506. C. power well others wanting all modesty immeasurably oppressed such as were under them [7.] Ibid. Gul. Pict 209. B. He takes the Chief English Noblemen as Hostages with him To leave all safe behind him he carried over as Hostages Arch-Bishop Stigand Agelnoth Abbat of Glastonbury the three Earls Edwin Morchar and Waltheof (f) * Fol. 506. C. Ordericus Strapa Cantuariensis the Governor Earl or Lieutenant of Canterbury or Kent Hoveden somewhere calls him Regis Haraldi Stallarius Master of the Horse or Standard-Bearer to Harald Egelnod and others of the highest and chiefest Nobility and Bishops [8.] Gul. Pict 211. C. D. And keeps his Easter or Triumphal Feast at Fecamp An. Do. 1067. The Beauty of the English envied The rich Habits of the Conqueror and his Guards The Feast of Easter he Celebrated at (g) Now Fischamp or Fecamp in Caux upon the Coast of Normandy between Havre de Grace and Diepe Fiscann Abby dedicated to the Holy Trinity whither came the great Earl Rodulph Father in Law to the King of France and much French Nobility who with the Normans curiously viewing the English envied their Beauties which were not inferior to the Grace and Comeliness of Women and observing the Garb of the King and his Guards so richly embroidered with Gold they esteemed all the Habits of Men they had ever seen before vile and mean in respect of them they also admired the Silver and Gold Vessels concerning the number largeness and gracefulness of which incredible things might truly have been reported [9.] Ibid. 212. A. B C.D. The two Vicegerents behave themselves justly In the mean while things were very well ordered in the Refectures or several Governments of Odo Bishop of Baieux and William Fitz-Osbern who acted severally or jointly assisting each other as occasion required and used great Justice as the King had advised them but the English neither by fear or favour could be kept quiet who taking an opportunity especially they of Kent of the absence of Odo and Hugh Montfort with the greatest part of the Soldiers from Dover beyond the Thames sent to Eustachius Earl of Bulloign Eustachius Earl of Bulloigne and the Kentish-Men attempt Dover Castle and are beaten off or retire then the Kings Enemy and invited him to join with them in the surprizal of Dover Castle he agreed with them in the Design and passed over to them in the dead of the night with a Fleet of chosen Soldiers and joining with them assaulted the Castle but finding the Defendants resolute and more than were expected he drew off retired with his Men to his Ships and departed He is reconciled to the King afterwards he was reconciled to the King and was Honoured as one of the greatest Personages about him About this time (h) He was * Seldens Tit. Hon. Earl of Northumberland Coxo a great and powerful English Earl was killed by his own People Earl Coxo slain by his own Men. for standing firm to William and not Arming against him with his English Friends and Relations [1.] 507. D. 508. A. B. Ordericus Vitalis gives another account of the behaviours of the Normans and the two Vice-gerents who says the English were mightily oppressed by their Pride and Insolencies The English mightily oppressed by the Normans and that the lesser Governors of Castles and Places of Strength did vex and abuse the noble and middle sort of Natives with great Exactions and many Contumelies and especially Odo and William Fitz-Osbern who elated with too much haughtiness Thâ—ir Complaints refused They Consult to regain their Liberty refused to hear the Complaints of the English to do them right and by force defending their own Soldiers spoiling the English and ravishing their Women The English therefore deprived of their Liberty are mightily troubled and consult with one another how they should shake off this Yoke and thus provoked they apply themselves to (i) Besides Bulloinge he was Earl of [1.] Ord. vit 508. D. Guinet and Tarvena Eustachius Earl of Bulloinge c. as in the former Relation [2.] Ibid. 509. B. C. D. Eustachius Earl of Bulloing joyns with them William returns and brings with him Roger Montgomery The Conqueror having settled his Affairs in Normandy left the Government thereof to his Wife Maud and his Son Robert with the assistance of his Bishops and Great Men and hearing of the Contrivances of the English and Danes against him he came to Diepe on the Sixth of December and that night passed over to Winchelsea and brought with him (k) He was Son to Hugh de Monte Gomerico by Jocelius Daughter of Weva Sister to Gunnora and Turolf her Husband he Married Mabil the Daughter and Heir of William de Belesine by whom he had five Sons whereof Robert de Belesino a Castle in Perche succeeded him in his Mothers Inheritance Roger Montgomery whom with his Wife he had left Governor of Normandy upon his Expedition into England to him he gave Chichester and Arundel and some time afterwards the Earldom of Shrewsbury He keeps his Christmass at London Cajoles and flatters the English Nobility and likewise the Welsh He kept his Christmass at London where he Treated the English Bishops and Nobility with much Craft Officiousness and Flattery he granted what they asked and readily heard what they offered to him with the like Art he cajoled the Welsh but withal privately directed the English to be prepared to resist their Crafts and Treacheries all Cities and Countries where he had been and placed Garisons readily obeyed the West and North parts only gave him Disturbance and first [3.] Ibid. 510. A. B. C. D. Exceter stands out against him Exceter refused to Swear Fealty and to admit the Conqueror or his Forces into the City but would have paid Tribute with which he was not satisfied sending to them and letting them know he was not wont to have such Subjects and presently brought his Army before them placing the English in the Front The Chief of those within the City came out to meet him * Gemet lib. 8. c. 37. having notice of his approach desire Peace and promise to do what ever he commanded and presently Hostages for performance are brought such and as many as the King thought fit In the mean time the ordinary Citizens refuse to give up the City whereupon he Commands his Army to move near unto it where before the Gate one of the Hostages by his Order had his Eyes put out then battering the Walls and undermining them they within beg his Pardon and Mercy which he readily gives by the Mediation of the Chief of them and the Clergy who went out to him It submits humbly submitting themselves and confessing the guilt of the People all things were forgotten as if never done The Citizens pardoned and enjoy their Estates and their Goods secured to the Citizens from the Violence of the Soldiers by
Ibid. c. 50. should have her Nose and Ears cut-off 5. That a Widdow marrying within twelve months after her Husbands Death should lose her joynture and Dowry Ibid. c. 71. Cnute not long before he died appointed his eldest Son Swane Hoveden 251. a A. D. 1035. Cnute dies and disposeth his Kingdoms to his Sons by his first Wife (y) By most Writers reported to have been a Concubine she was Daughter to a Mercian Noble-man who is said to have been Earl of Northampton Elgiva to be King of Norway and his second Son (z) Others say he was elected King Ingulph Hist 509. a. and some that he was King only of the North parts of England and Harde Cnute of the South parts Harold by the same Woman to be King of England and Harde-Cnute his Son by Emme King of Danemarke This year he died in November at Shaftsbury and was buried at Winchester Harold according to some being chosen King by the Danes and Londoners Harold Hunt 209. a. whilst Earl Godwin and the English would have had for their King one of the Sons of Ethelred or Harde-Cnute the Son of Cnute but their attempt was in vain Malms l. 2. c 12 not being equal either in number or force to the Abettors of Harold and therefore he injoyed the Crown which was given to him by his Father A. D. 1036. as it is said in Hoveden before-cited however he came to be so King he was and innocent Elfred Elfred and many Normans slain a younger Son of Emme by Ethelred coming out of Normandy to visit his Mother then being at Winchester Harold Harde-Cnute Danes A. D. 1036. as 't is storied was by Earl Godwin and others by order of Harold together with many Normans that came to accompany him slain his Mother Emme not thinking her self safe here much grieved for the death of her Son cruelly murthered Hoved. 251. Emme flies to Baldwin Earl of Flanders went to Baldwin Earl of Flanders who received her honourably and assigned Brugis for the place of her abode where she remained three years whither her Son Harde-Cnute came out of Danemarke to visit her Malmsb. ibid. Hunting ibid. Hoved. 251. b. Harold dies Ibid. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1040. in the mean while having done nothing memorable Harold dies at Oxford some say London and was buried at Westminster Florence of Worcester says they divided the Kingdom of England by Lot and that the North part fell to Harold and the South to Harde-Cnute who was rejected because he came not out of Danemarke when sent for so soon as was expected and therefore Harold was elected King over all England A. D. 1035 1037. fol. 622. Harde-Cnute both English and Danes make him their King After his death all the Nobility both Danes and English sent to Brugis to Harde-Cnute to come and be their King the Children of Ethelred being neglected and post-poned for the easiness and ill fortune of their Father he arrives with sixty Ships manned with Danes and was of all People received with great applause but during his short Reign did nothing worthy a King save that he treated his half Brother Edward and his Mother Emme who came to him out of Normandy He laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation Ibidem At which Worcestershire People tumult very kindly and honourably he laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation for the payment of eight Marks to every Rower and twelve Marks to every Officer in his Fleet this caused the People to tumult and at Worcester the Country People and Citizens killed two of his Domestick Servants which he sent to gather his Tax but he chastised them severely for that Fact for he sent thither Leofric Earl of Mercia Godwin Earl of West-Saxony Siward Earl of Northumberland Their City and Country is burnt and plundered Ib. A.D. 1042. He dies suddenly c. who plundered and burnt the City and wasted all the Country when he had reigned about two years he died suddenly while he was drinking at a Nuptial Feast at Lambeth where Osgod a great Danish Lord had married his Daughter to Prudan another Potent Dane Edward the Confessor A. D. 1043. His Descent Edward commonly called the Confessor the eldest Son of Ethelred by Emme and half Brother to Edmund Ironside Son also of Ethelred by a former Wife being in England at the death of his half Brother Harde-Cnute was in a great straight not knowing what to do and thinking to retire into Normandy [1.] Malms de Gest R. R. l. 2. c. 13. fol. 45. a. n. 10. He applies himself to Earl Godwin applied himself to Earl Godwin who gave him other advice minds him whose Son he was and what great probability there was of his being King and withall promiseth his assistance upon Conditions to be agreed on between them Edward urged by necessity promiseth to make good all he asked Then a Council being called at London Godwin being very eloquent and powerful in perswading so prevailed in this Assembly that by the consent of almost all present He is declared King he was made King and [2.] Hoveden 252. a. crowned at Winchester anointed by Edsi Archbishop of Canterbury and Alfric Archbishop of York in the presence of almost all the Bishops of England And not long after by advice of the Earls Leofric Godwin Edward the Confessor of the Saxon Race A. D. 1043. and Siward he seized and took from his Mother Emmâ— all her Gold Silver Jewels and Treasure The reason assigned is that she was very hard and sparing towards him in the time of his Exile he married the Daughter of Earl Godwin by name Edith or Edgith Hor. Worcest He takes away Jewels and Treasury from his Mother Emme He Marries Earl Godwin's Daughter Edgith Malms ut sup Her Beauty Learning and Modesty as he had promised She was no ways like her Father or Brothers but was very beautiful learned humble and modest [3.] Histor Croy. 509. a. n. 30.40 50. Edward much addicted to the French Modes and Customâ— Ibidem Ingulph reports he saw her often when he went to Court to see his Father who lived there and coming from School was often met by her and opposed solidly and smartly not only in Grammar but in Logick The same Historian there saith that though Edward was born in England yet having had his Education in Normandy he was almost become a French man and calling many from thence both Laies and Religious preferred them to great Offices and Dignities The chief amongst them were Robert a Monk whom he made first Bishop of London and then Archbishop of Canterbury and William his Chaplain whom he made Bishop of Dorchester with other Military men which he placed upon the Borders to defend them against the Welch Then the English under this King and the Normans which he brought in began to lay aside the English Rites and Customs and in many
things to imitate the French Ibid. b. n. 10. And the English according to his Example they speak French and imitate their Vsages and are ashamed of their own the chief and great men to speak French in their Courts and Houses as a great piece of State and Breeding to make their Charters Deeds and Writings after the French manner ashamed of their own Usages and Customs in these and many other things [4.] Ibidem A. D. 1051. fol. 510. a.n. 50. He remits the Tax called Dane-geld About the eighth year of his Reign there being a great Scarcity and Famine he then remitted for ever the Tax called Dane-geld it having been continued eight and thirty years from the first time that it was paid by Ethelred to King Swane The English began [5.] Malmsb ut sup n. 40.50 The English murmur at the Preferment of the Normans to murmur at the Preferments of the Normans and took it ill that Strangers should injoy such places of Trust and Dignity on the contrary the Normans stomached the English defended themselves and [6.] Ibidem They calumniate the English especially Godwin and his Sons f. 46. a. n. 40 50 calumniated them especially (b) This mighty Earl was a Cow-heards Son advanced by Cnute whose Sister he had married she being dead he married a second Wife says Malmsbury but of what Stock not known by her he had six Sons [8.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1051. Flor. of Worcest the same year fol. 1627. Swane Harold Wulnoth Tosti Girth Leofwin he himself was Earl of Kent the South and West-Saxons Sussex Hampshire Dorsetshire Devonshire and Cornwall Swane was Earl of Oxfordshire Berkeshire Gloucestershire Herefordshire and Somersetshire Harold was Earl of Essex Suffolk Norfolk Cambridge and Huntingtonshires Wulnoth and Hacun Son of Swane were Hostages with William Earl of Normandy for Godwin's good behaviour towards King Edward after Siward's death Tosti was made Earl of Northumberland and Girth and Leofwin possessed other places Godwin and his Sons That they were insolent toward the King and his Friends and usurped an equal share in the Government that they trisled with and abused the King's honest Intentions and Simplicity and made Jests on him Edward the Consessor A. D. 1051. These Factions and Animosities at Court were notably heightned by the following Accident [7.] Ib. b. n. 20. Eustace Earl of Bulloigne comes to visit King Edward Vpon his return one of his Herbingers quarrels with a Townsman of Dover or Canterbury and is slain Eustace and his Followers kill 21 of his Townsmen Eustace the Elder Earl of Balloigne who had married Goda Sister by the Fathers side to King Edward came into England to visit him and returning homeward at Canterbury as some report at Dover as others one of his Herbingers unadvisedly quarrelled with a Townsman or Citizen about Lodgings he was to take up for his Master and Retinue was by him slain the Earl to revenge his Servant's death and his Followers kill several of the Townsmen they flocking together for their own defence assault Eustace and his People and slay one and twenty of them he immediately posts to Court and makes his complaint to the King of the Injuries received who being incensed and the Master aggravated by the Norman Courtiers Godwin was (c) Florence of Worcester reports That Godwin being much moved and very angry that such things were done in his County or Government he and his Sons in their several Counties raised a mighty Army of which the King taking notice and being affrighted sent to Leofric and Siward to come to him being in great danger with what Forces they could raise c. A. D. 1051. fol. 627. sent for and commanded to march into Kent with an Army and punish the People of Canterbury or Dover who had likewise made their Complaints Complaints on both sides come to the King Godwin is commanded to punish the People of Canterbury or Dover He refuseth unless both parties were heard and represented their Case to him as their Earl he troubled to see Strangers more favoured by the King than Natives advised him first to summon the Chief men of the Town into his Court and charge them with Sedition where both Parties might be heard that if found in fault they might by Fine or loss of Life satisfie the King whose Peace they had broken and the Count whom they had injured or if otherwise they might be acquitted until this were done he refused to punish by Hostile Force and unheard those of his own Country which by his Office he was rather bound to defend He is summoned to answer his refusal before the Peers The King not pleased with his refusal ordered an Assembly of the Peers at Gloucester where the matter might be fully debated thither came the two great and famous Earls Leofric of the Mercians and Siward of the Northumbrians and all the Nobility of England except [9.] Malms de Gest R. R. fol. 45. b. n. 40. Godwin comes with an Army Godwin who suspected his own Cause or the Violence of his Adversaries with his two Sons Swane and Harold came with a great Army raised in his own and their Earldoms under pretence of subduing the Welch the King knowing of his arming Leofric and Siward at the King's request oppose him desired the assistance of Leofric and Siward who raising the force of their Countries checked Godwin's design who not knowing of this force boldly demanded [1.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1051. Eustace and his Followers the King delayed him with fair answers until the Mercians and Northern men advanced who were eager of fighting But Leofric and the more wise men interposed between the King and Godwin that Hostages given on both sides the cause should be again debated at London whither the King and Lords coming with their Army send for Godwin and his Sons who with their Forces were come to Southwark Servitium militum Quos per Angliam habebant Regi contradere Malmsb. f. 56. a. Lin. 1. Godwin and his Sons banished commanding their appearance with twelve Attendants only they refuse to appear before their Adversaries without Hostages yet deny not to disband their Souldiers or consign or make over their Service to the King or in any thing else to obey the King that might be agreeable to their Honour and Safety this answer not satisfying the King Godwin and his Sons by Edict within five days was to depart the Land who perceiving his numbers falling off readily obeyed and with his Wife Gytha and three Sons Swane Edward the Confessor A. D. 1052. Tosti and Girth passed over into Flanders to Earl Baldwin whose Daughter Judith [2.] Brompt col 943. Edward sends his Queen into a Nunnery Tosti had married his Sons Harold and Leofwin taking Ship at Bristol passed over into Ireland They depart into Flanders Edward pursuing his anger against Godwin put away his Wife Edith his Daughter and
Thomas in the Archbishoprick for there never was one of that name Archbishop but was his Antecessor in the Possession of the Soke of these ten Bovates of Land which Soke was Mortgaged or the Gage assigned to the Archbishop who was a Norman for three Pounds Ibidem Clamores in North-Treding Lincoliae In Limberge Clamat Ivo Tallebose super Regem vi Boxat Terrae Dicunt homines Comitatus quod ipse debet habere Terram Rex socam Very many more Pleas there are of Titles and for the Possession of Estates of different sorts before the Counties Hundreds Wapentacks Tredings or Trihings in the Conqueror's Survey but all between Normans and Normans or those and King William or between Bishops Religious and Ecclesiasticks and the King or Lay Normans who had seized Church-Lands and no Pleas of Titles between English Saxons or between them unless they were Church-men or Religious and Normans Nor no such fabulous Pleas as the pretended Plea of Sharnburn of which more afterwards From the Time of the Conqueror A Writ from William Rufus for assembling the County we proceed to the Reign of William Rufus and in the very beginning of it we find this Writ or Precept directed to the Sheriff of Northamptonshire [1.] Spelm. Gloss verb. Tain-land ex lib. de Rams Sect. 178. Willielmus Rex Angliae W. de * A Norman who came in with Conqu vid. Cataloge Cahaniis salutem Praecipio tibi ut facias convenire Shiram de Hamtonâ judicio ejus cognosce si Terra de Isham reddidit firmam Monachis Sancti Benedicti tempore patris mei si ita inventum fuerit si in Dominio Abbatis sit vero Tainlanda tunc fuisse invenietur qui eam tenet de Abbate teneat recognoscat Quod si noluerit eam Abbas in Dominio habeat vide ne clamor inde amplius ad nos redeat Teste (l) This was William de Carile former Bishop of Duresm and [4.] Malms de Gestis Reg. fol. 67. b. n. 30. Justiciary of England in the beginning of Rufus his Reign W. Episcopo Dunelm There is also another Precept of this King cited by the same learned Sir [2.] Glossar fol. 303. col 1. A Trihing Court Henry Spelman which runs thus Willielmus Rex Anglorum H. Camerario salutem facias convenire consedere tres Hundredas dimid apud (m) The place where the Hundred of Freebridge citra Lynn in Norfolk used to meet Flicchamburch propter Terram illam de Holm quae pertinet ad Ringstedam quam Abbas Ramesiae clamat ad victum vestitum Monachorum suorum si Abbas poterit respondere ratione Testimonio comprovincialium quod Antecessor illius eandem terram habuerit eâ die quâ pater meus fuit vivus mortuus Tunc praecipio ut illam Terram omnia quae justè pertinent ad Abbatiam suam pacificè honorificè habeat Teste (n) Roger Bigod was then neither Chancellor nor Justiciary of England but Earl of Norfolk in which County the Plea was held R. Bigod apud Wendesoriam To these may be added a Charter of Henry the First A Charter of Henry the First for holding County and Hundred Assemblies for the holding of County and Hundred Meetings published [5.] Glossar fol. 302. col 2. by the same Author Henricus Rex Anglorum (o) He was a Norman and Canon of Baieux made Bishop of [1.] Godw. de praes An. f. 509. Worcester 1097. Samsoni Episcopo (p) He is sometimes called Vrso de [2.] Doomes in Wircestreshire Wirecestre and sometimes Vrso [3.] Dugd. Baron f. 406. c. 2. Urso Vice-comes Vice-comes he being Hereditary Sheriff of Worcestershire came in with the Conqueror and had forty Hides of Land in Worcestershire besides two Lordships in Warwickshire and one in Glocestershire Vrsoni de Abitot omnibus (q) Barones here [4.] Vid. Spel. Gloss verbo Baro. are to be understood Milites such as held by Military-Service or Barones Minores Lords of Towns or Manners or perhaps Free-holders which if any then they were of better account before Town-ships Manners and Lands were parcelled but into small Divisions Baronibus Francis Anglicis de Wircestrescira salutem Sciatis quod concedo praecipio ut amodo comitatus mei [5.] Godw. de praes An. p. 233 Hundreda in illis locis eisdem Terminis sedeat sicut sederunt in Tempore Regis Edvardi non aliter Ego enim quando voluero faciam ea satis summoneri propter mea dominica necessaria ad voluntatem meam Et si quando exurgat placitum de divisione Terrarum Si interest (r) Noble men the King's Barons such as held immediately of him Barones meos Dominicos tractetur placitum in curiâ mâ—â si inter s Vavasores duorum Dominorum tractetur in comitatu hoc duello fiat nisi in eis remanserit Et volo praecipio ut omnes de comitatu eant ad comitatum Hundreda sicut fecerunt T. R. E. nec ramaneant propter aliquam causam pacem meam vel quietudinem here wants non habebunt I guess qui non sequuntur placita mea Judicia mea sicut tunc Temporis fecissent Teste R. (t) Richard de Beaumes a Norman consecrated 5. 1108. Episcopo Londinensi R. Episcopo Ranulpho Cancellario R. Comite de Mellent apud Radinge Henry the First reserves a Power for his own business to convâ—ne the County or Hundred at pleasure And reserves the Controversies of his great Barons to his own Court Here Henry the First reserves a Power of convening the Hundred and County when he pleased for his own proper Business And also reserves the Controversies of the great Barons that held immediately of him to be agitated in his own Court permitting the Trials between the Vavasors or greater Tenents of two mean Lords to the County This method of deciding Controversies and Variances was in use in Henry the Second's Reign as appears by this [6.] Dugd Orig Jurisd fol. 23. col 2. Writ (u) He was * Gul. Pictav 202. c. Son of Roger de Bellomont [6.] Gemet 3â—2 A. B. Robert Earl of Leicester who he was Grandson to Turolf of Pont Adomar by Weva Sister to Gunnora first Concubine then Wife to Richard the First Duke of Normandy Great Grandfather to the Conqueror Robertus comes Legecestriae priori de Ely Salutem Praecipio quod sine dilatione teneas plenum rectum Humfrido filio Gaufridi de terrâ Dunnigeland nisi sit feodum Militis nisi remaneat pro Assiza Regis Et nisi feceris Episcopus de Ely faciat nisi fecerit ego faciam Here the Earl of Leicester commands the Prior of Ely to do the Demandment right in his Court which was probably a Court Baron if not the Bishop should in his Superior
words of Art in that Profession After Sir Edward Coke as he thought had thus established his Opinion of the Antiquity of our Laws by Record he renews his Discourse upon this Subject in his Prefaces to his sixth eighth and ninth Parts of his Reports but chiefly in the two last and prosecutes his Arguments upon his second Topick from History which shall be considered in the Answer to a Book Intitled Argumentum Antinormanicum where they are all repeated and therefore on purpose passed over in this place William the First COMMONLY CALLED The Conqueror [1.] Dudo de moribus actis Normannor fol. 63. B.C. THE Danes and Norwegians under Hastings or Anstings their former Leader having harassed and wasted a great part of France with Fire and Sword [2.] Ibid. 66. B. C. the French and their King especially wearied with his Ravages and Cruelties make Peace with him pay him Tribute and allow some part of their Country for an Habitation to him and his Followers [3.] Ibid. 75. D. An. Dom. 876. do now again under the Conduct of Rollo at the [4.] Ib. 76. C. Instigation of Hastings come with their Fleet out of the River (a) Scaldis or the Scheld a River running through Brabant and Flanders and passing by the Borders of Haynault upon which Antwerp Ghent Oudenard and Toâ—â—naye are seated Scheld into the Mouth of the River (b) Sequana or the River Seyn running through the Isle of France and falling into the Brittish Sea upon which Paru and Rhoan are seated Seyn to whom Franco Arch-Bishop of Roan with his whole Country sent for Protection and submitted By this means having here a place of settlement he Invaded the other parts of France and attempts [5.] Ib. 79. b. Paris Rollo comes into the River Seyn Arch-Bishop Franco begs his Protection and assisted with [6.] Ibidem English and other People that resorted to him often defeats the French and became so formidable that Charles the Simple at the [7.] Ibid. 81. D. 82. A. Instance of his People and [8.] Ib 83. c D. 79. b. The King of France gives Rollo Normandy Advice of Franco aforesaid made a Composition with them and gave to Rollo all the Land from the Rivers (c) Epta or Iâ—ta a small River upon which Gisors Gurnay and Bray are seated which falls into the Seyn between Varnon and la Roche Guion Epta to the Sea then called Neustria now Normandy from these Northern Men which because it was then almost wast uncultivated and unpeopled and the Corn and Cattle destroyed he gave him also Brittany for their present support that from thence they might take all Necessaries to sustain them and likewise his Daughter Gisla to Wife [9.] Ib. 79. B. He is Baptized An. Dom. 912. upon Condition he would turn Christian which he did accordingly and was [1.] Ib. 84. C. And his whole Army Baptized by Franco and named Robert by his Godfather Robert Duke of France the Kings Brother and afterwards caused all his great Commanders Soldiers and whole Army to be instructed in the Christian Faith and Baptized [2.] Ibid. 85. A.B. He shares his Land gives some part first to the Church Will. Roberts Bastard Before he measured out his Land which was done with a Rope or String and gave Shares of it to his chief Companions and others of his faithful People he gave some part of it to the chief Churches in Normandy which he repaired and new built as also the Walls of his Cities and Fortresses From this Rollo in a direct Line Robert was the Sixth Duke of Normandy to whom [3.] Gemetic lib. 8. c. 3. William was Natural and only Son by Herleva or Herlotta his Concubine Daughter of Fulbers his Chamberlain or Groom of his Chamber Robert out of [4.] Orderic vital fol. 459. Devotion against the mind of his People Robert goes to Jerusalem going to visit the Sepulchre of Christ at Jerusalem [5.] Gemâ—t lib. 6. c. 12. D. called together the Arch-Bishop and other the great Men of his Dukedom and caused them to do Homage and Swear Fealty to his young Son then about Eight years old as their future Prince and Lord appointing [6.] Malmsb degest reg fol. 53. b. 30. Gilbert Earl of [7.] Gemet lib. 6. c. 11. He leaves his Son and Tutor to the Care of the King of France Oâ— his Governor committed them both to the Care and Protection of Henry the First King of France and afterwards in his return from the Holy Land died at [8.] Ibid. c. 13. An Dom. 1035. Robert dies Nice in Bithynia After his death many near to to the Dukedom of his Fathers Relations Conspired against him [9.] Ibid. lib. 7. c. 2. privately killed his Tutors and Governors and endeavoured to take from him the Dukedom for that he was a Bastard which then in France was not esteemed a sufficient Bar to the Inheritance of Princes especially if according to the Canon Law they Married their Concubine (d) Thierry or Theoderic [1.] Vales rerum Franc. Tom. 1. fol. 320 321. Bastard of Clovis had for his Share with his Lawful Children Anstrasie now Lorrainge c. [2.] Ib. Tom. 3. fol. 88.113 Sigibert Natural Son of King Dagobert had Anstrasie as his Share also of France with his Lawful Son Clovis 12. with many such Examples in other Nations for before that time many had succeeded their Fathers in this and other Countries as if they had been lawfully begotten others openly invaded the Title and waged War for the Dukedom His Tutors privately Murthered The first of whom was [1.] Gemet lib. 7. c. 3. Roger de Toney Arms against William Roger de (e) In most of our Historians he is called Roger de Tresuye Toenio Standard-bearer in all Normandy a Descendent from Malahulcins Uncle to Rollo the first Duke thereof and an Adventurer with him in the Acquest of it Bastardy was no bar to the Inheritance of Princes he returning out of Spain where he had performed many great things against the Saracens and finding William a Child to succeed his Father in the Dukedom was much displeased and scorned to serve him saying a Bastard ought not to Command him or the Normans Combined with others who Conspired against William and enters the Territory of Humphid (f) He was Son of Turulf de Ponte Audomari by Wera [3.] Gemet lib. 8. c. 37. Sister to Gunnora a Forresters Daughter first Concubine and then Wife to Richard first Duke of Normandy Osbern de Bolebec Mâ—rried another Sister of Gunnors by whom he had Walter Giffard made * Orderic vital 522. c. Earl of Buckingham by the Conqueror From these two Sisters of Gunnor and her Brother Herfasâ—us sprang many of the * Gemet ubi supra great Men of Normandy and afterwards of England the Fliz-Osberns Mortimers Giffards Warrens Montgomeries Gournay
the Twenty ninth year of his Reign this King [3.] Huntingd. f. 220. a. n. 10 20. The punishment of Priests permitted to the King He Compounds with them for the enjoyment of their Wives and Concubines Kiâ—g Henry's Taxations held a great Council on the First of August for the prohibiting of Priests to make use of their Wives or Concubines in which the Bishops and Clergy by the easiness of William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury granted to the King the Correction and Mulcts of the Priests for this Transgression He makes his advantage of it and upon Composition and a yearly payment permits them to enjoy their Wives and Concubines and by this means raised saith Huntingdon an infinite Sum of Money The extraordinary Taxations of this King are not particularly noted nor is it said how they were imposed In the Fourth year of his Reign [4.] Fol. 652. An. Do. 1104. Florence of Worcester says it was not easie to declare what misery England suffered by reason of the Kings Exactions In the Sixth year of his [5.] Eadm fol. 83. n. 30 40. Reign his Impositions were general and cruel according to Eadmers report and besides other rigorous Exactions from the Clergy he set a particular Sum upon every Parish Church and forced the Incumbent to pay it or according to the Historian to redeem the Church In the Eighth year of his Reign he had for the [6.] Hen. Hunt f. 217. b. n 10. Marriage of his Daughter Maude to the Emperor Henry the Fifth three Shillings of every Hide of Land in England which upon a just value at this day would be equal to 824850 l. In the Sixteenth year by reason of the Kings necessities England was oppressed with [7.] Ibidem f. 218. a. l. 6. Paris f. 67. lin 3. frequent and various Payments and Exactions I find no Scutage paid unless it were comprehended under Gelds and Exactions No doubt but it was often paid especially by such as did not accompany the King in his several Expeditions being summoned and sometimes also as an Aid at other times Besides his extraordinary Exactions if there be any credit to be given to the Laws attributed to this King or that are said to be in use in his time he had a constant annual Land Tax which is there called Danegeld of Twelve pence upon very (m) This Hidage or Danegeld was at first collected to hire Soldiers to repell the Danish Pirats upon their Landing Hidage or Danegeit what it was as it is said in the [1.] LL. Ed. C. 11. Laws attributed to Edward the Confessor But Florence of Worcester says more truly [2.] Flor. Wig. An. Do. 991. Ibid. in the same years that it was paid as a Composition and Tribute to the Danes that they might desist from their Rapines Burnings and killing of Men upon and near the Sea Coasts and for to have a firm Peace with them and that the first Payment made and Money given was 10000 l. in the year 991. In the year 994. they received 16000 l. Tribute in the year 1002. 24000 l. in the year 1007. 36000 l. in 1012. 48000 l. in 1014. 30000 l. in the year 1018. 72000 l. of all England and 10500 l. of London In this Kings Reign [3.] Lib. Nigr. in Scaccario Tit. 19. The price of Victuals in this Kings Reign Wheat to make Bread for One hundred Men one day was valued at one Shilling a Ram or Sheep at four Pence and the Allowance or Hay and Provender for twenty Horses one day at four Pence So that if we set things at twenty times the value now they were then that is that one Shilling or Groat then would buy as much as twenty Shillings or Groats will now and go as far in ordinary Expences which is no hard Account it follows that every 10000 l. then must be equal to 200000 l. In the time of the Heptarchy there were in England [4.] Cambd. Brit. f. 114. South of Humber 244400 Hides of Land bâ—sides what was in Wales and perhaps Cornwall and the five Counties beyond Humber Yorkshire Bishoprick of Durham Westmorland Cumberland Northumberland and part of Lancashire which at one Shilling per Hide amounts to 12220 l. which multiplied by twenty produceth 244400 l. and then allow the five Counties and part of Lancacashire to be the eighth part of the Nation Wales excluded there ought to be added 30550 l. more which makes the annual Tax of Hidage then at one Shilling per Hide equal to 274950 l. now Hide to be paid at certain Terms and a forfeiture set upon such as did not duely pay it Henry the First his Issue 1. HIS Lawful Issue by Maude of Scotland was only one Son named William who was drowned as aforesaid and died without Issue 2. One Daughter commonly called Maude the Empress because first Married to Hen. 5 th the Emperor Her second Husband was Geofry (n) Plantagenet or Plantagenist that is Planta genestae or Broom Plant Plantagenet the reason of the name because he wore in his Cap or Bonet a Sprig of Broom Plantagenet Earl of Anjou by whom she had Henry the Second King of England and two other Sons [3.] Chron. Norm 994. A. Geofry and [4.] Ibidem 999. C. William that died without Issue His Natural Children 1. RObert created Earl of Gloucester in the Ninth of Henry the First by [5.] Geneal Hist of the Kings of England fol. 45. Nesta Daughter of Rhees ap Tewdor Prince of South Wales 2. Richard begotten of the [6.] Ibidem fol. 30. Widow of one Anskil a Nobleman in Oxfordshire he was drown'd with Prince William his half Brother 3. Reynald created Earl of Cornwall in the Fifth of King Stephen was begotten of [7.] Fol. 50. Sibill Daughter of Sir Robert Corbet of Alcester in Gloucestershire 4. Robert by [8.] Fol. 30. Edith Daughter of a Northern Nobleman of England 5. Gilbert Ibid. f. 31. 6. William [9.] Ibidem de Tracey so named from a Town in Normandy who died soon after his Father 7. Henry by [1.] Ibidem Nesta aforesaid 8. Maude [2.] Ibidem f. 32. espoused to Rotro Earl of Perch who was Son to Arnulph de Hesding that had great Possessions in England 9. Another Maud [3.] Ibidem Married to Conan Earl of Britain 10. Julian [4.] Ibidem Married to Eustace de Pacie Bastard Son of William de Breteul eldest Son and Heir of William and elder Brother of Roger Earl of Hereford in England 11. Constance [5.] Ibidem f. 33. Wife of Roscelin Viscount of Beaumont so called from a Town in the County of Mayn 12. [6.] Ibidem Married to Matthew Son of Burchard of Montmorency from whom descended the ancient Family of that name 13. Elizabeth [7.] Ibidem by Elizabeth Sister of Waleran Earl of Mellent Married to Alexander King of Scots All these Base Children of this King are recounted in
England the Dukedom of Normandy and Earldoms of Anjou and Main and left his youngest Son John to be provided for and maintained by him [1.] F. 296. b. n. 40. But Roger Hoveden says he gave unto John the Earldom of Moreton in Normandy To his Son Richard he gave the Dukedom of Aquitan with all its Appurtenances to be holden of the King of France And to his Son Geofry the Earldom of Britany with the Daughter and Heir of Earl Conan to be holden of the King of France After King [1.] Rog. Hov. f. 298. a. n. 50. An. Do. 1170. King Henry claims the Arch-Bishoprick of Bourges c. Henry was perfectly Recovered of his great fit of Sickness he laid claim to the Arch-Bishoprick of Bourges as belonging to the Dukedom of Aquitan which Lewis King of France denied from whence great Discord arose between the two Kings The King of England came into Berry with an Army to take possession of it encouraged thereunto by the Confession of the Arch-Bishop then upon his Death-Bed That of Right it did belong to the Dutchy of Aquitan A Truce between the two Kings but the King of France coming likewise with an Army into that Country prevented his Design and the Discord ended in a Truce until the Feast of St. Hillary following Next year King Henry being in Ireland and busie about the Conquest and Establishment thereof of which more afterward he had [2.] Ibid. f. 302. b. n. 30. news of the two Cardinals Theodinus and Albertus the Popes special Legats coming into Normandy with mighty haste he comes from Wexford arrives in Milford-Haven and with great dispatch proceeds to Portsmouth from whence with his Son Henry he passeth into Normandy and finds the two Cardinals at Caen by their Advice he was reconciled to King Lewis concerning the Crowning of his Daughter so as he sent back his Son into England and with him Rotrod Arch-Bishop of Roven Giles Bishop of Evreux Young King Henry and his Wife Margaret both Crowned An. Do. 1172. and Roger Bishop of Worcester to Crown him and Margaret his Wife and they performed that Solemnity at Winchester in the Church of St. Swithin on the 27 th of August 1172. After this about the [3.] Ibidem f 304. a. n. 20 30. Feast of All-Saints the new King of England with his Queen according to his Fathers Command though much against his Will went into Normandy when he came to his Father he sent him to the King of France who had a desire to see and speak with his Daughter he received them both with great Joy and Honour and they staid some time with him The King of France makes Discord between the two Kings Father and Son and sets the Son to demand either England or Normandy of his Father for a Subsistance From this Visit there arose great Mischief as well to France as England for King Lewis who always hated the King of England advised the new King that presently upon his return into Normandy he should Require of his Father either all England or all Normandy as a Subsistance for him and his Wife and directed him that if his Father would grant neither he should return into France to him In the mean time the King suspecting the Fraud and Malice of the King of France of which he had had often experience sent for his Son and his Wife they came to him Towards Christmass he went into Anjou and left his Son and Daughter in Law in Normandy Walsingham Reports [4.] Hypod. Neustr f. 447. n. 40. Queen Alienor suspected to have caused Division between her Husband and Son That whilst the King was in Ireland Hugo de St. Maur and Ralph de Faia the Queens Uncle as 't was said by her instigation began to avert the Mind of the young King from his Father suggesting to him It seemed indecent to all Men that any Man should be a King without a Country or Dominion About this time [5.] â—en Ab. â— 43. a. Adam de Port outlawed for Treason not appearing upon Summons one Adam de Port was impeached of Treason for Conspiring the Kings death and because being summoned by the King he would not stand to Judgment he was Outlawed from England After [6.] Hoved. f. 304. a. n. 40. Christmass King Henry sent for his Son to Chinon in Anjou from whence they went to Averng to * In Hoveden 't is Montferrat but mistaken for Clermont Clermont to meet and Treat with Hubert Earl of Maurania now Savoy about a Marriage between his youngest Son John and his Daughter Alice with whom he was to have had her Fathers Dominions This Treaty of Marriage was performed and concluded with the greatest State and Solemnity imaginable 't is long and because she died before it took effect I have omitted it From hence they both went to Limoges where [7.] Ibid. f. 305. a. n. 20. The Earl of St. Giles doth Homage to the King and his Son Richard for Tholose Raymund Earl of St. Giles came to them and became their Man or did Homage both to the King of England and Richard his Son Earl of Poictou to hold Tholose of them in Hereditary Right by the Service of coming to them upon Summons and staying in their Service forty days at his own Cost but if they would have him stay longer in their Service it was to be at their Charge and furthermore he was to give them for Tholose yearly One hundred Marks of Silver and ten Horses fit for War every of them to be worth Ten Marks The [8.] Ben. Ab. p. 45. b. Hov. f. 305. a. n. 30. The young King contradicts his Father Earl of Mauriana followed King Henry to Limoges to know what Lands or Possessions he would give his Son John and when he would have given him the Castles of Chinon Lodun and Mirabel the young King contradicted his Father and would not suffer him to do it for he took it very grievously that his Father would not assign him any of his Dominions where he and his Wife might keep their Residence when as he had desired England or Normandy The young Kings mind alienated from his Father or Anjou by the Counsel of the King of France and the Earls and Barons of Normandy that loved not his Father From this time he sought occasions and opportunity to recede from him and would in nothing hearken to his Advice Having [9.] Ben. Ab. p. 46. a. The young King leaves his Father therefore dispatched his Business at Limoges he hastned to come into Normandy as soon as he could and his Son with him Coming to Chinon the King staid there all Night his Son not having taken his leave of his Father went forward and on the Morrow was at Alencon and the next day at Argentom His Father followed him and that Night he was at Argentom his Father was at Alencon and that very Night about Cock-Crowing And
Sunday in Lent at which day He the Patriarch the Bishops Abbats Earls and Barons of England William King of Scots David his Brother and the Earls and Barons of that Kingdom met at London and then Deliberating and Advising about this Affair they unanimously agreed the King should Consult the King of France and so the Council was dissolved The King gives all his Subjects leave to take upon them the Cross And the King gave leave to all his Subjects as well Clerks as Laicks to take the Cross and thereupon Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Canterbury * Ranulph or as some Radulph de Glanvill Ranulph Justiciary of England Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven Hugh Bishop of Durham and many other Bishops in England and beyond Sea and almost all the Earls Barons and Knights of England Normandy Aquitan Britany Anjou Turain and Main undertook the Crusado On the Second of May [3.] Ibidem f. 359. a. n. 30. An. Do. 1185. Richard submits to King Henry his Father the King Heraclius Patriarch of Jerusalem the Bishop of Durham and many of the Chief Men of England went intâ— France in Normandy the King raiseth a great Army and sent to his Son Richard who had Armed Poictou against his Father and beaten Geofry his Brother Earl of Britany That unless he delivered all that Country to his Mother Alienor free and in Peace he would come and scourge him for his obstinacy and undutifulness At whose Command he laid by all Hostility rendred to his Mother Poictou and remained with his Father as a very kind Son A while after [4.] Ibidem n. 40. The Kings of England and France promise Relief for the Holy Land The Patriarch goes away dissatisfied the Kings of England and France had a Conference about the Relief of the Holy Land and they both promised to give very good Assistance in Men and Money But this pleased not the Patriarch for he hoped he should have carried back with him for the defence of it the King of England or one of his Sons or some other Man of great Conduct and Authority but because he could not do this he returned much disatisfied and confounded King Henry at [5.] Ib. f. 360. a. n. 20. The King of France promises to give Alice his Sister to Richard Christmass kept his Court at Damfront in Normandy and after that Solemnity at a Conference with Philip King of France at Gisors he sware he would deliver to his Son Richard Alice the Kings Sister that he might make her his Wife and the King of France granted to Richard with his Sister Gisors and all that his Father Lewis had granted with his Daughter Margaret to Henry the young King of England and swore he would never move any Question against them concerning those Lands After this Conference the King passed into England Soon after [6.] Ibidem Rowland the Scot makes his Peace with the King his arrival he marched to Carlisle with a great Army and intended to go further to correct Roland or Rowland the Son of Vctred the Son of Fergus for Disseising Dunecan the Son of Gilbert the Son of Fergus but Rowland came thither to the King and made his Peace with him The same year [7.] Ibidem n. 30. An. Do. 1186. Geofry Earl of Britany in a Military Conflict at Paris was kicked by and trampled under the Horses Feet and slain where he was buried in the Cathedral After whose [8.] Ib. f 361. a. n. 40 50. Geofry killed in a Military Coâ—flict at Paris by his Horse death Philip King of France would have had the Custody of his Daughter and then only Heir but the King of England would no way consent to it and sent Walter Arch-Bishop of Roven William de Mandevill Earl of Albamarle and Ranulf de Glanvill Justiciary of England at whose Request the King of France granted a Truce until the Feast of St. Hillary next In the mean time [9.] Ibidem b. n. 10. He left his Wife with Child of his Son Arthur Constance the Widow of Earl Geofrey whom he had left great with Child brought forth a Son who was named Arthur Next Winter [1.] Ibidem n. 40. the King carried over into France Cardinal Octavian and Hugh de Nunant that they might be present at a Treaty between him and that King at which Conference he made such intolerable Demands that they departed one from another without hopes of Peace After Whitsunday [2.] Ibidem n. 50. An. Do. 1187. Richard and John the Kings â—ons besieged by the King of France the King of France besieged the King of England's two Sons John and Richard with a great Army in Castle-Radulf Their Father comes to Relieve them the King of France meets him with his Army and draws it up in Batalia the King of England likewise rangeth his when by Advice [3.] Ib. f. 362. a lin 1. A Truce made for two years and Mediation of the Bishops of both Kingdoms they make a Truce for two years so as the King of France should posssess Issoudun for that time The Truce concluded [4.] Ibidem n. 10. Richard seizes his Fathers Treasure and fortifies his Castles Earl Richard against the Will of his Father remained with the King of France and such an Intimacy there was between them that they often eat together and lay in the same Bed His Father grew jealous of him and often sent for him out of France he pretending to come to him went directly to Chinon where his Fathers Treasure was and carried away the greatest part of it notwithstanding the resistance the Keeper of it made and with it fortified his Castle in Poictou and would not come at his Father At last he submits and does Homage Yet at length he once more returned and did Homage to his Father before many of the Clergy and Laity and swore to him Fealty against all Men upon the Holy Gospels and that he would never recede from his Advice On Christmass-day [5.] Ibidem f. 365. b. lin 1. n. 10. The King of France threatens to invade Normandy King Henry was at Caen in Normandy from thence he went to Barsleu and from thence into England So soon as the King of France heard he was gone he gathered a great Army and threatned to wast Normandy if he did not restore Gisors with its Appurtenances or Married not his Sister Alice to his Son Richard Upon notice of this the King presently passed into Normandy and on the Twenty first of January there was a Conference between them at the old place between Gisors and Trie where also were Convened the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of both their Dominions There was also at this great Convention the Arch-Bishop of Tire who Preached so effectually to them that all who were Enemies one to another were heartily reconciled Both Kings reconciled and receive the Cross and received the Cross from his Hands The Kings resolved to go
Legats should absolve his Servants Courtiers and Counsellors The [1] Hoved. f. 295. b. lin 5. The Legats came Legats came accordingly and though Hoveden mentions them not yet certainly they were Gratianus nephew of Pope Eugenius and Vivianus an Advocate in the Roman Court mentioned in [2] Col. 1407. n. 40.50 Gervase of Canterbury to whom the King Granted the Arch-Bishop should return and enjoy his Arch-Bishoprick saving the Honor of his Kingdom Salvo Honore Regni sui and by whose industry and the Application of the King of France the Agreement was finished and brought on so far as the Kiss of Peace as before related King Henry [3] Ibidem Col. 1412. n. 10.20 Hoved. f. 296. b. n. 10.20 Ben. Abb. p. 30. a. b. King Henry's design to Crown his Son had a design to Crown his Son Henry King which was kept private yet the Pope either suspected or smelt it out for on the 2d of April he wrote to the Arch-Bishop of York and all the Bishops of England [4] Append. n. 58. The Pope prohibits the Arch-Bishop of York and all other Bishops to do it That if any such Coronation was they should not perform the Ceremony without the Consent and Privity of the Church or Arch-Bishop of Canturbury whose right it was to Consecrate Kings [5] Gervas Hoved. Ben. Abb. ut supra The day appointed for this Solemnity was the 14 th of June and he was anointed and Crowned by Roger Arch-Bishop of York Hugh Bishop of Durham Walter of Rochester Gilbert of London and Iocelin of Salisbury assisting him no mention having been made of Thomas to whom the Coronation and Consecration belonged in right of his Church Gervase of Canterbury said it was done in contempt of the Popes prohibition The King [6] Hoved. f. 296. n. 30. The King of France displeased that his Daughter was not Crowned with her Husband of France hearing his Daughter Margaret was not Crowned with the young King her Husband levied a great Army and invaded Normandy The King of England having notice of it left his Son in England and passed thither and in a Treaty at Vendosme made peace with the King in the Feast of * St. Mary Magdalen promising his Son should be Crowned again and his Wife with him Gervase of Canturbury says this Treaty and the Day was appointed before the Coronation of his Son In [7] Ibidem n. 40. Thomas complains to the Pope of the A. B. of York and other Bishops for Crowning the King's Son He suspends the A. B. of York and Bishop of Durham and Excommunicates the others the mean time Thomas complained to the Pope of the Arch-Bishop of York and the four Bishops that assisted at the Coronation of the new King in the Province of Canturbury at whose Instance he Excommunicated the Bishops of London Rochester and Salisbury and suspended the Arch-Bishop of York and Bishop of Durham from their Episcopal Offices and wrote to the last two [8] Appen n. 59. He accuseth the King for Depression and Diminution of the Church an Epistle wherein he accuseth the King for Depression and Diminution of the Churches Liberties That under pretence of preserving his Royal Dignities he destroyed them contrary to the Cannons and tells the Bishops how much he had been sollicited to confirm his Prevarications and Vsurpations meaning The Statutes of Clarendon That he had sent some Cardinals and others to soften him but he grew more obdurate and would not Abate the least of the Rigor of his perverse Laws That he seized the rights of the Church of Canturbury contrary to its Ancient Dignity That his Son Henry had been Crowned by him the Arch-Bishop of York without any Caution or Reservation of the Rights of the Church of Canturbury And to avoid Damnation suspends the Arch-Bishop of York and Bishop of Durham in performing of that Solemnity and at last least he should be involved with them at the day of Judgment in the Sentence of Damnation he suspends both the Arch-Bishop of York and Bishop of Durham from the Exercise of their Episcopal Functions Notwithstanding the late peace made at Vendosme [9] Hoved. f. 297. b. n. 10. The King of France his Arch-Bishops Bishops and great Men sollicited the Pope against King Henry He complys with them Lewis of France his Arch-Bishops Bishops and great Men of the Kingdom sollicited the Pope that he would not permit the King of England to make any further Delays as he loved the Kingdom of France and the Honor of the Apostolic See Upon which The Pope granted that unless he presently made peace with the Arch-Bishop his Kingdom should be Anathematized and put under Interdict And says the Historian it pleased God to change the Kings mind so that by the mediation and paternal Exhortation of the Pope and of the King of France by the advice of many Bishops [1] Ibidem n. 20. and supplicating intervention of great Men the King received him into favour and restored him unto his Church [2] p. 31. a. Benedictus Abbas says the peremptory day was at hand so as the Sentence could be deferred no longer and That the King of England being forced by Canonic severity at length hearkened to Peace and came to Amboise near Tours on the fourth of the Ides or twelfth of October with the Arch-Bishops Bishops and great Men of his Land where he met William Arch-Bishop of Sens and Theobald Earl of Blois who brought with them Arch-Bishop Thomas and the next day it pleased Divine Providence by the mediation of the King of France and by the Command and admonition of Pope Alexander and also by the advice of the Arch-Bishops Peace between the Arch-Bishop and King and Bishops of his Land the King received him into his Grace and Favour and pardoned to him and all that were with him in Exile his anger and ill-will Iram malevolentiam suam promising to restore wholly to him all the possessions of the Church of Canturbury as he held them a year before he went out of England All agree about the matter of this Treaty but differ about the Time and Place [3] f. 297. b. n. 30. Hoveden agrees with Abbat Bennet and says it was on the 4 th of the Ides or 12 th of October on a Hill between Tours and Amboise [4] lib. 3. c. 2.5 p. 46. Col. 2.6 Col. 1412. n. 30. Quadrilogus 5 Fitz-Stephen and 6 Gervase of Canturbury say it was on St. Mary Magdalens day or 22 of July at Fretevâ—ll between Chartrin and Main in a Meadow called the Meadow of Traitors The King and Arch Bishop being thus Reconciled he [7] Append. n. 60. The King writes to his Son to give him notice of the agreement wrote into England to his Son Henry to let him Know the Arch-Bishop had made peace with him according to his own Will and therefore Commanded him to let him and all with him have and injoy
gratiam neque crudelitatem faciet quam praedictum est In cujus rei testimonium Dominus Rex praedicti Richardus Comes Cornubiae Pictâ—biae Willielmus Comes Warrennae Richardus Marelcallus Comes Penbrot Iohanes Comes Lincolniae Constabularius Cestriae huic scripto sigilla sua apposuerunt Hiis testibus Radulfo filio Nicholai Thoma de Muleton Willielmo de Insula Ricardo Duket Adaâ—o filio Willielmi Willielmo de Rak Roberto de Lexinton Radulfo de Norwico Civibus London aliis fidelibus Domini Regis ibidem existentibus REx omnibus c. Pat. 17. Hen. 3. M. 9. n. 31. Sciatis quod cum Lewelinus princeps de Abersrau Dominus Snauwerden nobis concesserit firmiter N. 153 promiserit quod stabit provisioni venerab lium Patrum Radulphi Cicestrensis Episcopi Cancellarii nostri Alexandri Coventrensis Lychefeld Episcopi dilectorum sid lium nostrorum Râ—chardi Marceschalli Comitis Penbroc Iohannis de Lascy Comitis Lincolniae Constabularii Cestriae Stephani de Segrave Justiciarii nostri Angliae Radulphi filii Nicholai Seneschalli nostri una cum Idenebet Senescallo ipsius Lewelini Werrenoc fratre ejus Amano Vathan Davâ—â— Clerico quam ipsi facturi sunt super congruis emendis nobis faciendis de omnibus excessibus nobis nostris ab eo suis factis de restitutione nobis hominibus nostris facienda de omnibus terris possessionibus nostris nostrorum per ipsum Lewelinum Walenses occupatis occasione Werrae inter nos ipsum morae simul etiam de recipienda restitutione a nobis nostris de omnibus terris ipsius Lewelini hominum suorum per nos nostros occupatis occasione Werrae praedictae de assignanda He was Son to Lewelin by Elianòr Daughter to Simon Montfort and Elianor his Wife Sister to H. 3. David filio ipsius Lewelini Ysabellae uxori ejus primogenitae filiae haeredis Willielmi de De Braosa Breus rationabili portione ipsam Ysabeliam contingente de terris quae fuerunt praedicti Willielmi patris sui de refusione pecuniae nobis facienda pro praedictis excessibus congrue emendandis portione praedicta assignanda provisa tamen super hoc ab eisdem sufficiente securitate de fideli servitio nobis praestando de tranquillitate nobis regno nostro Angliae observanda Ita quod dampnum vel periculum nec nobis nec regno nostro inde possit evenire Et si pendente provisione praedicta aliquid de novo emerserit emendandum idem Lewelinus voluerit concesserit quod per praedictos provisores emendetur Nos provisionem eorundem quam facturi sunt super omnibus praemissis gratam habemus acceptam pro nobis nostris sicut praefatus Lewelinus pro se suis Et in hujus rei testimonium has literas patentes inde fieri fecimus Teste me ipso apud Salop Septimo die Decembris anno regni nostri decimo Septimo Lewelin was Prince of North-Wales but here called Prince of Aberfrau and Lord of Snawden from the places of his abode Pat. 17. H. 3. M. 1. De Justitiariis Constitutis ad abjurationem Regni REx probis hominibus de Comitatu Wilts Sciatis quod constituimus Radulfum de Bray Radulfum de Norwico Justiciarios nostros ad abjurationem regni nostri Recipiendam de Huberto de Burgo si ecclesiam exire in Curia nostra juri stare noluerit vel ad justitiam ei in Curia nostra exhibendam si ecclesiam exire in N. 154 Curiam nostram ad hoc intrare voluerit secundum conventiones inter nos ipsum factas Mandamus autem vobis quod si praedictus Hubertus unum praedictorum nec aliud facere voluerit tunc Ecclesiam Sancti Iohannis Divisarum in qua se tenet Cemiterium ejusdem ecclesiae cum omni diligentia custodiatis sicut ipsi vobis dicent ex parte nostra In cujus c. Teste Petro Wintoniensi Episcopo apud Westmonasterium quintodecimo die Octobris Cl. 18. H. 3 M. 20. Dors REx c. Lewelino Principi de Aberfrau Salutem Sciatis quod recepimus in gratiam nostram Gilbertum Mareschallum N. 155 Of which the chief were Watler and Anselm their Brothers Gilbert and Philip Basset and Richard Sward See Cl. 18. H. 3. M. 19. Dors omnes qui fuerunt Inprisii Richardi Mareschalli tam de Anglia quam de Wallia qui ad pacem nostram venire voluerunt eis reddidimus omnes terras tenementa sua quae de nobis tenuerunt de quibus disseisiti fuerunt occasione guerrae motae inter nos praedictum Comitem nobis remanent quieta quaecumque super nos nostros per dictum Comitem vel suos imprisios occupata fuerunt quae vobis duximus significanda Volentes quod vobis innotescant quae penes nos acta sunt in hac parte Et quia per venerabilem patrem Edmundum Cantuariensem Archiepiscopum Coepiscopos suos captae sunt treugae inter nos vos sub firma spe tractandi de pace inter nos vos formanda fortius firmanda Mittimus propter hoc praedictum Archiepiscopum venerabiles patres Alexandrum Note in these times this Bishop sometimes had this Title and sometimes the Title of Bishop of Chester Coventrensem Lychefeldensem Henricum Roffensem Coepiscopos suos ad partes Marchiae Ita quod erunt apud Salop die Lunae in Crastino Sanctae Trinitatis rogamus vos quatinus sicut nostram desideratis amicitiam non omittatis quin in Crastino die Martis loco tuto competenti quem praedictus Archiepiscopus vobis significabit ipsi Archiepiscopo Coepiscopis suis occurratis ad tractatum cum eis habendum super praemissis In quorum etiam ore quaedam quae non duximus scripto commendanda posuimus vobis plenius exponenda rogantes quatinus sicut decet taliter ea quae reformationem pacis respiciunt qua ipsi plenius in hac parte vobis explicabunt audire cum effectu eisdem adquiescere velitis quod non stet per vos quin firmum et stabile pacis vinculum inter nos et vos roboretur ad nostrum pariter et vestrum commodum et honorem Tesâ—e Rege c. The Date of the next preceeding Record is May 31. and the next following is Dated June the 6th REx c. dilecto et fideli suo Richardo Comiti Cornubia et Pictaviae Salutem Cl. 18. H. 3. M. 17. Dors Sciatis quod treugae captae sunt inter nos et Lewelinum N. 156 Principem de Abberfrau per venerabilem patrem Edmundum Cantuariensem Archiepiscopum et Episcopos secum adjunctos et quosdam alios fideles nostros propter hoc ad partes Walliae destinatos duraturae à festo Sancti Jacobi anno regni nostri
Senator and an Experienc'd Soldier to take Charge of the Army in Gallia and Transport it into the Island to which Action the Soldiers openly discover'd their unwillingness complaining they should now make War out of the World until Narcissus a Favorite of Claudius being sent to appease them Mounted Plautius his Tribunal and somewhat yielding to their fury and passion he so Cajoled them with an Eloquent Oration that they were then willing to follow Plautius whithersoever he would Conduct them The Army was Imbarqu'd in Three Divisions that being opposed in one place they might Land in another the Winds proved cross with which their Ships were shaken and driven back but the Soldiers not discouraged they seeing a Meteor which darted Flames from the East to the West interpreted it as an Omen of good success and thinking it directed their Course put again to Sea and Landed without resistance The Britains not suspecting their coming who finding themselves surprized fled to the Woods and Morasses thinking rather to weary their Enemies by Delays then to Encounter them in the Field There 678. Plautius after a great search and much hazard found them out and overthrew them The (f) People of Glocester and Oxfordshires Boduni then subject to the (g) So called by Dio by others Cattienchlani they were the Inhabitants of Buckingham Bedford and Hartfordshires Cattuellani he received upon Termes and leaving Garrisons there he Marched toward a River which the Britains supposed they could not pass without a Bridge and therefore thought themselves secure having Incamped on the other side of the Waters But Plautius sending first the Germans who being accustomed to Swim over Rivers Armed got over to the further Bank and there acccording to Command fell upon the Horses which drew the Chariots by that means putting their whole Force into Disorder To their Assistance came Flavius Vespasianus who Commanded the Second Legion and Sabinus his Brother who setting suddenly upon them killed some and took others when the Night put a period to this Engagement The next Morning the Britains having Rallyed their Dispersed Forces appeared again and gave the occasion of a Fresh Battel which they performed with such Courage that it continued a long while doubtful until C. Sydius Gela Togodumnus Tiberius Claudius c. Emperor Caractatus King 44 45 46 47 c. Years after Christ being in danger to have been taken recover'd himself and forced the Britains to retire for which Service he had Triumphal Honors Assign'd him at Rome In this Conflict Vespasian being incompassed with the Britains was in great danger either to have been slain or taken had not his Son Titus opportunely Rescued him who was a Tribune and began early to manifest his Valor Vespasian in danger rescued by his Son After this the Britains retired toward the Mouth of the Thames and knowing the Shallows and Firm Ground passed over safely when as the Romans that pursued them were oft-times in great danger some of the Germans who by their art in Swimming were foremost as soon as they came on shore were killed by the Britains and the rest of the Roman Army much distressed in their passage and sharply assailed at their Landing Where in a notable Battle Togodumnus was slain Togodumnus slain at whose Death the Britains were more inraged and for the better executing of their desire of Revenge they Raised new Forces in divers parts of the Isle Plautius fearing their Strength proceeded no further but Fortifying only such places as he had gained advertised Claudius as he was ordered of the doubtful condition of his Affairs Sueton. Vesp 734. c. 4. Vespasian being employed under Plautius sometimes with him and sometimes in other parts of Britain Fought Thirty times with the Britains overcame Two Powerful Nations and Conquer'd the Isle of Wight Upon the News Claudius received from Plautius he with a Mighty Army of Horse Foot and Elephants Embarqu'd at (h) A City at the Mouths of the River Tiber in Italy on which Rome is seated Ostia and sailed to (i) Marseilles a Port in Gallia Narbonensis according to the Division of Gallia by Augustus or in Provincia Romanorum according to Julius Caesar now Provence in France having the Gulf of Lions and the Mediterranean on the South Massilia from whence he Marched by Land to (k) By some thought to be the same with Portuus Itius Gestoriacum Boulogne in France but it is more probably Boulogne and the Country about iâ— was called Gessoriacus Pagus Bononiensis ager commonly le Boulonnois Gessoriacum in Gallia where Shipping his Forces Dio. lib. 60.679 Anno Domini 44. he safely Landed in Britain and at Porchester if we may believe Matthew of Westminster This Army being joyned with the other of Plautius and Vespasian near the Thames they again cross the River where the Britains boldly encounter them and begin the Fight and for a long time notably maintain'd it until a great number of them were slain The Britains Vanquish'd Dio. 679. when being overcome they fled into the Woods some were subdued by Force others yielded upon Termes and pursuing this Victory they took Camolodunum Camolodunum taken That Country made a Province Dio. 680. lib. 60. where they placed a Colony of old Soldiers and reduced this part of the Isle into the form of a Province In Honor of this Victory Claudius was divers times saluted Imperator contrary to the Roman Custom which permitted it but once for one Expedition The Britains after this were Disarm'd but he remitted to them the Confiscation of their Goods for which Favor they erected a Temple and Altar unto him honoring him as a god he leaving Plautius to Govern these and Subdue others returns to Rome having sent before his Sons-in-Law Pompeius and Silanus to the Senate with the News of the Victory who Decreed he should be called Britannicus and that his Son should have the same Title as a Surname proper and Hereditary to the Claudian Family Messalina his Wife had the first place in Council assigned her as Livia Tiber. Claudius c. Emperor Caractatus King 44 45 46 47 c. Years after Christ the Wife of Augustus sometime had and was also Licensed to Ride in a Chariot when he came to Rome which was the Sixth Month after his departure thence having continued but Sixteen days only in the Isle he entred the City in a most splendid and extraordinary Triumph whereat many Presidents of Provinces and Banished Men were permitted to be present on the top of his Palace was placed a Naval Crown set with Stems and Foreparts of Ships as a sign of the Conquest of the Ocean Diverse Commanders that had served under him in Britain were Honor'd with Triumphal Ornaments yearly Plays were appointed for him and Two Triumphal Arches adorned with Trophies were erected one at Rome the other at Gessoriacum to remain to succeeding Ages as perpetual Monuments of this Victory This Memorable Triumph
of Monmouth and reports this matter yet after another manner that the Britains offended with Vortigern for marrying a Pagan Wife and his compliance with the Saxons deposed him and set up Vortimer or Guortimer his Son who in four Battels overcame the Saxons drove them into the Isle of Tanet and from thence into their Ships who leaving their Wives and Children fled into Germany from whence Hengist having heard of the death of Vortimer returned again with 300000 as Monmouth but with 3000 only as Westminster when sending Messengers to Vortigern who after the death of his Son Vortimer was restored to his Government speciously pretending the cause of his return was that he had thought Vortimer yet living whom he desired above all things to vanquish and expel the Nation that since he was dead and Vortigern restored he committed himself and the People he had brought with him to his disposal that as many as he would should stay in his Kingdom and the rest presently be sent back into Germany Propounds a Treaty with Vortigern offering also a personal Treaty by a select number on both sides for the determining and concluding all things according to the Will of Vortigern to be managed by the Chiefs of both Nations A. D. 461. who being mightily pleased with the pretence appointed for the time May-day and for the place some where near (l) As some report at Stoneâ—enge near Amesbury in Wiltshire or Ambrosebury so called in memory of Ambrosius Aurelius where there was a Monastery of three hundred Monks as some would have it before Queen Alfrith built there a Nunnery the Monastery of Ambry when and where both Parties by agreement were to meet without Weapons But Hengist had so contrived it that his Saxons had under their Coats long Knives or Falchions which upon the (*) This Tale seems to have been taken out of Wittichindus and applyed to the Britains De gestis Saxon lib. 1. c. 1. where are the same things spoken verbatim of the Saxons and Thuringians Watch-word given that was Neme Eour Saxes they drew out and killed every man Three or four hundred of the British Nobility killed by Treachery the next Britain (m) the Latin words in Monmouth are Barones and Consules There is nothing of this Story in the Saxon Annals to the number of four hundred and sixty Barons and Earls or there abouts and took Vortigern Prisoner who to redeem himself gave them as much of his Country as they desired and retired into Wales Malmsbury says that Hengist invited his Son in Law Vortigern A. D. 461. with three hundred of his principal Britains to a Feast and when he had well animated them with Liquor De gestis Reg. l. 1. c. 1. he industriously provoked them with smart Reflections which first begat Tumult and Wrangling and afterwards Blows and Fighting where the Britains perished to a man and the King being only saved alive redeemed his Captivity by the Gift of three Provinces The impious Cruelty of the Saxons against the Christian Britains A sad Ruine and Desolation now came upon the Britains from these barbarous Enemies to Christianity their Churches were every where levelled with the Ground their Priests killed at the Altars the Scriptures burnt Religious men fled into Caves Mountains and Deserts to preserve themselves These different and almost contrary Relations are left to every mans Judgment either to believe or reject them the sum of all is only certain that the Saxons after their first arrival under Hengist and Horsa came into this Island at several times and under divers Commanders in great Numbers until one way or other by fraud or force they made themselves Masters of all that part of Britain except Wales which was divided into seven Kingdoms or Governments The first whereof was the Kingdom of Kent The first Kingdom of the Saxons Kent A. D. 457. Before the first Tome of Spelman's Counsels and contained only that County and had these following Kings Doubtful or Forreign Kings of Kent Pagans 1 Hengist 31 2 Esk 24 3 Otta or Octa 20 4 Immeric 29 Christians 5 Ethelbert 56 6 Eadbald 24 7 Ercombert 24 8 Edgbert 09 9 Lothar 12 10 Edric 07 Christians 11 Withred 33 12 Edbert 23 13 Edilbert 11 14 Alric 34 15 Edilbert 03 16 Cuthred 08 17 Baldred 18 This Kingdom began Anno Domini 457. and ended Anno Domini 823. and continued 366. years The Second was the Kingdom of the South Saxons The second of the South Saxons A. D. 491. and contained Sussex and Surrey or at least part of it this was mostly under the Power of the Kings of Kent and the West-Saxons and therefore the names of but few Kings are taken notice of in Story which were these Pagans 1 Aella 32 2 Cissa 75 Christians 3 Ediltwach alias 25 Ethelwolf 25 4 Berthum 5 Authum It began Anno Domini 491. and ended about the year 600. and continued about 109 years Vortigern A. D. 519. The Third was the Kingdom of the West-Saxons and contained Cornwall where notwithstanding were part of the Remains of the Britains Devonshire The Third of the West-Saxons A.D. 519. Dorsetshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hamshire and Berkshire and had these Kings Pagans 1 Cerdic 16 2 Kenric 26 3 Ceaulin 31 4 Celric 06 5 Ceolwulf 14 Christians 6 Cinegils and Quincelm 31 7 Kenewalc and Sexburge 32 8 Esciwin 02 Christians 9 Kentwin 09 10 Cedwalla 02 11 Ina but fifteen only according to Lambards Leges Inae 38 12 Aethelhard 14 13 Cuthred 14 14 Sigebert 01 15 Kinewulf 29 16 Brithric 16 17 Edgbert 37 It began Anno Domini 519. and ended 1066. at the coming of the Normans and continued 547. years The Fourth of East-Saxons A. D. 527. The Fourth was the Kingdom of the East-Saxons which contained Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire The Dates of the Kings Reigns are not added because there is nothing certain of them Pagans 1 Erkenwin 2 Sledda Christians 3 Sebert 4 Sexred Brothers 4 Seward Brothers 4 Sigebert Brothers 5 Sigebert the little 6 Sigebert the good 7 Swithelm 8 Sigher Seba 9 Sigheard Senfred 10 Ossa 11 Selred 12 Swithred It began Anno Domini 527. and ended 747. and continued 220. years The Fifth was the Kingdom of Northumberland A. D. 547. which contained Lancashire Yorkshire the Bishoprick of Dresm Cumberland Westmorland Northumberland and part of Scotland as far as Edinburgh The Fifth of Northumberland A. D. 547. Frith and had these Kings Pagans 1 Ida 12 2 Aella 30 3 Edelric 04 4 Edelfrid 24 Christians 5 Edwin 17 6 Oswald 09 7 Oswy 28 8 Egfrid 15 9 Alfrid 19 10 Osred 11 Christians 11 Kenred 02 12 Osric 11 13 Ceolwulf 08 14 Edgbert alias Eadbert 20 15 Osulf 01 16 Ethelwald al. Mollo 06 17 Alured 09 18 Ethelred al. Ethelbert 04 19 Alfwold 11 20 Osred then Ethelbert again It began Anno Domini 547. ended about 792. and continued
payment of Tithes another for the payment of a Penny to Rome imposed upon every House at the Feast of St. Peter under the Forfeiture of 120 shillings to the King many Canons also were set forth in his time which relish of the present Age and contain nothing extraordinary Edward the younger A. D. 975. Malms l. 2. de gest R. R. c. 9. Florileg A. D. 975. Opposed by his Mother in Law Elsted Edward called the younger the eldest Son of Edgar by Egelfleda his Wife was placed in his Fathers Throne according to his just right but contrary to the design of Elsrida his Mother in Law and second Wife to Edgar who made it her business to set up her own Son Ethelred a Child of seven years of Age and half Brother to Edward that she in his Nonage might govern the Nation The Factions between the Monks and Secular Priests begun in Edwin's days The Controversie between the Monks and Seculars divides the Nobility were now revived and extended themselves to the Nobility many of which sided with each Party Dunstan with the Monks and all that Party adhered closely to King Edward the Seculars and other Party favoured Queen Elfrid and her Son Ethelred many of the Nobility and great men threw out the Abbats and Monks which Dunstan had placed in Monasteries Ibidem and brought in and placed there Secular Clerks or Priests and their Wives Two Councils about this Controversie A.D. 975 977. several Synods or Councils were held about this Controversie between the Monks and Seculars one at Winchester another at Caln in Wiltshire That at Winchester ended with confirming the Monks in their Possessions moved to it by the voice from a Crucifix pronouncing in favour of them Ibidem the issue of that at Caln is not clearly affirmed by the Relators telling only a Story of a Beam that fell down while the Discourse was hot about matters in Difference where all or most were slain but Dunstan who strangely escaped Amidst these Contests of the Clergy and Nobility Queen Elfrid took her opportunity of murthering Edward to make way for her Son Ethelred Ib. A.D. 978. Edward murthered by Elfrid his Mother in Law which she caused to be done after this manner Edward weary with Hunting and being very thirsty alone while his Attendance followed the Dogs hearing that his Mother and his Brother Ethelred were at (k) Camb. Ibid. Now Corfe Castle in the Isle of Purbecke in Dorsetshire Corvesgate innocently went thither she with all Demonstration of kindness welcoming him commanded drink to be brought forth and while he was drinking caused one of her Servants privately before instructed to Stab him after he had reigned about three years Edward thus removed Ethelred A. D. 979. left his half Brother Ethelred right Heir to the Crown which he received in the presence of Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury Oswald Archbishop of York Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 978. and ten Bishops more whom Dunstan severely rebuked for aspiring to the Kingdom by Blood and prognosticated the Inundation of the Danes which followed This King's Easiness Inactivity and Softness An easie unactive King gave the greatest occasion to the Danes Conquest who well understanding his Temper and enticed by the Riches of the Nation The Danes after many years quiet invade England and their Country-men here who lived in great peace and quietness until this time first landed in one place then in another 't is to no purpose to name the particular places or follow them in their Sea-rambles and Landings first seizing the Towns and Countries near the Sea then others more remote until at last they wasted the whole Nation Ethelred often attempted to drive them out of the Kingdom and sometimes did beat them but to no purpose they always retired to their Ships with their Plunder and Spoils and as often as they were worsted were reinforced from Danemark and Norway His Nobility were not unlike him being Easie Supine and Cowardly and most of them allyed to the Danes in Blood Ethelred betrayed by his Nobility so that upon any great occasion or fair hopes of Victory over them he was for the most part by Fear or Treachery betray'd by some of them but by Edric more especially After many years experience of their barbarous Murthers and Cruelties by the consent and advice of his great men The Danes barbarous Cruelty he sent Messengers to them to buy Peace offering them Tribute which was called (l) Compounded of the words Dane and Gelt or Geld that is Money Danegeld what it was and this word signified as much as Danes Money Tribute or Tax paid to them The first Tribute paid to the Danes that they should abstain from Rapines Burnings Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 991. Ethelred buys Peace Ibid. A.D. 994. and Slaughters of men upon the Sea Coasts and hold a firm Peace with the English was 10000 l. in the year 991. See Lambard fol. 90. Foedus Ethelredi cum exercitu Anlavi c. The next Tribute paid them for the same Purposes in the year 994. was 16000 l. The third paid in the year 1002. was 24000 l. Ib. A. D. 1002· The fourth paid in the year 1007. was 36000 l. Ib. A.D. 1007. The fifth paid in the year 1012. was 48000 l. Ib. A.D. 1012. The sixth and last paid for the same ends and intention to the Danish Army Ib. A.D. 1018. At this day very near if not full two Millions Sterling when Cnute was King of England and Danemarke in the year 1018. was for all England 72000 l. and for London 10000 and 500 l. Cnute carrying and sending away the greatest part of his Army and Fleet into Danemarke Danegeld and a present Sum of Money Flor. Wigorn. A.D. 991 994 c. so as they would desist from their Rapine and horrid Devastations with which they seemed satisfied but still destroyed the Country Peace and Leagues were often made with them and they as often broke them after they had found the English would bleed Money They often for a while left England gave over wasting it and retired home with their Fleets but it was that they might return with greater Force and receive a greater reward for their Barbarous Hostilities and unheard of Cruelties until the Nation was exhausted of its Wealth and Glory Ethelred A. D. 1012. It is Storied that the Danes thus (m) The Danes say some of our Authors lived lazily and idly here taking their Pleasures while they made the English their Slaves and Drudges abusing their Wives and Daughters hence they were called Lord-Danes and at this day in some Countries they yet call a lazy idle Fellow Lurdan which seems to be a corruption of Lord Dane lording it and domineering over the English Ethelred thought to effect that by Policy which by force he could not Mat. Westm A. D. 1012. and by the advice of some great men
with 160 Ships to whom the Traytor Edric joyns himself with forty Ships more against whom Ethelred raises a vast Army but being told it would betray him dismissed it and retired to London His Son Edmund called Ironside with Vctred Duke of Northumberland wasting some Countries whilst Cnute destroyed others Vctred compelled by necessity submitted and gave Hostages notwithstanding which he was slain and Hoic made Earl of Northumberland Edmund returned to London to his Father Ibidem and Cnute was coming toward it with his Fleet Ethelred dies but before he arrived Ethelred died Cnute Edmund Ironside A. D. 1016. In the year 1009. and about the Thirtieth of this King Spelman thinks he called a Council of all his great and wise men at Aenham at the instance of Aelfeage Archbishop of Canterbury and Wulstan Archbishop of York A Council at Aenhâ—m A. D. 1009. Spelm. con fol. 511 c. Ibid. c. 2. c. 6. c. 19. Canons against Priests Marriage wherein many Ecclesiastick and Secular Laws were either made or confirmed among which these three were not very usual That Priests should not Marry it being the Custom then for them to have two or three Wives That (q) Gualdas Cambrensis reports it was the Custom and common Vice of the English in time of Peace to sell their Children and Kinred into Ireland for Slaves although not urged to it by Want or Necessity and the Northumbrians not under pretence of Necessity but for meer Profit were wont to sell Children none should be sold out of their Country especially to a Pagan That Widdows should remain so for twelve months after their Husbands death Other Laws were made for preservation of the Peace correction of false Money and bringing Weights and Measures to a just Rule Against the sale of men c. C. 22. C. 23. Here were also ordained Naval Laws That a Fleet should be ready and equipped every year as soon as might be after Easter for the Defence of the Kingdom If any man did injury to any Ship designed for this Expedition he was to repair the Dammage But if any one destroyed a Ship he was to pay the full value of it and be punished as for Treason or an affront done to the King Plenam Luito Injuriam laesam praeterea majestatem FORGYLDE HIT FVLLICE and CYNING THONNE MVNDBRICE Hoveden A. D. 1016. fol. 219. a. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1017. The Bishops Abbats and many of the Nobility elect Cnute their K. and abjure the Saxon Race The Citizens and Nobility at London set up Edmond Ironside Ethelred having finished his Life and miserable Reign the Bishops Abbats and many of the Nobility assembling together or as others being summoned by him meet at London elected Cnute their King and going to Southampton where he then was renounced before him all the Race of Ethelred and sware unto him Fidelity and he also sware to them that in matters both Secular and Religious he would be their faithful Lord but the Nobility which staid at London together with the Citizens chose Edmond called Ironside the eldest Son of Ethelred then living by his first Wife he going with all speed to the West-Saxons was received by them with great Demonstration of Joy In the mean time Cnute coming to London with his Fleet caused a great Cut or Ditch to be made in the South part of Thames and laid up his Ships West of the Bridge compassed the City with a wide and deep Ditch Cnute besiegeth London closely besieged it so as none could pass out or in He quits the Siege Ashdown Battel and often assailed it but was as stoutly repulsed by the Defendents wherefore for that time quitting the Siege and leaving part of his Forces to defend his Ships with the other he swiftly passed into West-Saxony before Edmond had raised an Army who yet with such Forces as he had ready Hibern expug c. 18. It was a common Custom of the English to sell their Children Malms de gest R. R. lib. 1. c. 3. Ibid. l. 2. c. 11. fol. 4â— a. Cnute builds Churches and Monasteries in many places to expiate the Blood spilt there Ibid. l. 2. c. 10. boldly sets upon them and by Gods help puts them to flight Not long after being recruited and receiving more strength he fought the Danes the second or third time some report at (r) A Town in Essex in Rocheford Hundred near Ralegh where Cnute built a Church to expiate the blood spilt there as he did in all other places where he fought building of Churches and Monasteries being then a common way of satisfaction for great Persons for Blood Murther and all manner of wickedness Ashdown or Assingdon others at other places But in the last Battel where-ever it was by the Treachery of Edric who revolted to the Danes with what Forces he could when he saw the Victory inclining to the English Edmund was totally defeated and the flower of the English Nobility cut off Edric's Treachery Huntingd. A. D. 1016. Fol. 208. The flower of the English Nobility destroyed Ibidem here perished noble Duke Ednod Duke Alsric Duke Godwin and the brave Vlfketel Duke of the East-Angles and many more gallant English after this great Victory Cnute took London and the Royal Scepter Edmund with the Remains of his Army marched toward Gloucester where collecting what Force he could he prepared for a new Engagement but the Nobility on both sides terrified with the dreadful slaughter in the last Battel and fearing the Courage as well of Edmund as Cnute perswaded them for avoiding the great Effusion of Blood to decide the Controversie by single (Å¿) Malmsbury says Cnute refused a Duel yet at the Instance of both Armies he was willing the Nation should be divided Combat which they undertook and behaving themselves bravely on both sides in the midst of blows paused a little and then coming to a Parley Cnute and Edmund part the Kingdom Matt. Westm A. D. 1016. f. 205. n. 40. they agreed to part the Kingdom between them Edmund for his share had East-Saxony East-England the City of London and all the Land on the South side of the River Thames and Cnute had all the North parts of England Not long after Edmund died at London Flor. Wigor A. D. 1016. Fol. 618. and was buried at Glastonbury when Cnute commanded all the Bishops Dukes Princes and Chief men of England to meet at London and when they were come together he craftily asked such as were Witnesses to the Agreement Cnute surprizeth the Witnesses to the Agreement between him and Edmund and Division of the Kingdom between them as if he knew nothing of the matter what he and Eadmund discoursed of his Brothers and Sons Whether it should be lawful for his Sons to Reign in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons after him if Eadmund should dye while he was living They said they certainly knew Ibidem that
printed at Paris 1539. there is a * C. 25. Chapter de exercitu Ducis not to be found in the French Print of that year but Du Fresn in his * Tom. 3. col 832. Glossary cites a good part of it from the MSS. Customer in the Chamber of Accounts at Paris Military Service in chief which he made use of in these words Or est vn service que Doit estre fet au Prince en armes se lont la Coustume L'establissement des Fiemens des Villes icest service est accoustume á fere par 40. jours Service of 40. days pour le secours l'aide de la terre de câ—ux qui en tiennent les Fiemens come ce soit fet pour aucun Delivrance pour le profit dâ—l Comun Pâ—eple c. Tous fiefs de * See the Glossary Hauberâ— sont especialment establis pour fair le propre service de la Duchee Ensement de Tous les Countees les Baronees Doivent accomplir ce service a decertes toutes les villes qui ont Communes Si devez scavoir que les sieus de Haubere que sont es Countees es Baronnies qui ne sont pas Establies pour la Duquee de Normandie ne doivent pas de service D'ost fo rs as Seigneurs as quieux il sont soumis Excepte nequedent Larrierban del Prince auquel Trestous grans petits pourtant que il soient Convenables pour armes porter sont tenu sans excusation nulle a fair lui aid profit a tout leur pooir Now there is a Service which ought to be made to the Prince in Arms according to the Custom and Establishments of Fees and of Cities or Burghs and this Service is by Custom performed by * Co. Lit. Sect. 95. forty days for the succor and aid of the Land by such as hold the Fees as it were done for any Deliverance and for the profit of the Commune People c. All Military or Knights Fees were especially established to do the proper Service of the Dutchy and likewise all the Earldoms and Baronies ought to accomplish this Service and all the Cities or Burghs that have Communities it is also to be understood that the Knights Fees which are in the Earldoms and Baronies which are not established for the Dutchy of Normandy nor do owe Service to the Army but to the Lords of whom they are holden except at the Arrierban of the Prince to which all both great and small that are able to bear Arms are bound to come without excuse and to give him aid and assistance with all their Power The Latin Version agrees with this French Text and as it proceeds further The Duke granted to such as held of him Scutage Service of the Tenents there is a Clause exactly agreeable to the antient practice in England The Duke of Normandy granted to such as had performed their Service in the Army forty days Scutage-Service of such as held of them by Military Service Exercitus autem dicitur auxilium illud pecuniale quod concedit Princeps Normanniae facto exercitus per 40 dies servitio Baronibus vel Militibus de illis qui tenent de eis feodis vel de tenentibus suis in Feodo Loricali And so was the Usage of our antient English Kings after the Conquest to grant to such as had personally or by substitute or fine performed their Service in the Army Scutage-Service of such as held of them in Military Tenure Heritages partible and not partible C. 26. 36. Gavelkind Tenure in Military Service and Serjeanty impartible Heritage partible was equally divided amongst all the Sons c. All the Children of one Son were but to have the share of their Father divided amongst them A Father that had many Sons Ibidem Glanvil lib. 7. c. 1. 3. Soccagium divisum could not give one a better Share than the other of his Heritage for if he did notwithstanding his Gift it was to be divided with his other Lands amongst his Sons after his death He could not Give Sell Mortgage or any way put any part of his Heritage into the hand of a Bastard Son but within a year and a day it might be recovered by his Heirs Impediments of Succession were Bastardy profession of Religion C. 27. Impediments of Succession Blood attainted Leprosie c. Lands of a Bastard if he had no issue by a lawful Wife returned to the Lord of the Fee Tenures were by Homage by Parage by Bourgage by Almoign C. 28. What Tenures in Normandy Bordage or Tenure of servile works Tenure of Rent or Rent Charge c. No Tenent by Homage could sell or ingage his Fee C. 29. Tenent by Homage could not sell c. without consent of his Lord unless in some parts there was a Custom to sell or ingage a third part or a less so as there was left enough to pay and perform the Services Faisances and Dignities due to the Lords Parage is when the younger Brothers hold their Share of the Fee of the elder Brother and he of the Lord C. 30. Parage and does the Homage and Service they contributing their Shares So it is called Parage in respect of Parentage in which they are equal not in respect of their Estates C. 31. Bourgage Bourgage is a Tenure according to the Customs and Vsages of Bourghs and may be bought and sold as Moveables without the Assent of the Lord. C. 32. Franc Almoign Tenure in Almoign or Franc Almoign So Lands given in pure Alms to God and such as serve him C. 33 Ward and Marriage A Member of a Military Fee what The Duke of Normandy had the Guard or Wardship and Marriage of all Minors which held of him by Homage by a Fee or a Member of a Military Fee A Member of a Military Fee is the eighth part or any part under as a sixth or seventh not but it might be divided into more but less than an eighth could not have Court and Vsage belonging to it So other Lords of such as held of them by Homage The Duke and other Lords had also Reliefs 15 l. of a Military Fee C. 34. Relief and 100 l. of a Barony upon the death of the Tenents an Earl paid 500 l. C. 35. Three Capital Aids Glanv lib. 9. c. 8. Tenents in Military Service paid three Capital Aids one to make the Lords eldest Son a Knight a second to marry his Daughter a third to redeem their Lord out of Prison C. 39 40 41 c. Glanv l. 1. c. 28. to the end Essoins Essoins or excuses for delaying Suits in Feudal Pleas were de Malo veniendi de Malo lecti per Servitium Ducis de ultra Mare de Privilegio crucis c. The same in England C. 50. Warranty Of Warranty whoever was called to it was bound to secure
Guards placed upon the Gates only with Command to keep out the Soldiers * Sim. Dunel Col. 197 n. 45. Githa the Mother of Harold and many Citizens escaped and fled into Flanders with great Riches Here within the Walls he chose out a place for the building of a Castle and left Baldwin the Son of Earl Gilbert to see it done and with many other stout Soldiers to remain there in Garison From thence he went into Cornwall He settles Cornwall and disposing all things there to his own satisfaction he dismissed his Army and returned to Winchester there to recreate and refresh himself all the time of Easter and not long after he sent for his Wife Maud to come to him An. Do. 1068. Queen Maud Crowned by Arch-Bishop Aldred King Henry I. born De gest pont 154. b. n. 10. who was Crowned by Aldred Arch-Bishop of York on Whitsunday following and before the year was out she brought forth Henry afterwards King of England Upon this his return into England he imposed an importable Tribute upon the English which Malmsbury reports thus That Aldred Arch-Bishop of York whilst William behaved himself with temper and justice toward the English loved him as his Son and honoured him as a King but when he exacted from them an importable Tax he sent Messengers to him about it which being hardly admitted were returned with a rough Answer whereupon he presently Cursed William and all his Progeny The King hearing of it sent some Friends to appease and quiet the Arch-Bishop but before they came to him he died with Grief [4.] Ord. vit 51â— A.B.C.D. William promiseth his Daughter to Earl Edwin and deceives him Earl Edwin was assured by the King he should have a Daughter of his in Marriage yet through the Fraudulent Advice of the Normans he performed not his Promise This deceitful dealing toward this young Earl that had long expected his Mistress together with his hard usage in carrying him and many others beyond Sea with him as it were his Prisoners and to shew them in Triumph provoked him and his Brother Morcar to take Arms Edwin and Morcar take Arms. who being very Popular and well beloved had the assistance of many in the North parts and especially of their (l) Blidens Father Married Edith Edwins Sister after whose [2.] Ord. vit 311. B. death she was Married to Harold Nephew Blidon King of Wales who came unto them with a great number of Welsh-Men Hereupon William caused a search into and discovery to be made of all the Private Places and Places of Retreat and forthwith fortified such as might be any ways advantageous to his Enemies he built a Castle at Warwick and gave the Custody of it to (m) He was [3.] Gemet lib. 7. c. 4. Hen. de Bello-monte Hen. de Newburg Roger de Bello-monte who Brother to Roger de Bello monte who was Son to Humfrid de Vetulis Son of Turolf of Pont Adomar by Weva c. he was called Hen. of Newburgh from the place of his Birth the Castle of Newburgh in Normandy and made Earl of Warwick by the Conqueror after the Survey Henry de Bello-Monte so that these Brothers reflecting upon the doubtfulness of their Success They crave favour crave favour which was but in shew only granted them he then also built Nottingham Castle Which was in shew only granted Nottingham Castle built and gave the keeping of it to William Peudell Those which were in York so soon as they heard these things delivered the Keys of the City with Hostages to the King who suspecting their Constancy raised a Fortress in the City and placed there a Garison of choice Soldiers (n) This Arkill Married [4.] Sim. Dun. Col. 80. n. 34. Sigrid the Daughter of Ecgfrid the Daughter of Aldun Bishop of Duresm by Kylvert her second Husband her first Husband was Vethred Earl of Northumberland who dismissed her This [5.] Ibidem Col. 82. n. 27. Arkill seised some part of Northumberland that was wast and inhabited it by Sigrid he had a Son named Gospatric and he another of that name afterwards Earl of Northumberland Archill also the most Potent of the Northumbrians makes his Peace and delivers his Son an Hostage The Bishop of Duresme likewise is received into favour and by his Mediation Conditions were offered to Malcolme King of Scots which he accepted and sware to a faithful Compliance with William Lincoln and Huntington Castles built In his return from this Expedition he built Castles or made Places of Strength at Lincoln Huntington and Cambridge placing in every one of them stout Commanders [5.] Sim. Dun. Col. 19. n. 56. Afterwards Marleswen (o) Ordericus calls him Gaius Patricius he represented his Lineal Extraction from Vcthred aforesaid by his Mother Algiva Daughter of King Ethelred by which and a great [6.] Ibid. Col. 204. n. 60. Sum of Money he obtained the Earldom of the Conqueror Gospatric and the most Noble of the Northumbrians fearing the severity of the king and lest they should be imprisoned as others were taking with them Edgar Athaling his Mother Agatha and two Sisters Margaret and Christina went by Sea into Scotland and by the leave of Malcolm King of Scots stayed there all Winter While [6.] Ibid Col. â—98 n. 2. Order vit 513. A. The Sons of Harold invade England and beat Ednoth William was busied in the North the two Sons of Harold Godwin and Edmund who fled to Dermot King of Ireland came from thence and landed in Somersetshire who defeated and slew Ednoth sent by William against them with an Army of English plundered and wasted Devonshire and Cornwall and with a great Prey returned into Ireland Ordericus Vitalis says they were beaten by Brien Son of Eudo Earl of Britain and Gulielmus Gualdi and returned by weeping Cross About this time some of the [7.] Ibid. 512. A. B. The Norman Ladies want their Husbands Norman Ladies and Women wanting their Husbands sent for them to return and withal to let them know that if they returned not they must make use of other Men to relieve their necessities Hugo de (p) A Town in Normandy [7.] Vales not Gall. fol. 237. Grentonis Mansio vel mansionile seu parva mansio Grentmesnil who presided at Winchester Humfrid de Teliolo Governor of the Fort at Hastings and many others returned into Normandy Some of them return sorrowfully and unwillingly deserting the King [8.] Ibidem His Soldiers likewise wearied with the Desolations of the Country where they saw nothing but Burnings Rapine and daily Slaughters committed by the Natives as well as themselves issuing out of Woods and Places of Security whither they had retired importuned him for their Refreshment that they might retire to their fixed Residences An. Do. 1069. which he willingly granted and dismissed them with a plentiful Reward for their Services [9.] Ibid. C. Sim. Dunel Col. 38. n.
Bishops and Earls I have required him to deliver me the Captive Duke but could not obtain my desire I sent Robert de Belism to him on several Messages he secured him in his Court cast him into Bonds and yet keeps him Prisoner Earl Tedbald is my Vassal and yet by the instigation of his Uncle he riseth up against me and being inflated by his Power and Riches Rebelled and made grievous War against me and my Kingdom and much more to this purpose [6.] Ibidem fol. 859. B. All the French Clergy in this Council justified what he said yet Geofrey Arch-Bishop of Rouen and all the Norman Bishops and Abbats rose up to make his defence and excuse him but could not be heard In this Juncture [7.] Ibid. fol. 863. C. D. Tedbald Earl of Blois reconciles the Noble Normans to King Henry Tedbald Earl of Blois the Kings Nephew made it his business to reconcile all dissenting Persons to the King and brought to him Almaric de Montfort who was received into his favour and restored to the whole Earldom of his Uncle William Eustachius also and Julian his Wife the Kings Natural Daughter were at that time restored to his Grace and their Lands except Breteul which for his faithful Service the King had given to his Kinsman Ralph de Guader in recompence whereof he gave him yearly 200 Marks of Silver in England Hugh de Gournay and Robert de Newburgh with the rest of King Henry's Enemies came in and were graciously received Only Stephen Earl of Albamarle stood out who seeing the King coming against him with an Army by Advice of his Friends humbly satisfied him and thereupon to his own satisfaction was pardoned When this Council was ended in [8.] Ibid. fol. 864. D. 865. A. B. The Pope moves King Henry to restore his Brother Robert and his Son November following the Pope came into Normandy and met King Henry at Gisors to Treat of Peace He told him by the Law of God every Man ought to enjoy his Right and that it was his Desire and the Request of the Council that he should free Robert his Brother from his Bonds and restore him and his Son William to the Dukedom He [9.] Ibidem C. D. His Answer to the Pope Answers the Pope that he did not take the Dukedom from his Brother but only secured his Fathers Inheritance which was given away to Dissolute Men Thieves and Robbers That he was called into Normandy by the Bishops Clergy and Religious to prevent the desolation of the Church and that what he did was not out of choice but by compulsion and invitation The Pope satisfied with his Answer to preserve the Country from desolation and ruine With this Answer which was the same the Norman Bishops would have given in the Council to the King of France the [1.] Ibidem fol. 866. B. Pope was satisfied and approved what he had done and said he had heard enough of the Duke and his Son And so leaving them to shift for themselves his next [2.] Ibid. fol. 866. B. C D. The Pope makes Peace between the Kings of France and England work was to strike up a Peace between the two Kings which was suddenly accomplished without the least cavil exception or difficulty all Castles and Strong Holds taken in the time of War being mutually delivered and Prisoners on both sides set at liberty The War being [3.] Ibidem fol. 867. C. King Henry comes for England ended and things well setled in Normandy King Henry commanded a Fleet to be prepared and many Military Men of all sorts that had served him well and faithfully to accompany him into England where he intended to bestow on some large Rewards and to raise others to great Honours At this time Ralph de Guader who had the Town of Montfort and other Towns and great Possessions in Britany upon the Kings consent and good will offered his Daughter in Marriage to his Natural Son Richard and with her the Towns and Castles of Breteul Gloz and Lire and his whole Honour in Normandy Which intended Marriage was never compleated When the Fleet [4.] Ibid. D. was ready in the Port of Bartaflot now Barfleur the King with a noble splendid Train the Wind at South set Sail on the Twenty fifth of November in the Evening and landed in England next Morning His Sons William and Richard had not the same good fortune for being in another Vessel called the White Ship whereof one Thomas Fitz-Stephen was Captain or Master [5.] Ibidem fol 668. A. Prince William c. with 300 Persons drowned who pretended to hold his Place or Office in Fee both Master and Mariners had got too much Wine in their Heads and striving to be the foremost Ship in the Fleet run upon a Rock and split the Ship so as she presently sunk with near 300 Persons in her [6.] Ibidem f. 870. A. B. Amongst whom were as before noted Prince William his half Brother Richard and his half Sister Maude the Wife of Rotro Earl of Mortain in Perch Richard Earl of Chester and many of the young Nobility who chose that Ship for the Company sake The King [7.] Ibidem fol. 871. A. distributed the Honours and Estates of such as perished in this Shipwrack very providently for he Married their Widows Daughters and Nieces to his Courtiers and Soldiers and gave with them their Patrimonies King Henry [8.] Ibidem A. D. 1120. having lost his Wife and Son by the Counsel of his Wise Men resolved to Marry and chose for his Wife Alice the fair Daughter of Godfrey Duke of Lovain She continued his Queen fifteen years but never bare him any Children Many [9.] Ibidem f. 875. C.D. An. Do. 1122. A new Contrivance against King Henry observing that King Henry had no Issue Male looked towards William Duke Roberts Son and endeavoured to set him up Amongst whom was Gualeran and Robert the Sons of Robert Earl of Mellent who had been Educated in the Kings Court and used as tenderly as his own Children and were both Knighted by him Gualeran besides his Fathers Estate the Earldom of Mellent in France had Beaumont and the Patrimony belonging to it in Normandy His Brother Robert had the Earldom of Leicester in England to whom the King gave Amicia the Daughter of Ralph de Guader which had been Contracted to his Son Richard and Breteul in Normandy with all the Estate appertaining to that Others of the [1.] Ibid. fol. 876. A. B. C. The Confederates Confederacy were Almaric de Monteforti Earl of Eureux the Kings perpetual Foe Hugo de Monteforti Hugo de Novo-Castello or New-Castle William Lupell Baldric de Braye and Pagan de Gisors c. who met in September and entred into a general Conspiracy The King [2.] Ibid. D. An. Do. 1122. Civil War in Normandy understood their Designs and in October summoned together a great Force at Rouen and on
Salisbury that favoured the Empress he raised all the Force he could and upon the first day of July in the Evening came thither and set fire on the Town where the Kings Soldiers lay which put the King into such a fright who then was in the Nunnery that he left his Plate and other Goods behind him and by the benefit of a dark Night hardly escaped with his Brother Henry Bishop of Winchester The Earls Soldiers killed many of the Kings and took many amongst them [2.] Gervas ut supra Col. 359. lin 1. c. William Martel taken Prisoner his Ransom William Martel for whose Redemption there were given 300 Marks and the Castle of Sherborn Not many days after [3.] Ib. n. 10. Milo Earl of Hereford dies An. Do. 1144. Milo Earl of Hereford one of the chief Counsellors most faithful Friends and greatest Supporters of the Empress died to her great Grief and Misfortune The next year King Stephen seized upon Geofry de Magna villa in his Court at St. Albans and kept him Prisoner [4.] Ibid. Col. 360. n. 10 Hen. Hunt ut supr n. 40. King Stephen seiseth Geofrey de Magna villa he gives up the Tower of London his Castles of Walden and Plessetâ— King Stephen besiegeth Lincoln and is baffled until he delivered up to the King the Tower of London his Castles of Walden and Plessets and not long after was slain first having given the King much trouble and Plundered Ramsey Abby After this the King again besieged the Castle of Lincoln where the Earl of Chester destroyed eighty of his [5.] Ib. n. 50. Workmen and Engineers so as he was forced to depart having done nothing From thence he gathered a great Force and marched to [6.] Ibidem b. n. â—0 Anno Domini 1145. The Earl of Gloucester worsted at Faringdon King Stephen besiegeth Walingford Castle Faringdon where the Earl of Gloucester was erecting a strong Fortress or Castle where they fought or rather skirmished and much Blood having been spilt the Earl was forced from his Enterprise From thence he came and besieged Walingford Castle against which when he saw he was not likely to prevail by Force or Art he built a Castle called [7.] Ibidem n. 30 40. Gervas Doroâ— col 1361. n. 10 20. He built Craumerse Castle against it The Earl of Chester makes his Peace he is made Prisoner and delivers Lincoln Castle Anno Domini 1146 1147. Craumersh and placed a Garison to keep in and hinder the Excursions of the Garison of Walingford Hither came to the King Ranulph Earl of Chester and made his Peace and added to his Forces a considerable Strength A while after he came to the Kings Court at Northampton where he was taken and kept in Prison until he had delivered to the King the Castle of Lincoln in which City he kept a most splendid Christmass Geofrey Earl of Anjou having subdued and [8.] The Earl of Anjou sends for his Son Henry Robert Earl of Gloucest dies settled Normandy and Anjou in Peace had a great desire to see his Son Henry and sent three Noblemen with a Guard for him to Earl Robert who Conducted him safely to Warham where he took Ship and afterwards never saw him for the Earl fell sick of a Fever at Gloucester of which he died on the First of November and was buried at Bristol in the Monastery he built there After his Death the [9.] Ibid. Col. 1363. lin 1. The Empress goes into Normandy to her Husband Empress wearied out with these Commotions and Wars in England before Lent passed over into Normandy choosing rather to live there with her Husband in Peace than undergo so many Troubles In the year 1149. Henry the Son of the [1.] Ibid. Col. 1366. n. 30 40. An. Do. 1149. Henry the Son of the Empress comes into England Empress Cum grandi Comitatu militum Electorum peditum rediit in Angliam returned into England with a great Company of choice Knights or Horsemen and Foot and stirred up the Thoughts and Courage of many against King Stephen for after the Deaths of Robert and Milo Earls of Gloucester and Hereford and the Empress having passed the Sea none could move the Noblemen against King Stephen but the true Heir to the Crown After his Appearance in England he took with him Ranulph Earl of Chester and Roger Earl of Hereford and some others He is Knighted by David King of Scotland his Great Uncle besides those he brought with him out of Normandy and went to David King of Scotland his Great Uncle who received him with great Joy and Honour and in the Solemnity of Pentecost Knighted him and some others This raised [2.] Ibidem n. 60. Col. 1367. lin 1. David King of Scots comes to Carlisle great Suspicion in King Stephen and his Son Eustachius for when the King of Scots with his Forces and his Nephew with the * So called in respect of the East parts of Scotland The two Kings of England and Scotland retreat one from another Western Barons of England were united in the foresaid Solemnity King Stephen came to York with a great Army lest they should surprize that City and stayed there unto the end of August but both the Kings one at Carlisle the other at York were afraid of one another and so of their own accords they retreated Stephen towards Lincoln and David toward Scotland but Eustachius Son of Stephen now also Knighted by his Father made great havock and spoil upon the Lands belonging to the Earls and Barons which favoured Henry [3.] Ibid. Col. 1367. n. 30. An. Do. 1150. These old Historians begin the year at Christmass Henry receives the Dukedom of Normandy who in the beginning of January in the year following sailed into Normandy and with his Fathers good liking received that Dukedom [4.] Chron. Norm f. 984. B. C. D. The King of France takes offence at it They are reconciled Geofrey Earl of Anjou Henry's Father dies as his Inheritance by his Mother At which the King of France took offence raised an Army and with Eustachius in his Company invaded Normandy and besieged the Castle of Arches Earl Geofry and his Son prepare to oppose him in the mean time he burnt the City of Sees and when the Father and Son had drawn together a great Army and Marshalled their Troops by the Mediation of Wise Men the King received the Homage of Henry for the Dukedom of Normandy and one Gerrard Berlas Lord of the Castle of Monstreul out of Prison and so rested satisfied Being thus in quiet Duke Henry intended to call together all his great Men of Normandy on the Fourteenth day of September at Lisieux to Treat and Consult about his Voyage into England in the interim his Father labouring under a great Fever died on the Seventh of the same Month and left him Lord and Heir of Normandy and Anjou Within less then half a year
in the mean time gave him three Castles for his support Chinon Mirabell and Lodun and because his Son Henry was then absent he adjured all the Bishops and Noblemen present That his Body should not be buried until he had Sworn he would not violate his Will The Father being dead the Son comes to his Interment and being told by the Noblemen what Charge his Father left with them he long considered what he had to do At length all cried out it would be a perpetual Disgrace to him to suffer his Fathers Body to remain unburied with great Reluctancy he took the Oath But when he was fully possessed of the Kingdom of England he procured from Pope Adrian an Englishman [4.] Ibidem n. 60. Pope Adrian dispenceth with King Henry's Oath Absolution from it for which Reason not thinking himself obliged by it he neither took Care to satisfie his Fathers Will or Brothers Request in yielding to him the Earldom of Anjou Whereupon his Brother fortifies his Castles and makes Incursions into all King Henry's Countries round about them The King passed over Sea raised an Army besieged and took the Castle of Chinon and so humbled his Brother that he rendred all his Castles and had his Pardon [5.] F. 95. n. 40 50. Matthew Paris says they came to an Agreement and that Geofry quitted his Claim for 1000 l. Annuity of English Money and 2000 l. Anjovin and placeth this Action in the year 1156. Soon [6.] Brompton Col. 1049. n. 10. The City of Nantes choose Geofry the Kings Brother their Earl after the City of Nants in Britany not knowing who was their true Lord chose Geofry for their Lord and gave him the Dominion thereof and the Country about it but he lived not long to enjoy it After whose death Conan Earl of Richmond in England took possession of it The King hearing his Brother was dead went over into France and claimed Nants in his Right and as his Successor and gave Command his Earldom of Richmond should be seized It was in [7.] Chron. Norman f. 994. A. B. An. Do. 1157. A Treaty between the Kings of England and France Margaret the King of France his Daughter to be Married to Henry the Kings Son August he went over into Normandy and the first thing dispatched was a Treaty between him and Lewis King of France upon the River Epta in the Confines of France and Normandy concerning Peace and a Marriage to be had between Margaret the Daughter of Lewis and his Son Henry what they Agreed upon was Sworn to on both sides And from thence the King of England went to Argentom and on the Eighth of September summoned the Army of Normandy to meet at Abrinces on Michaelmass-day to go against Conan Duke of Britany to force him to render Nants that he had invaded In the mean time he was invited to the French Court at Paris where he was Entertained with all the Joy and Splendour imaginable and coming from thence he brought the Kings Daughter with him and delivered her to be kept and Educated by Robert de Newburgh Justiciary of Normandy Robertus de Novo-Burgho Dapifer Justitiarius Normanniae Chron Norm f. 996. A. On Michaelmass-day Conan Earl of Rhenes and Duke of Britany with his Britans came to Abrinces now Auranches and delivered to the King the City of Nants with the whole County or Earldom belonging to it In December following [8.] Ibidem f. 994. D. Theobald Earl of Blois makes Peace with King Henry Theobald Earl of Blois made Peace with King Henry and delivered the two Castles of Ambois and Freteval Rotroc also Earl of Perch gave up the two Castles of Molins and Bon-Molins which were the Demeasns of the Duke of Normandy which Rotroc the Father of this Earl had seized upon after the death of King Henry the First At the same time he granted to this Earl Bellism Castle for which he did him Homage He kept his Christmass at Cherbough where he came to meet his Queen [9.] Ibidem f 995. A. B. An. Do. 1158. Alienor who a little before was come out of England From thence he passed to the Castle of [1.] Ibidem King Henry takes the Castle of Bray A Match propounded between Richard Son to King Henry and the Daughter of the Earl of Barcelone Blaye seated upon a steep Hill over-looking the River Garonne where he met Raymond Earl of Barcelone with whom he made a League confirmed with both their Oaths by which it was mutually agreed That Richard the Kings second Son should at years of Maturity Marry the Daughter of Raymond and when the Nuptials were performed he was to have setled upon him the Dukedom of Aquitan This Raymond's Paternal Inheritance was the Earldom of Barcelone and by Right of his Wife he was King of Aragon which he reserved for his Son he had by her King Henry having made this Alliance declares his [2.] Ibidem 995. C. D. An. Do. 1159. The Title of King Henry to the City and Earldom of Tholose Title to the City and Earldom of Tholose which by his Wife was thus Her Grandfather William Earl of Poictou and Duke of Aquitan had Engaged them for a great Sum of Money which he spent in an Expedition into the Holy Land to Raimond Earl of St. Giles which Money he paid not but left the Debt upon his Son William the Father of Queen Alienor For non-payment of this Money Anfonsus Son of Raimond and after him Raimond Son of Anfonsus held the City and Earldom The King of France Married Alienor Daughter and Heir of the last Duke of Aquitan c. and demanded and was ready to possess himself of the City and Earldom of Tholose when Raimond the then Earl of St. Giles Married his Sister Constance King Henry offered the Mortgage Money See John de Sennes The great Army raised to pursue the Title of Tholose the Widow of Eustachius Son of King Stephen and by that means he was permitted to enjoy it King Henry Married Alienor after she was Lawfully Divorced from the King of France and had Issue Male by her then four Sons and from thence grew his Title and Pretence to the City and Earldom To obtain which as his Wives Inheritance he summoned the Force of all England Normandy Aquitan and the other Countries subject to him He carried not with him in this Expedition any Agrarian or Ordinary Soldiers nor Burghers or Rusticks but took [3.] Ibid. D. of every Knights Fee in Normandy Sixty Sols of Anjou Money and in England and his other Countries what he thought good His Capital Barons with few others accompanied him Solidarios Milites innumeros but he collected or raised Stipendiary Soldiers innumerable In this Expedition was Malcolm King of Scots who was Knighted by him and William King Stephens Son Raimond Earl of St. Giles allarm'd with this great Preparation desired Assistance of the King of France who
put himself into the Town with an Army which King Henry for the [4.] Ibidem f. 996. A. The Person of the King of France secures the City Cahors taken c. Honour he bare to him would not besiege but by force and through fear the greatest part of the Earldom was made subject to him He also took the City of Cahors From this Action of the King of France arose great Enmity between the Kings and the Normans and French prosecuted one another with Fire and Sword Gervase the Monk of Canterbury * Col. 1381. lin 3. The Relation of the Expedition of Tholose by Gervase of Canterbury gives a different Relation of this Expedition to Tholose He says the King took Scutage to the value of One hundred and fourscore thousand Pounds in England and accordingly in his other Countries That there were with him the King of Scots and a certain King of Wales and all the Earls and Barons of England Normandy Aquitan Anjou and Gascony and many others of divers Countries Horse and Foot That the City was besieged from Midsummer to Holy-Mass and that the King of France defended it so well as the King of England could not take it and so was forced to raise his Siege Fitz-Stephens * P. 8. Col. 2. in vita Thomae c. Reports That in this Expedition the Chancellor had 700 chosen Knights or Gentlemen that served on Horseback of his own Family or Dependents Cancallarius de propria familia lectam manum Militum septingenta Milites habebat and that if the King had followed his Advice he had taken Tholose and the King of France in it but being possessed with a vain Superstition and Reverence toward his Lord the King of France who had made himself his Enemy he never invested the City but went from it satisfying himself with the taking the City of Cahors and many Castles in the Neighbourhood of Tholose for the keeping whereof all the Earls refusing that Service only the Chancellor with his Attendants and Retinue and Henry de Essexia the Kings Constable stayed there who after the King was gone took in three strong Castles which seemed inexpugnable The Chancellor himself appearing before them in his Arms and then passing the River Garonne reduced all that Country and made it subject to the King from whence he went to him and was received with great Favour and Honour In the Month of October [5.] Ib. C. D. King Henry having fortified Cahors as a Check upon Tholose and recommended it to the Care of Thomas * That is Thomas Becket his Chancellor and having fixed Garisons in Places necessary and convenient and confiding in the Assistance of Raimond Berengar Earl of Barcelone Tranchevel Earl of Nimes and William of Montpelier King Henry returns into Normandy destroys and burns Towns and Villages his faithful Confederates he returned into Normandy and thence with a great Force went into le Beauaisis destroyed the strong Castle of Guerberes and burnt many Towns and Villages Simon Earl of Montfort at that time delivered up to King Henry his Places of Strength in France Rochfort Montfort Espernon and the rest with great detriment to the King of France for none of his People could pass freely from Paris to Stamps or Orleans for being disquieted with the Normans he had put into those Castles and for this Cause a Truce or Cessation of Arms was made between the two Kings A Truce between the two Kings from December until eight days after Whitsunday In his return from this Expedition of Tholose William Earl of Moreton died without Children and King Henry took his Earldom into his Hands In this War * Ibid. p. 9. Col. 1 2. between the Kings of France and England on the Borders of their Territories the Chancellor besides his own Retinue the Seven hundred Horse or Knights had 1200 others Stipendiaries and Four thousand * Or it may be these 4000 Servientes were Foot for sometimes there were Servientes pedites Servientes or Ordinary Horse or Attendants for one Month and every Knight or Miles received every day to provide for his Horses and Esquires ad Equos Armigeros c. three Shillings of that Country Money Ipsi Milites The Knights themselves had their Diet from the Chancellor who though he was a Clerk Tilted with a Knight of France named Engelram de Trie and with his Lance unhorsed him and gained his Horse In the whole Army of the King his Knights were always the first that engaged and always dared most The King and Queen kept their [6.] Ibid. D. f. 997. A. Christmass at Falais from whence she went for England and not long after * 'T is so said in this Author But see Anno Dom. 1166. Maud the Empress sickned and died and by the Advice of her Son gave all her Riches to be distributed to the Churches Monasteries and the Poor In May following there was a [7.] Ibidem firm Peace Established between the two Kings * Vid. Rob. de Monte. An. Do. 1161. A Peace between the two Kings A Norman great Council or Parlement In July Henry called together all the Bishops Abbats and Barons of Normandy at New-Market and King Lewis all his Bishops Abbats and Barons at Beavais where they Treated about the Reception of Pope Alexander chosen by the Cardinals and the Rejection of Victor elected by the Emperor Frederic and his Friends They consented to the first and disowned the last In September Queen Alienor [8.] Ibid. B. by the Kings Command returned into Normandy and carried with her his Son Henry and his Daughter Maud. In October [9.] Ibidem the two Kings met again and confirmed the former Peace Upon the [1.] Ibid. Rad. de Diceto Col. 523. n. 20 30. A. D. 1160. Henry and Margaret are Married Third of November by the Authority and Allowance of Henry of Pisa and William of Papia Priest Cardinals and Legats to the Pope there was a Marriage solemnized between Prince Henry the King of Englands Son of Seven years of Age and Margaret Daughter of King Lewis by his second Wife Constantia the * King Lewis Married her after the Divorce of Alienor Chron. Nor f. 989. D. The three Templars Commanders of these Castles were Robert de Pirou Tostes of St. Omer and Richard de Hastings The King of France expelled them his Kingdom but the King of England received and much enriched them Hoved f. 282. a. n. 10. Daughter of Alfonso King of Spain about Three years of Age who was then at Newburgh in the Custody of King Henry by which Marriage he obtained the Castle of Gisors which by Agreement of the two Kings was to remain in the keeping of Knights Templars until the Consummation of a Marriage between these two young Persons and then to be delivered to King Henry With Gisors he received also as Dependencies upon it the Castles of Neausle
and New-Castell all seated near or upon the River Epta or Itta in the Confines of France and Normandy This enraged the King of * Ibidem f. 997. C. A quarrel between the two Kings about the Marriage of their Children France and his (a) King Lewis after the death of his second Wife within [2.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 532. n. 10. fifteen days Married Ala Daughter of Theobald Earl of Blois who had three Sons [3.] Chron. Nor f. 985. A. King Lewis his third Wife Ala Daughter to Theobald Earl of Blois Henry the elder who had the Earldoms of Troyes and Champagn and whatever his Father had beyond the River Seyn Theobald the second who had the Earldoms of Chartres and Blois and Le Dunois Stephen the third who had the Honour of Servicius in Berry What this Honours was I find not Wives three Brothers Henry Theobald and Stephen which three Earls joyned their Forces and began to fortifie Chaumont which was of the Fee of Blois Castle that from thence they might infest Tourain King Henry no sooner hears of this Design but immediately without calling together many Forces goes to frustrate it The Earls hearing he was coming left their Work He presently took this new Fortress and about 120 Soldiers in it and demolished it and then fortified Ambois and Freteval and placed Garisons in them and went to Mans where he kept his Christmass with Queen Alienor After [4.] Ibidem f. 997. D. An. Do. 1161. The King takes possessession of the Castles in Normandy this he took into his own hands all the strong Holds of the Earl of Mellent and his other Barons in Normandy and committed them to the Care of his Trusty Friends and repaired and strengthned all his Castles in the edge of Normandy toward France and well Manned them especially Gisors Theobald Earl of Blois [5.] Ibidem f. 998. A. did ill Offices and made Contention between the two Kings who after Easter drew their Armies into the Field one against the other to defend their Countries first in Le Veuxin afterward in Le Dunois He takes the strong Castle of Agen. every day expecting Battle at length they made Truce without Bloodshed From hence King Henry after Midsummer marched into Aquitan and besieged the famous Castle of Agen seated upon the River Garonn strengthned as well by Nature as Art and in a week made himself Master of it on * The Tenth of August St. Laurence-day to the admiration and terror of the Gascoins The [6.] Ibidem The King calls a great Council Complains of the Bishops and their Ministers c. King spent his Christmass at Bayeux and in the first Sunday in Lent he called together the Bishops Abbats and Barons of all Normandy at Roven and made Complaint of the Bishops their Ministers and their Viscounts and Commanded the * See Append. n. 15. Council of Lillebon should be observed Some time this [7.] Ibid. D. The Kings of England and France perform the Office of Yeomen of the Stirrup to Pope Alexader year the two Kings came together at a place on the side of the River Loir and received Pope Alexander with great Honour and performing the Office of Yeomen or Gentlemen of his Stirrup and afterward walking on Foot one led his Horse by the Bridle on the right side and the other on the left until they brought him to a Pavillion prepared for him by whose Mediation a firm Peace was made between them The King [8.] Chron. Gervas Col. 1382. n. 10. busied with Transmarin Affairs sent over his Chancellor Thomas to manage his Business in England and he brought with him Henry the Kings Son to whom the [9.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 533. n. 10. An. Do. 1162. The Bishops and Abbats swear Fealty to Henry Son of King Henry Thomas the Chancellor or Thomas Becket made Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Bishops and Abbats of all England by the Kings Command sware Fealty and Thomas the Chancellor was the first that did Homage to him saving his Faith to his Father so long as he should live or would continue King He came over in April or the beginning of May but what was done in England upon his coming I find not more than that by the Kings Command and Directions he was chosen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury in May and was Consecrated on the Octaves of Pentecost or Trinity-Sunday In December following [1.] Ibidem Col. 534. n. 20. Chron. Norm f. 999. A. An. Do. 1136. The King comes to England having composed all things in France He Commands a Recognition to be made of his Barons Rights in Normandy the King having ordered and setled his Affairs and provided for and furnished his Castles with Men Arms and Victuals in Normandy Anjou Aquitan Gascony Tourain and Main came to Barfleu intending to pass into England before Christmass but detained by contrary Winds passed that Solemnity with his Queen Alienor at Cherbourgh and in January they set Sail and landed at Southampton on the 26 th of that Month where he was received by almost all the Nobility with great joy [2.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 536. n. 10. The Kings of South-Wales and North-Wales do Homage to the King Before his coming over he Commanded Rotroc Bishop of Eureux and Raynald of St. Valery to make Recognitions in the several Bishopricks what Legal Rents Rights and Customs belonged to the King and Barons I can find nothing more of moment done this year [2.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 536. n. 10. The Kings of South-Wales and North-Wales do Homage to the King but that Malcolm King of Scots Rese King of South-Wales Owen King of North-Wales and all the greatest Men of that Nation did Homage to the King of England and his Son Henry upon the First of July at Woodstocke The Norman Chronicle adds [3.] F. 999. B. That he gave his Brother David and some of his Barons Sons Pledges for his good Behaviour or preservation of Peace and that the King might have such of his Castles as he pleased All the next year is wholly taken up with the Controversie between the King and Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and indeed there is very little else to be found in any of our Historians until after his death which happened in the year 1170. I shall here pass it by and reserve it to another place towards the end of this Kings Reign and then report it distinctly The Welsh notwithstanding their Homage and Oaths of Fealty made to the King and notwithstanding their Hostages given The Welsh unquiet [4.] Joh. Bromton Col. 1059. n. 10. An. Do. 1165. harass the Marches and make Incursions into England The King raiseth a great Army enters their Country and forceth them to crave Peace The [5.] N. 30. An. Do. 1166. next year also King Henry marcheth with an Army into Wales to confirm them in the observation of the Peace and then passed beyond
been given to them VI. They were to [8.] Ibidem enquire concerning the Goods of such as * That is Tho. Becket the Arch-Bishop and his Friends fled by reason of the Assize of * That is Tho. Becket the Arch-Bishop and his Friends Clarendon and of the Goods of such as suffered by it what was done and received of every Hundred Township or Man They were to enquire whether any one was unjustly accused in that Assize for Reward Promise Hatred or any unjust way or if any one accused was released or his Judgment reversed for Reward Promise or Affection and who received the Reward They were to enquire concerning the Aid to Marry the Kings Daughter what was received in every Hundred in every Township and of every Man and who received it VII They were to [9.] Ibidem n. 20 30. enquire what and how much the Foresters took their Bayliffs or Ministers or Servants after the time aforesaid in their Bayliwicks or Liberties after what manner and upon what occasion and if by Connivance they omitted to exact what was due to the King for any Reward Promise or Friendship and of the forfeitures of Forests and of such as forfeited in the Forests concerning Harts Hinds or other Wild Beasts And if the Foresters [1.] Ibidem or their Servants took any Man or did upon Accusation take Security and Pledges for him and then released him without Justice They were to enquire who did these things and to note them VIII And all that were [2.] Ibidem n. 40. accused of any Fault were to give Security and Pledges to appear before the King on the day they should appoint to do such Right to the King and his Subjects as they ought to do and such as had no Pledges were to be imprisoned IX They [3.] Ibidem n. 50. were to enquire if the Sheriffs or any of their Bayliffs or Lords of Towns or their Bayliffs had returned any thing they had taken or had made their peace with their Men or Tenents or Vassals to stop their Complaints for coming before the King X. They [4.] Ibidem were to enquire who had been Amerced and if any one had been excused or abated any thing of what he was first Amerced and by whom it was done XI Also [5.] Ibidem They were to enquire in every Bishoprick what and how much and for what Cause the Arch-Deacons or Deans Rural Deans took of any one and the whole was to be written down and noted and they were to enquire who ought Homage to the King and had not done it to him nor his Son and there was a Roll to be made of them This wonderful [6.] Ibidem n. 60. Col. 1412. lin 4. n. 10 20. An. Do. 1170. The day of General Appearance was the Fourteenth of June Who appeared Inquisition was made and all were commanded to appear before the King at London on the Fourteenth day of June And upon that day the Bishops Abbats Earls Barons Sheriffs Bayliffs and Aldermen of all England appeared with their Fidejussors or Sureties in great fear for they knew not the Kings Design or Intentions King Henry cauâ—ed his Son to be Crowned On that very day he Knighted his Son Henry who came out of Normandy but that Week and presently commanded him to be Anointed and Crowned all present being astonished and wondring at this Act. The Arch-Bishop of York performed the Coronation Ceremonies which ended the new King by Command of his Father The Earls and Barons do Fealty to him received the Fealties of all the Earls and Barons and thus freed from their fear they all departed to their own Homes Benedictus Abbas gives a shorter Account of this Inquisition and in some things different â—At Easter saith he [7.] P. 29. b. p. 30. a. the King kept his Court at Windsor where were present at that Feast William King of Scots A great Council at London and David his Brother and almost all the Nobility and Great Men as well Bishops as Earls and Barons from whence after the Solemnity he came to London and held a great Council for the Coronation of his eldest Son Henry and concerning the Statutes of the Kingdom In this Council he turned out of their Offices almost all the Sheriffs of England and their Bayliffs for abusing his People and caused them to do Right to himself and them by causing all the * Omnes homines Regni sui scilicet Comites Barones Milites Francos tenentes etiam Villicanos c. Willielmum Regem Scotiae Davidem fratrem ejus omnes Comites Barones Francos tenentes Regni sui fecit c. The King of Scots his Earls and Barons swear Fealty to the new King Men of his Kingdom Earls Barons Knights Franc-Tenents and also Husbandmen in every Shire to Swear what and how much the Sheriffs and their Bayliffs had taken of them and what with Judgment of the County or Hundred and what without Judgment and for what Forfeitures But by this Inquisition the Nation received much damage for the King restored some of the Sheriffs to their Places and they used greater Extortion than before On the Fourteenth day of June in the presence of almost all the Earls Barons and Noblemen of the Land he caused his eldest Son Henry to be Crowned and Consecrated King by Roger Arch-Bishop of York and Legat from the Apostolick See and the day after caused William King of Scots David his Brother and all the Earls Barons and Franc-Tenents of his Kingdom to become the Men of the new King his Son and made them Swear Allegiance and Fealty to him against all Men saving the Fealty they â—ought to himself On [8.] Ibidem King Henry goes into Normandy The King of France angry that his Daughter was not Crowned Queen The new King made Vice-Roy of England and a new Seal made for him Midsummer-day the King the Father was at Portsmouth from whence he sailed into Normandy for that King Lewis of France was angry that his Daughter Margaret was not Crowned with the new King her Husband and threatned War there At his departure he granted to his Son to do all Right and Justice in his absence by a new Seal he commanded to be made for him On [9.] Ibidem p. 30. b. The two Kings are Friends the Twenty second of July on St. Mary Magdalens-day the two Kings met at Vandeure in Main where upon a Conference they agreed very well From * Ibidem King Henry fell into a dangerous Sickness in Normandy He divides his Kingdom and Lands amongst his Sons this Conference he returned into Normandy and about the Feast of St. Laurence or Tenth of August he fell into so great a Sickness as it was reported through all France he was dead In this Sickness he divided his Kingdom and Lands amongst his Sons To Henry the eldest he gave the Kingdom of
Wales to meet him viz. Rese the Son of Griffin King of South-Wales David Son of Owen King of North-Wales Cadwalan King of Delwain Owen de Kevilian Griffin de Bromfield Madoc Son of Gervet Chone and many others of the most Noble of Wales who all did Homage and sware Fealty to him against all Men and that they would keep Peace with him and his Kingdom To King David who had Married King Henry's Sister he gave the Land of Ellesmar and to King Rese the Land of Merionith These things [9.] F. 323. b. n. 20 30. Hoveden says were done in a General Council at Oxford and that there King Henry made his Son John King of Ireland c. More of which afterwards On the Sunday before [1.] Ben. Abb. p. 98. b. 99. a. The Tenents in Capite attend the King with Horse and Arms. Ascension-day the King was at Winchester where by his Precept all the Earls Barons and almost all the Knights or Soldiers that held of him in Capite came to him prepared with Horse and Arms to know his Commands for at that time he had caused most of the Ships of England and Normandy to be ready at Portsmouth and Southampton to Transport them with the King On Ascension-day the King gave them leave to go Home and return to Winchester again in the Octaves of St. John Baptist which is the first of July and then to execute his Commands The King [2.] Ibidem p. 103. a. He defers his passing into Normandy with his Tenents in Capite until he sent to the King of France about the Contracts of Marriage made between their Children was at Winchester at the time appointed and his Tenents in Capite ready to pass into Normandy with him but deferred his Voyage until the Envoys he had sent to the King of France [3.] Ibidem p. 99. b. to know whether he would stand to his Bargain and Contract concerning his two Daughters Margaret and Alice and his two Sons Henry and Richard and whether he would give them the Lands he promised them in Marriage were returned They came [4.] Ibidem p. 104. a. The King of France refuseth to stand to his part of the Bargain but would force the King of England to make good his and procures the Popâ—s Legat to threaten an Interdict The King of England by â—is Bishops Appeals from the Legat to the Pope not themselves but by special Messengers let the King know the effect of their Negotiation with the King of France which was That the King of France would part with no Land and yet expected his Son Richard Earl of Poictou should Marry his Daughter Alice and if he did not the Popes Legat threatned and was ready to put all his Dominions as well on one side of the Sea as the other under an Interdict The King Advised with his Bishops viz. Richard Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Geofry of Ely Bartholomew of Exceter and John Bishop of Chichester and other Wise Men of his Kingdom that were then with him what he should do in this matter They Counselled the King by the Bishops that were there to Appeal to Pope Alexander against his Legat which they did and put the King themselves and the whole Kingdom under his Protection and the King sent to the Arch-Bishop of York that he and his Province should make the same Appeal as the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury had done in his Province This was about the Twelfth of July Notwithstanding this [5.] Hoved. f. 325. b. n. 30. Appeal the King about the middle of [6.] Ben. Abb. p. 107. b. He passeth with his Army over Sea August passed into Normandy from Portsmouth and almost all the Earls Barons and Knights of England followed him On the Twenty first of [7.] Hoved. ut supra The Covenants of Marriage between the Children of the two Kings Upon Conference they agree September the two Kings came to a Conference at Yurâ— in presence of the Legat and the great Men of both Kingdoms where the King of England gave his Faith that Richard his Son Earl of Poictou should take Alice Daughter of the King of France to Wife if her Father would give him with her in Marriage the City of Bourges with its Appurtenances as it was Covenanted between them and to Henry his Son all the French Veuxin that is all the Land between Gisors and Pontoise which he promised to give him in Marriage with his Daughter And because the King of France would not perform these things he would not permit his Son Richard to Marry his Daughter Alice Yet in this Conference by Advice of the Cardinal and Legat and the Princes of both Kingdoms there was Amity and final Concord made between them Benedict the Abbat [8.] P. 108. a. says That King Henry granted that his Son Richard should * He was Affianced to her but never Married Marry the Daughter of the King of France and so they made Peace which was confirmed by their Faith Oaths and Seals Which was to this [9.] Ibidem purpose I. They Agreed [1.] Append. n. â—6 Articles of Agreement between the two Kings to take upon them the Cross and to together to Jerusalem against the Infidels II. That if either were injured or affronted they should assist each other III. That all manner of Discord might be cut off between them they granted each to other that from thence forward neither of them should demand of the other any Lands or other things they were in possession of except what was in Contention between them in Avergn and except the Fee of Castle-Ralph and the small Fees and Divises or Limits of Lands in Berry about which if they could not Agree between themselves there were three Barons and three Bishops named on either part who were to determine of their Right according to the Oaths of such Lay-Men as understood and knew it and they to stand to their Determination IV. That if either of them should die in their Journey the other should have the Management of the Men and Money and whole Affair V. That if they should both die in the Journey they were before they set forth to choose such of their honest and faithful Men or Vassals de probis fidelibus hominibus nostris to whom they should commit their Money the Leading and Government of their Soldiers and the Ordering of the whole Service or Expedition VI. They were to appoint such Governors of their Dominions in their absence as in all Difficulties should assist one another VII That Tradesmen Merchants and all Men as well Clerks as Laymen with all their Goods should be secure and free from molestation in both their Dominions This Treaty [2.] Hoved. f. 326. a. n. 50 c. Ben. Ab. p 109. b. The Statute of Verneul so called being ended the King of England went to Verneul and there upon the Petition of the Good Men of Grammont he Ordained in the presence
de armis habendis in Anglia Soon after his return he made this Assise of Arms. 1. Whosoever hath a Knights Fee shall have a Coat of Mail an Helmet a Shield and a Lance and every Knight shall have so many Coats of Mail Helmets Shields and Lances as he hath Knights Fees 2. Every Free Layman that hath in Goods or Rent to the value of * The value of the Goods I suppose mistaken it should rather have been Sixty Marks Sixteen Marks shall have a Coat of Mail an Helmet a Shield and a Lance. 3. Every Free Layman that hath in Goods Ten Marks shall have an Iron Gorget an Iron Cap and a Lance. 4. All Burgesses that is Inhabitants or Freemen of Burghs and the whole Community of Freemen shall have a Wambais that is a Coat twilted with Wooll Towe or such other Materials a Cap of Iron and a Lance. And [4.] Ibidem n. 40 50. Every one to have Arms and to keep them for the Kings use every one shall swear That before the Feast of St. Hillary he will have these Arms and will be faithful to King Henry the Son of Maud the Empress and that he will keep these Arms for his Service according to his Command for the Defence of the King and Kingdom and no Man when he hath these Arms shall Sell Pawn Lend or any way put them out of his Custody neither shall his Lord any way take them from his Man or Vassal neither by Forfeiture Gift Pawn or Security for any thing nor any other way When the Possessor of these Arms dieth they shall remain to his Heir and if his Heir be not of such Age as he can use Arms his Guardian shall have the Custody of his Arms as well as of his Body and shall find a Man to use them in the Service of the King while the Heir is of sufficient Age. None to keep more Arms by him than the Assise alloweth If any Burgess hath more Arms than he ought to have by this Assise he may sell or give them to any Man that will use them in the Kings Service and no Man may have or keep by him more Arms than he ought to have by this Assise Also no Jew may have a Coat of Mail or a Jerkin of Mail in his Custody but may sell or give or so part with it that it may be for the Service of the King No Jow to haâ—o a Coat of Mall in his Custody Also no Man shall carry Arms out of England unless by the Kings Command nor sell Arms to any Man that shall carry them out of England Neither Merchant or other Person shall carry them out of England And the Justices shall swear as many Knights or other Freemen and Legal-men in the Hundreds and Burghs in every County as they think fit whether they have Goods to such a value as they ought to have a Coat of Mail All that have Sixteen Marks in Goods or Rent to have of their own a Coat of Mail an Helmet Shield and Lance. an Helmet a Shield and a Lance and that they shall distinctly name all those in their Hundreds and Neighbourhoods or Burghs that have Sixteen Marks in Goods or Rents and the Justices shall cause the Jurors and all others to be written in a Roll and the value of their Goods or Rents And then they shall cause this Assise to be read before such as are to find Arms and cause them to swear they will provide Arms according to the value of their Goods and Rents and the Direction of this Assise and that they will keep them for the Defence of King Henry Son to Maud the Empress and his Kingdom according to his Command And if it happen that any one that is to find Arms be not in the County when the Justices are there they are to appoint him a time to appear before them in another County And if they come not to them in any County through which they pass An. Do. 1181. let him come to Westminster eight days after Michaelmass and then take the Oath as he loves himself and all that he hath and let him be Commanded that he have such Arms as he ought before the Feast of St. Hillary aforesaid All that make default to be punished in their Limbs and Members None to be of the Jury but such as are worth Sixteen or Ten Marks No Ship to be sold or Timber carried out of England None to receive the Oath of Arms but Freemen Also the Justices shall cause to be published in all Counties through which they go that all may take notice That the King will not punish such as make Default in their Lands or Goods but in their Limbs or Members None shall be upon the Jury but such as are worth Sixteen or Ten Marks Also the Justices shall Command in all Counties through which they pass That no Man as he loves himself and all that he hath do buy or sell any Ship to be sent out of England nor that he carry or cause to be carried any Timber out of England And the King Commands that none be received to the Oath of Arms but a Freeman After [5.] Ibidem f. 35â— a. n. 40 50. Young Henry's undutifulness causes the King to go into Normandy An Do. 1182. Young Henry submits to his Fathers Will and Pleasure Christmass the undutifulness of the young King caused his Father to go into Normandy for he and his Wife had gotten to his Brother Philip King of France by whose instigation he wrought all the mischief imaginable against him notwithstanding the Oaths he had taken to be obedient just and faithful to him He again demanded Normandy of his Father or some other of his Dominions but once more he returned to him and sware to submit to his Will and Pleasure and that he would not recede from it nor desire more for his own Expences than One hundred Pounds a day of Anjou Money nor more for his Wife than Ten Pounds a day And further the King granted to pay One hundred of his Knights for that year Next [6.] Ib. f. 352. b. n. 30 40. year at Christmass the old King and all his three Sons were at Caen in Normandy and with them his Son in Law Henry Duke of Saxony and his Wife and Children the Arch-Bishops of Canterbury and Dublin were there also and many Bishops Earls and Barons The young King receives Homage of his Brother Geofrey but Richard refuses After the Solemnity the old King Commanded the King his Son to take Homage of Richard Earl of Poictou and Geofry Earl of Britany his Brothers He received the Homage of Geofry but Richard refused to do Homage to him yet afterwards when Richard offered it he would not receive it Whence Richard grew very angry retired from Court and went into Poictou where he built new Castles and fortified the old His Brother King Henry followed him and
Christians until they returned from their Pilgrimage to the Holy Land The King of France destitute of his Friends desired a Conference with the King of England he consents and on the Morrow being the Sixth of October St. Faith's-day they met at Chasteaux The Terms propounded were [7.] Ibidem That the King of France should resign what he had taken since the Truce The Treaty for Peace renewed but without effect and that Earl Richard should resign what he had taken by War from the Earl of St. Giles and for Security the King of France demanded of the King of England the Castle of Passy which he would not grant and so they parted Enemies The King of France took the Castle of Palud as he went from thence and passed on to Castle-Radulf and brought the Plundering Brabanters from thence to Bourges promising them their Pay where he took away their Horses Arms and all their Goods and turned them off naked and without Arms. Earl [8.] Ibidem f. 368. a. lin 6. Richard offers to stand to a Tryal in the French Court. Richard offered to come into the Court of France and stand to the Law there for what had been done between him and the Earl of St. Giles that so he might make Peace between the two Kings which much displeased the King of England On the Nineteenth of October [9.] Ib. f. 370. a. n. 30. they had another Conference between Bon-Molins and Suleini where the King of France offered to render whatsoever he had taken by War upon Condition he would deliver his Sister Alice to Earl Richard his Son that he might make her his Wife and that he would permit him as his Heir to receive the Homages and Fealties of the Men of all his Dominions But King Henry being sensible of the ill Consequences of that and the Injuries and Mischiefs he had received for permitting it to his Son Henry and by exalting him he utterly refused to do it whereupon Richard was exceedingly displeased Richard swears Fealty to the King of France and without the knowledge or Consent of his Father did Homage to the King of France for all the Tenements or Lands of his Father in that Kingdom and sware Fealty to him against all Men and adhered to him and for his Homage and Fealty gave him Castle-Radulph and Issoudun with the whole Honour Yet the two Kings made a Truce [1.] Ibidem n. 30 40. A Truce agreed upon and Earl Richard Anathematized until the Feast of St. Hilary and Henry Bishop of Alba and a Cardinal whom the Pope had sent to reconcile the two Kings Anathematized Earl Richard as a Disturber of the Peace After the Feast of St. Hilary [2.] Ib. f. 37. b. n. 30. The King of France and Earl Richard wasted the King of England's Dominions when the time of Truce was expired the King of France Earl Richard and many other Earls and Barons that had left the King his Father and the Britans to whom the King of France and Earl Richard had given their Charts that they would not make a separate Peace with the King of England excluding them in a Hostile manner entred the Dominions of the King of England and wasted them every way John _____ Cardinal came from the [3.] Ibidem n. 40 50. An. Do. 1189. Pope to the two Kings to exhort them to Peace and he obtained of them to stand to the Judgment or Determination of himself the Arch-Bishops of Canterbury Rhemes Roven and Bourges and appointed them a day of meeting near Ferte-Bernard eight days after Whitsunday All to be Excommunicated that were Hinderers of the Peace except the two Kings and the Cardinal and four Arch-Bishops pronounced Sentence of Excommunication against all Men Clerks as well as others that should hinder the making of Peace excepting the Persons of the Kings themselves They all met at the time and place appointed and the Earls and Barons of both Kingdoms In this Conference the King of France demanded of the King of England that his Sister Alice might be given in Marriage to Richard Earl of Poictou and that the Homages and Fealties c. as in the last Treaty And further that John his Brother might receive the Cross and go to Jerusalem The King of England [4.] Ibidem f. 372. a. l. n. 2. The Treaty ends without success Answered That he would never consent to it and offered the King of France that if he would agree to it his Sister Alice should be given in Marriage to his Son John and that all things should be performed more fully than he desired but the King of France would not yield to this and so the Treaty ended without success The Cardinal [5.] Ibidem n. 10. The King of France values not the threats of an Interdict threatned the King of France that if he made not Peace with the King of England he would interdict his Dominions The King told him he valued iâ— not and said it belonged not to the Church of Rome to pronounce Sentence against the Kingdom of France when the King chastised his Men homines suos or Subjects for their Contumacy and Rebellion and the Injuries done to the Crown And added That the Cardinal had smelt or received some of the King of England's Sterlings The King [6.] Ibidem of France presently attempted * i. e. Firmitas Bernardi the Fortress of Bernard The King of France defeats the King of England's Army Ferte-Bernard and took it and Montfort and Beaumont and Mayen and Tours Ambais and Chaumont and all the Castles and Towns round the Country nothing stood before him Coming to the Relief of Mayen the King of England's Army was routed and he fled with 700 Horse many were slain in the pursuit The King with a few got into the Castle of Chinon [7.] Ibidem n. 20 30 40. And the King of France had now Conquered all Tourain and Main In the [8.] Ibidem n. 50. later end of June or beginning of July Philip Earl of Flanders William Arch-Bishop of Rhemes and Hugh Duke of Burgundy came to the King of England who was then at Saumur to make a Peace between him and the King of France [9.] Ibidem b. n. 10. The two Kings and Earl Richard with their Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons met at that time between Tours and Arasic where the King of England submitted himself wholly to the Will and Pleasure of the King of France King Henry does Homage to the King of France and then did Homage to him because in the beginning of the War he had defied him and denied his Dominion and the King of France had disowned and disclaimed his Homage These were the Terms of Peace [1.] Ibidem n. 20. The Articles of Peace between King Henry and the King of France Dictated by the King of France First â—That his Sister Alice which the King of England had in Custody
into Ireland and goes from thence through England into Normandy to meet the Cardinals His Son and his Wife Margaret Crowned at Winchest A. D. 1172. They return into Normandy the King was at Dublin in Ireland and there remained until the beginning of Lent and then removed to Wexford where he staid until Easter Then Knowing That the Cardinals Theodin and Albert were sent into Normandy from the Pope He setled the affairs in Ireland as well as he could and passed to Milford Haven from thence to St. Davids from thence to Portsmouth from whence carrying along with him his Son Henry he passed into Normandy and found the Cardinals at Caen and by their advice made an agreement with the King of France about the Crowning of his Daughter and also by their Consent and advice sent back his Son into England and with him Rotrod Arch-Bishop of Roven Giles Bishop of Eureux and Roger Bishop of Worcester to Crown him and Margaret his Wife the Daughter of King Lewis and They Crowned them at Winchester in the Church of St. Swithen on the 27th of August And presently after the Coronation The King the Son and the Queen his Wife The Arch-Bishop of Roven and the Bishops of Eureux and Worcester Returned into Normandy About a moneth after [8] Append. N. 61. King Henry's Purgation for the Death of Thomas on the 27th of September Henry King of England the father and King Henry his Son and Rotrod Arch-Bishop of Roven and all the Bishops and Abbats of Normandy met at Abrinces now Auranches in the presence of Theodin and Albert the Cardinals In whose Audience The King of England the Father in the Church of St. Andrew the Apostle purged himself and asserted his innocence by Oath upon the Reliques of Saints and the holy Gospels That he neither Commanded nor desired the Arch-Bishop should be Slain and when he heard it he Grieved vehemently But because those Malefactors that Killed him could not be had and because he feared they might have perpetrated that Prophane Deed by Reason of the Commotion and Trouble they Observed in his mind he made the following Oath of Satisfaction Hâ—s Oath of satisfaction and Pennance First he Sware That he would not Dâ—part from Pope Alexander nor his Catholic Successors so long as they Acknowledged him a Catholic King He Sware also That he would not Hinder nor Suffer to be hindred Appeals but that they might freely be made in his Kingdom to the Pope in Ecclesiastical Causes But so as if any persons were suspected by him They should give security they would do no injury to him nor his Kingdom He Sware That from Christmass following he would undertake the Crusado and go to Jerusalem for three years and That if he were Diverted by going into Spain against the Saracens he would Give the Templars so much money as by their own judgment should be sufficient for the Mainteining 200 Souldiers one year for the Defence of the Land of Jerusalem He Pardoned all Clercs and Laics which were in Exile with Thomas and Granted they might freely and in Peace return to their own again He Sware also That he would Restore the possessions of the Church of Canturbury if any had been taken away as fully as it injoyed them a year before the Arch-Bishop went out of England He Sware also That the Customs which were brought in Contrary to the Churches of his Land in his time should be wholly laid aside and dismissed All these things he Sware to Observe in good Faith and without Deceit and Caused his Son Henry to do the like except in such things as referred to his own person And That they might remain in the memory of the Roman Church The King the Father caused his Seal to be put to the Writing which conteined these Articles or Heads together with the Seals of the Cardinals Who upon this Purgation Submission and Satisfaction Granted him a [9] Append. N. 62. Chart of Absolution On the Morrow after the Cardinals held a great [1] Hoved. f. 303. b. n. 50. A great Council in Normandy with the Decrees Council with the Arch-Bishop and Bishops and Clergy of Normandy and then and there the following Decrees were made and injoyned to be observed inviolably by all men I. That Children [2] Append. n. 63. A. D. 1172. should not be admitted to the Government and administration of Churches with Cure of Souls II. The Sons of Priests should not be placed in the Churches of their Fathers III. a. Lords of Maners that built Churches upon their fee put in Priests to serve the Cure and received such profits of the Church as they and the Priest agreed upon and the Priests only staid in the Cure as long as they pleased Laics should not receive part of the oblations of the Church IV. b. This fourth Canon was to the same purpose for they let them out annually to such as would serve the Cure and give most for them That Churches should not be Committed to annual Vâ—cars V. That the Priests of great Churches which had sufficient Revenues should be Compelled to have another Priest under him VI. That Priests should not be Ordained without a certain Title VII Churches should not be let to annual farm VIII That nothing of the third part of the Tithes should be taken from the Priest that officiated IX c. That is such as built the Churches and were Patrons had liberty to present the first Clerc but not afterwards that was against the Liberty of the Church and Canons for investitures Those which held Titles by haereditary right might have leave to give them to what qualifyed Clerc he would upon Condition that * i e. after the first presentation after him They should revert to the Church to which they belonged X. The Husband ought not to turn Monk or Religious his wife staying in the World or remaining Secular Nor on the Contrary unless they were both past the works of the Flesh XI In the Advent of the Lord fasting and abstinency from flesh was Commanded to all that could bear it Especially to Clercs and Knights or Military Men. XII Jews or Jewish Clercs should not Exercise secular Authorities i. e. Covetous and Vsurers XIII Item de * These were French not English pounds novis libris Excommunicationis c. And the Goods of Dying people which the Priests carryed away and the Blessings in Marriage and Baptism and of the Forty and Eight pounds which were Exacted for the absolution of Excommunicated persons nothing was perfected because the Bishops of Normandy would not receive that Decree King Henry the Father [3] Hoved. f. 307. a. n. 40. King Henry gives the Arch-Bishopric to Richard Prior of Dover c. against the Prohibition of King Henry his Son and after an Appeal made to the Pope gave to Richard the Prior of Dover the Arch-Bishopric of Canturbury To Reginald the Son of Iocelin Bishop of Salisbury
the King of France 24000 Marks Father ingaged to pay him and so obteined his Love and Favor And the King of France Restored unto him all things which he had taken from his Father in the last War as well Castles as Cities and Fortresses Towns and Lands While he remained in Normandy His Mother Queen Alienor released Prisoners his Mother Queen Alienor went from City to City and from Castle to Castle as she pleased and sent Commissioners into all Counties for the Releasing of Prisoners for the Soul of her Lord Henry having learnt from her own Experience what Afflictions Prisons were * F. 152. n. 20. Mat. Paris says she had been closely imprisoned by her Husband Sixteen Years and now her Son gave her leave to Direct and Order the Nation as she pleased in his absence She Commanded [4] Ibid. n. 30. What sort of Prisoners were released by Precept from the Duke her Son That all who were taken for Trespass in Forests should be set at Liberty and all that were Out-lawed for any thing done in Forests might return free and acquitted from all Forfeitures That all such as had been taken and restrained upon the Kings Will and Pleasure or upon the Will and Pleasure of his Justice and were not imprisoned by the Common Accusation of the County or Hundred or upon an Appeal should be Released And such of Those as were accused by the County or Hundred that could find Sureties for their Appearance and Tryal if they were prosecuted should be set at Liberty Those also that were Imprisoned upon an Appeal for any Heinous Crime if they had Sureties might be at Liberty And all such as were Out-lawed upon Accusations upon Common Fame might return and give Security to stand Tryal and such as were Out-lawed upon Appeal if they could make Peace with their Adversaries might be free All those that were Appealed by such as confessed themselves Malefactors Qui se Malefactores Cognoscunt were Released And those Malefactors who had their Lives and Limbs given them for their Appealing others were to Abjure the Realm and Depart And such Malefactors who voluntarily Appealed others without a Pardon for their Lives and loss of Limbs were to be kept in Prison until further Consideration After which she Commanded [5] Ibid. n. 50. The Oath of Fidelity taken by all Freemen That every Freeman of the whole Kingdom or Government should swear Et praecepit Quod unusquisque liberorum hominum totius Regni juraret That he would bear Faith to Richard King of England the Son of King Henry and Queen Alienor for the Preservation of their Lives and Limbs and their Terrene Honor Quod fidem portabit Domino Richardo Regi Angliae filio Domini Regis Henrici Dominae Alienorae Râ—ginae de vita membris suis honore terreno As to their Liege Lord against all Men and Women that could Live and Dye sicut ligio Domino suo contra omnes homines foeminas Qui vivere possunt Mori and That they would be obedient to his Laws and would assist him in all things for the Conservation of his Peace and Justice Et quod ii Justiciabiles erunt auxilium ei praestabunt ad pacem Justiciam suam per omnia Servandam The Duke [6] Ibid. b. lin 2. He restores Robert Earl of Leicester to his Estate c. returned to Robert Earl of Leicester all his Lands which his father had taken from him and all those his Father had disinherited he restored to their former rights He hated all those Clercs and Laics which left his Father and adhered to him and turned them out of their Offices or Services but such as served his Father faithfully he reteined and inriched them by his Bounty On the 13th of [7] Ibid. n. 10. August he came to Barbeâ—let now Barâ—leur and sent before him Walter Archbishop of Roven Henry Bishop of Bayeux and Iohn Bishop of Eureux Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury Gilbert Bishop of Rochester and Hugh and Hugh Bishops of Lincoln and Chester He comes into England and presently with his Brother Iohn followed them into England and landed them at Portsmouth [8] Ibid. n. 20.30 His great Bounty to his Brother John To whom he gave the Earldom of Moreton in Normandy the Earldoms of Cornwal Dorset Somerset Notingham Derby and Lancashires with the Castles of Marleburgh and Ludgarshal with their Forests and all Appurtenances The Castles de Pec and Bolsover yet the Duke kept in each County some Castles and Honors He also gave Earl John the Honors of Walingford Tikhil and Haye and likewise the Daughter and Co-Heir of the Earl of Glocester with that Earldom He gave to William Mareschal the Daughter and Heir of Richard Earl of Striguil and with her that Earldom While [9] Ibid. n. 50. The Bishop of Ely's Estate came to him he dying Intestate the King and his Court were at Winchester Geofry Bishop of Ely Died there Intestate the 21st of September and the King seized his Estate which amounted to * This in those Days was accounted a vast Estate 3000 Marks in Silver and 200 Marks in Gold besides his Vessels Jewels and Gold At that time he caused his Bishops Earls and Barons to look into his Fathers [1] Ibid. f. 374. a. lin 1. His Fathers Treasure of great value Treasuries where they found great Sums which according to Tale and Weight much exceeded 100000 Marks [2] F. 152. n. 40. Winchester then was the Kings Treasury He makes choice of Ships for his Expedition into the Holy Land Mat. Paris says there were found above 900000 Pounds in Gold and Silver besides Vtensis Jewels and Precious Stones Having taken an Account of his Fathers Treasure he sent his Officers and Bayliffs to all the Sea-Ports in England Normandy Poictou and his other Dominions to make Choice of the Ships of greatest Burthen and caused them to be Victualled Armed and Furnished for his Expedition into the Holy Land according to his Agreement with [3] See here f. 348. F. the King of France From Winchester he came to London and there was [4] Hoved. f. 374. a n. 10.20 His Magnificent Coronation Crowned at Westminster on the Third of September by Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury It was a Magnificent and Splendid Coronation in the presence of the Bishops Earls Barons and Great Men of the Kingdom a Narrative whereof the Reader may find in Hoveden and Matthew [5] F. 153. n. 10 20 30. c. Paris who related it from him also in Iohn Brompton who * Col. 1157.1158 1159. transcribed it verbatim from Paris and may find it Translated in Mr. Sandford's Genealogical History of the Kings of England Fol. 74. At his Coronation he [6] Hoved. ut supra n. 50. His Coronation Oath Sware he would keep Peace Honour and Reverence to God Holy Church and the Clergy all Days of his Life Juravit quod
investing them in their Earldoms girt William Marshal with the Sword of the Earldom of Striguil and Geofry Fitz-Peter with the Sword of the Earldom of Essex who though before they were called Earls and had the Administration of their Counties or Earldoms yet were not Girt with the Sword of their Earldoms The same day also he made [2] Ibidem Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury his Chancellor The King of Scots [3] Ibid. n. 50. The King of Scots reneweth his Demands by three Priors of his own Nation Reneweth his Demand of Northumberland and Tumberland and made the same promises King Iohn Answered them That when their Lord the King of Scots his Dear Cousin came to him he would do what was just concerning that and all his other Demands [4] Ibid. b. lin 5. And sent Philip Bishop of Durham to meet him hoping he would come having sent Roger Bishop of St. Andrews and Hugh Malevise for him and went himself to Nottingham at Whitsunday and staid in those parts in Expectation of him but he would not come he only sent back the two Messengers to him with demand of the two Counties and to let him Know if he denyed his demands he would endeavor to acquire them by force and expected his Answer within Forty Days In the mean time King Iohn committed Northumberland and Tumberland with their Castles to the keeping and defence of William Stutevil And having dispatched his Affairs in England passed into Normandy and landed at Diepe King John passeth into Normandy and was at Roven on [5] Ibid. n. 30 40. And makes a Truce with the King of France Midsummer Day where came to him a Multitude of Soldiers Horse and Foot and presently there was a Truce made between him and the King of France until the Morrow after the Assumption of St. Mary that is the 16th of August and here Philip Earl of Flanders did Homage to King Iohn six days before that Feast Philippus comes Flandriae devenit homo Regis Iohannis apud Rothomagum c. Henry [6] Ibid. f. 452. a.n. 10. France and Normandy interdicted Earl of Namur brother to Philip Earl of Flanders Peter of Donay a Famous Soldier and his Brother the Elect of Cambray were taken by some of the French Kings Soldiers and delivered to him Peter of Capua a Cardinal and the Pope's Legat interdicted France for the taking of the Elect of Cambray as also Normandy for the Detention of Philip Bishop of Beavais and before he would release the Sentence the King of France was forced to Release the Elect and King Iohn the Bishop of Bravais But because he was taken in Arms he gave King Iohn 2000 Marks Paris [7] f. 198. n. 50. says 6000 and took an Oath never to bear Arms again against Christians Philip King of France [8] Hoved. f 452. a. n. 10.20 The King of France Knighted Arthur Duke of Britany and received his Homage Knighted Arthur Duke of Britany and Received his Homage for Anjou Poictou Tourain Main Britany and Normandy In the Morrow after the Assumption of St. Mary August 16th the two Kings treated two Days by their Commissioners between Buravant and Gaâ—llon and the third Day they spake by themselves but the King of France shew no Kindness to the King of England and the reason was because he had possessed himself of Normandy and other Countries without his Licence whereas he ought first to have come to him and demanded his Right and done him Homage In this Treaty [9] Ibid. n. 30. His Demands of King John the King of France Demanded all Veuxin That is all between the Forest of Lions the Seyn the Isle of Andeli and the River Ept. Affirming that Geofry Earl of Anjou the Father of Henry Son of Maud the Empress had given it to Lewis the Gross King of France for his assistance in gaining Normandy from King Stephan of England And Demanded that Poictou Anjou Tourain and Main might be rendred to Arthur Duke of Britany and made other Demands the King of England could not Grant King Richards riches adhered to King John and so they Departed The Earls and Barons of France that had adhered to King Richard became the men of King Iohn and Sware to him they would not make Terms with the King of France unless with his Consent and he Swore to them he would not make Peace with him unless they were comprehended in it In October the King of France [1] Ib. b. l. 1. took the Castle of Balun which was taken ill by William de Rupibus or Roche General of Duke Arthurs Forces was sent to him that there was no such Agreement between his Lord Arthur and him The King replyed he should not omit to do his pleasure notwithstanding his Lord Arthur and then went and besieged Lavardin [2] Ibid. l. 7. but hearing the King of England was coming with his Army left the Siege and marched to Mans King Iohn followed him and he left that place In the mean time William de Roche had craftily gotten Arthur out of the [3] Ib. n. 10. Arthur reconciled to King John and made Governor of Mans. custody of the King of France and reconciled him to his Uncle King John and delivered to him the City of Mans of which he was made Governor by them both and the very same day it was told Duke Arthur that King Iohn would put him in prison whereupon he and his Mother that night made their escape to Anger 's Paris [4] f. 198. n. 30. says he went privately to the King of France William * Hoved. f. 453. a. n. 30. A. D. 1199. William King of Scots admonished by a Revelation not to invade England King of Scots in pursuance of his Claim to the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland raised an Army with intention to invade England but coming to the Shrine of St. Margaret sometime Queen of Scotland which was at Dunfermlin where he stays all night he was admonished by a Revelation in his Sleep That he should not invade England with his Army and so he permitted it to depart home or discharged it Permisit exercitum suum Domum redire After Christmass the two [5] Hoved. f. 454. b. n. 10.20 A. D. 1200. A Treaty between King John and King Philip. Kings met at a Treaty between Andeli and Gaillon in which Treaty they agreed That Lewis Son to the King of France should take to wife Blanch the Daughter of Alfonso the Eighth King of Castile King Iohns Niece with whom he was to give and quiet claim the City of Eureux and the whole Earldom and all the Fortresses and Castles which the King of France had in Normandy at the time of the death of King Richard and besides give her 30000 Marks of Silver and did Swear That he would not give any assistance to his Nephew Otho in Men or Money whereby he might obtain the Roman Empire to which
a Wall of Defence for the House of the Lord but when they saw the Wolf coming they left their Sheep and fled After this general Seisure of the Temporalties and Goods of the Bishops and Clergie But restored them to those who refused to comply with the Interdict to such of them as submitted to the King and refused to comply with the Interdict who celebrated Divine Service and administred the Sacraments the King by Special Writs [2] Append. N. 89 90 91. restored their Temporalties Goods and Chattels keeping in his hands the Lands and Goods of all Abbots Priors Religious and Clercs who submitted to the Interdict nor did he seize the Lands or Goods of any other Religious Persons or Clercs but such as [3] Append. n. 92. refused to perform Divine Service after the publishing of the Interdict which was upon the Monday next before Palm Sunday or the sixth Sunday or last Sunday in Lent And for the security of their Persons he Issued his [4] Append. N. 93. He sent out his Precept for their Protection Precept That no Man against his Peace should abuse either Clercs or Religious in word or deed and if they did and could be taken they should be hanged upon the next Oak Likewise for their Grain he [5] Append. N. 94. permitted all Arch-bishops Bishops Priors Religious Persons and Clercs after their Barns were shut up to sell it until the Feast of St. Catherin that is the 25th of November King Iohn Reflecting upon the Circumstances he was in fearing [6] Paris f. 2â—7 n. 10. He requires pleges of his great men for security of their Fidelity the Pope might absolve his Subjects from their Allegiance to him required Pleges of all the Great Men he suspected to be delivered to him for their future fidelity Many complied with his Commands some delivered their Sons others their Nephews or nearest Relations to the Messengers or Commissioners he sent for them [7] Ibid. n. 20. some of which coming to VVilliam de Braosa his Wife Maud told them she would not deliver her Children to their Master King Iohn because he ought honorably to have provided for his Nephew Arthur whom he Basely Killed Next Year [8] Ibid. n. 50. A. D. 1209. He forces the King of Scots to desire peace the King raised a great Army and marched toward Scotland and when he came to Norham Castle in Northumberland the King of Scots there met him and desired Peace King Iohn Reproves him for Receiving favouring or assisting his Fugitives and public Enemies but by the Mediation of Friends to both Nations [9] Ibid. f. 228. lin 1. The Terms upon which the peace was agreed they agreed upon these Terms That the King of Scots should pay unto him Eleven thousand Marks of Silver and that his Daughters should be delivered Pleges for the securing of Peace between them Afterwards [1] Ibid. lin 6. He received the Homages of all free Tenents in the Kingdom he received the Homages of all Men that were Free Tenents and Boys of 12 years of Age of the whole Kingdom suppose their Sons only whom after they had done their Fealty he received Kindly and dismissed them with the Kiss of Peace Deinde cepit Homagia de omnibus hominibus libere tenentibus etiam Duodecim Annorum pueris totius Regni Quos omnes post fidelitatem factam in Osculum patis accepit ac Dimisit [2] Ibid. lin 8. The Welchmen came to him at Woodstock and did their Homages The Welchmen also which was never heard of before came to the King at Woodstock and did their Homages to him although it was Burthensome as well to the Rich as Poor After two years [3] Ibid. n. 20. Pope Innocent commanded the Bishops to Excommunicate King John by name continuance of the Interdict and there seemed no hopes of King Iohns amendment or his giving Satisfaction Pope Innocent could no longer suffer his Rebellion to go unpunished Papa Innocentius ipsius Rebellionem Diutius multam Dissimulare non potuit whereupon by advice of his Brother Cardinals he Commanded the Bishops of London Ely and VVorcester by name to Pronounce him Excommunicate That so by Publishing the Sentence every Sunday and Holy-day in all Conventual Churches through England they might cause him more strictly to be avoided by all men [4] Ibid. n. 30 But when those Bishops committed the publication of the Sentence to their Brother Bishops and other Prelates that remained in England they all became Dumb Dogs either by favour or fear of the King and dare not Bark The Bishops in England durst not pubblish the Sentence Effecti sunt universi metu regio vel faâ—oâ— Canes muti non audentes Latrare and therefore Dissembling to Execute what was injoyned them they did not proceed in doing the Popes Commands according to due Form of Law Nevertheless the Sentence was known to all men and filled their mouths with Discourse [5] Ibid. n. 40. Geofry Arch-Deacon of of Norwich leaves the Kings Service Amongst whom Geofrey Arch-Deacon of Norwich as he sate in the Exchequer managing the Kings business Discoursed with his associates concerning the Sentence pronounced against the King saying it was not safe for Beneficed men to remain any longer in the Service of an Excommunicated King and so departed without leave The King having notice of it sent VVilliam Talebot a Knight after him with some Forces who took him put him in Prison and in Bonds His punishment where after a few Days by the Kings Command he had a Leaden Cope put on with the pressure whereof and want of Victuals he Dyed In this Time of the Interdict one Master [6] Ibid. n. 50. A. D. 1209. Alexander Caementarius mainteined the Kings cause against the Pope Alexander called Caementarius a counterfeit Divine Speudo-Theologus maintained the Kings Cause against the Pope Mat. [7] f. 269. n. â—0 Westminster says he was at Paris a famous Master Rector and Reader in Theology Parisijs celebris haberetur Magister Rector Lector in Theologia and that he Defended the Kings Cause out of Ambition And for that Reason by [8] Paris f. 229. lin 6. His Goods and Benefices taken from him procurement of the Pope his Goods and Benefices were taken from him and was reduced to so great Misery as in a poor habit he was forced to beg his Bread from Door to Door In the Year 1206 Dyed [9] Mat. West f. 267 n 20. f. 268. n. 50. VVilliam Bishop of Lincoln and this [9] Mat. West f. 267 n 20. f. 268. n. 50. year Hugh de VVells the Kings Chancellor was chosen Bishop who obteined leave of the King to go into France that he might receive his Consecration from the Arch-Bishop of Roven [1] Mat. Paris f. 229. n. 10 20. Hugh Bishop of Lincoln received his Consecration from Stephan Langeton The King Seized his Bishopric So soon as
Motive of their Returning to their Duty might be That they saw the King Disposing of the Estates of those which held of him in Capite at least to his Loyal Subjects As to give an Instance or two of many That are upon the Rolls He gave the Estate of [8] Append. N. 138. See Cl. 17 Johan M 2 3 4 5 6. per â—otum Rotulum William de Landa in Coleby in Lincolnshire who was with his Enemies to Oliver de Albiney and all the Estate of Roger de Crimplesham in Norfolk to John de Pavilly his Clerc Ireland and Irish Affairs The Government of Ireland according to the Government of England OF these much cannot be said in this Kings Troublesome Reign only we may see his Intention was the same with his Fathers to have the Government of that Nation according to the Government of England and the same Dependencys there by the same Tenures as in this Nation as appears by the Grant of the Honor of [7] Append. N. 139. The Honor of Limeric Granted for the Service of sixty Knights Fees Limeric to William de Braosa in the Second of his Reign and to his Heirs as his Father King Henry had given it to Philip de Braosa Vncle to the said William To hold of him and his Heirs by the Service of sixty Knights Fees except the City of Limeric the Donation of Bishopricks and Abbys The Cantred of the Ostmans and Holy Island which King Henry Reteined in his hands and except the Services of William de Burgh c. In the sixth year of his Reign [8] Append. N. 140. Vlster granted to Hugh Lascy he signifyed to Meiler Fitz-Henry his Justiciary and the Barons of Ireland That he had Granted to Hugh Lascy for his Homage and Service The land of Vlster with its appertenencys to hold as John de Curcy held it the day that the said Hugh * See that Story related in the begining of this Reign seised him in the Field Saving to him the Donations of Bishopricks and Abbys in that Country In the 7th year of his Reign he wrote to [9] Append. N. 141. A third part of Conaught granted to the King thereof to hold of King John as a Barony Meiler Fitz Henry his Iustice of Ireland That Dermut on the behalf of the King of Connoc had declared to him That that King desired to hold of him a third part of the Land of Connoc to him and his heirs as a Barony and by the Rent of an hundred Marks by the year and the other two parts by the yearly Tribute of three Hundred Marks * It should seem by this that at this time Conaught was not fully reduced to the Obedience of the English That he would grant to King John Two Cantreds in the two parts with the Inhabitants and Liberty to Build Castles and to do what he pleased in them The King thought this offer a good expedient to secure the King of Connaught and left it to his Justiciary to do what was best for him with Direction to get if he could 400 Marks as a Fine or Income and a Tribute of Cows and other things every year toward the maintenance of the Castles he might build in those Cantreds In the ninth of his Reign he Confirmed to [1] Append. N. 142. Three Cantreds in the Land of Cork granted for the Service of â—on Knights William Barry The reasonable Grant made to his Father Philip de Barry by Robert Fitz-Stephan he was Justiciary to Hen. 2d of three Cantreds in the Land of Cork That is to say Olethan with all its appurtenancies and the other two Musckerie Dunegan and the Cantreds of Killede with all their Liberties and free Customes by the service of ten Knights excepting the Rights of the Crown For several years Things by the Care and Circumspection of the Iusticiaries or Lieutenants remained without any very Notable Commotions In the thirteenth year of his Reign [2] Mat. Paris f. 23â— lin 6. A. D. 1211. King John goes into Ireland and received the Homage of twenty petty Kings King John Sayled with an Army from Milford Haven and arrived in Ireland on the sixth of June When he came to Dublin more than twenty petty Kings of that Nation met him and did Homage and Fealty to him some disdained to come That were got into inexpugnable Fastnesses He caused the English [3] Ibid. n. 10. The English Laws Established in Ireland John Gray Bishop of Norwich made Justiciary Laws and Customes to be Established there and placed Sherifs and other Officers in divers parts of that Nation that should Govern and judge the people according to those Laws and made John Gray Bishop of Norwich Justiciary who made the money of Ireland of the same weight with that in England for the Conveniency of Traffique between the two Nations This done the King [4] Ibid. n. 20. King Johns severity to his Enemies Marched toward his Enemies and took many of their Fortresses Walter Lascy and many others fled before him fearing they might fall into his Hands At length he came into the Province of Meath and Besieged a Castle in which were Maud the wife of William de Braosa and William his Son with his Wife and took it but these persons had escaped before yet were taken again in the Isle of May and presented to the King * For the Reason of this Kings severity against these people see the History in the latter end of the year 1208. who caused them to be cast into Irons and sent Prisoners into England to Windsor Castle where they were starved to Death And having Disposed and setled the [5] Ibidem King John returns to England Affairs of Ireland according to his pleasure he Returned into England on the 30th of August In the [6] Pat. 14. Johan M. 9. Dors The Duke of Limeric reconciled to him fourteenth year of his Reign the Duke of Lemburic or Limeric and several other great persons by the mediation of the Earl of Bologn were reconciled to the King and doing Homage and performing their Services had their Fees restored unto them Church Affairs THese were so mixt and interwoven with the Secular Affairs of this Kings Reign That they could not be Distinguished in Writing the History There were but two Councils of any note during the whole time The one National 〈…〉 in 〈…〉 in the Year 1200 held by Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury against the Prohibition of Geofry Fitz-Peter the Kings Iusticiary and the other for the particular Diocese of Salisbury held by that Bishop Richard Pore [8] Spelm. Council Vol. 2. in that year ult Johannis about the year 1217. in which were very many Canons or Decrees made for the Regulating of Ecclesiastic matters within that Jurisdiction upon several heads drawn from the then Explication and Doctrine of Seven Sacraments But in neither is there any thing of considerable notice Taxes in this
Castle William Mareschal Walo the Legate and Peter Bishop of Winchester and others who then managed the Affairs of the Kingdom Summoned all the Kings Castellans and Knights and those that were in Garrisons in diverse parts to meet at Newark on Whisun-Tuesday to go along with them to raise the Siege of Lincoln Castle They all shewed a great readiness to Fight with the Excommunicated French and very joyfully met at the place and day appointed With them went the Legate and many other Prelates to persue with Prayers and Arms all such as were disobedient to the King and Rebels to the Pope When they were all come together they were 400 Knights 250 Balisharii Cross-Bow-men and such [8] Ibid. fol. 295. n. 10. Esquires and Horsemen without number That if necessity required they would supply the place of Knights The chief were William Mareschal and William his Son Peter Bishop of Winchester well skilled in Martial Affairs Ranulph Earl of Chester The chief persons in that Army William Earl of Salisbury William Earl of â—errars William Earl of Albâ—marle And the Barons were William de Albiny John Mareschal William de Cantelupo and William his Son Falcasius Thomas Basset Robert de Veteri-Ponte Bryan de Insula Geofry de Lucie Philip de Albiney with many Castellans well exercised in Military Discipline They stayed three days at Newark They stayed three days at Newark for the refreshment of their Men and Horses where they were Confessed and fortified themselves by the Perception of the Lords Body and Blood Corporis sanguinis Dominici perceptione sese muniâ—bant against the Assaults of their Enemies On Friday in Whitsun-week after their Confession and receiving the Sacrament The Legate [9] Ibid. n. 20. shewed how unjust that cause was which Lewis and the Barons his Adherents had undertaken to defend for which they had been Excommunicated and separated from the Vnity of the Church And then by name Excommunicated Lewis The Legate encouraged the King's Army and all his Accomplices and Favorers and especially all those that Besieged Lincoln But to those who had undertaken this Expedition he gave a full Pardon and the promise of Eternal Salvation This so animated the Army that they triumphantly marched towards Lincoln fearing nothing but the Enemies flight before they came thither When the [1] Ibid. n. 30 40. Barons and French which were in the City heard of their approach they received the news with Scoffs and Laughter thinking themselves to be secure However Robert-Fitz-Walter and Saher Earl of Winton went out of the City to observe the motions and number of the Kings Forces when they returned They march in great order towards Lincoln they reported their March to be very orderly but that they exceeded them in number This Account gave no satisfaction to the Earl of Perch and the Mareschall [2] Ibid. n. 50. Wherefore they went out to take a View of the Kings Army The Advices and Counsels of the French Officers various which marched in such order that they were mistaken in their Observations and returned both deceived and uncertain the advices upon this were various at last it was agreed the Gates should be Locked up and Watches set to keep out their Enemies and every one to make ready for a defence and in the mean time to Batter and Assault the Castle which they thought could not long hold out When the Kings [3] Ibid. f. 296. n. 10. The Kings Army Assaults the City of Lincoln The Baroâ—s and French are heaten Army was come before that part of the City where the Castle stands the Castellans by a private Messenger gave them notice of every thing that was done within and moreover told them that if they would they might enter at the Postern gate of the Castle which was left open for them Falcacius accepts the offer and enters with all such as he commanded and the Cross-Bow-men whilst the rest of the Army made an assault upon the Northern gate And having from the Castle wounded and unhorsed some of the most forward and valiant Barons He suddenly issued out and very narrowly escaped being taken put them all into Confusion which gave an opportunity to the whole Army to enter A very great number yeilded to the Conquerors mercy But the Earl of Perch [4] Ibid. n. 30. The names of the cheif Prisoners that were taken refusing to yeild to any Englishman that had been a Traytor to his own King was slain Of the Chiefest Barons were taken Saher Earl of Winton Henry de Boun Earl of Hereford Gilbert de Gant whom Lewis had lately made Earl of Lincoln Robert Fitz-Walter Richard Munfichet William Mumbray William Beauchamp William Mandut Oliâ—er Harcourt Roger Cressy William Colevill William de Ros Robert Ropesle Ranulph Cheinduit and about 400 Knights 400 Knights c. taken besides Esquires Ordinary Horsemen and foot This Victory was obteined on the 19th of May being Saturday in Whitsun-Week The spoyl of the [5] Ibid. fol. 297. n. 10 20. The City and Cathedral Plundered City and Cathedral was given to the Soldiers for the Legat had commanded they should treat all Canonical persons as Excommunicated When they had made an end of Plundering William Mareschall commanded all his Castellans to return home with their Prisoners and keep them under a strict guard till they knew the Kings pleasure Lewis [6] Ibid. f. 2â—7 n. 50. Lewis sends to his Father and Wife for more Forces He afraid to Anger the Pope leaves all to his wife hearing of this great overthrow forthwith sent Messengers to his Father the King of France and to his Wife the Lady Blanch to send some speedy Succours The King fearing he should anger the Pope if he should assist his Son who was Excommunicated left it wholly to Lewis his Wife [7] Ibid. fol. 298. n. 10. She sends 300 Knights with other Forces They were met and Beaten at Sea who speedily sent 300 stout Knights with a great many Armed men under the Conduct of Eustachius a Monk After they were Shipped a brisk wind drove them toward the Coast of England but by the way several of the Kings Ships under the Command of Philip de Albiney met with them between whom was a bloody Sea fight [8] Ibid. n. 30. And most taken Prisoners At length the French seeing no hopes of Success or Escape some desperately leaped into Sea and the rest yeilded themselves Prisoners When the News of this defeat came to Lewis it more grieved him than the overthrow at Lincoln [*] Ibid. n. 40. Eustachius the Monks Head cut off Eustachius the Monk offered a great summ of Money for his Life but Richard the Bastard Son of King John calling him wicked Traytor Told him he should never deceive any man further with false promises and so cut off his head After this [9] Ibid. n. 50. William Earl Marshal Besiegeth London the Mareschall encompassed London with a
Sea to do and receive Justice according to the form of Peace between the King and him his Procurators or Commissioners appeared with full power to do what was desired Ralph Mortimer Roger Steward of Chester and Griffin for themselves and other Marchers appeared and desired Justice might presently be done according to the proof of Witnesses at Shrewsbury before Stephen de Segrave New Arbitrators chosen between the King and Prince David and his fellow-Judges who were there instead of the King After two days wrangling instead of Otto the Legat the Bishops of Worcester and Norwich the Bishop of Coventry John Fitz-Geofry Herebert Fitz-Mathew and Walter de Clifford were appointed Arbitrators And a day was appointed a Moneth after Whitsunday at Maneford Bridge beyond Shrewsbury to hear what could any ways be proved concerning the injuries done on either side and on that day another day was appointed for Judgment to be given by the Arbitrators according to the proof before them Not long after this the King was informed That [4] Append. n. 1â—6 The King had notice of a Confederacy against him by Prince David David contrary to his Oath given unto him had confederated with and drawn off the Brothers of Griffin Son of Madoch and certain of the Kings Men in Kers who had done Homage to him from their Service and Fealty and had received them into his Countrey and that he intended to commit Burnings and Slaughters in the Lands of Ralph Mortimer and other his Feudataries That he had â—y force seized the Lands of O. Vaghan and his Nephews against Justice which were adjudged to them in his Court That he had caused a Ship of Chester to be stayed in his Countrey laden with Wheat and other Victuals making no satisfaction to such as ought the Goods That when he sent his Commissioners to Shrewsbury in contempt of the King he neither came nor sent any Procurators to meet them The King writes to him concerning them Whereupon he wrote to him on the 14th of July that he should not omit to let him Know before the First of August what satisfaction he would give for these Injuries Before the 15th of that Moneth [5] Append. n. 167. Senana the Wife of his Brother Griffin came and complained to the King That David had imprisoned her Husband with his Son Owen and in the name of her Husband offered the King 600 Marks to cause her Husband and Son to be released out of prison so as he might stand to the Judgment of his Court whether he ought to be kept in prison and that the King afterwards would by the Judgment of his Court according to the Law of Wales cause him to have that part of his Fathers Inheritance which he ought to have which David by force with-held from him And Senana undertook that her Husband and his Heirs should pay to the King and his Heirs for ever 300 Marks a year a Third part in Money a Third part in Oxen and Cowes and a Third part in Horses at Shrewsbury to the Sherif of Shropshire She undertook further for her Husband That if at any time any Welch-man rebelled against the King or his Heirs he would at his own cost compel him to give satisfaction and for the performance of all this in the name of he Husband Griffin gave to the King as Pledges Ralph Mortimer Walter de Clifford Roger de Monte-alto Steward of Chester Mailgun Son of Mailgun Mereduc Son of Robert Griffin Son of Maddok de Baunfeld Howel and Mereduc his Brothers Griffin Son of * He was Lord of Powis Wennuwen who all undertook for Senana and gave the King their [6] Append. n. 168. Charts That what she propounded should be performed And all the Noblemen of Wales that favoured Griffin swore Fealty to King Henry and gave him their [7] Append. n. 169. Charts That they would faithfully serve him with all their force and power all days of their life when ever he wanted their assistance and that they would observe the Truce between them and Ralph Mortimer And for the observation of these things they put themselves under the Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Hereford or Bishop of Coventry which the King should choose to Excommunicate them and all theirs and Interdict their Lands if they did any thing contrary to this Agreement which was Signed August the 16 th On the 29th of the same Month Prince David Sealed his [8] Append. n. 170. Charter of Submission to the King First That he would deliver his Brother Griffin or Gruffith and his Son to him Secondly That he would stand to the Judgment of the Kings Court whether Griffin ought to be prisoner or not and also for the Portion of his Fathers Inheritance which he claimed according to the Custom of Wales and should hold that Land of the King in Capite Thirdly That he should restore to Roger de Monte-Alto Steward of Chester his Land of Montalt or as it is commonly called Mauthaut or Mould with its Appurtenances Fourthly That he should restore to other Barons all such Lands Lordships and Castles as had been taken from them since the beginning of the Wars between King John and his Father Lewelin Prince of Wales Fifthly That he would defray all the charges of King Henry in the last Expedition against him Sixthly That he would make satisfaction for all the Injuries done by him or his unto the King or his People That he would restore unto him all the Homages which King John had or that he ought to have especially of the Noblemen of Wales Seventhly The Land of Ellesmer with the Appurtenances was to remain to the King for ever Eighthly That he should not receive any of the Kings Subjects within his Countrey of Wales that were Outlawed or Banished Ninthly And that for the performance of this he would give Pleges and Security according to the Kings Will and Pleasure and would do all his Commands and stand to the Law in his Court. After this on the 31 of August [9] Append. n. 171. he made his Chart to the King freely and willingly That he and his Heirs should faithfully serve the King and his Heirs and assist him all days of their lives and if at any time they should act contrary to that ingagement then all his Lands or Countrey should be forfeited to him and He and his Heirs should injoy them for ever And for the greater Declaration of this Matter he caused the Bishops of Bangor and St. Asaph to put their Seals to this Chart. This year [7] fol. 570. n. 40. Tinn-Mines first discovered in Germany Tinn-Mines were first discovered in Germany and by reason of the Purity and Quantity of that Tinn the price of that Mettal was much lessened here for before that time none had ever been heard of but in England About this time [8] fol. 57â— n. 40. Walter at first is refused but afterward is restored to the Earldom and
If the Treasury of Octavian were to be sold the City of London were able to purchase it This year on the 13th of October [7] fol. 751. n. 10 20. A new Fair proclaimed at Westminster to hold 15 days the King with many Prelates and Great met at London to celebrate the Memory of the Translation of St. Edward and caused a New Fair to be proclaimed at Westminster to continue 15 days and prohibited all other Fairs that used to be kept at that time of the year throughout all England and also all Trading in the City of London within Doors and without during that time That this Fair at Westminster might be the more plentifully stored and frequented with all sorts of Goods and People This year the Pope [8] fol 754. n. 30 40 50. The Pope sendeth his Italians to be Beneficed in England continued his Extortions from and Oppressions of the English and sent his Italians to be without delay beneficed in England whereof One was sent to the Abbat of Abendune who made choice of the Church of St. Helens in the same Town worth 100 Marks by the year and the same day it became void the King send 's his Mandate to the Abbat to confer it upon * Adelmar afterwards Elect of Winchester The Abbat of St. Albans cited to Rome for refusing to accept one Ethelmarus his Brother by the Mothers side and the King would protect and indemnify him The Abbat yielded to the Kings Command Upon this the Pope cited the old Abbat to appear before him at Rome who being deserted by the King was constrained to take that wearisom and tedious Journey where after many difficulties and expences he compounded for fifty Marks A. D. 1â—49 In the year 1249. the King kept his [9] fol. 757. n. 20. Christmass at London and required of the Citisens New-years gifts Then he sent to the [1] fol. 758. n. 10 20 30 40 50. The Kings wants press him to ask Money of his Subjects Citisens of London to supply him with Money which they received with a heavy Heart and complained That that Liberty which was so often bought granted and Sworn to would not now distinguish them from Slaves of the meanest rank but at length with great reluctancy were constrained to pay 2000 pounds but this would not satisfy the Kings wants therefore he was forced to apply himself to his Great men one by one and requested them to Lend him Money both to supply his Necessities and pay his Debts and also to inable him to recover those Rights the King of France had invaded And in a most Submissive Manner made his urgent Necessities known to the Prelates and Abbats and begged of them either to give or lend him such or such a Sum of Money but could obtain nothing but Excuses or denyals unless from the Abbat of St. Albans from whom he received Sixty Marks This encouraged the King to hope the like success from other Prelates and Abbats and accordingly [2] fol. 759. lin 3. wrote to those of Essex and Hertford to Lend him Money for his present Necessities and gave them his promise Faithfully to repay the same This year [3] Ibid. n 20. Nicholas Bishop of Durham resigned his Bishopric Nicholas Bishop of Durham being sensible of his great Age and infirmity resigned his Bishopric and withdrew himself from all public Affairs to a private Life The King recommended [4] Ibid. n. 50. The King recommended his brother Ethelmar to the Convent The Monks refuse to choose him Aethelmarus his Brother to the Convent and by Messengers and repeated Entreaties would have persuaded them to choose him to be their Bishop To whom they replied that He had at his Coronation sworn to preserve the Church's Liberty and that the person recommended was neither of sufficient Age or Learning for so great a Charge The King Answered [5] fol. 760. lin 4. Then He would keep the Bishopric eight or nine Years in his hands and by that time He would be capable of it This year in June [6] fol. 767. n. 20. S. Montfort Earl of Leycester subdued the rebellious Gascoigns Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester although he had undertaken the Crusado passed over Sea into Gascoigny and subdued all that were in rebellion against King Henry and in every thing behaved himself with such fidelity and Courage that he gained the applause of all the Kings friends and the Name of a trusty Patriot This year on the 3d of July [7] fol. 770. n. 40. The King of Scots death dyed Alexander King of Scotland In the year 1250. King Henry kept his [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Christmass at Winchester and after the celebration came to London At the same time [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Cincia Earl Richards Wife was brought to bed of a Son who was named Edmund Soon after many of the [9] Ibid. n. 50. Many of the Nobility and Bishops go over Sea Nobility of England for reasons not known passed over Sea Among whom were Richard Earl of Cornwal and the Earl of Glocester Henry de Hastings a Baron Roger de Turkebi and many other Nobles Besides the Bishops of Lincoln London and Worcester And with them the Archdeacons of Oxford and Bedford and many other Clercs On the Seventh of March the King and many of the Nobility and Clergy undertook the Crusado The King Noblemen and Clercs undertake the Crusado [1] Ibid. n. 50. There were in all about 500 Knights besides an innumerable Number of Esquires and Common Souldiers In May [2] fol. 777. n. 30 40 50. Earl Richard kindly received and treated by the Pope Earl Richard returned into England from the Court of Rome where he was received and treated both by the Pope and the Cardinals in a most Pompous and Magnificent manner to the admiration not only of the Citizens but of all strangers that were present at his entrance and saw his entertainment which Occasioned various Conjectures but most then thought That the Pope knew he was both Rich and Ambitious and at that time designed to promote him to the Empire At the same time the [3] fol. 779. n. 40. The Great men return into England again Earls of Glocester and Leycester with many other Great men and Prelates returned into England About Midsummer there was great [4] fol. 783. n. 10. Great Stirs in London about some Liberties of the City Stir in the City of London about some Liberties of the Citisens the King had granted to the Abbat of Westminster the Maior with the whole Community of the City made their complaint to the King but could obtain no Remedy Then they applied themselves to Earl Richard and to the Earl of Leycester and some other Great men who went to the King and severely blamed him for infringing those Charters
Earl of Holderness This whole year proved very quiet and peaceable Prince Edwards preparation for tâ— Holy-land and nothing memorable happened only the great Preparation Prince Edward and others who had undertaken the Cross made for their Journy to the Holy-land The King as well as [5] Appenâ— n. 226. King Henry signed with the Cross He commits his Cross aâ— aid to his Sâ— Prince Edward Prince Edward was Signed with the Cross for this Expedition but the Prelates Great-men and Community of the Land did not think it expedient nor safe for them both to be absent at that time and therefore by the advice of the said Prelates and Great-men he committed the business of the Cross and the Sign of his Cross to his Son Edward and all the twentieth part of Moveables granted for the Ayd of the Holy-land In the year 1271. King Henry [6] Paris fâ— 1006. n. 30 A. D. 127â— with his Queen Sons and many of the Nobility kept his Christmass at London On the Second of April [7] Ibid. 1007. n. 30. Richard Kinâ— of the Romaâ— dyed at Berâ—chamsted Casâ— Richard King of the Romans dyed at Berkamstede Castle His heart was buried in the Fryers Minors Church at Oxford and his Body in the Church he built at his own Charges for the Monks of the Cistercian Order de Hailes In May following Prince Edward his Brother Edmund Prince Edward begins his Journy 〈◊〉 the Holy-laâ— He lands at Tunis and is kindly receiâ—ed by the King of Franâ— four Earls and as many Barons besides a great number of Noblemen began their Journey to the Holy-land and after ten days sail from France he landed at Tunis where he was met by the King of France and his Chief men with great joy and kindness [8] Fol. 10â— n. 40. In August Diseases and great Infirmities seized and afflicted the French Kings Army which took away many of great Note whereof the Chief were John Earl of Nevers the Kings Son and the Cardinal of Albania the Apostolic Legat and on the day after St. Bartholomew King Lewis [9] Ibid. n. 5 The King oâ— France dyes at Tunis departed this life at Tunis At the same time Henry the Son of Richard King of the Romans desired leave of his Cousin Prince Edward to return into England and having obtained Licence in his Journy homeward he was [1] Fol. 1007. n. 20. Prince Henry slain at Viterbo slain at Viterbo while he was at Mass in the Church of St. Lawrence by Guido the Son of Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester to revenge his Fathers death All these misfortunes could not discourage [2] Ibid. n. 30. Prince Edward from proceeding in his Journy to Acon where Alienor his Wife was brought to bed of a Daughter which was Named [3] Fol. 1006. n. 30. Joan de Acres Prince Edwards Daughter born at Acon Ioan de Acres afterwards Married to Gilbert Earl of Glocester When the English saw the undaunted Spirit of their Prince they resolved chearfully to accompany him in all his undertakings In the year 1272. while Prince [4] Fol. 1007. n. 40. A. D. 1272. Prince Edward escapeth a great danger at Acon Edward continued at Acon the Admiral of Ioppa or Consul as we call that Dignity sent to him several Letters and Messages of Friendship and kindness by one Anzazim who had been ever Educated under-ground that he might prove the more undaunted in any Attempt of desperate wickedness One time he pretended to have some private business to Communicate to him upon this the Prince Commanded all that were present to retire and as he was looking out of the Window on a sudden the Assassine drew out a poysoned Knife and gave him two wounds in the Arm and one in the Arm-hole The Prince having presently recovered himself threw him on the ground and then snatched the Knife out of his hands and imediatly killed him with it Others report he beat out his Brains with a Stool that was next him Then he called in his Friends and Servants and related to them what mischief had befaln him and Commanded the Body of the Assassine to be Hanged upon the Walls of the City with a live Dog by it to be a Terror to others When the Admiral heard of it he shewed great sorrow and assured the Prince he was no way Privy to it But when the Soldiers heard how their Prince was wounded they resolved to have revenged themselves upon the Saracens but were hindred by the Prince Next year there arose a great quarrel between the [5] Fol. 1008. n. 40.50 A. D. 1273. A great quarrel between the Citizens of Norwich and the Monks The Cathedral burnt The Citizens punished Citizens of Norwich and the Monks which was increased to such a height that the Citizens set fire to the Church which together with the adjoyning Buildings were all consumed except the Chappel of St. Walter nigh the Infirmary and sacrilegiously carryed away the Holy Vessels and other Utensils and their Books which escaped the Flames The King was much moved at this wickedness and sent Justiciary Tribet down to Norwich who Convicted a great Multitude of the Offenders and Condemned them all to be drawn at Horses Tayls and Hanged Soon after the King went thither in person and when he beheld the Ruins of the Church he could scarce refrain from Tears The Bishop of Rochester Excommunicated all that were concerned in or abetted this wickedness and the King Condemned the Community of the Town to pay 3000 Marks of Silver And fined towards the rebuilding of the Church besides Ten pounds in Gold and the value of one hundred pounds in Silver for a Golden Cup ad restaurandam Cuppam Auream Matt. Westminster says they were drawn and Hanged Judicially and then burnt and the Goods of those that fled Confiscated For the due Prosecution of these Criminals the King sent his [6] Pat. 56. Hen. 3. M. â— intus The Knights and Freeholders of Norâ—folk and Suffolk summoned to meet the King at Norwich As also the Knights and freeholders Cambridge aâ— Huntington-shires King Henry falls sick Precept to VVilliam Gifford Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk Dated September the 6 th at St. Edmunds-Bury to Summon all the Knights and Free-holders of both Counties that had twenty pounds a year and above to appear before him at Norwich on the 15 th of the same Month to do as they should be directed by him with advice of his Council The same Writ issued to the Sheriff of Cambridge and Huntingtonshires to summon Twenty four Knights and Free-holders Milites Libere tenentes that had Twenty pounds a year or above to be at Norwich the same day Then the King returned to London and as he passed by the Abby of St. Edmunds he was seized on by a languishing distemper which never left him as long as he lived In his sickness the [7] Paris 1009. n. 10. And dyes Earls Barons
de illis villis qui necessarii fuerint ad Inquisitiones illas faciendas Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod praedicta Hundreda Wapentakia Curias tam nostras quam aliorum teneri facias de caetero secundum quod praedictum est de tribus Septimanis in tres Septimanas exceptis praedictis duobus Turnis qui de caetero teneantur secundum quod prius teneri solebant Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium xi o die Octobris The INDEX A ABrincis vid. Hugh Adala Countess of Blois her endeavour to reconcile the King and Arch-bishop Anselme f. 260. E. William Fitz Adelin sent Procurator into Ireland f. 365. F. His Character Ibid. He is recalled f. 369. D. Adomar vid. Ethelmar Aedui who they were f. 6. F. Aelfred fighteth the Danes with various success f. 114. D. He is reduced to great streights Ibid. E. He obteined a great victory over them and forced them to beg peace f. 115. A. B. His great Force at Sea Ibid. C. His design to advance learning Ibid. D.E. His Charity Justice and Prudence f. 116. A. B. C. D. He erected Hundreds and Tithings Ibid. E. He made a Survey of all Counties Hundreds Tithings f. 117. l. 2. Agalmar Bishop of North-Elmham deposed f. 213. A. Agricola sent Governor into Britain f. 22. D. His Atchievements and Wisdom and Justice in the British Affairs f. 23. A c. His Conquests f. 24. A. B. C. He first made use of a Fleet Ibid. D. He overthrew the Caledonians f. 25. B. And Britains f. 26. A. B. His Policy to keep them under by Sea and Land Ibid. D. He is recalled by Titus and suspected to be poysoned f. 27. A. Agricola Disciple to Paelagius propagated his Masters Opinions in Britain f. 38. E. Alans who they were f. 37. B. F. Albamarle vid. William de Fortibus St. Albans Monastery founded by King Offa f. 109. B. The Abbat thereof cited to London by the Popes Legat f. 599. F. He appeals to the Pope but without remedy f. 600. A. B. The Church Interdicted f. 620. B. Alberic the Popes Legat in England and Scotland f. 293. E. He directs the choice of an Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Ibid. Albert the Popes Notary his Offer to Earl Richard f. 609. F. William de Albany made Governor of Rochester Castle by the Barons f. 503. lin 2. He is taken Prisoner by the King Ibid. B. Philip de Albiney beateth the French at Sea f. 526. F. He accompanied Earl Richard into Gascoigny f. 535. E. Alcuinus wrote against Image worship f. 109. A. Aldermannus a general word for many Officers f. 70. F. Alexander Caementarius mainteined King Johns Cause against the Pope f. 480. F. How he was punished by the Pope f. 481. lin 2. Alexander A Frier Minor the Popes Collector in England f. 598. E. Alexander King of Scotland doth Homage to Prince Lewes f. 514. D. He married Joanna King Henry the Thirds Sister f. 530. B. His Demands of King Henry f. 565. B. He refused to hold any thing of the King of England f. 590. A. An Agreement between him and King Henry f. 568. D. and 592. A. He refused the Popes Lâ—gat entrance into Scotland f. 568. E. His death f. 603. lin 1. Alexander his Son Married Margaret Daughter to King Henry f. 606. B. He doth Homage to King Henry Ibid. C. His modest Answer to King Henry's Demands Ibid. D. He and his Queen came into England f. 619. D. Alexander the Fourth Pope of Rome Invested Edmund the second Son to King Henry with the Kingdoms of Sicily and Apulia f. 614. D. He Decreed that every Bishop Abbat and Prior should come to Rome and compound for his Confirmation f. 622. B. He threatned to censure King Henry for his Excesses Ibid. F. He is appeased with 5000 Marks f. 623. lin 3. His death f. 636. A. Alfred Divided Shires into Hundreds f. 83. F. Algar Earl of Northumberland unjustly banished by Edward the Câ—nfessor f. 134. C. Alienor Wife to King Henry the Second released a great many Prisoners and who they were f. 419. E. F. She set her Son Henry against her Husband f. 311. F. She caused all Free-men to Swear fealty to her Son Richard f. 420. B. C. Alienor Daughter to the Earl of Provence Married to Henry the Third f. 563. A. She is brought to bed of a Daughter at Burdeaux f. 586. E. Almains why so called f. 58. E. Alodium what f. 204. D.E. Alphonso King of Castile his pretences to Gascoigny f 610. B. He quitteth them f. 611. F. Ambiani who they were f. 35. B E. Ambrosius Aurelius overthroweth the Saxons f. 95. F. Amianus Marcellinus his Account of the Saxons f. 57. F. Ancalites who they were f. 10. lin 2. An Anchorites Advice to the Monks of Bangor f. 103. C. Andeli Castle surrendred to King Philip of France f. 473 F. Anjou doth Homage to Henry the Third f. 545. A. Anselme Abbat of Bec pressed to accept the Arch-Bishopric of Canterbury f. 225. B. He demanded restitution of all Church Lands f. 225. C. He falls from the Kings favour f. 226. B. C. The great difference between King Henry the First and him Ibid. D. E. and 227 228 c. The Bishops advise him to obey the King his Answer f. 227. A.B. He refused to receive his Pall from the King f. 228 E. F. He refused to appear at the Kings Court f. 229. A. B. He desired leave to go to Rome but is denied Ibid. C. He goes without leave and his Arch-bishopric is seized Ibid. D. E. F. He desired the Pope to ease him of his Dignity but is denied f. 230. B. He is recalled by the King f. 234. E. The Case of the Queen determined by him in a Council at Lambeth f. 235. A. B. He reconciled the Norman Nobility to the King f. 235. E. F. He refused to do Homage to the King f. 256. A. He denied the King the Right of Investitures and advised him to be obedient to the Pope Ibid. B. C. He presided in a Council at Westminster f. 257. F. He refused Consecration to such as were Invested by the King f. 258. A. A wrangling intercourse between him and the King Ibid. D.E.F. He goeth to Rome f. 259. A. B. His Account to the King of what he had done at Rome f. 260. A. His return into England prohibited f. 259. F. and 260. B. He excommunicated the Kings Counsellors Ibid. C. He is reconciled to the King f. 261. A. His Answer to the Bishops request for relief against exactions Ibid. E. F. His sickness at Bec and the Kings promise to him f. 262. A.B. He is observantly treated by the Queen Ibid. C. He exacted obedience from the Arch-Bishop of York f. 263. D. He refused to give his Benediction to Thomas Elect of York till he made his profession to Canterbury f. 264. B. His death Ibid. C. Anzazim His treacherous attempt on Prince Edward at Acon f. 666. B. Appeals from inferiour Courts to
there Ibid. C. Exetor City standeth out against the Conqueror f. 192. F. They submit and are pardoned f. 493. A. F. Foelix a Burgundian converted the East Angles f. 105. B. Falcasius de Brent his Policy and Courage f. 526. B. His unwillingness to part with what he had gotten by Rapine and Plunder in time of War f. 528. A. B. His Rebellious Practices f. 534. B. He was excommunicated his Submission and Imprisonment Ibid. D. E. F. He is sentenced to abjure the Kingdom f. 536. A. B. He was encouraged in his Treasons by some great men Ibid. C. Otho the Leg at moved in his behalf but without Success fol. 537. C. D. A great Fair proclaimed at Westminster to hold fifteen days f. 601. F. Fees when first Hereditary f. 81. B. When and by whom made Servile f. 156. B. They were Originally Military Ibid. C. Three sorts called Tenure in Capite f. 157. lin 1. Military upon what account granted Ibid. A. To what forfeitures they were subject Ibid. C. D. E. Feudal Tenures from whence they arose f. 56. D. Feudal Law not written till Frederic the First f. 72. F. It obteined in France and Germany f. 73. F. How and when it might be relaxed f. 160. A. Feudal Investiture f. 203. F. Fines levyed in County Courts f. 146. B. C. Flemmings removed into Wales by King Henry the First f. 246. D. E. They desert King John f. 510. F. Folkland what it was fol. 66. A. William Foret seized Biham Castle and plundered the Country fol. 529. D. Pope Formosus His Letter to King Alfred suspected to be a Fogery f. 90. E. 91. B. William de Fortibus vid. Albamarle Fosse way where f. 49. lin 2. France Interdicted f. 463. C. Francs who they were and where they dwelt f. 60. E. They Married not their Daughters without their Kings consent f. 73. D. Their Children brought up in the Kings Court Ibid. E. Frederic Abbat of St. Albans with many others take refuge in the Isle of Ely f. 196. B. C. Frederic the Emperour Married Isabel Sister to Henry the Third fol. 562. F. He summoned a meeting of all Christian Princes f. 567. C. He was excommunicated by the Pope f. 572. C. French they refuse to joyn with King Richard in the Seige of Jerulem f. 431. E. The Nobility Arm themselves one against another f. 544. C.D. They refuse to submit to the Queen Regent and leave the Court Ibid. E. Free-men in Germany who and their Condition f. 83. E. They were constantly bound to their good behaviour under the Saxons Ibid. F. G. GAfolland what it was f. 67. F. Galgagus General of the Caledonians f. 25. F. Gilbert de Grand made Earl of Lincoln by Prince Lewis f. 513. D. Gascoigns Subdued by Earl Richard of Cornwall f. 535. F. They do Homage to Henry the Third f. 545. B. S. Montfort Earl of Leicester his success against them fol. 602. F. 606. A. Their Complaints to the King against him Ibid. F. They repeat their Complaints by solemn Messengers fol. 607. A. B. Prince Edward made their Governour f. 608. A. B. English Affairs there in an ill Condition f. 610. C. They crave the King of Englands Assistance f. 611. D. Gavelkind what it was f. 165. C. Geofrey Son to the Earl of Anjou Married to Maud the Empress f. 254 B. He was sent for into England by his Wife but delayed his coming f. 288. A. D. He gave Anjou to his Son Geofry by Will f. 299. F. An Agreement between him and Henry the Second his Brother f. 300. B. Nants chose him for their Lord. His Death Ibid C. Geofry Son of Henry the Second doth Homage to Philip Son of King Lewis of France for Britany f. 307. D. He received the Homages of the Barons of Britany Ibid. E. He was Knighted by his Father f. 333. C. He did Homage to his Elder Brother Henry f. 338. E. He was slain in a Military Conflict f. 341. E. His Wife left with Child of Prince Arthur Ibid. Geofry Bishop of Ely died Intestate and his Estate seized by King Richard f. 420. F. Geofry Elect of York appealed by the Bishops of Salisbury and Durham f. 424. B. His Election confirmed by the Popes Legat and he restored to his Arch-bishopric by King Richard Ibid. C. Appeals against him released f. 424. E. His Oath to King Richard f. 425. F. He breaks his Oath f. 432. D. He was imprisoned by the Chancellor and released by Earl John Ibid. E. F. He outbad the Chancellor for Sheriffwics f. 441. F. He is reconciled to the Chancellor f. 444. B. C. The Canons of York complain against him to Hubert the Justiciary f. 445 D. He was disseised of his Maners Ibid. F. He paid 2000 Marks to the King and was reconciled to him f. 447. E. Geofry Arch-deacon of Norwich deserts King Johns Service fol. 480. E. His punishment Ibid. Geofry Fitz-Peter made Justitiary of England by King Richard fol. 450. A. He sent forth Itinerant Justices f. 455. F. Maurice Fitz Gerald Landed at Wexford in Ireland with great Forces f. 354. D. German and French Laws when first composed f. 60. lin 1. They refused to admit of any Laws but their own f. 62. A. How they valued mens lives f. 63. lin 3. How they valued their Cattle and Grain f. 64. A c. What punishment they inflicted on persons insolvent Ibid. D. E. What was their rate for all sorts of faults and mulcts Ibid. F. How they purged themselves when accused f. 65. A. Their Tenures agreeable to the Saxons f. 71. B. Their Habiliments of War went with the Land Ibid. D. Their Tenures Feudal f. 72. B. They held their Courts twice in a year f. 74. B. The Bishop and Earl sat together in their Courts f. 74. D. What Matters triable in their Hundred Courts f. 75. C. D. How they forced an Appearance f. 76. C. A Form of their ancient Judgment f. 77. D. E. F. Their Testes and Jurors the same f. 78. lin 1. What sort of men their Testes were to be Ibid. Their Judges and Officers like to the English Saxons f. 79. E. Their Servants and Freeman who and their State f. 83. B. C. D. Their manner of making Laws and how they agreed with the English Saxons f. 84. B. They secured their Lands by great Ditches f. 86. A. When they held their Councils f. 87. C. Their Princes called and presided or others by their appointment in those Councils Ibid. F. Gessoriacum where it was f. 13. F. Gilbert Prince of Galloway doth Homage to Henry the Second f. 329. B. C. Glanvil Justiciary of England of Norman Extraction f. 152. B. Glota where it was f. 24. B. Godfrey Bishop of Winchester disseised f. 443. F. Godwin Earl of Kent his Extraction f. 131. E. He refused though sent to punish the Citizens of Canterbury f. 132. B. He was summoned to appear before his Peers for his refusal Ibid. C. He raised an Army and made bold
He forced the King to own whatever he did f. 646. A. He marched about the Kingdom with a Body of Horse f. 647. B. And carried the King about with him f. 648. D. What provision he made for himself and Family Ibid. E. The whole Government managed by him Ibid. F. He disgusted the Earl of Glocester f. 649. F. He was overthrown by Prince Edward and slain f. 652. C. D. His Character by Rishanger f. 653. A. A discovery of his Villanous practices f. 653. A. None to call him Saint f. 659. B. Simon Montfort His Son submitted himself to the Kings pleasure f. 655. A. B. Morcar taken Prisoner f. 197. A. Morgages where entred f. 79. C. Registred in Counties and Hundreds f. 146. A. B. William Earl of Mortain demanded the Earldom of Kent of Henry the First f. 241. F. He joyned with Duke Robert and Robert de Belism fol. 242. lin 3. All his Estate in England seized and his Castles demolished Ibid. A. He was taken Prisoner and sent into England f. 243. A. Hervey Mount-Maurice his Cruel Policy f. 356. A. Roger Mowbray erected a Fortress in the Isle of Axholm f. 316. F. It was demolished by Geofry Elect of Lincoln f. 318. C. Fitz Murchard vid. Dermot Murder how punished by the Saxon Laws f. 62. D. F. f. 119. A. Murdrum used in the German Laws when first used in the English Laws f. 62. E. N. NAnts yielded to King Henry the Second f. 300. E. Neat-land what it was f. 67. F. Ralph Nevil Bishop of Chichester Chancellor to Henry the Third refused to deliver the Seal when demanded by the King f. 564. F. He was chosen Bishop of Winchester and his Election voided at Rome f. 571. B. C. He was invited by the King to resume his Office of Chancellor but he refilsed f. 572. B. He was received into the Kings favour f. 583. E. Newcastle when and by whom built f. 202. D. Nicholas Bishop of Tusculum sent Legat into England f. 489 A. He took an estimate of the Clergies Damages Ibid. B. He was accused as a favorer of King John Ibid. C. He filled all vacant Churches f. 490. D. E. His Opposition to the Arch-bishop and Bishops f. 491. A His Character of the King Ibid. His Answer to the Religious that sued to him for Restitution f. 492. E. F. Nicholas Bishop of Durham resigned his Bishoprick f. 602. D. Nobility vid. Barons Normans a Miscellaneous People f. 139 C.D. They were Court-Officers and great Ministers of State fol. 152.181 E. They were the Bishops Abbats Priors Judges and Lawyers f. 154. C. D. E. F. Most of our Laws from them f. 155. B. An abstract of their Laws f. 161. D. c. Who antiently were their Judges f. 163. A. What their Exchequer was f. 167. D. How the English were treated by them after the Conquest fol. 192. B. c. Their Lust and Luxury f. 235. A. Norman Bishops in England before the Conquest f. 189. B. Norman Ladies want their Husbands f. 194. D. Norman Nobility favour Duke Roberts Title f. 235. C. D. They petition King Hen. 1. to come into Normandy f. 240. C. They set up William Duke Roberts Son f. 247. C.D. 252. E. F. They submit themselves to King Henry f. 251. A. B. How they executed thâ—ir private Revenges f. 281. D. E. F. Their Soldiers sold the Prisoners thâ—y took f. 282. A. Their submission to the Earl of Anjou and the Empress fol. 288. D. Simon Norman removed from bâ—ing Chancellor by Henry 3d. f. 576. F. Normandy Interdicted by the Arch-Bishop of Roven and the Occasion f. 453. D. The Intâ—rdict released f. 454. C. Again Interdâ—cted by the Legat f. 463. C. Northampton taken by Henry the 3d. f. 640. D. C. Norwich Castle yielded to the Conqueror f. 202. D The City burnt by Hugh Bigot f. 318. B. A great Quarrel between the Monks there and Citizens fol. 666. D. E. The Cathedral burnt and the Citizens punished and fired Ibid. Nottingham plundred and burnt f. 318. D. Robert Nunant refused to be Pledge for King Richard f. 440. A. Judgment given against him f. 442. A. He is reconciled to the King and pardoned f. 447. E. O. OAth of Confederaoy of the Barons f. 629. Oaths how and when administred by the Germans f. 147. D.E.F. How valued f. 120. l. 1. Oblations of the People divided into four parts f. 102. B. Octavian sent Legat into France f. 467. A. He admonished King Philip to receive his Queen Ibid. B. C. Odo Bishop of Baieux the Conquerors chief Justiciary f. 151. A. B. He was left Viceroy of England by the Conqueror f. 191. B. C. His Justice and Equity Ibid. F. He was made Earl of Kent f. 198. B. His Treasure seized and he Imprisoned f. 203. D. E. Offa's Ditch where and its extent f. 86. B. He built St. Albans Monastery and gave Peter-pence to Rome f. 109. A. B. Ordeal what it was and the Tryal f. 65. B. When and by whom prohibited f. 147. C. Water Ordeal Established f. 326. B. Orders of Men the same in Germany as in England f. 82. B. Ordericus Vitalis his Account how the Romans treated the English fol. 192. B. c. Ordovices who they were f. 15. F. They were almost Extirpated by Agricola f. 22. E. Peter de Orivallis made King Henry the 3d. his Treasurer f. 549. F. He is removed from his Office and the Court f. 559. E. He is again received into Favour f. 565. l. 1. Ororic Assaulted Dublin but was repulsed f. 359. B. His Treachery and Contrivance to destroy Hugh Lacy f. 361. B. C. His death Ibid. D. Osculum pacis what is was f. 537. E. Ostorius sent Lieutenent into Brittain by Claudius f. 14. B. A Triumph Decreed him at Rome f. 16. D. He died with Grief f. 17. B. Otho sent Legat into England f. 537. B. He declared to the Bishops the Popes demands f. 538. A. Their and the Mareschals Answer to him Ibid. C. D. He is revoked by the Pope f. 539. A. Otho Nephew to King Richard Crowned King of the Romans f. 457. D. Hugh Oto made Governor of London by Henry the 3d. f. 654. B. Otto came Legat into England at the request of Henry the 3d. f. 567. E. He reconciled the Noblemen that were at variance Ibid. F. His design to visit Scotland prevented f. 568. D. E. He was revoked by the Pope but contrived his stay here f. 569 A. His reception and affright at Oxford f. 570. C. D. E. He was again called home but continued upon the Kings request f. 472. A. His great Exactions upon the Clergy f. 573. B. He was refused entrance into Scotland but at last admitted under Conditions Ibid. C. His policy and contrivance to get Money f. 574. E. He demanded a fifth part of the Clergies Goods f. 575. E. His Oppression and Extortion from the English Clergy f. 577. A. The manner of his leaving England Ibid. Ottobon sent Legat into England f. 654. C. He
received the whole Country of Constantin now Contantin being then the third part of Normandy with the Cities Constance Auranches and the Monastery of St. Michaels Mount in the Sea c. Presently [7.] Ib. D. D. upon this Action of Duke Roberts in the first year of the Government of the two Brothers the chief Men that had An. Do. 1088. and were like to have great Estates in both Nations met to Treat about the division and separation of them one from another [8.] Ibid. fol. 666. A. The English and French Normans meet to Consult whether it were expedient England and Normandy should have two different Princes both of them having been under the Power and Government of their defunct Lord who by their assistance had Conquered England They were in a great straight what to do they could not serve two Lords so remote from one another [9.] Ibidem if they faithfully served Robert Duke of Normandy they should offend his Brother William and should lose their Lands and Honours in England and if they proved obedient to William Robert would deprive them of their Paternal Inheritance in Normandy [1.] Ibid. C. At last they resolved that seeing Robert was the elder and that they had Sworn Fealty to him in his Fathers Life time to set him up and make him Prince of England and Normandy for preservation of the Unity of both Nations [2.] Ibidem The chief Friends and Undertakers for Duke Robert This was the Agreement of Odo Bishop of Bayeux Eustacbius Earl of Bulloine They concluded to make Robert King of England and Duke of Normandy (b) Robert de Belesin e or de Bellismo castello [8.] Vales not Gal. in verbo Robert de Belesme who he was quasi bellisimo a Fair Castle in the County of Perch he was eldest Son to Roger de Montgomery Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbery and had the great Inheritance of his Father [9.] Orderic fol. 708. C. in Normandy when his second Brother Hugh de Montgomery enjoyed his Fathers Earldoms in England who dying without Issue they came to this Robert in the [1.] Ibidem 768. C. Tenth year of William Rufus for which he gave him 3000 l. Sterling as a Relief Robert de Belesin and many others which they Communicated to Duke Robert to whom if they would begin he promised sufficient Assistance for effecting their Design Therefore [3.] Ibidem after Christmass they passed into England fortified their Castles and in a short time stirred up a great part of the Country against the King [4.] Ibidem with these joyned Roger Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbery Hugh Grentmesnill Viscount of Leicester and many more very great Men in England or at least seemingly continued with William and favoured the design of Robert [5.] Ibid. D. who fortified Manned and Victualled their Castles and wasting the Countries almost all over the Nation expected Duke Robert with an Army out of Normandy at the Spring [6.] Ibidem King William observing the posture of his Affairs resolved to suppress these Insurrections and to that purpose Convoked Lanfranc Arch-Bishop Bishops Earls and Natural English Lanfranc the Arch-Bishop the other bishops and Natural English side with Rufus and shewed them his intention who exhorted the King to proceed against the Perturbers of the Peace and promised their ready Assistance [7.] Ibidem fol. 667. B. Rochester chosen as a place of advantage and fit for a Magazine Odo with some of the chief Normans who intended to set up Robert chose Rochester as a place of advantage and most fit for their chief Magazine being in the middle way between London and Canterbury near the Sea and near the Kentish Islands which were conveniently seated for the landing Forces and Warlike Provisions from whence at their pleasure they could keep a Correspondency with Duke Robert But [2.] Ibidem fol. 667. B. Rochester besieged Duke Robert lost the Town and Castle by sloath and want of diligence King William prevented their Designs by besieging the Town in the Month of May following where he shut up Odo Eustathius Earl of Bolloigne Robert de Belesme and many other Noblemen and Persons of inferior Rank who in vain expected the Assistance of Robert being detained only by ease and sloath from his promised Expedition [3.] Ib. C. D. The Defendents offer to yield upon Conditions out of the Town they were forced into the Castle where many perished by a raging Sickness and urged by many other necessities they sent out to King William that upon condition they might enjoy their Lands and Estates they would yield the Castle and for the future serve him faithfully as their Natural Lord. The King was angry at these Propositions Rufus denies their Conditions and sware he would take the Perfidious Traytors by force Hang and destroy them with divers kinds of death and to his Nobility having many Friends and Relations in the Castle perswading him to moderation [4.] Orderic fol. 668. B. he gave this Answer That whosoever spared Perjured Men Thieves Plunderers and Execrable Traytors took away quiet and peace from innocent Men and laid a foundation of innumerable Mischiefs to the good and harmless [5.] Ibid. D. but at length overcome by the intercession of his faithful Friends [6.] Ibidem 667. C. which were all the Bishops of England with the English Hugh Earl of Chester (c) [7.] Ibidem 669. C. He was an Esquire to Edward the Confessor and by him made Knight his Father was [8.] Ibidem Humfrid de Teliolo [9.] Ibidem fol. 512. b. Governor of the Fortress of Hastings and Son to Ansfrid the Dane His Mother Adeliza Sister to Hugh de Grentmoisnill Viscount of Leicester and Governor of * Ibidem Winchester He had his name of Rodeleds [1.] Domesd Cestrescire Atiscros Hundr or Roelent from the Castle and Territory of Roelent in the Marches of North-Wales of which he was Governor and General of all the Forces in Cheshire under Earl Hugh and not only defended it against the Welsh but Conquered much of North-Wales [2.] Ibidem which he farmed of the King for 40 l. per Annum [3.] Ibidem besides the Fee of Ross and Rowenloc which he held of the King twelve Miles in length and four in breadth Robert de Roelent William de Warrenna (d) He was Son of Haimon Earl of Corboile in Normandy [4.] Monast vol. 1. fol. 154. Col. 2. n 40. Robert Fitz-Haymon made Earl of Gloucester by Rufus and had the Estate of Brictric the Saxon Earl thereof to whom for the great Services he had done his Father and himself William Rufus gave the Earldom of Gloucester and the Possession of Brictric the Saxon who was Earl thereof before the Conquest The which Earldom and Possessions Queen Maâ—d enjoyed during her life and her Husband the Conqueror afterward This Robert had
[5.] Ibid. f. 1â—â— n. 60. Mabil his eldest Daughter and Heir was Married to Robert Earl of Gloucester Natural Son to Henry the First Four Daughters two whereof were Abesses Amice a third Married the Earl of Britain who probably had her Fathers Possessions in Normandy the eldest Mabil was Married to Robert Natural Son of Henry the First who by his Father was made Earl of Gloucester and enjoyed all those Possessions Robert Fitz-Haimon and other legal and ancient Barons he [7.] Orderic fol. 668. D. granted the Besieged their Lives The Terms upon which Rochester Castle was surrendred pardoned the loss of their Limbs and gave them leave to pass out of the Castle with their Horse and Arms but without hopes of enjoying their Lands and Inheritance in England during his Reign [5.] Ibidem fol. 669. A. The Arts by which Rufus setlâ—d himself Odo returned to Bayeux and never came to England afterwards where he lost all his great Possessions It was not by force that he quelled this universal defection of the Normans [6.] Malmsb de Gest Reg. fol. 68. n. 10. but by publishing that he would ease them and especially the English of Taxes that he would alleviate the Laws and give them free liberty of Hunting [7.] Ibidem â— 20. And brought off to his side Roger Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury And by insinuating himself into Roger Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury the chief Person next Odo in this Insurrection to whom he pretended he would most willingly quit the Government if he and those his Father had assigned his Curators should think fit Yet adding that he understood not why they were so outrageous against him If they would have Money or Augmentation of their Estates they might have what they would upon condition they endangered or questioned not his Fathers Will and Judgment which if they despised they might hazard their own safety for the same Man that made him a King made them Earls and great Men. [8.] Ibidem With these fair words and Promises the Earl was brought off from the Confederacy which was immediately broken and the Nation reduced to quiet as was said before the Confederates either submitting or flying Rufus passeth into Normandy with an Army William thus confirmed in his Kingdom [9.] Order fol. 608. B. 681. A. Flor. Wigorn. fol. 644. Aâ— 1090. St. Valery Castle delivered to him Girard de Gournay delivers up his Fortresses to William Rufus Robert Earl of Ou Walter Giffart Ralph Mortimer c. joyn themselves to the English next year passed with an Army into Normandy to requite his Brother Robert and subdue that Dukedom The Army landed at St. Valerie and had that Castle delivered to them Stephen of Albamarle Son of Odo Earl of Champaigne at King Williams Charge fortified and Manned his Castle for him Girard de Gournay followed his Example and delivered up to the King his Fortresses of Gournay Ferte and Gailly-fountaine and afterwards Robert Earl of Ou Walter Giffart Ralph Mortemer or de Mortuo-Mari and almost all the Inhabitants on the North-side the Seine joyned themselves to the English and received sufficient Money from the King to fortifie their Castles on his behalf [3.] Florent Wig. 664. Anno. 1091. Duke Robert makes a disadvantageous Peace with Rufus Whereupon Duke Robert called to his Assistance Philip King of France who underhand receiving Money from William returned home without attempting any thing against him which with the revolt of his Normans caused Robert to make a disadvantageous Peace with his Brother [4.] Ibidem The Conditions of that Peace The Conditions these That King William should enjoy the County or Earldom of Ou the Monastery of Fecampe the Abbacy of Mount Saint Michael the Town of Cherburgh and all the Castles that revolted from the Duke That the King should reduce the Country of Maine with the other rebellious Castles in Normandy to the obedience of the Duke that he should restore to those that adhered to the Duke their Lands in England and also to the Duke himself so much Land as should be agreed on between them Lastly That if the Duke died without Lawful Issue the King to be his Heir and in like manner the Duke to be the Kings Heir if he died without Lawful Issue Twelve Barons on each side Swear to the Peace Which Agreement twelve Barons on the Dukes and twelve on the Kings part confirmed by Oath In the mean while no Consideration having been had of their Brother Henry in this Treaty whose Money was detained and [5.] Order fol. 672. D. he himself also had been imprisoned and ill used by his Brother Robert and [6.] Ibidem 689. C. disseised of his Mothers Lands in England which his Brother William had given to Robert Fitz-Haimon [7.] Ibidem Henry the younger Brother fortifies his Towns in Normandy Some Normans Revolt to him He fortifies his Towns which were Cherburgh Auranches (e) These Towns were in that part of Normandy called Constantin which was pawned to Henry by Robert for 3000 l. he borrowed of him Constance and Guabreium and craftily gained to his Party many of his Fathers Nobility as Earl Hugh de Auranches Richard de Badveriis and others of the Country of Constantin now Contantin besides Robert Mowbray by which means his Forces increased daily [8.] Ibid. D. but the English Kings Army passing where it would almost through Normandy and the Norman Nobility favouring him for his Money the Citizens of Rouen likewise allured with his Gifts and Promises Treated with him about changing their Prince and consulted how to betray the Metropolis of Normandy and their Drowsy [1.] Ibidem Duke to the King One [2.] Ibidem A Conspiracy to deliver Rouen to Rufus Conan who by reason of his great Riches had a good Interest in the Citizens was the chief Conspirator and bargained with William Rufus to let in his Forces which should be sent from Gournay and other Castles near which were in his possession to surprize the City but the Duke made sensible of this Conspiracy struck up a Peace with his [3.] Ibidem The City secured Conan the chief Conspirator and many Citizens slain Brother and some others that had revolted from him who put themselves time enough into the Town to secure it though with much Slaughter of the Citizens who made resistance amongst whom Conan the chief Traytor and many others were taken and for his Punishment Conan was by Henry's Order carried to the top of a high Tower and [4.] Ibidem fol. â—90 D with his own hands thrust down headlong out at a Window Next year Duke Robert besieged [5.] Ib. 692. B. 693. B. 696. D. Anno Domini 1091. Rufus returns into Normandy Is Caressed by the Norman Nobility by the French Britans Flemmings c. They extoll his Bounty Curcey in the Month of January but King William arriving in Normandy with