of_o patronage_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o fee_n which_o we_o possess_v and_o these_o 〈◊〉_d term_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n patronus_fw-la fee_n prat_n â—i_fw-la lexicon_fw-la verb._n patronus_fw-la and_o theâ—â—_n be_v very_o few_o infant_n that_o succeed_v to_o good_a estate_n who_o escape_v their_o wardship_n and_o custody_n for_o as_o there_o be_v none_o with_o we_o except_o 〈◊〉_d crown_n who_o be_v seize_v of_o their_o estate_n anâ—_n tenement_n in_o a_o free_a or_o large_a title_n thâ—â—_n fee_n so_o be_v there_o scarce_o any_o fee_n less_o worth_a but_o that_o it_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o a_o patroâ—_n by_o knight_n service_n now_o those_o thing_n whicâ—_n be_v proper_a to_o this_o service_n be_v guard_n maâ—â—age_n and_o relief_n 4_o relief_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o 1._o a_o infant_n heir_n who_o succeed_v his_o ancestor_n 4._o ancestor_n f._n b._n 262._o fletl_n 1._o c._n 11._o dyer_n 362._o gla._n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 32._o brit._n c._n 66._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o in_o knight_n service_n remain_v under_o the_o guard_n and_o custody_n of_o his_o lord_n uâ—till_o he_o come_v to_o perfect_a age_n for_o before_o thâ—â—_n age_n he_o be_v not_o adjudge_v capable_a of_o those_o warâ—ick_a accomplishment_n requisite_a for_o a_o knight_n â—nd_v due_a to_o his_o lord_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o teâ—ure_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o fall_v out_o sometimes_o that_o age_n be_v dispense_v with_o some_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n before_o â—hey_n be_v complete_a one_o and_o twenty_o year_n old_a but_o our_o law_n suppose_v these_o to_o be_v able_a to_o do_v those_o office_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n wherefore_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o custody_n though_o infant_n 267._o infant_n brook_z tit_n gard._n 42._o &_o 72_o fulbeck_n in_o paral_n f._n 29._o plough_v 267._o 2._o and_o this_o right_n of_o custody_n spring_v from_o â—his_fw-la reason_n that_o since_o he_o who_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n be_v oblige_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n at_o the_o first_o invest_n of_o the_o estate_n â—o_o follow_v his_o lord_n as_o a_o knight_n in_o the_o king_n war_n it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a in_o train_v up_o the_o infant_n in_o â—eats_n of_o arm_n than_o the_o lord_n himself_o 16._o himself_o fort._n c._n 44._o polid._n virg._n l._n 16._o 3._o but_o if_o such_o a_o heir_n be_v female_a she_o remain_v in_o custody_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_n 3._o ancient_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 3._o but_o till_o fifteen_o and_o according_a to_o our_o modern_n no_o long_o than_o sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n 4_o age_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o â—or_a no_o soon_o do_v they_o come_v to_o that_o age_n but_o they_o be_v immediate_o presume_v to_o be_v able_a to_o govern_v their_o house_n and_o to_o marry_v such_o a_o husband_n that_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o do_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n ibid._n fee_n bract._n &_o lit._n ibid._n but_o if_o she_o be_v complete_a fourteen_o year_n old_a at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancestor_n neither_o her_o body_n or_o land_n shall_v fall_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o lord_n 7._o lord_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o mert._n c._n 6._o west_n 1._o c_o 22._o instit_fw-la jur._n com._n c._n 24._o br._n tit_n gard._n 7._o 4._o but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n it_o come_v in_o question_n whether_o the_o heir_n be_v a_o infant_n or_o not_o he_o shall_v remain_v in_o custody_n until_o it_o be_v determine_v b._n determine_v brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o brit._n c._n 66_o fol._n 167._o b._n 5._o if_o a_o knight_n fee_n descend_v to_o a_o heir_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n the_o father_n live_v shalâ—_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o his_o body_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o land_n for_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o no_o one_o as_o to_o his_o person_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o lord_n his_o father_n live_v 4._o live_v lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o 6._o if_o land_n discend_v to_o a_o wife_n who_o after_o issue_n have_v by_o her_o husband_n die_v so_o that_o the_o husband_n for_o default_n of_o have_v possession_n 〈◊〉_d the_o land_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o wife_n can_v be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n in_o this_o case_n the_o issue_n unless_o it_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o father_n as_o be_v his_o elder_a son_n shall_v be_v in_o custody_n and_o if_o such_o issue_n be_v a_o female_a and_o a_o infant_n at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o mother_n she_o shall_v remain_v if_o her_o father_n have_v a_o son_n live_v in_o custody_n notwithstanding_o her_o father_n be_v alive_a 143._o alive_a f._n b._n fol._n 143._o 7._o lord_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n may_v transfer_v the_o guard_n of_o his_o tenant_n to_o another_o from_o whence_o there_o arise_v this_o distinction_n of_o guardian_n iâ—_n law_n and_o guardian_n in_o tail_n guardian_n iâ—_n law_n be_v the_o lord_n himself_o guardian_n in_o tail_n be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o lord_n have_v grant_v the_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o heir_n 4._o heir_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 3._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o 8._o there_o be_v also_o a_o guardian_n simple_o and_o original_o so_o call_v and_o a_o guardian_n by_o accident_n from_o the_o cause_n of_o custody_n original_o be_v he_o who_o in_o right_n of_o his_o fee_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o his_o tenant_n causary_o be_v he_o who_o for_o that_o he_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n be_v yet_o a_o infant_n have_v upon_o that_o score_n the_o custody_n of_o another_o who_o be_v tenant_n to_o his_o ward_n 38._o ward_n f._n b._n fol._n 139._o d._n dyer_n 123_o n._n 38._o for_o a_o infant_n can_v be_v guardiâ—â—_n of_o a_o infant_n 11._o infant_n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o â—_o when_o there_o be_v a_o heir_n male_a or_o female_a â—ho_n have_v many_o capital_a lord_n they_o can_v 〈◊〉_d have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o therefore_o one_o must_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n â—nd_v that_o be_v he_o who_o first_o enfeoff_v the_o tenant_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n service_n the_o rest_n shall_v only_o be_v permit_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n which_o â—â—e_v hold_v of_o their_o fee_n 2._o fee_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 4_o etc._n etc._n stamf._n prerog_n c._n 2._o 10._o but_o if_o any_o heir_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o â—â—pite_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o he_o have_v â—â—her_a lord_n or_o not_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o â—eir_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o priority_n or_o posteriority_n of_o infeoff_v for_o that_o the_o king_n â—ath_v no_o equal_a or_o superior_a in_o his_o realm_n sup_n realm_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o bract._n &_o stam._n ut_fw-la sup_n 11._o a_o ward_n who_o be_v once_o free_v from_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o guardian_n as_o by_o marry_v or_o contract_v matrimony_n with_o his_o consent_n â—â—all_v not_o return_v again_o into_o the_o custody_n and_o â—â—at_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v under_o fourteen_o â—ears_n of_o age_n or_o afterward_o that_o he_o shall_v marâ—y_v before_o 21._o 4._o 21._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 38._o n._n 1._o lit._n l._n 2._o c_o 4._o 12._o if_o there_o shall_v be_v many_o daughter_n coâ—cites_v who_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n they_o â—hall_v be_v all_o under_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o capital_a â—ord_n and_o none_o under_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o mother_n 6._o mother_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 6._o of_o the_o legal_a guardianship_n of_o parent_n tit._n xviii_o the_o father_n be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o elder_a soâ—_n for_o if_o a_o inheritance_n fall_v to_o such_o a_o infaâ—â—_n who_o have_v a_o father_n live_v notwithstanding_o that_o the_o land_n if_o they_o be_v hold_v in_o knight_n service_n be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n yet_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n shall_v remaiâ—_n with_o his_o father_n 37._o father_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o cook_n l._n 3._o case_n rat._n foe_n .._o 37._o 1._o so_o also_o the_o mother_n of_o a_o infant_n 〈◊〉_d hold_v in_o socage_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n 〈◊〉_d the_o body_n and_o land_n of_o the_o heir_n before_o aâ—â—_n kindred_n either_o of_o the_o father_n side_n or_o mothâ—â—_n side_n of_o fiduciary_a guardianship_n tit._n xix_o that_o tutela_n fiduciaria_n which_o the_o romanâ—_n impose_v upon_o the_o male_a child_n theiâ—_n parent_n be_v dead_a and_o upon_o the_o childreâ—_n of_o patron_n our_o ancestor_n seem_v whole_o 〈◊〉_d have_v neglect_v concern_v the_o first_o weâ—_n have_v nothing_o determine_v save_o that_o which_o we_o mention_v before_o of_o the_o legal_a guardianship_n
seize_v either_o in_o his_o life_n time_n or_o at_o his_o death_n namely_o upon_o the_o day_n on_o which_o he_o die_v and_o if_o the_o right_n descend_v to_o more_o heir_n successive_o and_o without_o seisin_n yet_o the_o heir_n have_v the_o same_o seisin_n appertain_v to_o he_o as_o the_o ancestor_n have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o life_n or_o at_o his_o death_n and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o participation_n or_o meeting_n of_o propriety_n with_o the_o seisin_n the_o heir_n have_v immediate_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la a_o freehold_n 1._o freehold_n glan_n and._n bract._n ib._n 25._o e._n 3._o stat._n 2._o and_o 42._o e._n 3._o c._n 10._o flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o 3._o our_o author_n do_v not_o make_v in_o the_o case_n of_o heir_n a_o like_a division_n some_o distinguish_v they_o into_o never_o and_o more_o remote_a 3_o remote_a glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 3_o and_o some_o into_o near_a and_o more_o near_o remote_a and_o more_o remote_a 2._o remote_a bract._n l._n 20._o c._n 30._o n._n 1_o brit._n c._n 118._o flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o and_o 2._o 4._o if_o one_o have_v many_o son_n they_o be_v all_o near_a heir_n those_o that_o be_v last_o bear_v and_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v before_o they_o ib._n they_o bract._n ib._n and_o so_o be_v daughter_n when_o son_n fail_v ib._n fail_v glan_n ib._n the_o next_o heir_n be_v he_o who_o be_v bear_v first_o ib._n first_o bract._n ib._n unless_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n hinder_v ib._n hinder_v glan_n ib._n or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o the_o young_a brother_n a_o denizen_n 20._o denizen_n dr._n and_o stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o and_o c._n 20._o 6._o a_o heir_n remote_a be_v where_o one_o have_v many_o son_n and_o daughter_n the_o son_n be_v near_a heir_n and_o the_o daughter_n remote_a this_o hold_v always_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o the_o male_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o female_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n 3._o degree_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 30._o n._n 3._o 7._o if_o there_o be_v many_o son_n and_o no_o daughter_n but_o grandson_n the_o son_n shall_v be_v near_a heir_n and_o the_o grandson_n remote_a ib._n remote_a id._n ib._n if_o there_o be_v many_o daughter_n and_o no_o son_n they_o shall_v be_v all_o next_o heir_n ib._n heir_n glan_n ib._n 8._o so_o may_v they_o be_v term_v more_o remote_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o inheritance_n be_v more_o remote_a as_o the_o lineal_a nephew_n or_o neices_n son_n his_o grandson_n his_o great_a grandson_n his_o great_a great_a grandson_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o direct_a line_n or_o if_o there_o want_v of_o that_o line_n then_o in_o the_o transverse_n ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la 20._o infinitum_fw-la bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 20._o 9_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o england_n that_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o son_n but_o daughter_n then_o all_o the_o daughter_n shall_v be_v coheir_n 1._o coheir_n dr._n and._n stu._n ib._n glan_n ib._n flc._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v also_o true_a in_o nephew_n &_o their_o child_n where_o male_n be_v want_v 10._o and_o this_o be_v always_o a_o maxim_n that_o a_o fee-simple_n can_v never_o ascend_v from_o a_o son_n â—o_o a_o father_n or_o mother_n or_o any_o other_o ancestor_n â—n_o a_o direct_a line_n 119._o line_n coo._n l._n 3._o foe_n 40._o ratlife_n case_n dr._n and._n stu._n ib._n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o brit._n c._n 119._o nor_o can_v any_o one_o in_o a_o transverse_a line_n succeed_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o heir_n to_o who_o it_o may_v descend_v in_o the_o direct_a 2._o direct_a bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 31._o n._n 1._o flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 2._o 11._o that_o issue_n which_o be_v bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v by_o our_o law_n a_o bastard_n nor_o can_v it_o succeed_v in_o a_o inheritance_n nor_o can_v a_o bastard_n have_v any_o heir_n save_v of_o his_o own_o body_n 50._o body_n dr._n and_o stu._n ib._n 20._o h._n 3._o c._n 4._o perk._n 49._o 50._o 12._o chattel_n neither_o personal_a nor_o real_a come_v unto_o the_o heir_n but_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o executor_n or_o from_o a_o intestate_a to_o the_o ordinary_a and_o from_o he_o to_o the_o administrator_n who_o he_o shall_v appoint_v 48._o appoint_v glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 16._o perk._n 48._o or_o if_o no_o body_n will_v administer_v than_o ought_v the_o ordinary_a to_o sequester_v they_o upon_o his_o own_o peril_n 57_o peril_n 13._o e._n 1._o c._n 19_o 31._o e._n 3._o c._n 1â—_n 21._o h._n 8._o c._n 5._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 57_o dier_n foe_fw-mi 277._o n._n 57_o 13._o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v in_o stead_n of_o heir_n when_o either_o through_o defect_n or_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n the_o blood_n be_v extinguish_v 1._o extinguish_v flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o yet_o at_o this_o day_n this_o be_v not_o without_o distinction_n of_o the_o legal_a succession_n on_o the_o father_n side_n tit._n ii_o in_o the_o transverse_n or_o collateral_a line_n the_o rule_n be_v that_o those_o be_v heir_n who_o partake_v of_o the_o whole_a blood_n with_o the_o party_n decease_v for_o example_n a._n have_v issue_n b._n a_o son_n and_o c._n a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o d._n a_o son_n by_o a_o second_o venture_n and_o die_v b._n succeed_v he_o and_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o this_o case_n c._n the_o sister_n shall_v succeed_v and_o not_o d._n 1._o d._n lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o brit._n c._n 119._o n._n 7._o flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o 1._o so_o also_o a._n have_v a_o brother_n b._n and_o two_o son_n viz._n c._n by_o one_o venture_n and_o d._n by_o another_o die_v to_o who_o c._n succeed_v and_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o this_o case_n b._n the_o uncle_n who_o be_v of_o whole-blood_n shall_v succeed_v and_o not_o d._n the_o brother_n 40._o brother_n lit._n ib._n coo._n l._n 3._o rat._n case_n foe_n 40._o but_o if_o b._n die_v without_o issue_n then_o d._n shall_v succeed_v be_v of_o entire_a blood_n with_o he_o both_o by_o the_o grandfather_n side_n and_o grandmother_n and_o therefore_o if_o b._n have_v not_o be_v brother_n to_o a._n both_o by_o father_n side_n and_o mother_n side_n it_o shall_v have_v be_v otherwise_o 2._o the_o collateral_a line_n be_v double_a one_o descend_v by_o the_o brother_n to_o his_o child_n the_o other_o ascend_v by_o the_o uncle_n but_o none_o succeed_v on_o the_o ascend_a line_n but_o for_o default_n of_o heir_n on_o the_o descend_v 119._o descend_v bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 30._o n._n 1._o brit._n c._n 119._o 3._o he_o be_v heir_n in_o the_o collateral_a descend_a line_n who_o be_v near_a in_o degree_n and_o if_o this_o line_n fail_v than_o he_o who_o be_v next_o to_o the_o party_n decease_v in_o the_o ascend_a collateral_a line_n 2._o line_n bract._n ib._n flc._n l._n 6._o c._n 2._o 4._o if_o there_o be_v two_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o both_o male_n the_o elder_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v but_o if_o they_o be_v male_a and_o female_a the_o male_a be_v heir_n as_o in_o the_o direct_a and_o right_a line_n 7._o line_n brit_n ib._n n._n 1._o 2._o and_o 7._o 5._o where_o a_o estate_n come_v by_o the_o mother_n side_n there_o the_o son_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o the_o mother_n side_n be_v heir_n and_o not_o the_o brother_n of_o the_o father_n ib._n father_n id._n ib._n but_o where_o the_o son_n purchase_v a_o estate_n with_o his_o own_o money_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n there_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v succeed_v and_o not_o on_o the_o mother_n side_n unless_o for_o defect_n of_o heir_n on_o the_o father_n side_n 39_o side_n lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o coo._n l._n 3._o rat._n case_n foe_fw-mi 39_o but_o the_o heir_n on_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v succeed_v rather_o than_o the_o land_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n 444._o lord_n blow_n 444._o 6._o a._n have_v two_o son_n b._n and_o c._n b._n in_o his_o father_n life_n time_n commit_v felony_n and_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n after_o which_o a._n die_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o fee_n whereof_o a._n die_v seize_v shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n or_o descend_v to_o c._n the_o second_o son_n and_o here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o b._n die_v without_o issue_n for_o than_o it_o descend_v to_o c._n otherwise_o it_o shall_v escheat_n 15._o escheat_n dier_n foe_fw-mi 48._o n._n 15._o but_o if_o b._n have_v be_v condemn_v live_v his_o father_n and_o survive_v he_o in_o this_o case_n notwithstanding_o his_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o estate_n shall_v have_v escheat_v and_o not_o descend_v to_o c._n 110._o c._n
vii_o neither_o be_v there_o among_o we_o any_o the_o least_o use_n of_o this_o law_n which_o for_o so_o many_o age_n together_o be_v by_o the_o roman_n abrogate_a as_o envious_a and_o cruel_a of_o those_o which_o be_v in_o their_o own_o and_o those_o which_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o other_o tit._n viii_o we_o have_v discourse_v before_o of_o the_o state_n of_o person_n now_o we_o be_v to_o make_v another_o division_n and_o this_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v either_o in_o their_o own_o power_n or_o in_o the_o power_n of_o other_o 5._o other_o brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o fet._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o 1._o in_o their_o own_o power_n be_v all_o who_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o other_o but_o we_o shall_v by_o consequence_n know_v those_o which_o be_v in_o their_o own_o power_n when_o we_o shall_v declare_v who_o be_v under_o subjection_n to_o other_o 2._o other_o brac._n ib._n â—_o 2._o 2._o in_o the_o power_n of_o other_o be_v servant_n which_o power_n of_o lord_n over_o their_o vassal_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o this_o be_v sometime_o a_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n but_o now_o it_o be_v more_o restrain_v by_o our_o civil_a law_n so_o that_o now_o power_n over_o life_n and_o limb_n be_v only_o annex_v to_o the_o supremacy_n so_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v kill_v his_o servant_n shall_v be_v no_o less_o punish_v then_o for_o kill_v a_o stranger_n for_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o the_o common_a wealth_n that_o no_o one_o do_v abuse_n their_o own_o and_o in_o this_o they_o have_v law_n against_o their_o lord_n that_o they_o may_v have_v justice_n against_o they_o for_o life_n and_o limb_n in_o case_n of_o any_o cruelty_n or_o intolerable_a injury_n exercise_v by_o their_o lord_n 11._o lord_n mahemium_fw-la lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o as_o if_o you_o destroy_v they_o that_o they_o can_v enjoy_v their_o wainage_n free_a and_o safe_a but_o this_o be_v true_a only_a in_o those_o villain_n which_o hold_v in_o ancient_n demesne_fw-la of_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o be_v otherwise_o of_o other_o because_o when_o ever_o the_o lord_n shall_v please_v he_o may_v take_v from_o his_o villain_n his_o wainage_n together_o with_o all_o his_o other_o good_n whatsoever_o 5._o whatsoever_o brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o n._n 3._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o 3._o and_o as_o to_o freeborn_a people_n also_o some_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o other_o as_o ward_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o their_o guardian_n or_o friend_n or_o under_o the_o tuition_n of_o their_o lord_n 9_o lord_n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o of_o paternal_a jurisdiction_n tit._n ix_o under_o the_o power_n of_o parent_n be_v child_n bear_v in_o lawful_a matrimony_n so_o be_v nephew_n and_o their_o child_n as_o to_o grandfather_n and_o great_a grandfather_n on_o the_o father_n side_n 1._o side_n brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o n._n 4._o and_o l._n 2._o c._n 24._o n._n 4._o and_o stat._n mer._n a_o 20._o h._n 3._o c._n 9_o jerm_n jur._n ver._n bastardy_n flet._n l._n 6._o c_o 1._o but_o this_o be_v true_a as_o to_o nephew_n and_o their_o child_n only_o where_o their_o father_n die_v and_o they_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n go_v out_o of_o their_o protection_n 6._o protection_n brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 10._o brit._n c._n 119._o fol._n 270._o flet._n l_o 1._o c._n 6._o 1._o those_o which_o be_v not_o legitimate_a be_v not_o repute_v child_n as_o in_o case_n of_o adultery_n and_o otherwise_o nor_o those_o who_o be_v bring_v forth_o contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o man_n kind_n as_o 56._o brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o n._n 7._o and_o l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 3_o c._n 13._o n._n 2._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o and_o l._n 4._o c._n 17._o and_o l._n 6._o c._n 56._o monster_n and_o prodigy_n in_o nature_n but_o those_o which_o be_v irregular_a only_o in_o member_n as_o have_v six_o finger_n or_o four_o or_o only_a one_o shall_v not_o for_o that_o be_v esteem_v illegitimate_a 2._o but_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o that_o ancient_a jurisdiction_n which_o the_o roman_n exercise_v over_o their_o child_n do_fw-mi child_n institut_fw-la imperiales_fw-la cod_n do_fw-mi be_v much_o more_o qualify_v with_o we_o for_o the_o english_a only_o take_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o labour_n of_o those_o child_n which_o be_v under_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n and_o that_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o if_o they_o live_v at_o home_n with_o they_o they_o may_v do_v their_o own_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o be_v retain_v in_o their_o parent_n business_n and_o that_o they_o find_v they_o diet_n and_o clothing_n but_o if_o they_o be_v put_v forth_o to_o learn_v any_o other_o art_n their_o master_n have_v the_o sole_a benefit_n of_o their_o work_n unless_o any_o condition_n forbid_v for_o that_o a_o condition_n may_v prevail_v even_o against_o law_n 5._o law_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o 3._o whatsoever_o estate_n whâ—ther_o adventitious_a or_o bequeath_v especial_o land_n shall_v fall_v unto_o child_n the_o father_n shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o have_v the_o profit_n of_o it_o but_o shall_v be_v liable_a to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o his_o child_n so_o soon_o as_o it_o shall_v come_v of_o age_n but_o that_o i_o may_v explainit_a this_o parentall_a power_n relish_v more_o of_o that_o love_n and_o respect_n which_o child_n bear_v to_o parent_n as_o a_o principle_n infuse_v and_o instill_v by_o the_o law_n of_o religion_n and_o nature_n rather_o than_o of_o any_o compulsion_n of_o force_n by_o which_o the_o law_n oblige_v 38._o oblige_v cook_n l._n 3._o casu_fw-la radclif_n fol._n 37_o 38._o for_o our_o decalogue_n which_o the_o roman_n want_v inculcate_n this_o respect_n with_o promise_n of_o divine_a benediction_n and_o the_o only_a curb_n with_o which_o parent_n restrain_v those_o that_o become_v refractory_a be_v the_o power_n of_o disinherit_n which_o be_v not_o often_o time_n threaten_v in_o vain_a 4._o now_o the_o guardianship_n of_o ward_n be_v double_a one_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o common_a the_o ooth_a of_o the_o statute_n law_n sup_n law_n cook_n ubi_fw-la sup_n and_o it_o be_v true_a the_o common_a law_n give_v a_o action_n of_o treâ—â—pass_n to_o the_o father_n against_o he_o that_o shall_v take_v away_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n which_o action_n 〈◊〉_d good_a in_o reason_n because_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o son_n belong_v to_o he_o 92._o he_o bract._n tit_n tresp_n n._n 92._o 5._o matrimony_n be_v a_o conjunction_n of_o mâ—â—_n and_o woman_n comprehend_v society_n of_o the_o life_n individual_a 25._o individual_a bract._n l._n 1._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 25._o n._n 1._o c._n 3._o n._n 8._o &_o l._n 2._o c._n 14._o brit._n c._n 107._o flet._n l._n 5._o c._n 25._o and_o so_o strict_a be_v this_o coâ—iunction_n in_o our_o law_n that_o man_n and_o wife_n be_v repute_v but_o one_o person_n 217_o person_n brook_n tit._n villena_fw-la 39_o &_o bar._n &_o feme_fw-fr doct._n &_o stu._n c._n 1._o c._n 24._o perk._n 217_o as_o but_o one_o flesh_n it_o the_o divine_a 19_o divine_a gen._n 2._o 24._o fl._n l._n 9_o c._n 19_o 6._o the_o bishop_n have_v determine_v by_o the_o câ—â—non_n and_o statute_n law_n concern_v legitimacy_n and_o illegitimacy_n and_o make_v cerrificaâ—â—_n thereof_o either_o to_o the_o supreme_a power_n or_o the_o justice_n as_o often_o as_o be_v require_v uni_fw-la require_v lib._n intr._n tit_n bast_n f._n 104._o brook_z eod_a do_fw-mi bract._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 6._o n._n 3._o etc._n etc._n 19_o n._n 2._o &_o a._n 25._o cod_n 3._o sta_fw-la 2._o ca._n uni_fw-la 7._o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n 〈◊〉_d england_n that_o issue_n which_o be_v bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v a_o bastard_n but_o he_o which_o marry_v 〈◊〉_d single_a woman_n who_o be_v with_o child_n by_o himself_o oâ—_n any_o other_o make_v her_o issue_n legitimate_a although_o it_o be_v bear_v immediate_o after_o marriage_n for_o in_o this_o case_n marriage_n be_v a_o testimony_n where_o the_o child_n be_v 15._o be_v fle._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o etc._n etc._n 14_o 15._o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v in_o the_o case_n of_o he_o that_o marry_v a_o widow_n with_o child_n viz._n whither_o she_o be_v apparent_o 3._o apparent_o glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 15._o 1_o brac._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la c._n 19_o n._n 2._o &_o a_o 20_o h._n 3._o with_o child_n at_o the_o time_n of_o marriage_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v doubtful_a for_o in_o the_o first_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v â—eputed_v the_o issue_n of_o the_o former_a husband_n in_o the_o other_o of_o the_o latter_a bastardy_n latter_a term._n jur._n tit_n bastardy_n of_o marriage_n tit._n x._o a_o wife_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o her_o husband_n 307._o husband_n dyer_n f._n 79._o n._n 51._o blow_n f._n 307._o
by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n but_o if_o tenant_n in_o socage_n die_v the_o next_o heir_n whether_o son_n or_o daughter_n if_o a_o infant_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o that_o side_n to_o who_o the_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v for_o example_n sake_n if_o the_o estate_n come_v by_o the_o father_n side_n than_o the_o mother_n or_o if_o she_o be_v dead_a the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o her_o side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o infant_n if_o by_o the_o mother_n side_n than_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n on_o the_o father_n side_n 295._o side_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 11._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 77._o n._n 6._o 52_o h._n 3._o c._n 17._o broo._n tit_n guar._n &_o prochein_o be_fw-mi 11_o 12_o 13._o plough_v 295._o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n because_o the_o infant_n may_v be_v in_o less_o danger_n in_o their_o hand_n to_o who_o their_o death_n be_v least_o advantageous_a 45._o advantageous_a fort._n c._n 44._o &_o 45._o so_o that_o none_o that_o be_v a_o coparcener_n in_o socage_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o guard_n or_o custody_n of_o her_o coparcener_n or_o her_o husband_n but_o of_o some_o of_o her_o parent_n and_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v buy_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o daughter_n and_o shall_v take_v any_o of_o they_o to_o wife_n he_o be_v present_o suspect_v and_o shall_v by_o the_o law_n loose_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o suspicion_n 9_o suspicion_n fle._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o 1._o but_o if_o two_o brother_n purchase_n land_n 〈◊〉_d they_o their_o heir_n the_o elder_a if_o at_o age_n â—ay_v have_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o young_a be_v 〈◊〉_d infant_n provide_v they_o be_v both_o legitimate_a 92._o legitimate_a brit._n c._n 35._o fol._n 92._o 2._o and_o these_o heir_n according_a to_o the_o â—â—cients_n go_v out_o of_o wardship_n at_o fifteen_o year_n 〈◊〉_d age_n 11._o age_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 36._o n_o 2._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o but_o according_a to_o the_o modern_a â—â—actise_n at_o fourteen_o 118._o fourteen_o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5_o doct._n &_o stu._n c._n 7_o fol._n 141._o f._n b._n 118._o in_o regard_n the_o law_n â—â—pposeth_v that_o at_o this_o age_n they_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o husbandry_n but_o tenant_n by_o the_o custom_n call_v â—avelkinde_a be_v sixteen_o year_n old_a complete_a may_v alien_a their_o land_n by_o feostment_n â—â—thout_v licence_n from_o their_o guardian_n 50._o guardian_n dyer_n foe_n 301._o n._n 41._o fitzh_n custom_n 11._o brook_z ibid._n 50._o 3._o so_o also_o tenant_n in_o burgage_n who_o be_v infant_n their_o father_n or_o ancestor_n be_v dead_a 〈◊〉_d commit_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o â—enant_n in_o socage_n be_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o â—â—eir_n kindred_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v free_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a discreet_o to_o â—unt_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o perform_v other_o such_o like_a business_n but_o in_o this_o â—â—se_n the_o certain_a time_n be_v not_o define_v but_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o discretion_n and_o maturity_n of_o the_o â—eires_n 11._o â—eires_n bract_v ubi_fw-la sup_v flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o 4._o a_o woman_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o perfect_a â—ge_n in_o socage_n in_o all_o case_n so_o soon_o as_o she_o be_v aâ—e_a to_o know_v how_o to_o dispose_v of_o her_o house_n and_o 〈◊〉_d do_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o disâ—â—sing_n and_o order_v her_o family_n and_o be_v able_a 〈◊〉_d understand_v what_o appertain_v to_o cone_n and_o â—â—ey_n which_o can_v be_v before_o she_o be_v fourteen_o 〈◊〉_d fifteen_o year_n old_a because_o this_o age_n require_v â—â—der_a and_o judgement_n 2._o judgement_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 39_o n._n 2._o 5._o a_o female_a heir_n be_v according_a to_o somâ—_n ancient_a writer_n judge_v equal_a with_o a_o malâ—_n as_o for_o year_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n â—…_n tenor_n viz._n that_o she_o shall_v have_v the_o samâ—_n age_n in_o burgage_n and_o socage_n as_o a_o male_a â—…_n wit_n fifteen_o year_n and_o in_o chivalry_n likewiâ—…_n as_o the_o male_a viz._n 21._o and_o that_o then_o â—…_n wardship_n shall_v end_v but_o according_a tâ—…_n other_o a_o woman_n be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o full_a age_n iâ—…_n chivalry_n at_o fifteen_o for_o than_o they_o say_v she_o able_a to_o order_v her_o house_n and_o to_o marry_v a_o huâ—…band_n who_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o perform_v servicâ—…_n for_o she_o 3._o she_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 3._o but_o our_o modern_n define_v otherwise_o and_o here_o they_o put_v a_o difference_n whether_o she_o be_v fourteen_o year_n old_a at_o the_o death_n oâ—…_n her_o ancestor_n or_o not_o for_o if_o she_o be_v she_o dâ—…_n immediate_o receive_v the_o profit_n of_o her_o lanâ—…_n otherwise_o not_o till_o she_o come_v to_o sixteen_o 4._o sixteen_o instit_fw-la jur._n come_v c._n 24._o lit._n 2._o c._n 4._o 6._o guardian_n in_o socage_n shall_v give_v a_o account_v of_o his_o office_n to_o his_o ward_n when_o tâ—…_n wardship_n be_v out_o 12._o out_o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n f._n b._n 118_o 119_o 262._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o but_o he_o may_v commit_v tâ—…_n custody_n of_o his_o ward_n to_o a_o stranger_n and_o hâ—…_n grant_v shall_v be_v good_a p._n good_a f._n b._n 143._o p._n of_o disfranchisement_n or_o deminutio_fw-la capitis_fw-la tit._n xvi_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v deminâ—…_n coepitis_fw-la and_o divide_v into_o three_o kind_n 〈◊〉_d so_o distinguish_v by_o the_o english_a notwithstanding_o that_o we_o do_v tacit_o acknowledge_v it_o â—â—uble_v by_o our_o law_n that_o which_o they_o tearâ—â—ed_v the_o least_o we_o whole_o omit_v for_o those_o which_o 〈◊〉_d emancipate_v by_o their_o father_n do_v not_o â—â—ose_v the_o right_n of_o their_o former_a family_n but_o 〈◊〉_d they_o may_v at_o least_o make_v a_o partition_n 〈◊〉_d good_n and_o chattel_n be_v receive_v as_o to_o 〈◊〉_d successiion_n or_o inheritance_n of_o a_o intestate_a 〈◊〉_d those_o who_o be_v adopt_v by_o other_o have_v 〈◊〉_d right_n of_o their_o new_a faculty_n either_o â—â—on_n the_o sole_a agreement_n or_o the_o express_a courtesy_n of_o those_o by_o who_o they_o be_v adopt_v â—â—thout_n assistance_n of_o the_o law_n require_v or_o â—â—pected_v 17._o â—â—pected_v sup._n tit_n adopt_v 17._o 1._o those_o who_o be_v servi_n paenae_fw-la namely_o â—â—ose_v which_o have_v sentence_n for_o treason_n or_o â—â—lony_n loose_v all_o that_o can_v be_v lose_v not_o only_o â—â—eir_n freedom_n and_o liberty_n but_o even_o all_o â—â—at_n they_o have_v and_o their_o life_n also_o 44._o also_o stan._n placit_fw-la coro_n l._n 2._o &_o prerog_n c._n 44._o nor_o â—â—ve_v they_o other_o successor_n than_o the_o exchequer_n or_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n as_o we_o shall_v â—â—ew_n else_o where_o ju._n where_o see_v the_o 4._o book_n tit_n of_o pub._n ju._n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v â—â—th_o reason_n call_v this_o the_o great_a disfranâ—isement_n or_o capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la 2._o and_o although_o the_o ancient_a law_n which_o â—â—nished_v 16._o â—â—nished_v brac._n l._n 3._o tract_n 2._o c._n 16._o brit._n c._n 16._o those_o who_o take_v sanctuary_n for_o reason_n be_v abrogate_a 10._o abrogate_a 22_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o &_o 36_o h._n 8._o c._n 13._o &_o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 7._o &_o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 12._o &_o 33_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o 1_o e._n 6._o c._n 12._o &_o 2_o e._n 6._o c._n 2._o etc._n etc._n 33._o &_o 5_o e._n 6._o c._n 10._o yet_o at_o this_o day_n â—ere_z be_v certain_a crime_n which_o be_v punish_v â—â—th_v abjuration_n 2._o abjuration_n ch._n de_fw-fr forrest_n c._n 10._o &_o 13_o ed._n 1._o c._n 35._o &_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o 35_o eliz._n c._n 2._o but_o those_o who_o undergo_v â—â—is_fw-la penalty_n seem_v to_o undergo_v the_o lesser_a disâ—anchisement_n or_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n â—â—lled_v medium_fw-la capitis_fw-la diminutionem_fw-la 3._o that_o which_o be_v term_v cognationis_fw-la jus_o 〈◊〉_d the_o lesser_a and_o more_o inferior_a capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la and_o seem_v to_o be_v whole_o take_v away_o with_o we_o for_o those_o who_o abjure_v the_o realâ—_n be_v whole_o thrust_v out_o of_o protection_n supra_fw-la protection_n bract._n &_o brit._n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la anâ—_n those_o who_o be_v out_o of_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n of_o england_n have_v nothing_o iâ—_n england_n 3._o england_n bract._n l._n 5._o c._n 23._o n._n 3._o of_o the_o lawful_a guardianship_n of_o lord_n or_o patron_n tit._n xvii_o our_o law_n do_v not_o decree_v any_o thiâ—â—_n that_o i_o know_v concern_v that_o patronâ—â—â—_n tutela_n which_o the_o roman_a law_n mention_n 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v another_o kind_n
the_o son_n a_o knight_n or_o to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n quitrent_n and_o other_o which_o for_o that_o they_o depend_v upon_o divers_a custom_n of_o several_a place_n and_o upon_o the_o several_a will_n of_o lord_n be_v impossible_a punctual_o to_o reckon_v 58._o reckon_v bro._n tit._n tenor_n n._n 50._o &_o 53._o &_o 58._o 29._o secta_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la be_v a_o service_n which_o bind_v the_o tenant_n to_o frequent_v the_o court_n of_o his_o lord_n 158._o lord_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 158._o but_o they_o be_v not_o feodary_n alone_o who_o be_v oblige_v to_o this_o for_o we_o have_v mention_v make_v of_o a_o fourfold_a suit_n of_o court_n one_o by_o covenant_n and_o oligation_n viz._n when_o another_o who_o be_v not_o the_o lord_n of_o my_o fee_n covenant_n with_o i_o or_o my_o ancestor_n though_o not_o his_o feodary_n to_o perform_v this_o suit_n of_o court_n another_o by_o custom_n where_o any_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v wont_a to_o come_v to_o the_o court_n of_o another_o and_o his_o ancestor_n though_o not_o lord_n of_o their_o fee_n the_o three_o we_o may_v call_v a_o servile_a suit_n which_o the_o feodary_n perform_v to_o the_o lord_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o service_n the_o four_o be_v royal_a by_o which_o be_v find_v to_o go_v twice_o a_o year_n to_o the_o sheriff_n court_n or_o leet_n court_v that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o be_v do_v there_o for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n now_o our_o author_n call_v it_o royal_a though_o by_o corruption_n some_o rearm_v it_o real_a because_o the_o main_a reason_n of_o it_o be_v to_o perform_v legiance_n to_o the_o king_n for_o there_o all_o above_o 12._o year_n old_a sug_n old_a term_n of_o the_o law_n tit._n sug_n take_v the_o oath_n before_o mention_v 30._o secta_fw-la ad_fw-la molendinum_fw-la be_v a_o service_n by_o which_o the_o feodary_n as_o bind_v by_o custom_n to_o carry_v their_o corn_n to_o be_v ground_n at_o the_o mill_n of_o their_o lord_n 122._o lord_n f._n n._n b._n sol_fw-la 122._o 31._o heriot_n otherwise_o hariat_fw-la be_v compound_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n here_o &_o gait_n here_o signify_v a_o army_n and_o gait_n a_o journey_n and_o it_o be_v a_o tribute_n payedunto_o the_o lord_n when_o he_o go_v to_o war_n heriot_n war_n lamb._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vero._n heriot_n bracton_n say_v that_o heriot_n be_v alone_o with_o relief_n 36._o relief_n l._n 2._o c._n 36._o and_o britton_n 18._o britton_n c._n 69._o &_o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 18._o that_o it_o be_v the_o gift_n of_o the_o feodary_n at_o his_o death_n give_v to_o his_o lord_n by_o which_o he_o leave_v unto_o he_o the_o best_a beast_n he_o have_v or_o some_o other_o thing_n according_a to_o assignment_n and_o he_o say_v that_o this_o do_v not_o touch_v the_o lord_n nor_o the_o heir_n or_o inheritance_n not_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v liken_v to_o relief_n but_o that_o it_o rather_o spring_v from_o the_o love_n and_o courtesy_n of_o the_o tenant_n come_v either_o from_o a_o right_n or_o necessity_n of_o duty_n and_o that_o both_o from_o villain_n and_o free-tenant_n heriot_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o service_n by_o which_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o leave_v to_o his_o lord_n the_o best_a beast_n or_o for_o defect_n of_o that_o some_o other_o movable_n which_o he_o have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o this_o be_v two-sold_a namely_o servile_a which_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a pay_v or_o constumary_n which_o be_v â—yed_v by_o tenant_n for_o life_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n 5._o custom_n bro._n tit._n heriot_n n._n 5._o of_o uses_n and_o profit_v tit._n iu._n it_o appear_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o service_n be_v either_o real_a or_o personal_a 39_o personal_a brac._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 39_o 〈◊〉_d real_a we_o have_v already_o speak_v personal_a â—re_n such_o as_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o person_n ibid._n person_n id._n ibid._n and_o â—is_fw-la kind_n be_v twofold_a one_o due_a from_o the_o perâ—on_n of_o one_o to_o the_o person_n of_o another_o of_o which_o also_o we_o have_v make_v mention_n before_o the_o other_o which_o be_v due_a from_o a_o estate_n to_o a_o person_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v profit_n use_n habitation_n wherefore_o use_n and_o profit_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o perâ—on_n to_o who_o they_o be_v due_a be_v a_o right_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v due_a a_o service_n 1._o service_n id._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 37._o n._n 1._o 1._o since_o there_o be_v none_o in_o england_n beside_o the_o sovereign_a power_n who_o have_v a_o plenary_a and_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o immovables_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o discern_v who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v possessor_n of_o estate_n as_o to_o the_o profit_n the_o estate_n be_v not_o whole_o they_o which_o we_o shall_v term_v usufructuarii_fw-la and_o who_o nor_o namely_o whether_o all_o subject_n by_o what_o title_n soever_o they_o hold_v or_o only_o some_o who_o hold_v by_o this_o or_o that_o title_n for_o those_o which_o have_v a_o fee_n have_v only_o a_o power_n profitable_a 4._o profitable_a wesenbec_n dâ—_n feod_a c._n 1._o n._n 4._o which_o according_a to_o the_o feodists_n cease_v they_o violate_v the_o faith_n due_a to_o their_o lord_n 〈◊〉_d not_o by_o our_o law_n save_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n 30_o felony_n stanf._n plac_fw-la coron_n l._n 3._o c._n 30_o now_o he_o which_o have_v any_o use_n or_o profit_n loâ—â—_n have_v some_o way_n or_o other_o a_o power_n also_o 2._o also_o bra._n l._n 4_o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 36._o n._n 2._o moreover_o he_o which_o have_v a_o fee-farm_n whoâ—_n the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n call_v eâ—phytenticus_n agre_z eâ—phytenticus_n vectigal_n agre_z which_o be_v one_o that_o have_v anâ—_n state_n to_o improve_v although_o he_o have_v a_o perpetuity_n yet_o he_o pay_v a_o yearly_a rent_n by_o 〈◊〉_d of_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o seignory_n 66._o seignory_n brit._n c._n 66._o last_o he_o that_o have_v a_o freehold_a and_o abuse_v it_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n 〈◊〉_d waste_n 12_o waste_n f._n n._n b._n foe_o 55_o dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c_o 23_o flet_fw-la l_o 1._o c._n 12_o which_o shall_v not_o be_v be_v 〈◊〉_d sole_a lord_n and_o have_v absolute_a power_n in_o 〈◊〉_d dispose_v of_o it_o but_o bracton_n be_v very_o clear_a 〈◊〉_d declare_v what_o title_n our_o lawyer_n incâ—â—â—_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o use_n and_o profit_n for_o 〈◊〉_d stinguish_v between_o a_o freehold_n and_o aâ—â—_n state_n in_o profit_n he_o be_v much_o more_o diligentâ—_n distinguish_v between_o fee_n 83_o fee_n l_o 4_o tr_fw-la 1_o c._n 36_o blow_n foe_n 83_o and_o fâ—â—_v farm_n or_o farm_v of_o the_o profit_n for_o thâ—_n in_o those_o the_o possessor_n have_v a_o perpetuity_n in_o theâ—â—_n only_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n whence_o it_o follow_v thâ—_n he_o only_o be_v a_o usufructuary_n in_o a_o estate_n 〈◊〉_d we_o who_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n for_o teâ—_n of_o year_n or_o at_o the_o will_n of_o another_o or_o 〈◊〉_d who_o have_v land_n by_o way_n of_o pledge_n or_o security_n which_o we_o call_v mortgage_n or_o by_o way_n of_o eâ—â—cution_n who_o we_o call_v according_a to_o the_o â—â—versity_n of_o the_o cause_n tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la tenant_n by_o statute_n staple_n or_o statute_n merchant_n or_o last_o he_o who_o have_v the_o land_n of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d in_o right_n of_o guardianship_n until_o he_o come_v to_o full_a age_n now_o a_o estate_n of_o profit_n may_v be_v create_v with_o we_o either_o by_o gift_n and_o bequest_n or_o by_o conditional_a agreement_n 12._o agreement_n inst_z come_v c._n 5_o flet_n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o and_o it_o appear_v that_o our_o ancestor_n do_v sever_v the_o profit_n of_o a_o fee_n from_o the_o propriety_n until_o it_o be_v change_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n case_n parliament_n 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o coâ—_n l._n 1._o chudleys_n case_n but_o those_o estate_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n or_o by_o the_o verge_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n can_v be_v lease_v out_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n above_o a_o year_n come_v year_n instit_fw-la come_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v bequeath_v or_o alien_v by_o any_o agreement_n without_o be_v first_o surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o from_o thence_o receive_v by_o he_o to_o who_o the_o former_a tenant_n desire_v to_o alienate_v they_o 15._o they_o id_fw-la c._n 15._o 3._o it_o be_v hold_v also_o among_o we_o that_o use_v and_o profit_n may_v be_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v extinguish_v by_o use_n and_o daily_a change_n so_o that_o without_o all_o doubt_n one_o may_v bequeath_v or_o by_o agreement_n create_v a_o use_n of_o servant_n money_n ox_n cow_n
because_o that_o have_v this_o condition_n annex_v viz._n i_o ordain_v a._n my_o heir_n and_o if_o he_o will_v not_o be_v heir_n than_o my_o will_n be_v that_o b._n shall_v be_v my_o heir_n eod_a heir_n inflit._n eod_a now_o this_o of_o we_o iâ—_n not_o bind_v but_o be_v rather_o tacit_o impose_v contrary_a to_o the_o legator_n as_o namely_o thus_o i_o give_v and_o bequeath_v such_o a_o fee_n to_o a._n and_o if_o he_o accept_v it_o then_o i_o will_v that_o such_o or_o such_o shall_v be_v his_o heir_n or_o successor_n 24._o successor_n westminst_n 2_o c._n 1._o dr._n stu._n l._n 7._o c._n 24._o 2._o in_o like_a manner_n if_o we_o bequeath_v any_o thing_n conditional_o to_o any_o one_o we_o make_v substitution_n to_o another_o in_o case_n the_o condition_n be_v not_o perform_v for_o example_n i_o give_v a_o hundred_o pound_n to_o a._n when_o he_o shall_v marry_v a_o wife_n or_o if_o he_o shall_v not_o get_v a_o son_n of_o my_o daughter_n lawful_o than_o i_o give_v the_o say_v hundred_o pound_n to_o b._n of_o pupillary_a substitution_n tit._n xvi_o in_o this_o substitution_n we_o do_v not_o so_o much_o regard_v the_o power_n of_o our_o country_n as_o the_o liberty_n of_o tâ—e_v testator_n so_o that_o a_o legate_n oâ—_n may_v make_v a_o substitution_n pupillary_n either_o to_o his_o own_o chidren_n or_o to_o stranger_n legatee_n who_o be_v under_o age_n as_o i_o give_v to_o a._n my_o own_o child_n or_o another_o a_o hundred_o pound_n when_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o age_n and_o if_o he_o shall_v die_v before_o then_o i_o bequeath_v the_o same_o one_o hundred_o pound_n to_o b._n but_o in_o regard_n that_o case_n of_o will_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n try_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o pontificial_a law_n 2._o law_n bra._n l._n 2._o c._n 26_o n_o 2._o therefore_o our_o law_n have_v as_o it_o be_v pass_v by_o for_o the_o most_o part_n this_o and_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o leave_v they_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o civil_a and_o pontificial_a law_n how_o will_n be_v invalidate_v tit._n xvii_o will_v 's_o can_v be_v just_o make_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la by_o those_o who_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o make_v will_n those_o who_o be_v we_o have_v mention_v before_o they_o may_v also_o be_v null_v by_o a_o late_a will_n 47._o will_n perk._n 476._o 479._o 480._o fulb._n paral_a devise_n foe_n 47._o or_o invalidate_v by_o treason_n etc._n etc._n as_o where_o one_o be_v condemn_v for_o treason_n or_o felony_n after_o his_o will_n make_v 32._o make_v stan._n pl._n corp_n l._n 3_o c._n 20._o and_o c._n 32._o or_o if_o the_o testator_n revoke_v his_o will_n or_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o executor_n who_o he_o name_v throughout_o name_v bro._n exec._n throughout_o 1._o suppose_v a._n make_v two_o will_n one_o in_o the_o six_o the_o other_o in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o eliz._n at_o length_n he_o be_v sick_a and_o speechless_a b._n his_o familiar_a friend_n come_v unto_o he_o give_v he_o into_o his_o hand_n both_o the_o will_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o return_v that_o which_o he_o will_v have_v stand_v for_o his_o will_n a._n return_n that_o which_o be_v make_v the_o six_o year_n in_o this_o case_n that_o will_v which_o he_o return_v shall_v be_v esteem_v the_o late_a 479_o late_a perk._n 479_o 2._o and_o it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o a_o man_n will_n which_o according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v ambulatory_a or_o alterable_a until_o death_n can_v be_v alter_v in_o regard_n of_o prejudice_v another_o contract_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o will_n be_v make_v for_o example_n a._n be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n which_o he_o alienates_v to_o b._n upon_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v his_o for_o life_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_v a._n the_o remainder_n 12._o e_z in_o ip_n co._n i_o be_o arcisc_a &_o l._n omnium_fw-la 19_o c._n de_fw-fr testa_n f_o dier_n foe_fw-mi 49._o n._n 12._o to_o c._n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o upon_o this_o a._n make_v his_o last_o will_n after_o have_v give_v the_o possession_n to_o b._n this_o will_n quatenus_fw-la to_o the_o alienation_n can_v be_v null_v by_o a_o late_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o use_n of_o the_o say_a land_n do_v immediate_o belong_v to_o c._n to_o who_o the_o remainder_n be_v transfer_v so_o that_o he_o may_v immediate_o sell_v they_o if_o he_o please_v 480._o please_v id_fw-la foe_n 325._o n._n 73._o perr_n 480._o of_o those_o will_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o civilian_n testamenta_fw-la inofficiosa_fw-la tit._n xviii_o the_o plaint_n or_o action_n in_o the_o case_n of_o testamentum_fw-la inofficiosum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n with_o we_o for_o as_o concern_v land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o case_n the_o father_n do_v not_o leave_v his_o lawful_a heir_n either_o while_o he_o live_v or_o at_o his_o death_n a_o three_o part_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n the_o will_n be_v void_a as_o to_o that_o part_n 1_o part_n 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 1_o so_o that_o the_o heir_n may_v notwithstanding_o take_v possession_n thereof_o or_o else_o if_o he_o have_v get_v it_o he_o may_v immediate_o himself_o refuse_v 2_o refuse_v brac._n l._n 2._o c_o 30_o n_o 2_o the_o parcel_n bequeath_v or_o quit_v it_o or_o remove_v it_o by_o law_n ib_fw-la law_n id_fw-la ib_fw-la 1._o for_o the_o dispose_n of_o chattel_n there_o be_v several_a custom_n in_o several_a place_n of_o which_o there_o remain_v very_o clear_a sign_n in_o the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o our_o law_n 2_o law_n glan_n l_o 7_o c_o 5_o and_o 7_o brac_n l_o 2_o c_o 26_o n_o 2_o but_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o testator_n have_v always_o a_o free_a will_n of_o dispose_v ib_fw-la dispose_v id_fw-la ib_fw-la wherefore_o that_o writ_n which_o be_v call_v breve_fw-la derationabili_fw-la partebonorum_fw-la which_o liâ—s_v for_o the_o wife_n or_o child_n against_o the_o executor_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o part_n of_o the_o good_n â—_o good_n regist_n foe_o 142_o b_o f_o n_o 122_o â—_o be_v not_o general_a but_o peculiar_a to_o certain_a country_n where_o the_o custom_n be_v that_o debt_n be_v pay_v the_o remainder_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n viz._n one_o part_n to_o the_o wife_n the_o other_o to_o the_o child_n and_o the_o three_o to_o be_v leave_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o testator_n of_o the_o quality_n and_o difference_n of_o heir_n tit._n xix_o heir_n as_o they_o be_v take_v with_o we_o be_v necessary_a in_o time_n past_a as_o to_o the_o drive_v a_o inheritance_n from_o our_o ancient_a predecessor_n to_o the_o next_o ancestor_n 1_o ancestor_n glan_n l_o 7_o c_o 1_o as_o they_o be_v now_o with_o we_o as_o to_o part_v 1_o part_v 32_o h_n 8_o c_o 1_o and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o to_o a_o succession_n in_o the_o estate_n but_o also_o as_o to_o the_o draw_v upon_o themselves_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o ancestor_n 7_o ancestor_n brac_n l_o 2_o c_o 16_o n_o 7_o and_o they_o be_v also_o for_o ever_o bind_v and_o oblige_v to_o warranties_n that_o be_v to_o the_o assurance_n which_o either_o they_o or_o their_o ancestor_n engage_v and_o promise_v to_o those_o to_o who_o they_o sell_v any_o land_n 1._o but_o for_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o child_n natural_a and_o legitimate_a be_v prefer_v before_o other_o to_o succession_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o see_v the_o estate_n and_o difference_n of_o child_n which_o real_o be_v very_o much_o for_o of_o child_n some_o be_v natural_a and_o legitimate_a and_o of_o this_o sort_n some_o be_v son_n and_o heir_n some_o son_n but_o not_o heir_n some_o also_o be_v heir_n of_o the_o father_n some_o of_o the_o mother_n some_o both_o of_o father_n and_o mother_n some_o also_o be_v not_o heir_n although_o legitimate_a and_o natural_a some_o by_o accident_n begin_v to_o be_v heir_n and_o some_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o so_o also_o of_o natural_a and_o legitimate_a issue_n some_o be_v near_o some_o more_o near_o some_o be_v remove_v some_o more_o remove_v 1._o remove_v brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 29_o 30._o brit._n c._n 118._o coo._n l._n 3._o ratc._n case_n foe_fw-mi 40_o 41_o 42._o blow_n 28._o flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o but_o of_o this_o elsewhere_o of_o devise_n tit._n xx._n that_o kind_n of_o donation_n which_o be_v in_o case_n of_o death_n be_v where_o the_o testator_n have_v rather_o that_o himself_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o thing_n bequeath_v then_o that_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v bequeath_v shall_v have_v it_o and_o yet_o that_o he_o have_v rather_o that_o the_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v bequeath_v shall_v have_v it_o than_o his_o own_o heir_n 1._o heir_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 21._o n._n 1._o 1._o our_o common_a law_n
he_o lit._n ib._n 19_o all_o person_n may_v regular_o take_v form_n except_o spiritual_a who_o be_v prohibit_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o family_n 13._o family_n 21._o h._n 8._o c._n 13._o 20._o lessee_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o rent_n to_o the_o lessor_n which_o if_o he_o shall_v fail_v to_o do_v the_o lessor_n during_o the_o term_n may_v distrain_v and_o this_o seem_v true_a whether_o it_o be_v agree_v so_o or_o not_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o lessee_n into_o the_o tenement_n be_v annex_v as_o a_o pledge_n for_o the_o rent_n 1._o rent_n dr._n stu._n l._n 2._o c_o 9_o lit._n ib._n brac_n l._n 2._o c._n 28._o n._n 1._o but_o after_o the_o term_n he_o can_v 59_o can_v lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 59_o the_o payment_n of_o rent_n admit_v no_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o lessee_n be_v not_o free_v by_o pay_v before_o the_o day_n a_o day_n coo._n bevills_n case_n foe_z 10._o a_o if_o tenant_n of_o a_o fee-farm_n do_v not_o occupy_v the_o land_n lease_v for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n by_o reason_n whereof_o there_o can_v be_v no_o distress_n the_o lessor_n upon_o his_o action_n may_v recover_v it_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n g_o hand_n 6_o e._n 1._o c._n 4._o westm_n 2._o c._n 21._o f_o n_n b_o foe_o 209_o g_o 22._o but_o in_o most_o lease_n whether_o for_o year_n 〈◊〉_d life_n it_o be_v covenant_v that_o in_o case_n the_o â—ent_n be_v behind_o at_o a_o certain_a day_n yearly_o 〈◊〉_d half_a yearly_a unpaid_a that_o the_o lessor_n may_v â—â—ter_v &_o reastume_n the_o possession_n to_o himself_o or_o â—â—at_v the_o lease_n shall_v forthwith_o become_v void_a use_v expire_v in_o the_o first_o case_n if_o the_o rent_n at_o â—â—e_z day_n assign_v be_v not_o pay_v be_v lawful_o demand_v upon_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o lesâ—â—r_n not_o only_o he_o in_o his_o life_n time_n but_o after_o his_o â—eath_n unless_o he_o distrain_v in_o his_o life_n time_n 〈◊〉_d the_o rent_n or_o receive_v it_o upon_o tender_a case_n tender_a coo._n l._n 3._o pennants_n case_n 〈◊〉_d heir_n may_v enter_v otherwise_o not_o 17._o not_o dr._n stu_fw-ge l._n 1._o c._n 20._o dier_n foe_n 51._o n._n 17._o for_o â—ent_v aught_o to_o be_v demand_v 836._o demand_v perk._n 836._o nor_o in_o this_o â—â—se_n do_v the_o day_n demand_v for_o the_o man_n but_o 〈◊〉_d the_o condition_n be_v that_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v â—â—id_v in_o any_o extrinsecall_a place_n there_o need_v 〈◊〉_d demand_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o â—â—me_n 24._o â—â—me_n dier_n l._n 8._o n._n 23._o 24._o though_o other_o more_o modern_a affirm_v â—â—e_v contrary_a 73_o contrary_a coo._n l._n 4._o burroughes_n case_n foe_n 73_o 23._o if_o husband_n and_o wife_n hire_v land_n at_o too_o â—â—ere_o a_o rent_n the_o husband_n die_v before_o the_o â—earm_n the_o wife_n may_v leave_v it_o and_o if_o the_o â—_z survive_v the_o wife_n and_o die_v his_o execuâ—â—rs_n have_v the_o same_o liberty_n if_o the_o testotor_n good_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v the_o other_o creditor_n the_o rent_n be_v compute_v for_o 〈◊〉_d term_v of_o year_n 70._o year_n dr._n stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 33._o dier_n foe_n 146._o n._n 70._o 24._o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o a_o year_n upon_o condition_n that_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v pay_v at_o michaellmas_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n give_v a_o general_a release_n to_o the_o lessee_n of_o all_o action_n â—nd_v demand_n this_o do_v not_o remit_v the_o rent_n 8._o rent_n lit._n l_o 3._o c_o 8._o although_o it_o seem_v something_o strange_a 25._o a_o lessee_n be_v not_o only_o bind_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o rent_n 1._o rent_n dier_n foe_fw-mi 4_o n_z 1._o but_o also_o to_o use_v well_o the_o thing_n lease_v 34_o lease_v id._n foe_o 324._o n_o 34_o so_o that_o if_o either_o he_o or_o a_o three_o person_n commit_v waste_a he_o be_v liable_a unto_o the_o lessor_n according_a to_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o statute_n 43._o statute_n 6_o e_z 1_o c_o 5_o dier_n foe_n 90_o n_z 9_o and_z 10_o and_o foe_n 108_o n_z 31_o and_o foe_n 198_o n_z 43._o and_o be_v leave_v to_o take_v his_o remedy_n against_o the_o three_o person_n 4_o person_n dr._n stu_fw-ge l_o 7_o c_o 31_o and_o l_o 2_o c_o 4_o unless_o he_o be_v aâ—_n infant_n 17_o infant_n id_fw-la l_o 1_o c_o 17_o but_o it_o be_v not_o waste_v to_o fell_a timber_n for_o necessary_a reapaâ—tions_n ib_fw-la reapaâ—tions_n id_fw-la ib_fw-la 26._o in_o selâ—ing_v and_o hire_v the_o law_n be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o the_o mutual_a obligation_n of_o person_n as_o in_o covenant_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o lessee_n undertake_v for_o himself_o to_o do_v or_o not_o do_v anything_o his_o executor_n or_o assign_v not_o be_v name_v himself_o be_v only_o bind_v and_o they_o free_a from_o any_o manner_n of_o obligation_n 8_o obligation_n dier_n foe_n 65_o n_z 8_o but_o this_o be_v sometime_o disputable_a a_o lessee_n covenant_n with_o his_o lessor_n that_o if_o either_o he_o his_o executor_n or_o assign_v alienate_v the_o land_n lease_v to_o another_o that_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o lessor_n or_o his_o heir_n to_o re-enter_v and_o to_o eject_v the_o lessee_n his_o executor_n or_o assign_v and_o not_o long_o after_o the_o lessee_n fall_v sick_a and_o by_o his_o last_o will_n constitute_v his_o wife_n his_o executrix_n and_o die_v the_o wife_n marry_v a_o second_o husband_n who_o alienates_v her_o right_n and_o term_v in_o the_o say_a land_n and_o it_o be_v much_o question_v whether_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lessor_n may_v enter_v in_o regard_n this_o second_o husband_n be_v neither_o executor_n nor_o assignee_n of_o the_o first_o but_o in_o the_o end_n it_o be_v determine_v for_o the_o lessor_n because_o the_o second_o husband_n be_v in_o this_o case_n adjudge_v assignee_n in_o law_n though_o not_o in_o fact_n 5_o fact_n dier_n foe_n 6_o n_z 5_o 27._o if_o a_o lessee_n oblige_v himself_o to_o leave_v house_n in_o repair_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o term_n the_o lessor_n can_v bring_v his_o action_n of_o covenant_n until_o the_o term_n be_v end_v although_o the_o lessee_n shall_v pull_v the_o house_n down_o yet_o he_o may_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n k._n waste_n f._n n._n b._n foe_o 145._o k._n 28._o lessee_n be_v not_o oblige_v against_o a_o great_a force_n or_o against_o tempest_n or_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n unless_o he_o do_v express_o oblige_v himself_o to_o it_o 8._o it_o dr._n &_o stâ—â—_n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o dier_n foe_n 33._o n._n 10_o 11._o foe_n 36._o n_o 35._o foe_n 56._o n._n 14._o 12_o h._n 8._o foe_n 1._o b._n v._o lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o 29._o tenant_n at_o will_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o repararation_n as_o tenant_n for_o year_n u_o but_o if_o he_o commit_v waste_v he_o be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n 10._o trespass_n id_fw-la ib._n dier_n foe_n 90_o n._n 9_o 10._o of_o partner_n or_o fellowship_n tit._n xxvi_o our_o judicious_a lawyer_n be_v very_o frequent_a in_o dispute_v the_o right_n of_o those_o partner_n or_o fellow_n who_o hold_v land_n or_o other_o thing_n pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la and_o these_o they_o call_v either_o partner_n joint-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a 4._o common_a little_a l._n 3._o c._n 2_o 3_o 4._o 1._o partner_n be_v either_o by_o the_o law_n or_o by_o custom_n by_o law_n ib._n law_n term_n v._o parcener_n &_o little_a ib._n &_o two_o or_o more_o woman_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n who_o for_o defect_n of_o heir_n male_n succeed_v by_o equal_a right_n in_o the_o inheritance_n of_o their_o ancestor_n or_o else_o the_o son_n of_o two_o woman_n to_o who_o land_n not_o former_o divide_v by_o their_o mother_n descend_v 2._o descend_v little_a l._n 3._o c._n 1._o and_o 2._o by_o custom_n be_v those_o who_o from_o the_o custom_n of_o divers_a province_n which_o we_o call_v gavell_n kind_n do_v equal_o succeed_v their_o ancestor_n whether_o they_o be_v brother_n or_o for_o default_n of_o they_o sister_n nâ—ices_n or_o aunt_n 2._o joint-tenant_n be_v either_o call_v so_o proper_o or_o improper_o 43._o improper_o instit_fw-la jur._n com._n c._n 15._o dier_n foe_n 67._o n._n 18._o &_o foe_fw-mi 160._o n._n 43._o proper_o be_v those_o who_o hold_v a_o fee_n or_o freehold_n or_o any_o real_a cartel_n by_o force_n of_o the_o same_o title_n pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la improper_o be_v those_o which_o possess_v any_o personal_a chattel_n so_o and_o those_o be_v thus_o join_v either_o by_o their_o own_o will_v sole_o as_o purchase_v the_o premise_n with_o their_o own_o money_n and_o so_o possess_v they_o pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la or_o else_o by_o the_o will_n and_o bounty_n of_o other_o as_o where_o one_o give_v any_o thing_n to_o two_o or_o more_o joint_o 4._o joint_o
absence_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o be_v either_o crand_n or_o petite_fw-fr according_o to_o the_o thing_n take_v grand_fw-fr be_v when_o the_o movable_a that_o be_v steal_v exceed_v the_o value_n of_o twelve_o penny_n petite_fw-fr be_v when_o it_o be_v under_o the_o value_n larc_n value_n westm_n l._n 2._o tit_n indictment_n s._n 58._o spec._n justice_n l._n 1._o c._n larc_n robbery_n be_v when_o it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o person_n or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o owner_n 60._o owner_n west_n ib._n s._n 60._o 3._o every_o theft_n with_o we_o be_v a_o public_a crime_n for_o petite_fw-fr larceny_n though_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a with_o death_n but_o with_o imprisonment_n and_o stripe_n be_v according_a to_o some_o account_v felony_n coron_n felony_n bro._n coron_n though_o other_o be_v of_o contrary_a judgement_n 15._o judgement_n stam._n pl._n coron_n l._n 1._o c._n 15._o wherefore_o we_o shall_v refer_v this_o â—ather_n to_o the_o order_n of_o public_a judgement_n 4._o yet_o we_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o observe_v here_o that_o it_o be_v in_o his_o choice_n who_o lose_v any_o thing_n by_o theft_n whether_o he_o will_v prosecute_v the_o party_n civil_o or_o criminal_o for_o dissemble_v the_o theft_n he_o may_v suppose_v the_o thief_n to_o have_v find_v the_o thing_n by_o accident_n and_o so_o detain_v it_o to_o himself_o and_o so_o recover_v the_o thing_n itself_o or_o its_o value_n 5._o value_n trover_n in_o book_n of_o entr._n brac._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 31._o n._n 2._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 38._o dyer_n fol._n 50._o n._n 5._o but_o of_o criminal_a prosecution_n we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o of_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n tit._n ii_o the_o word_n trespass_n have_v a_o very_a large_a latitude_n and_o comprehend_v every_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n but_o our_o discreet_a lawyer_n call_v only_o private_a crime_n trespass_n and_o make_v distinction_n even_o among_o these_o for_o those_o who_o be_v accompany_v with_o force_n be_v trespass_n more_o proper_o 4._o proper_o f._n n._n b._n 85._o g._n fle._n l._n 4._o c._n 4._o yet_o they_o call_v other_o trespass_n likewise_o from_o the_o species_n of_o a_o unlawful_a act_n though_o not_o violent_a but_o accidental_a or_o to_o use_v their_o own_o word_n suâ—…_n casu_fw-la case_n casu_fw-la f._n n._n b._n foe_n 92._o e._n term_n v._o action_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n whence_o the_o form_n of_o action_n in_o the_o first_o case_n have_v always_o these_o word_n vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o second_o contra_fw-la paâ—…_n but_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v if_o he_o please_v dissemble_v the_o force_n as_o where_o he_o bring_v his_o action_n in_o the_o sheriff_n court_n who_o have_v no_o cognisance_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la and_o though_o he_o feign_v a_o lesser_a trespass_n when_o real_o it_o be_v great_a yet_o he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n and_o this_o seem_v the_o reason_n why_o our_o writer_n do_v so_o often_o confound_v and_o treat_v promiscuous_o of_o these_o trespass_n which_o be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n 92._o nature_n n._n boh_o entry_n tresp_n 85._o trespass_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n 92._o now_o we_o have_v think_v it_o congruous_a enough_o to_o refer_v violent_a trespass_n to_o the_o title_n of_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o two_o follow_a title_n for_o since_o the_o roman_a law_n make_v the_o subject_n of_o these_o trespass_n which_o our_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v only_o into_o two_o head_n if_o threefold_a lest_o it_o not_o seem_v strange_a that_o i_o refer_v some_o case_n which_o beside_o the_o force_n affix_v a_o contumely_n also_o upon_o the_o person_n injure_v to_o a_o three_o title_n 1._o now_o the_o action_n for_o good_n take_v by_o force_n or_o de_fw-fr vi_fw-mi &_o aâ—mâ—s_fw-la lie_v as_o well_o for_o thing_n take_v by_o force_n which_o be_v inanimate_a as_o cat_n plough_n etc._n etc._n as_o thing_n animate_v as_o ox_n sheep_n and_o those_o not_o only_o tame_v but_o wild_a also_o if_o they_o be_v in_o our_o custody_n and_o jurisdiction_n as_o coney_n which_o be_v in_o our_o warren_n k._n warren_n f._n n._n b._n 89._o k._n and_o pigeon_n in_o our_o columbary_n a._n columbary_n id._n 86_o a._n so_o also_o for_o our_o servant_n i._n servant_n id._n 88_o d._n i._n and_o for_o apprentice_n i._o apprentice_n id._n 91._o i._o for_o wife_n draw_v away_o with_o their_o husband_n good_n o._n good_n id._n 89._o o._n for_o the_o steal_v away_o of_o a_o son_n or_o a_o daughter_n who_o be_v a_o heir_n and_o marry_v they_o with_o any_o one_o without_o our_o consent_n h._n consent_n id._n 90._o h._n for_o quantity_n as_o many_o m._n many_o id._n 87._o m._n for_o good_n of_o felon_n take_v out_o of_o our_o liberty_n f._n liberty_n id._n 91._o f._n for_o weif_n and_o stray_v drive_v or_o carry_v out_o of_o our_o fe_n wrong_n fe_n id._n 91._o b._n new_a â—oo_o entr._n trespass_n bro._n tresp_n fulb._n wrong_n 2._o and_o this_o action_n be_v give_v for_o the_o repair_n the_o loss_n lustain_v &_o that_o not_o only_o against_o the_o party_n that_o do_v it_o but_o against_o those_o that_o command_v the_o do_v of_o it_o as_o in_o every_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n 9_o case_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o but_o not_o against_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o trespassor_n 10._o trespassor_n id._n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o nor_o his_o heir_n 4._o heir_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 4._o because_o it_o be_v personal_a and_o penal_a of_o the_o aquilian_a law_n tit._n iii_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n be_v that_o which_o either_o bring_v damage_n to_o the_o person_n injure_v or_o disgrace_n and_o contumely_n with_o the_o damage_n and_o this_o the_o civilian_n comprehend_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o aquilian_a law_n be_v cause_n cain_n aquilius_n be_v the_o author_n be_v tribune_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o popular_a law_n by_o which_o these_o trespass_n be_v punish_v though_o they_o refer_v this_o to_o the_o title_n of_o injury_n 1._o now_o he_o who_o damnify_v the_o estate_n of_o condition_n of_o another_o commit_v a_o trespass_n upon_o the_o case_n as_o for_o example_n where_o a_o sheriff_n by_o a_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o take_v a_o debtor_n and_o afterward_o let_v he_o escape_v c._n escape_v f._n n._n b._n foe_o 93._o a._n c._n or_o upon_o his_o return_n make_v false_a information_n to_o the_o court_n that_o the_o party_n have_v no_o land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o his_o bailiwick_n whereby_o he_o may_v be_v distrain_v and_o so_o become_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o take_n of_o his_o body_n b._n body_n id._n ib_o b._n so_o also_o he_o who_o fix_v stake_n in_o any_o water_n whereby_o another_o ship_n or_o vessel_n lade_v with_o corn_n or_o other_o merchandise_n be_v overturn_v f_o overturn_v id._n 92_o f_o moreover_o a_o attorney_n or_o counsellor_n at_o law_n who_o through_o ignorance_n or_o deceit_n joose_v his_o client_n cause_n attorney_n cause_n bo_o entr._n action_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n in_o attorney_n a_o barber_n who_o shave_v another_o beard_n ill_a or_o with_o a_o foul_a raisor_n barber_n raisor_n id_fw-la in_o barber_n a_o physician_n or_o chirurgeon_n who_o either_o ignorant_o or_o malicious_o handle_v a_o sick_a or_o wound_a person_n phisi_fw-la person_n id._n in_o phisi_fw-la a_o gaoler_n who_o use_v a_o prisoner_n more_o hardly_o than_o he_o ought_v 93._o ought_v f._n n._n b._n 93._o he_o who_o distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o another_o plough_n where_o he_o may_v make_v other_o reasonable_a distress_n 86._o distress_n dier_n foe_fw-mi 312._o n._n 86._o or_o he_o who_o have_v just_o take_v another_o cattell_o by_o distress_n do_v not_o carry_v they_o to_o a_o open_a pound_n but_o to_o a_o place_n unknown_a the_o rectory_n of_o a_o church_n a_o fortress_n or_o into_o another_o county_n that_o they_o can_v be_v redeem_v or_o replevine_v by_o their_o owner_n 73._o owner_n f._n n._n b._n in_o the_o writ_n of_o repleg_n averâ—_n foe_o 68_o and_o the_o writ_n vetito_fw-la nannio_fw-la 73._o he_o who_o intervert_v the_o course_n of_o a_o river_n which_o shall_v drive_v a_o mill_n 38._o mill_n dier_n 248._o n._n 80._o and_o foe_fw-mi 320._o n._n 38._o a_o lessee_n or_o freeholder_n who_o commit_v waste_v 10._o waste_v id._n foe_o 36._o n._n 38._o and_o foe_fw-mi 256._o n._n 10._o but_o this_o be_v special_a in_o regard_n that_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o forfeit_v the_o thing_n waste_v 5._o waste_v 6_o e._n 1._o c._n 5._o but_o in_o regard_n the_o species_n which_o may_v be_v refer_v hither_o be_v infinite_a i_o shall_v rather_o remit_v you_o to_o those_o who_o be_v more_o large_a as_o treat_v express_o upon_o this_o subject_n then_o trouble_v you_o with_o too_o great_a a_o glut_n and_o multitude_n of_o example_n 40._o example_n boo._n entr._n 10._o action_n sur_fw-fr
stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 84._o stamf._n plea_n l._n 2._o c._n 63._o but_o in_o case_n of_o a_o appeal_v he_o may_v make_v use_n of_o other_o for_o his_o defence_n and_o if_o he_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o through_o want_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o procure_v counsel_n the_o judge_n ought_v upon_o his_o request_n to_o assign_v he_o a_o patron_n to_o plead_v for_o he_o ib._n he_o dr._n stu._n ib._n 5._o as_o for_o the_o sum_n in_o which_o any_o one_o suppose_v himself_o to_o be_v prejudice_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o trespass_n commit_v against_o he_o the_o justice_n do_v proportion_n it_o either_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o own_o office_n 1._o office_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 1._o for_o they_o do_v after_o that_o the_o cost_n be_v tax_v by_o a_o jury_n augment_v they_o upon_o cause_n show_v 6._o if_o the_o juror_n be_v swear_v upon_o their_o go_v together_o can_v agree_v upon_o their_o verdict_n so_o that_o there_o be_v any_o danger_n that_o they_o may_v perish_v through_o hunger_n because_o the_o common_a law_n prohibit_v they_o from_o eat_v and_o drink_v without_o the_o judge_n leave_v until_o they_o be_v agree_v together_o upon_o their_o verdict_n when_o any_o such_o danger_n appear_v the_o judge_n may_v permit_v they_o to_o eat_v and_o drink_v and_o remit_v they_o again_o to_o consult_v and_o if_o at_o length_n they_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v he_o may_v have_v amerce_v they_o discharge_v they_o and_o appoint_v other_o in_o their_o stead_n 52._o stead_n dr._n stu._n l_o 2._o c._n 52._o 7._o we_o have_v before_o mention_v and_o declare_v that_o that_o action_n which_o be_v call_v noxâ—lis_fw-la actio_fw-la be_v whole_o unknown_a to_o we_o book_n we_o tit._n 8._o of_o this_o book_n since_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o judge_n to_o appeal_v to_o in_o this_o case_n we_o need_v not_o trouble_v ourselves_o with_o observation_n concern_v it_o 8._o if_o in_o a_o real_a action_n judgement_n shalâ—…_n pass_v for_o the_o tenant_n the_o demandant_n shalâ—…_n only_o be_v adjudge_v to_o pay_v cost_n of_o suit_n but_o iâ—…_n it_o pass_v for_o the_o demandant_n the_o judge_n shalâ—…_n condemn_v he_o to_o pay_v damage_n and_o cost_v oâ—…_n suit_n and_o shall_v command_v the_o sheriff_n register_n sheriff_n scire_fw-la facias_fw-la f._n n._n b._n in_o the_o index_n throughout_o and_o in_o the_o register_n or_o in_o case_n it_o touch_v any_o benefice_n than_o the_o ordinary_a 38._o ordinary_a f._n n._n b._n 38._o to_o put_v the_o demandant_n into_o possession_n which_o the_o sheriff_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v without_o delay_n and_o this_o be_v true_a whether_o the_o demandant_n sue_v as_o heir_n or_o otherwise_o and_o whether_o the_o tenant_n be_v a_o intruder_n or_o not_o for_o if_o he_o be_v a_o disseisor_n or_o forceable_a intruder_n he_o be_v worthy_a rather_o of_o punishment_n than_o favour_n but_o if_o he_o be_v not_o than_o the_o jury_n lie_v little_a or_o no_o damage_n upon_o he_o 5._o he_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 3._o &_o 5._o 9_o a_o action_n be_v chief_o in_o case_n of_o movable_n but_o as_o concern_v movable_n we_o never_o sue_v for_o they_o in_o specie_fw-la as_o i_o say_v before_o but_o only_o propose_v the_o value_n and_o have_v prove_v the_o thing_n in_o action_n to_o be_v we_o and_o the_o value_n so_o much_o we_o recover_v either_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o the_o value_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o the_o defendant_n can_v be_v compel_v by_o our_o law_n to_o restore_v the_o thing_n in_o action_n yet_o in_o the_o case_n of_o land_n or_o a_o incorporeal_a right_n the_o demandant_n or_o tenant_n may_v require_v the_o view_n of_o the_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v out_o of_o necessity_n and_o not_o to_o protract_v in_o which_o case_n the_o judge_n command_v the_o sheriff_n that_o at_o a_o day_n assiign_v he_o cause_v a_o view_n to_o be_v take_v by_o such_o viewer_n or_o surveyor_n as_o may_v certify_v the_o court_n at_o another_o day_n touch_v the_o quantity_n 10._o that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v judicium_fw-la familiae_fw-la eriscundae_fw-la we_o term_v partition_n of_o a_o inheritance_n but_o whereas_o they_o divide_v as_o well_o movable_n as_o immovables_n among_o heir_n we_o only_o make_v partition_n of_o immovables_n among_o those_o who_o either_o the_o common_a law_n or_o the_o custom_n of_o any_o place_n entitle_v to_o a_o equal_a part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n 2._o inheritance_n lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 1_o 2._o now_o this_o partition_n be_v make_v either_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o magistrate_n that_o which_o be_v by_o consent_n may_v either_o be_v so_o make_v that_o the_o estate_n be_v divide_v into_o equal_a part_n the_o elder_a shall_v have_v the_o first_o choice_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n in_o their_o order_n or_o else_o by_o lot_n partition_n lot_n id._n ib._n term_n of_o the_o law_n v._o partition_n the_o form_n of_o that_o which_o be_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o magistrate_n we_o find_v describe_v at_o large_a by_o bracton_n and_o littleton_n ib._n littleton_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 33_o 34._o lit._n ib._n in_o which_o this_o be_v last_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v assign_v to_o one_o in_o one_o place_n over_o and_o above_o their_o due_n shall_v be_v recompense_v to_o the_o other_o in_o another_o place_n 8._o place_n brac._n c._n 33._o n._n 8._o 11._o those_o who_o hold_v joint_o whether_o they_o be_v joynt-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v be_v force_v by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o make_v partition_n yet_o this_o be_v change_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n 32._o parliament_n 31._o h._n 8._o c._n 1_o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 32._o wherefore_o at_o this_o day_n if_o partition_n be_v make_v among_o these_o the_o same_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o we_o mention_v in_o case_n of_o coheir_n 9_o coheir_n see_v this_o title_n sect._n 9_o 12._o where_o either_o or_o any_o of_o those_o who_o fee_n or_o villiage_n border_n upon_o each_o other_o desire_v to_o make_v distinction_n of_o their_o bound_n they_o may_v have_v a_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n that_o he_o shall_v determine_v and_o bound_v their_o limit_n equal_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o jury_n of_o 12._o man_n the_o most_o discreet_a of_o the_o vicinage_n swear_v for_o this_o purpose_n 134._o purpose_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 134._o which_o partition_n he_o shall_v certify_v under_o his_o own_o seal_n &_o the_o seal_n of_o four_o knight_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o business_n at_o a_o certain_a day_n assign_v and_o if_o either_o be_v unwilling_a to_o have_v their_o bound_n limit_v as_o be_v the_o party_n who_o happy_o do_v commit_v the_o injury_n the_o other_o may_v obtain_v a_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o require_v he_o to_o set_v equal_a bound_n and_o limit_n 128._o limit_n term_n of_o the_o law_n v._o perambulation_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 128._o 13._o now_o whatsoever_o shall_v be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n or_o the_o justice_n upon_o such_o certificate_n to_o each_o that_o shall_v immediate_o become_v they_o to_o who_o it_o be_v adjudge_v 1_o adjudge_v lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 1_o of_o public_a judgement_n tit._n xviii_o as_o for_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v inflict_v upon_o malefactor_n some_o extend_v to_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n some_o of_o a_o member_n other_o of_o city_n burrough_n or_o province_n some_o to_o perpetual_a banishment_n or_o for_o a_o time_n some_o to_o the_o restrain_v the_o body_n as_o by_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n or_o imprisonment_n for_o a_o time_n some_o to_o beat_v whip_a or_o the_o pillory_n some_o also_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o dignity_n and_o order_n or_o to_o a_o privation_n or_o prohibition_n of_o any_o thing_n 16._o thing_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 6._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 16._o 1._o among_o these_o that_o be_v reckon_v chief_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o heinousnesse_n 124._o heinousnesse_n coo._n l._n 4._o beverleys_n case_n 124._o which_o we_o call_v treason_n now_o treason_n 21._o treason_n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 21._o be_v either_o high_a or_o petite_fw-fr high_a treason_n be_v that_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la and_o this_o before_o the_o alteration_n of_o our_o government_n be_v dierse_a way_n commit_v as_o by_o kill_v or_o imagine_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n the_o queen_n or_o their_o son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a by_o ravish_v majeste_fw-fr ravish_v spec._n just_o l._n 1._o c._n deal_v peche_n de_fw-fr majeste_fw-fr the_o wife_n or_o elder_a daughter_n of_o the_o king_n if_o she_o be_v unmarried_a or_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o king_n son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a by_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n within_o his_o kingdom_n 56._o kingdom_n dyer_n