reason of the different kingdomes and nations consisting of diuers seuerall sortes of people which are alwaies enemies and neuer liue in peace and some of them being friends other enemies to the Portingales for the Portingales haue only some Townes places and fortresses with their Hauens on the sea coast without holding any thing within the land as in the description of the coast wee haue alreadie declared By the pictures hereafter following may be séene the formes and portraitures of the Portingales that are maried and of the souldiers in India as they walke in the streetes as also howe they ride not onely gentlemen but euery man that hath the abilitie to keepe a horse as well Marchantes as handicraftes men of what sort soeuer they bee and howe they cause themselues to bee carried in Pâ—llamkins in the streetes and throughout the townes when they will not ride nor goe on foote You may likewise sée their fustes wherwith they go to warre vpon the water which the Malabares their enimies doe likewise vse for they haue no other sorts of scutes nor shippes and doe much mischiefe therewith they are verie light as well to saue as to row they vse them also for Marchandise because of the fitnes of the same to passe from place to place The 31. Chapter Of the maner and customes of Portingale and Mesticos women in India THe Portingales Mesticos and Indian Christian women in India are little séene abroad but for the most part sit still within the house and goe but seldome forth vnlesse it be to Church or to visit their friends which is likewise but verie little and when they goe abroad they are well prouided not to be seene for they are carried in a Pallamkin couered with a mat or other cloth so that they cannot be seene When they goe to church or to visit any friend they put on very costly apparrell with bracelets of gold rings vpon their armes all beset with costly Iewels pearles and at their eares hang laces full of Iewels Their clothes are of Damaske Veluet and cloth of gold for silke is the worst thing they doe weare Within the house they goe bare headed with a wastcoate called Baju that from their shoulders couereth their nauels and is so fine that you may see al their body through it and downewards they haue nothing but a painted cloth wrapped three or foure times about their bodies These clothes are very faire some of them being very costly wrought with loome worke and diuers figures and flowers of all colours all the rest of the body is naked without any hose but onely bare footed in a paire of moyles or pantosâ—es and the men in like sort This is their manner in the house both old and young rich poore none excepted for they goe forth but very little and then they are both couered and carried and what they néed abroad that the slaues both men and women doe fetch in The women eate no bread or very little nor yet the slaues not that they refuse it for the dearenes or want of bread for they haue enough and great aboundance but they are so vsed to eate rice that they desire no other which they seeth with water and eate it with some salt fish or a kinde of salt fruit called Mangas or with some other composition both of fish and flesh with pottage which they powre vpon it and so eate it with their handes for there they eate nothing with spoones and if they should sée any man doe so they would laugh at him When they drinke they haue certaine pots made of blacke earth very fine and thin much like those that we vse in Holland for flower pottes hauing in the necke thereof a partition full of holes with a spout and these cruses are called Gorgoletta to this end that when they drinke they may hold the potte on high and touch it not with their mouthes but the water running from the spout falleth into their mouthes neuer spilling drop which they doe for cleanlinesse because no man should put it to his mouth when any man commeth newly out of Portingall and then beginneth to drinke after their manner because he is not vsed to that kinde of drinking he spilleth it in his bosome wherein they take great pleasure and laugh at him calling him Reynol which is a name giuen in iest to such as newlie come from Portingall know not how to behaue them selues in such graue manner and with such ceremonies as the Portingales vse therein India so that at the first they are much whooped and cried at in the stréets vntill by vse and practise they haue learned the Indian manner which they quicklie doe The men are very iealous of their wiues for they will neuer bring any man into their houses how speciall a friend soeuer hee bee that shall sée their wiues or their daughters vnlesse it bee some gossip or any other married man with his wife in companie When they will goe together to some place to sport and solace theÌ„selues they are alwaies well garded by their slaues both men and women both for their safety and seruice If any man commeth to the doore to aske for the master of the house presently the wiues and their daughters run to hide them and so leaue the man to answer him that standeth at the dore likewise they suffer no man to dwell within their houses where the women and daughters bee howe neere kinsman soeuer he be vnto them being once 15. yeares of age nor their owne sons but haue certaine chambers and places beneath or besides their house where they lye may in no sort come among the women and thether they send them their meate and other prouisions for it hath oftentimes béene séene in those countries that the vncles sonne hath laine by his aunt and the brother by the brothers wife and the brother with his sister whereof I haue knowne some that haue bin taken with the manner and that both they and the woman haue beene slaine by the husbands The women are verie luxurious and vnchaste for there are very few among them although they bee married but they haue besides their husbands one or two of those that are called souldiers with whome they take their pleasures which to effect they vse al the slights and practises they can deuise by sending out their slaues and baudes by night and at extraordinary times ouer walles hedges and ditches how narrowlie soeuer they are kept and looked vnto They haue likewise an hearbe called Deutroa which beareth a séed whereof brusing out the sap they put it into a cup or other vessell and giue it to their husbands eyther in meate or drinke and presently therewith the man is as though hee were halfe out of his wits and without feeling or els drunke doing nothing but laugh and sometime it taketh him sleeping whereby he lieth like a dead man so that in his presence they may doe what they will and
or run away whither they will which among them is a work of great charity saying it is don to their euen neighbors And if they take a flea or a Lowce they wil not kil it but take or put it into some hole or corner in the wall and so let it go you can do them no greater iniury then to kil it in their presence for they wil neuer leaue intreating and desiring withall curtesie not to kill it and that man shoulde not séeme to commit so great a sinne as to take away the life of that to whom God had giuen both soule and body yea and they will offer much money to a man to let it liue and goe away They eate no Radishes Onions Garlicke nor any kinde of hearbe that hath any colour of red in it nor Egges for they thinke there is blood in them They drinke not any wine nor vse any vineger but onely water They are so dangerous of eating and drinking with other men which are not their Countriemen that they would rather starue to death then once to doe it It happeneth oftentimes that they saile in the Portingales ships from Goa to Cochin to sell their wares and to traffique with the Portingales and then they make their prouisions for so long time as they thinke to stay vpon the way which they take aboard with them and thereupon they féede and if the time falleth out longer then they made account of their water and prouision beeing all spent as it hapned when I sailed from Goa to Cochin they had rather die for hunger and thirst then once to touch the Christians meate they wash themselues before they eate as the Bramenes doe as also euery tyme when they ease themselues or make water They are of a yellowe colour like the Bramenes and somewhat whiter and there are women among them which are much whiter and clearer of complection than the Portingale women They are formed and made both in face limmes and all other thinges like men of Europe colour only excepted Their apparrell is a thinne white gowne vppon their naked bodies from the head to the féet and made fast on the side vnder their armes their shooes of red leather sharp at the toes and turning vp like hookes their beardes shauen like the Turkes sauing only their moustachios they weare on their heades a white cloth thrée or foure times wrapped about like the Bramenes and vnder their haire a starre vpon their foreheads which they rub euery morning with a little white sanders tempered with water and 3. or 4. graines of rice among it which the Bramenes also doe as a superstitious ceremonie of their law Their bodies are commonly annoynted with sanders other swéet woods which they doe very much vse as also all the Indians Their women are apparelled like the Bâ—amenes wiues they eate like the Mahometans and all other Indians vpon the ground In their houses or assemblies they sit on the ground vppon mattes or carpets and alwaies leaue their shooes without the dore so that they are alwaies barefoote in their houses wherefore commonly the héeles of their shooes are neuer pulled vp to saue labour of vntying or vndoing them they haue a thousand other heathenish superstitions which are not worth the rehearsall whereof we haue told you the most principall and therby you may well enough vnderstand what the rest are The 38. Chapter Of the Canaras and Decanijns THe Canaras and Decaniins are of the countrie of Decam commonly called Ballagate lying behinde Goa many of them dwell in Goa where their wares and shops are of all sorts of Veluets Silkes Sattins and Damaskes which they buy by great of the Portingales also al kinds of cotton linnen porselyne and all kindes of wares and marchandises of Cambaia China Bengalla c. which they likewise buy of the Portingales and other nations and sell it againe by retaile for the which purpose they haue brokers of their owne Countrimen which looke for all kindes of wares and commodities These bring likewise all victuals and necessaries out of the firme land into the towne and Island of Goa They haue their Indian ships wherewith they traffique to Cambaia Sunda and the read sea Many of them are gold and siluer smithes worke in Copper wherein they are very cunning They haue also diuers other handicrafts as Barbers Phisitions Carpenters and such like as dwell in Goa so that they are almost as great a number as the Portingale Mesticos and Christians Their apparrell is like the Gusurates Benianes except their shooes which they weare like Antiques with cut toes and fastned aboue vpon their naked féete which they call Alparcas They weare their beards and their haire long as it groweth without cutting but only turne it vp and dresse it as the Benianes and Bramenes vse to doe and are like them for colour forme making They eate all thinges except Kine Hogges and Buffels flesh and fish They account the Oxe Cow or Buffel to be holie which they haue commonly in the house with them and they besméere stroke and handle them with all the friendship in the world and féed them with the same meat they vse to eate themselues and when the beastes ease themselues they hold their hands vnder their tails and so throw the dung away In the night time they sléepe with them in their houses to conclude vse them as if they were reasonable creatures whereby they thinke to doe God great seruice In their eating sitting in the house washing making cleane and other ceremonies and superstitions they are altogether like the Bramenes Gusurates and Banianes In their mariages they contract ech with other at 7. yeres at 11. or 12. yeares they are maried and dwell together When they are to be maried they begin fourtéene dayes before to make a great sound with trumpets drummes and fires which continueth day and night for all those fourtéene dayes with so great a noise of songs and Instruments that men can neyther heare nor sée On the wâ—dding day all the friends and kindred on both sides doe assemble together sit vpon the ground round about a fire and goe seauen times about it vttering certaine wordes whereby the wedding is done They giue their daughters no houshold stuffe but only some Iewels as bracelets eare-rings and such like of small valew wherewith their husbands must bee content for the Daughters are no heires but the Sonnes inherite all but they kéep and maintaine their daughters and sisters till they marie when they die they are likewise burnt and some of their wiues with them but not so many as of the Bramenes Euery one of them followeth his fathers occupation and marieth with the daughters of such like trades which they name kindreds They haue their fasting daies and ceremonies like the Bramenes for they are as the laytie and the Bramenes as the spiritualty the Ministers Priests Prophets of their Idols They hire and farme the customes and
whole kingdome are fairely paued and all along euen and smoth till you come to the hils and the entrance or Frontespicio of the Citties verie costly and workmanly built with thrée or foure Gates one by the other all stricken ouer full of Iron and the stréetes within the Citties and Villages very fairely paued and playned as straight as a line and euen in breadth so that if you stand at the ende of a stréete you may sée to the other ende by reason of the straightnes bee it neuer so long At the end of euery stréete are certaine Vaults made wherein are wares and marchandises of all costly things and prices that man can wish or desire Ouer euery stréete there are diuers Arches made of stone verie finely and cunningly Painted which are set in the stréetes because that all their feasâ—es pâ—ayes and spirituall ceremonies are done by night and then those Arches are placed full of lights and Torches which maketh a goodly shew The houses commonly haue three doores to goe in at whereof that in the middle is the greatest the other somewhat lesse they are commonly low without Sellers vnder grouÌ„d but within very large and broad with great roomes and faire Gardens full of all pleasure and delight The towne where the King is resident is called Xuntien or Taybjin which some men call Quinzay this name Xuntien is as much to say in Chinish speach as heauenly Cittie and lyeth in the Prouince of Paguia of the greatnesse whereof they write wonders for they affirme that within the walles the Towne is as long from the one end to the other as a man on horsebacke may ride vpon a day with a thousand other wonders which for breuitie I omit In this town the King hath his Palace with all pleasures that may or can bee deuised both for him selfe his wiues and his Courte His wiues little or neuer goe abroad so that they are seldome or neuer séene thereby to maintaine their authoritie as also fearing that any mischiefe should happen vnto them there are not in all the countrie any Noble men of name or title as Earles Dukes Viscounts or such like nor that haue any vassales commandements Iurisdictions or proprieties to themselues other then such as are giuen by the King and when they die it returneth againâ— vnto the King and if hee wil he may take it from the children but commonly hee letteth them haue it so they be fit for the place and that with a new giâ—â— and bond to serue the King In all the principall townes where the Viceroyes or Gouernours hold their states there hangeth a picture of the King couered with a Curtaine of cloth of Golde whereunto all Officers Commaunders Loiâ—as Mandorijns c. dayly resort and doe it all reuerence and honour such as belongeth to a King of such estate as if the King himselfe were there in person the Kings title is King and Lord of the world and Sonne of heauen No man throughout all China may beare any weapons nor yet haue them in his house but such as are appointed thereunto and receiue the Kings pay as souldiers whose children succeed their fathers in their places The men of China are great and cunning workemen as may well bee séene by the workmanship that commeth from thence They make and vse waggons or Cartes with sayles like Boates and with wheeles so subtilly made that being in the fielde they goe and are driuen forwards by the winde as if they were in the water they are verie wittie in buying and selling All the traders that kéepe shops haue a Table hanging at their doores wherein is written euery kind of ware they haue to sell All Officers or handicrafts men haue either of them a streete alone and dwell by themselues and their children must vse the like trade after their Fathers deaths whether they were souldiers Iustices or Gouernours When any man is very rich he is licenced not to work notwithstanding he must keepe workmen and keepe open shoppe the money that is vsed throughout all China is Golde and Siluer vnstamped but cut in smal peeces to the value of a penie and so receiued by waight and in like sorte payed Also all wares of what sort soeuer they bee not so much as Hennes Géese Fish and such like but are bought and solde by waight They haue one wife which they call their lawfull wife and as many other as they can well maintaine the sonne of the lawfull wife inheriteth most part of their goods and that which remaineth is equally deuided among the other children they marrie with whome they will except it be with their Sisters or their Vncles children The Bridegrome before he fetcheth the Bride home to his house must indowe her with certaine goods which he giueth to the Bride her selfe and shee giueth them vnto her Father or mother in recompence of their charges for bringing her vp in her youth which done shee goeth home with the Bridegrome and the parents may do what they wil with that which they haue so receiued for their daughters dowrie and spend it as they thinke good and what remaineth thereof after the parents are deade returneth againe vnto the daughter whose husband gaue the same for his wife so that he which hath most daughters is the richest as it is reported by the Pictures heereafter following you may see the forme and manner of those of Câ— as wel men as women as also of the Mandorijns and mightie men or Gouernours as they are carried in the stréetes and goe to sport vppon the ryuers where they refresh themselues with all kinds of dainties The men of China haue manie spéeches but in writing they vnderstand each other in euerie place for they write euerie thing with figures and characters whereof their alphabets are sundrie and innumerable these figures with their paper of diuers colours as also penne and inke you may see at D. Paludanus house so that men had need of a good memorie and long exercise before they can vnderstand them all and read what it is which is the cause that among them such as are learned are so much esteemed Their paper is like that of Auroâ—a but not so white but thinner and smoother they make also of all colors which is very saire they write with pennes of Reedes wherein there sticketh a pensell such as Painters vse Printing painting gun-powder with the furniture thereto belonging haue beene vsed in China many hundreth yeares past and very common so that it is with them out of memorie when they first began Their Chronicles shewe that their first king being a great Nigromancer who raigned manie thousand yeares past did first inuent great ordinance with all things belonging thereunto Printing is likewise very auncient with them for that there are bookes found in those countries of China which were printed at the least fiue or sixe hundreth yeares before printing was in vse with vs in Europe so that it is not founde when
the battaile by him erected hee wonne the Castle and towne of Septa from the Mores in Barbaria or Affrica and was Father to the Infant Don Ferdinand that is Canonized for a Saint After him raigned his sonne Don Duarte or Eduart and was the 11. king of Portingale he liued 42. yeares whereof he raigned 5. yeares king hee died in the Pallace of the couent of Thomar in Anno 1438. he lieth buried in the Cloyster of the battaile Don Alfonso his sonne was borne in S. Arein in the yeare of our Lord 1432. and because he was but 6. yeares of age wheÌ„ his Father died his vncle the Infant Don Pedro raigned in his place vntill the yeare of our Lord 1448. Then the said Don Afonso was himselfe crowned king was the 12 king of Portingale he died in S. Arein in y e same chamber where he was borne the 28 of August 1481. and lieth buried by his Ancestors in the Cloyster of the battaile After his death raigned his sonne Don Ioan the great called the seconde of that name being the 13. King of Portingal he was borne in Lisbone the 4. of May anno 1455. hee did openly himselfe being present cause Don Fernando Duke of Beâ—ganca vpon the market place of the towne of Euora to be beheaded on the 22. of Iune in An. 1483. with his owne hand with a Poynyard slew Don Domingos Duke of Begia brother to his wife Dona Lianor presently calling Don Manoel the said Dukes brother gaue him the same Dukedome with all that belonged therunto he liued 40. yeres and died at Aluor in the bath the 25. of October An. 1495. lieth buried in the Cloister of the battaile by his Ancestors died without issue By his last Wil and Testament he gaue the Crowne of Portingale vnto Don Manoel Duke of Viseu who was crowned king of Portingale was the 14. king hée was crowned in Alcacer do Sal the 27. of October An. 1495. he caused all the Iewes in his land eyther willingly or by force to such as refused it to be christened in the yere of our Lord 1499. and caused all the Mores that dwelt at Lisbone without the gate of Moreria to be banished whereof the gate to this day holdeth the name In the â—â—me of this king there happened an insurrection of Portingales in Lisbone against the new Christened Iewes whereby they slew certaine hundereths of them both men women and children burning some of them with a thousand other mischiefes robbing their houses shops and goods for the which the king did great Iustice and finding out the principall beginners of the same caused them to bée punished This king did first discouer and by his captaines souldiers conquered y e Countries and passages into the East Indies and y e orientall countries for spices also the hauens passages in Prester Iohns land hee likewise conquered the towns fortresses of Saffâ—in Azamor in Affrica he died in an 1521. vpon S. Luces day lieth buried in the Cloyster of Bethlehem by the dutchmeÌ„ called Roysters After his death raigned his son Don Ioan the 3. was the 15. king of Portingale he was borne in the month of Iune in Anno 1502. in the citie of Lisbone where he was crowned in anno 1521. he was simple curteous mild and a great friend vnto all religious persons as also to all students he fouÌ„ded the vniuersitie of Coymbra and other colledges died the 11. of Iune An. 1557. lieth buried in the Cloyster of Bethelem or Roysters After his death was crowned Don Sebastian and was the 16. king of Portingale he was son to the Prince of Portingale eldest sonne to the aforesaid Don Ioan that maried with Dona Ioana daughter to the Emperour Charles the fift and Sister to Phillip king of Spaine which Prince dying before his father left his wife great with childe of this Don Sebastian who after the death of his Grandfather was Crowned king of Portingale he was born on Sebastians day in the yeare of our Lord 1553. hee passed with a great armie into Africa to conquere the countrie in the yeare 1578. where hee with most of his Armie was slaine the rest taken prisoners and so died without issue After this ouerthrow and death of the said king Don Sabastian was Crowned Don Henricke a Cardinall vncle vnto the saide Don Sabastian and was the 17. King of Portingale and died without issue in Anno 1580. leauing by his last will and testament for heire of the Crowne of Portingale Don Phillip king of Spaine as lawfull successor vnto the same for that his Father Charles the 5. maried the eldest daughter of the king Don Manoel which was mother to Don Phillip king of Spaine and sister to the grandfather of Don Sebastian and of the aforesaid Don Henrick although there had bin another brother of the said don Henrick named Don Luiis who dying left a son called Don Antonio that was Prior de Ocrato of the order of the knightes of the Crosse of S. Iohns whome the Portingales chose for their king but by meanes of the great power and might of the king of Spaine who by monie had gotten the greatest part of the nobilitie of Portingale to hold with him partly by monie and partly by force he got the kingdome into his hands and subiection driuing Don Antonio out of the countrie so in anno 1581. he came into Portingale in Lisbon was crowned king in the cloyster of Thomar by all the 3 estates of the countrie that is the nobility spiritualtie and commons is the 18. king of Portingale who as yet liueth raigneth ouer the same countrie whereby the Crowne of Portingale is now fallen into the handes of the kinges of Spaine hauing continued in the handes of the kinges of Portingales for the space of 442. yeares which their successors till then inioyed being of the race and progenie of the house of Loraine Thus endeth the fourth Booke FINIS TYPVS ORBIS TERRARVM QVID EI POTEST VIDERI MAGNVM IN REBVS HVMANIS CVI AETERNITAS OMNIS TOTIVSQVE MVNDI NOTA SIT MAGNI TV DO CICERO Exacta acurata deliucatio cum orarum maritimarum tum etiam sororum terrestrium quae in regionibus China Cauchinchinâ— Cambojn siue Câ—ampa Syao Malaca Aracan Pegu una cum omnium vicinarum iusu latum descriptione ut sunt Samatra Java utraque Timora Molucca Philippinâ— Luconja de Leqveos dicta nec non insulae Japan Corece reliquaeque omnes adsacentes ubj etiam adnotauimus scopulos â—reviâ—i omniaque Vadosa loca siquce alia a quibus periculum navigantibus Qvemadmodum singula hoc aeâ—o à Lusitanis nauium gubernatoribus còmperta inaâ—â—gitata in tobulaâ— relaâ—a fuere Equoâ—um recentibus ac emen daâ—is tabulis perqà m studiose haec destribi ex primiâ— curavimus in eorum hominum coÌ„modum quibus ista usvi voluptatia
answered him and said I would be loath to make debate betwéene Parents Children but if it were my case séeing I could not obteyne my dowrie I would stay no longer there but rather hyre a house by my self and kéep better house alone with my wife then continue among so manie wher I could not be master In the end he resolued so to doe with much adoe tooke his wife Child w t his slaues and parted houshold hyred himselfe a house set vp his shoppe and vsed his trade so handsomely that hauing good store of worke he became reasonable wealthie But his mother in law that could not conceale her Morish nature after y e death of her husbaÌ„d whether it were for spight she bare to her sonne in law or for a pleasure she tooke therein counselled her daughter to fall in loue with a young Portingal Soldier whom the daughter did not much mislike which soldier was verie great in the house and ordinarilie came thether to meat and drinke and Frauncis trusted him as well as if he had bene his brother in so much that he would doe nothing without his counsell This Soldier called An honio Fragoso continued this beastlie course with Frauncis his wyfe with the helpe of her mother all the while that they dwelt with the mother and it is sayd that he vsed her company before shee was maried although shee was but young which is no wonder in India for it is their common custome in those countries to doe it when they are but eight yeres old and haue the slight to hide it so well that when they are maried their husbands take theÌ„ for very good maides This order of life they continued in that sorte for the space of foure yeares and also after that they had taken a house and dwelled alone by themselues for Antonio Fragoso kept his old haunt and although Francis vsed continually to shut his chamber dore yet was this Portingall oftentimes hidden therin he not knowing thereof where hee tooke his pleasure of his wife At the last one Diricke Gerritson of Enchuson in Holland béeing Godfather vnto Francis Kinges wife comming newly from China desired the said Francis and his wife to come and dine with him at his house without the towne where as then he dwelt and among the rest bad mee minding to bee merrie and made vs good cheare but because the honest Damsell Francis Kinges wife made her excuse that she might not with her credit come where Batchelers were for that they had no such vse in India he desired mée to hold him excused till another time They being there at this feast with the mother in law and her sonne their houshold of slaues that waited vpon them as the maner of India is After dinner was ended and they well in drinke they went to walke in the fieldes where not far from thence there stood a house of pleasure that had neyther dore nor window but almost fallen downe for want of reparations hauing on the backe side therof a faire garden full of Indian trées and fruites the house and garden Francis Kinges father in law had bought in his life time for a small peece of mony for as I say it was not much worth thether they went and caused their pots and their pans with meat and drinke to be brought with them being minded all that day to make merrie therein as indéede they did In the meane time it was my fortune with a friend of mine to walke in the fieldes and to passe by the house wherein they were not thinking any company had bin there going by Francis King being all drunken came forth and saw me wherewith he ranne and caught me by the cloke perforce would haue me in made me leaue my companion so brought me into the garden where their wiues and his mother in law with their slaues sate playing vpon certaine Indian Instruments being verie merrie but I was no sooner espied by them but the young woman presently went away to hide herselfe for her credits sake according to their manner as their manner is when any stranger commeth into the house Not long after supper was made ready of such as they had brought with them although the day was not so far spent and the table câ—oth was laid vppon a matte lying on the grâ—und for that as I said before there was neyâ—her table bench window nor dore within the house The meate being brought in euery man sate downe only Francis Kinges wife excused her selfe that I had shamed her and desired that she might not come in saying for that time shee would eate there with the slaues and although her husband would gladly haue had her come in among vs thereby to shew that he was not iealous of her yet shee would not so that séeing her excuse he let her rest saying it were best to let her stay there because thee is ashamed While we sate at supper where the slaues serued vs going and comming to and fro and bringing such thinges as we wanted out of the place where this honest woman was her husband thinking shee had taken pains to make it ready it was nothing so for that while we were merry together not thinking any hurt in came Antonio Fragoso with a naked Rapier vnder his cloake it being yet day light and in presence of all the slaues both theirs and mine without anie feare of vs lead her away by the hand into one of the chambers of the house hauing neyther doore flore nor window and there putting off the cloth that she had about her middle which he laid vppon the ground to kéepe her from fowling of her body not being once ashamed before the slaues neyther fearing any danger he tooke his pleasure of her but if any mischance had happened that any of the slaues had marked it and bewraied it the said Anthonie had tenne or twelue souldiers his companions and friendes not farre from thence which with a whistle or any other token would haue come to help him and so would haue slaine vs all and taken the woman with him which is their dayly proffit in India but we had better fortune for that hée dispatched his affaires so well with her that wée knew it not and had leysure to depart as he came without any trouble and she well pleased therewith and when the slaues asked her how thee durst bee so bold to doe such a thing considering what danger of life shee then was in shee answered them that shee cared not for her life so shée might haue her pleasure and saying that her husband was but a drunkard and not worthie of her and that she had vsed the company of that fine lustie youth for the space of foure yeres together and for his sake she said shee would not refuse to die yet had she not then beene married to Francis King full foure yeares neyther was shee at that time aboue fifteene or sixteene yeares of
Church and keepe the rest for themselues and you must vnderstand that all the offerings must be wrought with golde and siluer and of such forme and fashion as the thing is which they desire to haue of their Guaca They offer also liuing men and all kindes of beastes looking in the hearts and intrailes of the men or beastes which they did offer for certaine secret tokens which if they founde not vpon the offerings they still offered newe men or beasts vntil they founde the tokens thinking the Idoll not to be pleased with such offrings as had them not When the priests should offer sacrifices then they abstaine from the company of their wiues and ceased not all night to doo nothing but crie out and pray to the diuell running into the fieldes and to the places where the Guacas stande whereof there were so many that euerie man hadde one before his dore and the day before they should speake with the diuell they fasted some binding a thing before their eies and some thrust them cleane out and it hath often bene seene that some of them haue done it of meere deuotion The kinges and noble menne enterprise not any thing before they haue consulted with the Priestes and the Priests with the Idoles in their sacrifices they vse not onely beastes but menne and children but they eate not mans flesh as the Caniballes do When the Spaniardes spoyled their Temples they founde therein many pottes full of the dried bones and flesh of dead children that had bin offered to their Idolles they offer likewise birdes and other beastes and with the bloud of their offerings they annoint the mouthes of their Idolles and the dores of their churches There was likewise among the golde that lay by their idolles certaine staues and myters for Bishops such as our Bishops vse when they are in their robes or as the Painters vse to set foorth Saint Nicholas with his Crosse and Myter and being asked what those things meant they knew not what to answere neyther from whence they came Besides those great temples of the Sunne and Guacas there were in all places of the countrey of Peru many other Churches and Cloysters for yong maides wherein some had one hundred some two hundred and some more al obseruing chastitie or at the least vowing to keepe it and to honour the Sunne like the Vastal virgins in Rome or our Nuns Those they called Mamacomas and were bound to stay in the cloyster during their liues and neuer to depart from thence dooing nothing but spinne weaue and sowe very fine cloth of cotten and wooll apparell and furnitures for their Idolles or as others affirme the clothes by them made were burnt with the bones of white sheepe the ashes whereof as a signe and token of godly honour they threw into the ayre against the Sunne Those maides were verye narrowely looked vnto by certaine Priestes and other men appoynted for the purpose wherof some were gelded because they should not seeke to defile them which if the maides once committed they were eyther put to death or buried quicke but if the maide with childe would take her othe that it was begotten by the Sunne then the childe was free from death and euerye yeere in the moneth of August when they had gathered in their corne or maiz the Perâ—uians that dwelt in the hilles made a great feast they set vp in the middle of their Market place two great hie trees like our Maie-poles and in the top of them they placed certaine Images made like men compassed about with flowers and so in roundes yet in good order comming thither they strike vp drummes throwing and showting one after the other with stones and arrowes at those Images making great noyse with whooping and hallowing and euery man hauing shott and thrown The Priests brought an other Image which was set belowe on the neather part of the trees whereunto they offered either a man or a sheepe annoynting the Image with the bloud thereof and after they perceiued the tokens in the heart or intrailes they certified it vnto the people and the tokens being found the feast was ended eyther with ioy or sadnes most part in drinking wherunto they are much addicted and so daunced turning and passing vnder each others armes each man hauing either a bill clubbe or some other weapon in his hand such as are desirous to know more of their ceremonies and false worshippings of Idoles let them reade the histories of the Spanish Indies The countrey of Peru was first ruled by Iudges which are Kings or Rulers that come from the great lake called Titicara or as some write Titicaca lying in Charcas being foure score miles in compasse which runneth westward through a great riuer which in some places is halfe a mile broad and then runneth into an other small lake fortie miles distant and it is to be wondered at how the abundaunce of water that runneth out of the great lake is comprehended in so small a place where it is not once perceiued to increase The lake beeing so small and the water so great but it is reported that in that lake there is no botome or ground and that the water runneth vnder the ground thorow the earth into another sea or riuer as it is saide of the riuer Alpheus that it runneth from Peioponces or Moica to Cicilia vnder the ground and from this lake or thereabouts the kings of Peru had their originall the petegree of which kings is by Iacob Fernando a Spaniard declared in this manner Frst Mango Capa who according to the Indians report was not borne of a woman but sprang out of a stone which vntill this day is yet shewne by them about the towne of Cusco hee by his wife Mama Guaco had issue one sonne called Sicheroca that ruled after his father and was the second Ingen or king you must vnderstand that the inheritance of the kingdome continueth in the issue sons successiuely and not vnto the children of the sonnes before all the brothers haue raigned one after another but first the eldest sonne is King then after his death his second brother succeedeth in the kingdome and not the eldest brothers sonnes and the second brother dying there being no more brethren the crowne falleth vnto the eldest brothers sonnes without alteration or change this Sicheroca was a valiant souldier like his father and broght many of his neighbours to subiection and by Mama Cura he had issue a sonne called Locuco Pangue the third king who studied rather to holde those landes he had vnder his subiection then to win or increase more vnto them and being aged he married a wife Mama Anauerque by whom he had a sonne called Maita Capa that augmented his kingdome and thervnto ioyned the prouince of Cusco and by his wife Mama Iacchi Dela he had issue a sonne called Capa Cyupangu of whom there is nothing worthy memory onely that he left a sonne by his wife Mama Cagna called Inga
Ruca who likwise did no speciall thing during his life but onely by his wife Mama Mâ—cay he had diuers sonnes and one among the rest called Iaguar Guacinga Iupangue of whome there is a strange history recited which is y t he being a child of y e age of thrée monthes was taken by certaine Caciquen that are likewise Lordes or kinges that thought to kil him and while they coÌ„sulted amongst themselues coÌ„cerning his death it chanced that as the childe cried certaine drops of blood issued out of his eyes whereby they were abashed estéeming it for a miracle they left the child and departed which being taken vp by a stranger was caried to the king and after that became great and proued a braue souldier so that he ouercam many of his neighbours and brought them in subiection vnder him he had to wife Mama Chipuia and by her had his eldest sonne named Viâ—a Cocham that succéeded him in his kingdome and much increased his dominions after him raigned Pachacoti his sonne borne of Mama Yunta Cayan this Prince was much valanter then al his predecessors whereby he ouercame many people and by him the foundation of the castle of Cusco was first begun and dying he left for heire and successor of his kingdome â—opa Inga Iupangue his sonne borne of Mama Anaberque that followed his fathers steppes and ouercame many people and brought them in subiection and finished the castle of Cusco begun by his father The prouinces by him won were Câ—iâ—e and Quito and he caused the kinges hie-waye so much wondered at of all the worlde to be made from Cusco through the prouince of Charcas vnto Chile in the which way from halfe mile to halfe mile he had placed postes by them called Chasquis which were Indians that went faster then any of our horses to the great ease and contentment of trauailers for by that means they might shorten their way and in three dayes trauaile 120 Lâ—uken that is 240 miles by reason of the swiftnes of the men that bare them and stoode for postes after the Aâ—trican manner in the kingdome of Congo as I haue already declared for that after the ariual of the Spaniardes there were neither horses asses nor mules within the country whereon men should ride or trauaile withal This king dying left issue aboue 150. sonnes among the which one of them named Guaynacapa begotten vpon Mama Oclo his wife succeeded him in his kingdom not any thing inferior for valour wisedom and councell both in peace and war much augmenting and increasing the limites of his countrie obseruing great order and equitie in all thinges both concerning the gouernment of the countrie and the people appointing better orders and manie olde and ancient lawes that were vnfit and not conuenient he caused to be abrogated and newe deuised in their place hee maried a wife called Coyam Pilico vaco by whom hauing no children he maried diuers other wiues so that the number of his children was much greater then his fathers who notwithstanding had 150 sonnes Among his children the eldest was called Guascar Inga his mother being called Raua Oclo and as I said before this king Guainacapa much increased in his kingdome and ouercame many people among the which hee helde so good gouernment and order as it séemed in manner vnpossible specially among such rude simple people that were wholy without learning wherein appeered a most manifest example of great subiection and loue in his subiects towards their naturall Lordes and herevpon to his great honour they made the two notable and costly hie-waies so much esteemed in al couÌ„tries and may well be accounted for one of the seauen wonders of the world for when Guainacapa was gon from Cusco with his armie to make warre against the prouince of Quito distant from thence at the least 500 miles he was forced to passe ouer high hills whereby both he and his people indured great trouble and miserie because 〈◊〉 war was full of hard and rough stones before his returne againe being victorious his subiects in token of great ioy as also for his further â—ase and comoditie because hee and his souldiers had indeed so hard and laboursome a â—ournâ—e cut downe and digged vp all the 〈◊〉 waies and stonie cliffes making the waye euen and plaine so that in some places there were vallyes of twentie or thirtie mens height that were filled vp and made euen with the hilles which way they made in that maner for y e length of fiue hundred miles so plaine and euen that any cart or wagon might trauell theron which way after the Spaniards ariual in the contrie was in diuers places spoiled and destroied to let the Indians from traueling that way and thinking this not sufficient when the saide Guainacapa went to visit his country of Quito and tooke his waie through the plain country they likewise made him another way to fill all the vallies and â—rish places therein and to make them euen which way they made about fortie foote broad on both sides with high walles and in the sandy waies they set great â—roughes with ropes tied vnto theÌ„ because men should not lose themselues in the waâ—e which stretched likewise 500 miles the walles as yet in some places are to be seene but by meanes of their warres the Banks for the most part are taken away and burnt and besides all this he him selfe caused many temples of the sunne and other Idoles and diuers Taâ—â—boâ— which are houses of munition and of pleasure for the benefit and commodity of his successors in time of warre to be made and builded as wel on the hils as in the plain countrie both on the riuer sides as in euery way the riuers whereof are at this day in many places to be seene whereby may be coniectured the greatnes and riches of those kings and the great care they had for the defence and safetie of their countries for that heereby when they trauailed through the countrie not only they and all their companie might lodge in those houses but the houses were still furnished and prouided by the people inhabiting about them not only with victuals sufficient for a whole armie but also with apparel and al kinde of weapons that were vsed in the warrs therewith presently to apparell their souldiers and to make them ready for the warres as bowes arrowes pikes halberds clubbes bils c. for 20000. or 30000 men presently to bee raised wherof there was no want and those houses were some 8 or 10 and some twentie miles at the furthest one from the other neuer further distaÌ„t then a days iourney As touching the ornaments of the kings of Peru which they in steed of crownes and princely septers vsed to weare therby to shew their power and maiestie they ware certaine tassels of red woole bound about their heads hanging downe vppon their shoulders almost couering their eies whereat there hung other threeds which they vsed when they would haue any thing
done or executed giuing that thrid vnto one of the Lordes that attended on them and by that commandement gouerned the prouinces and by that token they commaunded al whatsoeuer they would desire which by their subiects was with so great diligeÌ„ce and dutiful obedience fulfilled that the like was neuer knowen in any place throughout the world and if hee chanced to command that a whole prouince shuld be clean destroyed and vtterly left desolate both of men and all liuing creatures whatsoeuer both yong old if he sent but one of his seruants to execute the same although he sent no other power or aide of men nor other commission then one of the theerds of his Quispell it was sufficient and they willingly yeelded themselues to all dangers of death or destruction whatsoeuer These kings were borne in chariots or seats made of beaten golde borne on the shoulders of 1000. Lordes and councelours at times thereunto appointed wherof if any of them vnaduisedly stumbled staggered he was presently put to death and no man spake vnto the king at any time but they brought him certaine presents and if they went to speake with him ten times in a daie so often must they preseÌ„t him with new gifts it was likewise accounted for a great fault so looke y e king in the face Being in the wars and hauing ouercome any countrie or prouince they obserued the ancient custom of Rome which was to take the people with them that they might not rise vp or rebell against them yet with great diffrence from the Romaines for that hauing won â—ame land or prouince they tooke many or â—â—we out of it according to the number of people that were therein if these whom they had conquered inhabited in a hot countrie they were placed in another warme country if theirs were cold they likewise went into a cold countrie where they had the lands deuided among theÌ„ that each man might liue vpon it And it the naturall countâ—â—men of any prouince or place wâ— to â—â—bel against their prince the kings Liâ—tenants and CoÌ„maunders vsed the 〈◊〉 as â—hat is the strange people to keep them in subiection and to the contrarie if the Mitimaes seemed once to stirre or rise vp they kept them in subiection by the naturall inhabitants and by this policie they maintained their countrie in great peace and quietnesse Besides this they vsed another meanes not to bee hated of their subiects for that they neuer tooke the rule or authoritie of any people that were subdued by them from the Caciquen or Lords that were nobly borne if any of them disliked thereof they punished him yet gaue his office either to his children or to his brethren commaunding them to bee obedient when they went to hunt and take their pleasures which they call Chico they assembled many men together according to the scituation of the countrey some times foure or 5000. men whom they placed in a ring together that many times compassed at the least two or three miles and so singing a certain song they followed each other foote by foote vntil they were so neare togither that they might reach hands and yet nearer till they could imbrace each other the nerer they went together the closer they made the ring by which meanes al the beasts by them inclosed they killed as they thought good with so great a noyse and crie as seemed incredible not much vnlike the maner of the Duch Princes in their general huntings specially of the Wolues onely that they haue not so many men nor sing not yet make a great noyse The beasts that they take are wild Sheepe Rheen Foxes Lions blacke Beares Cattes many Hogges and other beasts foules as Turtle doues Quailes Spetchten Parrots Hawkes c. The tributes and talages that the kings receiued of their subiects were things of their owne increase out of the countreyes that were vnfruitfull they brought him Hoopwik of Crocadiles by them called Caymans and many other wormes This Guaynacapa renewed the temple of the sunne in the Citie of Cusco couering the wals and ruffes with plates of gold and siluer and as I said before the prouince and countrey of Quito was woon by him which countrey pleased him so well that for a time hee continued therein meane time leauing his eldest son Guascar Iuga Mango and other of his children in Cusco to gouerne the countrey and in Quito hee married another Wife daughter to the Lord of the same prouince and by hir he had Atabalipam a son whom he greatly loued and when he trauailed to Cusco hee left him and others in Quito yet before he dyed he went once againe to Quito partly because the country liked him so well and partly to sée his sonne Atabalipam and there before he dyed hee ordained that the countrey and towne of Quito shuld remaine to his sonne Atabalipam and his heires for euer as beeing taken from his forefathers which his sonne Guascar after his fathers death would not permitte and for the same cause raised warres against his brother which in the ende was the ouerthrow and subiection of Peru whereof as in the life of Gualcaâ— that after his fathers death ruled all the countrey vnto Quito it appeareth Guascar signifieth a cord or cable for that at the time of his birth the king caused a cable of gold to be made as great as two hundred Indians could carry hee vsed likewise a plate of golde whereon hee sate worth at the least 25000. duckets which after fell into the hands of Francisco Pizarro first gouernour of Peru and all his vessel was of golde whereby it appeareth that golde was likewise much esteemed by them The Kings in Cusco had many goldesmiths shoppes therein to make and worke al kinde of vessels Iewels and images of men beastes foules and hearbes of golde al in good proportion and although theyr Goldsmithes vsed not any iron tooles yet they make most excellent workmanshippe although somewhat groser and plainer then ours The manner of working was in this sort first they tooke the siluer or golde that they would melt and put it in rounde or long melting vessels made of cloath pasted about with earth and beaten colours which being drie they set it in the fire with as much golde and siluer therein as they would melt or as it would hold and so with fiue or sixe reedes blowe so long about it vntill the mettall melted and became redde hot and the skimme being taken off it being taken out of the melting vessell euerie man had his part which they sitting vppon the earth with blacke Keâ—ciâ—ick stones made in form like hammers they forged framed theyr images of Gods vessels and Iewels of gold chaines and formes of all kinde of beastes birdes and hearbes with all manner of things But to returne vnto our former matter the Sonnes of Guaynacaâ—a called Guascar and Atabalipa were the cause of the destruction ruine and ouerthrowe of the countrey of Peru by reason
of the wars by them made one against the other for the gouernment of the country which was so cruell that they once met fought for the space of thrée whole dayes together and neuer ceased where many people were slaine â— and Atabalipa taken in the battel and kept prisoner in the prouince of Tomebamba and there very straightly kept in one of the Kings Castles yet by subtiltie and intreatie made to certaine women he had a copper instâ—â—ment brought vnto him wherewith hee brake the walles of the Castle of Tomebamba and gote out of prison at the same time that his brothers souldiers and captaines were making good cheere drinking their Cicha whereunto they are much addicted and dauncing for ioy of the victorie and being at libertie he fled vnto Qâ—â—to telling his people that he was by his father conuerted into a snake and so crept out of prison at a little hole his father promising him victorie so that his men would once againe returne with him to battaylet whereby his people were so well incouraged that they went with him agayne into the fielde where Fortune fauouring him and being victorious hee tooke his brother Guascar prisoner to whome not long before he hadde beene prisoner and therewith obtained all the Countrey making himselfe chiefe ruler thereof keeping his brother prisoner within Cusco About the same time Franciscus Pizarrus arriued in Peru being Oyuaer of those two mightie kings and by reason of theyr dissension made him maister of so great and rich countries of gold Hee that desireth a larger description hereof may reade the Spannish Histories that write of the description of the new worlde Pizarius being in the Countrey made warre against Atabalipam and in th end ouercame him and for a time kept him prisoner and during his imprisonment hee agréed with Pizario for a certaine ransome and when it was ready hée caused his brother Guascar to be sent for out of Cusco and by the way before he came at him he caused him to be slaine fearing and not without a cause that if Guascar once came before the Spaniard and should declare his misfortune he would without all doubt offer a greater ransome as he had done then hée should pay and by that meanes he shoulde remaine in prison and his brother at libertie hauing hadde al the treasure of his predecessours as also his fathers But Aâ—tabalipa hauing brought his ransom which amounted vnto 3088235. gilderus was not long after by crueltie of the Spaniards without any cause and also against theyr othe and promise most shamefully by certaine Moores at the commaundement of Pizarius openly strangled in the Market place and as some write his body was after burned to ashes This was the 〈◊〉 able end of the mightie K. Atabalipa a man of a meane stature wise and high minded wholly giuen to rule Twenty dayes before his death there appeared a blazing starre which when he perceiued he prophecied that in shorte time after a grâ—at Prince of that country should die not thinking it to be himselfe Guascar and Atabalipa being both dead the gouernment fâ—l vnto Mango Inga the third brother who dying left his kingdome to his son Xaires Topa Inga that maried a wife caled Câ—ya daughter of a noble man called Cuxi Vâ—rcay Guascaris and he before he entred into the gouernement chaunged his name to Mango capa Pachuti Iupan withall making himselfe subiect vnto Philip King of Spaine which hapned 1557. on the sixt of Ianuary being Twelfe day Thus much touching the kings of Peru. A description of the places or townes lying among the hils THrée miles from Cusco lieth the valley Iucay a very pleasant valley lying betwéene two hilles very fresh and wholesome aire as being therin neither ouer hot nor colde and two miles beyond it lieth Tambo another valley wherein are seene great ruines of the kings munition houses And trauelling further you come to Condesuyo a prouince where in times past there dwelt certaine warlike people their townes standing betwéene high hils where there were many wilde and tame beasts Their houses were of stone couered with strawe therein also were many houses and pallaces of noble men They haue all one maner of liuing with the rest the Peruuians offering lambes and other beastes in their churches wherein at certaine times the diuell shewed himselfe the riuers are rich of golde and there are made certayne couerlets of fine wooll cunningly wrought in diuers colours This way before called Andes is very long for it runneth cleane through Peru to the straites of Magellanas wherein there lieth many prouinces and townes and diuers high trees some couered with snowe others with flames of burning brimstone whereby it is very hard to be trauelled specially because therein for the most part it commonly raineth Trauelling many miles further you come to the countrey called Collao wherein is the lake called Tiâ—icaca where there is an Island and therein a Temple of the Sunne wherein they sowed their maiz and kepe their treasure Round about this lake are many villages and therein much good fish is taken Somewhat further you come vnto the town of Plata which is a hundred and fiftie miles from Cusco in the prouince of Chaâ—cas in a colder aire then any other place in all the hilles there are but fewe inhabitants but such as are verie rich and most because of the mynes of Porco and Potosi for Potoâ—i is not aboue eighteene miles from the towne of Plata discouered by the company of Captaine Caruaial for that as some of the Indians with one Ian de Villa Roel a townsman of Plata trauelled thorow the countrey they found a high hil lying in a flat and euen vallie wherein perceiuing certaine tokens of siluer they melted a peece of the Minerall and found it so rich that one quintal made fourscore marks siluer the like whereof was neuer heard of This newes being come to Plata presently the cheefe gouernours of the towne went thither where they diuided vnto euerie man as much as he could doo or labour in whereby such resort came thither that in short time the place was inhabited by more then 7000. men the Indians working and making contract with the Spaniards their maisters how much siluer they wold weekly deliuer This mine is of a wonderfull strange nature because it wil not be molten by blowing with the bellowes neyther in fornaces like other mynes but only in smal furnaces by them caled Guairas which they sette vppon the highest parte of the hill placing the mouthes southwarde from whence the winde dooth continually blowe throwing into the mine fire coales and sheepes dongue whereby the winde made the fire to burne so hot and cleare as that not any bellowes or other instruments coulde doo more and the Peruuians working in this maner by so easie means had so great gain that some of them got weekly besids theyr maisters parte fortie thousande Pezos but by resort it became likewise to be scarse