirty_o bishop_n that_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o assembly_n and_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o their_o number_n have_v exceed_o decrease_v of_o late_a since_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n bremen_n and_o riga_n together_o with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n minden_n and_o werden_n have_v be_v change_v into_o secular_a principality_n those_o also_o of_o besanson_n verdun_n mets_n and_o toul_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o empire_n and_o inseparable_o unite_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n and_o last_o 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maintenance_n be_v provide_v for_o many_o young_a duke_n and_o count_n who_o at_o this_o time_n can_v
his_o crown_n very_o bare_a unction_n and_o the_o like_a they_o vow_v perpetual_a chastity_n and_o abstinence_n from_o flesh_n nor_o have_v he_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v ever_o any_o hope_n to_o get_v out_o again_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v near_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n in_o revenue_n it_o be_v build_v like_o a_o castle_n have_v wall_n of_o stone_n regular_o fortify_v and_o store_v with_o cannon_n and_o the_o ordinary_a number_n of_o religious_a beside_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n be_v about_o seven_o hundred_o they_o have_v also_o nunnery_n of_o several_a order_n some_o admit_v only_o noble_a widow_n and_o maid_n other_o promiscuous_o but_o this_o be_v universal_o observe_v that_o none_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v do_v ever_o return_v to_o their_o secular_a condition_n the_o emperor_n have_v continue_v with_o his_o wife_n twenty_o year_n without_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o thrust_v she_o into_o a_o nunnery_n where_o after_o two_o month_n she_o be_v brought-a-bed_n but_o can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nunnery_n the_o history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o russia_n the_o russes_z have_v the_o same_o vanity_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o most_o other_o nation_n have_v have_v to_o deduce_v their_o original_n either_o from_o god_n or_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o man_n whereby_o how_o much_o honour_n soever_o themselves_o think_v to_o have_v obtain_v so_o much_o do_v other_o nation_n think_v they_o have_v lose_v of_o truth_n some_o author_n derive_v they_o from_o augustus_n cesar_n ivan_n vasilowich_n the_o learn_a of_o all_o the_o russes_z and_o who_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v best_a inform_v tell_v a_o english_a goldsmith_n smile_v because_o the_o emperor_n have_v say_v that_o all_o russes_z were_z thief_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o russ_n but_o a_o german_a and_o that_o their_o family_n come_v from_o beala_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o hungary_n more_o particular_n of_o this_o we_o know_v not_o as_o neither_o who_o when_o or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o come_v nor_o who_o be_v their_o successor_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o imperial_a family_n be_v common_o call_v the_o house_n of_o beala_n other_o say_v that_o the_o first_o governor_n be_v three_o brethren_n rurich_n sinaux_n and_o truvor_n of_o the_o varegi_n but_o who_o those_o varegi_n be_v or_o what_o country_n they_o inhabit_v it_o be_v uncertain_a as_o be_v also_o the_o time_n of_o their_o come_n which_o some_o say_v be_v ann_n 752_o other_o 861._o and_o of_o these_o rurich_n settle_v at_o novogrod_n truvor_n at_o plescow_n and_o sinaux_n at_o bielios_a these_o two_o last_o die_v without_o issue_n rurich_n succeed_v and_o leave_v the_o whole_a dominion_n to_o his_o son_n igor_n igor_n marry_v olga_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o drewlians_n be_v take_v by_o they_o and_o behead_v olga_n afterward_o defeat_v and_o destroy_v these_o drewlians_n go_v to_o constantinople_n be_v baptize_v and_o take_v the_o name_n of_o helena_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o bring_v christianity_n into_o russia_n and_o die_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sanctity_n and_o her_o anniversary_n day_n be_v july_n 11._o suetoslaw_n when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n succeed_v his_o father_n and_o jeropolick_v he_o next_o after_o he_o be_v wolodomir_n concern_v who_o we_o have_v something_o of_o certainty_n zonara_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o basilius_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v a_o bishop_n send_v from_o constantinople_n to_o convert_v the_o russes_z i_o think_v his_o name_n be_v leo_n the_o russes_z will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o see_v a_o miracle_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n throw_v the_o book_n of_o the_o gospel_n into_o the_o fire_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n take_v it_o out_o unblemished_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o russes_z but_o their_o solemn_a receive_n it_o be_v not_o till_o 988_o when_o their_o prince_n wolodomir_n marry_v anna_n sister_n of_o basilius_n and_o constantine_n be_v convert_v baptize_v and_o change_v his_o name_n into_o basilius_n he_o be_v by_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o their_o apostle_n and_o they_o celebrate_v his_o festival_n july_n 15._o he_o die_v in_o 1015._o this_o man_n remove_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o kiow_n to_o wolodomir_n he_o have_v many_o child_n who_o fight_v and_o slay_v one_o another_o two_o borissus_n and_o chlebus_n be_v for_o their_o holy_a life_n and_o unjust_a death_n account_v holy_a martyr_n and_o their_o day_n be_v july_n 24._o sewoldus_n coras_fw-la some_o call_v he_o jeroslaw_n after_o many_o war_n subdue_v his_o brethren_n and_o obtain_v the_o government_n he_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o son_n wolodomir_n surname_v monomachus_n but_o other_o say_v he_o be_v call_v jeroslaw_n or_o fair_a bank_n because_o he_o build_v that_o city_n saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v that_o he_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o harold_n king_n of_o england_n he_o be_v a_o potent_a prince_n and_o keep_v very_o good_a correspondence_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o action_n of_o this_o be_v confound_v with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o wolodomir_n they_o say_v he_o die_v ann_n 1146_o which_o be_v not_o probable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o that_o lady_n who_o follow_v and_o be_v not_o set_v down_o till_o 1237_o when_o reign_v george_n by_o some_o call_v gregory_n call_v by_o some_o szeveloditz_n other_o make_v wszevolod_n to_o be_v the_o father_n and_o george_n his_o son_n george_n be_v ann_n 1237_o slay_v by_o batus_fw-la a_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o tartar_n order_v that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n choose_v the_o prince_n of_o moskow_n that_o when_o they_o send_v their_o ambassador_n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v to_o meet_v and_o wait_v upon_o he_o on_o foot_n offer_v a_o platter_n of_o mares-milk_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n let_v any_o of_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o main_a of_o his_o horse_n the_o prince_n shall_v lick_v it_o up_o and_o that_o he_o shall_v bareheaded_a and_o on_o foot_n give_v the_o tartar_n horse_n his_o provender_n out_o of_o his_o cap_n but_o the_o most_o grievous_a be_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n and_o a_o guard_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n michael_n succeed_v his_o brother_n and_o be_v also_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o tartar_n next_o be_v alexander_n his_o son_n and_o then_o his_o son_n danielou_n or_o daniel_n surname_v caleta_n he_o transfer_v the_o imperial_a seat_n to_o moskow_n and_o call_v himself_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n etc._n etc._n some_o say_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o innocent_a iv_o about_o ann_n 1246._o some_o place_n after_o he_o george_n danielowitz_n caleta_n who_o they_o say_v be_v slay_v by_o demetri_fw-la michaelowitz_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o tartar_n other_o place_n next_o to_o daniel_n his_o son_n ivan_n choose_v by_o zanabeck_n the_o crim-tartar_n who_o favour_v he_o so_o much_o that_o he_o abate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o slavery_n impose_v upon_o the_o tzar_n his_o son_n ivan_n ivanowitz_n succeed_v and_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o tartar_n demetri_fw-la ivanowitz_n be_v his_o son_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o fierce_a war_n upon_o mamai_n can_n and_o gain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n the_o earth_n for_o thirteen_o mile_n together_o be_v cover_v with_o carcase_n but_o tachtanisk_a can_n in_o another_o battle_n slay_v demetri_fw-la and_o renew_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tartar_n over_o the_o russes_z vasili_n demetriwitz_n follow_v ann_n 1357_o who_o chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o russia_n and_o conquer_a bulgaria_n beyond_o the_o wolga_n be_v jealous_a of_o his_o wife_n anastasia_n he_o disinherit_v his_o son_n vasili_n and_o give_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o brother_n george_n who_o at_o his_o death_n restore_v it_o from_o his_o own_o son_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n but_o those_o son_n make_v war_n upon_o vasili_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n therefore_o be_v he_o call_v vasili_n ciemnox_n or_o dark_a but_o the_o boiar_n be_v faithful_a to_o he_o he_o reign_v peaceable_o till_o his_o death_n and_o leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n surname_v grotzdyn_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v lustre_n and_o fame_n to_o the_o obscure_a name_n of_o the_o russes_z for_o take_v away_o the_o dukedom_n and_o government_n from_o his_o uncle_n who_o account_v themselves_o absolute_a in_o their_o dominion_n he_o unite_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o call_v himself_o tzaar_n or_o as_o they_o pronounce_v it_o tzar_n that_o be_v king_n he_o marry_v mary_n daughter_n to_o michael_n duke_n of_o tweria_n some_o say_v severia_n or_o severski_n and_o present_o after_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o his_o
march_v not_o beyond_o its_o limit_n above_o five_o league_n wherefore_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o lead_v a_o army_n further_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v convoke_v before_o every_o war_n to_o levy_v stipendiary_a soldier_n and_o as_o they_o be_v compose_v principal_o of_o the_o noble_n they_o frequent_o signalise_v themselves_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o success_n against_o the_o much_o great_a number_n of_o their_o enemy_n thus_o zamoschius_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n the_o three_o with_o 3000_o man_n worsted_n carigereius_n the_o scythian_a who_o with_o 70000_o be_v make_v a_o inroad_n into_o poland_n and_o force_v he_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o tartar_n to_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o zolkievi_n with_o 3000_o horse_n set_v upon_o 80000_o muscovite_n unawares_o put_v themselves_o all_o to_o flight_n and_o bring_v away_o prisoner_n three_o german_a regiment_n that_o serve_v among_o they_o the_o polish_v foot_n be_v of_o little_a esteem_n and_o therefore_o although_o each_o city_n be_v bind_v to_o set_v forth_o a_o certain_a number_n yet_o the_o king_n rather_o choose_v such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o may_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o charge_n and_o so_o make_v provision_n of_o foreigner_n take_v chief_o out_o of_o hungary_n and_o germany_n the_o zeporensian_a cossack_n former_o serve_v the_o polish_v king_n in_o their_o war_n either_o as_o volontier_n or_o for_o very_o small_a pay_n they_o come_v in_o sometime_o 30000_o strong_a arm_v with_o lance_n or_o scimiter_n and_o long_a gun_n each_o have_v his_o horse_n and_o as_o occasion_n require_v fight_v either_o mount_v or_o on_o foot_n they_o use_v their_o own_o discipline_n and_o choose_v all_o their_o officer_n out_o of_o their_o body_n even_o their_o chief_n commander_n who_o they_o will_v depose_v without_o any_o fault_n if_o he_o be_v not_o successful_a now_o although_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o polander_n may_v be_v say_v to_o equal_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n yet_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o be_v unsuccesful_a in_o their_o undertake_n partly_o because_o of_o the_o slowness_n as_o well_o of_o their_o council_n which_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o principal_a officer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ready_o convene_v nor_o without_o much_o ado_n keep_v together_o as_o of_o their_o noble_n in_o their_o rendezvouse_n who_o seldom_o come_v in_o before_o the_o last_o summons_n partly_o also_o because_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o soldier_n depend_v more_o upon_o their_o particular_a patron_n than_o the_o king_n be_v apt_a to_o follow_v their_o inclination_n though_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a beside_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o furnish_v necessary_n for_o so_o many_o person_n any_o long_a time_n have_v no_o public_a magazine_n provide_v towards_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n they_o be_v incline_v to_o mutiny_n and_o disband_v before_o they_o have_v do_v their_o work_n fortify_v town_n they_o have_v but_o few_o as_o we_o say_v before_o believe_v their_o own_o courage_n fortification_n enough_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unwilling_a by_o mean_n of_o garrison_n to_o give_v their_o king_n opportunity_n of_o assume_v a_o absolute_a power_n and_o arbitrary_a rule_n over_o they_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n partake_v more_o of_o aristocracy_n than_o monarchy_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o be_v share_v among_o the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n some_o will_v reckon_v in_o the_o citizen_n and_o kmetone_n for_o so_o in_o old_a charter_n be_v the_o husbandman_n call_v who_o live_v disperse_v in_o village_n but_o they_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o public_a office_n and_o employment_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v number_v among_o the_o order_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o first_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d as_o appear_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o their_o historian_n and_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o reign_a prince_n appoint_v his_o successor_n so_o lescus_n the_o three_o appoint_v popielus_n so_o also_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a do_v lescus_n the_o black_n nay_o oftentimes_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n divide_v the_o kingdom_n among_o their_o son_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o elective_a government_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o example_n of_o boleslaus_n crivoustus_n and_o be_v further_o confirm_v in_o the_o polonian_a history_n by_o the_o precedent_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o curl_a but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o no_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v presume_v to_o nominate_v or_o impose_v on_o the_o kingdom_n a_o successor_n which_o law_n be_v not_o only_o renew_v in_o the_o interregnum_fw-la after_o his_o death_n but_o several_a time_n afterward_o the_o custom_n of_o election_n have_v encroach_v upon_o the_o sceptre_n for_o some_o while_n before_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n of_o the_o true_a polish_v royal_a family_n from_o this_o electiveness_n it_o now_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o from_o the_o death_n of_o one_o till_o the_o election_n of_o another_o king_n there_o be_v frequent_o too_o long_o interregna_fw-la during_o which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n perform_v all_o kingly_a office_n act_v in_o all_o thing_n like_o their_o sovereign_n without_o any_o distinction_n save_v that_o he_o be_v not_o crown_v with_o the_o royal_a diadem_n and_o such_o a_o interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o death_n but_o by_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o king_n deposition_n of_o king_n be_v former_o more_o frequent_a in_o poland_n then_o now_o henry_n valois_n be_v the_o last_o precedent_n in_o that_o kind_n who_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n when_o he_o hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n the_o nine_o withdraw_v himself_o private_o out_o of_o poland_n by_o night_n that_o he_o may_v not_o loose_v his_o right_n in_o france_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n after_o they_o have_v often_o beseech_v his_o return_n find_v he_o not_o in_o the_o least_o incline_v to_o forsake_v a_o successive_a for_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n discharge_v he_o from_o be_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o renounce_v their_o allegiance_n the_o most_o memorable_a example_n of_o resignation_n be_v that_o of_o john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o of_o which_o a_o large_a narrative_a be_v give_v by_o nicolas_n chwalkowski_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la publico_fw-la polonico_n who_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o the_o whole_a ceremony_n the_o interrex_n or_o person_n who_o perform_v the_o regal_a office_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la as_o be_v say_v be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n a_o legate_n bear_v the_o primate_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o suspect_v as_o 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under_o his_o hand_n with_o all_o his_o title_n annex_v whereby_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o public_a minister_n in_o all_o the_o palatinate_v and_o district_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o all_o necessary_a order_n be_v take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n the_o interrex_n also_o receive_v open_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o letter_n from_o foreign_a prince_n give_v audience_n to_o all_o foreign_a ambassador_n and_o indeed_o all_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pass_v through_o his_o hand_n as_o for_o the_o candidate_n this_o be_v certain_o agree_v that_o no_o piasti_fw-la or_o native_a be_v exclude_v from_o the_o hope_n of_o election_n the_o elector_n in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v the_o prime_a senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o ecclesiastic_a as_o secular_a next_o to_o they_o the_o nobility_n who_o have_v liberty_n to_o act_n either_o in_o their_o proper_a person_n or_o by_o deputy_n and_o last_o the_o deputy_n of_o cracow_n posnania_n leopolis_n
so_o well_o store_v with_o inhabitant_n especial_o in_o suecia_n and_o gothia_n place_n so_o far_o remove_v from_o the_o mount_n ararat_n which_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o be_v caucasus_n upon_o which_o as_o many_o author_n be_v of_o opinion_n noah_n ark_n rest_v as_o to_o be_v force_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o to_o send_v out_o colony_n into_o other_o country_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o evince_a a_o emigration_n into_o these_o western_a and_o southern_a part_n very_o ancient_o to_o have_v be_v it_o be_v by_o jornandes_n crantzius_n and_o all_o swedish_n writer_n unanimous_o approve_v to_o who_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n for_o further_a satisfaction_n in_o so_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a a_o controversy_n this_o people_n though_o at_o present_a unite_a under_o the_o same_o government_n and_o law_n with_o the_o swede_n 〈…〉_o the_o 〈…〉_o and_o common_o pass_v under_o the_o same_o name_n with_o they_o be_v ancient_o different_a from_o they_o as_o well_o in_o their_o manner_n as_o their_o policy_n whereupon_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n what_o occur_v among_o author_n as_o proper_a to_o this_o nation_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n which_o may_v probable_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o not_o only_o in_o scandia_n but_o also_o in_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n which_o they_o subdue_v and_o whither_o they_o extend_v their_o dominion_n they_o always_o rule_v by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o constitution_n which_o they_o suffer_v not_o to_o be_v translate_v into_o any_o other_o language_n but_o always_o publish_v in_o their_o own_o not_o only_o make_v those_o they_o overcome_v their_o subject_n but_o by_o instil_v their_o custom_n and_o manner_n into_o they_o as_o much_o as_o possible_a the_o same_o nation_n this_o piece_n of_o policy_n be_v practise_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n here_o in_o england_n who_o cause_v all_o our_o law_n to_o be_v turn_v into_o the_o french_a language_n that_o thereby_o this_o nation_n may_v in_o time_n forget_v its_o own_o tongue_n and_o be_v better_o dispose_v to_o endure_v his_o yoke_n that_o the_o goth_n be_v always_o a_o warlike_a people_n their_o several_a swarming_n into_o other_o neighbour_a country_n and_o the_o great_a victory_n they_o obtain_v over_o they_o do_v full_o manifest_v mela_n do_v not_o only_o commend_v they_o for_o their_o courage_n but_o their_o honesty_n and_o plain-dealing_a who_o say_v of_o all_o the_o thracian_n it_o seem_v they_o have_v in_o his_o time_n advance_v into_o and_o be_v considerable_a in_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o goth_n or_o getes_n be_v the_o most_o valiant_a and_o the_o most_o just_a and_o this_o their_o courage_n in_o war_n be_v from_o the_o belief_n they_o have_v of_o the_o immortality_n of_o their_o soul_n a_o doctrine_n they_o receive_v from_o zamolx_n their_o great_a king_n and_o prophet_n according_a to_o lucan_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr bello_fw-la pharsal_a where_o speak_v of_o the_o goth_n he_o say_v certe_fw-la populi_fw-la quos_fw-la despicit_fw-la arctos_n faelices_fw-la errore_fw-la svo_fw-la quos_fw-la ille_fw-la timorum_fw-la maximus_fw-la haud_fw-la urget_fw-la lethi_fw-la metus_fw-la inde_fw-la ruendi_fw-la in_o ferrum_fw-la mens_fw-la prona_fw-la viris_fw-la animaeque_fw-la capaces_fw-la mortis_fw-la &_o ignavum_fw-la rediturae_fw-la parcere_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la their_o education_n and_o usage_n whilst_o young_a be_v such_o as_o best_a fit_v they_o for_o warlike_a erterprise_n and_o courageous_a exploit_n for_o their_o child_n as_o soon_o as_o bear_v be_v dip_v over_o head_n and_o ear_n first_o in_o cold_a then_o in_o hot_a water_n and_o as_o the_o spartan_a child_n use_v to_o be_v whip_v at_o the_o altar_n of_o their_o god_n these_o be_v constant_o lash_v with_o scourge_n till_o the_o blood_n gush_v out_o thereby_o to_o inure_v they_o to_o hardship_n nor_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o be_v their_o exercise_n or_o employment_n any_o other_o than_o such_o as_o agree_v best_a with_o man_n of_o a_o military_a constitution_n they_o practise_v tilt_n and_o tournament_n as_o do_v also_o the_o swede_n ride_v the_o great_a horse_n vault_a etc._n etc._n and_o for_o recreation_n chess-play_n as_o any_o one_o exceed_v another_o in_o rank_n and_o quality_n so_o more_o and_o more_o noble_a performance_n be_v expect_v from_o they_o their_o king_n son_n be_v never_o admit_v to_o sit_v at_o table_n with_o or_o scarce_o come_v into_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o father_n before_o they_o have_v receive_v some_o signal_n testimony_n of_o their_o courage_n from_o the_o very_a chief_a of_o their_o enemy_n as_o be_v report_v of_o the_o longabard_n a_o people_n say_v wolf_n lazius_n ancient_o inhabit_v scandia_n who_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o alvinus_fw-la son_n to_o their_o king_n odvinus_n obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o gepidae_n request_v that_o their_o general_n who_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n have_v slay_v the_o king_n of_o the_o gepidae_n son_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o sit_v with_o he_o at_o the_o public_a or_o triumphal_a banquet_n but_o the_o king_n refuse_v their_o address_n and_o tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o custom_n of_o they_o and_o the_o gothick_n nation_n in_o general_n that_o their_o king_n son_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o eat_v with_o his_o father_n before_o he_o have_v commendation_n of_o his_o valour_n from_o another_o prince_n this_o the_o son_n hear_v take_v with_o he_o forty_o soldier_n go_v to_o jurismundus_n camp_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o gepidae_n name_v and_o tell_v he_o he_o be_v the_o man_n who_o slay_v his_o son_n in_o battle_n desire_v of_o he_o a_o testimonial_a of_o his_o courage_n the_o king_n admire_v his_o boldness_n courteous_o receive_v he_o place_v he_o by_o he_o in_o his_o dead_a son_n room_n and_o give_v he_o the_o armour_n which_o he_o use_v to_o bear_v peaceable_o dismiss_v he_o lover_n they_o be_v though_o no_o great_a practiser_n of_o learning_n and_o according_a to_o the_o character_n johannes_n magnus_n give_v of_o they_o easy_o draw_v by_o persuasion_n then_o command_v as_o always_o hate_v and_o think_v it_o unworthy_a themselves_o to_o be_v inferior_a to_o any_o in_o knowledge_n or_o courage_n towards_o their_o friend_n courteous_a towards_o their_o enemy_n if_o obstinate_a cruel_a and_o revengeful_a if_o submissive_a none_o more_o merciful_a and_o kind_a and_o no_o nation_n ready_a than_o the_o goth_n to_o accept_v a_o parley_n or_o any_o overture_n of_o peace_n their_o wife_n of_o which_o they_o as_o also_o the_o scythian_n be_v allow_v plurality_n be_v not_o less_o valorous_a consider_v their_o sex_n than_o their_o husband_n they_o accompany_v they_o in_o all_o danger_n and_o frequent_o take_v up_o arm_n make_v a_o great_a and_o considerable_a part_n of_o their_o army_n as_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v in_o thracia_n and_o maesia_n when_o they_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o claudius_n the_o roman_a commander_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o woman_n always_o and_o upon_o every_o colony_n and_o detachment_n of_o goth_n send_v out_o of_o scandia_n several_a of_o which_o be_v mention_v by_o wolf_n lazius_n follow_v their_o husband_n for_o the_o law_n command_v the_o man_n to_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n or_o to_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n every_o one_o that_o presume_v to_o be_v absent_a after_o such_o a_o time_n be_v thereby_o adjudge_v dead_a in_o law_n and_o his_o next_o heir_n to_o enter_v upon_o his_o inheritance_n be_v chief_o procure_v by_o the_o woman_n who_o the_o goth_n at_o their_o departure_n have_v leave_v in_o suecia_n and_o gothia_n the_o virgin_n be_v take_v in_o marriage_n without_o any_o other_o dowry_n than_o their_o own_o perfection_n to_o commend_v they_o to_o their_o husband_n choice_n never_o have_v any_o portion_n give_v they_o adultery_n among_o they_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n with_o many_o suchlike_a custom_n which_o may_v be_v gather_v out_o of_o their_o law_n publish_v by_o isidore_n bishop_n of_o sevil_n in_o spain_n their_o manner_n of_o government_n be_v the_o best_a government_n their_o government_n and_o according_a to_o aristotle_n opinion_n the_o most_o natural_a of_o any_o the_o monarchical_a their_o king_n when_o distinct_a from_o the_o swedish_n not_o be_v bind_v in_o any_o covenant_n with_o his_o people_n nor_o hold_v his_o estate_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o subject_a whereupon_o perhaps_o their_o kingdom_n be_v more_o considerable_a in_o itself_o and_o more_o terrible_a to_o its_o enemy_n as_o be_v more_o expeditious_a in_o its_o determination_n and_o unite_v in_o its_o design_n than_o a_o democratical_a state_n be_v frequent_o find_v to_o be_v their_o king_n do_v not_o only_o bear_v rule_n over_o the_o goth_n their_o own_o nation_n but_o after_o their_o unite_n with_o the_o swede_n sometime_o command_v that_o people_n also_o though_o at_o present_a the_o king_n
come_n of_o the_o asian_o into_o these_o part_n say_v odin_n or_o woden_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o asae_n spread_v his_o language_n over_o saxony_n as_o well_o as_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n add_v further_o that_o within_o awhile_o the_o asian_a tongue_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v a_o difference_n between_o this_o tongue_n and_o the_o old_a teutonic_n may_v be_v have_v from_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o various_a phrase_n and_o propriety_n of_o speech_n use_v in_o both_o of_o they_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a differ_v and_o how_o vast_o the_o syntax_n of_o our_o english_a language_n be_v alter_v from_o the_o danish_a and_o german_a we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o confess_v before_o we_o pronounce_v these_o last_o two_o distinct_a primitive_a language_n that_o time_n be_v able_a strange_o to_o alter_v the_o 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of_o denmark_n be_v descend_v in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n except_o what_o pontanus_n seem_v not_o to_o allow_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n fail_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n iii_o a._n d._n 1448_o the_o power_n of_o the_o danish_a nobility_n in_o council_n be_v exceed_o great_a but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o to_o make_v the_o supreme_a government_n aristocratical_a some_o will_v argue_v that_o the_o noble_n be_v above_o the_o king_n since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o deny_v to_o crown_n frederic_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1559_o till_o he_o have_v swear_v never_o to_o pretend_v to_o be_v able_a by_o his_o own_o authority_n to_o put_v any_o nobleman_n to_o death_n from_o this_o and_o some_o other_o like_o instance_n bodinus_fw-la endeavour_n to_o prove_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n petty_a prince_n rather_o than_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o remember_v that_o even_o in_o france_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v requisite_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n that_o every_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n shall_v make_v some_o solemn_a vow_n to_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o privilege_n of_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n and_o if_o in_o the_o case_n mention_v the_o nobility_n of_o denmark_n require_v their_o king_n to_o lay_v a_o strict_a obligation_n on_o himself_o than_o be_v usual_a the_o performance_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o not_o constrain_v the_o subject_n may_v possible_o upon_o the_o king_n refusal_n to_o gratify_v they_o have_v rebel_v against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n but_o can_v not_o just_o have_v compel_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n before_o the_o year_n 1660_o king_n king_n the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v not_o as_o norway_n hereditary_a but_o elective_a yet_o so_o that_o the_o senator_n usual_o choose_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o their_o king_n who_o thenceforward_o be_v style_v the_o prince_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o heir_n of_o norway_n the_o election_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v common_o have_v in_o this_o solemn_a manner_n as_o many_o of_o the_o noble_n as_o be_v senator_n and_o have_v power_n to_o give_v their_o voice_n agree_v upon_o some_o convenient_a place_n in_o the_o field_n where_o seat_v themselves_o in_o a_o circle_n upon_o so_o many_o great_a stone_n they_o give_v their_o vote_n this_o do_v they_o place_v their_o new_a elect_a monarch_n in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o stone_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o salute_v he_o king_n in_o seland_n to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o company_n of_o stone_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kongstolen_a or_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o story_n of_o a_o great_a stone_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n morastaen_n near_o vpsal_n in_o sweden_n near_a st._n buriens_fw-la in_o cornwall_n in_o a_o place_n which_o the_o cornish-man_n call_v biscow-woune_a be_v to_o be_v see_v nineteen_o stone_n set_v in_o a_o round_a circle_n distant_a every_o one_o about_o twelve_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o very_a centre_n one_o pitch_v far_o high_a and_o great_a than_o the_o rest_n this_o cambden_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v some_o trophy_n erect_v by_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n or_o else_o by_o athelstane_n the_o saxon_a when_o he_o have_v subdue_v cornwall_n and_o bring_v it_o under_o his_o dominion_n but_o wormius_n more_o probable_o guess_n that_o in_o this_o place_n some_o danish_a or_o saxon_a king_n be_v elect_v by_o his_o follower_n and_o i_o conceive_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o long_n meg_n and_o her_o daughter_n near_o little_a salkeld_n in_o cumberland_n but_o to_o return_v to_o denmark_n of_o late_a year_n the_o dane_n in_o their_o election_n have_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n till_o frederic_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1660_o who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o venture_v to_o exercise_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o dependence_n his_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o subject_n procure_v with_o fair_a word_n and_o threat_n a_o law_n to_o be_v establish_v that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n shall_v immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n death_n descend_v upon_o his_o lawful_a heir_n whereupon_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n v._o be_v the_o same_o night_n his_o father_n die_v without_o any_o previous_a election_n or_o consent_v ask_v of_o the_o nobility_n proclaim_v king_n the_o rite_n of_o coronation_n be_v usual_o perform_v at_o copenhagen_n where_o the_o king_n be_v anoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o roschild_n the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v king_n catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o exact_a catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n saxon_a grammaticus_n who_o live_v say_v stephanus_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n have_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a many_o story_n out_o of_o the_o scatter_a fragment_n of_o old_a runic_a inscription_n and_o ancient_a ballad_n and_o to_o relate_v they_o in_o a_o better_a method_n and_o stile_n than_o can_v be_v well_o expect_v from_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o best_a he_o meet_v with_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v of_o more_o authority_n than_o such_o venerable_a scrap_n of_o chronicle_n as_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o monumenta_fw-la danica_n and_o see_v how_o these_o two_o run_v counter_a it_o be_v hard_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o relation_n he_o give_v we_o and_o yet_o as_o difficult_a to_o provide_v ourselves_o of_o a_o better_a the_o first_o rational_a account_n give_v we_o of_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n which_o we_o may_v safe_o rely_v upon_o for_o truth_n be_v in_o our_o english_a chronicle_n which_o as_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o ol._n rosecrantz_n former_o danish_a ambassador_n in_o england_n treat_v more_o full_o and_o clear_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n than_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a historian_n wherefore_o omit_v the_o relation_n give_v of_o dan_fw-mi humblus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o heathen_a king_n as_o either_o false_a or_o frivolous_a we_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a register_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n since_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o 1._o harald_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o brother_n reinferd_n accomplice_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n for_o help_v who_o assist_v he_o in_o regain_n of_o his_o crown_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v forsake_v his_o idolatry_n and_o turn_v
christian_n whereupon_o he_o be_v baptize_v in_o the_o year_n 826_o and_o immediate_o restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o he_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o continue_v heathen_a till_o reclaim_v by_o st._n anschar_n who_o for_o his_o good_a office_n in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 835._o 2._o eric_n succeed_v his_o brother_n harald_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o cruelty_n against_o the_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o day_n about_o the_o year_n 853_o the_o dane_n first_o enter_v france_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n rollo_n though_o other_o more_o probable_o relate_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o northern_a rover_n that_o invade_v france_n but_o to_o have_v succeed_v to_o gotfrid_n and_o to_o have_v enter_v france_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o and_o not_o to_o have_v be_v peaceable_o settle_v in_o normandy_n till_o 889_o or_o 890_o see_v the_o history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o that_o part_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n 3._o eric_n barn_n or_o the_o child_n be_v the_o only_a male_n leave_v alive_a of_o the_o royal_a family_n after_o the_o bloody_a war_n between_o his_o predecessor_n and_o guthorm_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n happy_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n guthorm_n but_o within_o awhile_o he_o grow_v more_o cruel_a than_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v slay_v more_o bishop_n and_o destroy_v more_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n both_o in_o germany_n and_o england_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n put_v together_o in_o his_o german_a war_n he_o slay_v brunno_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o twelve_o count_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 902._o 4._o canutus_n the_o hairy_a or_o lodneknudt_fw-ge succeed_v his_o father_n eric_n in_o his_o day_n say_v king_n eric_n in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la every_o three_o man_n in_o denmark_n go_v by_o lot_n to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n so_o that_o those_o who_o march_v off_o overrun_v all_o prussia_n semgal_n curland_n and_o several_a other_o country_n whence_o they_o never_o return_v but_o there_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n he_o die_v a_o heathen_a about_o the_o year_n 912._o 5._o after_o the_o death_n of_o canutus_n the_o danish_a sceptre_n be_v give_v to_o frotho_n his_o son_n so_o say_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n though_o lindenbruch_n report_v that_o his_o brother_n sueno_n reign_v nine_o year_n he_o be_v twenty_o year_n king_n of_o england_n and_o denmark_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o die_v a_o good_a christian_n 6._o gormo_n gormund_n or_o guthrum_n surname_v hartesnute_n and_o engelend_a because_o bear_v in_o england_n succeed_v his_o father_n he_o together_o with_o his_o follower_n be_v baptize_v at_o aalre_a in_o sommersetshire_n and_o have_v our_o learned_a and_o pious_a king_n aelfr_v to_o his_o godfather_n who_o at_o the_o font_n give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o athelstane_n and_o afterward_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n from_o this_o gormo_n a_o village_n near_o huntingdon_n call_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n corrupt_o godman-chester_n have_v its_o name_n gormon-chester_n as_o cambden_n prove_v from_o that_o old_a verse_n gormonis_fw-la a_o castri_fw-la nomine_fw-la nomen_fw-la habet_fw-la i_o be_o very_o unwilling_a i_o must_v confess_v to_o confound_v this_o gormo_n with_o king_n aelfred_n godson_n who_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v from_o english_a writer_n never_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n neither_o do_v the_o time_n agree_v but_o the_o danish_a historian_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o confusion_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o writing_n 7._o harald_n surname_v blaatand_v succeed_v his_o father_n gormo_n in_o his_o day_n the_o dane_n throw_v up_o that_o famous_a trench_n between_o gottorp_n and_o sleswic_n call_v dannewirck_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o 8._o sueno_n or_o svenotho_n surname_v tuiskeg_n i._n e._n fork'd-beard_n succeed_v harald_n at_o first_o he_o be_v a_o heathen_a and_o a_o severe_a persecutor_n of_o the_o christian_n but_o afterward_o he_o turn_v christian_n himself_o and_o found_v three_o bishopric_n at_o sleswic_n ripe_n and_o arhuse_v some_o say_v he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1012_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o york_n other_o make_v he_o live_v till_o the_o year_n 1014_o and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n in_o denmark_n 9_o canutus_n the_o great_a son_n to_o sueno_n he_o be_v at_o once_o king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n norway_n slavonia_n and_o sambland_n some_o make_v he_o king_n or_o duke_n at_o least_o of_o normandy_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o old_a distich_n which_o not_o reckon_v either_o slavonia_n or_o sambland_n a_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o in_o thus_o speak_v of_o himself_o facta_fw-la mihi_fw-la magni_fw-la pepererunt_fw-la inclyta_fw-la nomen_fw-la quinque_fw-la sub_fw-la imperio_fw-la regna_fw-la fuere_fw-la meo_fw-la he_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 1036_o after_o he_o have_v be_v twenty-seven_o year_n king_n of_o denmark_n twentyfour_o of_o england_n and_o seven_o of_o norway_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n to_o his_o son_n 10._o hardicnute_a who_o within_o four_o year_n obtain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n harald_n here_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1041_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o winchester_n 11._o magnus_n king_n of_o norway_n seize_v on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o hardicnute_a pretend_v a_o title_n to_o it_o by_o contract_n but_o he_o enjoy_v it_o not_o long_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1048_o and_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o 12._o sveno_fw-la esthret_n son_n on_o one_o vlf_n a_o english_a earl_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o leave_v behind_o he_o five_o son_n who_o all_o of_o they_o sit_v successive_o in_o their_o father_n throne_n 13._o harald_n sveno_n elder_a son_n hold_v the_o sceptre_n only_o two_o year_n he_o be_v a_o soft_a easy_a and_o timorous_a prince_n afraid_a to_o punish_v offender_n or_o to_o look_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n so_o that_o the_o english_a make_v use_n of_o the_o opportunity_n shake_v off_o the_o danish_a yoke_n without_o any_o considerable_a molestation_n 14._o st._n canutus_n king_n swain_n second_o son_n be_v barbarous_o murder_v in_o st._n alban_n church_n in_o odensee_n a_o city_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o funen_n whither_o he_o flee_v for_o sanctuary_n from_o the_o rage_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1088_o pontanus_n say_v 1077_o the_o occasion_n be_v this_o the_o pious_a king_n command_v that_o all_o his_o subject_n shall_v pay_v tithe_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n this_o edict_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o people_n by_o his_o brother_n olaf_n who_o long_v for_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a whereupon_o they_o quick_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n against_o their_o sovereign_n who_o to_o appease_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o rabble_n be_v martyr_v 15._o olaf_n swain_n three_o son_n upon_o the_o slaughter_n of_o his_o brother_n cnute_n which_o he_o traitorous_o have_v procure_v be_v by_o his_o follower_n unanimous_o declare_v king_n but_o his_o brother_n blood_n go_v not_o long_o unrevenged_a for_o in_o this_o king_n day_n the_o famine_n be_v so_o great_a in_o denmark_n that_o even_o the_o king_n household_n want_v bread_n olaf_n at_o last_o sensible_a that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o sin_n pray_v that_o god_n will_v turn_v the_o current_n of_o his_o vengeance_n from_o the_o people_n upon_o his_o head_n that_o have_v offend_v his_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o the_o same_o night_n in_o the_o year_n 1096_o he_o die_v hungry_a and_o miserable_a and_o the_o famine_n immediate_o abate_v 16._o eric_n swain_n four_o son_n surname_v the_o good_a for_o his_o religious_a zeal_n and_o piety_n who_o die_v in_o his_o pilgrimage_n towards_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o in_o his_o day_n lunden_n be_v make_v a_o archbishop_n see_v before_o which_o time_n all_o the_o danish_a bishop_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 17._o nicolas_n sveno_n young_a son_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o jute_n in_o revenge_n of_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
top_n of_o a_o hill_n command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n be_v first_o build_v by_o adolph_n of_o schaumburg_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o holstein_n earl_n adolph_n iv_o found_v a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_a minorite_n in_o this_o city_n which_o upon_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n into_o this_o country_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a territory_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hospital_n 2._o rensborg_n or_o reinholsburg_n found_v by_o one_o reinold_n of_o who_o we_o have_v no_o further_o account_v then_o that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o some_o great_a nobleman_n this_o be_v the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n environ_v with_o the_o byder_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v by_o earl_n gerhard_n the_o great_a 3._o wilster_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o soon_o after_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o stor_n 4._o nieumunster_n seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n of_o the_o stor_n not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n be_v only_o a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o saxony_n until_o lotharius_n great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bestow_v it_o upon_o adolph_n earl_n of_o schaumburg_n or_o schouwanburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1114._o since_o which_o time_n we_o have_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n 1._o adolph_n of_o schouwenburg_n the_o first_o absolute_a prince_n of_o holstein_n on_o who_o the_o earldom_n be_v bestow_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o his_o german_a and_o danish_a war_n 2._o adolph_n ii_o son_n to_o adolph_n the_o i._o have_v obtain_v his_o father_n earldom_n cast_v out_o the_o slavonian_n who_o a_o little_a before_o his_o time_n have_v overrun_v all_o this_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o plant_v in_o their_o room_n colony_n of_o german_n frisian_n and_o nether_a saxon_n in_o the_o quarrel_n among_o the_o three_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n sueno_n canutus_n and_o waldemar_n he_o side_v with_o canutus_n and_o have_v settle_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o king_n sueno_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o promise_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arms._n he_o leave_v the_o earldom_n to_o his_o son_n 3_o adolph_n iii_o who_o after_o many_o skirmish_n and_o battle_n with_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o keep_v close_a prisoner_n by_o that_o king_n who_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o some_o other_o grant_v he_o his_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n which_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v hitherto_o pretend_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n or_o any_o other_o place_n former_o subject_a to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o quiet_o retire_v to_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o ancestor_n at_o schouwenburg_n but_o these_o article_n though_o at_o the_o first_o secure_v by_o hostage_n be_v not_o long_o observe_v by_o his_o son_n 4._o adolph_n iu._n who_o associate_a to_o himself_o henry_n earl_n of_o zurin_n gerhard_n bishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o some_o other_o petit_fw-fr prince_n begin_v a_o rebellion_n against_o king_n waldemar_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n his_o father_n have_v be_v beat_v out_o of_o and_o renounce_v his_o son_n 5._o gerhard_n enjoy_v peaceable_o the_o dominion_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o be_v for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n at_o imsburg_n by_o the_o folchung_n a_o noble_a family_n in_o sweden_n for_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o ingemar_n a_o upstart_n gentleman_n but_o great_a favourite_n of_o their_o king_n magnus_n who_o they_o slay_v in_o a_o rage_n and_o cast_v his_o companion_n into_o prison_n 6._o henry_n gerhards_n son_n be_v the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o a_o custom-house_n in_o hamburg_n which_o bring_v in_o no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o successor_n 7._o gerhard_n the_o second_o son_n of_o henry_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o christopher_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v make_v protector_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n waldemar_n the_o three_o by_o these_o advantage_n his_o power_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o he_o venture_v to_o style_v himself_o duke_n of_o jutland_n and_o by_o degree_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n if_o not_o timely_o take_v off_o by_o one_o ebbo_n a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o murder_v he_o in_o his_o bed_n at_o randerhusen_n 8._o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o gerhard_n ii_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o ambassador_n send_v from_o that_o court_n a._n d._n 1363._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o candour_n courteous_a in_o his_o behaviour_n and_o exceed_o chaste_a and_o temperate_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n in_o short_a a_o man_n that_o have_v in_o he_o all_o the_o royal_a virtue_n that_o may_v deserve_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o modesty_n to_o refuse_v one_o when_o offer_v 9_o gerhard_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v son_fw-it after_o he_o have_v get_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n annex_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dithmarss_n who_o he_o have_v require_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n his_o son_n 10._o henry_n the_o three_o be_v deny_v that_o right_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n which_o his_o father_n have_v enjoy_v make_v war_n against_o eric_n the_o eight_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o which_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o flensburg_n he_o be_v slay_v 11._o adolph_n v._o common_o call_v the_o twelve_o by_o those_o that_o reckon_v all_o the_o earl_n of_o young_a house_n succeed_v his_o brother_n henry_n and_o be_v the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1440_o he_o receive_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o christopher_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n swear_v fealty_n to_o that_o crown_n christian_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n son_n of_o hedvigis_fw-la sister_n to_o henry_n and_o adolph_n the_o two_o last_o earl_n of_o holstein_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n adolph_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o dithmarss_n and_o change_v into_o a_o dukedom_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o a._n d._n 1474._o when_o this_o christian_a be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n become_v a_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o germany_n to_o their_o crown_n be_v reckon_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o duke_n of_o holstein_n though_o not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o any_o diet._n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o holstein_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v give_v to_o adolph_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n a._n d._n 1562_o who_o govern_v it_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n by_o turn_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o this_o duke_n and_o his_o issue_n male_a the_o title_n be_v confer_v on_o vlric_n king_n christian_n the_o four_o brother_n since_o his_o day_n there_o have_v be_v several_a house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n as_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n among_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n be_v chief_a and_o challenge_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v at_o first_o confer_v upon_o duke_n adolph_n king_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n jealous_a of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gottorp_n force_v this_o prince_n to_o quit_v his_o dukedom_n and_o leave_v his_o majesty_n in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o holstein_n but_o at_o the_o sign_v of_o the_o treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n at_o fountenblaeu_o on_o the_o second_o of_o september_n 1679_o the_o danish_a minister_n promise_v their_o master_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n restore_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n all_o his_o country_n town_n and_o place_n in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v and_o the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o all_o which_o he_o
unanimous_a be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o whole_a island_n against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n the_o language_n ancient_o speak_v in_o rugen_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n tongue_n language_n language_n but_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n assist_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o island_n the_o wendish_n manner_n and_o language_n be_v utter_o abolish_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o rugen_n as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1404_o there_o be_v one_o old_a woman_n leave_v in_o the_o isle_n that_o understand_v perfect_o and_o can_v speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n and_o some_o few_o especial_o where_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n officer_n keep_v their_o residence_n speak_v swedish_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o be_v convert_v from_o their_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n religion_n religion_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n helmondus_n seem_v to_o point_v more_o especial_o at_o the_o rugian_o when_o he_o say_v inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la autem_fw-la borealium_fw-la populos_fw-la sola_fw-la slavorum_n provincia_n remansit_fw-la caeteris_fw-la durior_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la credendum_fw-la tardior_fw-la however_o about_o the_o year_n 813_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a monk_n venture_v to_o preach_v up_o christianity_n to_o these_o stubborn_a people_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n as_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n to_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o the_o true_a faith_n but_o they_o as_o quick_o abandon_v christianity_n and_o relapse_v into_o their_o former_a idolatry_n for_o as_o upon_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n in_o lycaonia_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o st._n barnabas_n and_o st._n paul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o mercury_n so_o these_o poor_a people_n mistake_v god_n minister_n for_o god_n himself_o idolise_v st._n vite_fw-la a_o poor_a monk_n that_o have_v undertake_v their_o conversion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o swant_n which_o name_n be_v afterward_o give_v to_o a_o monstrous_a four_o head_a image_n which_o they_o worship_v in_o a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o this_o idol_n all_o the_o rugian_o repair_v as_o to_o a_o oracle_n for_o advice_n and_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o have_v make_v a_o safe_a voyage_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v up_o some_o of_o their_o best_a merchandise_n as_o a_o tribute_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o this_o grand_a tutelary_a god_n of_o the_o island_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v keep_v constant_o for_o the_o service_n of_o swant_n one_o whereof_o be_v white_a and_o never_o rid_v but_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n this_o horse_n be_v now_o and_o then_o show_v to_o the_o people_n in_o a_o morning_n all_o over_o besmear_v with_o dirt_n and_o sweat_n the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n protest_v to_o the_o multitude_n that_o swant_n himself_o have_v bring_v the_o beast_n into_o that_o pickle_n by_o engage_v with_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n of_o rugen_n the_o night_n before_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_v this_o idol_n which_o stand_v in_o arcona_n the_o famous_a city_n in_o old_a rugen_n before_o mention_v be_v thus_o the_o chief_a priest_n look_v into_o a_o horn_n which_o the_o image_n hold_v in_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o which_o have_v be_v fill_v the_o year_n before_o with_o a_o precious_a liquor_n prognosticate_v from_o the_o good_a quantity_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v the_o plenty_n or_o dearth_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o do_v with_o his_o lip_n shut_v for_o fear_v of_o harm_v the_o idol_n with_o his_o breath_n he_o very_o solemn_o pour_v out_o the_o remain_a liquor_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o image_n and_o have_v replenish_v it_o afresh_o place_v it_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reverence_n in_o the_o god_n right_a hand_n whence_o he_o have_v take_v it_o down_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o anniversary_n feast_v and_o jollity_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n the_o rugian_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n until_o by_o a_o continual_a conversation_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o pomeranian_o they_o be_v almost_o insensible_o turn_v christian_n and_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o at_o last_o whole_o quit_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rugen_n be_v as_o zealous_a assertor_n and_o maintainer_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n as_o any_o german_n whatever_n the_o isle_n be_v ancient_o govern_v by_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o grammar_n grammar_n who_o dominion_n reach_v beyond_o the_o narrow_a boundary_n the_o sea_n have_v set_v they_o a_o great_a way_n into_o pomeren_n take_v in_o all_o the_o territory_n near_o stralsund_n gripswald_n and_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n antiquity_n will_v afford_v we_o a_o register_n of_o eleven_o prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o those_o in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o wislaus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 938._o 2._o grimus_fw-la remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o his_o fill_v up_o a_o space_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o these_o prince_n 3._o cruco_n or_o crito_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o obatriti_n in_o the_o year_n 1100_o who_o after_o he_o have_v for_o some_o year_n exercise_v idolatry_n and_o tyranny_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v depose_v and_o slay_v by_o henry_n son_n of_o gothscalc_n another_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o the_o say_v obitriti_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o his_o wife_n schlavine_n daughter_n to_o swantibor_n i._o prince_n of_o pomeren_n 4._o raze_v a_o great_a warrior_n who_o besiege_v lubec_n and_o take_v it_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1141._o 5._o teslaus_n a_o prince_n who_o have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n two_o whereof_z eric_n vi._n and_o sueno_n iii_o he_o as_o often_o overcome_v as_o he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o but_o at_o last_o be_v utter_o vanquish_v and_o make_v tributary_n by_o king_n waldemar_n 6._o jarimar_n teslaus_n brother_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o rugen_n that_o embrace_v christianity_n 7._o barmita_n arimar'_v son_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1241._o 8._o witzlaus_n ii_o barmita_n brother_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o campen_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1247._o 9_o jarimar_n ii_o witzlaus_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o immediate_o after_o his_o admittance_n to_o the_o government_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o after_o many_o engagement_n get_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n ease_v from_o that_o yoke_n in_o the_o year_n 1259._o 10._o witzlaus_n iii_o jarimar_n the_o second_o be_v son_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o liefland_n where_o himself_o sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o priest_n preach_v christianity_n to_o the_o poor_a infidel_n of_o those_o part_n 11._o witzlaus_n iv_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o rugen_n of_o this_o family_n upon_o the_o unruly_a growth_n of_o the_o great_a city_n of_o stralsund_n the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n find_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o grapple_v with_o this_o prince_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o subject_n to_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n if_o by_o violence_n or_o otherwise_o they_o can_v procure_v their_o liberty_n whereupon_o they_o open_o proclaim_v themselves_o a_o free_a city_n declare_v that_o neither_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n can_v lawful_o pretend_v to_o exact_v any_o tribute_n or_o homage_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n upon_o the_o noise_n of_o this_o revolt_n prince_n witzlaus_n assist_v by_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a king_n and_o prince_n besiege_v stralsund_v demand_v submission_n together_o with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o unpardonable_a crime_n in_o dare_v to_o make_v so_o traitorous_a a_o revolt_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o the_o stralsunder_v not_o only_o persist_v in_o the_o resolution_n of_o assert_v their_o liberty_n to_o the_o last_o but_o brave_o withstand_v the_o assault_n of_o witzlaus_n and_o his_o associate_n and_o after_o many_o hot_a dispute_n slay_v this_o prince_n in_o a_o sally_n thereby_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o whole_a lineage_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1325._o after_o this_o the_o island_n of_o rugen_n with_o other_o part_n of_o that_o principality_n upon_o the_o continent_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o
hludovicus_fw-la rex_fw-la missis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la sine_fw-la bello_fw-la compressit_fw-la acceptisque_fw-la obsidibus_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la &_o muneribus_fw-la non_fw-la paucis_fw-la eos_fw-la sub_fw-la pristinum_fw-la redegit_fw-la servitium_fw-la i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o punctual_a in_o allege_v these_o authority_n because_o i_o find_v the_o polish_v writer_n obstinate_o deny_v that_o the_o silesian_n have_v in_o these_o day_n any_o other_o lord_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o polish_v chronicle_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o the_o forementioned_a german_a relation_n when_o he_o say_v that_o boleslaus_n i._o annex_v seleucia_n prussia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o bohemia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n which_o intimate_v thus_o much_o that_o former_o seleucia_n or_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o some_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o year_n 1042_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iii_o give_v a_o grant_n of_o silesia_n to_o bretislaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n who_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o polander_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v for_o ever_o pay_v out_o of_o it_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n afterterwards_o henry_n iv_o at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o mentz_n a._n d._n 1086_o give_v power_n to_o vratislau_n king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o invade_v silesia_n lusatia_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o his_o own_o government_n as_o be_v testify_v by_o cosmas_n pragensis_n who_o be_v himself_o present_a at_o the_o diet._n this_o cromer_n can_v deny_v but_o only_o in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o passion_n assert_n that_o neither_o the_o emperor_n henry_n nor_o king_n vratislaus_n have_v ever_o any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o these_o territory_n this_o assignment_n of_o silesia_n occasion_v war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o polander_n the_o late_a whereof_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v conqueror_n since_o we_o read_v that_o the_o silesian_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o boleslaus_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o king_n son_n vladislaus_n ii_o be_v banish_v by_o his_o brother_n who_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o poland_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o who_o successor_n frideric_n i._o force_v king_n boleslaus_n iv_o to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n to_o this_o exile_a brother_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o vladislaus_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n boleslaus_n mieczislaus_n and_o conrade_n who_o be_v joint-dukes_n of_o silesia_n but_o pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o flock_v in_o of_o the_o german_n into_o silesia_n with_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o son_n and_o their_o settle_v themselves_o in_o this_o dukedom_n breed_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o bad_a blood_n betwixt_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o polander_n insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_v seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n to_o the_o general_a assembly_n or_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o that_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v they_o ever_o admit_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n though_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v elective_a they_o have_v often_o the_o just_a title_n to_o it_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n vii_o be_v a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o these_o dissension_n manage_v they_o so_o well_o to_o his_o own_o advantage_n that_o at_o last_o he_o become_v lord_n of_o silesia_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v with_o casimir_n the_o great_a king_n of_o poland_n however_o by_o this_o treaty_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v not_o make_v over_o to_o he_o for_o bernhard_n duke_n of_o sweidnitz_n still_o acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n as_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n prove_v out_o of_o several_a ancient_a record_n of_o that_o nation_n afterward_o casimir_n the_o great_a recover_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o wschovia_n contrary_a say_v curaeus_n to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n sign_v by_o he_o and_o the_o forementioned_a john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o conquest_n or_o rather_o outrage_n commit_v by_o the_o say_v casimir_n soldier_n in_o the_o year_n 1343_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v keep_v actual_a possession_n of_o wschovia_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n jagellonides_n iu._n john_n duke_n of_o oswiecieme_n venture_v upon_o a_o affront_n give_v he_o to_o invade_v poland_n and_o to_o lay_v waste_n several_a town_n and_o village_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o polander_n to_o make_v themselves_o satisfaction_n for_o this_o injury_n march_v into_o this_o duke_n territory_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o whole_a country_n before_o they_o until_o duke_n john_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v the_o business_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n resign_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o whole_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o oswieciem_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v that_o city_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n dominion_n in_o the_o year_n 1454._o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o ratibor_n and_o sessine_n make_v over_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sever_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o successor_n be_v lord_n of_o it_o to_o this_o day_n some_o other_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n do_v still_o belong_v to_o certain_a abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n but_o all_o the_o most_o note_a province_n except_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n of_o which_o in_o its_o place_n be_v reckon_v dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n upon_o which_o score_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o silesia_n this_o great_a dukedom_n be_v common_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a silesia_n diviâ—â—_n diviâ—â—_n in_o the_o former_a whereof_o be_v contain_v the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o jagerndorf_n troppau_n teschen_n ratibor_n and_o oppelen_n and_o in_o the_o late_a the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkau_n and_o neisse_n brieg_n bresslau_n oelss_o munsterberg_n schweidnitz_n javer_n lignitz_n glogau_n sagan_n and_o crossen_n another_o division_n of_o it_o be_v into_o the_o polish_v and_o german_n silesia_n whereof_o the_o first_o contain_v all_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o northern_a bank_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o late_a that_o on_o the_o southern_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v vast_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v that_o kingdom_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bohemia_n soil_n soil_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n sudetes_n or_o risen-bergen_a whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o bohemia_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n the_o four_o chief_a mountain_n be_v 1._o zottenberg_n or_o zobtenberg_n call_v by_o latin_a author_n mons_fw-la zotensis_n zabothus_n and_o sometime_o silensis_n or_o silentius_n it_o be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n be_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o schweidnitz_n call_v the_o silesian_n wethercock_n for_o by_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o pretend_v to_o guess_v what_o weather_n they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o next_o morning_n on_o the_o top_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n storm_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1471_o because_o it_o have_v be_v for_o several_a year_n the_o harbour_n and_o refuge_n of_o a_o great_a company_n of_o robber_n who_o here_o keep_v their_o rendezvous_n and_o daily_o infest_a the_o vicenage_n out_o of_o this_o hill_n the_o silesian_n dig_v a_o delicate_a dark-green_a marble_n 2._o gratsberg_n or_o grodisberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o duke_n frideric_n the_o first_o build_v a_o fair_a castle_n which_o be_v since_o turn_v into_o a_o watch-tower_n 3._o spitsberg_n another_o beacon-hill_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a 4._o georgenberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n famous_a for_o the_o strigische_n err_v or_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o hard_a earth_n with_o several_a white_a yellow_a and_o red_a stroke_n or_o vein_n in_o it_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v by_o a_o excellent_a chemist_n john_n montanus_n physician_n at_o strigaw_n and_o by_o he_o make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o antidote_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o poison_n and_o a_o sovereign_a medicine_n for_o a_o great_a many_o disease_n which_o he_o cure_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o facility_n the_o secret_a he_o keep_v for_o some_o year_n to_o himself_o but_o at_o last_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n and_o all_o mankind_n publish_v a_o
the_o reader_n for_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n reichenbach_n polckenhahn_n landeshut_n freyberg_n friedberg_n fridland_n zobten_n waldberg_n and_o gottesberg_n 3._o brieg_n brieg_n brieg_n or_o brig_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n berega_n which_o signify_v a_o exceed_a high_a bank_n of_o a_o river_n such_o as_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o street_n here_o be_v uniform_a enough_o and_o the_o house_n general_o build_v of_o stone_n st._n nicholas_n church_n be_v a_o high_a and_o stately_a old_a fabric_n beautify_v with_o two_o tower_n and_o build_v after_o the_o ancient_a franckish_a mode_n this_o whole_a city_n except_v only_o some_o few_o public_a building_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n by_o the_o hussites_n who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o bohemia_n and_o silesia_n in_o the_o year_n 1428._o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brieg_n be_v reckon_v the_o town_n of_o strelen_n olau_n nimptsch_n pitschen_n creutzburg_n loben_n michelau_n and_o little_a oelsse_n the_o two_o mine-town_n of_o reichenstein_n and_o silberberg_n be_v joint_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brieg_n and_o lignitz_n who_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a hereditary_a king_n of_o poland_n 4._o monsterberg_n monsterberg_n monsterberg_n or_o munsterberg_n so_o call_v from_o the_o monastery_n build_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n ola_n in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n the_o town_n be_v neither_o large_a nor_o strong_a and_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o note_n but_o the_o school_n a_o old_a castle_n and_o a_o fair_a town-hall_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v the_o town_n of_o franckenstein_n and_o warta_n to_o which_o some_o historian_n and_o geographer_n be_v please_v to_o add_v hainrichau_n tepliwoda_n and_o kamentz_n 5._o oppelen_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o sandy_a and_o dry_a oppelen_n oppelen_n but_o fruitful_a country_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o prevail_v with_o the_o emperor_n to_o withdraw_v all_o his_o force_n and_o subject_n hence_o in_o the_o year_n 1647._o since_o which_o time_n the_o citizen_n of_o oppelen_n and_o all_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o village_n near_o it_o speak_v the_o polish_v language_n if_o strong_a gate_n and_o thick_a wall_n be_v proof_n against_o modern_a siege_n this_o town_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v against_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o otherwise_o its_o fortification_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a among_o the_o many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o this_o dukedom_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v little_a glogaw_n neustat_n kosel_n beudten_n gleibitz_fw-fr tost_n strehlitz_n falckenberg_n zultz_n rosenberg_n lublinitz_n and_o schurgast_n ix_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n jegerndorf_n troppau_n ratibor_n and_o teschen_n crotkaw_n be_v a_o city_n of_o no_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bulk_n as_o its_o name_n seem_v to_o intimate_v but_o so_o well_o seat_v that_o it_o be_v a_o proverb_n in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a as_o for_o a_o grotkawer_n to_o starve_v or_o freeze_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o expression_n be_v ground_v upon_o each_o burger_n have_v a_o plentiful_a share_n in_o the_o adjacent_a cornfield_n and_o neighbour_a wood_n most_o of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o town_n be_v wood-building_n only_o the_o church_n bishop_n palace_n and_o the_o town-hall_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o sometime_o its_o lieutenant_n be_v a_o polander_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o neisse_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n otmachau_n wansen_n ziegenhals_n freywald_n hozenplotz_n jawernick_n kaltenstein_n patschkau_n oy_a weidau_n and_o zackmantel_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o the_o citizen_n of_o neisse_n be_v in_o make_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o bohemia_n and_o poland_n a_o sort_n of_o strong_a and_o durable_a linnen-cloth_n for_o bed_n and_o bolster_n 2._o jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n which_o signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n a_o village_n inhabit_v by_o huntsman_n and_o have_v its_o name_n probable_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n the_o moravian_o call_v this_o town_n carnowf_n whence_o the_o dukedom_n be_v ordinary_o by_o latin_a author_n name_v ducatus_fw-la carnoviensis_fw-la and_o a_o citizen_n of_o this_o place_n carnowfsky_n from_o the_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v a_o pair_n of_o horn_n between_o two_o great_a stone_n this_o city_n with_o the_o small_a dukedom_n which_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v give_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n to_o george_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v the_o castle_n and_o erect_v the_o other_o little_a fortification_n that_o defend_v the_o town_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la grotganus_fw-la cum_fw-la districtu_fw-la episcopali_fw-la nissensi_fw-la to_o john_n nicholls_n esq_n of_o trewane_n in_o cornwall_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la arx_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n nobilis_fw-la pagus_n episcopalis_fw-la commenda_fw-la comitatus_fw-la glatz_n notae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la vicus_n arx_n auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_fw-la fordinae_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la kohloruben_n holtz_n fluesse_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o and_o all_o other_o town_n and_o village_n in_o the_o dukedom_n observe_v the_o same_o law_n with_o the_o moravian_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o associate_v themselves_o to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o renounce_v all_o dependence_n upon_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n but_o have_v always_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o troppau_n who_o have_v still_o be_v zealous_a to_o continue_v member_n of_o their_o ancient_a body_n 4._o ratibor_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a about_o six_o german_a mile_n from_o oppelen_n we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o it_o before_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1164_o so_o that_o most_o geographer_n venture_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v build_v about_o that_o time_n the_o private_a dwell_a house_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o silesia_n general_o wooden_a building_n but_o the_o duke_n palace_n cathedral_n and_o some_o other_o public_a building_n be_v of_o stone_n there_o be_v still_o in_o the_o city_n one_o popish_a monastery_n and_o former_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o great_a foot_n in_o it_o but_o since_o the_o reformation_n that_o sort_n of_o cattle_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ratibor_n which_o contain_v the_o town_n of_o oderberg_n sora_n ribenick_n pilzowitz_n and_o mieslowitz_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n valentinus_n its_o last_a prince_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o it_o become_v more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d teschen_n or_o tessin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a city_n in_o silesia_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o cessimir_n or_o gessimir_n son_n of_o lescus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 810_o and_o from_o he_o to_o have_v have_v its_o first_o name_n which_o have_v since_o be_v corrupt_v into_o tessin_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o silesia_n moravia_n poland_n and_o hungary_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o its_o citizen_n speak_v a_o medley_n of_o language_n hardly_o intelligible_a to_o any_o but_o themselves_o they_o have_v here_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o wild_a fowl_n the_o vistula_n and_o elsa_n afford_v they_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hungarian_a merchant_n bring_v they_o in_o daily_o vast_a quantity_n of_o wine_n fruit_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n at_o one_o of_o their_o church_n they_o have_v weekly_o divine_a service_n and_o a_o sermon_n in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n and_o at_o another_o the_o like_a in_o high_a dutch_a for_o of_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o burgher_n chief_o consist_v here_o be_v brew_v beer_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o with_o wheat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o ordinary_a barley_n malt_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o they_o call_v matznotz_n a_o sort_n of_o drink_n pleasant_a enough_o but_o mighty_a strong_a and_o heady_a which_o too_o often_o on_o their_o market-day_n make_v the_o poor_a rustic_n commit_v several_a outrage_n and_o disorder_n in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o jollity_n in_o this_o dukedom_n there_o be_v several_a high_a mountain_n whereof_o two_o row_v be_v more_o especial_o remarkable_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o geographer_n and_o historian_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v those_o on_o the_o
be_v it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o river_n twertza_fw-mi which_o fall_v into_o the_o volga_n near_o this_o town_n this_o be_v a_o large_a town_n and_o have_v in_o it_o about_o sixty_o church_n the_o chief_a that_o of_o our_o saviour_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n be_v place_v torsoch_n tersack_n or_o torsiock_n a_o large_a town_n also_o the_o province_n be_v rich_a both_o in_o corn_n and_o merchandise_n very_o populous_a also_o be_v ready_a to_o furnish_v their_o prince_n with_o forty_o thousand_o good_a horse_n and_o twice_o as_o many_o foot_n here_o be_v also_o a_o mint_n and_o a_o bishop_n see_n near_o to_o these_o be_v plescow_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o the_o russes_z call_v pscow_n the_o chief_a city_n have_v a_o strong_a castle_n situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n whence_o spring_v the_o river_n pskow_n which_o after_o six_o league_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o lake_n of_o peipis_fw-la which_o herberstein_n call_v czuezko_n or_o czudzin_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n till_o ivan_n vasilowitz_n 1509_o unite_a it_o to_o his_o crown_n the_o citizen_n till_o then_o be_v famous_a for_o their_o valour_n civility_n and_o honest_a deal_n in_o their_o trade_n but_o the_o grand_a duke_n transport_v they_o and_o put_v muscovite_n in_o their_o stead_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o strong_a wall_a city_n in_o all_o russia_n it_o be_v of_o so_o great_a extent_n that_o when_o besiege_v by_o stephen_n king_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o it_o seventy_o thousand_o foot_n and_o seven_o thousand_o horse_n beside_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o garrison_n be_v it_o not_o for_o one_o ledg_n of_o rock_n the_o navigation_n from_o hence_o to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n will_v be_v very_o convenient_a and_o easy_a there_o be_v in_o this_o province_n divers_a place_n of_o strength_n which_o give_v the_o grand_a tzar_n vasilie_o great_a trouble_n to_o reduce_v they_o to_o his_o command_n south_n and_o by_o west_n of_o this_o province_n of_o novogorod_n that_o we_o dispatch_v all_o these_o territory_n that_o lie_v together_o lie_v the_o great_a city_n of_o smolensko_n smolensko_n smolensko_n belong_v ancient_o to_o litvania_n recover_v to_o that_o province_n by_o vitold_a their_o duke_n in_o 1413._o basilius_n the_o grand_a tzar_n make_v several_a attempt_n to_o recover_v it_o but_o in_o vain_a till_o his_o belove_a general_n michael_n glinski_n a_o valiant_a polish_v general_n that_o run_v over_o to_o the_o russes_z recover_v it_o more_o easy_o with_o his_o money_n than_o he_o can_v with_o his_o arm_n the_o pole_n have_v endeavour_v several_a time_n to_o recover_v this_o city_n and_o in_o one_o battle_n near_o unto_o it_o slay_v eighty_o thousand_o russes_z but_o can_v not_o reduce_v the_o city_n till_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n take_v it_o in_o 1611_o and_o in_o 1633_o michael_n federowitz_n besiege_v it_o in_o vain_a yet_o his_o son_n alexie_n michaelowitz_n have_v it_o surrender_v to_o he_o by_o composition_n in_o 1654._o and_o the_o russes_z still_o keep_v it_o the_o river_n nieper_n common_o think_v to_o be_v boristhenes_n though_o beresine_n come_v near_a that_o name_n run_v through_o it_o the_o city_n be_v very_o well_o fortify_v both_o with_o good_a wall_n well_o palisadoe_v and_o as_o they_o say_v above_o ten_o yard_n high_a and_o also_o with_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n to_o this_o jurisdiction_n belong_v drohobus_fw-la wyesma_n and_o mozaizko_n where_o the_o emperor_n common_o once_o a_o year_n divert_v himself_o and_o the_o ambassador_n in_o hunt_v this_o mozaisko_n have_v many_o time_n a_o governor_n of_o its_o own_o and_o a_o territory_n belong_v to_o it_o the_o town_n be_v take_v from_o alexander_n king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n ivan_n predecessor_n of_o vasilie_o and_o the_o grand_a duke_n often_o repair_v thither_o in_o devotion_n to_o st._n nicolas_n the_o great_a saint_n of_o the_o russes_z who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o remain_v one_o province_n or_o dukedom_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o ancient_o belong_v to_o litvania_n the_o south-west_n border_n of_o muscovy_n call_v sewera_n severia_n siberia_n which_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o confound_v it_o with_o that_o province_n which_o the_o russes_z call_z sibior_fw-la upon_o the_o river_n ob._n this_o be_v a_o large_a and_o fruitful_a principality_n reach_v from_o the_o dnieper_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o mscenek_n which_o be_v now_o demolish_a this_o country_n have_v at_o first_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o afterward_o it_o acknowledge_v the_o superiority_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o litvania_n together_o with_o which_o jagello_n become_v christian_n it_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n afterward_o they_o fall_v from_o casimire_n unto_o the_o grand_a tzar_n at_o length_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o vasilie_o father_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n the_o duke_n be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n and_o lose_v his_o principality_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n the_o chief_a city_n siviersky_n novogrod_n siviersky_n and_o sometime_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n be_v call_v novogrod_n siviersky_n a_o city_n and_o castle_n well_o fortify_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o russia_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o city_n moskow_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o league_n the_o way_n lie_v through_o bransko_n serensko_fw-mi worotin_n a_o small_a principality_n the_o city_n worotin_n be_v upon_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la and_o coluga_n a_o town_n also_o upon_o the_o occa_fw-la and_o dependent_a upon_o the_o abbey_n of_o troitza_n other_o great_a town_n in_o this_o province_n be_v starodub_n posiwol_n czernigow_n kilski_n krom_n arol_n and_o osippow_n they_o that_o from_o hence_o travel_v towards_o tartary_n pass_v the_o river_n sna_n samara_n ariel_n koinschwada_n and_o molosca_n they_o pass_v the_o river_n on_o branch_n of_o tree_n fasten_v together_o instead_o of_o bo_n this_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o neighbourhood_n to_o the_o tartar_n upon_o who_o it_o border_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v much_o of_o it_o desert_n and_o forest_n for_o want_v of_o culture_n but_o those_o few_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v be_v very_o warlike_a be_v keep_v in_o continual_a exercise_n by_o the_o tartar_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o western_a part_n of_o this_o empire_n let_v we_o proceed_v to_o those_o that_o lie_v in_o the_o inland_n country_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n of_o vologda_n north_n of_o jeroslaw_n lie_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o castrom_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o lose_v itself_o in_o the_o volga_n and_o east_n of_o castrom_n be_v the_o little_a town_n of_o galitz_n near_o the_o lake_n galitz_n here_o the_o grand_a tzar_n have_v a_o manufacture_n of_o salt_n jaroslaw_n jaroslaw_n jaroslaw_n fifty_o league_n north_n of_o moskow_n a_o province_n rich_a in_o corn_n cattle_n and_o honey_n the_o city_n lie_v upon_o the_o volga_n contain_v about_o forty_o thousand_o inhabitant_n strong_o fortify_v and_o of_o a_o great_a trade_n as_o have_v a_o very_a easy_a passage_n to_o archangel_n they_o make_v here_o much_o linen_n cloth_n this_o use_v former_o to_o be_v the_o title_n and_o subsistence_n of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n family_n till_o ivan_n vasilowich_n take_v it_o from_o they_o to_o himself_o 1565._o yet_o he_o permit_v some_o of_o they_o to_o keep_v the_o title_n be_v till_o of_o late_o call_v knest_n jaroslawski_n of_o the_o same_o condition_n and_o propriety_n be_v rostow_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o city_n be_v twelve_o league_n south_n of_o jeroslaw_n upon_o a_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n ivan_n vasilowich_n put_v to_o death_n the_o last_o heir_n to_o this_o province_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o this_o province_n be_v vglitz_n a_o town_n famous_a for_o its_o bread_n chlopigrod_n be_v a_o great_a mart_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n yet_o more_o barter_v than_o buy_v and_o sell_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o of_o the_o river_n mologa_n by_o which_o it_o communicate_v with_o weliki_n novogrod_n it_o be_v now_o ruin_v the_o name_n signify_v the_o castle_n of_o slave_n for_o they_o say_v that_o when_o their_o master_n have_v subdue_v their_o slave_n with_o their_o whip_n the_o slave_n retire_v hither_o susdal_n be_v between_o rostow_v and_o wolodomir_n susdal_n susdal_n the_o city_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o stately_a monastery_n of_o nun_n whither_o ivan_n vasilowitz_n confine_v his_o wife_n and_o it_o be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o russia_n this_o province_n also_o belong_v to_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o since_o ruin_v by_o the_o tartar_n ann_n it_o have_v never_o recover_v itself_o castrom_n and_o galitz_n belong_v former_o to_o this_o government_n pereaslaw_n belong_v former_o to_o rostow_v pereaslaw_n pereaslaw_n famous_a now_o for_o its_o salt_n lake_n and_o fruitful_a soil_n at_o the_o end_n of_o harvest_n the_o grand_a tzar_n
and_o vilna_n for_o the_o polonian_n believe_v that_o it_o very_o much_o avail_v both_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o to_o confirm_v the_o allegiance_n of_o they_o that_o obey_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o generality_n who_o can_v then_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o complain_v of_o their_o own_o act._n the_o place_n of_o election_n be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n not_o far_o from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n wola_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n it_o be_v mark_v out_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n when_o the_o day_n of_o election_n be_v come_v and_o the_o senator_n all_o meet_v the_o interrex_n ask_v the_o question_n three_o time_n whether_o it_o be_v their_o pleasure_n to_o command_v that_o such_o a_o one_o shall_v be_v declare_v king_n if_o by_o consent_n of_o voice_n they_o return_v for_o a_o answer_n it_o please_v we_o let_v he_o live_v then_o the_o archbishop_n declare_v he_o king_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n i_o declare_v such_o a_o one_o king_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o beseech_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n to_o enable_v he_o for_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n and_o through_o his_o mercy_n so_o to_o order_n that_o the_o election_n may_v be_v prosperous_a for_o the_o nation_n and_o happy_a for_o the_o catholic_n religion_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n proclaim_v the_o election_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n king_n n._n be_v unanimous_o elect_v and_o so_o declare_v by_o the_o interrex_n he_o therefore_o all_o you_o acknowledge_v your_o lawful_o elect_a and_o declare_v king_n if_o the_o king_n so_o elect_v be_v absent_a his_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o confirm_v by_o oath_n the_o condition_n and_o receive_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o election_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o second_o proclamation_n in_o these_o word_n the_o polander_n have_v a_o lawful_a king_n on_o the_o other_o side_n before_o the_o king_n be_v admit_v he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o covenant_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o clause_n point_n and_o condition_n and_o to_o renew_v the_o say_a oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n but_o though_o he_o be_v now_o elect_v the_o interregnum_fw-la do_v not_o cease_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n for_o till_o then_o he_o assume_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o king_n elect_n neither_o be_v his_o letter_n to_o foreign_a prince_n seal_v with_o any_o other_o seal_n than_o that_o of_o the_o chamber_n so_o that_o though_o the_o present_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n before_o his_o coronation_n that_o be_v only_o do_v upon_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o muscovitick_a expedition_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o coronation_n be_v cracow_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o chief_n treasury_n under_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o high_a treasurer_n and_o the_o person_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n be_v always_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n if_o not_o prevent_v by_o sickness_n the_o chief_a ceremony_n at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o question_n propound_v to_o the_o king_n will_v thou_o profess_v the_o catholic_n faith_n deliver_v by_o catholic_n man_n answ_n i_o will_n will_v thou_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o church_n and_o its_o minister_n will_v thou_o uphold_v defend_v and_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n by_o god_n commit_v to_o thy_o care_n according_a to_o justice_n ans_fw-fr i_o will_n all_o which_o he_o confirm_v by_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n and_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n the_o ceremony_n of_o anoint_v be_v perform_v with_o say_v these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o the_o sanctify_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n the_o word_n of_o confirmation_n be_v sit_v and_o possess_v the_o throne_n appoint_v thou_o by_o god_n let_v thy_o hand_n be_v strengthen_v and_o thy_o right_a hand_n exalt_v the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v the_o king_n repair_v to_o the_o grand_a assembly_n for_o the_o coronation_n where_o the_o interrex_n resign_v his_o authority_n and_o the_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o nobility_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o city_n take_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n the_o present_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o article_n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o they_o bound_v themselves_o as_o well_o before_o as_o at_o their_o coronation_n for_o they_o contain_v all_o the_o essential_a property_n of_o regal_a dominion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la as_o to_o their_o power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n the_o roman-catholick_n king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o chief_a prerogative_n in_o that_o particular_a reserve_v only_o to_o themselves_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n the_o king_n swear_v to_o maintain_v peace_n between_o the_o dissenter_n in_o religion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v many_o in_o poland_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o cause_n and_o difference_n among_o person_n profess_v the_o greek_a religion_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o john_n the_o three_o now_o reign_v as_o for_o foundation_n of_o church_n and_o monastery_n whatsoever_o liberty_n the_o king_n may_v have_v to_o erect_v they_o be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o all_o the_o order_n at_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o thus_o the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o academy_n of_o vilna_n be_v also_o confirm_v the_o next_o prerogative_n be_v the_o legislative_a power_n concern_v which_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n of_o make_v law_n themselves_o as_o necessity_n require_v but_o afterward_o when_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v law_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o peer_n insomuch_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1570_o enact_v that_o no_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o public_a force_n till_o review_v and_o subscribe_v by_o such_o a_o number_n of_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n who_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v require_v beforehand_o whether_o the_o law_n shall_v pass_v which_o law_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n be_v likewise_o former_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a judge_n till_o vladislaus_n jagello_n grant_v this_o privilege_n to_o the_o nobility_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v or_o imprison_v till_o convict_v by_o law_n after_o he_o bathor_n throw_v off_o the_o burden_n of_o hear_v cause_n from_o his_o own_o shoulder_n and_o erect_v several_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o concern_v his_o chequer_n and_o such_o city_n as_o be_v immediate_o under_o his_o jurisdiction_n but_o now_o the_o nobility_n create_v the_o chief_a judge_n or_o marshal_n with_o his_o assistant_n in_o those_o tribunal_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n sit_v alone_o upon_o cause_n that_o come_v before_o he_o by_o way_n of_o appeal_n beside_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o determine_v all_o court_n cause_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o officer_n reside_v at_o court_n as_o also_o to_o call_v the_o cause_n in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o register_n and_o neither_o to_o retard_v nor_o further_o any_o cause_n for_o favour_n or_o interest_n the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n do_v former_o without_o doubt_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o casimir_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o make_v a_o promise_n that_o he_o will_v undertake_v no_o war_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la promise_v not_o to_o admit_v or_o call_v in_o any_o foreign_a assistance_n without_o the_o especial_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o stand_a militia_n nor_o raise_v force_n private_o not_o to_o send_v aid_n to_o any_o other_o prince_n without_o consent_n as_o aforesaid_a nor_o to_o commit_v the_o trust_n of_o fort_n or_o castle_n to_o stranger_n or_o plebeian_n but_o to_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o land_a nobility_n beside_o all_o these_o engagement_n there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v he_o in_o the_o field_n according_a to_o the_o late_a constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o and_o several_a other_o before_o he_o be_v also_o
finish_v herman_n de_fw-fr salza_n master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n give_v law_n and_o constitution_n die_v kulmsche_n handveste_n for_o its_o government_n a_o specimen_fw-la of_o which_o ancient_a canon_n be_v give_v by_o lambecius_n out_o of_o a_o old_a dutch_a manuscript_n in_o the_o emperor_n library_n at_o vienna_n the_o city_n at_o present_a look_n old_a and_o ruinous_a but_o be_v still_o a_o bishop_n sec._n the_o lutheran_n be_v permit_v the_o exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o private_a house_n by_o a_o public_a edict_n sign_v and_o publish_v in_o this_o city_n by_o john_n malachowski_n bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n the_o thirteen_o of_o march_n 1678._o 4._o thoorn_v build_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o culm_n by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n for_o a_o post_n against_o the_o heathen_a prussian_n but_o not_o in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o now_o stand_v old_a thoorn_v be_v seat_v a_o mile_n westward_o from_o the_o new_a where_o to_o this_o day_n be_v find_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n and_o city_n by_o who_o and_o when_o new_o thoorn_v be_v first_o found_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v for_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o this_o part_n of_o prussia_n deliver_v itself_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o old_a and_o new_a thoorn_v join_v interest_n and_o make_v up_o one_o entire_a corporation_n betwixt_o they_o whence_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o record_n of_o the_o new_a city_n be_v neglect_v and_o lose_v thoorn_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o german_a word_n thor_n a_o gate_n because_o build_v by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n as_o a_o gate_n to_o let_v in_o such_o force_n into_o prussia_n as_o they_o shall_v have_v occasion_n for_o hence_o the_o arm_n of_o thoorn_v be_v a_o castle_n and_o gate_n half_o open_a at_o present_v this_o city_n be_v the_o neat_a and_o best_a build_v in_o regal_a prussia_n the_o street_n be_v much_o broad_a and_o the_o house_n stately_a than_o at_o dantzig_n it_o owe_v much_o of_o its_o beauty_n to_o henry_n stroband_n burgomaster_n of_o the_o town_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1609._o he_o build_v the_o gymnasium_n here_o and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o several_a lecturer_n and_o poor_a scholar_n he_o found_v also_o the_o hospital_n and_o public_a library_n and_o build_v anew_o the_o town-hall_n which_o be_v it_o not_o of_o late_o outdo_v by_o the_o stadthuis_n at_o amsterdam_n may_v be_v reckon_v the_o stately_a in_o europe_n of_o its_o kind_n the_o rest_n of_o this_o country_n comprchend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o description_n of_o germany_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n whence_o this_o large_a and_o noble_a country_n shall_v have_v its_o name_n be_v utter_o unknown_a lithvania_n lithvania_n it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o the_o latin_a lituus_fw-la a_o hunting-horn_n because_o forsooth_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o hunt_v erasmus_fw-la stella_fw-la a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n tell_v we_o some_o prussian_n under_o the_o command_n of_o litwo_n one_o of_o their_o king_n son_n come_v into_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n 573_o and_o call_v the_o land_n after_o their_o captain_n name_n litwania_n or_o litvania_n the_o polish_v historian_n agree_v general_o in_o this_o story_n that_o palaemon_n fly_v the_o fury_n of_o attyla_n leave_v rome_n and_o come_v with_o several_a italian_n into_o this_o country_n who_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o la_fw-fr italia_n which_o be_v afterward_o corrupt_v into_o lithvania_n the_o lithvanians_n themselves_o glory_n in_o this_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n of_o their_o country_n and_o prove_v this_o story_n of_o palaemon_n true_a by_o the_o roman_a name_n of_o their_o noble_n vrsin_n column_n julian_n etc._n etc._n but_o this_o etymology_n seem_v too_o far_o fetch_v stella_n aim_v fair_a though_o he_o miss_v the_o mark_n a_o little_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o prussian_n do_v conquer_v this_o land_n and_o seat_n themselves_o in_o it_o though_o the_o additional_a story_n of_o prince_n litwo_n seem_v feign_v more_o likely_a it_o be_v that_o the_o prussian_n not_o satisfy_v with_o their_o change_n call_v the_o country_n lithvania_n from_o litwo_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a prussian_a language_n signify_v a_o vagabond_n or_o wanderer_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o alani_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n since_o the_o lithvanians_n do_v still_o retain_v some_o footstep_n of_o the_o name_n of_o these_o people_n in_o their_o lithalani_n and_o roxalani_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v compare_v the_o account_n which_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n give_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o ancient_a alani_n with_o what_o the_o best_a author_n say_v of_o the_o old_a lithvanians_n will_v easy_o perceive_v that_o they_o be_v not_o both_o one_o nation_n their_o language_n sufficient_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o original_n with_o the_o prussian_n and_o what_o that_o be_v we_o tell_v you_o before_o about_o the_o year_n 1235_o ringeld_n son_n of_o gimbut_n government_n alteration_n of_o government_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o palaemon_n be_v say_v to_o have_v first_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n in_o the_o year_n 1319_o gedimin_n who_o first_o build_v vilna_n refuse_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o russian_a and_o enter_v novogrod_v with_o a_o army_n take_v volodimir_n and_o make_v all_o volhinia_n swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o magistracy_n of_o lithvania_n how_o large_a the_o dukedom_n be_v may_v appear_v from_o the_o vast_a territory_n he_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o his_o seven_o son_n at_o his_o death_n to_o montvid_n he_o give_v kiernova_n and_o slomin_v to_o narimund_n pinsko_n mozyr_n and_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o volodimir_n to_o olgierd_v creve_n and_o the_o country_n beyond_o as_o far_o as_o beresine_n to_o kieystut_n samogitia_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o troce_n lida_n vpide_v and_o subsylvania_n to_o coriat_n novogrod_n and_o volkowiski_n to_o lubart_n volodomir_n and_o volhinia_n to_o his_o young_a son_n jaunut_n vilna_n osmia_n and_o braslaw_n design_v he_o for_o great_a duke_n but_o soon_o after_o when_o the_o tartar_n begin_v to_o infest_v volhinia_n and_o kiow_n jaunut_n be_v depose_v and_o his_o brother_n olgierd_v make_v great_a duke_n in_o his_o place_n he_o in_o the_o year_n 1331_o fall_v upon_o the_o tartar_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o podolia_n which_o they_o have_v keep_v for_o some_o year_n about_o the_o same_o time_n demetrius_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n send_v a_o ambassador_n into_o lithuania_n to_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o all_o those_o province_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o russia_n the_o great_a duke_n immediate_o upon_o his_o arrival_n commit_v he_o to_o close_a custody_n and_o march_v forthwith_o in_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n towards_o moscovy_n surprise_v the_o duke_n in_o his_o palace_n and_o force_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o a_o peace_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o bound_n of_o lithuania_n shall_v reach_v as_o far_o as_o moscow_n and_o the_o river_n vgra_fw-mi when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1386_o he_o promise_v that_o from_o thence_o forward_a the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n shall_v be_v annex_v to_o that_o crown_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o lithvanian_a and_o russian_a nobility_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v repeat_v in_o the_o year_n 1401_o and_o 1414._o but_o this_o obligation_n they_o afterward_o shake_v off_o for_o when_o the_o polander_n desire_v to_o join_v volhinia_n podolia_n and_o some_o other_o province_n of_o russia_n to_o their_o own_o kingdom_n the_o lithuanian_n loath_a to_o part_v with_o so_o fair_a possession_n oppose_v they_o with_o that_o vehemence_n that_o for_o several_a year_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o continual_a skirmish_n between_o the_o two_o nation_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1566_o difference_n begin_v to_o be_v compose_v which_o be_v final_o determine_v a._n d._n 1569_o by_o article_n draw_v up_o and_o subscribe_v to_o by_o both_o party_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o several_a ambassador_n of_o other_o nation_n the_o principle_n article_n agree_v upon_o be_v these_o that_o the_o lithuanian_n shall_v for_o the_o future_a disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o the_o province_n of_o podlachia_n and_o volhinia_n and_o the_o palatinate_n of_o kiow_n that_o they_o shall_v never_o by_o themselves_o elect_v a_o great_a duke_n but_o upon_o a_o vacancy_n repair_v to_o the_o place_n whither_o they_o
october_n they_o have_v a_o general_a rendezvous_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n who_o bring_v with_o they_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v loaf_n of_o bread_n and_o vessel_n full_a of_o beer_n these_o they_o set_v on_o a_o table_n spread_v with_o hay_n that_o do_v they_o bring_v out_o a_o young_a heifer_n a_o boar_n and_o a_o sow_n a_o cock_n and_o hen_n with_o other_o such_o cattle_n and_o poultry_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v in_o pair_n male_a and_o female_a when_o thing_n be_v thus_o in_o readiness_n out_o come_v a_o old_a priest_n or_o wizard_n who_o mumble_v over_o a_o few_o hard_a word_n give_v the_o sacrifice_n a_o blow_n with_o a_o stick_n which_o stroke_n be_v second_v by_o the_o whole_a company_n till_o the_o heifer_n be_v dead_a and_o beat_v to_o piece_n whilst_o this_o ceremony_n last_v they_o cry_v this_o oblation_n of_o thanksgiving_n we_o make_v thou_o o_o ziemiennik_n so_o they_o call_v the_o feign_a god_n for_o that_o it_o have_v please_v thou_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o all_o the_o evil_n of_o the_o year_n past_a and_o we_o beseech_v thou_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v we_o for_o the_o future_a from_o fire_n sword_z pestilence_n and_o all_o our_o enemy_n after_o this_o they_o take_v a_o little_a of_o every_o dish_n they_o have_v provide_v and_o put_v it_o in_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o house_n and_o in_o the_o ground_n cry_v aloud_o accept_v o_o ziemiennik_n our_o offering_n eat_v with_o we_o and_o be_v merry_a the_o solemnity_n thus_o over_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n in_o feast_v and_o drunkenness_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o great_a town_n in_o samogitia_n of_o any_o consequence_n mzdniki_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o despicable_a city_n all_o the_o rest_n scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o village_n lithvania_n and_o this_o province_n have_v all_o along_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n they_o be_v both_o at_o once_o subject_a to_o the_o russian_n at_o once_o overrun_v by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o at_o once_o convert_v from_o idolatry_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n livonia_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o russia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finland-bay_n on_o the_o south_n with_o samogitia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lithvania_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o 500_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n near_o 160._o the_o country_n be_v general_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a abound_v with_o corn_n and_o honey_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fenny_a full_a of_o lake_n and_o river_n the_o many_o conquest_n this_o land_n have_v suffer_v have_v make_v its_o inhabitant_n a_o medley_n of_o moscovite_n swede_n dane_n polander_n and_o german_n but_o the_o last_o have_v the_o great_a share_n in_o the_o country_n whence_o the_o generality_n speak_v high-dutch_a the_o common_a people_n be_v use_v as_o hardly_o here_o as_o in_o poland_n or_o lithvania_n and_o the_o nobility_n lord_n it_o as_o much_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n be_v vice_n the_o lieflander_n be_v general_o addict_v to_o from_o the_o great_a lord_n to_o the_o mean_a peasant_n the_o boar_n will_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o get_v a_o live_n consider_v the_o untolerable_a drudgery_n they_o undergo_v if_o they_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_a hare_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n in_o these_o part_n white_a in_o winter_n and_o brown_a in_o summer_n fox_n bear_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o author_n that_o liefland_n be_v first_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o sigismond_n augustus_n though_o the_o story_n be_v tell_v different_a way_n kojalowicz_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n furstenburg_n master_n of_o the_o liefland_n order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o his_o turn_n lutheran_n have_v frequent_a quarrel_n with_o william_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n who_o he_o accuse_v at_o a_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o winden_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n of_o betray_v curland_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n his_o kinsman_n upon_o this_o pretence_n he_o immediate_o enter_v the_o archbishops_n territory_n with_o a_o army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n king_n sigismond_n hear_v this_o wage_n war_n with_o liefland_n and_o a.d._n 1557_o conquer_v it_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o better_a pretension_n than_o these_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o arise_v many_o skirmish_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n touch_v point_n of_o religion_n yet_o during_o furstenburg_n government_n ivan_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n and_o not_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n overrun_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n against_o who_o gothard_n ketler_n furstenburg_n successor_n request_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n sigismond_n who_o quick_o beat_v the_o moscovian_a out_o of_o his_o hold_n and_o create_v gothard_n duke_n of_o curland_n annex_v the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o he_o find_v this_o country_n be_v easy_o conquer_v than_o keep_v for_o the_o revalians_n find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovian_o commit_v their_o land_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n whereupon_o this_o king_n think_v his_o title_n to_o liefland_n be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o polander_n especial_o since_o ferdinand_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v he_o the_o sole_a charge_n of_o defend_v it_o upon_o these_o pretension_n he_o present_o rout_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o habsal_n lehale_n parnow_n and_o other_o place_n and_o put_v into_o they_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o beside_o the_o polish_v interest_n receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o fatal_a blow_n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n duke_n of_o finland_n marry_v katherine_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o who_o he_o lend_v 80000_o some_o say_v 124000_o dollar_n upon_o a_o mortgage_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o wittenstein_n karchise_v frichate_n helmult_n ermise_n ruja_n and_o bortwic_n all_o in_o liefland_n return_v into_o sweden_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o king_n eric_n his_o brother_n of_o high_a treason_n in_o offer_v to_o make_v a_o confederacy_n as_o he_o call_v it_o with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n without_o his_o consent_n in_o this_o rage_n the_o king_n rob_v his_o brother_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o take_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o without_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v more_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o moscovite_n not_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n with_o irresistible_a force_n create_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o holstein_n king_n of_o liefland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n perceive_v matter_n bring_v to_o this_o pass_n they_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o petit_fw-fr animosity_n between_o their_o two_o kingdom_n and_o to_o join_v force_n against_o their_o common_a enemy_n the_o moscovite_n fear_v lest_o otherwise_o whilst_o they_o two_o stand_v quarrel_v for_o each_o a_o shell_n he_o shall_v snatch_v away_o the_o fish_n and_o indeed_o this_o confederacy_n prove_v very_o successful_a to_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1580_o retake_v many_o strong_a hold_v from_o the_o moscovite_n as_o lode_n lehale_n habsal_n narwe_v the_o province_n of_o wicki_n wittenstein_n carelogrod_n etc._n etc._n steven_n king_n of_o poland_n fear_v lest_o if_o the_o swede_n go_v on_o with_o the_o same_o success_n and_o vigour_n he_o begin_v with_o he_o will_v bring_v all_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o beck_n clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o moscovite_n unknown_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v restore_v all_o the_o place_n he_o have_v take_v in_o lithvania_n that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n king_n stephen_n shall_v restore_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n vielikoluk_n and_o some_o other_o fort_n he_o have_v take_v in_o these_o war_n after_o this_o when_o sigismond_n son_n of_o john_n the_o three_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n elect_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n admit_v he_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v annex_v all_o that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o be_v under_o his_o government_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n the_o three_o come_v to_o he_o crown_n of_o sweden_n can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v persuade_v to_o grant_v this_o request_n when_o he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o kingdom_n there_o arise_v bloody_a war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n
of_o lechus_n the_o first_o other_o think_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomey_n carodunum_fw-la corrupt_v into_o cracow_n this_o city_n as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a so_o it_o be_v the_o best_a build_v of_o any_o one_o in_o poland_n cromer_n set_v it_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a build_v city_n of_o germany_n or_o italy_n but_o we_o must_v allow_v he_o to_o stretch_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o commendation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v with_o board_n instead_o of_o slat_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a company_n of_o italian_a and_o german_a merchant_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o foreign_a ware_n as_o the_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o consist_v like_a london_n and_o paris_n of_o three_o part_n 1._o cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ancient_a city_n 2._o cazimiria_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o vistula_n 3._o stradomia_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o bridge_n the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whence_o it_o overlook_v both_o city_n and_o country_n it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o magnificent_a posture_n it_o now_o stand_v by_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a who_o add_v the_o gallery_n on_o the_o north_n side_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v one_o of_o the_o best_a prospect_n in_o europe_n the_o university_n of_o cracow_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a finish_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o performance_n of_o the_o last_o will_v and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwig_n and_o have_v its_o privilege_n confirm_v to_o it_o by_o pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o the_o scholar_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n leave_v the_o university_n upon_o a_o affront_n put_v on_o they_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n who_o refuse_v to_o execute_v justice_n upon_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n when_o in_o a_o quarrel_n they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o student_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n whence_o return_v lutheran_n they_o spread_v the_o reform_a opinion_n all_o poland_n over_o and_o get_v great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o cracow_n be_v make_v a_o archbishopric_n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o lampert_n zula_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a which_o begin_v a.d._n 1226_o asleep_o contest_v arise_v between_o jvo_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o vratislaw_n about_o precedency_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n upon_o his_o submissive_a appeal_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishop_n which_o only_o last_v during_o his_o life_n at_o this_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n wear_v a_o archbishops_n pall_n set_v rich_o with_o jewel_n which_o be_v the_o only_a relic_n they_o have_v of_o their_o ancient_a honour_n the_o next_o palatinate_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n sendomir_n sendomir_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n both_o build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o afterward_o die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o eat_v too_o free_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o poland_n here_o be_v nothing_o else_o worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o jvo_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o of_o sendomir_n as_o be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o palatine_a by_o casimir_n jagellonides_n lublin_n lublin_n the_o city_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o much_o frequent_v especial_o in_o the_o fair_n keep_v three_o time_n a_o year_n by_o christian_n jewish_a and_o turkish_a merchant_n it_o be_v much_o better_a fortifve_v by_o the_o marsh_n which_o environ_v it_o than_o its_o wall_n and_o more_o beholden_a to_o nature_n for_o its_o defence_n then_o either_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o wall_v it_o round_o or_o the_o russian_n who_o build_v the_o adjoin_a castle_n the_o great_a church_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o lescus_n the_o black_a upon_o a_o great_a conquest_n obtain_v against_o the_o lithvanians_n near_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n who_o in_o a_o vision_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n have_v promise_v he_o good_a success_n st._n bridget_n monastery_n among_o many_o other_o magnificent_a one_o be_v found_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n one_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n from_o which_o no_o appeal_n lie_v save_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v keep_v at_o lublin_n hither_o for_o judgement_n in_o controversy_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n repair_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracow_n sendomir_n russia_n podolia_n lublin_n belze_n podlassia_n volhinia_n braclaw_n kiow_n and_o czernichow_n or_o at_o least_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n of_o other_o country_n and_o province_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v former_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n contract_n or_o otherwise_o beside_o the_o place_n mention_v and_o at_o present_a subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n lay_v claim_n to_o many_o and_o large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o prince_n omit_v bohemia_n moravia_n wagria_n misnia_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o rugen_n mecklenburg_n and_o lunenburg_n which_o whatever_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a be_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n who_o be_v the_o only_a king_n that_o ever_o can_v plausible_o pretend_v a_o title_n to_o any_o part_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v confine_v our_o discourse_n to_o those_o country_n to_o which_o the_o polonian_a prince_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o just_a and_o legal_a title_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o poland_n silesia_n silesia_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lechus_n the_o first_o and_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n be_v high_o probable_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n who_o both_o of_o they_o make_v the_o river_n other_o the_o bound_n of_o poland_n beside_o the_o german_a chronologer_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n conquer_v the_o silesian_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o polish_v historian_n upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o be_v general_o positive_a in_o assert_v that_o silesia_n be_v always_o without_o any_o such_o intermission_n or_o conquest_n as_o the_o german_n strive_v to_o make_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n agree_v with_o the_o german_n affirm_v that_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n among_o his_o many_o other_o conquest_n regain_v selucia_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o time_n we_o find_v that_o casimir_n the_o first_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bicine_n to_o vratislaw_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o his_o day_n silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n not_o long_o after_o henry_n the_o iv_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o munster_n a.d._n 1086_o make_v over_o silesia_n lusatia_n and_o indeed_o all_o poland_n to_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o as_o cromer_n say_v he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o they_o whereupon_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o pole_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v the_o latter_a have_v the_o better_a since_o all_o historian_n agree_v that_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n government_n during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o three_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n flee_v first_o to_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o who_o bring_v boleslaus_n crispus_n duke_n of_o poland_n and_o brother_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o such_o strait_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n child_n but_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
treasurer_n the_o key_n and_o the_o king_n on_o horseback_n follow_v they_o to_o the_o church_n where_o the_o archbishop_n receive_v he_o demand_v of_o he_o a_o account_n of_o his_o faith_n then_o reverent_o approach_v the_o high_a altar_n he_o tender_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o he_o will_v fear_v god_n and_o defend_v his_o church_n promote_v love_n justice_n and_o truth_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o will_v govern_v his_o kingdom_n by_o native_n and_o not_o admit_v any_o stranger_n into_o council_n or_o place_n of_o great_a trust_n that_o he_o will_v not_o alienate_v any_o fort_n land_n or_o territory_n within_o his_o dominion_n but_o preserve_v they_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o his_o successor_n that_o he_o will_v provide_v himself_o and_o his_o court_n out_o of_o his_o constant_a crown_n revenue_n and_o never_o burden_n his_o subject_n with_o tax_n but_o upon_o these_o account_n viz._n either_o upon_o a_o invasion_n whether_o by_o christian_n or_o infidel_n a_o domestic_a insurrection_n upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n or_o daughter_n for_o the_o build_n of_o some_o new_a fort_n or_o upon_o diminution_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o that_o he_o will_v introduce_v no_o law_n or_o constitution_n without_o or_o against_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n to_o sigismond_n the_o three_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o claim_v this_o kingdom_n they_o propose_v that_o he_o will_v not_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o establish_a religion_n which_o be_v the_o lutheran_n which_o oath_n he_o either_o refuse_v or_o present_o break_v lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o people_n and_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o before_o he_o be_v well_o settle_v in_o it_o this_o do_v the_o archbishop_n put_v on_o he_o his_o crown_n and_o other_o kingly_a ornament_n and_o one_o of_o the_o herald_n proclaim_v such_o one_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o swedland_n and_o gothland_n and_o none_o but_o he_o then_o all_o the_o people_n answer_n let_v the_o king_n live_v after_o this_o the_o king_n call_v before_o he_o the_o governor_n or_o legifer_n of_o every_o province_n and_o chief_a city_n within_o his_o dominion_n who_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o respective_a government_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n this_o do_v the_o king_n give_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o the_o legifer_fw-la of_o vpsal_n first_o and_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n a_o escutcheon_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o that_o province_n or_o that_o city_n where_o they_o be_v to_o preside_v as_o badge_n of_o their_o office_n and_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n his_o nobility_n be_v by_o he_o splendid_o entertain_v and_o the_o ceremony_n end_v henceforward_o he_o have_v power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a matter_n and_o rule_v his_o people_n as_o a_o absolute_a monarch_n the_o next_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n if_o he_o have_v any_o who_o sometime_o be_v by_o public_a declaration_n acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o before_o 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their_o portion_n be_v not_o take_v out_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n but_o levy_v by_o public_a tax_n in_o the_o interregnum_fw-la absence_n sickness_n or_o minority_n of_o the_o king_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o drotset_a or_o viceroy_n the_o marshal_n admiral_z chancellor_n and_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o at_o their_o admission_n to_o the_o public_a management_n of_o affair_n take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o diminish_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o king_n right_n but_o preserve_v they_o whole_a and_o entire_a and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o part_n of_o they_o be_v by_o these_o trustee_n during_o the_o king_n minority_n sell_v or_o alienate_v the_o king_n when_o he_o come_v to_o full_a age_n may_v by_o law_n recover_v it_o ancient_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n short_o after_o they_o be_v elect_v use_v to_o make_v a_o public_a progress_n through_o their_o dominion_n the_o legifer_fw-la or_o lieutenant_n of_o every_o province_n be_v bind_v to_o provide_v for_o his_o reception_n what_o the_o king_n do_v be_v to_o assure_v the_o people_n of_o the_o great_a care_n he_o have_v of_o they_o and_o that_o charge_v wherewith_o they_o have_v entrust_v he_o and_o to_o receive_v of_o the_o people_n oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o fidelity_n this_o custom_n be_v find_v somewhat_o expensive_a and_o the_o civil_a trouble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n oftentimes_o not_o permit_v it_o be_v now_o quite_o leave_v of_o and_o the_o people_n rest_v content_a in_o the_o confidence_n they_o have_v of_o their_o prince_n without_o thus_o see_v his_o person_n the_o court_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n the_o court_n of_o sweden_n like_o that_o of_o england_n consist_v of_o ecclesiastical_a civil_a and_o military_a person_n and_o government_n 1._o for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a there_o be_v the_o archbishop_n with_o as_o many_o suffragans_fw-la as_o be_v by_o the_o king_n think_v convenient_a who_o attend_v the_o king_n both_o at_o church_n and_o council_n upon_o these_o several_a of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n continual_o wait_v 2._o for_o the_o civil_a officer_n the_o drotset_a or_o viceroy_n be_v chief_a who_o office_n be_v ancient_o to_o admonish_v and_o direct_v the_o king_n to_o inform_v he_o upon_o any_o default_n whatsoever_o and_o upon_o non-amendment_n to_o declare_v the_o same_o to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v when_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o dethrone_v their_o prince_n 2._o next_o be_v the_o chamberlain_n or_o commissary_n general_n who_o preside_v over_o the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o king_n chamber_n common_o hold_v at_o stockholme_n and_o discharge_v all_o expense_n and_o order_n all_o the_o disbursement_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o have_v under_o he_o one_o questor_n who_o take_v care_n of_o what_o money_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o exchequer_n and_o give_v account_n to_o he_o under_o these_o be_v twelve_o master_n of_o account_n who_o keep_v register_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n take_v care_n lest_o any_o detriment_n happen_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o once_o a_o year_n make_v up_o their_o account_n to_o the_o commissary_n general_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o of_o the_o privy_a counselor_n every_o one_o of_o these_o have_v one_o particular_a province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v he_o in_o charge_n in_o which_o he_o employ_v divers_a tax-master_n who_o collect_v the_o tribute_n ten_o and_o other_o crown_n revenue_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o his_o hand_n 3._o in_o the_o three_o place_n succeed_v the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o office_n be_v muchwhat_a the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n who_o have_v under_o he_o several_a secretary_n and_o other_o officer_n his_o office_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o crown_n globe_n sceptre_n and_o sword_n he_o be_v master_n of_o the_o royal_a mint_n and_o paymaster_n general_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n accountable_a to_o none_o but_o the_o king_n only_o 3._o for_o the_o military_a officer_n the_o principal_a be_v the_o grand_a marshal_n or_o generalissimo_n of_o the_o king_n force_n next_o be_v the_o high_a admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o several_a other_o officer_n not_o different_a from_o those_o in_o other_o state_n beside_o these_o chief_a officer_n of_o state_n each_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v its_o peculiar_a governor_n call_v landshere_n or_o stathallar_n who_o power_n be_v very_o great_a and_o office_n considerable_a under_o he_o there_o be_v in_o every_o province_n as_o many_o lands-man_n and_o nemdary_n or_o nempman_n as_o there_o be_v district_n or_o praefecture_n in_o it_o all_o which_o have_v distinct_a and_o subordinate_a office_n appeal_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a to_o the_o next_o immediate_o above_o it_o and_o so_o to_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o king_n chamber_n all_o action_n acquiesce_v in_o the_o king_n as_o the_o source_n and_o
fountain_n of_o the_o law_n by_o these_o governor_n and_o deputy_n agreee_v together_o tribute_n be_v exact_v and_o tax_n levy_v according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n hold_v at_o lyncopen_fw-mi 1599_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v court_n of_o justice_n twice_o in_o every_o year_n all_o of_o they_o meeting_n in_o the_o winter_n time_n about_o february_n at_o vpsal_n at_o the_o public_a fair_a call_v di_v and_o in_o summer_n at_o lyncopen_n state_n or_o order_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n there_o be_v say_v bureus_n six_o 1._o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a nobility_n clergy_n soldiery_n merchantry_n and_o commonalty_n 1._o blood_n prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood-royal_a be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o age_n and_o capacity_n the_o elder_a as_o be_v say_v be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n the_o young_a be_v common_o create_v duke_n and_o make_v governor_n of_o province_n of_o vpsal_n first_o and_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n of_o dignity_n these_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o elder_a brother_n if_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n have_v right_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o throne_n 2._o nobility_n nobility_n the_o nobility_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v descend_v from_o king_n ingon_n or_o harold_n of_o norway_n and_o spread_v through_o germany_n suitzerland_n spain_n etc._n etc._n when_o the_o goth_n invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o rank_n or_o order_n 1._o consist_v of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o franck-baron_n the_o earl_n jerl_n ancient_o be_v create_v only_o upon_o extraordinary_a account_n as_o be_v also_o their_o duke_n call_v hertog_n neither_o of_o their_o title_n be_v then_o hereditary_a a_o war_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o some_o of_o their_o king_n their_o honour_n and_o title_n be_v for_o some_o age_n quite_o lay_v aside_o till_o king_n ericus_n fourteen_o about_o the_o year_n 1560_o first_o of_o all_o renew_v these_o lose_a title_n 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own_o country_n suecia_n 12._o gylfo_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v descend_v from_o one_o ferinoto_n king_n of_o finland_n 13._o after_o gulfo_n the_o kingdom_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o judge_n for_o sometime_o till_o othinus_n or_o odinus_n who_o come_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o settle_v at_o vpsal_n by_o his_o magic_n and_o sorcery_n gain_v so_o much_o favour_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o after_o he_o be_v dead_a esteem_v he_o as_o one_o of_o their_o principal_a go_n he_o be_v as_o i_o may_v say_v the_o numa_n pompilius_n of_o the_o swede_n be_v the_o first_o that_o establish_v any_o set_a worship_n and_o sacred_a solemnity_n among_o they_o that_o give_v law_n and_o ordain_v officer_n both_o to_o execute_v justice_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o take_v care_n of_o all_o religious_a matter_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v twelve_o of_o a_o senatorian_a order_n call_v driar_n or_o drotnar_n whence_o drotset_n the_o name_n now_o in_o use_n to_o denote_v their_o viceroy_n seem_v to_o come_v this_o he_o do_v as_o he_o pretend_v by_o the_o advice_n or_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o god_n with_o who_o he_o keep_v great_a familiarity_n and_o correspondence_n 14._o niordus_n or_o nearchus_n a_o famous_a magician_n 15._o freius_n froerus_n or_o frotho_n surname_v the_o peaceable_a the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o drott_n or_o king_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v give_v the_o patrimony_n of_o vpsal_n call_v vpsala_n oedom_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o the_o king_n take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o alienate_v or_o embezle_n 16._o odder_n and_o freia_n or_o frigga_n his_o wife_n who_o with_o her_o husband_n rule_v peaceable_o and_o be_v repute_v a_o goddess_n after_o her_o death_n 17._o fiolmus_n a_o sottish_a and_o negligent_a prince_n who_o neither_o regard_v his_o own_o nor_o the_o people_n welfare_n be_v invite_v to_o banquet_n by_o fretho_fw-mi king_n of_o denmark_n and_o make_v drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o be_v accident_o drown_v in_o a_o vessel_n of_o mead._n 18._o sueigder_o of_o who_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n mention_v many_o fabulous_a story_n and_o diabolical_a enchantment_n 19_o walander_n or_o wanlander_n who_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o schonen_fw-mi and_z hallandia_n and_o conquer_v they_o or_o rather_o regain_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o ostarus_n who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o those_o part_n in_o his_o time_n the_o russes_z be_v say_v to_o have_v employ_v one_o retho_n a_o famous_a pirate_n to_o infest_v the_o swede_n who_o lie_v upon_o their_o coast_n and_o do_v very_o much_o injury_n to_o they_o hence_o retheran_n signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n to_o commit_v rapine_n against_o this_o pirate_n the_o king_n levy_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v but_o withal_o distrust_v their_o power_n desire_a assistance_n of_o the_o devil_n promise_v he_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n upon_o condition_n he_o may_v obtain_v a_o victory_n over_o he_o which_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v and_o the_o devil_n short_o after_o according_a to_o compact_n to_o have_v come_v and_o fetch_v away_o his_o bargain_n 20._o wisbur_fw-la 21._o domalder_n who_o with_o many_o of_o his_o noble_n be_v sacrifice_v to_o their_o god_n odinus_n or_o woden_n 22._o domarus_n 23._o vignerus_fw-la in_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n call_v dygue_n the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n konung_n or_o king_n 24._o ingemarus_n or_o agnus_n as_o some_o report_n murder_v by_o his_o wife_n 25._o humelus_n or_o humblus_n who_o elder_a son_n dan_fw-mi be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o gve_n name_n to_o that_o nation_n 26._o sigtrugus_n who_o defeat_v gramus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n in_o battle_n 27._o suibdagerus_n first_o of_o all_o king_n of_o norway_n next_o of_o denmark_n and_o afterward_o of_o sweden_n the_o first_o foreigner_n after_o odinus_n that_o obtain_v the_o swedish_n kingdom_n 28._o asmundus_n 29._o vffo_n both_o which_o wage_v a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n with_o hadingus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n 30._o hunningus_n or_o hundingus_n who_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o hadingus_fw-la and_o love_v he_o so_o entire_o that_o hear_v a_o false_a report_v of_o his_o death_n he_o make_v a_o funeral_n banquet_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o honour_n and_o remembrance_n of_o he_o invite_v his_o noble_n to_o it_o and_o as_o not_o will_v to_o survive_v his_o friend_n before_o they_o all_o drown_v himself_o in_o a_o vessel_n of_o metheglin_n which_o hadingus_fw-la hearing_n and_o be_v resolve_v that_o affection_n shall_v not_o seem_v cold_a on_o his_o part_n for_o very_a grief_n hang_v himself_o 31._o regnerus_n a_o good_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 32._o hothebrodus_n who_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o helgo_n king_n of_o denmark_n because_o he_o in_o disgrace_n of_o
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
to_o teach_v he_o and_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o religion_n ethelred_n according_o order_v sigfridus_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o with_o he_o two_o priest_n eschillas_n and_o davidus_fw-la to_o go_v into_o sweden_n where_o the_o king_n kind_o receive_v they_o be_v by_o they_o baptize_v and_o at_o their_o entreaty_n build_v christian_a church_n in_o most_o province_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a constancy_n and_o zeal_n in_o his_o religion_n have_v the_o name_n of_o christianissimus_a give_v he_o he_o among_o several_a good_a law_n and_o constitution_n order_v that_o the_o chief_a power_n of_o elect_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o goth_n in_o any_o case_n but_o principal_o to_o the_o swede_n and_o that_o they_o before_o call_v king_n of_o vpsal_n shall_v be_v thenceforth_o style_v king_n of_o swedland_n and_o gothland_n this_o king_n suppress_v duel_v and_o the_o runick_a character_n introduce_v the_o trial_n by_o fire_n ordeal_o and_o die_v in_o a_o happy_a old_a age_n 98._o anundus_fw-la nickname_v carbonarius_n because_o he_o order_v that_o whosoever_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n which_o he_o have_v promulgate_v shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o crime_n either_o have_v all_o his_o house_n or_o part_n of_o it_o burn_v down_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n by_o the_o care_n of_o his_o father_n olaus_n which_o in_o his_o reign_n he_o defend_v and_o die_v peaceable_o 99_o enundus_fw-la base-son_n to_o olaus_n and_o brother_n to_o anundus_n surname_v gammel_n i._n e._n base_a from_o his_o contempt_n of_o religion_n or_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n because_o he_o yield_v up_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n schonen_fw-mi blekingia_n and_o hallandia_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gothia_n 100_o haquinus_fw-la iii_o surname_v rufus_n 101._o stenchillus_n ii_o breed_v up_o in_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o very_o much_o encourage_v among_o his_o subject_n make_v his_o palace_n a_o sanctuary_n for_o any_o that_o be_v persecute_v in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n for_o that_o profession_n 102._o ingo_n iii_o not_o descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a but_o for_o his_o singular_a virtue_n elect_v king_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o exact_a a_o observer_n of_o his_o own_o law_n that_o he_o never_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o they_o 103._o halstanus_n a_o just_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n 104._o philippus_n 105._o ingo_n iu._n in_o his_o progress_n through_o his_o dominion_n by_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n poison_a at_o a_o small_a village_n in_o ostrogothia_a 106._o ragvaldus_n surname_v knaphofde_v i._n e._n cock-brained_a elect_v by_o the_o swede_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o goth_n which_o they_o not_o endure_v as_o think_v it_o a_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n rebel_v against_o he_o and_o in_o battle_n slay_v he_o for_o one_o to_o succeed_v he_o both_o nation_n pitch_v upon_o 107._o suercherus_fw-la two_o who_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o church_n on_o christmas_n day_n be_v by_o a_o ruffian_n employ_v by_o one_o scatelerus_n who_o hope_v to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n after_o his_o death_n miserable_o assassinate_v gothick_n king_n out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n who_o reign_v over_o the_o goth_n while_o they_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n vistula_n or_o weissel_n and_o also_o in_o dacia_n and_o thracia_n near_o that_o time_n when_o according_a to_o some_o author_n they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o ostro_fw-la and_o westro-goth_n 1._o anthinus_n 2._o antheas_n 3._o gothilas_n a_o famous_a queen_n who_o daughter_n medumpa_n be_v marry_v to_o philip_n king_n of_o macedonia_n 4._o sitalcus_fw-la elect_v king_n an._n ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 300._o he_o with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n lay_v waste_v all_o the_o country_n of_o greece_n 5._o dromgethes_n 6._o tanobonta_fw-la 7._o boroista_n cotemporary_a with_o sylla_n the_o roman_a dictator_n who_o live_v an._n aunt_n nat_n christ_n 76._o 8._o commositus_fw-la both_o king_n and_o priest_n 9_o corillus_fw-la under_o who_o conduct_n the_o goth_n say_v lazius_n first_o of_o all_o invade_v dacia_n 10._o dorpaneus_n co-temporary_a with_o domitian_n the_o roman_a emperor_n an._n christ_n 83._o 11._o decebalus_n 12._o ostrogotha_n 13._o cinna_z or_o omba_n 14._o cannabas_n or_o canabande_n 15._o hildericus_n surname_v ovida_fw-la who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a 16._o gebeticus_fw-la 17._o armanaricus_n who_o be_v say_v damasc_n suppl_n eutrop._n overcome_v by_o the_o hunns_n and_o make_v tributary_n to_o they_o 18._o vinnitarius_n 19_o hunimundus_n 20._o totismundus_n 21._o alaricus_n and_o fridigernus_n who_o as_o lazius_n mention_n reign_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o thracia_n they_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n send_v against_o they_o command_v by_o valens_n the_o emperor_n who_o they_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o apprehend_v he_o in_o a_o small_a cottage_n whither_o he_o have_v flee_v to_o hide_v himself_o burn_v he_o to_o death_n 23._o theomarus_n who_o conquer_v maesia_n 24._o radagaisus_n who_o to_o maesia_n add_v a_o great_a part_n of_o pannonia_n an._n christ_n 390._o 25._o alvaricus_n a_o potent_a king_n 26._o alaricus_n ii_o who_o subdue_v all_o illyricum_n and_o extend_v his_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o italy_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n son_n to_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n either_o for_o some_o private_a end_n wish_v the_o success_n or_o not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o power_n of_o his_o force_n and_o thereupon_o not_o timely_a prevent_v his_o design_n he_o sack_v rome_n subdue_v naples_n and_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n but_o at_o last_o the_o goth_n be_v by_o stilico_n general_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n driven_z out_o of_o italy_n and_o after_o their_o departure_n thence_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v sit_v down_o in_o france_n the_o ostrogothish_a king_n who_o rule_v in_o italy_n according_a to_o wolf_n lazius_n 1._o alaricus_n i._o 2._o theodericus_fw-la who_o leo_n or_o as_o scalig._n zeno_n the_o emperor_n make_v his_o adopt_a son_n he_o expel_v the_o heruli_n out_o of_o italy_n and_o whole_o subject_v it_o to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o goth_n he_o have_v one_o daughter_n name_v amalasuentha_n 3._o theodatus_fw-la or_o as_o jornandes_n have_v it_o eutharicus_fw-la call_v out_o of_o france_n by_o the_o italic_a goth_n to_o be_v their_o king_n 4._o alaricus_n two_o though_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n who_o settle_v in_o italy_n 5._o alaricus_n iii_o 6._o athalaricus_n who_o have_v one_o only_a daughter_n who_o he_o marry_v to_o vittigis_fw-la who_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n for_o about_o fourteen_o year_n and_o defend_v himself_o brave_o against_o the_o roman_a power_n 7._o illovadus_n he_o be_v kill_v in_o battle_n by_o narses_n the_o roman_a general_n 8._o alaricus_n iu._n who_o reign_v only_o five_o month_n 9_o totylas_n or_o odilo_n 10._o teias_n the_o last_o gothish_a king_n in_o italy_n who_o himself_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o his_o people_n almost_o all_o root_v out_o and_o destroy_v by_o they_o some_o few_o only_o remain_v who_o mix_v and_o incorporate_n with_o the_o italian_n at_o present_a pass_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n with_o they_o westro_n or_o wiso-gothick_a king_n who_o reign_v in_o gallia_n lugdunensis_n and_o aquitanica_fw-la 1._o alaricus_n i._n who_o as_o be_v say_v conduct_v the_o gothick_n people_n into_o those_o part_n an._n salut_n 411._o 2._o austulphus_n son_n to_o alaricus_n 3._o theodericus_fw-la kill_v by_o attyla_n king_n of_o the_o hunns_n 4._o turismundus_n son_n to_o theodericus_fw-la who_o to_o revenge_v his_o father_n death_n wage_v war_n with_o the_o hunns_n and_o overcome_v they_o 5._o dietmarus_n in_o who_o time_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o goth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o vallia_n go_v into_o spain_n 6._o gundoccarus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o theodosius_n junior_a after_o his_o reign_n the_o goth_n in_o these_o part_n grow_v inconsiderable_a as_o intermix_v themselves_o with_o other_o people_n and_o not_o have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o but_o be_v subject_v to_o many_z other_o prince_n beside_o these_o gothish_a king_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v there_o be_v many_o other_o who_o rule_v over_o the_o wisogoth_n in_o spain_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n a_o catalogue_n of_o who_o we_o leave_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o spain_n and_o arragon_n and_o the_o kingdom_n where_o they_o reign_v for_o the_o goth_n in_o those_o part_n blending_a with_o the_o romani_n alani_n suevi_n mauri_n saraceni_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o so_o much_o continue_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o themselves_o as_o become_v a_o people_n incorporate_v with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n or_o these_o with_o the_o goth_n so_o that_o they_o be_v rule_v by_o
foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o manner_n model_v by_o different_a law_n the_o second_o great_a epocha_n in_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n be_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 108._o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n a_o virtuous_a and_o pious_a prince_n he_o never_o lay_v any_o tax_n or_o imposition_n upon_o his_o subject_n but_o be_v content_a with_o the_o crown-patrimony_n and_o when_o money_n be_v offer_v he_o by_o his_o people_n he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o he_o build_v the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vpsal_n and_o propagate_v christianity_n to_o the_o finlander_n this_o king_n new_o model_v all_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o expunge_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v paganism_n he_o be_v murder_v by_o a_o party_n of_o rebel_n and_o in_o the_o very_a place_n where_o they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n there_o present_o issue_v out_o say_v loccen_n a_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n famous_a for_o cure_v disease_n 109._o charles_n vii_o a_o peaceable_a and_o religious_a king_n who_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o have_v a_o archbishop_n see_v grant_v he_o in_o his_o own_o dominion_n 110._o canutus_n son_n to_o ericus_n 111._o suercherus_fw-la ii_o 112._o ericus_n x_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 113._o john_n ay_o surname_v the_o meek_a he_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n among_o the_o leiflander_n 114._o ericus_n xi_o surname_v the_o stammerer_n he_o root_v out_o paganism_n in_o tavastia_n and_o bring_v over_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n 115._o waldemarus_n son_n to_o bergerus_n jerl_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n in_o his_o father_n absence_n be_v clect_v king_n which_o his_o father_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o at_o his_o return_n declare_v his_o displeasure_n that_o a_o unexperienced_a youth_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o himself_o disregard_v he_o be_v thereupon_o desire_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n after_o his_o death_n waldemarus_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o rule_v by_o his_o own_o unfortunate_a command_v he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o people_n and_o his_o crown_n give_v to_o 116._o magnus_n i_o surname_v ladulaus_n i._n e._n the_o lock_n to_o granary_n because_o he_o make_v such_o severe_a law_n against_o steal_v corn_n and_o break_v up_o granary_n that_o in_o his_o reign_n the_o people_n use_v neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n his_o law_n be_v sufficien_fw-fr to_o secure_v they_o from_o thief_n and_o robber_n he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o make_v several_a wholesome_a law_n order_v that_o all_o offender_n instead_o of_o pay_v mulct_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o build_v some_o tower_n or_o fort._n 117._o birgerus_n son_n to_o magnus_n in_o his_o time_n and_o by_o his_o mean_n carelia_n receive_v the_o gospel_n he_o manage_v affair_n imprudent_o and_o thereupon_o be_v depose_v and_o banish_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o kingdom_n confer_v on_o 118._o magnus_fw-la ii_o surname_v smeek_a i._n e._n the_o flatter_a or_o cocker_v prince_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o rule_v peaceable_o and_o have_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n but_o fall_v into_o sottishness_n and_o follow_v strange_a woman_n he_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v in_o a_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n public_o arraign_v for_o his_o misdemeanour_n call_v for_o to_o answer_v for_o himself_o and_o not_o appear_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o they_o depose_v ericus_n xii_o son_n to_o magnus_n sometime_o during_o his_o father_n reign_n manage_v all_o business_n of_o state_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v by_o some_o reckon_v among_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n though_o without_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o be_v only_o a_o assistant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o council_n not_o a_o partner_n in_o the_o government_n the_o four_o swedish_n epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o remarkable_a alteration_n of_o affair_n under_o 119._o albertus_n of_o mecklebourg_n elect_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n for_o some_o time_n he_o rule_v well_o but_o prefer_v germane_a to_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trust_n in_o his_o kingdom_n he_o thereupon_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o crown_n to_o boot_v after_o he_o be_v depose_v he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n the_o person_n who_o succeed_v be_v 120._o margarita_n queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n she_o vex_v her_o subject_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n admit_v dane_n englishman_n and_o italian_n into_o public_a office_n and_o be_v thereupon_o assault_v by_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v certain_o slay_v she_o have_v she_o not_o give_v they_o fair_a promise_n and_o propose_v to_o they_o one_o to_o succeed_v she_o viz._n 121._o ericus_n xiii_o her_o nephew_n son_n to_o wartislavus_n duke_n of_o pomeren_n he_o be_v king_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o marry_v philippe_n daughter_n to_o henry_n iv_o then_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o time_n he_o reign_v happy_o but_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o observe_v his_o coronation-oath_n he_o fall_v into_o great_a trouble_n and_o at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v three_o crown_n for_o five_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v dethrone_v by_o his_o subject_n this_o king_n after_o he_o be_v depose_v be_v say_v to_o have_v turn_v pirate_n and_o very_o much_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n his_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n be_v give_v to_o 122._o christophorus_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n this_o king_n revise_v and_o correct_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o sweden_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v from_o he_o call_v christopher_n law_n he_o die_v sudden_o at_o helsinburg_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o consult_v with_o his_o noble_n at_o jenecopia_n after_o this_o king_n death_n there_o be_v a_o interregnum_fw-la for_o some_o small_a time_n during_o which_o all_o public_a business_n be_v manage_v by_o one_o benedictus_n bielke_n and_o nicolaus_n banner_n two_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n christophorus_n the_o five_o epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v undertake_v by_o 123._o carolus_n viii_o canuti_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothish_a king_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o pretend_a title_n to_o gotlandia_n which_o the_o dane_n then_o possess_v and_o thereupon_o make_v war_n with_o christianus_n i_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o with_o small_a success_n he_o lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n heavy_a and_o grievous_a tax_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o church_n land_n and_o pious_a donation_n lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o expel_v or_o rather_o by_o the_o danish_a force_n drive_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n his_o friend_n who_o he_o in_o his_o banishment_n trust_v himself_o with_o be_v casimirus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o entertain_v he_o noble_o for_o seven_o year_n during_o which_o time_n sweden_n be_v govern_v by_o 124._o christiernus_fw-la i._n king_n of_o denmark_n call_v hither_o by_o the_o prevail_a faction_n but_o seize_v the_o public_a treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commit_v many_o cruelty_n he_o be_v short_o after_o depose_v from_o be_v king_n and_o 125._o carolus_n canuti_n recall_v from_o dantzick_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v trouble_v with_o civil_a commotion_n at_o home_n chief_o manage_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n and_o endanger_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n from_o abroad_o command_v by_o the_o depose_v king_n christiernus_fw-la i._n he_o voluntary_o leave_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o appoint_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o nephew_n 126._o steno_n stir_v senior_n who_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n rather_o as_o a_o protector_n than_o a_o absolute_a governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o manage_v all_o public_a affair_n very_o happy_o and_o with_o great_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o people_n for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o act_v in_o several_a matter_n without_o their_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n for_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o riga_n against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o which_o the_o russes_z taking_z advantage_n have_v make_v some_o inroad_n into_o livonia_n and_o finland_n and_o suchlike_a crime_n and_o thereupon_o by_o they_o turn_v out_o of_o all_o office_n the_o kingdom_n be_v confer_v on_o 127._o john_n ii_o son_n to_o christiern_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o take_v steno_n stir_v into_o favour_n and_o go_v as_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o visit_v his_o dominion_n leave_v he_o viceroy_n at_o stockholm_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o
state_n during_o his_o absence_n steno_fw-it get_v into_o the_o office_n endeavour_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o lessen_v his_o master_n and_o to_o advance_v his_o own_o credit_n and_o interest_n with_o the_o people_n and_o thereupon_o calumniate_v he_o as_o a_o public_a enemy_n to_o the_o nation_n seize_v upon_o those_o castle_n and_o fort_n which_o the_o king_n have_v officer_v with_o dane_n besieges_fw-fr stockholm_n gain_v the_o city_n present_o the_o castle_n in_o which_o the_o queen_n have_v secure_v herself_o after_o two_o year_n siege_n and_o not_o long_o after_o the_o command_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n upon_o these_o disorder_n in_o sweden_n the_o king_n shelter_n himself_o in_o denmark_n thence_o send_v a_o messenger_n to_o steno_n stir_v desire_v he_o to_o send_v his_o queen_n christina_n to_o he_o who_o he_o courteous_o attend_v to_o the_o border_n of_o denmark_n die_v sudden_o at_o jenecopia_n a_o city_n in_o smalandia_n be_v as_o be_v suppose_v poison_v by_o some_o of_o the_o queen_n friend_n the_o kingdom_n be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o noble_n and_o give_v to_o or_o rather_o as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v forcible_o obtain_v by_o 128._o suanto_fw-la stir_v son_n to_o one_o nicolaus_n grand_a marshal_n of_o sweden_n he_o be_v administrator_n or_o protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o absolute_a king_n he_o take_v colmar_n then_o possess_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o maintain_v a_o bloody_a war_n against_o john_n ii_o of_o denmark_n the_o exile_a king_n of_o sweden_n a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v agree_v on_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o colmar_n he_o refuse_v to_o be_v present_a and_o be_v thereupon_o by_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o john_n of_o denmark_n declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o public_a and_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o as_o such_o he_o and_o all_o his_o accomplice_n be_v by_o all_o good_a man_n to_o be_v deem_v and_o their_o possession_n to_o be_v confiscate_v suanto_fw-la not_o value_v all_o their_o protestation_n against_o he_o declare_v against_o their_o proceed_n and_o strike_v a_o league_n with_o the_o lubecher_n which_o they_o afterward_o break_v put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n he_o die_v at_o arhusia_n after_o he_o have_v govern_v very_o happy_o for_o eight_o year_n the_o next_o who_o succeed_v he_o be_v his_o son_n 129._o steno_n stir_v junior_n protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o some_o grievous_a quarrel_n and_o animosity_n break_v out_o betwixt_o this_o king_n and_o gustavus_n trolle_v who_o afterward_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n the_o kingdom_n be_v miserable_o shatter_v and_o opportunity_n give_v to_o christiern_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o it_o steno_n to_o defend_v himself_o raise_v a_o army_n go_v against_o he_o and_o near_o the_o lake_n wener_n lose_v his_o life_n in_o battle_n the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o noble_n under_o certain_a condition_n as_o of_o have_v their_o law_n and_o religion_n protect_v etc._n etc._n give_v to_o 130._o christiern_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o have_v obtain_v the_o diadem_n meditate_a nothing_o more_o than_o revenge_n and_o cruelty_n and_o commit_v so_o many_o massacre_n and_o act_n of_o hostility_n upon_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o much_o inferior_a in_o tyranny_n to_o nero_n himself_o he_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o decide_v the_o trouble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n invite_v all_o his_o noble_n to_o a_o royal_a banquet_n and_o after_o have_v treat_v they_o splendid_o for_o two_o whole_a day_n at_o last_o pretend_v the_o disturb_a state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n bull_n which_o he_o cause_v public_o to_o be_v read_v before_o they_o give_v he_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o murder_v they_o cast_v their_o dead_a body_n out_o into_o the_o street_n where_o they_o lie_v for_o three_o day_n to_o be_v tear_v by_o dog_n and_o tread_v upon_o by_o the_o soldier_n the_o body_n of_o steno_n stir_v which_o have_v lie_v some_o time_n in_o the_o ground_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v dug_n up_o and_o give_v to_o the_o dog_n to_o devour_v with_o suchlike_a unheard_a of_o cruelty_n which_o make_v he_o hate_v among_o his_o swedish_n subject_n and_o not_o secure_a while_o he_o live_v among_o they_o hereupon_o he_o retire_v or_o rather_o flee_v into_o denmark_n and_o the_o whole_a management_n of_o swedish_n affair_n be_v undertake_v by_o 131._o gustavus_n i._o nephew_n to_o steno_n stir_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o christiern_n have_v put_v to_o death_n he_o when_o young_a be_v take_v by_o christiern_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n into_o denmark_n whence_o miraculous_o escape_v he_o come_v into_o sweden_n put_v himself_o in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o dissent_v party_n manage_v several_a engagement_n against_o the_o tyrant_n very_o successful_o and_o be_v at_o last_o seem_o much_a against_o his_o will_n crown_v king_n this_o king_n be_v the_o first_o who_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n hereditary_n the_o noble_n and_o commons_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o nation_n free_o give_v up_o their_o ancient_a right_n of_o elect_v and_o establish_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o encourage_v and_o propagate_v the_o lutheran_n confession_n in_o sweden_n and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o reform_a prince_n of_o germany_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o all_o opposer_n he_o protest_v against_o christianus_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o allege_v some_o pretension_n to_o the_o arm_n three_o crown_n or_o of_o sweden_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o russes_z and_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v happy_o for_o nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a old-age_n his_o diadem_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n be_v confer_v on_o the_o head_n of_o 132._o ericus_n fourteen_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o soon_o as_o or_o before_o he_o be_v well_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o propose_v to_o the_o senate_n be_v to_o consult_v about_o a_o marriage_n with_o elizabeth_n queen_n of_o england_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o dane_n which_o they_o not_o observe_v on_o their_o part_n he_o make_v war_n against_o they_o invade_v norway_n and_o commit_v some_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o norwegian_a nobleman_n thereupon_o quite_o lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o rebellious_a brother_n notwithstanding_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n treacherous_o betray_v thrust_v from_o his_o throne_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o prison_n where_o after_o nine_o year_n confinement_n he_o die_v miserable_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n when_o he_o perceive_v what_o way_n affair_n will_v go_v and_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o justice_n be_v transfer_v he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v write_v under_o his_o escutcheon_n these_o word_n translatum_fw-la est_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o factum_fw-la est_fw-la fratris_fw-la mei_fw-la a_o domino_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la ei_fw-la which_o so_o happen_v for_o the_o diadem_n in_o right_n descend_v upon_o 133._o john_n iii_o brother_n to_o ericus_n he_o as_o soon_o as_o invest_v with_o his_o royal_a robe_n endeavour_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o a_o quiet_a reign_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n the_o pole_n and_o the_o dane_n his_o three_o potent_a neighbour_n this_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v endeavour_v to_o introduce_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n into_o his_o dominion_n and_o labour_v to_o persuade_v his_o brother_n charles_n to_o embrace_v that_o profession_n but_o with_o small_a success_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v victorious_a in_o war_n and_o see_v his_o son_n sigismond_n crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o die_v not_o without_o suspicion_n of_o be_v poison_v after_o his_o death_n his_o brother_n charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n for_o some_o time_n manage_v all_o public_a affair_n till_o his_o nephew_n to_o who_o according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o crown_n do_v belong_v can_v convenient_o come_v out_o of_o poland_n to_o receive_v it_o 134._o sigismond_n son_n to_o john_n iii_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n hereupon_o the_o state_n of_o sweden_n fear_v lest_o he_o be_v admit_v king_n may_v reestablish_v popery_n among_o they_o before_o his_o coronation_n propose_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o religion_n reform_v according_a to_o luther_n but_o to_o allow_v his_o subject_n the_o free_a exercise_n of_o that_o profession_n this_o oath_n he_o endeavour_v at_o first_o to_o evade_v but_o be_v
advise_v by_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o some_o jesuit_n that_o a_o oath_n take_v by_o he_o with_o heretic_n be_v not_o obligatory_a or_o if_o he_o scruple_v that_o that_o a_o dispensation_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o be_v easy_o attainable_a from_o the_o pope_n at_o last_o solemn_o take_v it_o and_o promise_v the_o state_n faithful_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o he_o leave_v sweden_n and_o return_v into_o poland_n during_o his_o absence_n all_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v manage_v by_o duke_n charles_n his_o uncle_n who_o for_o some_o small_a time_n execute_v the_o office_n of_o viceroy_n very_o quiet_o and_o to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n but_o some_o difference_n arise_v about_o religion_n the_o papist_n jesuit_n especial_o to_o who_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o worship_n have_v be_v grant_v grow_v powerful_a and_o thereupon_o behave_v themselves_o insolent_o towards_o the_o lutheran_n the_o business_n of_o state_n become_v trouble_v and_o the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n and_o removal_n of_o jealousy_n out_o of_o the_o people_n heart_n a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n hereupon_o sigismond_n be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o poland_n but_o both_o delay_n to_o come_v into_o sweden_n and_o to_o send_v order_n to_o his_o uncle_n ch._n an._n ch._n that_o popish_a delinquent_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v to_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o law_n be_v proceed_v against_o as_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o that_o other_o suchlike_a grievance_n shall_v be_v redress_v he_o so_o lose_v his_o interest_n with_o his_o swedish_n subject_n that_o when_o at_o last_o he_o come_v among_o they_o they_o oppose_v he_o as_o a_o public_a enemy_n make_v war_n against_o he_o and_o overcome_v he_o in_o battle_n after_o he_o be_v defeat_v he_o return_v to_o poland_n and_o his_o crown_n of_o sweden_n be_v by_o the_o state_n set_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o his_o uncle_n 135._o charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o brother_n to_o john_n iii_o he_o maintain_v the_o augustan_n confession_n during_o his_o whole_a reign_n carry_v on_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o his_o nephew_n sigismond_n and_o christianus_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o he_o challenge_v to_o a_o duel_n and_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eleven_o year_n dye_v at_o nycopia_n in_o his_o return_n from_o oppose_v the_o dane_n the_o government_n after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n descend_v upon_o his_o elder_a son_n 136._o gustavus_n adolphus_n ii_o surname_v the_o great_a this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n prosecute_v the_o war_n with_o denmark_n which_o his_o father_n be_v engage_v in_o at_o his_o death_n but_o intend_v to_o turn_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o his_o cousin_n sigismond_n k._n of_o poland_n he_o within_o a_o short_a time_n conclude_v a_o peace_n both_o with_o the_o dane_n and_o muscovite_n this_o do_v he_o invade_v livonia_n take_v several_a place_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o that_o and_o other_o province_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o at_o last_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o his_o cousin_n for_o six_o year_n he_o return_v into_o sweden_n during_o the_o war_n with_o poland_n ferdinand_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v do_v he_o as_o he_o allege_v very_o many_o injury_n as_o his_o send_v assistance_n to_o the_o pole_n into_o borussia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o arnhemius_fw-la his_o not_o admit_v the_o swedish_n delegate_n to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o lubeck_n but_o charge_v they_o to_o depart_v the_o empire_n etc._n etc._n whereupon_o he_o invade_v the_o imperial_a dominion_n take_v several_a strong_a city_n and_o after_o he_o have_v overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v kill_v in_o battle_n near_o leipsick_a he_o be_v succeed_v by_o 137._o christina_n his_o only_a daughter_n who_o be_v then_o but_o seven_o year_n old_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v order_v by_o her_o guardian_n till_o she_o come_v to_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o her_o age_n at_o which_o time_n she_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o herself_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o either_o weary_a of_o rule_v so_o potent_a a_o kingdom_n or_o think_v the_o care_n of_o it_o too_o great_a a_o burden_n for_o she_o to_o undergo_v voluntary_o lay_v down_o the_o crown_n and_o commend_v it_o to_o 138._o charles_n gustavus_n x._o a_o noble_a and_o victorious_a prince_n he_o maintain_v war_n against_o the_o pole_n the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o dane_n as_o he_o be_v return_v from_o gottenburg_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o denmark_n to_o stockholm_n he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n and_o his_o kingdom_n according_a to_o right_a of_o succession_n descend_v upon_o 139._o charles_n xi_o his_o son_n than_o four_o year_n of_o age_n during_o his_o minority_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o his_o guardian_n but_o come_v to_o full_a age_n he_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n and_o be_v now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1680._o age_a twentyfour_o year_n a_o warlike_a and_o virtuous_a prince_n of_o the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n beyond_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n lie_v the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n finland_n finland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n somi_n or_o soma_n from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o lake_n that_o be_v in_o it_o soma_n signify_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o the_o swede_n first_o and_o after_o they_o by_o all_o stranger_n call_v finland_n q._n fineland_n from_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o country_n or_o as_o other_o say_v q._n fiende-land_n i.e._n the_o land_n of_o fiend_n or_o enemy_n the_o finlander_n use_v for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o that_o kingdom_n and_o very_o much_o injure_v and_o molest_v its_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o sinus_n finnicus_n and_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o part_n of_o the_o finnic_a and_o baltic_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o seven_o province_n province_n its_o province_n 1._o southern-finland_n 2._o northern-finland_n 3._o cajania_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la 5._o tavastia_n 6._o nylandia_n and_o 7._o carelia_n 1._o finland_n southern_a finland_n southern_a finland_n part_v from_o the_o northern_a by_o the_o river_n aujaroki_n which_o water_v the_o episcopal_a city_n abo._n it_o extend_v itself_o all_o along_o the_o finnic_a bay_n eastward_o have_v on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n the_o province_n of_o tavastia_n and_o nylandia_n in_o it_o be_v beside_o several_a little_a town_n two_o remarkable_a fort_n viz._n gusto_n in_o the_o western_a and_o raseberg_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o dynasty_a or_o principality_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o 2._o finland_n northern_a finland_n northern_a finland_n run_v along_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v indifferent_o large_a in_o circumference_n take_v in_o both_o the_o satagunda_n with_o viemo_n and_o masco_n water_v it_o be_v by_o one_o only_a river_n call_v cumo-elff_a famous_a for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o city_n biorneborgh_n town_n of_o note_n here_o be_v raumo_n nystadh_n and_o nadhendal_n to_o these_o sanson_n add_v castelholm_n in_o the_o island_n alandia_n 3._o cajania_n cajania_n cajania_n or_o ost-bothnia_a as_o some_o call_v it_o in_o opposition_n to_o west-bothnia_a which_o lie_v over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n in_o it_o be_v many_o large_a river_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v kimi-elff_a which_o empti_v itself_o into_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n at_o the_o most_o northern_a cape_n of_o it_o and_o part_n this_o province_n from_o west-bothnia_a jio-elff_a and_o vla-elff_a city_n here_o be_v 1._o vlam_n or_o vlo_fw-la 2._o vasa_n or_o wassam_n cal_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o fort_n cajaneburg_n and_o vlaburg_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o a_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o part_v it_o from_o carelia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o muscovitic_a lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o tavastia_n and_o carelia_n this_o province_n abound_v much_o with_o lake_n and_o river_n most_o of_o which_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n the_o river_n afford_v fish_n pike_n especial_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o the_o lake_n beside_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n they_o breed_v supply_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o seacalve_n not_o meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o scandian_a lake_n here_o be_v one_o remarkable_a fort_n
king_n of_o denmark_n be_v call_v dan_n who_o reign_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n from_o he_o denmark_n have_v its_o name_n but_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v we_o of_o this_o king_n like_o all_o their_o ancient_a history_n be_v so_o incoherent_a and_o incredible_a that_o little_a trust_n can_v be_v give_v to_o this_o etymology_n other_o ridiculous_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o dane_n and_o danemark_n from_o dan_n the_o son_n of_o jacob._n some_o from_o the_o grecian_a danai_n hadrianus_n junius_n a_o learned_a historian_n but_o not_o too_o happy_a in_o etymology_n will_v have_v the_o dane_n so_o call_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o fir-tree_n which_o grow_v in_o their_o country_n not_o consider_v that_o a_o fir-tree_n have_v not_o the_o same_o name_n dannen_n or_o tannen-baum_a in_o denmark_n as_o in_o germany_n for_o the_o dane_n as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a call_v it_o a_o firtre_n or_o firtrae_n pontanus_n sleght_v all_o the_o conjecture_n of_o other_o author_n think_v he_o give_v we_o a_o sufficient_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n dani_n and_o dania_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o people_n be_v the_o danciones_fw-la or_o dansciones_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a mr._n cambden_n read_v the_o word_n instead_o of_o dausiones_n in_o the_o vulgar_a copy_n mention_v by_o ptolomey_n but_o this_o determination_n be_v not_o at_o all_o satisfactory_a for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o how_o long_o but_o whence_o the_o dane_n have_v have_v their_o name_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o dare_v not_o assent_v to_o any_o of_o the_o derivation_n yet_o give_v but_o have_v rather_o guess_v that_o the_o dane_n or_o dansche_n take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o great_a opinion_n they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o uprightness_n and_o integrity_n for_o danneman_n be_v a_o word_n ordinary_o use_v among_o they_o to_o this_o day_n to_o denote_v a_o honest_a and_o good_a man_n thus_o the_o german_n use_v the_o phrase_n ein_fw-ge teutschhertziger_fw-ge mensch_fw-ge to_o signify_v a_o true_a dutch_n heart_v fellow_n and_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o constant_a custom_n of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n to_o give_v themselves_o name_n from_o their_o piety_n as_o well_o as_o prowess_n thus_o the_o people_n who_o style_v themselves_o germane_a war-man_n in_o the_o field_n be_v teutschen_n or_o godly_a at_o home_n and_o the_o cimbri_n or_o camp-fighter_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v gottisch_n pious_a and_o religious_a as_o soon_o as_o they_o lay_v down_o their_o weapon_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o cimbri_n and_o getae_n inhabitant_n ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v discourse_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o jutland_n concern_v the_o goth_n something_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o description_n of_o sweden_n and_o more_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o cimbric_n island_n the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o 1._o jutland_o situation_n division_n and_o situation_n which_o be_v a_o peninsula_n wash_v on_o either_o side_n by_o the_o german_a and_o baltic_a sea_n and_o bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o nether_a saxony_n 2._o zeeland_n funen_n with_o some_o more_o island_n of_o less_o note_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v 3._o schonen_fw-mi and_z halland_n which_o former_o do_v belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1658_o by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v at_o roschild_n between_o frederic_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o charles_n x._o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v whole_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o swedeland_n and_o by_o another_o ratification_n hold_v at_o copenhagen_n 1660_o confirm_v to_o it_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o in_o some_o place_n of_o germany_n which_o lie_v much_o more_o to_o the_o south_n air._n air._n nor_o so_o hot_a in_o summer_n this_o temperature_n proceed_v chief_o from_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n which_o as_o in_o england_n fan_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o summer_n and_o keep_v they_o warm_a in_o winter_n sometime_o indeed_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v freeze_v up_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n march_v his_o army_n out_o of_o jutland_n into_o zeeland_n over_o the_o ice_n and_o then_o charcoal_n and_o turf_n which_o be_v their_o only_a fuel_n stand_v their_o friend_n the_o land_n natural_o barren_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o little_a but_o wood_n and_o mountain_n be_v by_o the_o late_a care_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v very_o fruitful_a funen_n furnish_v many_o foreign_a part_n with_o barley_n and_o zeeland_n great_a trade_n lie_v in_o transport_v of_o corn_n and_o hay_n schonen_fw-mi be_v full_a of_o pleasant_a meadow_n whence_o some_o author_n think_v it_o have_v its_o name_n for_o schone_n signify_v fair_a the_o rich_a pasture_n in_o denmark_n afford_v such_o multitude_n of_o kine_n cattle_n cattle_n that_o according_a to_o oldenburgh_n relation_n some_o year_n forty_o thousand_o other_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o cow_n and_o ox_n be_v hence_o transport_v into_o the_o low_a country_n which_o must_v needs_o exceed_o enrich_v the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v also_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n but_o not_o in_o such_o number_n that_o they_o can_v afford_v to_o send_v any_o into_o other_o nation_n helmoldus_n tell_v we_o fish_n fish_n that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o great_a riches_n of_o the_o dane_n consist_v in_o fish_n and_o saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v the_o seacoast_n round_a zeeland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v so_o stock_v with_o shoal_n of_o herring_n and_o other_o fish_n that_o you_o may_v not_o only_o take_v they_o up_o with_o your_o hand_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o net_n line_n or_o hook_n but_o that_o they_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o ship_n and_o bo_n certain_a it_o be_v however_o strange_a and_o incredible_a saxo_n story_n may_v appear_v herring_n swim_v usual_o in_o infinite_a number_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ancient_o better_a stock_v with_o this_o kind_n of_o fish_n then_o the_o coast_n of_o denmark_n but_o of_o late_a year_n the_o herring-trade_n have_v fail_v strange_o here_o and_o those_o they_o do_v catch_v come_v far_o short_a of_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a herring_n in_o bulk_n and_o goodness_n i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o think_v with_o oldenburgh_n this_o decay_n of_o the_o fishing-trade_n in_o denmark_n a_o judgement_n inflict_v on_o the_o inhabitant_n since_o our_o fisherman_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o some_o year_n the_o herring_n haunt_v the_o english_a shore_n sometime_o the_o dutch_a or_o french_a however_o though_o the_o herring_n have_v forsake_v they_o they_o have_v still_o plenty_n of_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n as_o plaise_n whiteing_n cod_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o dry_a and_o send_v abroad_o pontanus_n to_o show_v how_o well_o they_o be_v provide_v in_o this_o kind_n tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n it_o happen_v not_o many_o year_n before_o the_o write_n of_o his_o history_n of_o denmark_n that_o several_a ambassador_n from_o most_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n in_o europe_n be_v meet_v together_o at_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n court_n have_v some_o dispute_v about_o precedency_n some_o of_o they_o assert_v the_o dignity_n and_o power_n of_o their_o master_n from_o the_o riches_n of_o their_o country_n in_o gold_n and_o silver_n other_o brag_v of_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n fruit_n etc._n etc._n when_o all_o have_v do_v the_o danish_a ambassador_n tell_v they_o that_o shall_v the_o rich_a prince_n in_o europe_n sell_v his_o kingdom_n and_o with_o the_o price_n buy_v nothing_o else_o but_o wooden_a platter_n the_o king_n his_o master_n be_v able_a to_o fill_v they_o all_o with_o three_o sort_n of_o fresh_a fish_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n the_o happy_a prince_n in_o christendom_n and_o place_v his_o ambassador_n next_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o sit_v on_o the_o emperor_n right_a hand_n their_o forest_n be_v full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n forest_n forest_n insomuch_o that_o every_o hunt_a season_n which_o common_o be_v in_o august_n there_o be_v above_o sixteen_o hundred_o buck_n bring_v in_o to_o the_o king_n palace_n beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o hare_n coney_n boar_n etc._n etc._n however_o the_o ancient_a roman_n vilify_v and_o contemn_v all_o the_o northern_a nation_n manner_n manner_n esteem_v they_o a_o sort_n of_o barbarous_a dull_a and_o unactive_a people_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o relation_n give_v by_o lucius_n florus_n and_o other_o roman_a historian_n who_o never_o care_v for_o speak_v too_o well_o of_o their_o enemy_n how_o stout_o the_o cimbrian_o encounter_v the_o roman_a force_n and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o the_o galli_n senones_n come_v out_o of_o this_o country_n who_o force_v their_o infantry_n to_o take_v sanctuary_n or_o
1135._o 18._o eric_n edmund_n a_o pious_a and_o good_a king_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n nicolas_n and_o be_v barbarous_o murder_v by_o one_o plag_n sorte_n a_o nobleman_n of_o jutland_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n in_o the_o year_n 1139._o 19_o eric_n lamb_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n eric_n edmund_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o sceptre_n and_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o monastery_n at_o odensee_n in_o funen_n where_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1147._o 20._o swain_n gratenhede_v eric_n emund_n son_n get_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o kinsman_n eric_n lamb._n in_o this_o man_n day_n there_o be_v three_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o run_v after_o cnute_n king_n nicolas_n grandchild_n other_o follow_v waldemar_n son_n to_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n after_o some_o skirmish_n in_o which_o both_o swain_n and_o cnute_n be_v slay_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v rule_v by_o 21._o waldemar_n surname_v the_o great_a he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o north_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1182_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n 22._o cnute_n he_o brave_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o will_v needs_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o die_v at_o ringstede_n in_o the_o year_n 1202._o 23._o waldemar_n ii_o cnute_n brother_n he_o new_o model_v the_o danish_a conquer_v norway_n and_o set_v over_o it_o a_o viceroy_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_v the_o emperor_n otto_n who_o think_v to_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o holslein_n and_o have_v reign_v victorious_o thirty-nine_a year_n dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1241_o crantzius_n say_v 1242_o 24._o eric_n plog-penning_a waldemar_n son_n he_o be_v take_v at_o sleswic_n and_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n 25._o abel_n who_o reign_v wicked_o two_o year_n and_o be_v then_o murder_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o 26._o christopher_z i._o brother_n to_o eric_n and_o abel_n he_o live_v in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o his_o own_o people_n to_o who_o rebellion_n be_v now_o grow_v natural_a some_o of_o the_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v he_o be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1259_o poison_v by_o arnefast_a bishop_n of_o arhuse_v as_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v afterward_o by_o bernardine_n the_o monk_n with_o the_o eucharist_n 27._o eric_n glip_v king_n christopher_n son_n who_o be_v seat_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o lewdness_n and_o debauchery_n his_o whole_a life_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o oppression_n sacrilege_n murder_n and_o whoredom_n after_o a_o long_a uninterrupted_a course_n of_o wickedness_n sleep_v one_o night_n in_o a_o barn_n at_o findetorp_n a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiberg_n he_o be_v murder_v with_o fifty-six_a some_o say_v seventy_o wound_v give_v he_o by_o seven_o ruffian_n hire_v to_o dispatch_v he_o by_o andrew_n stigot_n marshal_n of_o danemark_n who_o wife_n he_o have_v ravish_v and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o the_o year_n 1286._o 28._o eric_n menved_a glipping_n son_n he_o be_v as_o godly_a a_o prince_n as_o his_o father_n be_v impious_a the_o murderer_n of_o his_o father_n have_v conspire_v his_o death_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o providence_n which_o protect_v he_o both_o from_o the_o lewd_a life_n and_o miserable_a death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n so_o that_o he_o die_v as_o he_o have_v live_v peaceable_o in_o the_o year_n 1319_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o ringstad_n where_o his_o epitaph_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v as_o follow_v ego_fw-la ericus_n quondam_a daniae_fw-la rex_fw-la regnans_fw-la ann_n xxxij_o rectus_n justiciarius_n pauperum_fw-la &_o divitum_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_o habuerunt_fw-la oro_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la aliquid_fw-la forefeci_fw-la ut_fw-la mihi_fw-la per_fw-la svam_fw-la gratiam_fw-la indulgeant_fw-la &_o orent_fw-la pro_fw-la anima_fw-la mea_fw-la qui_fw-la obii_fw-la a._n d._n 1319._o die_v beati_fw-la brixij_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o confessoris_fw-la 29._o christopher_n ii_o menved_n brother_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o end_v his_o day_n like_o he_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o unfortunate_a sluggish_a cruel_a and_o perfidious_a prince_n a_o hater_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o hate_v by_o the_o commonalty_n have_v he_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o religion_n policy_n or_o common_a honesty_n in_o he_o he_o may_v have_v be_v a_o happy_a prince_n for_o never_o be_v the_o dane_n more_o unwilling_a to_o rebel_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o king_n then_o in_o his_o day_n though_o never_o more_o provoke_v to_o it_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o reign_n of_o about_o thirteen_o year_n he_o die_v at_o last_o forsake_v of_o all_o neglect_v and_o unpityed_a at_o nicope_a in_o the_o isle_n of_o falster_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o after_o this_o king_n death_n the_o dane_n seem_v to_o be_v weary_a of_o a_o supreme_a sovereign_n and_o resolve_v not_o to_o set_v any_o more_o over_o they_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v more_o eligible_a to_o have_v no_o king_n at_o all_o then_o such_o as_o they_o have_v the_o bad_a luck_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o sot_n or_o a_o tyrant_n but_o after_o fifteen_o year_n confusion_n they_o find_v it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v a_o akeing_n head_n than_o none_o at_o all_o whereupon_o weary_a of_o their_o new_a anarchy_n they_o resolve_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n 30._o waldemar_n iii_o king_n christopher_n son_n who_o recollect_v the_o scatter_a member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o one_o body_n and_o dismount_v most_o of_o the_o usurper_n without_o any_o great_a bloodshed_n he_o be_v represent_v as_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a subtlety_n avarice_n and_o boldness_n when_o pope_n gregory_n xi_o threaten_a to_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o saucy_a behaviour_n and_o slight_v of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v this_o answer_n valdemarus_n rex_fw-la daniae_fw-la etc._n etc._n romano_n pontifici_fw-la salutem_fw-la vitam_fw-la habemus_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la regnum_fw-la ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la divitias_fw-la a_o parentibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la vero_fw-la a_o tuis_fw-la praedecessoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la fave_n remittimus_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la vale._n i_o e._n waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n send_v greeting_n we_o hold_v our_o life_n from_o god_n our_o kingdom_n from_o our_o subject_n our_o riches_n from_o our_o parent_n and_o our_o faith_n from_o thy_o predecessor_n which_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o grant_v we_o any_o long_a we_o do_v by_o these_o present_v resign_v farewell_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1375_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n at_o sora._n 31._o margaret_n king_n waldemar_n daughter_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n crown_v queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o manage_v the_o sceptre_n more_o discreet_o than_o almost_o any_o of_o the_o king_n her_o predecessor_n have_v do_v a_o woman_n government_n seem_v at_o first_o a_o little_a uncouth_a but_o her_o subject_n soon_o find_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o satisfaction_n in_o her_o prudent_a management_n of_o affair_n at_o home_n and_o wise_a conduct_n abroad_o when_o in_o one_o campagn_n she_o take_v albert_n king_n of_o sweden_n rodulph_n archbishop_n of_o scharen_n the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n and_o reppin_n prisoner_n her_o father_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o she_o that_o nature_n intend_v she_o for_o a_o man_n but_o spoil_v she_o in_o the_o make_n she_o die_v a_o great_a friend_n to_o religion_n and_o patroness_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o roschild_n in_o the_o year_n 1412_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o her_o great-nephew_n 32._o eric_n son_n of_o vratislaw_n vii_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n who_o have_v spend_v a_o great_a many_o year_n in_o tyranny_n rapine_n perjury_n oppression_n and_o whoredom_n be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1438_o force_v to_o quit_v his_o throne_n and_o fly_v from_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o incense_a noble_n into_o gothland_n whither_o he_o carry_v with_o he_o a_o vast_a treasure_n and_o one_o cecilia_n his_o concubine_n who_o by_o her_o evil_a counsel_n and_o proud_a humour_n bring_v he_o to_o these_o extremity_n 33._o christopher_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n another_o of_o king_n waldemar_n great-grandchildren_n succeed_v eric_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n his_o reign_n be_v short_a but_o prosperous_a especial_o against_o the_o rebel_n in_o jutland_n and_o the_o hans_n to_n he_o die_v childless_a at_o helsingburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1447._o the_o danish_a chronicle_n be_v full_a of_o his_o commendation_n but_o johannes_n gothus_n and_o other_o swedish_n historian_n will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n allow_v he_o so_o good_a a_o character_n
for_o many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v dub_v knight_n upon_o any_o considerable_a piece_n of_o service_n do_v their_o king_n or_o country_n the_o dane_n call_v their_o knight_n ridders_n i._n e._n equites_fw-la rider_n and_o all_o their_o offspring_n have_v the_o title_n of_o riddersmens_n man_n the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o denmark_n elephant_n knight_n of_o the_o elephant_n be_v that_o of_o the_o elephant_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v a_o better_a account_n than_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o learned_a elias_n ashmole_n esquire_n windsor_n herald_n at_o arm_n in_o his_o famous_a work_n of_o the_o institution_n law_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n p._n 120._o observe_v say_v he_o some_o difference_n among_o writer_n touch_v the_o institution_n collar_n and_o ensign_n of_o this_o order_n i_o be_v in_o doubt_n what_o to_o say_v till_o at_o length_n i_o haply_o meet_v with_o better_a satisfaction_n from_o a_o letter_n write_v 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turui_fw-la kunu_n sina_fw-la tanmarkur-bat_n i.e._n gormo_n the_o king_n erect_v this_o tomb_n for_o thyra_n his_o queen_n danebode_v or_o repairer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n this_o inscription_n can_v be_v a_o epitaph_n write_v after_o queen_n thyra_n death_n see_v all_o the_o danish_a writer_n assert_v positive_o that_o she_o outlive_v her_o husband_n gormo_n many_o year_n and_o after_o his_o death_n take_v the_o danewirk_n in_o hand_n so_o that_o its_o more_o than_o probable_a the_o surname_n of_o danebode_v be_v give_v she_o for_o the_o many_o good_a office_n she_o have_v do_v the_o nation_n in_o repair_v several_a old_a decay_a castle_n and_o fort_n and_o build_v a_o great_a many_o new_a one_o king_n eric_n the_o eight_o in_o his_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v thyra_n build_v the_o fort_n of_o wood_n which_o witfield_n understand_v of_o the_o fence_a the_o rampire_n with_o stake_n as_o bulwark_n be_v guard_v in_o our_o modern_a fortification_n other_o make_v harald_n 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these_o relation_n of_o other_o historian_n both_o pontanus_n and_o wormius_n agree_v that_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a the_o rude_a draught_n of_o this_o fort_n be_v first_o draw_v by_o king_n gothric_n and_o only_o repair_v and_o improve_v by_o queen_n thyra_n king_n harald_n and_o other_o succeed_a prince_n waldemar_n the_o first_o build_v a_o wall_n of_o brick_n seven_o foot_n broad_a and_o eighteen_o high_a to_o strengthen_v it_o after_o so_o many_o improvement_n the_o fort_n be_v reckon_v impregnable_a for_o soon_o after_o king_n waldemar_n reparation_n when_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v the_o lion_n intend_v to_o have_v endeavour_v a_o breach_n through_o this_o fort_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n he_o be_v dissuade_v from_o the_o enterprise_n by_o his_o chief_a counsellor_n bernhard_n razburg_n who_o represent_v the_o undertake_n as_o a_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v assure_v he_o danewirkae_n custodium_fw-la danorum_fw-la sexaginta_fw-la 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convenience_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o baltic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n render_v holstein_n the_o rich_a country_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n and_o make_v the_o income_n of_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n exceed_v the_o treasure_n of_o many_o prince_n in_o germany_n the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o holstein_n be_v 1._o kyel_n chilonium_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o land_n shut_v in_o betwixt_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o river_n whence_o some_o have_v fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o german_a word_n kiel_n which_o signify_v a_o wedge_n it_o be_v furnish_v with_o a_o large_a and_o commodious_a haven_n which_o be_v continual_o throng_v with_o merchant-ship_n from_o germany_n liefland_n sweden_n and_o all_o the_o isle_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n there_o be_v yearly_a in_o this_o town_n a_o meeting_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o holstein_n who_o come_v hither_o to_o 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endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o xen._n lampsacenus_n mention_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o thence_o conclude_v that_o this_o name_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a geographer_n fancy_n who_o make_v adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o first_o author_n that_o call_v this_o bay_a mare_n balthicum_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o examine_v pliny_n word_n upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v find_v that_o no_o mention_n be_v there_o make_v of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o of_o a_o island_n only_o in_o these_o part_n call_v baltia_n which_o be_v now_o name_v schonen_fw-mi but_o be_v not_o as_o the_o ancient_n imagine_v a_o isle_n from_o this_o baltia_n some_o think_v this_o sea_n be_v call_v baltic_n as_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o island_n adria_n other_o more_o happy_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o danish_a and_o english_a word_n belt_n because_o seeland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n be_v gird_v round_o with_o this_o bay_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o seeland_n and_o funen_n call_v that_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_n these_o two_o island_n die_v belt_n pomponius_n mela_n who_o be_v follow_v by_o many_o late_a writer_n of_o good_a note_n call_v the_o baltic_a sea_n sinus_n codanus_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o danish_a bay_n for_o codanus_n godanus_n or_o gedanus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o danus_n and_o gedanum_n and_o dantiscum_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o indeed_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o a_o large_a portion_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n be_v encircle_v with_o the_o sea_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a surrender_n of_o several_a island_n to_o the_o swede_n to_o let_v it_o still_o retain_v this_o its_o ancient_a name_n the_o most_o considerable_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n be_v these_o that_o follow_v fionia_n fionia_n or_o funen_n be_v part_v from_o jutland_n by_o a_o straight_a of_o the_o baltic_a call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n medelfarsund_v about_o one_o german_a mile_n in_o breadth_n and_o separate_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o beltis-sund_a or_o baltic_n bay_n the_o length_n of_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v about_o ten_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n eight_o saxon_a grammaticus_n lyscander_n and_o most_o of_o the_o danish_a writer_n make_v this_o the_o pleasant_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n whence_o they_o have_v fancy_v the_o island_n have_v its_o name_n from_o fine_a which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n in_o funen_n as_o in_o england_n though_o adam_n bremensis_n may_v seem_v to_o favour_v this_o conceit_n in_o call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n finni_n and_o their_o country_n finningia_n and_o pontanus_n allow_v the_o etymology_n yet_o methinks_v stephanius_n guess_v better_a at_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n when_o he_o fetch_v it_o from_o fion_n which_o in_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n signify_v a_o neck_n of_o land_n rend_v from_o the_o continent_n and_o such_o any_o man_n will_v suppose_v funen_n to_o be_v who_o shall_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o view_v that_o slender_a frith_n which_o at_o this_o day_n separate_v that_o island_n from_o jutland_n the_o island_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n especial_o wheat_n and_o rye_n which_o be_v hence_o yearly_o transport_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o other_o nation_n beside_o the_o native_n have_v general_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o very_o good_a breed_v of_o horse_n the_o wood_n which_o overspread_v almost_o the_o whole_a island_n be_v exceed_o well_o store_v with_o deer_n hare_n and_o fox_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o island_n be_v ottensee_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o take_v its_o name_n from_o woden_n the_o great_a god_n of_o the_o ancient_a dane_n who_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n call_v othin_n or_o odin_n other_o more_o probable_o say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o leave_v his_o name_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o letter_n write_v by_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 987_o in_o which_o this_o city_n be_v name_v vrbs_fw-la othonesvigensis_n pontanus_n think_v it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harald_n who_o to_o testify_v his_o gratitude_n to_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o by_o who_o procurement_n he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n call_v it_o ottonia_n or_o ottensche_n and_o his_o son_n suenotto_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o island_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o fit_a place_n for_o the_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o magistracy_n which_o be_v yearly_o hold_v in_o this_o place_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n before_o the_o year_n 1660._o the_o building_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o well_o build_v and_o the_o street_n uniform_a beside_o other_o public_a building_n there_o be_v in_o it_o two_o fair_a church_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n cnute_n the_o other_o to_o st._n francis_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o stand_v a_o stately_a town-hall_n upon_o a_o very_a spacious_a marketplace_n where_o king_n frideric_n ii_o renew_v the_o ancient_a league_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o sleswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o the_o choir_n of_o st._n cnute_n church_n be_v repair_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o the_o workman_n find_v in_o a_o vault_n a_o copper_n coffin_a gild_a and_o adorn_v with_o precious_a stone_n upon_o which_o be_v write_v the_o follow_a inscription_n in_o old_a latin-gothic_a character_n jam_fw-la coelo_fw-la tutus_fw-la summo_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la canutus_n martyr_n in_o aurata_fw-la rex_fw-la atque_fw-la reconditur_fw-la arca_fw-la et_fw-la pro_fw-la justitiae_fw-la factis_fw-la occisus_fw-la inque_fw-la ut_fw-la christum_fw-la vita_fw-la sic_fw-la morte_fw-la fatetur_fw-la in_o ipsa_fw-la traditur_fw-la a_o proprio_fw-la sicut_fw-la deus_fw-la ipse_fw-la ministro_fw-la a.d._n mlxxxvi_o other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o funen_n be_v 1._o bowens_n a_o port-town_n of_o good_a trade_n seat_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o island_n at_o the_o north-end_n of_o medelfarsund_n 2._o middlefar_n seat_v on_o the_o common_a passage_n from_o this_o island_n to_o kolding_n in_o jutland_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n to_o this_o place_n and_o have_v rout_v the_o danish_a force_n that_o oppose_v he_o make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o funen_n 3._o ascens_fw-la not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n of_o ossenburgh_n where_o john_n de_fw-fr hoy_n nicholas_n fechlenburgh_n and_o gustavus_n troll_n bishop_n of_o vpsal_n be_v slay_v and_o their_o army_n command_v by_o christopher_n earl_n of_o oldenburgh_n total_o rout_v by_o john_n rantzaw_v king_n christian_n the_o three_o general_n who_o level_v this_o city_n to_o the_o ground_n 4._o foborg_n upon_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v once_o burn_v by_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o whilst_o odensee_n adhere_v to_o the_o captive_a prince_n christian_n the_o second_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v keep_v close_a prisoner_n at_o sunderburg_n redeem_v itself_o from_o the_o like_a fate_n by_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n 5._o swynborg_n over_o against_o the_o island_n of_o langland_n from_o this_o place_n carolus_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n lead_v his_o army_n over_o the_o ice_n into_o seeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1658._o 6._o nyborg_n the_o usual_a passage_n from_o funen_n into_o seeland_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v with_o a_o moat_n and_o bulwark_n by_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o it_o be_v very_o memorable_a for_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o the_o confederate_n of_o the_o empire_n brandenburg_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n in_o the_o year_n 1659._o against_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o that_o engagement_n be_v overthrow_v and_o utter_o rout_v out_o of_o funen_n beside_o the_o great_a town_n mention_v there_o be_v in_o funen_n a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a village_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v up_o no_o less_o than_o 264_o parish_n church_n seeland_n seeland_n the_o large_a fair_a and_o most_o fruitful_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n lie_v to_o the_o east_n of_o funen_n from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o the_o belt_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v part_v from_o schonen_fw-mi by_o a_o small_a frith_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n oresundt_fw-mi through_o which_o
pass_v all_o the_o merchant-ship_n which_o traffic_n in_o the_o baltic_a the_o breadth_n of_o it_o be_v about_o twelve_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o length_n eighteen_o this_o island_n be_v undoubted_o the_o ancient_a codanonia_n mention_v by_o pomponius_n mela_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n dania_n and_o denmark_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a etymologist_n derive_v seeland_n from_o soedland_n or_o seedland_n from_o the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n which_o this_o country_n afford_v other_o with_o great_a probability_n make_v the_o word_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o island_n or_o piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n whence_o saxon_a grammaticus_n and_o several_a other_o ancient_a historian_n call_v it_o seelandia_n from_o the_o old_a danish_a word_n siam_fw-it or_o sio_n which_o be_v now_o turn_v into_o so_o and_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n corrupt_v into_o sea_n in_o most_o or_o all_o of_o the_o ancient_a runic_a manuscript_n it_o be_v call_v soelunder_n or_o the_o seagrove_n the_o edda_n islandorum_n call_v it_o soelund_n and_o give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o word_n there_o be_v former_o a_o certain_a king_n in_o sweden_n name_v gylfi_n who_o promise_v a_o asian_a sorceress_n call_v gesion_n who_o have_v please_v he_o with_o her_o melody_n as_o much_o land_n as_o four_o ox_n can_v plough_v up_o in_o one_o day_n and_o a_o night_n whereupon_o the_o old_a hag_n bring_v four_o of_o her_o son_n out_o of_o north_n jutland_n and_o turn_v they_o into_o as_o many_o ox_n cause_v they_o to_o plough_v up_o a_o large_a and_o deep_a furrow_n round_o this_o piece_n of_o ground_n which_o when_o the_o sea_n have_v fill_v up_o the_o land_n become_v a_o isle_n and_o be_v call_v seelund_n stephanius_n think_v ptolemy_n allude_v to_o this_o fable_n when_o speak_v of_o some_o island_n in_o the_o baltic_a he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n beyond_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n lie_v three_o island_n call_v alociae_fw-la from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o furrow_n copenhagen_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o island_n copenhagen_n copenhagen_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o east_n of_o seeland_n upon_o the_o seashore_n the_o dane_n call_v it_o kiobenhaun_n and_o the_o german_n copenhaven_n both_o which_o word_n be_v corruption_n of_o kiobmanshafen_n i.e._n portus_n mercatorum_fw-la as_o saxo_n somewhere_o call_v it_o mejerus_fw-la a_o learned_a frisian_a writer_n derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n from_o coppen_n which_o say_v he_o in_o the_o frisian_a language_n signify_v james_n and_o haven_n q.d._n st._n james_n haven_n but_o there_o be_v very_o little_a or_o no_o ground_n for_o any_o such_o derivation_n about_o the_o year_n 1168_o axil_v wide_o surname_v snare_n saxo_n call_v he_o absalon_n archbishop_n of_o denmark_n build_v a_o considerable_a fortification_n in_o the_o island_n in_o which_o now_o stand_v the_o castle_n this_o be_v call_v after_o his_o name_n axel-huys_a and_o be_v a_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o whole_a island_n against_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o pirate_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o this_o fort_n several_a fisherman_n and_o other_o that_o trade_v this_o way_n use_v to_o harbour_v their_o ship_n in_o security_n this_o cause_v a_o continual_a concourse_n of_o the_o native_n who_o resort_v hither_o to_o furnish_v the_o vessel_n with_o such_o provision_n as_o their_o country_n afford_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n lay_v the_o first_o rude_a draught_n of_o a_o city_n which_o at_o this_o day_n for_o strength_n trade_n beauty_n and_o bulk_n be_v not_o surpass_v by_o many_o in_o europe_n most_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n especial_o christian_n iu._n have_v be_v very_o active_a in_o beautify_v this_o city_n with_o a_o university_n church_n wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n james_n ecland_n bishop_n of_o roschild_n be_v the_o first_o that_o grant_v any_o privilege_n to_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o these_o his_o successor_n ignatius_n confirm_v and_o they_o be_v afterward_o considerable_o enlarge_v by_o king_n waldemar_n in_o the_o year_n 1341_o and_o eric_n of_o pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1371._o christopher_n of_o bavaria_n endow_v it_o with_o municipal_a immunity_n like_o the_o other_o city_n of_o denmark_n in_o the_o year_n 1443._o all_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o large_a charter_n of_o christian_a the_o three_o and_o frideric_n the_o second_o the_o citizen_n house_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o low_a most_o of_o they_o patch_v up_o of_o wood_n and_o mortar_n but_o of_o late_o they_o be_v grow_v more_o curious_a and_o expensive_a in_o architecture_n and_o few_o of_o their_o street_n be_v without_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o fair_a brick_n building_n the_o cathedral_n church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n be_v beautify_v with_o a_o noble_a copper_n spire_n build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o king_n christian_n the_o four_o the_o advowsance_n of_o this_o church_n belong_v to_o the_o professor_n in_o the_o university_n the_o marketplace_n be_v exceed_o spacious_a and_o no_o small_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n beside_o these_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o arsenal_n which_o perhaps_o excel_v any_o thing_n that_o europe_n afford_v in_o this_o kind_n the_o observatory_n or_o runde_n taarn_v and_o the_o adjoin_a university_n church_n and_o library_n the_o exchange_n etc._n etc._n be_v place_n rich_o worth_a the_o see_n and_o deserve_v a_o large_a description_n than_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o short_a account_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n will_v permit_v the_o city_n be_v govern_v by_o four_o burgomaster_n one_o whereof_o be_v regent_n or_o precedent_n for_o his_o life_n this_o honour_n be_v at_o present_a confer_v on_o that_o worthy_a and_o learned_a person_n p._n john_n resenius_n professor_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o the_o university_n at_o copenhagen_n and_o counsellor_n to_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n with_o he_o most_o of_o the_o other_o professor_n of_o note_n in_o this_o university_n as_o william_n langius_n former_o tutor_n to_o this_o present_a king_n christian_n the_o five_o erasmus_n vindingius_fw-la professor_n of_o history_n and_o geography_n and_o author_n of_o the_o academia_n hafniensis_n which_o give_v we_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o all_o the_o famous_a man_n that_o have_v ever_o flourish_v in_o this_o university_n thomas_n and_o erasmus_n bartholini_n both_o well_o know_v by_o their_o incomparable_a work_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o this_o day_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o the_o court_n of_o denmark_n and_o keep_v only_o the_o title_n and_o pension_n of_o professor_n without_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o duty_n selandiae_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la daniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la chorographica_n descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n viro_fw-la illustri_fw-la ac_fw-la gentroso_fw-la dno_fw-la georgio_n seefeldo_n haereditario_fw-la in_o reffes_n regni_fw-la daniae_fw-la senatori_fw-la ac_fw-la judici_fw-la provintiali_fw-la selandico_n domino_fw-la ac_fw-la patrono_fw-la plurimum_fw-la honorando_fw-la d._n d._n d._n johannes_n janssonius_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o this_o island_n be_v roschild_n roschild_n 1._o roschild_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o a_o river_n run_v by_o the_o town_n which_o drive_v seven_o mill_n roe_n in_o the_o ancient_a danish_a tongue_n signify_v a_o king_n and_o kill_v a_o stream_n of_o water_n it_o be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n but_o of_o late_a year_n this_o city_n have_v decay_v and_o copenhagen_n grow_v so_o fast_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o remarkable_a for_o any_o thing_n at_o this_o day_n save_o the_o great_a old_a cathedral_n the_o bury_a place_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o small_a trade_n this_o city_n be_v first_o make_v a_o bishop_n see_v by_o suenotho_n king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1012._o who_o give_v the_o bishopric_n of_o roschild_n which_o be_v now_o swallow_v up_o of_o copenhagen_n to_o gerebrand_n a_o monk_n afterward_o sueno_n gratenhede_v fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n ditch_n and_o bulwark_n lyscander_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v once_o no_o less_o than_o twenty_o seven_o fair_a church_n in_o this_o town_n among_o these_o i_o suppose_v he_o reckon_v the_o chapel_n build_v by_o king_n harald_n svenotho_n father_n in_o which_o both_o he_o and_o his_o son_n who_o dead_a corpse_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n to_o roschild_n to_o be_v bury_v be_v entomb_v in_o the_o old_a cathedral_n among_o many_o other_o rich_a monument_n in_o honour_n of_o several_a of_o the_o danish_a king_n and_o queen_n stand_v a_o fair_a marble_n pillar_n which_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n erect_v on_o purpose_n to_o hang_v thereon_o the_o whetstone_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o it_o with_o a_o chain_n which_o albert_n king_n of_o
sweden_n in_o derision_n of_o her_o sex_n send_v she_o to_o sharp_a her_o needle_n on_o this_o scoff_n cost_v he_o seven_o year_n imprisonment_n and_o a_o renunciation_n of_o all_o the_o right_n he_o pretend_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o which_o article_n the_o hans-town_n be_v surety_n 2._o elseneur_n elseneur_n elseneur_n call_v otherwise_o helsenoer_n helschenoer_n helsingor_n and_o halsingor_n as_o the_o opposite_a castle_n in_o schonen_fw-mi be_v by_o adam_n bremensis_n halsingburg_n be_v so_o name_v q._n d._n halsen-ore_a i._n e._n a_o ear_n in_o the_o neck_n because_o at_o first_o a_o watchtower_n seat_v on_o that_o neck_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o dane_n oresundt_n which_o part_v seeland_n from_o schonen_fw-mi here_o pontanus_n fancy_v ptolomy_n hellevones_n have_v their_o habitation_n the_o chief_a ornament_n and_o strength_n of_o this_o town_n lay_v in_o croneburg_n a_o royal_a and_o impregnable_a castle_n which_o command_v this_o side_n of_o the_o oresundt_fw-mi with_o as_o much_o case_n as_o elsingburg_n secure_v the_o other_o it_o be_v build_v of_o hew_a freestone_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o gothland_n this_o be_v for_o many_o year_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n who_o as_o may_v appear_v from_o what_o we_o have_v say_v before_o touch_v the_o revenue_n of_o this_o crown_n have_v from_o hence_o one_o of_o the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o profitable_a prospect_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n every_o ship_n that_o pass_v this_o straight_o be_v oblige_v to_o strike_v sail_n to_o croneburg_n and_o that_o do_v the_o master_n be_v to_o come_v to_o a_o composition_n in_o the_o city_n for_o custom_n upon_o pain_n of_o the_o confiscation_n of_o his_o vessel_n and_o load_n frideric_n the_o second_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o croneburg_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n without_o a_o penny_n subsidy_n from_o his_o subject_n and_o cover_v it_o with_o copper_n 3._o fredericksburg_n call_v former_o ebelholt_n fredericksburg_n fredericksburg_n and_o only_o a_o monastery_n dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a ghost_n of_o which_o johannes_n parisiensis_fw-la who_o be_v afterward_o put_v into_o the_o popish_a calendar_n of_o saint_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v abbot_n about_o the_o year_n 1201_o till_o turn_v into_o a_o castle_n by_o king_n frederic_n the_o second_o the_o structure_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o one_o harlef_n a_o danish_a noble_a man_n who_o sell_v it_o to_o king_n frideric_n after_o this_o king_n death_n his_o son_n christian_n the_o four_o spare_v no_o charge_n in_o complete_n what_o his_o father_n leave_v unfinished_a but_o adorn_v it_o with_o a_o collection_n of_o the_o rich_a picture_n statue_n hang_n etc._n etc._n that_o europe_n can_v afford_v insomuch_o that_o mounsieur_fw-fr l'_fw-fr espine_n a_o french_a writer_n who_o print_v his_o history_n soon_o after_o the_o finish_n of_o this_o royal_a palace_n do_v not_o stick_v to_o say_v that_o the_o world_n can_v scarce_o parellel_v this_o piece_n add_v further_o that_o here_o the_o lock_n and_o bar_n in_o the_o window_n be_v all_o of_o beat_a silver_n etc._n etc._n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o house_n be_v all_o freestone_n but_o the_o upper_a building_n brick_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a wood_n about_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o elsineur_n and_o copenhagen_n the_o adjoin_a park_n be_v first_o stock_v with_o fallow_a deer_n send_v thither_o out_o of_o england_n in_o the_o 24._o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n 4._o ringstede_n ringstede_n ringstede_n a_o town_n of_o the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o any_o except_v roschild_n in_o denmark_n where_o lie_v bury_v many_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n particular_o king_n waldemar_n the_o first_o and_o eric_n the_o godly_a it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o seeland_n where_o destitute_a of_o trade_n it_o decay_v daily_o 5._o sore_o sore_a or_o soer_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a woody_a country_n between_o slagen_n and_o ringsiede_n absalon_n hvide_v archbishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o bishop_n of_o roschild_n found_v here_o a_o fair_a monastery_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o large_a revenue_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o several_a learned_a man_n who_o be_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o writing_n and_o publish_v the_o history_n of_o the_o act_n and_o monument_n of_o the_o king_n and_o other_o hero_n of_o denmark_n upon_o this_o encouragement_n saxon_a grammaticus_n first_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o vast_a company_n of_o old_a historical_a fragment_n and_o afterward_o digest_v they_o into_o a_o better_a order_n than_o can_v rational_o be_v expect_v from_o any_o man_n breed_v up_o in_o a_o nation_n so_o unpardonable_o barbarous_a as_o denmark_n in_o and_o before_o his_o day_n be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v afterward_o esbern_n the_o say_v archbishops_n brother_n augment_v the_o revenue_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o fourteen_o village_n and_o enlarge_v the_o monastery_n itself_o he_o die_v within_o a_o year_n after_o his_o brother_n a._n d._n 1202._o and_o be_v bury_v at_o sor._n many_o year_n after_o this_o king_n frideric_n the_o second_o remove_v the_o school_n which_o he_o have_v found_v at_o fridericksburg_n for_o the_o education_n of_o the_o young_a nobility_n to_o this_o place_n where_o have_v increase_v the_o number_n of_o both_o teacher_n and_o hearer_n he_o think_v it_o also_o requisite_a to_o enlarge_v the_o income_n which_o do_v of_o a_o rich_a popish_a monastery_n it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a endow_v free-school_n in_o the_o reform_a part_n of_o christendom_n his_o son_n christian_n the_o four_o turn_v the_o free-school_n into_o a_o small_a university_n by_o settle_v certain_a salary_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o set_a number_n of_o professor_n who_o be_v to_o instruct_v young_a noble_a man_n in_o the_o principle_n of_o several_a art_n and_o science_n and_o the_o rudiment_n of_o the_o latin_a greek_a hebrew_n french_a and_o italian_a tongue_n beside_o to_o to_o this_o gymnasium_n he_o annex_v a_o academy_n furnish_v with_o fit_a master_n to_o teach_v perfect_o all_o gentile_a and_o marshal_n exercise_n as_o dance_a vault_a ride_v the_o great_a horse_n etc._n etc._n whence_o some_o author_n call_v the_o university_n at_o sore_a academiam_fw-la equestrem_fw-la because_o at_o first_o principal_o intend_v for_o the_o education_n of_o young_a gentleman_n in_o the_o act_n of_o chivalry_n though_o afterward_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a university_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o the_o nunnery_n of_o mariebo_fw-la in_o laland_n be_v demolish_v the_o nun_n throw_v out_o and_o the_o land_n give_v to_o this_o university_n but_o at_o this_o day_n these_o and_o all_o other_o the_o large_a territory_n which_o have_v be_v heretofore_o settle_v upon_o the_o university_n at_o sore_a be_v in_o the_o present_a king_n hand_n who_o threaten_v daily_o to_o reestablish_v a_o university_n in_o this_o place_n but_o without_o any_o show_n of_o performance_n his_o resolution_n i_o suppose_v if_o ever_o he_o have_v any_o such_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n stop_v by_o the_o continual_a dissuasion_n of_o the_o professor_n at_o copenhagen_n who_o think_v it_o very_o inconsistent_a with_o their_o interest_n to_o have_v another_o university_n erect_v in_o their_o neighbourhood_n for_o heretofore_o when_o any_o professor_n place_n be_v vacant_a at_o copenhagen_n it_o be_v odds_o but_o some_o brisk_a fellow_n from_o sore_o carry_v it_o 6._o anderskaw_n anderskaw_n anderskaw_n or_o andersbouw_n former_o a_o great_a monastery_n now_o a_o strong_a castle_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n from_o slagen_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o level_n champagn_a country_n and_o delicate_o well_o build_v here_o frideric_n the_o second_o die_v a._n d._n 1548._o 7._o kallenborg_n kallenborg_n kallenborg_n which_o saxo_n grammaticus_n call_v kallunda_fw-la and_o meursius_n callundeburgum_n be_v former_o a_o small_a village_n inhabit_v by_o none_o but_o fisherman_n and_o by_o they_o name_v herwig_n but_o esbern_n suare_fw-la brother_n to_o absalon_n hvide_v abovementioned_a turn_v it_o into_o a_o city_n about_o the_o year_n 1158_o or_o as_o some_o 1171_o and_o beautify_v it_o with_o a_o castle_n church_n and_o several_a other_o public_a building_n it_o be_v at_o present_a a_o town_n of_o good_a trade_n have_v the_o convenience_n of_o as_o safe_a a_o harbour_n for_o ship_n as_o any_o haven_n in_o denmark_n 8._o kosor_n kosor_n korsor_n so_o call_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o cross_n erect_v former_o in_o the_o place_n out_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o superstitious_a zeal_n in_o the_o inhabitant_n 9_o koge_n koge_n koge_fw-mi coagium_n a_o small_a but_o very_o populous_a and_o rich_a city_n about_o sixteen_o english_a mile_n from_o copenhagen_n it_o be_v a_o place_n much_o throng_v with_o corn-merchant_n and_o fishmonger_n the_o commodity_n pleasant_a situation_n etc._n etc._n of_o
seem_v plain_a from_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a man_n before_o allege_v it_o will_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o evince_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o assertion_n that_o the_o getes_n and_o goth_n together_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o danish_a isle_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a in_o some_o small_a island_n in_o and_o near_o the_o finnic_a gulf_n the_o people_n use_v a_o language_n altogether_o unintelligible_a to_o a_o true_a dane_n or_o swede_n but_o further_a westward_o the_o language_n speak_v in_o all_o the_o baltic_a island_n be_v so_o many_o dialect_v of_o the_o gothic_a tongue_n and_o the_o old_a runic_a monument_n daily_o find_v in_o most_o province_n of_o the_o danish_a and_o swedish_n dominion_n prove_v manifest_o the_o same_o word_n and_o character_n to_o have_v be_v use_v in_o schonen_fw-mi jutland_n and_o the_o intermediate_v island_n from_o the_o difference_n of_o manner_n custom_n habit_n etc._n etc._n in_o these_o isle_n no_o more_o can_v be_v concluclude_v then_o that_o some_o want_v the_o convenience_n of_o traffic_n and_o correspondence_n with_o other_o nation_n be_v force_v to_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o rude_a and_o ungentile_a way_n of_o live_v teach_v they_o by_o their_o homebred_a ancestor_n whilst_o other_o who_o lay_v more_o in_o the_o road_n of_o merchant-ship_n must_v needs_o insensible_o admit_v of_o a_o daily_a alteration_n both_o in_o manner_n and_o language_n norway_n what_o the_o edda_n name_n name_n and_o other_o mythological_a writer_n tell_v we_o of_o nor_n son_n of_o their_o god_n thor_n &_o grandchild_n to_o woden_n the_o first_o grand_a captain_n of_o the_o norwegian_n from_o who_o that_o people_n and_o their_o country_n fetch_v say_v these_o man_n their_o name_n merit_n just_a as_o much_o credit_n as_o the_o danish_a story_n of_o their_o king_n dan._n the_o truth_n be_v norway_n or_o norweg_v as_o the_o german_n write_v it_o whence_o the_o latin_a word_n norwegia_fw-la be_v only_o via_fw-la seu_fw-la tractus_fw-la septentrionalis_fw-la i._n e._n a_o country_n situate_v towards_o the_o north._n hence_o in_o the_o danish_a swedish_n &_o norvegian_a tongue_n it_o be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v norrike_v or_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n pliny_n nerigon_n be_v only_o a_o corruption_n of_o this_o word_n and_o we_o find_v that_o ancient_o all_o the_o cimbrian_a kingdom_n be_v name_v regna_fw-la norica_fw-la by_o helmoldus_n the_o norwegian_n be_v call_v nordliudi_fw-la which_o word_n be_v not_o as_o dr._n heylin_n guess_v derive_v from_o the_o dutch_a word_n nordt_n and_o the_o french_a lieu_n for_o nordliod_n or_o nordtleut_fw-fr in_o the_o northern_a language_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north._n in_o the_o preface_n to_o our_o king_n aelfred_n anglo-saxonic_a version_n of_o orosius_n this_o kingdom_n be_v style_v norðh_n manna_n land_n the_o country_n of_o the_o norman_n adam_n bremensis_n call_v it_o normannia_n and_o we_o know_v rollo_n bring_v his_o norman_n out_o of_o these_o part_n this_o kingdom_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o baltic_a strait_n bound_n bound_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o jutland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n with_o the_o northern_a ocean_n on_o the_o east_n with_o sweden_n and_o lapland_n the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o finmark_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o 210_o german_a mile_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o norway_n be_v very_o thin_a people_v soil_n soil_n be_v a_o country_n of_o nothing_o but_o inaccessible_a and_o craggy_a mountain_n towards_o the_o south_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o inhabitant_n who_o dwell_v in_o pleasant_a valley_n encircle_v with_o barren_a and_o rocky_a hill_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v with_o wood_n which_o furnish_v the_o great_a part_n of_o europe_n with_o deal-board_n and_o mast_n for_o ship_n the_o long_a ridge_n of_o high_a mountain_n which_o divide_v this_o kingdom_n from_o sweden_n where_o pliny_n place_v his_o sevo_n be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o intolerable_a sharp_a wind_n be_v send_v down_o into_o the_o valley_n beneath_o which_o by_o this_o mean_n become_v desolate_a and_o unfruitful_a but_o more_o southerly_a and_o all_o along_o the_o western_a coast_n the_o air_n be_v much_o more_o temperate_a and_o will_v be_v healthful_a enough_o if_o not_o corrupt_v by_o the_o putrefaction_n and_o stench_n of_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o rat_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n lemmer_n which_o infect_v the_o whole_a country_n with_o the_o epidemical_a disease_n of_o the_o jaundice_n and_o a_o giddiness_n in_o the_o head_n which_o be_v most_o especial_o apt_a to_o seize_v on_o stranger_n unacquainted_a with_o the_o danger_n and_o unarm_v against_o the_o distemper_n in_o the_o valley_n there_o be_v good_a breed_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n commodity_n insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n export_v yearly_a great_a quantity_n of_o butter_n tallow_n hides_n and_o cheese_n their_o chief_a grain_n be_v barley_n the_o wood_n afford_v timber_n pitch_n tar_n rich_a fur_n and_o great_a store_n of_o filberd_n beside_o these_o commodity_n they_o have_v a_o good_a trade_n from_o their_o stockfish_n and_o train-oyl_n which_o be_v vend_v all_o europe_n over_o christian_n iu_o king_n of_o denmark_n employ_v several_a artist_n in_o the_o search_n of_o some_o silver_n and_o gold_n mine_n in_o the_o year_n 1623._o and_o it_o be_v say_v some_o lump_n of_o the_o oar_n of_o both_o those_o metal_n be_v here_o find_v and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n but_o this_o discovery_n never_o turn_v to_o any_o considerable_a account_n for_o the_o native_n be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o the_o art_n of_o refine_n any_o kind_n of_o mineral_n themselves_o and_o altogether_o unwilling_a to_o admit_v into_o their_o country_n any_o foreigner_n skilled_a in_o that_o way_n 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that_o the_o norwegian_n and_o islander_n be_v both_o one_o
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have_v from_o the_o lutheran_n the_o authority_n of_o calvin_n prevail_v so_o exceed_o as_o to_o be_v entertain_v in_o france_n scotland_n the_o netherlands_o a_o great_a part_n of_o poland_n and_o many_o province_n of_o germany_n whereas_o lutheranism_n never_o reach_v much_o further_a than_o it_o be_v at_o first_o spread_v by_o luther_n himself_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n embrace_v luther_n doctrine_n very_o early_o and_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o those_o nation_n profess_v it_o to_o this_o day_n but_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n luther_n credit_n decay_v daily_o and_o be_v thrust_v out_o by_o calvinism_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v a_o calvinist_n and_o encourage_v man_n of_o his_o own_o persuasion_n in_o the_o university_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge konigsberg_n and_o rostoc_n this_o make_v the_o scholar_n of_o leipsic_n who_o be_v strict_a 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the_o office_n and_o in_o so_o do_v some_o say_v only_o preserve_v a_o right_n which_o many_o age_n before_o have_v belong_v to_o his_o predecessor_n at_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n carry_v the_o crown_n the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n bear_v the_o globe_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o sword_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o romans_z that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n choose_v while_o the_o emperor_n be_v live_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o modern_a german_a historian_n thus_o charles_n iu._n wenceslaus_n maximilian_n i._o &_o ii_o rodolph_n ii_o ferdinand_n iii_o &_o iv_o be_v all_o elect_a in_o the_o life-time_n of_o their_o predecessor_n however_o many_o of_o their_o civilian_n question_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o election_n fancy_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o elector_n may_v disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o set_v up_o two_o prince_n at_o once_o who_o by_o election_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n the_o consequence_n indeed_o may_v be_v dangerous_a but_o there_o be_v no_o dispute_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o who_o doubtless_o have_v as_o great_a power_n in_o appoint_v the_o emperor_n a_o successor_n when_o they_o please_v as_o they_o have_v in_o depose_v he_o it_o be_v ordinary_a in_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n to_o mean_v the_o emperor_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o till_o of_o late_a year_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o but_o now_o there_o be_v many_o mark_n of_o distinction_n as_o 1._o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n bear_v for_o his_o arm_n the_o eagle_n with_o one_o head_n the_o emperor_n with_o two_o 2._o the_o former_a be_v only_o style_v augustus_n but_o the_o late_a semper_fw-la augustus_n 3._o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o letter_n patent_n direct_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n begin_v his_o compellation_n with_o vnsern_n liebten_o i._n e._n to_o our_o belove_a &c._n &c._n but_o the_o king_n in_o his_o answer_n compliment_v the_o emperor_n with_o the_o title_n of_o ihre_n majestaet_n i._n e._n tour_n majesty_n last_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n always_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n his_o superior_a and_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o his_o own_o during_o the_o emperor_n life_n when_o the_o emperor_n be_v absent_a or_o employ_v in_o other_o affair_n he_o usual_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o after_o the_o emperor_n death_n succeed_v without_o any_o further_a election_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o elect_v a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n proceed_v from_o a_o politic_a contrivance_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o by_o this_o mean_v get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n secure_v to_o their_o own_o family_n for_o make_v use_n of_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n while_o themselves_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n they_o can_v easy_o obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o elector_n to_o choose_v a_o son_n nephew_n or_o other_o relation_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o at_o last_o be_v grow_v customary_a prove_v almost_o as_o considerable_a kindness_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entail_v the_o empire_n upon_o that_o family_n for_o das_fw-la heilige_v romische_n reich_n or_o the_o holy_a roman_a kingdom_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n as_o the_o sacred_a empire_n and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o choose_v any_o prince_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o to_z elect_v he_o emperor_n of_o duke_n count_n and_o other_o order_n of_o nobility_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n though_o the_o ancient_a german_n have_v little_a or_o no_o magistracy_n among_o they_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n duke_n duke_n yet_o both_o julius_n cesar_n and_o tacitus_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o whenever_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n they_o have_v one_o supreme_a governor_n who_o rule_v the_o army_n and_o give_v law_n to_o the_o multitude_n this_o superintendent_n of_o their_o force_n they_o call_v heertog_n or_o heerzog_n a_o name_n which_o their_o duke_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o latin_a word_n dux_n or_o our_o duke_n i._n e._n a_o leader_n or_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n he_o be_v usual_o choose_v in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v elect_v they_o set_v he_o upon_o a_o banner_n and_o bear_v he_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n which_o ceremony_n as_o cluverius_n prove_v be_v afterward_o observe_v by_o late_a germane_a in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n and_o by_o the_o roman_a soldier_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o their_o emperor_n julius_n cesar_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o duke_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n but_o tacitus_n who_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n assure_v we_o they_o have_v no_o such_o authority_n they_o can_v indeed_o give_v counsel_n and_o order_n to_o the_o soldier_n but_o have_v no_o power_n to_o punish_v offender_n or_o correct_v the_o obstinate_a for_o in_o all_o probability_n there_o be_v not_o any_o manner_n of_o judge_n in_o the_o land_n that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o sentence_v any_o offender_n to_o death_n when_o any_o controversy_n arise_v among_o the_o commonalty_n graven_n count_n or_o graven_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o choose_v a_o judge_n out_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o village_n where_o the_o quarrel_n begin_v these_o kind_n of_o judge_n they_o call_v grafen_n or_o graven_n and_o their_o office_n be_v to_o determine_v all_o trifle_a dispute_n in_o their_o neighbourhood_n meibomius_n in_o his_o learned_a tract_n of_o irmensul_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o germany_n be_v ancient_o divide_v into_o village_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n gouwen_v and_o that_o each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o peculiar_a judge_n thence_o name_v gowgraven_v ein_fw-mi graff_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o glossary_a upon_o the_o saxon_a spiegel_n bedeut_n nach_n altem_fw-la sachsischen_n deutschen_n ein_fw-mi richter_n i._n e._n graf_n signify_v a_o judge_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a language_n die_v graven_n signify_v proper_o the_o grey_a head_a or_o elder_n of_o the_o people_n whence_o our_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o the_o thirtyfifth_a chapter_n of_o his_o law_n afterward_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o low_a dutch_a greve_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o the_o english_a eoldenman_n now_o alderman_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a state_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o germany_n before_o the_o roman_n overrun_v some_o part_n of_o that_o land_n but_o whatever_o come_v into_o their_o hand_n be_v immediate_o divide_v into_o province_n and_o govern_v as_o they_o themselves_o please_v whence_o deuce_n and_o comites_fw-la be_v create_v by_o they_o in_o several_a place_n but_o such_o as_o have_v another_o kind_n of_o power_n commit_v to_o they_o then_o the_o aforesaid_a hertzogen_fw-mi and_o graven_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o roman_a historian_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a many_o of_o this_o sort_n such_o as_o dux_n germaniae_fw-la primae_fw-la dux_n moguntiacensis_fw-la dux_n sequanicae_n dux_n rhetiae_n primae_fw-la &_o secundae_fw-la dux_n belgicae_fw-la secundae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n speak_v of_o one_o carietto_n who_o he_o call_v comes_fw-la per_fw-la utramque_fw-la germaniam_fw-la these_o have_v authority_n to_o raise_v tax_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o many_o other_o privilege_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o the_o other_o want_v but_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o get_v any_o considerable_a foot_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o rhine_n can_v not_o fix_v any_o of_o their_o fashion_n of_o government_n in_o the_o northern_a
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o branch_n 3._o count_n of_o the_o empire_n 4._o marck-grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o frontier_n 5._o landtgrave_n or_o count_n of_o province_n 6._o burggrave_n or_o count_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o seven_o sort_n here-graven_a who_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o primitive_a duke_n or_o hertzogen_a for_o as_o the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v to_o conduct_v and_o govern_v the_o soldier_n so_o the_o other_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o field-judge_n the_o gefurstete_n graven_n do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o such_o count_n as_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a title_n may_v challenge_v that_o of_o first_fw-ge or_o prince_n in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o meet_v with_o almost_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o inferior_a officer_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o graven_n bestow_v on_o they_o such_o be_v 1._o centgrave_a he_o that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o hundred_o we_o may_v english_a the_o word_n high-constable_n 2._o holtz-grave_a or_o wald-grave_a overseer_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n 3._o gograf_n of_o which_o before_o 4._o spiel-grave_a the_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n 5._o hans-grave_a a_o title_n former_o give_v to_o the_o chief_a judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o trade_n debate_v in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o weary_v the_o reader_n with_o insist_v upon_o these_o obsolete_a title_n of_o honour_n content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o six_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v all_o our_o famous_a antiquary_n beforemention_v have_v think_v worthy_a his_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o be_v style_v bare_o count_n schlechtgraven_v schlechtgraven_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o more_o than_o the_o place_n which_o give_v they_o that_o title_n as_o der_n graf_n von_fw-mi eissenburg_n der_n graf_n von_fw-mi ortenberg_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
superad_v to_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_n to_o denote_v the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o four_o who_o bear_v this_o name_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o baron_n paurmeister_n give_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o case_n propose_v in_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la baronum_fw-la genera_fw-la nulla_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitror_fw-la &_o quocunque_fw-la nomine_fw-la semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n vel_fw-la singulariter_fw-la freyen_fw-mi herrn_n edle_o well_fw-mi die_v edle_n appellantur_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la omnes_fw-la enim_fw-la generali_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la herrn_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la habet_fw-la decretorum_fw-la comitiorum_fw-la subscriptio_fw-la von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o be_v any_o different_a kind_n of_o baron_n but_o that_o whatever_o title_n they_o may_v have_v whether_o semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n freyen_fw-mi herrn_v or_o edle_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o of_o equal_a nobility_n and_o dignity_n since_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o general_a title_n of_o herrn_n as_o we_o find_v the_o decree_n ancient_o pass_v in_o the_o diet_n subscribe_v von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n by_o assent_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o as_o herrn_n be_v a_o common_a name_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o german_a baron_n so_o be_v herrschaft_n a_o general_a name_n for_o a_o barony_n which_o two_o word_n the_o high_a dutch_a use_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v lord_n and_o lordship_n we_o see_v then_o what_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_a signify_v â—â—â—on_n â—â—â—on_n and_o in_o the_o modern_a writing_n of_o the_o german_n we_o seldom_o or_o never_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n baron_fw-fr though_o this_o be_v as_o ordinary_a in_o spain_n italy_n france_n and_o england_n as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o germany_n however_o schottelius_fw-la who_o make_v as_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o record_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o any_o man_n whatever_o assure_v we_o that_o bar_n or_o baar_n in_o old_a teutonic_n manuscript_n signify_v a_o baron_n and_o be_v common_o there_o use_v instead_o of_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n freyherr_a and_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v as_o just_a ground_n for_o derive_v baro_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a as_o either_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a for_o the_o latin_a word_n virro_n signify_v a_o man_n separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o vulgar_a by_o his_o virtue_n whence_o the_o generality_n of_o critic_n derive_v baro_n have_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v borrow_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a in_o who_o ancient_a law_n baro_n or_o barus_n and_o foemina_fw-la do_v usual_o occur_v for_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o man_n Æ¿er_n or_o Æ¿ar_v which_o the_o old_a frank_n turn_v into_o berinthia_n and_o afterward_o paro_n in_o junius_n edition_n of_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n the_o gothic_a word_n wair_n be_v use_v for_o man_n and_z waire_z in_o the_o plural_a for_o man_n sometime_o instead_o of_o baron_n the_o german_n use_v the_o title_n of_o bannerherr_a â—â—nner-herr_a â—â—nner-herr_a or_o panner-herr_a which_o may_v be_v render_v dominus_fw-la vexillifer_fw-la and_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o banneret_n i_o can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n bannerherr_a though_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o german_a writer_n be_v ever_o make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v any_o high_a dutch_a title_n of_o honour_n but_o only_o to_o express_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o other_o nation_n what_o a_o chivalier_n banneret_n or_o knight_n banneret_n which_o the_o german_n usual_o render_v bannerherr_a do_v signify_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o account_n which_o the_o author_n of_o la_fw-fr division_n du_fw-fr mond_fw-fr give_v of_o it_o pour_v fair_a say_v he_o un_fw-fr chevalier_n banneret_n cest_fw-fr quant_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_o longement_n suyvy_fw-fr les_fw-fr guerre_v et_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_fw-fr assez_fw-fr terres_fw-la et_fw-fr revenue_n tant_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr peult_n tenir_fw-fr et_fw-fr soudoyer_fw-fr cinquant_n gentiles_n home_n pour_fw-fr accompagnier_fw-fr sa_fw-fr banniere_n lord_fw-mi il_fw-fr peult_n licitement_n lever_n ladit_fw-la banniere_n et_fw-fr non_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr car_fw-fr nul_fw-fr autre_fw-fr home_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr porter_n banniere_n en_fw-fr battaile_n sil_fw-fr n'a_fw-fr cinquant_a home_n prestz_fw-fr pour_fw-fr battailler_n which_o story_n of_o maintain_v fifty_o man_n under_o he_o to_o accompany_v his_o banner_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a print_a copy_n of_o gesta_fw-la romanorum_fw-la in_o french_a notwithstanding_o the_o assertion_n of_o some_o late_a author_n that_o a_o banneret_n need_v have_v no_o more_o than_o twenty-five_o some_o say_v ten_o man_n under_o he_o the_o german_n call_v a_o knight_n ritter_n â—â—tter_n â—â—tter_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o latin_n style_v he_o eques_fw-la because_o this_o title_n be_v former_o never_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n that_o have_v not_o perform_v some_o gallant_a exploit_n in_o the_o field_n and_o who_o be_v dub_v knight_n by_o be_v accouter_v with_o a_o sword_n and_o pair_n of_o spur_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a english_a poet_n dan._n lydgate_n give_v we_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o the_o title_n of_o ritter_n in_o these_o word_n eques_fw-la ab_fw-la equo_fw-la be_v say_v of_o very_a right_n and_o chevalier_n be_v say_v of_o chivalry_n in_o which_o a_o rider_n call_v be_v a_o knight_n arragoner_n do_v also_o specify_v caballiero_n through_o all_o that_o party_n be_v name_n of_o worship_n and_o so_o take_v his_o '_o ginning_n of_o spur_n of_o gold_n and_o chief_o ride_v the_o first_o original_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n with_o a_o sword_n come_v probable_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n of_o gird_v their_o young_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arms._n nihil_fw-la say_v tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n neque_fw-la publicae_fw-la neque_fw-la privatae_fw-la rei_fw-la nisi_fw-la armati_fw-la agunt_fw-la sed_fw-la arma_fw-la sumere_fw-la non_fw-la ante_fw-la cviquam_fw-la moris_fw-la quam_fw-la civitas_n suffecturum_fw-la probaverit_fw-la tum_o in_o ipso_fw-la concilio_fw-la vel_fw-la principum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la vel_fw-la pater_fw-la vel_fw-la propinquus_n scuto_fw-la frameaque_fw-la juvenem_fw-la ornant_fw-la haec_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la toga_fw-la hic_fw-la primus_fw-la juventae_fw-la honos_fw-la ante_fw-la hoc_fw-la domus_fw-la pars_fw-la videntur_fw-la mox_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la beside_o this_o ceremony_n of_o give_v a_o lance_n or_o target_n to_o such_o as_o be_v admit_v member_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o adopt_v son_n per_fw-la arma_fw-la thus_o theodoric_n king_n of_o the_o eastern_a goth_n in_o italy_n adopt_v the_o king_n of_o the_o heruli_n by_o a_o charter_n still_o extant_a in_o cassiodorus_n northern_a history_n and_o hence_o justin_n the_o elder_a be_v about_o to_o adopt_v cosroes_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n son_n be_v advise_v by_o proclus_n his_o chancellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o procopius_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o adopt_v son_n by_o write_v but_o by_o arms._n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o several_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o germany_n as_o in_o most_o other_o european_a nation_n knighthood_n order_n of_o knighthood_n if_o we_o except_o those_o who_o have_v any_o honour_n and_o title_n of_o some_o particular_a order_n send_v they_o from_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n england_n and_o denmark_n for_o from_o these_o prince_n several_a duke_n count_n and_o other_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n receive_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n the_o garter_n and_o the_o elephant_n the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v something_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o prussia_n be_v first_o institute_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n although_o jacob_n de_fw-fr vitriaco_n polydore_n vergilius_n gretser_n and_o several_a other_o historian_n of_o good_a note_n make_v the_o order_n much_o more_o ancient_a after_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n these_o new_a knight_n who_o be_v most_o of_o they_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n and_o bremen_n fix_v themselves_o at_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v sometime_o style_v equites_fw-la mariani_n here_o they_o be_v settle_v under_o henry_n walpot_n von_fw-mi passenheim_n their_o first_o great_a master_n in_o the_o year_n 1190._o afterward_o when_o the_o christian_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o syria_n they_o remove_v to_o venice_n and_o thence_o to_o marpurg_n in_o hassia_n where_o as_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o germany_n their_o convent_n be_v endow_v with_o fair_a revenue_n whence_o some_o fancy_n they_o first_o get_v the_o name_n of_o equites_fw-la
large_a tomes_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la publ_n anseaticis_fw-la give_v no_o positive_a account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o confederacy_n but_o seem_v to_o bring_v it_o down_o from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n surname_v the_o lion_n henry_n suderman_n who_o be_v sometime_o counsellor_n to_o the_o hans-town_n fetch_v its_o institution_n far_o further_o than_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n or_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o which_o be_v the_o time_n usual_o pitch_v upon_o by_o other_o historian_n with_o how_o little_a probability_n these_o opinion_n be_v back_v be_v easy_a to_o observe_v though_o perhaps_o after_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquiry_n we_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o guess_v right_n ourselves_o for_o lubeck_n have_v be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o hans-town_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n their_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v keep_v there_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o enter_v into_o that_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o lubeck_n be_v only_o build_v towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o imagine_v that_o this_o town_n and_o hamburg_n will_v enter_v into_o any_o such_o league_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o then_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o denmark_n which_o they_o do_v not_o shake_v off_o before_o the_o year_n 1226._o beside_o if_o lubeck_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o account_n of_o some_o succour_n send_v she_o when_o she_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o waldemar_n and_o his_o two_o son_n eric_n abel_n and_o christopher_n king_n of_o denmark_n which_o be_v end_v about_o the_o year_n 1259_o and_o yet_o no_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n mention_n any_o such_o thing_n we_o may_v therefore_o probable_o enough_o conclude_v that_o the_o say_v city_n enter_v not_o into_o any_o confederacy_n till_o after_o the_o sixti_v year_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n at_o which_o time_n peace_n be_v first_o conclude_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o trade_n begin_v to_o be_v improve_v in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n what_o angelius_n report_v of_o his_o have_v see_v some_o charter_n and_o privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o unite_a hans-town_n which_o be_v date_v in_o the_o year_n 1194_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v credit_v as_o the_o story_n which_o other_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n relate_v of_o our_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o grant_v of_o large_a privilege_n to_o the_o same_o city_n in_o the_o 1206_o whereas_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v not_o advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n before_o the_o year_n 1216_o and_o be_v then_o only_o nine_o year_n of_o age_n polydor_z virgil_n to_o who_o we_o know_v what_o credit_n to_o give_v in_o those_o particular_n especial_o wherein_o he_o dissent_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o english_a historian_n witness_v indeed_o for_o these_o man_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v grant_v some_o such_o kind_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o hans-town_n as_o they_o mention_v but_o the_o same_o author_n will_v tell_v they_o that_o this_o king_n reign_v till_o the_o year_n 1273._o and_o angelius_n when_o he_o come_v to_o ransack_v old_a norwegian_a paper_n for_o testimony_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o society_n can_v produce_v nothing_o of_o unquestionable_a authority_n as_o he_o phrase_n it_o write_v before_o the_o year_n 1278._o afterward_o when_o he_o come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a compendium_n of_o their_o law_n which_o he_o have_v transcribe_v out_o of_o domannus_n the_o old_a among_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v date_n beyond_o the_o year_n 1312._o so_o that_o possible_o this_o company_n be_v no_o proper_a body_n politic_a before_o that_o time_n but_o the_o german_a historian_n differ_v as_o much_o in_o assign_v the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n hans_n â—â—ne_n â—â—ne_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o confederate_a city_n shall_v call_v themselves_o by_o that_o name_n as_o they_o do_v in_o pitch_v upon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o their_o confederacy_n we_o shall_v give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a catalogue_n of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v any_o of_o they_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n first_o then_o some_o derive_v the_o word_n hanse_fw-mi or_o anse_v for_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o meet_v with_o urbes_fw-la anseaticae_n and_o ansaticae_n as_o well_o as_o hansaticae_n from_o the_o dutch_a be_fw-mi zee_fw-mi or_o be_fw-mi see_v signify_v near_o unto_o or_o upon_o the_o seashore_n because_o say_v they_o the_o hans-town_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o company_n of_o city_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o seashore_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n mere_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n by_o navigation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n of_o their_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n and_o not_o the_o secure_n of_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o some_o city_n upon_o the_o rhine_n propose_v to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o like_a confederacy_n they_o prove_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o chytraeus_n and_o crantzius_n who_o be_v author_n of_o good_a credit_n and_o authority_n 2._o other_o bring_v the_o word_n from_o hansa_n which_o in_o the_o old_a high_a dutch_a tongue_n signify_v a_o common_a council_n thence_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mat._n xxvi_o 4._o which_o our_o english_a interpreter_n have_v render_v they_o consult_v be_v in_o some_o ancient_a dutch_a version_n translate_v sie_n haben_fw-ge ein_fw-ge hansa_n gemacht_fw-ge 3._o wehner_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o old_a charter_n of_o some_o of_o these_o city_n instead_o of_o hanse-stadte_a as_o the_o german_n nowadays_o usual_o write_v the_o word_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o hayn-stadte_a which_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a dialect_n a_o city_n situate_a in_o a_o wood_n such_o as_o be_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o saxony_n and_o not_o as_o some_o explain_v it_o a_o town_n in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n or_o plain_a field_n 4._o the_o four_o opinion_n and_o last_v that_o look_v like_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n be_v that_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hans-town_n from_o that_o preeminence_n and_o precedency_n which_o they_o just_o challenge_v among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o german_a city_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o great_a lord_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v sometime_o style_v gross_a hansen_n gewaltige_n hansen_n etc._n etc._n and_o hence_o several_a old_a german_a proper_a name_n fetch_v their_o original_n as_o anselmus_fw-la hanshelm_n a_o man_n famous_a for_o his_o helmet_n ansbrechtus_n hanswert_v one_o that_o deserve_v to_o be_v make_v a_o lord_n ansfridus_n hansfried_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o peaceable_a temper_n and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o ordinary_a name_n of_o hans_n use_v at_o this_o day_n all_o germany_n over_o be_v not_o as_o many_o think_v a_o contraction_n of_o johannes_n but_o a_o part_n of_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a but_o at_o present_a hans_n be_v not_o so_o honourable_a a_o title_n as_o former_o for_o the_o german_n call_v a_o impertinent_a meddle_v fellow_n such_o as_o the_o old_a latin_n will_v have_v name_v ardelio_n and_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hans_n in_o allen_a gassen_a and_o hans_n unmuht_v hans_fw-ge filtzmaul_fw-mi hans_n sparmund_v praal_n hans_n baver-hans_n and_o the_o like_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o nickname_n of_o the_o high_a ignominy_n and_o disgrace_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a a_o critical_a etymologist_n while_n to_o inquire_v whether_o the_o word_n hans_n among_o other_o of_o its_o signification_n do_v not_o denote_v something_o relate_v to_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n since_o to_o this_o day_n he_o that_o determine_v as_o judge_n all_o controversy_n among_o the_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n of_o ratisbon_n be_v call_v hans-graff_n the_o hans-town_n of_o germany_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o four_o circle_n number_n number_n distinguish_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o four_o principal_a city_n among_o they_o viz._n lubeck_n colln_v brunswic_n and_o dantzig_n to_o the_o circle_n of_o lubeck_n belong_v the_o city_n of_o hamburg_n rostock_n wismar_n stralsund_n lunenburg_n stetin_n anclam_n golnau_n gripswald_n colberg_n stargard_n stolpe_n etc._n etc._n to_o that_o of_o colln_v wesel_n duissburg_n emmerick_n warburg_n vnna_n hammen_n munster_n minden_n osnabrug_n dortmund_n sost_n herford_n paderborn_n limgow_n billefeld_n warberg_n lippstadt_n cossfeld_n nimwegen_n sutphen_n rurnmund_n arnheim_n venloh_n elburg_n harderwic_n thiela_n bommel_n deventer_n campen_n swol_n groningen_n bolsswerder_n gorcum_n hinlopen_fw-la staveren_fw-mi embden_n briel_n wieringen_n middelburg_n and_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n to_o
that_o great_a conqueror_n from_o his_o loin_n after_o several_a generation_n descend_v billiengus_n a_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o mother_n say_v some_o be_v charles_n the_o great_a be_v sister_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o his_o own_o conversion_n bring_v in_o the_o profession_n of_o christianity_n into_o mecklenburg_n though_o afterward_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o his_o son_n micislaus_n both_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n turn_v apostate_n the_o next_o famous_a prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v gottschalck_n surname_v the_o godly_a who_o will_v often_o himself_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o preach_v christianity_n to_o his_o subject_n by_o who_o he_o be_v at_o last_o for_o his_o religion_n murder_v in_o the_o year_n 1066._o from_o he_o descend_v among_o many_o other_o henry_n ii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1228_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n nicolot_n and_o john_n from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o spring_v all_o the_o succeed_a prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n until_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o that_o line_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1430._o from_o the_o late_a surname_v knese_n janko_n or_o john_n the_o divine_a because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v degree_n in_o the_o university_n at_o paris_n be_v descend_v the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n this_o john_n leave_v behind_o he_o henry_n who_o be_v six_o and_o twenty_o year_n keep_v prisoner_n by_o the_o turk_n father_n to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n who_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o create_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 1349._o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v though_o i_o find_v this_o construction_n put_v upon_o it_o by_o several_a of_o the_o modern_a german_a historian_n as_o if_o these_o two_o prince_n before_o charles_n creation_n have_v be_v only_o ordinary_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o prince_n or_o duke_n for_o from_o he_o they_o receive_v no_o more_o than_o a_o admission_n into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v brougth_n by_o make_v themselves_o member_n thereof_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o its_o law_n and_o contribute_v to_o its_o necessity_n albert_n elder_a son_n albert_n ii_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o sweden_n and_o not_o long_o after_o take_v prisoner_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n by_o who_o after_o several_a year_n imprisonment_n he_o be_v at_o last_o release_v upon_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o vast_a ransom_n so_o that_o the_o management_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o brother_n magnus_n a_o prince_n that_o if_o we_o believe_v chytraeus_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n have_v give_v he_o a_o noble_a character_n be_v nomine_fw-la &_o re_fw-la magnus_fw-la endow_v with_o all_o the_o excellent_a quality_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o brave_a prince_n his_o son_n john_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dukedom_n found_v the_o university_n at_o rostock_n in_o the_o year_n 1419._o this_o duke_n successor_n henry_n the_o fat_a and_o magnus_n ii_o founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o rostock_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o magnus_n and_o his_o son_n albert_n ii_o the_o dukedom_n come_v to_o his_o grandchild_n john_n albert_n in_o the_o year_n 1547_o who_o first_o bring_v in_o the_o lutheran_n confession_n into_o his_o dominion_n by_o demolish_n popish_a abbey_n and_o convert_v their_o revenue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o university_n at_o rostock_n his_o son_n john_n iii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1592._o leave_v two_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v adolph_n frideric_n who_o marry_v ann-mary_n countess_n of_o east_n friesland_n by_o who_o among_o other_o child_n he_o have_v christian-ludowic_a the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a his_o young_a son_n be_v gustavus_n adolphus_n who_o seat_v himself_o at_o gustrow_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o germany_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o dukedom_n confer_v upon_o their_o ambitious_a and_o at_o last_o unfortunate_a general_n albrecht_n duke_n of_o friedland_n however_o within_o a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o two_o duke_n adolph_n frideric_n and_o john_n albrecht_n be_v reinstate_v in_o their_o dominion_n by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n their_o kinsman_n for_o a_o character_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n the_o reader_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o swerin_n and_o gustrow_n the_o place_n of_o their_o residence_n the_o strength_n of_o these_o prince_n will_v be_v considerable_a enough_o strength_n militâ—â—â—_n strength_n sufficient_a to_o secure_v their_o own_o territory_n and_o keep_v their_o neighbour_n in_o awe_n if_o firm_o unite_v their_o equal_a pretension_n to_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o university_n at_o rostock_n do_v former_o occasion_v some_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o house_n but_o this_o quarrel_n have_v for_o some_o year_n last_o pass_v be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o and_o now_o a_o difference_n in_o religion_n the_o duke_n of_o swerin_n be_v a_o romanist_n and_o he_o of_o gustrow_n a_o lutheran_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o their_o mutual_a fear_n and_o jealousy_n heretofore_o they_o think_v it_o their_o chief_a interest_n to_o adhere_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o secure_v themselves_o under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o potent_a king_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o when_o after_o the_o many_o conquest_n of_o the_o brave_a gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o power_n of_o those_o prince_n grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o threaten_v a_o universal_a slavery_n to_o their_o neighbour_n round_o about_o they_o rather_o than_o the_o defence_n of_o any_o of_o their_o liberty_n the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o relinquish_v that_o party_n and_o join_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o branburger_n in_o oppose_v their_o common_a enemy_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n they_o see_v wismar_n rend_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n without_o any_o probability_n of_o be_v ever_o recover_v and_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o fear_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a country_n will_v follow_v it_o if_o their_o ruin_n be_v not_o timely_o prevent_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o new_a ally_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n so_o much_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n which_o bear_v that_o title_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o six_o part_n territry_n territry_n the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o vandalia_n the_o earldom_n of_o swerin_n the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n and_o stargard_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v reckon_v the_o city_n of_o wismar_n to_o which_o be_v the_o neighbour_a island_n poel_n tempsin_n gades_n rhena_n and_o bucow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o vandalia_n gustrow_n sterneberg_n malchin_n stavenhagen_n ivenack_n neu-calven_n warin_n pentzlin_n rebel_n wredenhagen_n malchau_n tetrou_n goltberg_n parchum_n plague_n lupsian_a grabou_n domitz_n neu-statt_a eldenau_n and_o gorlosen_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n the_o city_n of_o rostock_n ribnitz_n gnoien_n tessin_n laga_n schwan_n salines_n and_o morlou_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o stargard_n brandeburg_n stargard_n furstenburg_n strelitz_n mirow_n fredland_n and_o wesenberg_n and_o last_o in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n the_o city_n of_o butzow_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o swerin_n the_o most_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n i._o lubec_n lubec_n lubec_n this_o city_n be_v indeed_o situate_a in_o wagerland_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o in_o the_o description_n of_o denmark_n but_o because_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o a_o imperial_a city_n whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n we_o have_v reserve_v a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o it_o for_o this_o place_n and_o it_o can_v so_o proper_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o particular_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o although_o the_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n do_v not_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tribute_n or_o homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n yet_o it_o may_v perhaps_o as_o just_o be_v reckon_v part_n of_o that_o dukedom_n as_o bremen_n which_o never_o yet_o acknowledge_v any_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n may_v be_v esteem_v part_n of_o that_o principality_n which_o now_o bear_v
he_o mention_n yet_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o wisimir_n if_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o man_n must_v have_v slay_v siward_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 340_o and_o we_o never_o hear_v of_o duke_n lechus_n in_o poland_n before_o the_o year_n 550_o nay_o some_o say_v he_o begin_v his_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 644._o wherefore_o omit_v these_o impertinent_a contradiction_n and_o anticronism_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o wismar_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o convenience_n of_o its_o situation_n wis-mee_a signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o safe_a and_o secure_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o be_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n be_v now_o seat_v nor_o be_v the_o town_n so_o ancient_a as_o they_o will_v make_v it_o but_o first_o build_v or_o at_o least_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o mecklenburg_n which_o as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v be_v once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o whole_a dukedom_n about_o the_o year_n 1250_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o 1238_o by_o gunceline_n ii_o earl_n of_o swerin_n afterward_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o his_o great_a performance_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n surname_v hierosolymitanus_n bring_v hither_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n observe_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubec_n and_o new_o model_v wismar_n about_o the_o year_n 1266._o from_o which_o time_n it_o grow_v so_o extravagant_o great_a and_o populous_a that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n it_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a hans-town_n and_o be_v make_v the_o harbour_n for_o all_o the_o man_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o that_o society_n this_o engage_v the_o whole_a community_n to_o contribute_v towards_o its_o fortification_n insomuch_o that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o year_n it_o become_v almost_o impregnable_a by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o city_n and_o haven_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o wallfrisch_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o pole_n except_v the_o village_n of_o schedorff_n weitendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangeren_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubec_n as_o also_o newen-clost_a be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v always_o style_v himself_o lord_n of_o wismar_n but_o in_o these_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o city_n of_o wismar_n among_o many_o other_o be_v take_v by_o the_o present_a victorious_a king_n of_o denmark_n christian_a v._n although_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o eight_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v at_o fountainblaeu_n on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1679_o by_o the_o french_a and_o danish_a minister_n that_o wismar_n and_o rugen_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o swede_n within_o three_o week_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_a treaty_n yet_o in_o a_o second_o treaty_n sign_v on_o the_o twenty-sixth_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi it_o be_v agree_v that_o wismar_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o surety_n for_o the_o arrear_n of_o certain_a contribution_n due_a from_o that_o king_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n this_o obligation_n it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o cancel_v for_o the_o dane_n to_o this_o day_n keep_v possession_n of_o this_o great_a town_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v force_v in_o any_o short_a time_n to_o yield_v it_o up_o iii_o rostock_n rostock_n rostock_n a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o story_n which_o some_o of_o the_o german_a antiquary_n report_v of_o it_o for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a place_n which_o several_a of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n point_v at_o when_o they_o report_v great_a thing_n of_o lacinium_n rhodopolis_n and_o laciburgium_n all_o which_o name_v the_o modern_a historian_n appropriate_v to_o rostock_n but_o how_o its_o name_n come_v at_o last_o to_o be_v change_v for_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o little_a affinity_n betwixt_o lacinium_n or_o laciburgium_n and_o rostock_n although_o rhodopolis_n come_v something_o near_o to_o the_o modern_a name_n they_o can_v so_o easy_o determine_v some_o think_v the_o word_n rostock_n or_o rostzogz_v a_o compound_n of_o two_o old_a wendish_n monosyllable_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n so_o that_o this_o city_n according_a to_o this_o derivation_n have_v its_o name_n at_o first_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o several_a great_a town_n in_o france_n be_v at_o this_o day_n name_v confluent_a the_o polish_v writer_n say_v the_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o countryman_n in_o who_o language_n rostock_n signify_v a_o moist_a or_o boggy_a place_n p._n lindebergius_n in_o his_o chronocle_n of_o rostoch_n prove_v from_o inscription_n upon_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o ancient_a monument_n that_o the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o town_n be_v rotzstock_n and_o he_o guess_v that_o this_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o from_o a_o great_a red_a pillar_n von_fw-mi einem_fw-la rothen_fw-ge soul_fw-mi oder_fw-ge stock_n which_o in_o the_o day_n of_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o this_o conjecture_n seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o name_n of_o rhodopolis_n beforementioned_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o be_v back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a antiquary_n but_o whatever_o grand_a conceit_n the_o mecklenburger_n may_v have_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o year_n 329_o it_o be_v only_o a_o small_a inconsiderable_a village_n build_v by_o some_o poor_a fisherman_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o warna_n and_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o slender_a tent_n rather_o than_o house_n 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tree_n in_o the_o common_a garden_n but_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o their_o bridge_n be_v decay_v with_o age_n fall_v down_o and_o because_o of_o no_o great_a use_n have_v not_o since_o be_v repair_v so_o that_o one_o of_o their_o septenaries_n be_v fail_v the_o most_o notable_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v beer_n which_o be_v here_o brew_v and_o carry_v into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o nation_n a_o rostocker_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o yearly_a by_o the_o 250_o privilege_a brewer_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v at_o least_o so_o many_o thousand_o tun_n of_o beer_n brew_v beside_o the_o vast_a quantity_n which_o many_o of_o the_o private_a citizen_n man_n especial_o of_o the_o chief_a rank_n and_o repute_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o brew_v for_o their_o own_o use_n the_o university_n at_o rostock_n which_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a stock_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v first_o found_v by_o john_n
soldier_n before_o william_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n wall_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 964._o the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v in_o sow_v gather_v and_o dress_v woad_n they_o have_v three_o sort_n of_o this_o herb_n the_o first_o of_o which_o they_o sow_v about_o christmas_n the_o next_o call_v summer_n woad_n be_v sow_o in_o the_o spring_n summer_n or_o harvest_n and_o of_o this_o they_o have_v usual_o three_o crop_n the_o three_o be_v not_o sow'n_v at_o all_o but_o grow_v wild_a beside_o the_o good_a quality_n of_o this_o herb_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o very_a sovereign_a balsamic_n and_o cure_v wound_n if_o take_v in_o time_n almost_o with_o a_o touch_n it_o something_a resemble_v plantain_n but_o shoot_v out_o a_o long_a leaf_n the_o root_n of_o it_o exceed_o fatten_v and_o improve_v barren_a ground_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n it_o have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n bring_v over_o into_o england_n with_o clover-grass_n cinque-foil_n and_o other_o herb_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n particular_o in_o northamptonshire_n be_v now_o sow'n_v with_o good_a success_n town_n of_o less_o note_n be_v 1._o eysennach_n or_o isenach_n on_o the_o border_n of_o hessen_n the_o seat_n of_o a_o great_a branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n 2._o mulhausen_n a_o imperial_a city_n but_o of_o no_o great_a consequence_n 3._o hahn_n 4._o arnstadt_n etc._n etc._n comitatus_n mansfeldiae_fw-la descriptio_fw-la auctore_fw-la tilemanno_n stella_fw-la sig._n apud_fw-la janssonio-wassbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o county_n of_o mansfeld_n some_z of_o the_o german_a historian_n tell_v we_o that_o heger_n count_n of_o mansfeld_n be_v one_o of_o the_o commoner_n at_o our_o british_a king_n arthur_n round_a table_n and_o hence_o they_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o county_n for_o king_n arthur_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v reign_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 540_o and_o mansfeld_n in_o notinghamshire_n which_o these_o man_n say_v be_v build_v by_o the_o forementioned_a heger_n be_v think_v of_o age_n enough_o to_o justify_v this_o story_n but_o other_o trace_v its_o antiquity_n much_o high_o and_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o mansfeld_n from_o mannus_n tuisco_n son_n and_o father_n of_o the_o german_n and_o this_o fancy_n be_v back_v with_o the_o name_n of_o ascania_n a_o neighbour_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n which_o say_v they_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v so_o call_v from_o ascenas_n the_o father_n of_o tuisco_n and_o the_o german_a nation_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o hercynian_a county_n the_o other_o three_o be_v those_o of_o stolberg_n hohenstein_n and_o regenstein_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o river_n sala_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o bishopric_n of_o mersburg_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n dominion_n on_o the_o north_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o county_n of_o schwartzburg_n stolberg_n and_o some_o other_o lesser_a principality_n on_o the_o south_n with_o thuringen_n in_o this_o county_n there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o mine_n which_o afford_v several_a sort_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n to_o the_o no_o small_a profit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n among_o the_o rest_n the_o scheiffersteyn_n a_o kind_n of_o mineral_n peculiar_a to_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n be_v here_o find_v in_o great_a abundance_n it_o be_v a_o blackish_a glister_a sort_n of_o slat_n which_o be_v bray_v and_o melt_v down_o yield_v a_o vast_a quantity_n of_o copper_n and_o a_o considerable_a deal_n of_o silver_n john_n hubensak_n a_o german_a commentator_n on_o some_o part_n of_o munster_n cosmography_n give_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o this_o mineral_n the_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n say_v he_o have_v in_o their_o dominion_n several_a mine_n of_o scheifferstein_n the_o like_a whereof_o the_o whole_a world_n can_v scarce_o pretend_v to_o for_o out_o of_o this_o stone_n the_o inhabitant_n melt_v a_o copper_n each_o hundred_o weight_n whereof_o contain_v betwixt_o ten_o and_o twelve_o ounce_n of_o pure_a silver_n nor_o be_v the_o mine_n like_v to_o fail_v in_o haste_n since_o in_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n you_o dig_v for_o this_o mineral_n you_o be_v sure_a to_o speed_v i_o myself_o have_v be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o a_o strange_o extravagant_a curiosity_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o composure_n of_o this_o stone_n there_o be_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n not_o far_o from_o eisleben_n a_o lake_n of_o several_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n abound_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n as_o frog_n water-rat_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v lively_o represent_v in_o many_o of_o these_o scheifferstones_n by_o fair_a copper-stroke_n through_o the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o slat_n so_o far_o hubensak_n now_o what_o credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o late_a part_n of_o his_o story_n i_o shall_v not_o determine_v but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n be_v discretion_n to_o believe_v or_o reject_v it_o many_o of_o hubensak_n countryman_n be_v forward_o enough_o to_o second_v he_o in_o the_o assertion_n and_o petrus_n albinus_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o mine_n of_o misnia_n not_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o story_n endeavour_n to_o lay_v down_o the_o true_a and_o natural_a reason_n of_o these_o appearance_n and_o possible_o nature_n have_v wrought_v no_o great_a miracle_n in_o these_o then_o in_o other_o stone_n daily_o find_v in_o many_o part_n of_o our_o own_o island_n we_o may_v here_o in_o one_o county_n meet_v with_o lively_a pourtraicture_n of_o plant_n infect_v fish_n bird_n beast_n nay_o and_o several_a part_n of_o man_n body_n delineate_v by_o nature_n herself_o in_o the_o body_n of_o hard_a and_o flinty_a stone_n for_o a_o testimony_n of_o this_o truth_n i_o shall_v only_o refet_fw-fr the_fw-fr reader_n to_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o our_o ingenious_a dr._n plot_n be_v natural_a history_n of_o oxfordshire_n where_o he_o may_v find_v a_o faithful_a register_n of_o almost_o innumerable_a instance_n in_o this_o kind_n together_o with_o a_o learned_a conjecture_n at_o the_o reason_n of_o such_o variety_n of_o shape_n they_o that_o attempt_v the_o run_v up_o the_o pedigree_n of_o the_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n as_o high_a as_o heger_n or_o mannus_n be_v too_o romantic_a to_o be_v credit_v count_n count_n or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o this_o place_n the_o more_o sober_a genealogist_n be_v content_a to_o fetch_v the_o original_n of_o this_o family_n from_o burchard_n the_o five_o count_n of_o quernfort_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n bestow_v this_o county_n in_o requital_n of_o the_o many_o signal_n service_n do_v by_o he_o both_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o forementioned_a duke_n henry_n and_o in_o the_o holy_a land_n his_o grandchild_n burchard_n by_o a_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v the_o first_o that_o assume_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n about_o the_o year_n 1250._o since_o which_o time_n that_o honour_n have_v be_v continue_v down_o to_o several_a prince_n of_o the_o same_o line_n who_o have_v nevertheless_o always_o pay_v some_o small_a acknowledgement_n of_o homage_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n among_o these_o count_n the_o most_o eminent_a have_v be_v 1._o walerad_n privy-counsellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n a_o faithful_a servant_n to_o the_o empire_n and_o a_o notable_a improver_n of_o his_o own_o estate_n 2._o john_n george_n for_o some_o time_n deputy-governor_n of_o saxony_n under_o duke_n augustus_n 3._o peter_n ernest_n governor_n of_o luxemburg_n under_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o philip_n the_o second_o by_o both_o of_o who_o he_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o war_n with_o france_n and_o against_o the_o rebel_n in_o the_o netherlands_o 4._o albert_n a_o constant_a friend_n to_o martin_n luther_n and_o a_o faithful_a follower_n of_o john_n frideric_n the_o depose_a elector_n in_o who_o quarrel_n he_o lose_v his_o estate_n and_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v to_o magdeburg_n which_o city_n be_v afterward_o by_o he_o brave_o defend_v against_o the_o emperor_n force_n 5._o ernest_n grandchild_n to_o the_o forementioned_a albert_n by_o his_o son_n john_n famous_a for_o his_o courageous_a and_o gallant_a behaviour_n in_o manage_v and_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o in_o behalf_n of_o frideric_n prince_n elector_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o state_n of_o bohemia_n at_o this_o day_n the_o family_n of_o the_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n be_v branch_v out_o into_o four_o or_o five_o distinct_a house_n which_o division_n have_v render_v they_o much_o more_o inconsiderable_a then_o former_o they_o have_v be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o county_n eisleben_n eisleben_n and_o chief_a place_n
the_o follow_a order_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o first_o 3._o ernest_n frideric_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 4._o frideric_n iii_o ernest_n son_n 5._o john_n frideric_n the_o three_o brother_n 6._o john-frideric_a the_o son_n of_o john_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n 7._o maurice_n cousin-german_a to_o his_o predecessor_n john_n who_o drive_v charles_n the_o five_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o siffridhuse_v against_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o augustus_n maurice_n brother_n 9_o christian_n augustus_n son_n 10._o christian_n ii_o son_n of_o christian_a the_o first_o 11._o john_n george_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o first_o side_v with_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n against_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n against_o the_o emperor_n 12._o john_n george_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o he_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o quiet_a and_o die_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n leave_v the_o electorate_v to_o his_o son_n 13._o john_n george_n iii_o this_o elector_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o low_a stature_n but_o great_a spirit_n something_a fat_a and_o corpulent_a but_o withal_o active_a and_o brisk_a he_o be_v bear_v the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n a._n d._n 1647_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o marry_v ann_n sophia_n princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o sister_n to_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n by_o she_o he_o have_v several_a child_n the_o elder_a of_o who_o john_n george_n be_v the_o electoral_a prince_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o germany_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n except_v only_o the_o imperial_a family_n although_o the_o circuit_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o what_o his_o neighbour_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v master_n of_o they_o that_o reckon_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o amount_v to_o 400000_o pound_n sterling_a speak_v modest_o enough_o and_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o compute_v all_o the_o income_n of_o his_o treasury_n from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o beer_n and_o all_o other_o commidity_n from_o tax_n mine_n etc._n etc._n will_v i_o presume_v find_v it_o rise_v to_o a_o much_o large_a sum_n the_o profit_n which_o arise_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o silver_n mine_n at_o freyberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o his_o territory_n have_v be_v long_o since_o compute_v to_o amount_v yearly_a to_o 130000_o pound_n and_o certain_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o labourer_n will_v rather_o augment_v that_o sum_n the_o excise_n or_o impost_n upon_o beer_n in_o leipsick_a only_a a_o city_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o parish_n be_v usual_o farm_a at_o the_o rate_n of_o 20000_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o this_o and_o the_o like_a custom_n he_o have_v ten_o of_o all_o the_o corn_n fruit_n wine_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a stand_a tax_n lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n grant_v at_o first_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o hostility_n but_o gather_v since_o in_o day_n of_o peace_n at_o least_o as_o to_o that_o enemy_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o receive_v he_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v attack_v this_o country_n answerable_a to_o these_o vast_a revenue_n be_v the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n his_o attendants_z be_v usual_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o train_n of_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour-prince_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o elector_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v court_n at_o the_o same_o time_n three_o duke_n as_o many_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n of_o foreign_a nation_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v pensioner_n to_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o two_o late_a elector_n abate_v much_o of_o this_o state_n and_o grandeur_n witness_v the_o funeral_n of_o john_n george_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o at_o which_o be_v twentyfour_o horse_n of_o state_n cover_v with_o black_a and_o the_o electoral_a eschutcheon_n wrought_v thereon_o each_o of_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o two_o gentleman_n after_o which_o follow_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o person_n in_o mourning_n the_o court_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v always_o more_o brand_v with_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v then_o any_o other_o prince_n palace_n in_o germany_n nor_o have_v the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v able_a to_o shun_v the_o imputation_n a_o red_a nose_n be_v as_o be_v report_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o inseparable_a badge_n of_o that_o family_n ii_o leipzig_n leipzig_n leipzig_n this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o vandal_n who_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n word_n lipzk_n which_o signify_v a_o lindentree_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n which_o former_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n whence_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o phylurea_n instead_o of_o lipsia_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tilia_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o small_a river_n the_o elster_n pleissa_n and_o parda_fw-it in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n and_o pleasure_n as_o large_a and_o rich_a meadow_n which_o be_v mow_v twice_o constant_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o year_n pleasant_a wood_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fine_a orchard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o orchard_n or_o garden_n but_o the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o stately_a fabric_n pleissenburg_n or_o the_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o pleissa_n which_o defend_v the_o town_n be_v a_o strong_a fort_n and_o strict_o guard_v and_o st._n nicolas_n church_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o fair_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o any_o lutheran_n church_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n have_v general_o well-built_a house_n many_o whereof_o especial_o near_o the_o marketplace_n be_v seven_o some_o nine_o story_n high_a near_o this_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o this_o town_n be_v five_o several_a time_n besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n 1633._o but_o restore_v upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n sign_v at_o prague_n a._n d._n 1635._o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o beside_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n which_o be_v think_v to_o flourish_v here_o in_o a_o more_o refine_a strain_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o misnia_n and_o consequent_o of_o germany_n the_o three_o thing_n follow_v 1._o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o note_n in_o europe_n especial_o dure_v the_o three_o fair_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v yearly_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o michaelmas_n 2._o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o elector_n himself_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n the_o manner_n of_o procede_v in_o this_o court_n be_v at_o large_a deliver_v by_o zobelius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v differentiae_fw-la juris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la &_o civilis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la lipsiense_n write_v not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o high_o dutch._n 3._o the_o university_n which_o be_v found_v here_o a._n d._n 1408_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o hussites_n and_o papist_n at_o prague_n whereby_o the_o former_a be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o town_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o at_o leipsig_n to_o which_o city_n two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flock_v in_o one_o day_n there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o this_o day_n four_o college_n and_o twenty_o four_o public_a professor_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a professor_n of_o divinity_n be_v dr._n john_n adam_n schertzer_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a humanity_n and_o as_o great_a learning_n the_o several_a book_n he_o have_v publish_v especial_o his_o collegium_fw-la anti-socinianum_a wherein_o he_o have_v brave_o confute_v those_o knotty_a argument_n of_o the_o cracovian_a party_n which_o few_o of_o his_o countryman_n before_o he_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o world_n the_o quickness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o foundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n his_o
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
henry_n the_o first_o be_v sister_n though_o other_o think_v it_o rather_o a_o corruption_n of_o papenberg_n or_o pfaffenberg_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o pfaffen_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o delicate_a situation_n of_o this_o city_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a fruit_n and_o plant_n beyond_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n and_o shall_v here_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v observable_a within_o the_o town_n the_o old_a earl_n of_o bamberg_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o altenburg_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n but_o the_o bishop_n have_v now_o adays_o a_o palace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n on_o a_o small_a island_n in_o the_o river_n regnitz_n it_o be_v a_o pile_n of_o build_v sufficient_o magnificent_a and_o splendid_a rare_o beautify_v with_o large_a and_o fair_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o jesuit_n college_n and_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n and_o the_o four_o spire_n at_o the_o cathedral_n be_v noble_a schweinfurt_n or_o trajectus_n svevorum_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o swabe_n pass_v the_o river_n main_a in_o this_o place_n fâ—â—â—_n sâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n fâ—â—â—_n goltmeyer_n say_v this_o town_n be_v build_v 217_o year_n before_o christ_n but_o bring_v little_a proof_n for_o what_o he_o report_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a neither_o very_o large_a nor_o populous_a but_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a river_n run_v by_o this_o city_n be_v by_o some_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o hennenberg_n of_o which_o anon_o territorium_fw-la francofurtense_n to_o john_n hillersdon_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n esq_n thismapp_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o main_a the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o franc_n have_v once_o make_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o thorough_o incense_v that_o bold_a and_o resolute_a people_n he_o can_v get_v but_o little_a rest_n till_o he_o have_v subdue_v they_o beyond_o all_o possibility_n of_o a_o rebellion_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o press_v in_o swarm_n upon_o the_o franc_n who_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o too_o numerous_a for_o their_o enemy_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o pursue_v to_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n main_a where_o they_o have_v sometime_o the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o franc_n who_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ford_n of_o that_o river_n will_v sudden_o rush_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o put_v most_o of_o they_o either_o to_o flight_n or_o the_o sword_n from_o these_o sally_n it_o be_v think_v the_o town_n of_o francfurt_n have_v its_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o one_o of_o these_o common_a ford_n of_o the_o franc_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ingenious_a gunther_n in_o his_o ligurinus_n where_o he_o say_v quia_fw-la carolus_n illic_fw-la saxonas_fw-la indomita_fw-la nimium_fw-la feritate_fw-la rebel_n oppugnans_fw-la rapidi_fw-la latissima_fw-la flumina_fw-la maeni_fw-la ignoto_fw-la fregisse_fw-la vado_fw-la mediumque_fw-la per_fw-la amnem_fw-la transmississe_fw-la svas_fw-la neglecto_fw-la ponte_fw-la cohortes_fw-la creditur_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o other_o say_v though_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o francus_n the_o first_o captain_n of_o these_o people_n and_o that_o from_o he_o it_o get_v its_o name_n and_o some_o as_o ridiculous_o have_v call_v it_o helenopolis_n from_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n mother_n the_o town_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o main_a whereof_o the_o great_a be_v call_v francfurt_n and_o the_o less_o sachsen-huss_a or_o the_o house_n of_o the_o saxon_n these_o two_o be_v unite_v by_o a_o stone-bridge_n across_o the_o river_n of_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o arch_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o magistrate_n the_o city_n be_v strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v and_o which_o give_v it_o more_o strength_n than_o wall_n or_o rampire_n can_v do_v its_o inhabitant_n be_v unanimous_a professor_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n the_o jew_n indeed_o have_v one_o street_n to_o themselves_o and_o be_v allow_v a_o synagogue_n with_o the_o public_a profession_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o these_o be_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o handful_n of_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o their_o disturb_v the_o government_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o well_o seat_v for_o that_o purpose_n for_o the_o main_a pass_v by_o the_o great_a city_n of_o bamberg_n schweinfurt_n wurtzburg_n and_o guemund_n give_v it_o a_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o franconia_n and_o the_o same_o river_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n carry_v off_o and_o bring_v in_o commodity_n from_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o the_o netherlands_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v at_o the_o two_o great_a fair_n keep_v here_o yearly_o in_o march_n and_o september_n at_o which_o time_n all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n especial_o book_n be_v bring_v hither_o by_o the_o factor_n of_o the_o german_n hollander_n italian_n french_a and_z english_z they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o catalogue_n publish_v of_o such_o new_a book_n as_o be_v or_o will_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o they_o our_o london_n bookseller_n have_v of_o late_a year_n learn_v the_o trick_n of_o print_v a_o catalogue_n every_o term._n as_o long_o as_o this_o mart_n last_v which_o be_v usual_o three_o week_n there_o be_v here_o as_o great_a variety_n and_o choice_n of_o book_n as_o in_o any_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o when_o that_o be_v over_o the_o bookseller_n shop_n be_v usual_o shut_v up_o on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a horse-fair_a wherein_o yearly_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o good_a horse_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v among_o the_o many_o privilege_n confer_v on_o this_o city_n by_o several_a of_o the_o german_a emperor_n privilege_n privilege_n the_o chief_a be_v its_o be_v appoint_v the_o certain_a place_n for_o the_o election_n of_o every_o new_a emperor_n this_o be_v a_o customary_a thing_n ever_o since_o arnulph_n the_o first_o be_v day_n but_o confirm_v only_o by_o charles_n iv_o author_n of_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n after_o the_o elector_n have_v give_v their_o voice_n in_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n if_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o now_o there_o be_v eight_o elector_n it_o may_v easy_o happen_v which_o person_n have_v the_o most_o vote_n it_o have_v be_v usual_a for_o the_o two_o candidate_n to_o determine_v the_o quarrel_n by_o battle_n in_o the_o neighbour_a field_n wherein_o the_o conqueror_n be_v carry_v off_o with_o great_a acclamation_n back_o to_o the_o city_n and_o there_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n thus_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v betwixt_o henry_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o conrade_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o as_o also_o between_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o frideric_n arch_a duke_n of_o austria_n and_o last_o betwixt_o gunther_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n and_o charles_n iu._n these_o be_v the_o instance_n give_v by_o munster_n and_o some_o other_o german_a writer_n all_o of_o who_o martin_n zeiller_n rely_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o chrst_n lehman_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o spire_n fancy_v to_o be_v mistake_v and_o to_o report_v story_n which_o none_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historian_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n when_o these_o thing_n shall_v have_v be_v transact_v ever_o mention_n st._n bartholomew_n church_n in_o francfurt_n be_v a_o venerable_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o architecture_n have_v be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n pepin_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v father_n some_o other_o public_a building_n as_o the_o town-hall_n several_a monastery_n etc._n etc._n be_v worth_a the_o see_v but_o the_o mineral_n spring_n and_o bath_n be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o be_v daily_o visit_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o town_n and_o neighbourhood_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o cold_a bath_n wherein_o as_o zeiller_n report_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o his_o day_n to_o wash_v woman_n before_o they_o go_v to_o be_v marry_v or_o as_o soon_o as_o their_o month_n of_o childbed_n be_v over_o but_o that_o which_o give_v england_n the_o great_a cause_n to_o remember_v this_o city_n be_v the_o entertainment_n of_o some_o of_o our_o protestant_a minister_n who_o with_o their_o congregation_n flee_v hither_o in_o the_o day_n of_o queen_n mary_n bitter_a persecution_n yet_o i_o be_o sorry_a our_o island_n be_v force_v to_o own_o such_o a_o set_v of_o ecclesiastic_o who_o go_v hence_o a_o pack_n of_o zuinglian_a gospeler_n and_o
schweinfurt_n which_o some_o geographer_n bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o principality_n schmalcad_n be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o principality_n but_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o now_o principatus_fw-la hennenbergensis_n comitatus_n wertheimici_n finitimarumqve_fw-la regionum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la exacta_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o wertheim_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tauber_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o main_a be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o good_a air_n the_o citizen_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o make_v wine_n live_v former_o in_o good_a credit_n till_o upon_o some_o disagreement_n between_o they_o and_o their_o earl_n who_o endeavour_v to_o reestablish_v popery_n in_o the_o town_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a poverty_n and_o strait_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o they_o have_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o recruit_v themselves_o to_o this_o day_n however_o they_o still_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o be_v zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o saint_n luther_n the_o county_n of_o wertheim_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a francia_n orientalis_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n main_a be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wurtzburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hohenloe_n and_o the_o palatinate_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o silua_fw-la ottonica_fw-la and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o large_a forest_n of_o speshart_n this_o province_n afford_v much_o more_o plenty_n of_o corn_n than_o the_o territory_n about_o francfurt_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inferior_a to_o those_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v here_o good_a store_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n for_o cattle_n which_o bring_v in_o yearly_a as_o great_a revenue_n as_o their_o best_a vineyard_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o be_v cloy_v with_o venison_n among_o the_o several_a village_n that_o have_v dependence_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n niclashausen_n niclashausen_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v niclashausen_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n and_o education_n of_o one_o john_n behaim_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o wurtzburg_n a._n d._n 1476._o the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o poor_a boar_n be_v melancholy_a and_o crack-brained_a fancy_v daily_o that_o he_o see_v in_o his_o melancholy_n and_o dumpish_a fit_n strange_a and_o terrible_a apparition_n one_o time_n the_o virgin_n marry_o forsooth_o among_o his_o other_o spiritual_a guest_n give_v he_o a_o visit_n and_o grow_v so_o familiar_a as_o to_o communicate_v to_o he_o several_a deep_a intrigue_n and_o secret_n the_o choice_a whereof_o be_v that_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o burgher_n of_o wertheim_n to_o show_v any_o manner_n of_o respect_n to_o their_o earl_n or_o inferior_a magistrate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v all_o as_o free_v and_o boundless_a as_o the_o river_n that_o water_v their_o country_n this_o be_v a_o plausible_a doctrine_n in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o need_v but_o little_a divine_a revelation_n to_o authorise_v it_o so_o that_o behaim_n have_v present_o more_o proselyte_n than_o all_o the_o preacher_n in_o the_o country_n and_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n have_v pervert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n have_v he_o not_o early_o be_v overpower_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o bishop_n force_n erpach_n norimberg_n hanaw_n etc._n etc._n be_v purposely_o omit_v in_o this_o place_n though_o part_n of_o franconia_n as_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o germany_n the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n die_v pfaltz_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n for_o this_o county_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o palatium_n name_n name_n whereof_o palatinus_n be_v only_o a_o adjective_n possessive_a now_o how_o palatium_n shall_v be_v a_o name_n give_v to_o a_o county_n or_o palatinus_n to_o a_o earl_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n treat_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nobility_n in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v only_o at_o this_o day_n two_o county_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o counties_n palatinate_n whereof_o one_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n and_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o elsewhere_o about_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o bound_n bound_n very_o little_a of_o the_o country_n about_o huydelberg_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o this_o neighbourhood_n be_v either_o imperial_a or_o subject_a to_o some_o other_o prince_n than_o the_o count_v palatine_n who_o be_v now_o by_o marriage_n conquest_n or_o purchase_n master_n of_o the_o land_n before_o the_o bohemian_a war_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o frideric_n count_n palatine_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o territory_n and_o revenue_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o make_v he_o more_o formidable_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o elector_n but_o such_o be_v his_o misfortune_n in_o those_o bloody_a engagement_n that_o he_o lose_v both_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n which_o he_o contend_v for_o and_o also_o all_o his_o own_o hereditary_a dignity_n and_o estate_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o the_o low_a conquer_a and_o subdue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o late_a count_n charles-ludowic_a son_n to_o the_o unfortunate_a king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v restore_v to_o some_o part_n of_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o these_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o be_v still_o like_a to_o be_v lessen_v by_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o french_a king_n this_o country_n be_v much_o the_o pleasant_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n soil_n soil_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o great_a wonder_n that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v in_o all_o age_n watch_v a_o opportunity_n of_o get_v it_o into_o their_o clutch_n the_o hill_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n which_o yield_v that_o rich_a liquor_n know_v all_o europe_n over_o by_o the_o name_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n the_o plain_n and_o valley_n afford_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o fruit_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o deer_n and_o other_o game_n the_o rhine_n pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o county_n give_v a_o fair_a advantage_n of_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o and_o import_v those_o of_o foreign_a nation_n the_o river_n rhine_n and_o neccar_n have_v store_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hill_n want_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n that_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v first_o conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o french_a of_o who_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o part_n but_o more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o moselle_n afterward_o when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lorraine_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n this_o territory_n become_v a_o share_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o be_v still_o possess_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o moselle_n as_o before_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o that_o family_n it_o fall_v under_o the_o more_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o for_o many_o good_a office_n do_v they_o be_v please_v to_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o elector_n palatine_a by_o the_o same_o mean_n they_o become_v master_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o extirpation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o schwaben_n the_o present_a elector_n palatine_n be_v count_n charles_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v bear_v on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1651_o and_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o electorate_v upon_o the_o late_a death_n of_o his_o father_n charles-ludowic_a a._n d._n 1680._o he_o be_v a_o pious_a and_o learned_a prince_n and_o tread_v much_o in_o the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n who_o possible_o be_v consider_v the_o trouble_n he_o have_v undergo_v as_o learned_a a_o prince_n as_o europe_n afford_v in_o his_o time_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n ancestor_n be_v say_v to_o have_v amount_v to_o 100000_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o imagine_v they_o to_o have_v be_v less_o when_o only_o the_o silver_n mine_n about_o amberg_n in_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n yield_v 60000_o crown_n a_o year_n and_o the_o passage_n over_o one_o bridge_n across_o the_o rhine_n bring_v in_o 20000_o more_o to_o which_o if_o
place_n spring_v out_o of_o hill_n of_o alum_n brimstone_n and_o niter_n but_o their_o water_n be_v not_o so_o hot_a here_o as_o at_o baden_n drink_a inward_o they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o cure_v asthmae_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o stoppage_n and_o shortness_n of_o breath_n as_o also_o old_a and_o inveterate_a ague_n and_o fever_n by_o wash_v and_o bathe_v they_o cure_v the_o itch_n scab_n and_o leprosy_n and_o be_v a_o excellent_a remedy_n against_o old_a sore_n and_o bruise_n rotel_n sponheim_n susenburg_n and_o mahlberg_n badenweiler_n badenweiler_n be_v place_n which_o have_v be_v former_o of_o some_o note_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o castle_n or_o palace_n of_o some_o ancient_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v borrow_a their_o title_n from_o the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hence_o the_o name_n of_o these_o old_a town_n be_v still_o register_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n but_o otherwise_o they_o have_v nothing_o worthy_a of_o a_o description_n the_o landgraviate_n of_o alsace_n alsatia_n or_o elsass_n have_v its_o name_n in_o all_o probability_n from_o the_o river_n ell_n or_o ill_n which_o run_v through_o it_o whence_o elsassen_n as_o the_o german_n call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o die_v a_o der_fw-mi elle_fw-fr sassen_n other_o wohnen_n i.e._n the_o people_n that_o dwell_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elle_fw-fr some_o i_o know_v will_v have_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o country_n to_o be_v edel-sassen_a intimate_v a_o delicate_a and_o noble_a seat_n our_o countryman_n mr._n sheringham_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o observe_v make_v this_o a_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n and_o by_o they_o call_v edel-sassen_a or_o noble_a as_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a ground_n they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o country_n be_v certain_o as_o these_o late_a etymologist_n will_v make_v it_o as_o rich_a and_o noble_a a_o province_n 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of_o the_o count_n of_o haspurge_n who_o from_o thenceforward_o be_v lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n the_o low_a alsace_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o ottingen_n who_o get_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o henry_n its_o landgrave_n without_o issue_n sell_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o strasburg_n who_o be_v like_a to_o continue_v master_n of_o it_o so_o long_o as_o the_o french_a king_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v alsatia_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a alsace_n beside_o the_o lesser_a territory_n of_o ortenaw_n brisgow_n hagenaw_n sungaw_n etc._n etc._n but_o most_o of_o these_o petty_a province_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o upper_a alsace_n and_o come_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o upper_a landgraviate_v and_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o low_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o low_a alsace_n next_o to_o strasburg_n of_o which_o anon_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o low_a alsace_n be_v zabern_n zabern_n zabern_n or_o elsasszabern_n as_o it_o be_v sometime_o call_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o two_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n one_o in_o the_o palatinate_n and_o the_o other_o in_o bergen_n it_o be_v thought_n to_o be_v the_o tabernae_n mention_v by_o antonine_n and_o marcellinus_n one_o of_o the_o old_a roman_a garrison_n demolish_v by_o the_o ancient_a german_n but_o rebuilt_a by_o julian_n the_o apostate_n the_o city_n be_v defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a rock_n up_o to_o which_o you_o be_v lead_v by_o a_o narrow_a and_o rugged_a way_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o hard_a craggy_a mountain_n by_o william_n iii_o bishop_n of_o strasburg_n this_o prelate_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v usual_o keep_v their_o residence_n at_o zabern_n where_o they_o have_v also_o erect_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o decision_n of_o all_o controversy_n arise_v within_o the_o precinct_n of_o their_o diocese_n but_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o french_a king_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v master_n of_o the_o place_n will_v employ_v the_o castle_n otherwise_o hereafter_o 2._o weissenburg_n weissenburg_n weissenburg_n be_v a_o imperial_a city_n but_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a alsace_n as_o be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o province_n of_o hagenaw_n beatus_fw-la rhenanus_fw-la say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a sebusii_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v by_o latin_a author_n sebusium_n dagobert_n king_n of_o france_n present_v this_o city_n with_o a_o crown_n of_o silver_n gild_v with_o gold_n and_o adorn_v with_o a_o great_a many_o turret_n and_o other_o flourish_n of_o art_n who_o diameter_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o foot_n in_o remembrance_n of_o which_o noble_a present_a the_o citizen_n have_v a_o crown_n of_o copper_n of_o the_o same_o bigness_n hang_v up_o in_o their_o great_a church_n which_o continue_v there_o till_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o 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rivers_n motter_n and_o sorna_n about_o four_o german_a mile_n from_o strasburg_n it_o be_v encompass_v round_o with_o a_o sandy_a soil_n and_o thick_a wood_n but_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n there_o be_v large_a and_o pleasant_a cornfield_n with_o good_a store_n of_o vineyard_n it_o have_v ancient_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o four_o chief_a village_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o indeed_o it_o may_v now_o as_o proper_o as_o ever_o be_v term_v a_o village_n since_o it_o be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o french_a force_n a._n d._n 1677_o but_o have_v in_o it_o even_o in_o those_o day_n the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o both_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a alsace_n afterward_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o wall_v it_o round_o beautify_v it_o with_o a_o fair_a palace_n wherein_o himself_o for_o some_o time_n keep_v his_o residence_n and_o make_v it_o
quarter_n be_v strike_v by_o a_o child_n with_o a_o apple_n the_o second_o by_o a_o youth_n with_o a_o arrow_n the_o three_o by_o a_o full_a age_a man_n with_o a_o tip-staff_n and_o the_o four_o by_o a_o old_a man_n with_o his_o cane_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o church_n be_v show_v the_o true_a increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n through_o all_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n for_o a_o large_a description_n of_o this_o masterpiece_n of_o art_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o treatise_n write_v on_o this_o subject_a by_o dasypodius_n schadaeus_n frischlin_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishopric_n of_o strasburg_n be_v found_v by_o king_n dagobert_n who_o make_v st._n amandus_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n of_o late_a year_n there_o have_v be_v several_a quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o bishop_n and_o citizen_n who_o to_o this_o day_n be_v unwilling_a to_o allow_v their_o prelate_n the_o jurisdiction_n that_o he_o lay_v claim_v to_o the_o armoury_n of_o this_o town_n be_v well_o worth_a the_o see_v but_o their_o university_n make_v more_o noise_n in_o the_o world_n than_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o more_o accurate_a account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o some_o part_n of_o alsace_n when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o french_a king_n conquest_n in_o the_o volume_n of_o france_n the_o dukedom_n of_o wirtemberg_n wirtemberg_n be_v a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o schwaben_n a_o country_n sufficient_o provide_v for_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n the_o mountain_n be_v full_a of_o mine_n and_o vineyard_n and_o the_o valley_n be_v well_o stock_v with_o large_a herd_n of_o cattle_n it_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n but_o so_o populous_a that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o it_o be_v say_v 63_o city_n 158_o great_a town_n 645_o village_n and_o 14_o abbey_n before_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtemberg_n be_v able_a to_o raise_v a_o army_n of_o 24000_o man_n in_o 24_o hour_n but_o that_o calamitous_a war_n lessen_v the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o province_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o prince_n of_o this_o country_n be_v ancient_o no_o more_o than_o count_n but_o raise_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o duke_n by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o worm_n a._n d._n 1495._o the_o reason_n of_o which_o advancement_n be_v the_o great_a improvement_n they_o have_v make_v of_o their_o estate_n wherein_o be_v contain_v only_o the_o castle_n of_o wirtemberg_n with_o some_o few_o village_n depend_v thereon_o when_o duke_n vlric_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o all_o his_o territory_n in_o the_o year_n 1519_o his_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v sell_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1534_o the_o duke_n be_v restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n and_o philip_n landgrave_n of_o hesse_n the_o former_a whereof_o aid_v he_o with_o money_n and_o the_o latter_a with_o man_n and_o arms._n whereupon_o he_o send_v his_o son_n christopher_n to_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o agree_v that_o the_o house_n of_o wirtemberg_n shall_v be_v again_o restore_v to_o their_o duchy_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n this_o order_n be_v observe_v till_o the_o year_n 1599_o wherein_o by_o a_o covenant_n make_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n rodolph_n ii_o and_o frideric_n i._o duke_n of_o wirtemberg_n the_o dukedom_n be_v reduce_v to_o its_o ancient_a state_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n only_o reserve_v to_o itself_o the_o title_n and_o arm_n which_o the_o emperor_n now_o bear_v of_o wirtemberg_n and_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n upon_o failure_n of_o heir_n male_a the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o place_n of_o the_o duke_n residence_n be_v stutgard_n seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neccar_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n stutgard_n signify_v proper_o a_o yard_n to_o train_v young_a horse_n in_o and_o such_o some_o antiquary_n tell_v we_o be_v former_o the_o place_n where_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v this_o story_n they_o confirm_v by_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v a_o young_a colt_n let_v loose_a but_o i_o rather_o think_v this_o only_a a_o rebus_fw-la take_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n which_o may_v possible_o have_v no_o more_o affinity_n with_o the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n than_o the_o ox_n in_o the_o arm_n of_o our_o city_n of_o oxford_n have_v with_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n the_o duke_n palace_n be_v a_o noble_a fabric_n adorn_v with_o most_o delicate_a grove_n and_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n in_o these_o you_o have_v as_o fair_a row_n of_o orange-tree_n as_o well_o contrive_v grotto_n and_o waterwork_n and_o as_o stately_a a_o pleasure-house_n as_o at_o any_o prince_n palace_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o house_n of_o private_a citizen_n fall_v short_a of_o this_o pomp_n and_o grandeur_n most_o of_o they_o be_v wooden_a building_n and_o of_o a_o very_a despicable_a height_n wirtenberg_n ducatus_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a there_o be_v also_o at_o tubingen_n a_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n wherein_o all_o controversy_n in_o case_n civil_a and_o criminal_a be_v determine_v by_o five_o of_o the_o nobility_n four_o doctor_n in_o the_o university_n and_o as_o many_o burgher_n of_o the_o town_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v a_o consistory_n of_o divine_n and_o civilian_n who_o take_v cognisance_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n the_o first_o rector_n of_o the_o university_n in_o this_o town_n be_v joh._n nauclerus_fw-la who_o historical_a work_n philip_n melancthon_n take_v great_a care_n to_o publish_v in_o the_o year_n 1500._o a_o book_n high_o commend_v by_o the_o learned_a camerarius_fw-la in_o his_o life_n of_o melancthon_n the_o only_a famous_a man_n i_o think_v who_o they_o can_v brag_v of_o for_o this_o last_o age_n be_v martin_n crufius_n and_o will._n schickard_n both_o singular_o well_o skilled_a in_o the_o oriental_a language_n beside_o these_o i_o fancy_v it_o will_v be_v as_o difficult_a to_o find_v a_o scholar_n worth_a the_o mention_v breed_v at_o tubingen_n as_o to_o meet_v with_o one_o city_n or_o great_a town_n among_o the_o hundred_o of_o that_o name_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wirtemberg_n which_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o this_o place_n the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o volume_n a_o advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n for_o the_o literal_a fault_n which_o may_v have_v escape_v the_o press_n there_o need_v no_o apology_n because_o these_o be_v neither_o so_o numerous_a nor_o so_o gross_a as_o to_o interrupt_v the_o sense_n or_o disturb_v the_o reader_n and_o some_o of_o the_o more_o material_a errata_fw-la may_v be_v excuse_v by_o consider_v the_o different_a time_n wherein_o several_a paragraph_n of_o the_o book_n seem_o contradictory_n be_v pen_v for_o example_n it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o year_n 1680_o when_o the_o six_o sheet_n be_v print_v that_o augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v administrator_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o halle_n as_o be_v say_v pag._n 21._o col._n 2._o and_o as_o true_a that_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v duke_n of_o both_o those_o place_n at_o the_o pen_n of_o pag._n 92._o some_o other_o considerable_a mistake_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o may_v be_v thus_o correct_v i._o instead_o of_o halberstadt_n pag._n 9_o col_fw-fr 2._o lin_v 9_o read_v hildesheim_n as_o in_o pag._n 51._o col_fw-fr 1._o ii_o for_o charles_n iu._n wenceslaus_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 33._o col_fw-fr 1._o lin_v 35._o read_v wenceslaus_n charles_n the_o five_o son_n etc._n etc._n since_o as_o the_o best_a german_a historian_n inform_v we_o wence_n slave_n be_v the_o first_o of_o their_o emperor_n be_v that_o have_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n confer_v on_o he_o a_o alphabetical_a index_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o country_n city_n town_n rivers_n isle_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o map_n of_o the_o second_o volume_n place_n map_n latitude_n d._n m._n longitude_n d._n m._n at_fw-fr  _fw-fr aab_n 34_o 49_o 30_o 26_o 50_o aag_n 01_o 47_o 40_o 25_o 20_o aaken_v 14_o 51_o 30_o 29_o 00_o aaihusen_n 17_o 51_o 50_o 26_o 40_o aâ—â—_n 01_o 51_o 00_o 20_o 00_o aâ—â—delost_a 14_o 51_o 35_o 29_o 30_o aâ—â—_n fl_fw-mi 38_o 46_o 00_o 23_o 40_o aâ—â—berg_n 01_o 46_o 50_o 23_o 30_o aâ—â—â—g_n 01_o 47_o 00_o 24_o 10_o aâ—â—â—w_n 38_o 47_o 00_o 24_o 20_o aâ—â—â—_n 2_o 3_o 05_o 54_o 10_o 25_o 50_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 53_o 40_o 25_o 50_o aâ—â—h_n 01_o 50_o 40_o 19_o 50_o aâ—â—ve_a fl_fw-mi 05_o 53_o 25_o 26_o 30_o aâ—â—h_n 34_o 48_o
be_v force_v at_o last_o to_o relinquish_v the_o trade_n as_o a_o employment_n which_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n quit_v labour_n and_o cost_n the_o whole_a land_n be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o wood_n and_o in_o most_o place_n the_o forest_n afford_v good_a store_n of_o venison_n though_o only_a the_o wood_n near_o tschopau_n shelter_v bear_n the_o chief_a river_n in_o this_o province_n be_v the_o elb_n rivers_n rivers_n mulda_n pleiss_n white_a and_o black_a elster_n the_o lesser_a be_v moglitz_n weiseritz_n flohe_n meisse_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o afford_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o carp_n which_o be_v as_o numerous_a and_o large_a here_o as_o in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o most_o historian_n that_o the_o misnian_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o mysi_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n a_o people_n of_o asia_n of_o who_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la flacco_fw-la give_v this_o character_n that_o they_o be_v a_o people_n so_o contemptible_o mean_a that_o to_o call_v a_o man_n mysorum_n vltimus_fw-la be_v the_o most_o opprobious_a language_n you_o can_v give_v he_o however_o the_o modern_a mysi_n or_o mysnii_n have_v no_o part_n in_o this_o character_n be_v a_o people_n of_o a_o singular_o courteous_a and_o affable_a behaviour_n nor_o be_v they_o less_o commendable_a for_o their_o delicate_a shape_n and_o neatness_n in_o clothes_n whence_o the_o german_n have_v a_o proverb_n meissner_n gleissner_n intimate_v that_o a_o misnian_a make_v the_o great_a show_n of_o any_o german_a albinus_n commend_v they_o high_o for_o chastity_n and_o probable_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o saxon_a law_n which_o punish_v adultery_n with_o death_n may_v be_v one_o grand_a inducement_n to_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o virtue_n chief_a city_n in_o misnia_n dresden_n dresden_n dresden_n the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o elector_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o fortify_v city_n on_o the_o river_n elb_n which_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o divide_v the_o old_a town_n from_o the_o the_o new_a a_o town_n which_o as_o it_o be_v probable_o guess_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o three_o lake_n von_fw-mi den_fw-mi dreyen_fw-mi see_v not_o far_o from_o it_o which_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n seem_v the_o more_o rational_a for_o that_o as_o its_o ancient_a record_n testify_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v former_o write_v dresen_fw-mi the_o new_a city_n in_o which_o stand_v the_o elector_n palace_n be_v the_o much_o more_o beautiful_a of_o the_o two_o and_o better_o fortify_v a_o place_n perhaps_o as_o well_o worth_a a_o curious_a traveller_n view_n as_o any_o town_n in_o germany_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o stone-bridge_n rarity_n rarity_n which_o unite_v the_o two_o town_n and_o for_o its_o largeness_n and_o length_n consist_v of_o seventeen_o fair_a arch_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o germany_n nor_o other_o notable_a piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o and_o about_o the_o duke_n palace_n that_o which_o most_o delight_v a_o stranger_n eye_n be_v the_o elector_n kunst-kame_a or_o chamber_n of_o rarity_n in_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o vast_a company_n of_o the_o wonder_n of_o art_n and_o nature_n i_o have_v present_v i_o by_o one_o of_o the_o late_a elector_n courtier_n a_o perfect_a catalogue_n of_o all_o the_o rarity_n in_o this_o admirable_a repository_n but_o that_o be_v too_o large_a to_o insert_v in_o this_o place_n i_o shall_v only_o at_o present_a give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a view_n of_o the_o choice_a of_o they_o in_o the_o word_n of_o the_o ingenuous_a and_o learned_a dr._n edw._n brown_n in_o the_o account_n he_o have_v publish_v of_o his_o travel_n in_o germany_n a._n d._n 1668._o in_o the_o first_o partition_n be_v to_o be_v see_v all_o manner_n of_o well_o make_v instrument_n belong_v to_o most_o trade_n as_o joiner_n turner_n barber_n smith_n surgeon_n and_o other_o artificer_n instrument_n to_o force_v open_a door_n chest_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o other_o chamber_n these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v observable_a a_o tube_n glass_n four_o ell_n long_o a_o large_a blue_a turkish_a glass_n variety_n of_o coral_n and_o artificial_a work_n of_o it_o fowl_n make_v of_o mother_n of_o pearl_n drink_v cup_n in_o the_o shape_n of_o dragon_n elephant_n etc._n etc._n castle_n of_o gold_n and_o mother_n of_o pearl_n several_a fowl_n and_o cup_n make_v out_o of_o nautili_n and_o other_o shell_n a_o fine_a oestrich_n make_v out_o of_o its_o egg_n with_o feather_n of_o gold_n a_o cup_n make_v of_o the_o ball_n take_v out_o of_o a_o ox_n stomach_n rich_o set_v about_o a_o foot_n long_o a_o stone_n as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n fist_n like_o a_o bezoar_n stone_n take_v out_o of_o a_o horse_n a_o purse_n make_v out_o of_o the_o linum_fw-la incumbustibile_fw-la silver_n over_o from_o the_o mine_n of_o freyberg_n almost_o pure_a in_o string_n and_o shoot_n a_o natural_a cross_n of_o silver_n ore_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o one_o head_n carve_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o a_o cherry-stone_n a_o religious_a man_n or_o friar_n of_o japan_n carve_v in_o box._n a_o crystal_n cabinet_n sell_v by_o oliver_n cromwell_n wherein_o be_v keep_v a_o ring_n with_o stone_n in_o it_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o castle_n his_o present_a majesty_n of_o england_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o on_o horseback_n carve_v in_o iron_n a_o head_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o a_o glass_n organ_n topaz_n unpolished_a ten_o inch_n in_o diameter_n a_o cup_n out_o of_o a_o topaz_n emerald_n a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n as_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o rock_n resemble_v the_o vitriolum_fw-la nativum_fw-la thunder-stone_n smell_v of_o fire_n rock_n make_v out_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o ore_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v dig_v write_v upon_o they_o the_o figure_n of_o fish_n in_o stone_n out_o of_o mansfeld_n the_o stone_n be_v dark_a colour_v but_o the_o fish_n of_o a_o gold_n or_o copper_n colour_n see_v more_o of_o these_o stone_n in_o the_o description_n we_o have_v give_v the_o reader_n of_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeld_n all_o sort_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o saxony_n and_o misnia_n polish_a two_o large_a piece_n of_o pure_a virgin_n gold_n out_o of_o the_o mine_n a_o hart_n with_o a_o cabinet_n in_o his_o side_n contain_v all_o medicine_n take_v from_o a_o hart._n a_o white_a hart_n as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n make_v out_o of_o the_o shave_n and_o file_n of_o hartshorn_n look_v like_o plaster_n figure_n print_v in_o tree_n a_o spur_n in_o part_n of_o a_o tree_n horn_n in_o tree_n beside_o these_o duâ—â—â—_n duâ—â—â—_n and_o some_o other_o rarity_n of_o less_o note_n the_o forementioned_a author_n take_v particular_a notice_n of_o the_o picture_n of_o all_o the_o duke_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n both_o in_o their_o military_a and_o electoral_a habit_n among_o who_o he_o may_v have_v observe_v the_o lively_a portraiture_n of_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n draw_v questionless_a according_a to_o the_o description_n give_v of_o they_o by_o some_o of_o our_o romantic_a english_a historian_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o historical_a account_n of_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o each_o particular_a elector_n we_o have_v already_o give_v a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n down_o as_o far_o as_o henry_n the_o lion_n in_o the_o description_n of_o those_o territory_n which_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n upon_o the_o depose_n of_o that_o prince_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n bernhard_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n son_n of_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v make_v elector_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o 2._o albert_n his_o son_n from_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o lawenburg_n derive_v their_o pedigree_n after_o he_o come_v 3._o albert_n the_o second_o son_n of_o his_o predecessor_n 4._o rodolph_n i._n albert_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 5._o rodolph_n ii_o son_n of_o rodolph_n the_o first_o 6._o winceslaus_fw-la son_n of_o rodolph_n the_o second_o 7._o rodolph_n iii_o son_n of_o winceslaus_fw-la 8._o albert_n iii_o son_n of_o rodolph_n the_o three_o the_o last_o duke_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n of_o that_o family_n upon_o the_o failure_n of_o this_o line_n and_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o lawenburg_n to_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o electorate_v frideric_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n be_v create_v duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o elector_n by_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o title_n return_v again_o to_o the_o family_n of_o wittikind_a king_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n from_o which_o it_o have_v be_v alienate_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n from_o this_o frideric_n be_v derive_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o present_a elector_n down_o to_o this_o day_n in_o