them at Pamiers And of the part of the Albigenses were defendants Theodore before Canon of Neuers Baldwin and Bernard of Simorre and others But their aduersaries hide from vs here the points in controuersie in these conferences If they had beene Manichees Gnostickes Cathares Montanistes Adamites as they would make men beleeue they were no doubt they would not haue omitted them But when these conferences did little satisfie the Lords and that the people were nothing moued at the preaching of Dominicus whom the Pope hauing beene as he sayd warned in a dreame had chosen to vphold his Palace of Lateran that otherwise was readie to fall to ruine he hath recourse to other counsels which these fore-proceedings did but colour for forme sake He therefore excommunicateth Earle Raymund whose authoritie was chiefest exposeth his Countrie for a prey dischargeth and absolueth all men that were bound vnto him by necessitie league or other couenant from that bond and from their oath of fidelitie and that by Apostolike authoritie affirming that to him that had not kept his faith with God faith ought not to be kept and also giueth leaue to all men to attempt against his person and against all the Albigenses no lesse than against the Saracens largely promising them the like indulgences Insomuch also that the mony that had beene appointed for the holie warre is turned to the slaughter of Christians The crosse which in times past was at least in pretence assumed against the infidels is now taken vp for to crucifie Christ in his members by a new and horrible example So that such was the furie or ignorance of that age he incited many Princes Lords and Prelats to assemble themselues on all parts to set vpon them who might better cheape and easier expiate their vices with the dammage of this people than by fighting against the Saracens in the holie land At their comming with the fright of this deluge Earle Raymund is astonished and promiseth obedience to the Church of Rome But marke here the manner Almarick the Popes Legat Generall of this armie draggeth him into the Church by a stole cast about his necke and with scourgings From thence the countries are laid wast Townes are sacked and all places filled with slaughters fire and ruine neuerthelesse the Albigenses courage fayled not vtterly but many times renewed the warre Earle Raymund also after this so great disgrace finding himselfe no gentlier vsed by the Pope taketh armes again with them assisted with the Earles of Foix and of Comminges till such time as there comming new supplies from all parts of Bishops and Lords of Fraunce into the Popes armie signed with crosses Earle Raymund is constrained to withdraw himselfe into Arragon and the Albigenses forced to forsake the champian Countrie and flie vnto the mountains and some vnwarlike families to seeke new countries to inhabit Meane time it is here to be noted that although this warre was made in Fraunce yet King Philip Augustus was not the head thereof but the Pope and his Legat who made it his owne conquest that was woon in this warre The King onely suffered his subjects to enrol themselues for the Popes wars and the Lords of the Kingdome to lead troupes of souldiers thither An. 1215. For in the yeare 1215 Peter Beneuent the Popes Legat in a Synod holden at Monpellier in the name of Innocent appointeth Simon Earle of Montfort Prince and Lord of his conquest others say Gardian vntill the Councell of Lateran should more fully determine of it The Albigeois Historie also noteth that Lewis the Kings eldest sonne comming at that time into the armie the Legat was not well pleased at it fearing least he would dispose of the Land by right of war gotten to the Pope which the Soueraigne Lord himselfe had so long time abandoned to the poyson of heresie Therefore in the Councell of Lateran the Pope pronounceth Simon Earle Montfort Lord of all that had beene Raymunds yet on condition that hee should doe homage for it to the King which also the King admitteth But presently after all the Townes from Auignon to Thoulouse reuolted from Simon to Raymund his sonne and by this means the hearts of the Albigenses were restored So that new worke is made the war reuiued againe Bishops and crossed souldiers sent for from all parts and whilest they lost in one place and gained victorie in another the Earle of Montfort hauing nine moneths besieged the citie of Thoulouse in a sallie receiued a blow with a stone whereof the same day he dyed so that the citie was deliuered from siege and the Albigenses got the vpperhand This Simon de Montfort was indeed a man of courage and a great captaine but particularly noted of ignorance which perpetuall enemie of truth wee haue also found in our dayes so as they onely haue persecuted it as neuer had nor would haue the care to search after it And thus much brieflly out of the Albigenses historie of Peter des Vallees and out of the Chronicle of Montfort it selfe In the meane season whether it were by reason of the dispersion of the Waldenses or for that in other Prouinces God had made the truth knowne at the same time in diuers places the like sermons were heard and by consequence had the like persecutions Chronic. Hirsaug Naucler 2. vol. Gener. 41. For Trithemius and others both before and after him recite That in the citie of Strasbourge for the same were burned to the number of fourescore and in the countrey about it were slaine an hundred in one day Nauclerus saith That in Italie this doctrine which he calleth heresie wonderfully increased as well among the Nobilitie as the common people and that euery yere they sent to Milan some collection for the maintenance of their Teachers Bruschius saith That at Mentz were burned nine and thirtie And from this time forth nothing is more frequent these ashes hauing beene as it were by the breath of Gods spirit strewed into all the corners of Europe and yet this cannot be ascribed to any conniuence Trithem in Chron. Hirsaug Godofrid Monach in Annalibus or tolleration of it For Trithemius and the Monke Godfrey telleth vs plainely That Conrade of Marpurg an Apostolike Inquisitor was wâ—nt to proue these men attainted of heresie if they denied it Iudicio ferri candentis By touching of red hot yrons and those whom the yron burned hee deliuered ouer to the secular power as heretikes to be burned So all a few excepted that were once accused brought to this triall were condemned to the fire Some beleeued that he had condemned many innocents because the hot yron found not any free from sinne though not infected with any spot of heresie And a few pages after he addeth In this time many noble and ignoble Clergie men Monkes Nunnes Burgesses citizens and countrey people in diuers places of Germanie were vnder the name of heresie condemned to the fire by a sentence as some thought too
Iohn Bishop of Arezzo the Legats of Pope Iohn and Ansegisus of Sienna by the authoritie Apostolike and his owne ordinance Thus they began contrarie to the auncient custome to joyne the Emperour and the Pope together In this Synod Charles by vertue of a Decretall Epistle of Iohn went about to constitute and appoint Ansegisus Primat with this authoritie which followeth That so often as the profit of the Church should require whether for the calling of a Synod or for the dispatch of other Ecclesiasticall affaires in France and Germanie he should present the Popes person and should acquaint the Bishops with the decrees of the See Apostolike and should report vnto the Pope what had beene done or not by vertue of them and vpon great and important causes should consult the said See Our Bishops requested that since the letter was directed vnto them they might haue a sight of it which the Emperour refused to graunt being such perhaps as he was ashamed to shew it he vrged them only to say what answere they made to these Apostolike commaunds and their answere was That they willingly obeyed thereunto prouided that no Metropolitan be thereby preiudiced in his rights contrarie to the Canons and the decrees of the Popes themselues aunciently pronounced according to the Canons And though the Emperour and the other Legats pressed them verie earnestly for the primacie of Ansegisus yet could they get no other answer from them only one Frotharius Bishop of Bordeaux who had skipt from Bordeaux to Poictiers and from Poictiers to Bourges through the meere fauour of the Prince made such answer as he thought would best please the Emperour who much offended with the answer of the others said That the Pope had committed his place in the Synod vnto him and that he would make them vaile bonnet to him And thereupon taking the Popes Epistle folded vp as it was together with the Legats deliuered it to Ansegisus and presently caused a rich chaire to be set before all the Bishops on this side the Mounts next vnto Iohn of Tuscanie which sat next aboue him on the right hand and bad him sit there aboue the other Bishops though his ancients the Archbishop of Rheims protesting openly that this was contrarie to the Canons But the Emperour persisted in his purpose and when the Bishops a second time requested a sight or a copie of the Epistle they could not obtaine it Our Bishops not long after met againe without the Emperour where were great debates betweene them because of certaine Priests who out of sundrie parishes had recourse to the Popes Legats and so this meeting broke vp likewise A third time also they assembled in the same place whither the Emperor sent vnto them the Popes Legats newly come ouer which brought from the Pope vnto the Emperour a scepter and a staffe of gold and to the Empresse gownes and bracelets all set with pearle These when they came rebuked the Bishops for not appearing the day before but they holding them alwaies to the Canons in their answeres made them giue off hot words yet the Legats still vrged them to accept of Ansegisus for their Primat they answered in generall termes That they would obey the Popes decrees as their predecessors had done the decrees of his predecessors So that the Emperour came thither in person and in great state clothed after the Greeke fashion with a crowne vpon his head accompanied with the Legats all attired after the Romane fashion and there made Iohn Bishop of Arezzo openly to read Quandam scedulam ratione authoritate carentem A certaine paper without authoritie or reason which done there were certaine Articles dictated and set downe in writing without consent of the Synod each crossing the other of them without profit reason or warrantie and therefore saith the Author we haue thought fit to omit them and at last after manie complaints as well of the Emperour as of the Legats concerning the Primacie of Ansegisus he went away hauing done as much at the end of the Synod as he had at the beginning So much was this Prince ouertaken with this fatall Cup more dangerous to him than was that other of Sedechias of which he died so obdurate was he against his owne good hauing his eyes dazeled with vaine shewes and colourable illusions for the present on the contrarie so cleare-sighted were our Bishops of France in these affaires descrying a farre off how great a ruine would one day ensue of this small-seeming breach made vpon the liberties of their Church 35. PROGRESSION That Pope Iohn was the first which graunted Indulgences for the dead AFter the death of Charles An. 878. the Earles of Tusculana got the vpper hand in Rome and in the yeare 878 clapt Pope Iohn vp in prison for excommunicating them but Iohn by the helpe of his faction found meanes to escape and came by sea into Prouence whence he was conducted to Lewis surnamed the Stammerer sonne to Charles the Bald who then lay at Troy Balbus where he assembled a Synod of French Bishops and made them to confirme and ratifie the excommunication which he had hurled out before against his enemies and there also was Formosus in person depriued of all Church dignities and oath taken of him neuer to returne to Rome or to his Bishopricke but aboue all they two bound themselues the Emperour to assist the Pope against his opposites the Pope to crowne him Emperour which he did in Fraunce with great solemnitie and so they parted Iohn at his returne found the Sarasens at Rome gates and shortly after had tidings of Lewis his death so that now he was faine to cast about againe and to take a new course which was to cast the Empire vpon Charles the Grosse King of Germanie who was the first that entred Italie with his armie and this was the third whom he had crowned Emperour vpon promise That he should protect the Church from all her enemies especially from the Sarasens but vnder the generalitie of enemies were principally comprehended the Earles of Tusculana And not long after in the yeare 882 died Pope Iohn An. 882. who besides that which hath beene alreadie said left other goodlie examples behind him for we learne by a certaine Epistle of his to Charles the Grosse Iohan. epist 9. That he adopted for his sonne Prince Bason to ease him of his worldlie cares that he might the more freely attend vpon the seruice of God Whereas S. Peter in the execution of his charge neuer needed a Prince for his coadjutor much lesse a swaggering captaine Also he was the first that euer presumed to graunt Indulgences to those which were alreadie dead or hereafter should die in battaile against Painims and Infidels his words are these Being demaunded by our Bishops of Fraunce Whether those which were alreadie or hereafter should die in defence of the Church might haue indulgence and pardon of their sinnes Iohan. ep 144. we
Orders to Clergie men consequently for Clergie men to put their function to sale to the Laitie and therefore a question was made Whether such as were initiated by a Simoniacall Bishop should hold their Orders It was decreed That if a Clerk when he was initiated knew the Bishop of whom he tooke Orders to be Simoniacall he should doe penance for fortie dayes and so the sinne should be expiat and he continue in his Orders otherwise he must take his Orders againe And to pacifie those tumults that were risen amongst them by reason of the bad obseruation of that law which made the nomination of the Pope without the authoritie of the Emperor of no force it was decreed againe Petrus Damianus in lib Gratissimus Platina Onuphr in Clement 2. That all auncient honours should be restored to the Emperour Henrie and he should still continue a Patritius and dispose of the Church of Rome at his pleasure and that it should neuer hereafter be lawfull to create a Pope of Rome without his authoritie The Author is Petrus Daemianus Bishop of Ostia By this meanes Henrie seemed to haue restored all things to their auncient order who neuerthelesse was hardly returned into Germanie but the Disciples of Benedict the ninth Gerardus Brazutus and Hildebrand poysoned Clement so that he had not continued in all aboue six monethes but they thrust Benedict into the seat But yet neuerthelesse the Emperour taking stil hold of his priuiledge ordained for Pope Poppo Bishop of Brixen who was afterward called Damasus the second who likewise not without the industrie of the same men continued in the See but three twentie dayes in place of whom he named againe by the same right Brunus Bishop of Toul who was called Leo the ninth For the Romans as it is likely being wearied with those factions that arose about the election of the Popes for the space of two hundred yeares wherein the most factious commonly preuailed perceiued that had not the Emperours interposed their authoritie which neuerthelesse they endured with much impatiencie they could neuer haue obtained peace Neither must we forget that which Cardinal Benno noteth That Gerardus Brazutus a familiar friend of Benedict the ninth by his slie and subtile familiaritie in the space of thirteene yeares killed six Popes of Rome that is Clement Damasus Leo Victor Stephen by poyson Benedict the tenth by fraud and violence Baron vol. 11. an 1002. art 5. 6. Here what will Baronius say and what judgement will he giue of all these times Truely hauing in the whole precedent volume proclaimed for execrable monsters all those Popes that had held the See for a hundred yeares before at the last he pronounceth sentence against the race of the Emperours Othoes That in the person of Otho the third by the just judgement of God that race ended being poysoned by the wife of Crescentius because like Osias they durst to put their hands to the Arke though it were to vphold it and to adde their authoritie though it were with good zeale to remoue those monsters and to place others in their seats Are monsters then by the Canon law in Baronius countrey suffered to liue or must we stay and attend till they of their owne accord remoue and displace themselues Emperours yea and Christian Kings are they not bound as sometimes Ezechias Iosias and others were to repaire the Temple of God and to reforme the Church And to betray the Church of Christ vnto Antichrist to leaue it as a prey to the enemie needed there any other thing In this interim therefore which containeth about fiftie yeres were there in his owne judgement any that were more honest or more tollerable than others Let vs heare what he saith of Iohn whom he calls the twentieth the brother of that execrable Benedict whome for his wickednesse he placeth in the bottome of Purgatorie Idem vol. eodem an 1024. art 3. 4. Vnworthie as he was saith he he vnworthily and tyrannically occupied the place and by ill meanes ascended vnto it And again The secular power that is to say the Marquesses of Tuscane Glaber l. 4. c. 1. 2. 3. Ideman 1027. art 13. 14. an 1032. art 2. 3. hath brought forth monsters vnto vs. This monster neuerthelesse by his owne testimonie put S. Romwald into the Canon of Saints pronounced S. Martial an Apostle and that by an expresse decree in fauour of those of Limoges Benedict the ninth succeeded this Iohn But what saith Baronius The Earle Albericke had of his familie two Popes who were brothers Benedict and Iohn and hardly he could endure that the Papall dignitie should be transferred to any other and therefore he thrust in his sonne a child of ten yeares of age by gifts who againe by the testimonie of Baronius himselfe proued a tyran and the shame and monster of the Church For to omit other things what could be more monstrous than an infant of ten yeares of age to be the vniuersall Pope and Father of Fathers And yet if any man speake against it he is angrie and growes furious yea he makes profit of this shame Baron an 1031. and glories therein and by this intrusion which he confesseth he defends his right You see saith he how great the authoritie of the Church of Rome then was for though he were a child and an intruder too yet he was acknowledged by the whole Church for Pope in so much that the Archbishops of Hamburge receiued the Pall of him neither was there any thing that belonged to the Papall function which he did not vndergoe Dares he then to maintaine the Orders of an infant who himselfe was capable of no Order He was himselfe a simoniacal person created by gifts and it was his maner by all sorts of simonie to create others as Petrus Damianus Bishop of Ostia and one of the Popes chiefe champions describeth him vnto vs O wickednesse O prodigious monster saith he is Peter himselfe enforced to pay for the forestalments of Simon Magus out of his owne store who was knowne with an euerlasting curse to condemne Simon with all his marchandise And againe in his verses What pitie is it that the Apostolike See sometimes the glorie of the world should now out and alas be made the shop of Simon Thy hammers beat the anuill and thy money is the money of hell And yet this Benedict sat in the chaire about twelue yeares so that the greatest age he arriued vnto was but two and twentie yeares Now these people that boast so much of their successions vocations with what face can they defend the missions of this man Neither were those of Siluester the third any better who by the faction of Ptolomie a Consull of Rome interrupted the See of Iohn of whom saith Baronius Baron an 1044 art 2. This man was Bishop of the Sabines who also malis artibus by bad meanes that is by money made himselfe way to the Papacie
without their owne will and allowance any Legat of the Church of Rome By the speciall grace and fauour of this priuiledge giuing all to vnderstand how burthensome and dangerous the presence of a Legat was In so much that what was to be done by a Legat his meaning was should be executed by the sayd Roger and his son Legati vice instead of a Legat And if there shall be called any generall Councell it shall be lawfull for them to send such and so many Bishops as they shall thinke fitting retaining the rest for the seruice of their Churches Thus this good and zealous man ouerthrew the whole order of his Church to content Roger who knew well ynough to vse the occasion to the best aduantage of his owne affaires 42. PROGRESSION Of the entrance of Paschal the second into the Popedome Of the conspiracies procured by the Pope against the Emperour with the rebellion of his son Henrie Of the treacherous deposing of the Emperour and of the miserable estate he fell into and of his sonnes most vnnaturall dealing with him THe Agewe are now entring into hath his Progression whether we respect the authoritie or wickednesse of the Popes which together made way one to the other But by how much the more they discouer themselues by so much the more witnesses do they exhibit vnto vs who saw this Mysterie of Iniquitie either openly or at least through a cloud Vrban the second being dead in the yere 1099 An. 1099. Rainerius a Thuscan succeeded him who was Paschal the second a disciple of Hildebrand commended by Vrban for this onely cause That he was a likelie man to walke in his steps The principall matter then in hand was the inuestiture of the Bishops and Abbots which they tooke from the Princes and got to themselues affirming that it had beene vsurped by the Princes as we haue seene before that it was a wickednesse and an heresie and that they might pretend some shew of religion therein they couple it in all their proceedings with that faction of the Nicholites prosecuting with the selfesame rigour the single life of Church-men notwithstanding the generall clamor of the whole Clergie against it and that crie of their sins and abhominable wickednesse that ascended vp vnto heauen This Rainerius therefore would not take vpon him the Popedome before the people had thrise cried out Platina in Paschali 2. S. Peter hath chosen Rainerius an excellent man to be Pope Afterwards putting on his scarlet robe and his mitre on his head being accompanied with the people and Clergie he mounted vpon a white Palfrey richly furnished and so was brought to Lateran where resting himselfe a while in a throne prepared for that purpose he was girt with a girdle on which there hung 7 keyes and seuen seales to giue all men to vnderstand that he according to the seuenfold grace of the spirit of God had power in all Churches ouer which he bare rule to open and shut to seale and vnseale He likewise visited carrying his pontificall Scepter in his hand all those places into which the Popes only might come At the last he went to S. Peters Church to be consecrated in which he was annointed by the Bishop of Ostia and others Neither was this new preparation without a mysterie Clement the third in the meane time persisted in his purpose against whom Paschal first bent his forces insomuch that hee compelled him to depart Rome which that he might the more easily performe he fed the Emperour with a hope of peace and inuited him to a generall Councell at Lateran whereunto he willingly harkened being now wearied with his ciuile and domesticall molestations The Prince persuading himselfe that Paschal was desirous of peace and much alienated from warre or rather because hee sayd hee desired peace he striued to be as forward therein as himselfe But he had no sooner obtained his purpose but he reneweth in the Synod the excommunication against Henrie raiseth new factions in Germanie and because he went not in his owne person to Palestina he stirreth vp new hatreds against him for he who in regard of the place he held should haue beene the first and by his example haue incouraged others left the place emptie that he might doe euerie thing according to his owne lust To be briefe following the steps of his predecessours he stirreth vp Henrie the sonne against his father who had made him copartner in the Empire being persuaded as before that he should neuer liue peaceably without the grace and fauour of the Pope and that he was not to preferre his dutie towards his father beeing guiltie of heresie before that which hee did owe vnto the Pope Auentin l. 2. And what this heresie was we haue seene before And therefore saith Auentine Henrie hauing spent his winter came to Mence that from thence he might take his iourney to Rome and so into Asia leauing his sonne at Bauiers but he in the meane time persuaded by certain Lords c. amongst others he nameth Welfo Duke of Bauaria and husband to Mathilda and Albert his Secretarie and a Chaplaine of his that if his father should die an enemie to the Popes of Rome and in disgrace with the Pope the Empire would be taken by some other and so vnder a pretence of pietie he rebelleth against his owne father And as touching the accusation against him That he did not his best indeauor for this holie expedition he told vs a little before that he had sent into Asia with a purpose to follow himselfe the greatest part of his men of warre that remayned in Germanie after three and twentie yeares ciuile warres and that by his commaund there went out of the Low-countries Godfrey of Bullion with his two brethren Baldwinus and Eustachius and Robert Earle of Flaunders out of Bauaria the Duke Welfo Otho and Eckardus Princes of Scheurn and diuers others whereby it appeared that this was onely a pretence of the Pope The father in the meane time gathered courage giues his sonne battell and conquers him but looking more narrowly into the height of this conspiracie and finding that it could not be represt but with the ruine of the commonwealth he is content to seeke meanes of peace and a parley being appointed betwixt him and his sonne he simply dismist his forces the conspirators commaunding all theirs to retire themselues to Mence The place which was chosen for this parley was Binga where the Emperor being the fourth that entred the citie was no sooner in but the gates were shut his friends kept out of the city His enemies were appointed to be his Gard his son as if he had done an act worthie commendations triumphantly speeds himself to the conspirators at Mence where he found the Legats of Paschal the Bishops of Alba and Constance with fiftie other Bishops who in this Councell armed with force and treason doe againe excommunicat Henrie and for the better strengthening of this
words We seuerely prohibit this error Matth. Paris in Henrico 3. and excommunicat the maintainers and defenders thereof as men saith our Author that dare touch the holie hill to be oppressed with Gods glorie and that rashly endeuour to search out the inscrutable secrets of God and are presumptuously inquisitiue into the iudgements of God which are like bottomelesse depthes Afterwards the Author also noteth in diuers places how they laboured as much as in them lay to ouerthrow the Parisian Academie to whose lawes and statutes they would in no wise be subiect since they were made Confessors and Counsellors to kings The students therfore were constrained to contribute and make a collection euerie one according to his meanes to send to Rome and euerie ones weekes allowance was cut shorter But they found the Pope aduerse to their proiects as also the Cardinals of the same stampe who in the behalfe of the Mendicants augmented the number of Diuinitie Doctors that so they might be brought in by meanes of which schisme the Vniuersitie was in great danger of a dissipation What was the effect and issue of all these turbulencies will afterwards more manifestly appeare Concerning the Waldenses they did so spread abroad both in France and Germanie that throughout the course of all histories we may as it were discerne their prints and footsteps And also in Lombardie where Petrus Veronensis a Dominican vsed all rigour of Inquisition against those who were called Credentes Beleeuers indicting vpon them all kind of seuere punishment when seising on some of the principall he was found slaine in the territories of Mylan One Carinus was apprehended for this slaughter who notwithstanding the tenth day after was dismissed by the Pretor as guiltlesse and Petrus Veronensis least others should bee discouraged canonized by the Pope for a Saint But we must not omit to mention how Innocent though he imployed much labour and studie to this end and in authorizing his Decretals nor any of his successors could euer effect that the French Churches would be subiect to them As concerning the Canons they rested in the auncient collection of them which commonly is called Corpus Canonum and for the Epistles of the Popes they approued of none but til Gregorie the seconds time that is to say before Boniface Archbishop of Magunce infringed the libertie of the French Synods about the yeare 742 which was so sound and good law Johannes Andreas in Prologū l. 1. Nichol. 1. ad Episc in Gallia constitutos in Epist Bonifacij l. 3. Epist 42. that Iohn Andreas a famous Ciuilian testifies in his Prologue vpon the Decretals That whosoeuer cited any thing not conceiued within this bodie of the Canons he was to be esteemed a criminall of false testimonie The which is farre from that opinion which Pope Nicholas the first held in the nineteenth distinction aboue by vs mentioned 53. PROGRESSION Alexander the fourth succeeds Innocent He treats with Richard Earle of Cornwall and with the king of England for his sonne Edmonds inuestiture in the kingdomes of Apulia and Sicilie Conradinus pretended Emperour and Frederick Duke of Austria not much differing in yeares are both beheaded in the market place of Naples A duell appointed betweene Peter king of Arragon and Charles of Aniou Diuers succession of Popes POpe Innocent dying at Naples the Gouernour shut the gates and enioyned the Cardinals to chuse a successor This was Renaldus of Anagnia Cardinall of Hostia who was called Alexander the fourth This man whether out of the late vision mouing him or his owne natural instinct thereto enclining gaue greater hopes of better regiment which principally was conceiued from this because after his arriuall he solicited in generall by letters to make prayers in his behalfe vnto God That he might proue fit and sufficient for the gouernement of the Church For his other successors saith Mathew neuer vsed any such custome as also for that in his letters especially in those to the Bishops of Germany a copie whereof is to be seene in Auentine Auent l. 7. Matth. Paris in Henrico 3. he sharply rebuked their abuses and vices But saith Mathew giuing too much eare to the imposterous whisperings of flatterers and to the wicked suggestions of men auaricious that is to his Cardinalls his simplicitie was suddenly diuerted and misled And his Bulls which is as it were the earnest and testimonie of Papall integritie came to be tearmed vnexpected fraud although in these poynts also I cannot excuse him that relying on the aduice of some in whom hee was most confident and by the persuasion of Pope Innocent the fourth his predecessor who on his death bed animated the Cardinalls thereunto in that he powerfully determined to continue the warre begun against Fredericks partakers especially against Manfred Fredericks naturall sonne The which resolution was pretended with deuotion and pietie because Nocera a citie of Calabria was then held by the Saracens And in that it was not fit the king of England should so soone discouer the fraud intended to him a Legat was sent which by a ring inuested Edmond his sonne king of Apulia and Sicilia and this incircumspect Prince thought that hee both possessed the cities and the harts of the subiects too Wherfore he presently set forward on his journy taking care for nothing but how he might conuey his treasure through France Presently after another Legat called Rustand was sent to demand a Tenth in England Scotland and Ireland as also he had authoritie to absolue the king of his vow of going to the Holie Land so he would commence a warre against Manfred Thus this credulous Prince suffered himselfe to be deluded with these artes nay and Rustand moreouer both in London and other cities preached the Crosse against Manfred in expresse words And Christians wondered saith the Author when they heard him promise as largely vnto them for the effusion of Christian bloud as sometimes he did for killing of Infidels And the Preachers instabilitie moued mockerie and laughter As also on a certaine day at the end of a sermon not doubting to adde Be sonnes of obedience And wherein should this consist I pray you Why be bound to such or such a Merchant in such or such a summe of money But now obserue the Catastrophe Manfred defeated the Popes forces in Apulia and the subiects of the kingdome vnderstanding that the Pope had constituted them a foraine king vnknowne to their Nobilitie as also that the Croisadoes were diuerted from their first ends and imployed against them as Infidels they all repayred to Manfred yea euen they who before were of the Popes partialitie raising against him a mightie armie Wherefore saith our Author the vsuall respect and deuotion borne by the Prelats and people towards our mother the Roman Church and our Lord our Father and Shepheard the Pope was almost expired For though that Court had many times with great bitternesse of spirit terrified Christs faithfull ones yet it neuer so mortally
conferred vpon Charles on this condition That he should pay 40000 crownes yearely in token of homage which he reserued to himselfe as also further that he should not accept of the Roman Empire though it were imposed vpon him Collen l. 4. Charles therefore went forward into Apulia the Bishop of Constance who was Clements Legat accomganying him Giuing plenarie remission of sinnes to those that should take vp armes for Charles Neere to Beneuento he discomfited Manfred in battell who was there slaine by meanes of which victorie he presently after secured to himselfe the kingdome and did no little reuiue the factions of the Guelphes and Popes which before were prostrat and troden vnder feet ouer all Italie But the Gibellines on the other side rousing themselues vp called Conrade Fredericks nephew commonly named Conradinus out of Germanie to oppose Charles He in the later end of the yeare 1267 comming to Verona about the beginning of the Spring he went forward into Apulia and so being proclaimed Emperour by all the Gibelline faction not farre from Arezzo he by the way defeated part of Charls his forces and then going to Rome ouerslipping the Pope that lay at Viterbe he was with general voyce and acclamation receiued by all the people But not long after joyning battell with Charles in the confines of the kingdome vpon the first charge he put his armie to flight but while his men were attentiue on bootie and spoyle Charles reenforcing the fight obtained victorie and himselfe with the chiefest of his nobles being driuen to flie he fell into his enemies hands And here Clements pastorall mercie and commiseration plainely appeared Sigonius glauncingly vseth these words Conradine by Charles commaund and definitiue sentence Collen l. 4. was put to death like an ordinarie theefe because by armes he made claime to his fathers and grandfathers kingdome The Princes are at great variance amongst themselues vpon ambiguous title But the Neapolitan Historiographer and some others write freely That after Charls had kept him a whole yeare in prison he consulted with the Pope what should be done with him who briefly made this answer Conradines life is Charles his death and Conradines death is Charles his life Collen l. 4. Hist Neapolitano vnderstanding by this that he was to be put to death The Historiographer obserues That diuers of the French Nobilitie could not be brought to condescend vnto this sentence but especially the Earle of Flanders Charles his sonne in law who thought it fitter to set him at libertie and haue him obliged by some matrimoniall affinitie whose opinion the nobler sort were of especially those who were free from preiudicat passions but saith he the more cruell sentence tooke place Neither certainly hapned this to omit the law of Nations without some super-humane instinct for besides the Vespers or Sicilian Euen-song which tooke publike reuenge hereof Charles Prince of Salerno sonne to the aboue mentioned Charles hauing thirtie gallies ouerthrowne himselfe with a number of other Nobles was taken and with nine other kept close prisoners and two hundred other gentlemen had their heads cut off at Messina others also that were in durance in a popular tumult who set fire on euerie part of the prison in contempt of the Popes excommunication were burned together in the same flame And the Ciuilians of the kingdome assuming a president from the proceeding against Conradine sat in triall vpon Charles the like sentence execution he had vndergone but onely for Queene Constantia wife to Peter king of Aragon a Ladie of singular prudence and pietie who vnder pretext of conueying him into Catalogna to the king preuented this intended just reuenge for which she purchased amongst all men immortall praise and commendations To returne to our former subject Charles caused Conradine being scarce eighteene yeares of age to be beheaded in the publique market place of Naples who called God to witnesse of the injurie and injustice done vnto him herein and so throwing his gloues vp into the ayre he denounced Frederick of Castile his aunts sonne heire and successour to his kingdomes Henricus Guldelfingensis in Historia Austriaca In his view and sight Frederick Duke of Austria his inward familiar and equall in yeres had his head cut off that by his death he might the more be daunted and terrified which he tooke vp and kissed then after him eleauen other noble men Italians and Sueuians The Historiographer adds that Charles would needs haue the executioners head chopt off in the place by an other appointed to performe this office because he might not hereafter boast of the cutting off his head who was discended from so illustrious a familie as also that the Count of Flaunders in a rage slew him with his owne hand that had pronounced the sentence All Christendome held this wicked deed in most odious detestation especially all the Princes in that they remembred how king S. Lewis and this Charles his brother being taken prisoners not long before by the Souldan in Palestina were curteously and friendly entertayned And from hence it proceeds that Peter of Aragon exprobrateth to Charles in some letters of his Tu Nerone Neronior Saracenis crudelior thou art more bloudie than Nero and more cruell than the Saracens There was not any one which ascribed not this crueltie in the greatest part to Clement and the verie sentence it selfe denounced against Conradinus may testifie as much Apud Pertam de Vineis which was For disturbing the peace of the Church and falsly vsurping to himself the Royal title But I pray you was not his right good enough for the clayming of this title Furthermore we haue the same Clements owne letters that is to say the letters of this Charles king of Sicilie to Peter of Aragon ordained and deuised saith the Author by Pope Clement the fourth wherein he proudly threatens Peter of Aragon being backt by this Pope that sought to obtaine the kingdome of Naples by armes Thou most wicked man saith he didst thou not consider the inexplicable excellencie of the mother the Church who is to commaund ouer all Nations and whom the whole earth and all the people in the same doe obey Shee it is whom land Sea and skies obey worship and resound to whom all that liue vnder her Sun are bound with stooping heads to pay due duties and tribute So as he exprobrated cast him in the teeth with Conradines death for a terror to himself of whom notwithstanding he shamed not to say that he had wel deserued who being taken in fight like a theef by the just sentence of death had deserued the gibbet yet he permitted him to vndergoe the stroak of cruel death by the sword of a bloudy heads-man presaging vnto him also the same ruin which sounded not like the stile of a king or prince descended of the French royal race but of the Popes of these present times of the same vnclement Clement And thus much
their names to Boniface at Rome and there should summon him to renounce his Popedome that a new election might be made wherein that right which he had should be still reserued and hauing receiued his answer hee should likewise doe the like to Benedict the Emperour and king promising each of them for the kings and Princes their allies and confederats to confirme this their decree The Bishop therefore one of the greatest men of name in those times tooke his journey to Rome where hauing had audience the Cardinalls thinking it necessarie to dissemble aduise Boniface to answer That he would willingly yeeld to whatsoeuer he should be by them aduised prouided that Benedict should renounce the name of Pope and then he would be readie wheresoeuer it should please them to appoynt the Conclaue And yet the Romans at that time murmuring hereat because they feared they should thereby loose that gaine they hoped for by the Iubilie he answereth them ingeniously My sonnes assure your selues I will continue Pope and whatsoeuer these kings shall determine I will neuer stand to their arbitrement This was concealed from the Bishop of Cambray He therefore returned to the Emperour who sent him to the king with this message That he was first to make Benedict to submit himselfe since Boniface his obedience depended thereupon Whereupon our Nobles and Prelats assembled at Paris whither neuerthelesse the king out of his wisedome thought it not good to call the Archbishops of Rheimes Rouen and Sens because the Pope had many wayes bound them vnto him There by the councell of the Vniuersitie of Paris it was determined That the king should presently send Monsieur Boucicant his Marshall into the parts of Auignon who either by treatie or any other meanes should endeuour that Benedict should yeeld his Popedome to the Counsell of the king of France and that the Church to the vtmost bounds of the kingdome should follow neither part vntill by the iudgement and decree of the Prelats who were deligated to that purpose the vnion were confirmed The Bishop of Cambray arriued at Auignon leauing the Marshall at Lyons there to attend the newes but as he deliuered his message Benedict saith Froissard changed colour and with a lowd voyce sayd They will that I yeeld to renounce my Popedome whilest I liue I will neuer doe it And I would haue the king of France to vnderstand that what he appointeth I will not doe but I will retaine my name and Popedome to the death To which the Bishop answered I tooke you to be wiser than I find you take a day to consider better of the matter with your brethren Whereupon they being assembled together and the Cardinall of Amiens shewing That whether they would or no they must be obedient to the kings and that the king of France did alreadie threaten the losse of the fruits of their benefices whereby many did alreadie stagger he grew the more obstinat I will not resigne saith he nor submit my Popedome to any treatie for any King Duke Earle whosoeuer And with those words he dismissed the Bishop adding withall You shall say to our sonne of France That hitherto we haue taken him for a good Catholike whom now wee see by a wrong information fallen into errour but he shall repent him of it Whereupon the Bishop went presently to the Marshall Boucicant who was come as farre as Port S. Andrew nine leagues distant from Auignon who presently vpon the newes sent for the nobilitie and men of warre from all parts stopping the passages both by land and water and by a Herauld denounced warre against Benedict within his palace His Cardinals almost all studied how to satisfie the king and so did the citizens of Auignon but he persisting still obstinat told them their citie was strong that he would send for the king of Arragon to his ayd who he knew would come to serue him being bound therunto both by propinquitie in bloud and that obedience which he did owe vnto the Pope and that they were frighted with small matters But the Marshall hauing threatned the inhabitants That he would burne all their vines and houses in the field without the knowledge of the Pope they resolued with some of the Cardinals who ioyned with them that is to say of Amiens Poictiers Neufchastel Viuiers and diuers others to receiue him into the citie and to besiege the palace vpon condition that he should offer no violence to them or theirs which was performed on both sides Benedict in the meane time defended himselfe in his palace being well furnished with all manner of victuall and still expecting the comming of the king of Arragon to whom if he would now set him at libertie hee promised by an instrument drawne to that purpose to keepe his residence at Perpignan but his answer was this Doth this Priest thinke that I to defend his subtilties will vndertake a warre against the king of France the world would thinke I was ill aduised And the nobilitie likewise that were about him were of opinion That the king of France was so wise that he would do nothing that was vnlawfull and that it was fit that the Clergie should learne how to obey their Lords from whom they had their maintenance remember from whom they receiued their good He therefore resolued by the king of France his example and at his request to follow neither part And the greatest part of his Clergie kingdome were of this opinion since by no other means the peace and vnion of the Church could be restored Benedict therefore seeing himselfe thus forsaken and his prouision to decrease apase began to flie vnto mercie The conditions were these That he would not depart out of the palace of Auignon vntil the vnion of the Church were restored a speciall gard in the meane time being appointed ouer him and some of the principall Cardinals citizens bound to haue him forth comming dead or aliue which being done the armie was dismissed These are the words of Froissard Froissard c. 97. 98. 99. So the king of France performed that which he had concluded with the Emperour whereof he presently gaue him to vnderstand by an honourable embassage the chiefe whereof was the Patriarch of Hierusalem who was to require of the Emperour according to promise the like faith and diligence in this businesse Now there were that had giuen their consent to this neutralitie the kings of Spain Scotland Arragon Nauarre to whom by the authoritie and endeuour of the Emperour there joyned the Germans Hungarians Bohemians Italians so that England onely remained for whom the king of France had past his word But king Richard could not persuade his Clergie thereunto they alledging That this Richard of Bourdeaux was wholly French Cap. 120. and that they would be aduised by some other than a Frenchman Besides he was shortly after troubled in such sort with his domesticall affaires that he had no leysure to thinke of foreine matters Yea
common consent of the States George Prodebraccius a great captaine and a professor of their religion who restored the condition and sliding state of these Churches And as he constantly perseuered therein notwithstanding the threats of the Emperour and Pope hee was excommunicated by Paul the second and his Estate exposed to the first inuaders thereof Matthias king of Hungarie tooke vpon him the conquest of this Prouince by the instigation of Rodolfe the Popes Legat with the approbation of the Emperour Fredericke the third and by the fauour of many of the great men of the kingdome But after many battels fought with variable successe he could not bring his purpose to passe And in the meane time this valiant Prince was thereby hindered from the necessarie warre which he had prosperously made against the Turkes being accused of ingratitude for that he had set vpon George to whom he was verie notably obliged for hauing generously set him free out of prison without any ransome and also giuen him his daughter in mariage when he was chosen king of Hungarie In hatred of which fact euen after the death of George when Matthias was declared king by the Pope the States of the kingdome of Bohemia would neuer giue their consent vnto it but preferred before him Vladislaus sonne of Casimir king of Polonia who although he was oftentimes instigated by the Pope against George yet would neuer be persuaded to take armes against him judging it a thing vnworthy vnder pretence of the Catholike Faith to violat the faith giuen to each other And this bringeth vs to the yeare 1470. 64. PROGRESSION The Atheisme of Sixtus the fourth and his abhominable and wicked life whom Innocent the eighth succeeded both in the Popedome and in all impietie Of Alexander the sixt by what diuellish meanes he attained the Popedome and of his abhominable incestuous life and miserable death Charles the French king passeth into Italie with a mightie armie and of his valiant proceedings there NOw it was thought that the Popes were come to that height of impietie and tyrannie that they could hardly ascend to a higher step and yet by that which followeth we shall easily perceiue that they found meanes to adde both a ridge and pinnacles to that building It is beyond all beleefe especially we reporting it had we not their owne Authours to witnesse it against them In the yeare 1471 Francis de Rouere borne in Sauoy Generall of the Franciscans got the Popedome who was called Sixtus the fourth Of this man Onuphrius giues this testimonie That for his great learning as long as hee was Cardinall all questions that concerned matter of Faith were committed to him Where let the Reader note from that which followeth vpon whose faith the Catholike Faith depended At the first onset he made shew of calling a Councell at Lateran vnder a twofold pretence The reformation of the Church and The holie Warres The causes were both verie plausible both for the allaying of the grieuous gronings of good men and the freeing them of their feares But the place was not thought so fitting being that out of which there neuer came any thing profitable to the Church The Emperour Frederick desired that it might be in the borders of Germanie and at the instant request of the Archbishop of Carnie who gaue his best assistance to forward the Reformation the Emperour and Princes called an assemblie of many Bishops at Basil But Sixtus hearing thereof Stumfius in Histor Heluetia sent Angelus the Bishop of Suesse to the Senat of the citie threatening to interdict them if they sent not the Archbishop to Rome bound hand and foot accounted not the rest of the Bishops that were with him for excōmunicat persons But the Senat of Basil not enduring that so great a wrong shold be offred vnto them in a free city the Legat excommunicating them departed in choler Frederic neuerthelesse persisted in his purpose but yet the better to pacifie Sixtus he desired that the Councel might be called at Vtina in Friuli a countrey in Italie but that pleased him not neither This difficultie so soone as he saw he had ouercome withall established his seat with the mutuall Legations of Princes hee bent all his endeuours to the encrease of the honour and greatnesse of his friends and kindred Volateran Onuphr Volateran and Onuphrius say in expresse tearmes That he was accounted by the iudgement of all verie louing and indulgent towards his kindred for whose sakes hee had done and granted many things praeter fas jusque against all lawes humane and diuine Hee created therefore two Cardinals and that not without a mysterie Peter Riere whom hee had brought vp from a child with his brother Ieronimo and Iulian his brothers sonne who was afterward Iulius the second Peter being in a short time strangely inriched became so sumptuous that he seemed to be borne to spend money for he consumed in those two yeares wherein he liued a Cardinall two hundred thousand crownes in his ordinarie houshold expence left fortie thousand crownes in debts and other infinit riches and mouable goods He died weakened and worne out with pleasures But neuerthelesse a Legat a mad choyce it was in Italie It is he whose prodigious prodigalitie Baptista Fulgosius describeth to be such Baptista Fulg. dict factor memorab l. 9. Baptista Mantuanus in Alphonso l. 4. that hee vsually gaue to Tiresia his harlot pantofles wrought all ouer with pearle of whom likewise Baptista Mantua writeth these verses wherein Iupiter thus saluteth him in hell At tu implume caput cui tanta licentia quondam Foemineos fuit in coitus tua furta putabas Hic quoque praetextu mitrae impunita relinquit Sic meruit tua foeda Venus c. But thou O Bauld-pate who once mightest freely Glut thy desires with womens companie Thinkst thou thy Myter can here thy thefts defend Such hath the desert of thy leacheries been c. To the reproach and ignominie both of Pope Sixtus and himselfe Of Iulian we shall speake hereafter in his place Hauing prouided for these two that were neerest vnto him both in bloud and affection he bent his endeuours to the promotion of the rest of his kindred He made therefore his brother Ieronimo brought vp with him the Prince of Forlie and Imola whether by right or wrong hee regarded not whom he maried to Catherina the bastard daughter of the Duke of Milan hauing first bestowed a hat vpon Ascanius the Dukes sonne to get his fathers consent Presently after he raised Leonard his brothers sonne whom he maried to a bastard of king Ferdinands and made him Gouernour of Rome He made Iohn also the sonne of Cardinall Iulian Prince of Soria and Senogallia who maried Ioan the daughter of Frederick of Montefeltro Duke of Vrbin from whom came Franciscus Maria who his vncle dying without heires male obtained the dukedome and in this manner did he exalt diuers others He was so liberall say
Sic moriens nullos credidit esse Deos. As Sixtus when he liued mockt God so he When that he died beleeu'd no God to be Trithem de scriptorib Eccles Fra. Leandro Alberti de viâ—is illustribus Ordinis Praedicatorij Alani de Rupe Compend Psal terij Mariani de Myrac Rozarij liber vnus An. 1483. And yet this good man in the meane time writ bookes of the conception of the Virgine Marie authorised that execrable booke of Alani de Rupe a German and Dominican Frier forged and preached for Gospell a certaine Rosarie gathered out of the Virgine Maries Psalter and thereupon instituted a new Societie for the credit whereof Iames Sprenger Prouinciall of Germanie deuised certaine myracles which Sixtus approued and defended with his Bulls and Indulgences There was likewise a booke printed in the beginning whereof we read That the Virgine Marie entring into the cell or chamber of this Alani the doores being locked and hauing wouen a ring with her haire maried her selfe therewith vnto him offering her selfe vnto him to be kissed and her breast to bee handled and sucked in as familiar manner as a wife to her husband Many other the like blasphemies there were in that booke by which let the Reader consider in what a bottomelesse gulfe of impietie the superstitious minds of men were by these Atheists ouerwhelmed Innocent the eighth a Genowais of the familie of Cibo succeeded in the yere 1483 after such a predecessor it was a hard thing to bee thought execrable and yet he was no whit better than the former that he should fill Rome with seditions Italie with fire and sword it was nothing strange since it was a matter long since determined That there was no mischiefe that befel Italie but through the Popes He tooke from Virginius Vrsinus the gouernement of the Apostolike Palace to gratifie Cardinall Iulian who then began to shew his force whereby the citie was brought into great danger Yea he troubled all Italie by defending the Earls of Aquila against Ferdinand their King and Lord Onuphr in Innocent 8. Enforced thereunto saith Onuphrius by the counsell of men ill aduised whereby he got nothing but charge ruine and dishonour Seeking therefore a meanes to supplie his wants and to fill his treasurie he followed the steps of Sixtus He ordained fiftie two Plumbatores Bullarum Bullists by which meanes he got six and twentie thousand crownes Certis Ecclesiae prouentibus attributis As a subsidie out of the reuenewes of the Church He added six and twentie Secretaries who paid euery one as it were for a fine two thousand fiue hundred crownes which came to sixtie thousand crownes He put to sale the office of the President de Ripa and created thirtie officers who payed two hundred crownes apeece and this was said to restore the Church He made peace with Ferdinand because he could not otherwise chuse whom neuerthelesse vnder a pretence of non-payment of tribute he excommunicated depriued him his kingdome and pronounced Charles king of Fraunce who had promised him to come presently with his armie the lawfull heire which he afterward in his owne person performed grounding himselfe vpon the last will and testament of Renat king of Sicilie and of Charles the Earle du Maine his brother who transferred all the right they had vpon him But Innocent had no other purpose but by this meanes reuersing all the Bulls of his predecessours to be reuenged vpon Ferdinand As touching his priuat life let vs giue credit to Volateran though in tearms somewhat too honest he expresse his dishonestie Iohn Baptista Cibo a Genowais after the death of Sixtus sat in the chaire and was called Innocent the eight He was heretofore a poore boy brought vp with the seruants of Alphonsus king of Sicilia but yet of excellent beautie From thence he came to Rome where he was receiued into the familie in Contubernio of Philip Cardinal of Bononia Afterwards he was made Bishop of Sauona and then of Melfe and Dataire of Sixtus who made him in the end Cardinall for his sweet and ciuile cariage wherein he exceeded all men vsque ad vitium euen in vice it selfe For he many times embraced men of basest conditions Is the Popedome to be gotten by such meanes and manners He had before his Popedome sixteen children eight sonnes and eight daughters of which there were onely two lyuing when he obtayned the See whom he endeauoured to raise to the charge of the Church distributing saith the Historie a great masse of money gathered by his indulgences for an imployment against the Turke to his children and kinsfolke Others add That he was the first of all the Popes that openly made his boasts of his bastards and contemning all auntient discipline tooke care to enrich them Onuphrius saith That his sonne Frauncis and his daughter Theodorina his bastards hee enriched beyond reason To Frauncis he gaue certaine Townes neere the Citie and married him to the daughter of Lawrence de Medices and Theodorina to Gerard Vsumar of Genoa a man verie rich Hereupon saith Marullus in an Epitaph Quid quaeris testes sit mas an foemina Cibo Respice natorum pignora certa gregem Octo nocens pueros genuit totidemque puellas Hunc merito poterit dicere Roma Patrem Why seekest thou witnesse to proue Cibo a man Looke on his brats faire gages deny 't if thou can Eight bastard sonnes he got and as many daughters Worthily then may Rome count this man a Pater His Epigrams alwayes alluding to that triall of the sex ordayned after the deceipt of Pope Ioane But he concludeth Spurcities gula auaritia atque ignauia deses Hoc octaue iacent quo tegeris tumulo Vncleanesse auarice sloth gluttonie Are here Octaue intombd where thou doest lye And least there should be no place left for superstition they made men beleeue at that time when Petrus Consaluus de Mendoza repayred the Church of the holie crosse that there was a fragment of the title of the crosse of Christ written in three Tongues found inclosed in the wall This cosinage the letters themselues bewraied for in stead of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it was barbarously written 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with an e in the accusatiue case plurall were all those famous Roman Antiquaries blind At that verie time Baiazet the Emperour of Turkie sent vnto him for a present the poynt of that speare of Longinus wherewith the side of Christ was wounded that he might thereby win him to set a surer gard ouer his brother Gemes whom he had then in his power of that Longinus whose name they deriued from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Who knowes not these fooleries and knowing them can endure them From hence there sprung a wonderfull haruest of indulgences vnder Alexander the sixt his successour Summa constitut in Bulla cuius initium admirabile sacrament Bulla cuius initium Apostolicae camerae in sum constitut Hieron Marius in Euseb cap. Onuphr