Mourning for the Death of Anno Ch. 22 An. U.C. 773 Germanicus Nero Germanicus's Son is made High Priest and Marries Iulia the Daughter of Drusus Salust the Nephew of Salust the Historian dies Tiberius retires into Campania Anno Ch. 23 An. U.C. 774 It is debated whether the Governours should carry their Wives with them into the Provinces The Cities of Gaul labouring under the Burthen of excessive Debts rebelled being headed by Sacrovirus and Florus A Debate arose about restraining Luxury Anno Ch. 24 An. U.C. 775 Caius Silanus accused A Comparison betwixt Anteius Capito and Labeo Antistius the Lawyer The Fourth Book contains the Actions of near six Years Consuls C. Asinius and C. Antistius Cornelius Cethegus and Visellius Varro Cossus Cornelius Lentulus and M. Asinius Agrippa Cn. Lentulus Getulicus and C. Calvisius M. Licinius Crassus and L. Calpurnius Piso Ap. Iunius Silanus and P. Silius Nerva Anno Ch. 25 An. U.C. 776 IUnia the Wife of C. Cassius dies the sixty fourth Year after the Philippick War Aelius Sejanus the Praefect of the Praetorian Bands debauches Livia the Wife of Drusus Tiberius's Son and procures Drusus to be poisoned by his Physician Eudemus which Wickedness was discovered eight Years after The Condition of the Roman State that Year is described A Temple built to Tiberius in Asia Anno Ch. 26 An. U.C. 777 C. Silius being oppressed with false Accusations prevents his Sentence of Condemnation by a voluntary Death Cassius Severus after his Banishment draws upon himself a severer Punishment Tacfarinas the Numidian is conquered Q. Vibius Serenus being accused of Treason by his own Son is banished Anno Ch. 27 An. U.C. 778 Cremutius Cordus the Historian is accused for Praising Brutus and Cassius and puts an end to his own Life Sejanus demands Livia in Marriage L. Domitius Nero's Grandfather dies L. Antonius dies Pontius Pilate is sent Governour into Iudaea Anno Ch. 28 An. U.C. 779 The Triumph of Poppeius Sabinus for the Conquest of the Thracians Domitius Afer the Orator Agrippina the Wife of Germanicus offends Tiberius Tiberius leaves Rome whence he was absent eleven Years to the Day of his Death Coceius Nerva the Lawyer accompanies Tiberius Anno Ch. 29 An. U.C. 780 The Amphitheatre at Fidenae fell where fifty thousand Persons perished Tiberius hides himself in the Isle of Capreae Anno Ch. 30 An. U.C. 781 Titius Sabinus Germanicus's Friend is villanously betray'd and put to Death Iulia the Grand-daughter of Augustus dies in the Isle Trimerus on the Coast of Apuleia whither she had been banished twenty Years before for Adultery The Frisii defeat the Romans Agrippina the Daughter of Germanicus is married to Cn. Domitius the Father of Nero The Fifth Book contains the Actions of three Years most of which are lost Consuls C. Rubellius Geminus and C. Rufius Geminus M. Vinucius Quartinus and L. Cassius Longinus Tiber. Iul. Caes. Augustus 5 o and L. Aelius Sejanus LIvia the Wife of Augustus and Mother of Anno Ch. 31 An. U.C. 782 Tiberius dies fifteen Years after the Death of Augustus Her Grand-son Caligula praises her in a Funeral Oration Tiberius begins to exercise the greatest Cruelties towards the House of Germanicus In these two Years Agrippina Germanicus's Wife and her Son Nero are banished to the Islands Drusus is kept a Prisoner in the most secret part of the Pallace *********** A great Chasm in the History the Occurrences of almost three Years are wanting Sejanus falls and his Children are punished The Counterfeit Drusus is taken The Sixth Book contains the History of about six Years Consuls Cn. Domitius and M. Furius Camillus Ser. Sulpicius Galba and L. Cornelius Sulla Paulus Fabius Persicus and L. Vitellius C. Cestius Gallus and M. Servilius Rufus Q. Plautius and Sex Papinius Cn. Acerronius and C. Pontius TIberius's abominable Lusts. Anno Ch. 34 An. U.C. 785 Many Noble Men Friends of Sejanus are put to Death M. Terentius justifies his Friendship with Sejanus L. Piso the High Priest eighty Years old dies peaceably Anno Ch. 35 An. U.C. 786 Drusilla the Daughter of Germanicus is married to L. Cassius Iulia to M. Vinicius Vsuary is taken into Consideration and Vsurers are prosecuted Laws relating to Vsury C. Caligula marries Claudia the Daughter of M. Sillanius Tiberius's Presage of Ser. Galba His Tryal of the Astrologer Thrasyllus Drusus the Son of Germanicus and Asinius Gallus are starved to death Agrippina the Wife of Germanicus is starved to Death Cocceius Nerva ends his Life by a voluntary Death A Phoenix is seen The Poet Mamerius Scaurus is accused An. U.C. 787 The Parthian Affairs Anno Ch. 37 An. U.C. 788 Poppaeus Sabinus dies The Parthian Affairs Anno Ch. 38 An. U.C. 789 The terrible Death of Agrippa The Death of Tiberius in the 78th Year of Anno Ch. 39 An. U.C. 790 his Age on the Calends of April C. Caligula succeeds him in the Empire *********** Here is a Chasm of ten Years in which the History of the whole Reign of Caligula and the first six Years of Claudius are lost The Eleventh Book contains the Occurrences of two Years Consuls Ti. Claudius 4 o and L. Vitellius 3 io A. Vitellius and L. Vipstanus VAlerius Asiaticus is overborn with false Accusations Italus the Nephew of Arminius the Leader Anno Ch. 50 An. U.C. 801 of the Cherusci by his Brother Flavius is sent into Germany Messalina Wife to the Emperor Claudius is put to Death The Twelfth Book contains the History of six Years Consuls C. Pompeius and Q. Verranius C. Antistius and M. Suilius Rufus Ti. Claudius 5 o and Ser. Cornelius Orfitus P. Cornelius Sulla and L. Salvius Otho D. Iunius Silanus and Q. Haterius M. Asinius Marcellus and M. Acilius Ariola Anno Ch. 51 An. U.C. 802 CLaudius Marries Agrippina the Daughter of his Brother Germanicus and Mother of Nero. Seneca is recalled from Banishment and made Praeceptor to Nero. C. Cassius the Lawyer Governor of Syria Lollia Paulina Banished Anno Ch. 52 An. U.C. 803 Domitius Nero Adopted by Claudius Agrippina to shew her Power to the ally'd Nations procures some Veterans and a Colony to be sent to the City of the Ubii where she was Born which from her took the Name of Colonia Agrippina now Cologne This was done 40 Years after the Defeat of Varus Charactacus King of Britain is taken by the Romans under their General P. Oftorius in the 9th Year of the British War Anno Ch. 53 An. U.C. 804 Agrippina was Daughter and Sister and Wife and Mother to the Emperor Nero is admitted to be of Age. A Famine began under Claudius of which there is mention made in the Acts of the Apostles Chap. xi Quadratus Governour of Syria The Astrologers Banished and a Decree of the Senate against the â—ewdness of Women Foelix Governor of Iudea Brother of Pallas a Freed-man who is mention'd in the xiv Chap. of the Acts of the Apostles Ventidius Cumanus Governor of Galilee Nero at sixteen Years old Marries Octavia Anno Ch.
People under Subjection who desire to live free Infine it is to preserve the shadow and appearance of Liberty to obey â—hose willingly who have the power to force us to it Libertatis servaveris â—mbram says Lucian si quicquid jubeare velis Neither were the Provinces any ways unwilling to admit these Alterations as being weary'd out with the continual dissentions of the Senators among themselves and the Covetousness of their Magistrates against whom it was in vain to seek the Protection of the Laws Which either through Force or Cabals or Bribery were become of no effect As for the rest Augustus to strengthen his Authority advanc'd Claudius Marcellus the Son of his Sister and yet very Young to the Dignity of the Pontificat and that of Edile g That is to say an Aedile for there were Aediles taken out of the Common People who were not permitted to ride in the City with a Chariot or to sit in an Ivory-Chair But this distinction which was odious to the People was afterwards abolished and all the Aediles were Curules They had the oversight of the Government of the City of Publick Games and of the Reparation of the Temples and of all things relating to the Worship of the Gods And also honour'd with two Successive Consulships Marcus Agrippa a Man of mean Parentage 2 The Prince who would be well served ought to honour Virtue wheresoever it is â—ound and to look upon him as the most Noble who is the best able to assist him to govern well A single Person saith Coâ—â—ines is sometimes the Cause of preventing great Inconveniencies to his Master although he be not of Noble Birth provided that he has only Sense and Virtue Ch. 5. Lib. 5. of his Mem. Cabrera says that Philip the II. in conferring Offices and Military Honours preferred Spill'd Blood to Hereditary Blood Ch. ult Lib. 2. of his History but an expert Soldier and the Companion of his Victories and not long after Marcellus being dead he Marry'd him to his Daughter Iulia. He also gave Tiberius Nero and Claudius Drusus the Command of Armies though but the Sons of his Wife Livia and that his own Family was yet flourishing with Heirs For he had already adopted into the Iulian Family Cajus and Lucius his Grandsons by Agrippa and his Daughter And had earnestly desir'd though with a seeming repugnance 1 It is enough to guess that a Prince does not Refuse a thing in good earnest because he makes no resistance to accept it when it is offered him again with greater importunity The more Popes affect to shew in the beginning of their Pontificate little inclination to call their Relations to the Administration of Affairs the more the Cardinals the Ambassadors and the Courtiers are importunate to persuade them to that which they knew they desire Vid. Reflection 6. of Ch. 7. that they should be made Princes of the Youth and design'd Consuls while yet they wore the Pretext Robe h Praetexta Robe edg'd with Scarlet which Children of Quality wore from the time of the Reign of Lucius Tarquinus Sirnamed Priscus or the Old they left it off at 17 years of Age. In a short time after Agrippa's Death his Sons follow'd him either through the Force of an immature destiny or through the Treachery of their Mother-in-Law Livia 2 The Death of Princes is frequently imputed to those who have the greatest Advantage by it As Livia desir'd to reign even after Augustus's death she was suspected to have poyson'd Lucius and Caius to make way for her Son Henry Duke of Orleance and Catherine de Medicis his Wife were supposed to be the true Authors of the Death of the Dauphine of France because his Death secured the Crown to them One of them as he was going into Spain to command the Armies there and the other as he was returning from Armenia and ill of a Wound which he had receiv'd And as Drusus was not long e'er this deceas'd Tiberius only was remaining Who from thence-forward was regarded as Successor to the Sovereignty Augustus adopted him i According to Paterculus Tiberius was adopted by Augustus in the Consulship of Aelius Catus and of Caus Sentius the 27th of Iune 〈◊〉 Rome 754. Hist 2. Ch. 103. and made him his Collegue in the Empire and the Tribunitial Power He sent him also to make his Publick Appearance in all the Armies that he might be known to the Soldiers and all this at the open Sollicitations of Livia who now no longer manag'd her affairs by Intrigues and secret Artifices as formerly she had done For she had gain'd so great an Ascendant over her Husband now in his declining Age 1 It is rarely seen that a Prince growing old maintains his Authority to the last Tacitus saith that the Power of an Old Man is precarious precarium seni imperium brevi transiturum Hist. 1. For under the colour of relieving his Old Age his Wife or his Son or his Minâ—â—ters assume the Government Duke Philip being grown Old Commines saith that his Affairs were so manag'd by the Lords of Crouy and of Chimay that he restor'd to the King the Cities upon the River of Some at which the Count his Son was much troubled for they were the Frontiers of their Lordships The Count call'd a great Council in the Bishop of Cambray's Palace and there declar'd the whole House of Crouy mortal Enemies to his Father and himself insomuch that they were all of them forc'd to fly These proceedings were very displeasing to Duke Philip but his great Age made him bear it with patience Ch. 1. 2. Lib. 1. of his Memoirs That which also adds much to the Diminution of the Authority of an old and infirm Prince is that there being no more to be hop'd for from him he is abandon'd by his Servants that to satisfie her desires he had banish'd Agrippa Posthumus his only remaining Grandson into the Island of Planasâ—a This Youth 't is to be confess'd had been ill Educated was of a rude Behaviour and valu'd himself too brutally on his strength of Body but otherwise was free from any apparent Vice The Emperor had also BRUTUS and CASSIUS Paterculus saith that never any Persons had so favourable a Fortune in the beginning as Brutus and Cassius nor so short liv'd a one Brutus was but 37 years old when he died Cassius was a better Captain Brutus a â—etter Friend the one had more Vigour the other more Honesty And as it was more advantageous to the Common-Wealth to have Augustus for its Master than Anthony it would likewise have been more agreeable to obey'd Brutus than Cassius They both kill'd themselves the latter frighted by a Company of People who came to bring him News of the Victory believing that they were Enemies the Former a few days after in despair plac'd Germanicus the Son of Drusus at the Head of Eight Legions which were quarter'd towards the Rhine 1 It
5 Whether this Counsel proceeded from Fear or Iealousie it was certainly good Power is not always augmented in proportion as it is extended It is often with a vast State as it is with prodigious Ships whose Burden hinders their sailing Besides there are Conquests which are burthensome because they can't be preserved It was for this Reason that Edward King of England would not hearken to the Proposals of Lewis the Eleventh who would have engaged him in the Conquest of Flanders after the Death of the last Duke of Burgundy answering That the Cities of Flanders were strong and great and the Country not easie to keep after it was conquered Memoires of Commines l. 6. c. 2. The King of Spain would gain more by giving up to France the remainder of the Low-Countries than by keeping it for besides that this Country not only brings him in nothing but costs him a great deal it would be much more Honourable to give it up voluntarily than to lose it by piece-meals after a shameful manner as it were by the Attachments of a Sergeant Pensees diverses ch or sect 40. This Counsel of Augâ—stus to shut up the Empire within its Limits crossed saith Ammirato the inviolable Maxim of the Romans who were ever endeayouring by all ways possible to enlarge their Empire but Augustus knowing by his own Experience the Evils that might ensue thence thought it his Duty to leave this Counsel to his Successors to cut up the Root both of Foreign and Civil Wars And if Tacitus gives the Name of Fear to this Advice it is because it is the part of a wise Man to â—ear that which deserves to be feared and to foresee how many Dangers he expoâ—es himself to who never ceases â—â—om invading others Commentary lib. 1. disc 6. and lib. 12. disc 1. VI. In the mean time the Senate still descending to the most abject Supplications it happen'd that Tiberius said unwarily He found himself uncapable of Governing the whole Empire but if it pleas'd them to commit some part of it to his Administration whatsoever it were he would accept it Then Asinius Gallus laying hold of the Word And what part of it O Tiberius said he wouldst thou undertake He not expecting such a Question and not having his Answer in a readiness for a while stood silent 1 Nothing gives greater Offence to a dissembling Prince such as Tiâ—erius was than to endeavour to sound his Heart or to let him see that you perceive that he dissembles We ought never to put Princes upon explaining themselves farther than they are willing when they speak obscurely it is a sign that there is some Mystery in it and consequently it is dangerous to enquire into it The Marquis of Aitone saith M. de Montresor went to visit Monsieur who kept his Bed pretending to have the Goâ—t and knew well enough that his Highness acted a Part but he made no discovery thereof by any outward shew or by any particular Act to prevent his Retreat out of the Territories of the King his Master In his Memoirs But having recover'd the use of his Reason answer'd That it was unbecoming of his Modesty to choose a Share of it when he had rather discharge himself altogether of the Burden 2 This Answer of Tiberius plainly shews that Princes do not love to be replied upon and that it is want of Respect towards them to put them to the Trial. Princes deâ—ire to be thought sincere because this conduces much to the obtaining their Ends but they will not be so Asinius who discover'd in his Countenance that he had stung him replied That the Demand which he had made tended not to the sharing of that Power which could not be divided but to draw this Acknowledgment from his own Mouth that the Commonwealth being but one Body could only be govern'd by one Soul Then after he had prais'd Augustus he desired Tiberius to remember his own Victories in War and his excellent Actions in Peace during the space of so many Years wherein he had the Management of Affairs But all this was not sufficient to make him well with the Emperour 3 The Praises which a Subject gives his Prince after he has given him Offence by Words are never a Plaister so broad as the Sore The Affronts offered Princes are irreparable because they impute the Reparations thereof to the Fear which the Offenders have of their Resentment and not to their Repentance who bore him an ancient Grudge suspecting him for having espous'd Vipsania the Daughter of Marcus Agrippa and formerly the Wife of Tiberius t Dio adds a Reason which is of yet greater weight That Asinius having married Vipsaâ—ia Drusus his Mother he looked upon Drusus as his own Son So that not being satisfied with having Tiberius's first Wife he also shared with him in his Prerogatives of a Father It looked also as if he would have had a share also in Drusus's Heart Câ—m Drusum filii instar haberet These are Dio's Words lib. 57. Lastly as Tiberius had always loved Vipsâ—nâ—â— whom he had not divorced but to please Augustus who gave him his own Daughter he could not endure that Asinius should ' enjoy this Lady who had as many good Qualities as Augustus's Daughter had bad ones as if by that Marriage he design'd to raise himself above the Condition of a private Life 4 A Prince never looks with a good Eye on him who hath married a Wife whom he hath divorced whether he divorced her out of Aversion or by Constraint for if he did it out of Aversion he looks on the Husband as a Person who hath taken her Part against him or who knows the Secrets of the Family whereof he may make an ill Use If by Constraint which was the case of Tiberius he hates the Husband as a Rival who hath enrich'd himself with his Spoils or as an ambitious Person who by the advantage of his Marriage hopes to advance his Fortunes The Honour which Asinius had of being Father-in-Law to Drusus one of the presumptive Heirs of the Empire join'd with his ambitious Spirit distinguished him too much not to raise Iealousie in Tiberius Piasecki relates that Iohn Duke of Filandia who was afterwards King of Poland was imprisoned by King Eric his Brother with his Wife Catharine Sister to Sigismund Augustus King of Poland because he seemed to have compassed this high Alliance to enable him to seize the Crown of Suedeland as their Father Gustavus had done In the beginning of his Chronicle and inherited the imperious Humour of Asinius Pollio his Father VII After this Speech Lucius Aruncius likewise offended him by another almost of the same Tenour For though Tiberius had not any old Animosity against him yet he hated him for his Riches for the Excellency of his Natural Endowments and Moral Perfections and for the Reputâ—tion which they had gain'd him with the People which was not inferiour to his Merit
was left to him that Henry the Third nourished Vipers in his Bosom that if he any longer deferred the Remedy of the Evils which threatned him he would see his Fault when it was too late It is worth observing by the way that Coloma himself believed that the Duke of Guise had sold himself to the King of Spain when he saith That the Commander Iohn Morâ—o who managed the Money which Philip the Second distâ—ibuted in France so entirely gained this Duke that he became wholly Spanish L. 3. of the same History and above all by giving them their Discharge so soon Yet he was not wanting to relate to the Senate his Exploits and to give large Commendations to his Valour but in Terms too much affected and labour'd to be thought sincere q It was his Desire that they should believe that he exceeded in the Praises of Germanicus thereby to lessen all the great Things which he had said of him Pessâ—mum inimicorum genus laudantes He spoke more sparingly of Drusus and of the Success of his Voyage into Illyria but it was with more Frankness and more Love and besides he order'd the same Conditions to be made for the Legions in Pannonia which Germanicus had granted to his own XLVI In the same Year died Iulia the Daughter of Augustus r Iulia saith Paterculus utterly forgetting that she was Augustus's Daughter and Tiberius's Wife gave herself up to all manner of Debaucheries which a Woman was capable of how shameful and infamous soever She measured the Greatness of her Fortune by Licentiousness and Impunity Her Adulterers were Iulius Antonius the Son of Mark Anthony and Husband of Marcella Augâ—stus's Niece Quintius Crispinus Appius Claudius Semproâ—ius Gracchus and Scipio besides some others of less Quality Hist. 2. c. 100. She had four Children by Agrippa her second Husband three Sons and one Daughter who inherited her Name and her Manners Sueton saith That when she was the Wife of Marcâ—llus she had a great Passion for Tiberius as it is the way of Coâ—ueâ—s and lewd Women always to love another better than their own Husband Seneca saith That Augustus perceiving too late the Error he had committed in publishing the Infamy of his Daughter by banishing her said with Grief That all this would not haâ—e 〈◊〉 him iâ— Agrippa or 〈◊〉 had been alive whom for her Incontinence he had formerly confin'd to the Isle of Pandataria s Now Pianosa in the Bay of Poâ—zzoli and afterwards to Rhegium near the Coast of Sicily During the Life of Caius and Lucius Agrippa her Sons she had been given in second Marriage to Tiberius whom she despis'd as a Man below her Quality 1 Unequal Marriages are almost always unfortunate especially those of Gentlemen with Princesses of the Royal Blood For commonly these Princesses will make up this Inequality at the Expence of the Honour or the Estate of their Husbands And it is of them that it is truly said That Majesty and Love never dwell together Add hereto that the infinite Respect which they exact upon the account of their Rank is insupportable to Husbands who have reason to be highly displeased at Irregularities which they dare not take notice of We ought therefore to observe the Precept of the Wise Man of Greece who advises not to marry a Wife of too great Riches or too high a Birth for fear of having a Master in stead of a Companion or as an old Poet said wittily for fear of meeting with a Husband in stead of a Wife and this was the principal Occasion of the Retirement of Tiberius to Rhodes But when he succeeded to the Empire not content to behold her banish'd dishonour'd and by the Death of Agrippa Posthumus depriv'd not only of all Hopes but of all Support he caus'd her to die in Want and Misery imagining that the distance of the Place to which she was banish'd would hide the manner of her Death Sempronius Gracchus was likewise slain on her Account Gracchus who was of a ready Wit and Eloquent with Cunning and Insinuation had debauch'd Iulia during her Marriage with Agrippa and his Gallantry with that Lady ended not with her first Husband's Death for he continu'd her perpetual Adulterer even after her Marriage with Tiberius He was continually provoking her against her Husband and encourag'd her to Disobedience It was also thought that he was the Author of those Letters which she writ to her Father against Tiberius and which occasion'd his Disgrace For these Reasons he was confin'd to an African Island call'd Cercina where he remain'd in Exile 14 Years He was found by the Soldiers who were sent to kill him on a Prominence at a little distance from the Shore and presaging no Good from their Arrival He desir'd some little Time to write his Last Will to his Wife Alliaria after which he freely offer'd them his Head A Constancy not unworthy of the Sempronian Name though he had degenerated from it by the Voluptuousness of his Life 2 Men are never throughly known till their Deaths All the Stains of a Voluptuous and Irregular Life are effaced by a Generous Death The Count de Chalais did himself as great Honour by his Death at which he called upon God to the Twentieth Stroke of the Thirty six that he received from the Executioner's Hand an extraordinary Thing as the Disorders of his Life and his Conspiracy against the King had dishonoured him Letters of the 19th of August 1626. Tome I. of the Memoirs of Cardinal Richelieu Don Rodrigo Calderon the Favourite of Philip the Third King of Spain by the Heroick Constancy of his Death turned the Hatred under which he lay into Esteem and Compassion Savadra Empr. 33. Un bel morir saith Petrarch tutta la vita honora Some have written that those Soldiers were not sent from Rome but from Lucius Asprenas Proconsul of Africa on whom Tiberius thought in vain to have cast the Odium of that Murder 3 How desirous soever Princes are to throw upon others the Hatred of the violent Resolutions which are executed against Great Men they are always believed to be the Authors thereof when they let those Persons go unpunished who have put them in execution After that Peter the Cruel had secretly put to Death Iohn Nugnez de Prado Grand Master of Calatrava this King saith Mariana expressed Grief for it to avoid the Hatred and the Insamy which would be upon him by the unjust Death of a Lord whose greatest Crime was his Friendship with a disgrac'd Favourite But when he made no inquiry and consequently inflicted no Punishment for so horrid a Fact the whole Kingdom believed that what all Pâ—â—ple before suspected of the King was a Truth which admitted of no Doubt History of Spain lib. 16. cap. 18. XLVII This Year was also made Remarkable by the Institution of new Ceremonies for there was establish'd at this time a College of Priests in Honour of Augustus in
or le ts slip all Occasions and beside despairing of Protection from the Laws I desir'd of Varus to make me Prisoner together with Arminius and his Accomplices I call that Night to witness of this Truth which I wish to Heaven had been my last What since has happen'd may be Deplor'd better than Excus'd For what remains I have formerly detain'd Arminius in Fetters and he and his Faction in their Turn have given me the same Treatment Even since I have had the Opportunity of making my Addresses to you O Caesar I have constantly retain'd my old Inclinations and I preferr'd Repose to Trouble And this not in prospect of any Recompence which I pretend but to clear my Innocence from Suspicion of Perjury and to put my self the better in condition to make Terms with Rome for my Compatriots when ever they consult their Safety by Repentance I implore your Clemency in my Son's behalf desiring that his Youth may excuse his Error I confess my Daughter is brought hiâ—her against â—er Consent I leave it to your Iudgment whether you will consider her as the Wife of Arminius or as the Daughter of Segestes LII To this Germanicus graciously answer'd That his Children and Relations had no cause of Fear that for himself he had provided an honourable Retreat in an ancient Roman Province where he might live secure from Danger This Affair being thus ended he brought back his Army and receiv'd the Title of Imperator by the Command of Tiberius The Wife of Arminius was deliver'd of a Son who had his Breeding at Ravenna What contumelious Usage he receiv'd when he was grown to Age 1 It is fatal to great Men to be unfortunate Fathers and to behold Fortune a Step-mother to their Children If Arminius espoused the Interest of his Father and Mother as it is to be presumed he could not expect better Treatment from the Romans than what they gave him it being the Maxim of all Princes to revenge upon the Children the Injuries which they have received from the Parents It may be also observed here that great Men are often punished by the same Evilâ— which they have inflicted on others Arminius had taken away from Segestes his Daughter who was promisâ—d to another and Germanicus by a just retâ—rn took away from him hâ—◠〈◊〉 and his Son whereby Segâ—sâ—â—â—â—â— doubly revenged Commâ—â—â—â—â— makes mâ—ny Reâ—â—â—â—â—ions of 〈◊〉 kind whereof this is the most Instructive Although said he the Duke of 〈◊〉 had just cause to hare the Constable S. Pol and to procure his Death yet all the Reasons that can be alledged in this Matter cannot justifie what he did in selling him to the King out of Covetousness in order to have him put to Death after he had given him a good and authenticâ— Safe-conduct And as this was at the first Sâ—ege of Nancy that he committed this Crime in dispatching the Order to deliver the Coâ—â—table to the King's Men God permitted that at the second Siege of this City he was betrayed by him in whom he put the greatest conâ—idence and justly paid for his Perâ—â—diousness to the Constable His 〈◊〉 l. 5. c. 6. shall be related in due place LIII The News of the good Entertainment given to 〈◊〉 was diversly received by some with Pleasure by otâ—ers with Regret as they either fear'd or wish'd the War Arminius besides the Violence of his Nature being inflam'd with the Outrage done to him in the 〈◊〉 of his Wife whom his Enemies had seiz'd and 〈◊〉 â—is Child unborn yet already destin'd for a Slave took a rapid Course through the Country of the Cherusâ—i solliciting that People to rise in Arms against Germanicus and sparing no opprobrious Language against Segestes Behold said he a pious Father in Segestes Behold a doughty Warriour in Germanicus A wonderful Exploit for a whole Army to take a Woman Prisoner I on the other side have destroy'd three Legions of theirs and three Lieutenant-Generals The Wars I make are without Surprize or Treachery I fight fairly and in the open Field not with Women big with Child but with Arm'd Soldiers There are yet to be seen in our Sacred Woods the Roman Eagles and their Ensigns which I have hung in Triumph on the Altars of our Gods Let Segestes please himself with his secure Abode in a conquer'd Country let lâ—t him restore to his Son the Priesthood of the Ubians the Germans never can forgive him for having brought betwixt the Elb and the Rhine the Consulary Fasces and Axes of the Romans with all other the Marks of their Dominion The rest of the Nations who are free from their Subjection know not yet the Names of Punishment and Taxes After having shaken off the Yoke and made vain the Attempts of that Augustus to whom they have given the Title of a God and of that Tiberius whom they have chosen in his stead to inslave our Country shall we fear a Boy a Novice in the War and an Army made up of Mutineers If then you have more Affection for your Native Country your Families and your ancient Laws than for Tyrants and new Colonies rather follow Arminius the Defender of your Freedom and your Honour than the infamous Segestes who would betray you into Slavery LIV. Not only the Cherusci but all the Neighbouring Nations were set on fire by this Oration He also drew Inguiomer into his Party who was his Uncle by the Father's side and of great Reputation among the Romans which increas'd the Trouble of Germanicus who apprehended lest with their United Forces they should come pouring upon him To make some Diversion g Alphonso King of Naples said That there was no succeeding in War but by Diligence and Diversion Guiccardin's Hist. l. 1. he sent Cecina with Forty Roman Cohorts through the Country of the Bructerians Pedo led the Cavalry by the Confines of Frisia and he himself embarking with Four Legions pass'd the Lakes the Foot the Horse and his Navy arriving at the same time on the Banks of Amisia h This River is now called Ems whence the City of Embdâ—n takes its Name which was the Place appointed for the Rendevous The Cauci who had offer'd their Assistance were receiv'd as Companions of the War The Bructerians who had set fire on all their open Towns were defeated by Lucius Stertinius whom Germanicus had sent forth with some Troops of Light-Horsemen to encounter them Amidst the Dead and amongst the Spoils he found the Eagle of the Nineteenth Legion which was lost at the Overthrow of Varus i 〈◊〉 saith That in the Defeat of Varus's Legions there were lost two Eagles one White and the other Black that the White sell to the Auxiliarâ— Sarmatians and the other to the Germans whence came the Arms of the Empire which bears an Eagle Sable in a Field Or and of Poland which bears an Eagle Aâ—gent in a Field Gâ—les In his Chronicle Our Army thereupon advanc'd to the farmost Limits of the Bructerian Counâ—ry
Piso by false promises 305 A Statue erected for him 379 Sentences of Death stopped 10 days 352 Sentius Câ—eius Governor of Syria after the Death of Germanicus 271 Sâ—ptimius a Centurion his General constrained to abandon him to the Fury of his Soldiers 72 Servius Governour of Comagena 245 Sibyls Tibrius binders the consulting the Books of the Sibyls 148 Silanus Cret Governor of Syria treats Vanones as King and Prisoner 168 Recalled from Syria because of his Alliance with Germanicus 221 Silanus C. accused 371 Pressed by Tiberius 372 Banished 373 That Sentence mitigated by Tiberius 375 Silanus D. accused for debauching Augustus his Niece banishes himself 318 Returns to Rome but as a private person 319 Silanus M. gives Tiberius Thanks for his Brother's return 318 Tiberius his Answer ib. Dishonours the Consulate by his proposing that all Acts should be dated from the Tribunes 361 Silius C. Lieutenant-General in Germany 70 Receives the Ornaments of a Triumph 130 Enters into the Country of the Catti where he carries away the Wiâ—e and Daughter of the Prince 171 191 Commands the Army against the Rebels 344 Lays waste the Towns in the Franche Comte 345 His Harangue 347 Defeats Sacrovir ib. Soldiers their Pay amongst the Romans 49 Son excused from Rebellion for obeying his Father Vid. Rest. 1. 306 Stertinius Lieutenant to Germanicus defeats the Bructerians 119 Chastizes the Angrivarians 172 Strabo Father of Sejanus the Favourite of Tiberius 21 58 Sylla expelled the Senate 234 Sylla the Dictator his Government not long Vid. Note m. 322 Sylla Lucius his Dispute with Corbulo 330 T. Tacâ—arinas Head of the Robbers becomes General of the Mâ—sulans 236 Overcome by the Romans 237 Renews the War in Africk 312 Is defeated 313 Driven to the Deâ—arts 314 Tacitus a faithful unbyassed Historian 6 Ridicules every where the Flatterers 25 201 373 361 370 376 Recites the Death of Cn. Piso from old Men. 305 Teaches the part of an Historian 370 Teâ—â—tis a City of Asia overturned by an Earthquake 231 Terror Panick Fear in the Camp of Cecina 129 Teutberg a Forest where Varus and his Legions were defeated 120 Thala a Fort besieged by Tacfarinas 313 Tâ—â—bes her ancient Puissance 251 Theophilus condemned by the Arâ—opagus 242 Thrace divided by Augustus between Resâ—uporis and Câ—tys 257 Divided again by Tiberius between their Children 262 Tiberius takes the Command of the Armies 8 9 Is adopted by Augustus who associates him to the Tribunitial Power 9 His accession to the Empire 13 He caused young Agrippa to be assassinated 17 Receives the Oath of Fidelity of the Consuls 20 21 Affects great Modesty in the beginning of his Reign and why 21 Consults the Senate concerning the Funeral of Augustus 23 Speaks ambiguously 35 Says he is not capable to Govern the Empire ib. Retrenches the Honours designed for his Mother 43 Transfers the Peoples Election of Magistrates to the Senate 44 45 Unmov'd at the Murmurs of the People 95 Amuses the Senate and Provinces by the Preparations he makes for a Voyage to the Frontiers 97 Le ts his Wife Iulia die in Want and Misery 104 Loves not the publick Games and Shows 108 Wherefore 151 Refuses the Title of Father of the Country 139 285 Renews and enlarges the Law of High-Treason 139 Assists at the Audiences of Inferior Courts without turning Iudges out of their Places 146 Gives a Senator wherewithal to support his Dignity ib. Sends back others to the Senate 147 Opposes the Suppression of the Hundredth part of the Gain by Commerce 152 Seldom changes the Governors and Officers of Provinces 154 Wherefore 155 Gives the Parâ—hians a King 163 And the Praetorship to Libo whose Death he studies 196 Defers the Reformation of Luxury 203 Severely treats Hortalus the Senator fallen into Poverty 210 Answered well by counterâ—eit Agrippa 216 Discharges Rome of one half of the Payment of the Handâ—eâ— Penny 220 And some Cities of Asia of all Taxes for 5 years 230 231 Will not be Heir of those who made him their Heir to be aveng'd of their Relations 233 His third Consulship 239 His Day of Rejoicing for the two Sons at a Birth Heirs of Drusus 282 His generous Answer to him who offered to poison Arminius 286 His Trouble to see Agrippina adored by the People of 〈◊〉 292 And the Mourning for the Death of Germanicus to hold so long 294 His Prudence at the Process of 〈◊〉 Piso. 300 His fourth Consulship of which he leaves all the Business to his Son 329 His refusal of Honours 348 His Gratitude towards one of his Friends ib. His Order to stop the execution of Iudgments 351 His Answer to the Senate's demand of a Reformation 353 His Popularity the more agreeable to the Senate because very â—are 375 Tiber its Inundations 148 Methods proposed to prevent them â—53 Tigranes made King of Armenia reigns no long time 166 Tours its Revolt against the 〈◊〉 342 Tribunate a Magistracy exercised 37 years by Augustus 27 Invented by Augustus 360 He takes Agrippa and after â—â—â—rius for Associates 361 Trio Fulcinius a celebrated Promoter â—97 Accuser of Piso. 299 His great Heat 〈◊〉 his Eâ—oquence 310 Trophy of Arms taken by Germanicus his Soldiers irritates the Germans 184 Another by Germanicus to the Honour of Tiberius 187 Troy a City famous for giving Birth to the Romans 241 Tubantes a People of Germany destroyed by Germanicus 101 V. Varilia accused for Lampooning Augustus and Livia 234 Acquitted from the Indictment of High-Treason but punished for Adultery 235 Varus surprized by Arminius for neglecting the Advice of Segestes 110 His Body ignominiously treated by the Nephew of Segestes 138 His Legions had a Tomb made for their Bones 121 Demolished by the Bructerians 171 Varro Visellius Lieutenant of Lower Germany 342 He yields the Command to Silius 344 Raises the Siege of Philippopoli Vid. Note 341 Ubians 71 Their City pillaged 79 Their Altar 83 Son of Segestes Priest of that Altar 114 Veranius first Governor of Cappadocia discharged it of part of the Tributes which it payed to its Kings 214 Friend of Germanicus 272 Revenges his Death in pursuing that of Piso. 299 302 307 Is honoured with the Dignity of Priesthood 310 Verus Antistius a Macedonlan Lord accused to keep Intelligence with Rescupori banished 339 Vesâ—als carry the Last Will of Augustus to the Senate 23 Appeared before the Iudge when called to witness 205 Vâ—tera or the old Camp-place upon the Rhine 94 Veterans Soldiers offer the Empire to Germanicus 77 Demand the Legacies of Augustus ib. They are promised it double to appease them 80 They would be paid upon the spot and are so 80 81 Tiberius revokes the Promise he made to free them at the end of 16 years 153 Vibidius Varro expected the Senate wherefore 234 Vibilius General of the Hermunduri 257 Vibuleus a common Soldier devises how to â—eign that they have killed his Brother and to demand his Body 55 Counterfeits so well that General Blâ—sus had been killed if the Imposture had not been discovered 56 Drusus puts him to Death 68 Vipsania first Wife of Tiberius 39 Mother of Drusus 311 The most fortunate of all the Children of Agrippa ib. Vistilia a Roman Lady declares that she will prostitute her self 283 The prudent Answer of her Husband to the Iudges ib. Vitellia will not depose against Luc. Priscus 350 Vitellius Publ. is in danger of drowning with the two Legions 136 137 Goes to receive the Tribute of the Gauls 170 Accuses Piso and Plancina as Authors of the Death of Germanicus 299 Is honoured with Priesthood 310 Vitellius Qu. expelled the Senate 234 Vonones given in Hostage to Augustus by his Father 162 Demanded by the Parthians for King 163 Despised and why ib. Expelled 167 Called to Royalty by the Armenians 168 Whose Inconstancy obliges him to retire into Syria where he is treated as Prisoner ib. Taken from thence by Germanicus and why 248 He corrupts his Guards and flies but is taken 263 An Evocate supposed to be privy to his Escape kills him ib. Urgulania Favourite of Augusta cited to Court but refuses to appear 204 Usipoles cut to pieces by Germanicus 101 Volusius Luc. his Death aâ—d Commendation 327 Z. Zeno Son of the King of Pontus is made King of Armenia by Germanicus 244 FINIS The Family of AUGUSTUS The former is AUGUSTUS's Family Blood this that follows is his Family by Affnity or his Wife LIVIA's Family which was taken into his own by Adoption
principal Arguments sometimes directly and in form but always aptly and judiciously suitable to the Occasion the Place and the Party concern'd Though his Stile be extreamly concise and Brevity the thing he seems chiefly to affect yet does he frequently interweave with his main Business many entertaining Digressions such as that concerning the God Serapis in the Fourth Book of his History and that other strange one concerning the Iewish Religion and their Lawgiver Moses which we had occasion to pass our Censure on before He thought it seems very truly that as no Traveller would grudge sometimes to go a little out of his Way for the sight of a Place extreamly well worth his Pains or somewhat peculiar to the Country he is passing through so these little Excursions which please and refresh the Reader are no Transgressions of the Laws of History when seasonably indulged Even Thucydides and Salust are not more Sententious than he which yet is so artfully manag'd that there is no appearance of Ostentation but every Maxim he lays down â—lows naturally from the Subject he is treating of and resembles that Lustre and Beauty of the Stars which are said to be made out of the very Substance of that Firmament they adorn Here you see nothing foreign nothing affected nothing forc'd or far-fetch'd nothing superfluous but every Thought so pertinent so well fitted that no Man can dispute the Right it hath to that Place or think any other would better become it And which is still more here you do not learn barely the Events of Things but the very Reasons and Progress of those Events the secret Springs of each Action and all the Motives and Contrivances by which it was carry'd on And here a Man may say with great Reason with regard to History what the Poet does in the case of Husbandry Faelix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas Virg. Georg. L. 2. Happy the Man who studying Nature's Laws Through known Effects can trace the secret Cause Mr. Dryden And if the Notion some Philosophers have advanc'd concerning the Sea be true That its Waters nearer the bottom are much fresher than those about the top it is undoubtedly a Truth of much greater evidence that a History which contents it self with an Account of Matter of Fact only and presents only with the Outâ—side and Sâ—â—face as 〈◊〉 were of Things cannot pretend to either the Pleasure or the Profit which arises from a Discovery of the mysterious Causes and the several Counsels and Debates upon which each Action mov'd This reaches the very bottom of the Matter and every Man can justifie the vulgar Proverb here That the deeper you go the sweeter and more delicious you find the Entertainment But one particular Character there is which raises the Merit and Reputation of Tacitus above other Writers that I mean of ordering Matters so that a Man may oftentimes receive as much Information from what he does not say as from what he does This instructive Silence is an Excellence which others have observ'd before me And a very peculiar one it is when to speak in Terms of Arithmetick his very Blanks are as considerable as his greatest Summs So that here you are directed to form a Notion of Men every way because whether he give Characters or whether he give none all is done with mature Consideration exact Iustice and accurate Iudgment 'T is thus that the Ancients exâ—ol the Skill of that Eminent Painter â—imanthes in whose Pieces there was a great deal more for the Thought to work upon than lay open to the Eye of the Beholder And this great Wisdom and Depth is indeed very agreeable to that ripeness of Age and Iudgment in which he apply'd himself to Writing For we arâ— assur'd from himself that this Work was begun after Nerva's and in Trajan's Reign at which time he must have been pretty far g See Note b advanc'd in Years The Reader who is desirous of a more particular Character of Tacitus his Writings may find it to good Advantage in the Second Volume of Muretus his XIII XIV and XV. Orations The Passages were thought too large to be inserted here A Chronological TABLE OF THE Annals and History OF Cornelius Tacitus The First Book of the Annals contains the History of almost two Years Consuls Sextus Pompeius and Sextus Apuleius C. Iulius Drusus Caesar and C. Norbanus THE Emperor Augustus died at Nola in The Years from the Incarnation of our Lord. 16 The Years from the Building of Rome 767 Campania the Nineteenth Day of August Claudius Tiberius Nero the Son-in-law of Augustus succeeded him who began his Reign with the Murder of Agrippa Posthumus The Consuls Sex Pompeius and Sex Apuleius are the first that took the Oaths of Fidelity to Tiberius Germanicus appeases a Sedition in the Army by pretending to send away his Wife Agrippina and his Son Caligula Iulia the Daughter of Augustus formerly banished by her Father for her Lewdness died through want of the Necessaries of Life Anno Ch. 17 An. U.C. 768 Germanicus defeated Arminius or Harman the General of the Cherusci and took his Wife Prisoner the sixth Year after the Defeat of Quintilius Varus A Temple built to Augustus in Spain The Tax of the Hundredth Penny upon Commerce imposed after the Civil Wars is confirmed The Second Book contains the History of four Years Consuls Sisenna Statilius Taurus and Lucius Scribonius Libo C. Coelius Rufus and L. Pomponius Flaccus Tib. Iul. Caes. Aug. 3 io and Germanicus Caesar M. Iunius Silanus and C. Norbanus Flaccus Anno Ch. 18 An. U.C. 769 THe Beginning of the Parthian War Germanicus brings his Fleet into the River Amisia or Ems and passing over the Weser defeats Arminius and the Germans Germanicus's Army sailing through the Amisia into the Ocean is shatter'd by a Storm and the greatest part of it lost The Accusation and Death of Libo Drusus The Astrologers and Magicians are banished Italy A Defence of Luxury The Counterfeit Agrippa is taken Anno Ch. 19 An. U.C. 770 Germanicus Triumphs for his Victories over the Cherusci Chatti and other Nations of Germany betwixt the Rhine and the Elb. The Tax of the Hundredth Penny is abated by Tiberius and made the Two Hundredth Twelve Cities of Asia perished by an Earthquake Tacfarinas the Numidian begins a War in Africk Germanicus goes into Asia Anno Ch. 20 An. U.C. 771 Germanicus visits Egypt as far as Syene and Anno Ch. 21 An. U.C. 772 Elephantina Maroboduus the King of the Marcomanni lives at Ravenna in Italy eighteen Years Germanicus is poysoned by Piso. Livia the Wife of Drusus Tiberius's Son and Sister of Germanicus is delivered of Twins Arminius the General of the Cherusci dies in the thirty seventh Year of his Age. The Third Book contains the Actions of three Years Consuls M. Valerius Missala and M. Aurelius Cotta Tiber. Iul. Caes. Augustus 4 o and C. Iul. Drusus Caesar 2 o C. Sulpicius Galba and D. Haterius Agrippa THe Grief and
Donna Anna the Queen of Spain that Philip II. had disappointed her of the Regency by the Will which he had made at Badajoz this Princess who thought her self excluded for want of Love and Esteem did not cease to make complaints which soon after cost Don Antonio his Life Cabrara in his History Chap. 3. Lib. 12. and c. 2. l. 13. He must never trust a Secret to a Person who is infinitely below him for such is the case of Great Ones that they reckon it a dishonour to stand in awe of their Inferiors and a ridiculous Folly to be afraid of disobliging him to whom they told a thing which may be for his advantage to reveal Antony Pepez says that the Tongue is that part of Man which the Ladies are most set against because of the Secret which they wou'd have kept and which they are afraid shou'd be discover'd Men have more reason to be cautious but especially they who live at Court or who converse with the Court Ladies ought to be more jealous of a Womans Tongue and even of their own Wife's than of their most dangerous Enemies But however it was Tiberius was scarcely enter'd into Illyria when he was speedily recall'd by Letters from his Mother and it is not known for certain whether or no he found Augustus yet living m Paterculus says that Tiberius came to Nola before the Death of Augustus and that they had also some discourse together Chap. 123. when he arriv'd at Nola. For Livia had order'd the Corps du Guard to be all under Arms at every Avenue of the Palace and the Town and caus'd reports to be hourly spread of the Emperor's amendment till having all things in a readiness which the present Conjunction cou'd require She declar'd at once the Death of Augustus n Suetonius says that Tiberius wou'd not publish the Death of Augustus till he had caused the Young Agrippa to be assassinated In Tiberio and the Accession of Tiberius to the Empire o At the Age of Fifty five years The Reign of TIBERIUS Beginning in the Year of Rome 767. I. THE first Action of the New Reign was thâ— Murder of Agrippa Posthumus 1 A Prince who sheds the Royal Blood gives an Example of most dangerous consequence The Queen of Naples Ioan I. says Ammirato when she caus'd Andrew her Husband to be strangled taught Charles III. when he had it in his power to strangle her also And after he had taken from the Queen his Mother her Crown and Life he also lost his own Crown and Life by the hands of the Hungarians who were taught by the example which he had given them Discourse 7. of the 17 Book of his Commentary upon Tacitus There are many Politicians says Cabrera who say on the contrary that 't is difficult to keep in Prison Princes of the Royal Blood and that when they are dead they don't bite which is the reason why Charles of Anjou that is Charles I. King of Naples put to death Conradin the Nephew of Manfrede his Predecessor But Aragon did not want Heirs who happily recover'd the Kingdom and who condemn'd to death the Son of Charles And though this Sentence was not executed for Constance the Eldest Daughter of Manfrede and Wife of Peter III. King of Aragon was more generous than Charles I. yet the innocent Conradin was reveng'd by that mark of Infamy which his blood imprinted upon the House of Anjou Philip II. provided for the safety and preservation of Queen Mary of England his Wife in opposing the execution of the Sentence of Death given against Elizabeth his Sister-in-Law for the Prince who puts those of his own blood into the hands of the Executioner whâ—ts the Sword against himself Chap. 10. of Book 1. and 5 of Book 2. of his History of Philip II. Henry IV. would never consent to the Death of Charles of Valois Count of Aâ—vergne who conspir'd against him saying that he ought to have a respect for the blood of Kings and Mr. Villeroy one of his Ministers said well to the same purpose that when the Question was put concerning the Life of Princes of the Blood the Prince ought for Counsel to hear nature only Burnet has declared that the Death of the Queen of Scotland was the greatest Blot of Queen Elizabeth's reign And I wonder that Pope Sixtus V. who knew so well how to teach others to give respect to Royal Majesty should envy this Queen the Happiness and Honour to have a Crown'd Head fall at her feet And never was a Dream more full of instruction than that Ladies who usually lay in the Chamber of Queen Elizabeth and who the Night before that Execution awak'd in a Fright crying out that she saw the Head of Mary Stuart cut off and that they would also have cut off the Head of Queen Elizabeth with the same Axe Lâ—ti Book 3. of part 2. of the Life of Sixtus V. who unarm'd as he was and wholly Ignorant of the design was not without some difficulty slain by a Centurion hardned in blood Tiberius was silent of this matter in the Senate feigning a Command from his Father Augustus wherein he had order'd the Officer of the Guard to murther the Young Man immediately after his own decease 'T is undoubted that Augustus had often and that with bitterness complain'd in the Senate of his Manners and had also exacted a Decree from them to authorize his Banishment Yet he had never proceeded to so much cruelty as to compass the Death of any of his Relations Nor is it credible that he would command his Grandson to be murder'd to secure the safety of his Son-in-Law The suspicion fell more naturally on Tiberius and Livia for hastning the Death of a Young Man obnoxious to the hatred of the first through fear of a Competitor o Paul Piasecki says in his Chronicle that Constance of Austria the Second Wife of Sigismond III. King of Poland used all her Interest to get her Eldest Son Iohn Casimir to be chosen King and her Son-in-Law and Nephew Uâ—adislaus excluded who being the Eldest Son of the King according to the Law and Custom of the Country was to be preferr'd before all others Another Polonian says Nec unquam committunt quin hic eligatur cui ipso jure debetur successio Krzistanowiâ— in his description of the Government of â—â—land and of the last through the inbred malice of Step-mother When the Centurion according to Military Custom told Tiberius that he had perform'd his orders his answer was that he had given him no such Commission 2 'T is the Custom of Princes in hurtful cases to throw the Odium upon their Ministers Anthony Perez who found it so by sad experience in the Murder of Iohn of Escovedo which Philip II. gave leave to be enquir'd into says that Princes are advis'd to keep a Council of State to clear themselves of all unlucky accidents Queen Elizabeth imprison'd the Secretary
being then a Youth and of a private Fortune had corrupted the Veteran Troops with Bribes and Donatives had rais'd an Army and debauch'd the Legions of Decimus Brutus then Consul under colour of reconciliation with Pompey's party that after he had extorted from the Senate the Ornaments and Authority of a Praetor and seiz'd on the Troops which had been commanded by Hirtius and Pansa newly slain i In the War of Modena against Anthony Hirtius and Pansa were Consuls and Augustus commanded there in quality of Propraetor Anthony was forc'd to fly and leave Italy either by the Enemy or by the Treason of this young Caesar for Pansa was thought to have been brought to his end by an envenom'd Plaister apply'd to his wound and Hirtius was slain by the hands of his own Soldiers he caused himself to be created Consul in spight of the Senate and had turn'd those arms against the Common-Wealth which he had taken up against Anthony The Proscription of so many Citizens was charg'd on him and the division of the Lands k That is That these Lands belonging to the Community could not be given to private Persons much less to the Soldiers without wronging the Publick disapprov'd even by those to whom they fell The Death of Cassius and the two Bruti l Marcus and Decimus Brutus of whom the first kill'd himself as I have already said and the other was killed by the command of Anthony A punishment he justly deserved for his ingratitude towards Caesar whom he was so hardy as to Murther at the same time he received favours from him He envy'd says Paterculus the Fortune of him who had made his and after having taken away the Life of Caesar he thought it no injustice to keep the Estate he had received from him Hist. lib. 2. Chap. 64. 'T is fit to observe by the way that of all the Murtherers of Caesar who were sixty in number there was not one of them who did not die a Violent Death nor did any of them out-live him more than three years must indeed be own'd for a just Vengeance on the Murderers of his Father m Hoc opus haec pietas haec prima elementa fuerunt Caesaris ulcisci justa per arma patrem Ovid. l. 3. Fast. Cato the Censor meeting a Young Man who came for a Decree to disgrace one of his Father's greatest Enemies See there says he how a well-bred Child ought to offer sacrifice to the Memory of his Father though still it had been more glorious for him to have sacrific'd his private hatred to the Publick Interest But the younger Pompey had been unworthily betray'd under the shadow of a pretended Peace and Lepidus by a dissembled Friendship Anthony sooth'd and lull'd asleep by the Treaties of Tarentum and Brundusium and by his Marriage with the Sister of Augustus had paid with his Life the forfeit of that fraudulent Alliance After this a Peace was of necessity to ensue but it was a bloody Peace and infamous for the punishment of the Varro's the Egnatii n Rufus Egnatius who according to Paterculus was in every thing more like a Gladiator than a Senator having form'd a Cabal of Men like himself he resolved to kill Augustus but his design succeeded no better than Lucius Murena's and Fannius Caepio's He was punished with the Accomplices of his Treason by such a Death as his detestable Life deserved and the Iulii of Rome to which succeeded the Defeats of Lollius o Marcus Lollius according to Paterculus was more careful to enrich himself than to do his duty and Varus p Quintilius Varus a Peaceable Man but heavy and more fit to command an Army in time of Peace than to make War He was so imprudent says Florus Book 4. Chap 12. as to assemble the Germans in the midst of his Camp to do them justice as if he had been able to restrain the Violence of these barbarous People with a Serpent's Wand He imagined saith Paterculus that they were plain honest People who had little more than the Shape and voice of Men and whom he could civilize by mild Laws and tame by the Forms of Iustice those who could not be subdued by the force of Arms. Segestes gave him notice of the intended revolt of Arminius but he would not believe it thinking the Germans had as much good will for him as he had for them In the mean time his Army is Surpris'd and Massacred by people whom they butcher'd before like Sheep Poor Varus more couragious to die than fight stab'd himself in Germany Neither did they spare his private Life in their discourses They reproach'd him for having forcibly taken from her Husband a Woman then with Child and for having made a Scoff of Religion by demanding of the Priests if it were lawful for him to espouse her before she was deliver'd 7 Princes often make Religion yield to their Interests whereas their Interests ought to give place to Religion Dispensations for marriages within the Degrees forbidden are become so common that 't is not any longer a matter of scruple to marry two Sisters or two Brothers Philip II. who according to Historians had so nice a Conscience was very near Marrying Elizabeth the Queen of England and Isabel the Queen-Dowager of France both his Sisters-in-Law and the latter also the Daughter of the Empress Mary his Sister and matching his Son Don Carlos with his other Sister Ioan the Princess-Dowager of Portugal alledging for a President Moses and Aaron who were the Sons of Amram by his Father's Sister Henry the Cardinal King of Portugal as devout a Priest and Arch-Bishop as he was at the age of 67 years was very earnest to obtain a Dispensation to marry the Duke of Braganza's Daughter who was but 13 years old Upon which Cabrera tells an odd Story that Don Duarte de Castelblanco advised Henry to marry and advised the Iesuits who govern'd him absolutely to make him take a Wife that was already with Child there being no hopes by reason of his Age and Infirmities that he could otherwise have Children Lib. 12. Chap. 14. Paul Piasecki saith that the Poles abhor incestuous Marriages and the Dispensations that permit them and that the Famous Iohn Zamoyski Great Chancellor of Poland who to his Death opposed the Marriage of Sigismund III. with Constance of Austria Sister to his former Wife Ann remonstrating to Clement VIII that such a Marriage was repugnant to common honesty and that the Polish Nation would never suffer this Decency to be Violated by his breeding Mares Insomuch that Sigismund was not able to procure the Dispensation he demanded till after the Death both of the Pope and the Chancellor In his Latin Chronicle ad An. 1604. I tremble saith Commines speaking of the Marriage of Ferrand King of Naples with the Sister of his own Father King Alphonso to speak of such a Marriage of which Nature there have already been several in
hopes of obtaining a General Pardon rather than the Fury of the Soldiers he openly declar'd the Occasion of that Embassy and eloquently deplor'd the cruel Outrage done to Plancus without cause and the Infamy which the Legion had incurr'd by violating in his Person the sacred Character of Ambassadors 6 The Person of an Ambassador is so Sacred that it is more inviolable than even that of the Prince himself who sends him would be were he in the Places where he represents him For a Prince who is in the Territories of another is but under the Security of the Laws of Hospitality which make but a part of the Laws of Nations But his Ambassador is under the Protection of the Laws of Nations themselves taken in the utmost Extent of their Signification and of their Privileges pâ—ovided that he be not in a strange Country nor for his Pleasure nor for his own private Affairs but for the common Good of the two States The Rights of Ambassadors are even so great that they eâ—â—ace those which a Prince hath over his Natural Subjects That is to say a French-man who should be Ambaâ—â—â—dor from the King of Spain or a Spaniard who should be Ambassador from the King of France would eâ—â—ace and abolish by his Character the Iurisdiction and all the Rights of Sovereignty which his Natural Prince had before over his Person Local Customs which ought to give Place to the Law of Nations which is the Universal and Common Law of all People who have a Form of Civil Government in â—like manner as the Interest of private Men gives Place without contradiction to the publick Interest And this is so truâ— that the Marquis du Guast Governor of Milan having caused to be assassinated on the Po Anthony Rinco a Spaniard invested with the Quality of Ambassador from Francis the First who sent him as such to Constantinople Charles the Fiâ—th loudly disowned this Action and carefully avoided alledging amongst the Excuses wherewith he coloured it the Birth of Rinco which he would not have failed to insist on had he believed that it was his Right to have recalled him as his Subject and to have punished him as a Deserter who had been condemned for Contumacy in Spain Don Iuan Antâ—nio de Vera to justifie this Action of the Governour of Milan which the force of Truth makes him vindicate by halves when he saith Strangers say so and I am willing to believe it because it was much of his Character Porque â—ue obra muy â—uya This Author I say complains of Iohn Bodin who making mention of the Death of Rinco cunningly dissembles that this Ambassador was a Spaniard that he might give a false Colour to this Action adding that if Bodin had spoken the whoâ—e Truth it was evident and undoubted that Charles the Fifth might judicially condemn and punish Rinco with Death seeing that he was his natural Sovereign and that no subsequent acquired Privilege could skreen him from the Punishment of his antecedent Treason But this Reason doth not destroy those which I have alledged to the contrary And the Example which Don Iuan Antonio brings of Ioab whom Salomon caused to be slain at the Horns of the Altar which he laid hold on is not parallel to our Case seeing that Ioab was no Ambassador as was Rinco nor Rinco a wilful Murderer as Ioab was 1 King 2. To conclude the Example of Ioshua who would not â—ill the Gibeonites although they circumvented him in obtaining the League which they came to make with him Iosh. ch 9. may serve as a proper Answer to all the Reasons of this Spanish Lord. See his Epitome of the Life of Charles the Fifth and the first Dialogue of his Enâ—axador After this Harangue which rather astonish'd the Multitude than appeas'd them he licens'd the Deputies to depart and caus'd them to be convoy'd by the Auxiliary Troops XXXIV During this Conâ—â—ernation Germanicus was generally blam'â— that he repair'd not to the Army on the Upper Rhine where he might have found both Obedience and Aid against the Rebels Germanicus said they has discover'd his Weakness and his Fear in rewarding the Revolters 1 When Mildness in a General is not seaâ—â—ned with Severity it cures Mutâ—â—â—â—â—s of nothing but of Fear whereas they ought to have Terroâ— struck into them to reduce them to Obedience The Instructions which Philip the Second gave in Writing to Don Iuan his Brother when he sent him to the War expresly recommended to him in all his publick Actions to observe a Deâ—â—â—â—m suitable to his Birth and to his Office of General in appeâ—ring grave with Sweetness that he might be beloved and modest with Authority that he might be respected Cabrera's History l. 7. c. 23. If he regarded not his own Safety yet why should he abandon his Infant Son 2 The first Thing which a General of an Army ought to do in a Sedition or a Revolt of Soldiers is to put his Wife and Children in some place of Safety for 〈◊〉 leâ—t the Mutineers or the Rebels seizing on their Persons so precious a Pledge might serve them as a Buckler against him and constrain him to grant them Demands prejudicial to his own Reputation and to the Authority of the Prince who employs him In a word every Thing must be taken from Soldiers that may augment or â—oment their Violence and his Wife with Child to the Fury of those Mutineers to whom nothing is inviolable He ought at least to have restor'd those Pledges to Tiberius and to the Commonwealth After long Consideration he embrac'd his Wife and Son with many Tears and order'd their departure And though Agrippina to avoid that mournful Separation said That the Grand-daughter of Augustus had too much Courage to fear Danger 3 There is nothing which makes a Woman more couragious than the ardent Love which she hath for her Husband Dona Iuana Coelâ—o the Wife of Anthony Perez and Mary de Regelsbâ—rg the Wife of the â—amous Hugo Grotius are two great modern Examples And when History shall speak of the Disgrace of Monâ—â—eur the Surintendant Fouâ—â—ue◠〈◊〉 will not it may be forget to parallel his Wife with those two Foreign Ladies yet at length she submitted to the Iourney It was a sad Spectacle to see the Wife of a General in the Equipage of a Fugitive carrying a helpless Infant in her Arms encompass'd with a Troop of other Women all in Tears and those who stay'd behind as much afflicted as those who went XXXV These lamentable Outcries which one would have thought had rather come from a sack'd City than from the Camp of Germanicus at that time in a flourishing Condition excited the Curiosity of the Soldiers They came forth from their Tents to learn the Cause There they beheld so many Ladies of Illustrious Birth without any Convoy or Guard to attend them Agrippina without her ordinary Train or any one remaining Sign to distinguish the Wife of their General from
other Women And informing themselves that she was going for Treves there to seek a Sanctuary among Strangers they were equally mov'd with Shame and Pity by the dear Remembrance of her Father Agrippa of her Grand-father Augustus and of her Father-in-Law Drusus by the Honour of her Fruitfulness and her inviolable Chastity and more particularly by their Regret they had to see her carry away in a manner so unworthy of her her Infant Son who was born within their Camp nurs'd as it were in the Bosom of the Legions and call'd Caligula because he wore the common Boots u These Booâ—s were trimmed with Nails and were worn only by the â—â—â—mon Soldiers Wherefore in Latin Authors Miles Caligatus is 〈…〉 of Soldiers to gain their Affections in his very Childhood But nothing was more grievous to them than the Envy of that Honour which was done to those of Treves Some of them ran after her and besought her to stay among them others went to 〈◊〉 and importun'd him for her Return But as he was yet in the first Ferment of his Grief and Choler he answer'd them in this manner XXXVI Believe not that my Wife and Son are dearer to me than the Emperour and the Empire 1 They who have the Management of publick Affairs ought to prefer their Country to their Wives and Children Cari sunt parentes saith Cicero cari liberi propinqui familiares sed omnes omnium caritates Patria una complexa est Lib. 1. de Off. There is in Mariaâ—a's History a famous Example of what Governors and publick Ministers owe to their Country in preference to their own Children The Infant Don Iuan Brother of Sancho the Fourth King of Castille having besieged the Fortress of Tarifa in which Don Alonso Perez de Gusman commanded this General 's only Son fell into the Hands of the Infant the General of the Moors Army The Besieged making a vigorous Defence and the Infant beginning to lose all Hopes of taking the Place he thought fit to expose to their Sight the young Perez as a Victim to be slain if they did not surrender At this sad Spectacle saith Mariana the Father without any Discomposure protested That if he had a thousand Sons he would abandon them all rather than stain his Honour by surrendring the Place And to make good his Words he threw over the Battlements of the Walls a Cuttle-Ax to the Mâ—â—rs to make use of it against his Son if their Design was such and went away to Dinner A little while after hearing the Outcries of the Soldiers who saw their Master's Son executed before their Eyes he ran at the Noise and understanding what was the matter he said with a Majestick Air I thought that the Enemies had entred the Town and returned to â—at with his Wife without discovering so much as any Alteration in his Countenance So well did this Lord worthy to be compared with the greatest Men of Antiquity know how to master the impeâ—uous Motions of Paternal Tenderness From him are descended the Dukes of Medina Sidonia The History of Spain l. 14. c. 16. For my Father his own Fortune will defend him and the Empire 2 These Words seem to contain â— Sense from which we may infer that Germanâ—cus did not refuse the Empire but because it would have been dangerous to accept it the other Armies and the other Provinces being faithful to Tiberius wants not other Armies without this for its Support As I would freely sacrifice my Wife and Children for your Honour so I remove them not at present from you but to hinder you from becoming yet more guilty by the Murder of Augustus's Grand-daughter and the Grand-son of Tiberius and to expiate by my Blood alone the Crime which your Fury is about to perpetrate For what is it you have not dar'd to Enterprize of late What is there so Sacred which you have not presum'd to violate By what Name can I call you Soldiers You who have besieg'd the Son of your Emperour or Roman Citizens who have with so much Insolence contemn'd the Authority of the Senate You have profan'd even the sacred Laws of Nations even the inviolable Persons of Ambassadors 3 To aâ—â—ront Persons who represent Kings saith Cardinal d'Ossat is to offend against the first Principles of the Policy and Maintenance of Human Society Letter 283. even the common Rights observ'd by Enemies 4 A seasonable Reproach given by a Prince or a General of an Army to People who have some Sense of Honour or who begin to feel some Pricks of Repentance is sufficient quickly to reduce them to their Duty and to make them also more affectionate than ever to his Service The Prisoners of the Army of the League of Smalkald imploring the Mercy of Charles the Fifth by calling him their Father Such paâ—ltry Fellows as you said he are no Children of mine and added pointing to his Camp It is these of whom I am the true Father Words which equally augmented the Shame of the Rebels and the Love of the Soldiers of his Army and were the cause that most of the Cities which took part with the League returned to their Obedience and that a certain Count who thought his Repentance was not equivalent to his Fault kill'd himself with his Sword to give an undoubted Testimony of his Fidelity Epitome of the Life of Charles the Fifth by Don Iuan de Vera. The Divine Iulius stiâ—led a Sedition by one single Word when he call'd his Soldiers who were deserting his Service x Tradite nostra viris ignavi signa Quirites Whilst Caesar was preparing for the War of Africa whither Curio and Catâ— Sirnamed Uticensis were retired the Soldiers who saw he stood in need of them thought fit to demand their Dismission not with a design to obtain it but to oblige him for fear of being left without an Army to grant them whatsoever they pretended to But he without any Concern discharged them from their Oath and disbanded them with these Words of Contempt Etenim O Quiâ— rites laboribus vulneribus exhausti estis at which they were so surprized that they threw themselves at his Feâ—â— to beg him to continue them in his Service Dio l. 42. He did an Action of like Resolution at the Battel of Munda in the Kingdom of Granada where seeing the Victory inclining to the Enemy's side he alighted off his Horse and cried out to his Soldiers who gave Ground That as for himself â—e would not give Ground an Inch that they should consider well what they were about to do what a General they abanâ—â—â—'d and in what Necessity Insomuch that being spurr'd on by Shame rather than by Honour they rallied and gain'd the Battel Patercâ—l Hist. c. 55. It was in that Battel that he â—ought for his Life whereas in others he â—ought but for the Victory Rabble The Divine Augustus made his Actian-Legions y After the Battel of Actiuâ— Augustus having
a General of an Army should not have Courage that is void of Iudgment so neither ought he to have too much Flegm or too much Speculation because it is to be feared that the foresight of many Inconveniencies which may happen but which do not may hinder him from attempting Things which would succeed in the Hands of others who are less Speculative and more Daring Politcical Test. par 2. sect 4. c. 9. Arminius a This young Man saith Paterculus was of a robust Constitution had a quick Apprehension and a delicate and penetrating Wit beyond what is to be imagined of a Barbarian Considering that nothing is more easie than to destroy those who fear nothing and that overmuch Confidence is the most ordinary cause of great Misfortunes he communicates his Design at first to very few People but afterwards to many more And this Resolution was so immediately followed with the Execution of it that Varus having neglected the first Advice of Segestes had not time to receive a second from him ch 118. Charles Duke of Burgundy committed the same Error that Varus did and perished like him by refusing to give Audience to a Country Gentleman named Cifron who came to discover to him the Treason of the Count de Campobasso and by not crediting the Intelligence which Lewis the Eleventh sent him by the Lord de Contay his Ambassador in France that this Count was selling his Life Whereby you see saith Commines that God infatuated him on this occasion Memoirs l. 4. â— ult l. 3. c. 6 â— For Segestes though he was drawn into the War by the general Consent of his Country-men yet he liv'd in perpetual Discord with Arminius and the bad Understanding betwixt them was increas'd by a particular Offence for Arminius had taken away by force his Daughter Thusnelda betroth'd already to another Thus the Father-in-Law and Son were equally hateful to each other and those mutual Ties which commonly beget Friendship were now the Provocations to the most bitter Enmity 5 As Princes seldom marry but by Interest not for Love Alliance is so far from being a Band of Friendship betwixt them that it opens a Gap to new Pretensions which grow into Quarrels and afterwards into Wars The last Duke of Burgundy hated Edward King of England and the whole House of York against which he assisted the House of Lancaster whence came his Grandmother by the Mother's side and yet at last he married Margaret Sister to Edward only to strengthen himself against King Lewis the Eleventh But as this Alliance was not made but by State-Interest and that both of them might gain their Ends the Duke notwithstanding hated Edward on whom he made biting Iests and Edward offer'd Lewis to joyn with him and to bear part of the Charges if he would continue the War against the Duke Commines l. 1. c. 5. l. 3. c. 4. l. 4. c. 8 11. of his Memoirs XLIX Germanicus on this Account commanded out Cecina with Four Legions Five thousand Auxiliary Soldiers and some Companies of Germans rais'd in haste from some Places on this side the Rhine He himself conducted a like Number of Legions but double the Number of Allies and having built a Fortress on the old Foundations which his Father had laid and which were yet standing he march'd with great speed against the Catti leaving behind him Lucius Apronius with Order to take care that if the Rivers should overflow by any sudden fall of Rains yet the Ways might be kept in repair and continue passable For in setting forward he found the Waters so very low and the Ways so dry a Thing uncommon in that Climate that he found no difficulty in his March but he feared in his return it might be otherwise He came so suddenly upon the Catti that the old Men the Women and the Children were either kill'd at first or taken Prisoners and the young Men forc'd to swim the River of Adrana b Now the Eder who attempting afterwards to obstruct the Romans in the building of a Bridge over it were repuls'd by their Arrows and their Engines These Hopes failing and their Propositions for Peace being also rejected some of them came over and submitted to Germanicus the rest forsaking their Cantons retir'd into the Fastnesses of their Woods Germanicus having burn'd Martium c Now Marpurg the Capital City of Hesse their Capital Town ravag'd all the Low-lands and took his March backwards to the Rhine the Enemy not daring to attack his Rear as their Custom is when they â—eign to fly rather through Stratagem than Fear The Cherusci d The People of Brunswick and of Thuring were desirous to have succour'd their Friends thâ— Catti but they were apprehensive of Cecina who caâ—ry'd far and near the Terrour of his Arms. On the contrary the Marsi having presum'd to charge him were vigorously repuls'd and entirely routed L. Some time afterwards there came Deputies from Segestes to desire his Assistance against his Country-men who had besieg'd him for Arminius had there the stronger Party because he had advis'd the War 1 As there is nothing subject to greater Iealousie nor more difficult to preserve amongst powerâ—ul Neighbours than Liberty they who advise War appear to have a greater Affection for their Country than those who advise Peace and consequently have more Credit amongst their Fellow-Citizens It was by this Method that Maurice Prince of Orange who looked on the Treaty of 1609. as the Ruine of his Authority in Holland where he aimed at the Sovereignty found means to destroy Iohn Barnevelt who had been the principal Promoter of this Treaty by perswading the People by Pamphlets that this great Man was corrupted by the Spanish Gold and held Intelligence with this King for the reduction of the United Provinces to his Obedience it being the common Practice of Barbarians only to love and esteem those Persons who are Fierce and Daring and more especially in unquiet Times Segestes had added to the Deputies his Son Segimond though the Mind of the young Man was wholly averse to that Employment 2 When a Subject is conscious that he is guilty of Tâ—eason he ought not to trust to the Prince's Clemency if he hath not good Security of it If my Mother was my Iudge said Alcibiades I would not trust her with much greater Reason they who have the Prince for Iudge and Party ought to take good Security before they surrender themselves into his Hands The Cardinal Alphonso Petrucci was no sooner come to Rome but Leo the Tenth caused him to be arrested and afterwards strangled in Prison altho he came thither under the Security of the Pope's safe Conduct whereof the Spaâ—ish Ambassador was Guarantee The Landgrave of Hesse was cheated by the Confidence he reposed in Charles the Fifth with whom he had two Electors and several other Princes of the Empire for Intercessors for the Year in which all Germany revolted being created Priest of
the Altar of the Ubians he tore in pieces his Sacred Fillets e These were peculiar Ornaments of the Priests and went over to the Party of the Rebels Nevertheless confiding in the Clemency of the Romans he undertook the Commission enjoyn'd him by his Father and was well received 3 Sometimes Princes who value themselves upon Gratitude pardon the Children in consideration of Services donâ— by the Fathers or by the Ancestors Charles the Fifth pardon'd Don Pedro Laso who brought him the Message from the Rebels of Tolâ—do because he was the Son of a Gentleman whose Memory was dear to him Philip II. perceiving whilst he was consulting about an Affair with Mat. Vasquez his Secretary of State that a certain Gentleman of his Chamber observed them both with some Curiosity Go tell that Man said he That if I do not take off his Head he is beholden for it to his Uncle Sebastian de Santoio who gave him to me Cabrera's History l. 12. c. 3. and sent afterward under Guard to the Confines of the Gauls Germanicus lost not his Labour by this Return for after some Encounters he disingag'd Segestes from the Hands of his Enemies with many of his Relations and his Vassals There were also some Ladies of Quality and among the rest the Daughter of Segestes who shew'd by her Countenance that he shad more of her Husband's Courage than of her Father's Temper 4 It was much more glorious for Thusnelda to espouse the Interest of Arminius who was the Deliverer of Germany than that of Segestes who was a Traitor to it Traitors have this Misfortune That they are oftentimes hated and contemned by their own Children She walk'd with her Hands folded on her Bosom and seem'd to look downward on the Fruit of her Body with which she was now big without shedding one Tear or saying one single Word or doing one Action which had any thing of a Suppliant There were also carried the Spoils which the Enemies had taken at the Defeat of Varus and which had been shar'd by many of those who were now Prisoners At last appear'd Segestes of a Stature higher than any of the rest with an assur'd Countenance as having been always in the Roman Interest And accordingly he bespoke them in these Terms LI. This Day O Romans is not the first wherein I have begun to give you the Proofs of an inviolable Faith Since the time that the Divine Augustus made me Citizen of Rome I have had neither Friends nor Enemies but yours 1 He obliquely reproâ—ched the Infidelity of Arminius his Rival who having been formerly in the Service of the Romans had obtained as well as himself the Privileges of a Citizen and the Quality of a Roman Knight Assiduus militiae nostrae prioris comes civitatis Romanae jus equeâ—â—remque consecutus gradum sâ—gnitia ducis inoccasionem sceleris usus est Paterc Hist. 2. c. 118. neither have I steer'd this Course out of any Hatred to my Country for Traitors are odious even to them whose Cause they have espous'd f Philip of Macedon being asked whom he hated or loved most I love those very much saith he who will be Traitors to serve me but I as much hate those who have been so The Count de Campobache saith Commines made an Offer to the King Lewis XI by a Physician called Mr. Simon of Pavia that if he would perform some Things which he demanded viz. the Payment of 400 Lances 20000 Crowns in ready Money and a good County he engaged to deliver the Duke of Burgundy into his Hands or to kill him The King had this Man's Wickedness in great Abhorrence and acquainted the Duke of Burgundy with the whole Matter Memoirs l. 4. c. ult l. 5. c. 6. Upon the Count de Campobach's Arrival to the Duke of Lorrain to whom he had sacrificed his Master the Duke of Burgundy the Germans gave him to understand that he should retire and that they would have no Traitors amongst them L. 5. c. 8. I ought not to pass over in Silence the Praises which are due to Elizabeth of England for the handsom Answer which she made to to that Gravesâ—on who gave her an Account of a â—reacherous Act done to the Spaniards at Berg-op-zoom After â—aving gived him a Thousand Crowns for his Pains and his Voyage Return home said she and if I should ever 〈◊〉 in need of a Man who knows how to be a Traitor in perfection I wiâ—â— make use of you Colomma l. 1. of his History of the Wars of Flanders but only because I preferr'd Peace to War 2 Traitors never want Pretexts to colour over their Treason nor specious Reasons to defend it All their Remonstrances are full of those which Tacitus puts in the Mouth of Sâ—gestes There is scarcâ— any Cause so bad which a good Advocate can't colour over and was convinc'd that Peace was the common Interest of both Nations On this Account it was that I accus'd Arminius to Varus who then commanded the Roman Army Arminius I say the Ravisher of my Daughter and Infringer of the Alliance made with you 3 It is common with great Men to revenge their private Quarrel under the Name of the publick Quarrel Segâ—stes accused Arminius to Varus as a Man who hated the Romans and who rendred their Alliance suspected to the Germans The Accusation was true and the Defeat of Varus's Legions confirmed it but the Motive of this Accusation the Merit of which he so extols to Germanicus was not so much an Effect of his Love and his Concern for the Romans as an Effect of the Hatred which he bore to the Ravisher of his Daughter and of the Iealousie which he had to see Arminius more Powerful and more Esteemed than himself in his Country Thus we may apply to Segestes what Paterculus â—aith of the Consul Opimius That he sacrificed the Son of the Consul Fulvius Flaccus who besides his tender Age was innocent to the Hatred that he had born to his Father rather than to the publick Vengeance Visa ultio privato odio magis quam publicae vindictae data Hist. l. 2. c. 7. Tir'd with the Delays and Irresolution of your General 4 Irresolution is the greatest Fault that can be in a General or in any other Man who hath the Management of publick Affairs What Advantage can be taken of Opportunities where Execution is more necessary than Deliberation by a Minister who knows not what to resolve on who fears every thing and who is equally fruitful in Doubts and barren in Expedients Princes have but one good Remedy against Conspiracies which is to prevent the Conspirators and all Princes who have not done it have been overtaken by them In a word Whether in War or in Peace Irresolution is the Ruine of Affairs and oftentimes even worse than a bad Resolution because there is sometimes a Remedy for this whereas the other renders the least Evils incurable
with safety When Ferdinand the Catholick came to take possession of his Kingdom of Spain he said to Doâ— Antonio de la Cueva who notwithstanding he had receiv'd many favours from him preferr'd Philip I. King of Castile before him Whâ— could have thought Don Antonio that you would have abandon'd me on this Occasion But Sir reply'd La Câ—eva who could have thought that a very old King had longer to live than a Young one and that Philip fresh and blooming like a Rose was tâ— wither and die in three days â—Such is the Method of all Courtiers they adore the Rising and turn their backs on the Declining Prince Epitome of the Life of Charles V. and Lib. 3. of the Life of the Great Captain But when Tiberius came to the Empire upon the Extinction of the Family of the Caesars he wheedles Archelaus by his Mother's Letters to come to Rome who not dissembling her Son's displeasure assur'd him withal that he would pardon him upon his Submission 4 Princes who have been neglected despised or persecuted by the Favourites or Ministers of their Predecessors rarely forgive them when they come to reign As soon as the Cardinal Henry of Portugal came to the Throne he abandon'd all the Ministers of King Sebastian and all the Principal Officers of the Crown who little thinking that he who was so old would survive Sebastian who was Young and who had no great Esteen or Affection for him had not paid him that respect which was due to his Rank Hist. of thâ— Union of Protugal with Castile Lib. 3. He not suspecting Treachery or not daring to shew his suspicions if he did for fear of the Emperor's Power hastens to Rome when meeting with a rough Reception from Tiberius and an Accusation against him in the Senate he soon ended his Days whether by a Natural or a Voluntary Death is not certain not that he was believ'd to be conscious of those Crimes charg'd upon him which were meer â—ictions but because he was broken with Age and Grief and a Treatment that is unusual to Kings to whom a Moderate Fortune is unsupportable so little able are they to bear Contempt and Misery 5 Things that are tolerable appear insupportable to Kings and those which are really rough and hard to bear are almost always mortal to them Commines comparing the Evils which Lewis XI had made many persons suffer with those which he suffer'd himself before his Death saith that his were neither so great nor of so long continuance but besides that he was in a higher Station in the World than those he had treated ill the little that he suffer'd against his Nature and against what he was accustom'd to was harder for him to bear And four Pages after speaking of his Physician who handled him in the rudest manner This was saith he a great Purgatory to him in this World considering the Obâ—dience which he had had from so many good and great Men. His Memoirs lib. 6. cap. 12. His Kingdom was reduc'd into the Form of a Province and Tiberius declar'd that by the Addition of the Revenues of it Rome should be eas'd of one half of the Tax of the hundredth Penny e Establish'd by Augustus about the Year 760. 〈◊〉 is â—poken of at the â—nd of the first Book of the Annals impos'd on all Commodities that were sold and that for the future no more than the two Hundredth should be paid The Death of Antiochus King of Comagena and of philopator King of Cilicia which happen'd both about the same time produc'd great disorders in those Nations some desiring to be govern'd by Kings of their own others to be Subject to the Roman Empire The Provinces of Syria and Iudaea groaning under the Burden of Taâ—es petition'd to be discharg'd of part of them XLIV He acquainted the Senate with those Affairs and with the State of Armenia of which I have given an account before telling them withal that the Troubles of the East could not be compos'd without the Presence and Conduct of Germanicus 1 When a Great Man iâ— so belov'd of the People that the Prince is Iealous of him but dares not shew his resentment of it the most common expedient is to give him some remote Government or some splendid Embassy to with-draw him from the Eyes and the Applause of the People under a pretence that none but he is capable of that Employment For if the Prince hath â— Design to destory him he easily finds ways for it by the advantage of his distance which prevents the People from knowing the Orders that he sends who was the fittest Person for this Expedition Drusus being too young and himself in his declining years 2 There are some Employments for which a good Understanding with a long Experience is sufficient but there are others for which vigour of body is also necessary Philibert-Emanuel Duke of Savoy said that a General of an Army ought to be of a middle Age betwixt Manhood and Old Age that he might be capable of being sometimes Marcellus and sometimes Fabius That is to say to know how to wait for Opportunities as the Latter and to fight as the Former Charles V. said of a Count of Feria that by his Prudence 〈◊〉 commandâ—d as a Captain and that his Vigour made him sight as a Common Soldier Epitome of his Life Upon which the Senate decreed Germanicus all the Provinces beyond the Seas with a more absolute Power than those Governors who obtain'd them by Lot or by the Prince's Nomination But Tiberius had first recall'd Creticus Silanus from Syria because he was ally'd to Germanicus 3 There is nothing more dangerous than to give two Neighbouring Governments to two Men betwixt whom there is a Close tye of Kindred Friendship or Interests for it is to give them an opportunity to act by concert and to rebel against the Prince Lewis XI having agreed by the Treaty of 〈◊〉 to give for Appanage to his Brother Charles Champagne Brie and some neighbouring Places was careful enough not to accomplish this Treâ—ty which left him to the Discretion of Charles and of the Duke of Bâ—rgundy For the situation of Champague and Brie was convenient for them both and Charles might upon a Days notice have succours from 〈◊〉 the two Countreys joyning together So that Lewis chose rather to give him Guienâ—e with 〈◊〉 although this Partition was of much greater value than that of Brie and Champagne being resolv'd that his Brother and the Duke should not be so near Neighbours Comminâ—s lib. 2. cap. ult of his Memoirs by the Contract of the Daughter of the Former to Nero the Eldest Son of the Latter and had put Cneius Piso in his Place a Man of a Violent and Untractable temper that inherited all the Haughtiness of his Father Piso who had been so zealous and vigorous a Supporter of the Civil War against Caesar when it was reviv'd in Africk who follow'd the Party
of Brutus and Cassius and who after he had Liberty to come to Rome never vouchsaâ—ed to put in for any Office 4 It is not always a sign of Modesty not to sue for Offices and Honours on the contrary it is often a sign of Pride and Presumption for there are people who have so great an Opinion of themselves that they hold it for a Dishonor to have Competitors and there are others who believe themselves to be so necessary to the State that the Prince will be constrain'd to offer them what they would not ask As Albert Walstein obstinately refus'd the Generalship of the Emperor's Armies that he might be forc'd to accept that which the Extremity of the Affairs oblig'd the Emperor to offer him until he was courted by Augustus to accept the Consulship But he had not only his Father's Spirit but the Nobility and Riches of his Wife Plancina to exalt him f She was the Daughter of Munatius Plancus a Consular Person who is mention'd in the 33 Chapter of the First Book of these Annals insomuch that he would scarce yield to Tiberius and thought himself much above his Sons Nor did he believe that the Government of Syria was given him for any other Reason but that he might be a Check on Germanicus 5 A Governor of a Province who â—nows that another Governor his Neighbour is hated or suspected by the Prince never fails to make his Court at the Expence of his Collegue either by heightning the Suspicions of the Prince or by raising Complaints which may hasten the ruine of him whom they design to sacrifice But besides of what use to Germanicus was that absolute Power which the Senate decreed him since he had an imperious Supervisor that was inflexible and charged with orders altogether contrary to his Commission Germanicus had the Name and Show of Governor and Piso the Power Don Diego de Mendoca speaking of the sending of Don Iohn of Austria into Granada saith that his Commission was so large that it extended to every thing but that his Liberty was so strictly restrain'd that he could dispose of nothing Great or Small without the Consent of those of his Council nor even without an Order from Philip II. The War of Grenada Lib. 2. Cap. 26. Thus most Princes use Great Men who for the most part saith Commines go only to prepare the Feast and commonly at their own Expence and many believ'd that Tiberius gave him secret Instructions to this Purpose It is certain that Augusta out of an Emulation too incident to some of her Sex encourag'd Plancina to teaze and contend with Agrippina 6 A Proud and Imperious Woman as Plancina was never obeys more willingly than when the Prince commands her to mortifie her Rival All Ladies to whom Princes have given the like Commissions have always well acquitted themselves therein The Court was divided by the secret Favour which they had for Germanicus or for Drusus Tiberius loved Drusus as his own Son but others had the greater Affection for Germanicus as well because of Tiberius's Aversion to him 7 There is almost always a certain Antipathy betwixt the Prince and his Subjects whence the Subjects love the Persons whom the Prince hates and he reciprocally loves those who are hated by his Subjects Iâ— the Quarrel which happen'd betwixt Lewis of Bourbon Count of Soissons and Charles of Vaudemont afterwards Duke of Lâ—rain who gave him a Box o' the Ear in the Presence of Lewis XIII every one having declar'd in favour of the Count the King declarâ—d for Vaudement Memoirs of the Reign of Charles IV. Duke of Lorrain by the Marquis of Beauvau as because he was of more illustrious Extraction by the Mother's side by whom Anthony was his Grandfather and Augustus his Great Uncle whereas Pomponius Atticus g Vipsania the Mother of Drusus was the Daughter of Agrippa and Grand-Daughter of Pomponius Atticusâ— the Great Grand-father of Drusus who was no more than a Roman Knight seem'd to Disgrace the Images of the Family of the Claudii Besides Agrippina the Wife of Germanicus had the Advantage of Livia Drusus's Wife in fruitfulness and reputation but this Emulation betwixt their Relations and their Dependants made no manner of Impression on the two Brothers who continu'd Constant and Unshaken in their love 8 If the Children of Sovereign Princes knew what prejudice they do themselves by their Misunderstandings and their Quarrels they would beware of Engaging thereinâ— M. de Guise saith Queen Margaret was not sorry for the Divisions which he saw break out in our Family hoping that he should gather up the Pieces of the broken Vessel Lib. 1. of his Memoirs Anthony Perez saith in one of his Letters that Prince Ruy Goâ—ez said That he knew by his own Experience how much it concerns Courtiers to stop their Ears against Reports and Calumnies if they will keep their Friends and avoid making themselves Enemies The Count de Brion saith M. de Mâ—ntresor suffer'd himself to be prepossed although we were very near Relations and had always liv'd friendly together When I was advertis'd of it I took him aside and acquainted him that I was very well inform'd of what had been told him of me That if Monsieur committed his Secrets to him I should be extremely glad of it but that I thought he ought not to take it ill that his Royal Higness did me the sâ—me honour that in fine it would be shameful for him to suffer himself to be surpriz'd by the Artifices of Persons who had always deceiv'd their Master and to break with his Kinsman and his Friend who had never given him any occasion of complaint He own'd to me that the thing was true and we afterwards liv'd in an entire Friendship XLV Not long after Drusus was sent into Illyria to gain the Affections of the Army and Experience in Arms 1 It is Machiâ—vel's advice That a Prince apply his Mind wholly to the Art of War as being the only one that is of importance for him to understand Ch. 4. of his Prince For States are not preserv'd by Cowardice but by Arms. Non enim ignavia magna Imperia contineri Ann. 15. Philâ—bert-Emanuel Duke of Savâ—y Nephew to Charles V. wrote on a time to Philip II. who was not of a Warlike temper that indeed War was not one of those things that was to be desir'd but that it nearly concern'd great Princes to understand the Management of it and that therefore he ought to be pleas'd to find in the beginning of his Reign an occasion to make War that he might gain betimes the Reputation of a Powerful and a Formidable Prince and might learn although at great Expences what is an Army Squadron Battel Siege Artillery Ammunition Baggage Spies Guides and a thousand Necâ—â—sities which must be provided for Cabrera cap. 1. lib. 4. of his History Tiberius thinking that he would wear off in the Camp 2 There
to the People of Rome their Liberty But the News of his Death incens'd them to that degree that without waiting for the Edict of the Magistrates or the Decree of the Senate they deserted the Courts of Iustice shut up their Houses and made a Vacation In all Places there was either sighing or silence and nothing was affected or done for Ostentation And although they neglected not to mourn in their Habits yet they mourned much more in their Hearts It happen'd that some Merchants who came from Syria before Germanicus dy'd brought with them news of his Recovery which was easily believ'd and quickly spread abroad Every one through joy telling it with some addition to the next he met They run up and down the City force open the Doors of the Temples The Night time made some ready to believe it and others more positive to affirm it Tiberiâ—s thought not sit to put a stop to this False Report but left the People to be undeceiv'd by time and then as if he had been a second time taken from them they lamented him more passionately than before 2 As the People are Excessive in their â—oy so they aâ—e always in their Grief and especially when they have been Tantaliz'd with a False â—oy For according to Cicero False â—oy commonly ends in Desâ—lation and Despair Usâ—ra falsi gaudii 〈◊〉 deinde frangi repente aâ—que 〈…〉 ut nulla â—es ad â—â—uitatem animi postea possit extollere Epist. Lib. 6. LXXXIV Divers honours were invented and decreed to his Memory 1 Nothing demonstrates more how much a Prince hath been beloved than the Extraordinary Honours which are done him after his Death agreeable to the Genius of the Senators or their Affection to Germanicus That his Name should be inserted into the Saliar Hymn which was sung by the Priests of Mars That the Curule Chair should be plac'd for him amongst the Seats of the Priests of Augustus with a Garland of Oak over it That his Statue made in Ivory should be carried the foremost in the Circensian Games That none should be elected Priest or Augur in his Place who was not of the Iulian Family At Rome on the Banks of the Rhine and on Mount Amanus in Syria Triumphal Arches were erected to him with Inscriptions which made mention of his great actions and that he died for the sake of the Common-Wealth A Monument was Erected to him at Antioch p The Romans erected Tombs to Great Men and Illustrious Persons in all Places where they had done some memorable Action although their Ashes were not there nor ever had been there These honorary Tombâ— were call'd Cenotaphia that is to say Empty Sepulchres At Venice those of their Doges and their Generals that are slain in the Service of the Republick are most of them without Bodies For the Doges order their Interment in those Places where their Ancestors rest and afterwards their Children cause Mausolaeums and Statues to be erected in the most frequented Churches of the City as those of the Iacobins and Cordeliers are to perpetuate the Memory of their Dogedom where his Body was burnt and a Tribunal at Epidaphne q The Suburbs of Antioch where he died But the Places where Statues were set up or Altars dedicated to him are almost innumerable When it was decreed that a Buckler of Massy Gold of an extraordinary size r In these Bucklers there was the Effigies of the Person in Relievo And it was one of these Bucklers that Hortalus looked on Hortensâ—i inter Oratores sitam imaginem intuens when he presented his Children to the Senate These Bucklers were ordinarily of Brass and the Head of Silver There is to be seen in the Town-House of Lyons a Silver Buckler of 22 Pounds weight which seems to represent the Generous Action of Scipio who sent back a Beautiful Captive which he had taken and it is the most cuâ—ious piece of Silver that is to be seen Burnet's Voyage into Switzerland 〈…〉 should be plac'd for him among the great Masters of Eloquence Tiberius said that he would dedicate one to him of the Ordinary size and make for Eloquence was not to be distinguished by Fortune and that it was a sufficient Honour for his Son to be rank'd amongst the ancient Authors That which before was call'd the Regiment of Iuniors was by the Knights now named the Regiment of Germanicus who also order'd that on the 15th of Iuly his Statue should be carried in the Head of their Regiment Many of these Orders are yet observ'd but some of them were soon neglected and others are worn out by time LXXXV But whilst this Grief was green Livia the Sister of Germanicus who was married to Drusus had two Sons at a Birth which being a Thing rare and welcome to mean Families was received with such joy by Tiberius that according to his way of turning all things even the most Casual to his Glory he could not refrain from boasting to the Senate that never a Roman of his quality before him had the good Fortune to have two Sons at a Birth s This good Fortune happen'd to Margaret of Austria natural Daughter of Charles V. Wife to Octavius Farnese Duke of Parma Grandson of Pope Paul III and there is a Monument at Rome which preserves the Memory of it as a Fortunate Thing that seldom happens to a Sovereign Family Relicto lapideo ad posteâ—os monumento rarae utique fortunae in regnatrice domo Strada Lib. 9. dec 1. But at this time it had a quite different Effect upon the People who were concern'd at the Increase of Drusus's Family for fear it should depress Germanicus's LXXXVI The same Year the Senate made severe Decrees to repress the Lewdness of Women It was decreed that no Woman should prostitute her self for Money 1 The Debauchery of Women of Quality is of so much more dangerous contagion as it serves for Example to all others Tanto conspectius in se crimen habet quanto major qui peccat habetur saith Iuvenal Had Tiberius suffer'd Vistilia to have led the Infamous Life which she had resolved on all Wives who had been discontented with their Husbands would have taken off the Mask to revenge themselves by dishonouring them How many Women in Paris do glory in living in Debauchery some with Great Men others with Magistrates and most with Abbots a Condition now-a-days consecrated to Gallantry They are ashamed to have a Husband that has no Coach and Pride themselves in having a Gallant with a fine Equipage at the Expence of their Honour whose Grandfather Father or Husband was a Roman Knight because Vistilia a Lady of a Praetorian Family had declared to the Aediles that she would prostitute her self according to a Custom establish'd amongst our Ancestors who thought it a sufficient Punishment for Unchast Women t This Custom is observed at Venice to make this publick Profession of their Infamy Titidius Labeo being question'd
The Emperor Antonine took from the People the Right of vacantia tenere and ordered such Goods to fall to the Prince's Treasure Hodie says Ulpian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Imperatoris Antonini omnia caduca fisco vindicantur In Fragm Tit. 18. But the Informers went farther not only in the City but through all Italy where any Citizens were ruined many Families and frightened all To remedy 3 Since the end of Laws is the preserving Order and the Welfare of Societies a Prince should moderate or repeal them when they are no longer profitable to the publick which Tiberius appointed by Lot five that had been Consuls sive that had been Praetors and as many Senators to explain the Doubts in that Law and by a favorable Interpretation to give the People some Relief for the present XXX About the same time he recommended Nero one of Germanicus's Children then 17 years of Age to the Senate and requested he might be dispenced with for the Vigintivirate q The 〈◊〉 distributed Corn to the People they had the Care of the High-Ways and to see the Money was not altered and be Quaestor five years sooner than the Laws permitted r According to the Laws no Man could be Quaestor till he was 25 years of Age. pretending the same was granted him and his Brother at Augustus's Request s Auguâ—tus to do a popular thing and to give the People an empty shew of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 pretended he wanted their Consent to grant his 〈◊〉 Children a 〈◊〉 he had in his own Poweâ— I doubt not but some then secretly laughed at this These were the beginnings of Caesar's rising the ancient Custom was in every Man's Eye and a less Relation lookt upon 4 The Education Prince's Children have and the Priviledge of their Birth arâ— such Advantages that they ought not to be subject to the Laws of Age because they are ripe for Business sooner than others Whence 't is said Caesaribus virtus contigit antè diem It is impossible says Cardinal Perron but Princes should know every thing for they have the Fruits of their Labours that Study and Learn in a quarter of an hour what a good Wit has laboured for a month Perroniana to be betwixt a Father-in-Law and his Wife's Children than an Uncle and his Nephew t And therefore Tiberius shoâ—ld be more concerned for the Advancement of his Grandson than Augustus for his Wives Children The Pontifical Dignity was also bestowed upon him and the first time he appeared in publick he gave the People a Donative who were joyful to see a Son of Germanicus at full Age. Their Ioy was encreased by his Marrying Iulia Drusus's Daughter 1 Equal Marriages are always liked But if this Marriage was universally approved there were great Discontents upon Claudius's Sons being to Marry Sejanus Daughter 2 Princes of the Blood when they have any thing to obtain commit not so great an Error as some imagine by Marrying the Daughters or Neices of Ministers For besides 't is a means to keep in a Prince's Favour it will also make them great but Ministers that have the Ambition to be Allied to Princes expose themselves very much to Envy and when the Reverse of Fortune comes as it oâ—ten happens they have little Protection from them but for their Interest and when that ceases consider them only as Relations that are Dâ—sâ—redit to them There is also another Reason should keep Ministers from aspiring to this Honour because those Princes are very liable to be suspected by him that Reigns which often falls upon the Minister that is concerned to protect them because of the Relation And the Prince that will be Maâ—ter of all and be chiefly regarded by his Creatures can never love much nor long a Minister that divides his Affection and Complaisance betwixt him and the Princes of the Blood as a Disparagement to him but Sejanns whose Ambition was suspâ—cted was much exalted upon it XXXI The end of this year died two great Men L. Volusius and Sal. Crispus The first of an ancient Family but never in higher Employment than that of Praetor he was made Consul and Censor for chasing Bands of Horsemen he got vast Riches which made that House so great The other was Grandchild to Caius Salustius's Sister the famous Historian whose Name he took by Adoption Though he might easily have got Honours yet after the Example of Mecenas u Paterculus says Mecenas contented himself all his Life with being a Roman Knight without regarding those Dignities he might easily have obtained from Augustus who loved him as well as Agrippa if he had been of a Temper to have desired them Hist. 2. Chap. 88. was never Senator but had greater Power and Authority than many had triumph'd and been Consuls His manner of living was very different from his Ancestors either for his Apparel or Table where the Plenty was such as to be near Luxury He had a Capacity for great Affairs 3 For the most part those that have managed or are capable of managing great Affairs have been Voluptuous Never any Man was more vigilant than Mecenas when the State Affairs required it and never any Man loved Quiet Laziness and the Pleasures of Life more than he So Salust imitated him in all his Virtues and his Vices and very vivacious though he affected to appear heavy and slothful While Mecenas lived he had the second place in the Ministry and the first afterwards He was privy to the Murder of Posthumus Agrippa 4 Sooner or later Princes forbear seeing or at least having a Kindness for those have been Witnesses Accomplices or have assisted them in their Crimes either through Shame or Repentance Voi la Note 3. du Chap. 1. du Liv. 1. and as he grew in years had rather the Name than Power of a Favourite The like happened to Mecenas 5 The â—isgrace of the Chief Ministers is not always an Effect of their ill Conduct The wisest and most moderate lose Favour as well as those who abuse it Mecenas was without â—â—spute one of the best and most understanding Ministers Augustus could have and yet he found his Master loved Change Gonâ—alo Hermandez conquered the Kingdom of Naples and the first Recompence he had was Ferdinand the Catholick gave Ear to all the Complaints and Calumnies of his Enemies and was glad to have an Occasion to reform and preserve his Authority After which calling him into Spain he confined him for 7 or 8 years to his own Estate while he was unblemished he refused him the Commanderic of Leon and then that of Hornaâ—hos vacant at the same time Mariana ch 9. du liv 28. 14. du liv 30. de son Histoire At the end whereof he gives a Commendation of this great Captain in these words He had says he a very beautiful Personage and was altogether the bravesâ— and happiest Warriour Spain has bred a long time The Ingratitude he met with added to
or Dictator and yet by that Name 8 New Titles great Men take give them often a sorâ— of Title to uâ—urp States that belong not to them Paul Emiliâ—s observes very well that the Title of Prince of France which Charles Martel took instead of Stewaâ—d of the King's House was the â—â—rst â—â—ep to raise his Family to the Throne The Constable of Moâ—tmorâ—nâ—y shewed good Policy when he opposed the Guiseâ— that would have taken the Name and Arms of the House of Anjoâ— from which they were descended by Yoland of Anjoâ— their Great Grandfather of their Mother's side because this new Name would have strengthen'd their old staâ—e Preâ—ension so Cardinal d'Ossat calls it Letter 123. to Provence And for the same Reason when Hâ—nry 4. gave the young Duke of Guise that Government the Chancellor Chivergny protested in full Council against it and would have his Protestation registred in the Parliamâ—nts of Paris and Aâ—x before he would seal the Letters-Patents Memoirs de Chivergny 1594. The The Duke d'Oliverez first Minister of Spain soon repented making the Duke of Braganza General of the Portuguese which new Power together with the Right he had to the Crown was a Step to get it him had a Sovereignty e We may observe here the Dexterity of Aâ—gustus when he quitted the odious Name of Triumâ—â—â— he tool that of Consul Consulem se fereâ—s Aâ—â— 1. But when the Triâ—â—nes of the People oppos'd the Consuls and disâ—â—â—â—d their Authority by the Right they had to protest against the Procâ—â—dâ—ng of the Senate and by the Prerogative of their Dignity which made 〈…〉 Sacred and Inviolable Augustâ—s who saw the Consulate distinguish'd 〈◊〉 from other Consuls resolves to make himself Tribune by vertue 〈…〉 oppose the Resolutions of other Magistrates and none of 〈…〉 So 〈◊〉 out of two Offices that sprung fâ—om Liberty which he 〈…〉 to deâ—end ad tuâ—â—dam plebem Trâ—bunitio jure conâ—entum he made 〈…〉 and perpâ—tual Dictator as absolute as Iâ—lius Caesar but less 〈…〉 he plâ—ased the people with the Title of Tribune A 〈…〉 Years as Tacitus observes Aâ—n 1. above the other Magistrates He chose M. Agrippa for his Associate and after his Death Tiberius Nero that his Successor might be known thinking thereby to restrain the Unlawful Hopes of some others trusting to Nero's Modesty and his own Greatness Aâ—ter his Example Tiberius advanced Drusus while Germanicus liv'd he carried himself indifferently between them His Letters began with a Prayer to the Gods to prosper his Counsels for the Good of the Common-wealth then added a few Words and those truly of his Son's Behaviour That he had a Wife and three Children and of his own Age when Augustus called him to that Honour neither could it be said this was precipitately done but after he was tryed eight years had suppress'd Seditions ended the Wars triumphed and had been twice Consul LVIII As the Senate expected this Demand so their Flattery was the more Artificial but they could think of nothing more to decree than that their Princes Images Altars to the Gods Temples Arches and such customary Honours should be erected for him Only M. Silanus by dishonouring the Consulate thought to do Honour to the Princes and propos'd that Publick and Private Acts should be dated for the Future not from the Consuls but Tribunes And Q. Haterius moving the Decrees of that Day should be writ in Gold Letters was laugh'd at 1 The higher a Man is in Dignity the more shameful is Flattery in him but especially if he be in such a station as makes it his Duâ—y to preserve and maintain the Auâ—hority of the Laws It was pâ—easant to see Iames 〈◊〉 who called Henry III. of France the Saint of Saints harangued the Parliament and say he deserved Canonization better than any the Kings of France his Predecessors though he abandon'd the Government of his Kingdom to his Favourites Iournal de son Regne that an old Man to his shame should fall into such filthy Flattery LIX At this time the Government of Africa was continued to Iunius Blaesâ—s Servius Maluginensis a Priest of Iupiter desir'd that of Asia saying It was a Mistake to think the Priest of Iupiter might not go out of Italy there was no other Law for them than the Priests of Mars and Quirinus and if these had govern'd Provinces why not they That neither the Laws nor Ceremonials 2 The Clergy have always been ingenious in finding Reasons or rather Pretences to exempt themselves from their most indispensable Duties Residence was so strictly observed by the Roman Priests that Seneca says their Priests were like Exiles that could never quit the Place of their Punishment Quosdam exilia quosdam sacerdotia uno loco tenent De tranquillitate vitâ—â— Visus est sibi quis says Artemidorus ad firmamentâ—m templâ— Neptuni catena alligatus esse factus est sacerdos Neptuni oportâ—bat enim ipsum inseparabilem esse sacerdotem Lib. 5. de somniorum eventibus sommio 1. A Pagan looks upon his Priesthood as an indissolvable tie upon him that conâ—ines him for his Life to Neptune's Temple yet the Christian Priests and Prelaâ—es make no scruple of spending all their Lives in a manner from their Churches without doing the State any Service Filii hominum usquequo gravi corde were against it That the High Priest had often oâ—ficiated for the Priest of Iupiter when sick or employ'd in publick Affairs That after Cornelius Merula died there was no Man in his Place for 62 Years 3 A Fault is a Fault though it has lasted a long time and consequently a Prince should not lose an occasion to remedy it when he finds one and yet the Rites wasted not And if his Creation could be omitted so many years without interruption to the Sacrifices how much more easily may he be absent a Year with the Proconsulary Dignity Formerly they were forbid by the High Priests out of Ill-Will now Thanks to the Gods the High Priest was the best of Men 4 The Priesthood and Sovereignty are so far from being incompatible in the same Person that on the contrary one is a strengthning of the other so Tacitus observes of the Kings of the Iews amongst whom Honor sacerdotii firmamentum potentiae assumebaâ—ur Hist. 5. not subject to Emulation Malice or private Affection 5 There is no Quality more essentially necessary in a Pope than to be a Common Father All Popes have equally this Title but do not equally perform their Duty The Partiality they all have one for this Crown another for that never fails to produce ill Effects As it is impossible a Partial Pope should be Iust 't is likewise impossible those Princes should have any Reverence for him who suffer by his Partiality Besides those he favours often reap no other Fruit from it than War with their Neighbours What made the League betwixt Henry II. of France and Paul IV. but the loss of the
extraordinary Example of Modesty that is followed by few or no Princes oâ— great Men who often take the Honor of that to themselves that has cost them nothing In Innocent X's time S. Peter's Church in Rome was called S. Peter's Dove-Coat to expose the ridiculous vanity of this Pope that set up his Arms there in a thousand Places Eutropius said Constantine called the Emperor Hadrian The Pellitory of the Wall because his Name was writ every where This Vanity is now very common 'T is seen upon the Walls upon the Glass upon the Hangings and even upon the Altars I speak not of Kings Princes or other great Men but Upstarts and Citizens whose Arms we meet with every where On this Occasion he much commended Sejanus to whose Vigilance he imputed it that the Fire did no more mischief and the Senate Decred Sejanus's Statue should be erected in the Theatre LXXIV A little after when Tiberius honoured Iunius Bloesus Proconsul of Africa with a Triumph he said he did it in regard to Sejanus whose Uncle he was yet Blaesus had deserved those Honours For Tacfarinas thoâ— routed several times rallied his Troops together in the middle of Africk and had the Insolence to send Ambassadors to Tiberius to require a Country for himself and his Army or else threatned perpetual War 'T is said Tiberius was never in greater Passion for any Affront to him or People of Rome than to have a Traitor and Robber deal with him like a just Enemy 1 A Prince should never admit his Rebel Subject to treat with him for besides that it is an Example of dangerous consequence 't is iâ— some measure making a Subject his equal or independent Robert de la Marck says Don Iuan Antonio de Vera came a third time into Germany from whence he was driven by the Emperor's Captains for Charles V. would never march in Person against this Rebel who deserved only Contempt remembring what Herodotus writ of the Slaves of Scythia that had taken Arms against their Masters and made Head against them in the Field being proud of the regard had to them in going against them as just Enemies but when their Masters laid down their Arms and took Scourges and Rods to meet them these Wretches submitted when they saw the Contempt their Masters had for them Dans l'Epitome de la Vie de Charles Quint. Spartacus after he had with Impunity harrassed Italy defeated so many Consular Armies and burnt so many Towns was never Capitulated with tho' the Commonwealth was then weakned with the Wars of Sertorius and Mithidrates and when the City is in a flourishing Condition shall she make Peace with Tacfarinas a Robber and give him Lands He committed this matter to Blaesus with order to promise Pardon to those would lay down their Arms and to take their Captain what Rate soever he cost him LXXV Most of his Men accepted Pardon and made War upon him in the like manner as he had done upon others For as he wanted strength and understood pillaging better than they he commonly divided his Army into several Parts would fly when attacked and draw the Romans into Ambuscades if they pursued Their Army was divided into three Parts one of which was commanded by Cornelius Scipio Blaesus's Lieutenant who was to march where Tacfarinas wasted the Leptins and the Retreats of the Garamantes Blaesus's Son led another Body to keep the Cirtensians from joyning him The General marched in the middle erecting Castles and Fortresses in â—itting Places which brought the Enemy into great Streights For which way soever he went he found the Roman Forces in his Front on his Flanks or his Rear and so had many killed or taken Afterwards Blaesus divided these three Bodies into several Parties the Command of which he gave to Captains of Experienced Courage And when Summer was over he drew not his Men out of the Field and sent them into Winter-quarters in Old Africa a So they called at Rome that part of the Province the Romans gained from the Carthaginians as was usual but as if it had been the beginning of War having built new Forts he followed Tacfarinas with light Horsemen that were well acquainted with those Desarts who daily changed his Quarters b The Latin calls them Mapâ—lia poor little Hutts till his Brother was taken then retired with more speed than was for the quiet of the Country leaving those behind him might revive the War But Tiberius concluding it ended allowed Blaesus the Honour to be saluted Emperor by the Legions An ancient Honour victorious Armies formerly gave their Generals upon the first transports of their Ioy. And had sometimes several Emperors together all of equal Dignity Augustus granted some of his Captains this Honour and Tiberius at last to Blaesus LXXVI This year two great Men died Asinius Saloninus Nephew to M. Agrippa and Pollio Asinius and Brother to Drusus c He was the Son of Vipsania Agrippa's Daughter Tibâ—rius's first Wife and Drusiâ—'s's Mother designed to have been Married to one of Germanicus's Daughters and Capito Ateius who was mentioned before and had raised himself by his Studies to the highest Dignity in the City but his Grandfather Sullanus was only a Centurion and his Father Pretor Augustus hastened him the Consulship that by the Dignity of that Office he might be preferr'd before Labeo Antistius 1 'T is very usual for Princes to advance one Man thereby to lessen another of greater Merit they hate For this Reason Philip II. of Spain preferr'd almost in every thing the Prince d'Eboli before the Duke d'Alva At the beginning of the Regency of the late Queen Mother of France Cardinal Mazarine continued thâ— Seals to the Chancellor Segnier who was hated both by him and the Regent that he might have a Man of Wit and Quickness to oppose to M. de Chasteauneuf that pretended to them and to the Dutchess of Chevrâ—use who laboured all she could to have brought her Adorer and Martyr into the Ministry So the Regent called M. de Chasteauneuf Memoires de M. de Chasâ—re who was not inferiour to him For that Age had these two great Ornaments of Peace together but Labeo was most esteemed by reason of his Freedom 2 How good soever Princes are they never love those who want Complaisance Majesty is so used to Respect that whatever savours of Freedom is insupportable There are few Princes like Stephen de Battor King of Poland who gave the rich Palatinate of Sandomir to Staniâ—â—as Pekoslawski who when he was Deputy from that Province to the Diet always opposed him Pekoslawski said Stephen when he named him to the Palatinate Is a very bad Deputy but very good Soldier A memorable Example says the Bishop of Preâ—â—ilz of Generosity and Moderation and the more Commendable because this Prince valued his Merit when he had cause to hate his Person Piajecki dans sa Cronique What Pope Iulius III. did in savour
which to be Eminent was to be suspected a great Name and an ill one being equally dangerous VI. He went hence to Rome to commence a Magistrate and married Domitia Decidiana a Lady of a Noble Family which Match was not only a Credit but an Advantage to his Rise They mightily agreed and lov'd mutually preferring each other a Point of no great Consequence only a good Wife is as great an Ornament as a bad one is a blemish to her Husband 'T was his Lot as Questor to have Asia his Province and Salvius Titianus Pro-Consul but he was corrupted by neither tho' a greedy Pro-Consul and a wealthy Province a fit Prey for the Avaricious might easily have made way for a mutual Connivance Here his Family to his great Support and Comfort was recruited with a Daughter having lost his Son a little before The time between his being Questor and Tribune of the People nay the Year of his Tribuneship he past in Ease and Quietness well understanding the Temper of Nero's Court where to do nothing was Policy the same was the Course and Silence of his Pretorship He executed no Iudicial Office he managed Plays and other pompous Vanities by a Temper of Reason and Liberality the farther from Excess the nearer to Credit He was appointed by Galba to Revise the Gifts and Riches of the Temples who by a diligent Scrutiny preserv'd the Commonwealth from being sacrilegiously pillaged by any but Nero. VII The next Year severely wounded him and his Family Otho's Fleet loosly roving along the Coasts wasted Intemelium a part of Liguria and killed his Mother at her Farm which they spoiled and plunder'd of its Wealth the occasion of her Murder Going to perform his last Act of Piety Agricola was acquainted by an Express that Vespatian pretended to the Empire with whom he immediately sided At first Mutianus was at the Head of Affairs and governed the City Domitian being very young and making no use of his being the Son of an Emperor but to live licentiously Mutianus sent Agricola to take Musters which he did with Integrity and Courage And understanding that their present Lieutenant behaved himself seditiously â—e gave him the Command of the Twentieth Legion which was hardly brought to take an Oath to Vespatian A Legion formidable and too much for the Lieutenant-Generals but wholly ungovernable by their own Tho' 't was a Question whether he was too weak or they too stubborn Agricola was elected for his Successor and Revenger but he with rare Moderation wou'd rather seem to find than make them good VIII At this time Vectius Bolanus was Lieutenant of Britain who was of too mild a Disposition for so fierce a People Agricola check'd the Ardor of his aspiring Spirit fearing it should increase for he had learned perfect Obedience and to act honestly to his Advantage In a little time Petilius Cerialis was Lieutenant-General here Now he had Space and Opportunity to give frequent Proofs of his Courage and Conduct Cerialis first made him Share of his Toyl and Danger then of his Glory Oftentimes for an Experiment letting him Command a small Party and as he came off a greater Agricola never boasted of his Performance but ascribed all the Honour of the Action to his Superior Officer Thus by a vertuous Submission and a Modesty in speaking of himself he lived without Envy but not without Praise IX Returning from being Lieutenant of the Legion Vespatian made him a Patrician and with the Hopes of being Consul which was design'd him gave him the Government of Acquitane a Command of the first Rank and Dignity It has been the Opinion of many that Military Wits are not so refined and polished Martial Proceedings being more coarse and blunt rather the Work of the Hand than Head not using the Acuteness and Subtility of Civil Courts Yet Agricola bred a Souldier by a natural Prudence lived easily and fairly with those Sharpers of the Law Now he had set times for Business and Diversion when he was on the Bench and to give Iudgment he was grave intent severe but oâ—tenest merciful if consistent with his Duty Afterwards there was no Sign of his Authority for he put off his Austerity State and Rigour and what was seldom to be met with his Kindness did not abate his Power nor his Severity the Love of his Subjects I should injure the Character of this Great Man should I tell how free he was from Corruption or Bribery He never would purchase Fame which good Men are fond of by â—lie Arts or confident Boasting He neither emulated his Collegues nor contended with the Procurators knowing to be overcome was a Shame and to conquer no Honour He continued three Years in his Government but was recalled with a Prospect of being Consul returning with the Opinion of all that he was designed for Britain because he was most â—it not that any thing that dropped from him could occasion the Report Fame does not always mistake but sometimes makes a good Choice during his Consulship he was so kind as to promise me his hopeful Daughter and when it was ended our Marriage was consummated He was immediately made Governor of Britain to which was annexed a Pontificial Dignity X. Many Writers have described the Situation and Inhabitants of Britain which I shall do not to vie with them in Wit and Care but because it was now first totally subdued That which our Predecessors adorned with their Eloquence I shall faithfully relate Of all the Islands that are known to the Romans Britain is the largest It s Eastern Parts lie towards Germany its Western towards Spain its Southern against France there is no Land to be described on the North but an open and wide Sea that continually beats upon the Shoar Livy the most Eloquent of the Ancient and Fabius Rusticus of Modern Authors have compared its Figure to an Oblong Dish or an Ax. That is its Shape indeed of this side Caledonia and therefore Fame has applied it to the whole But there is a vast enormous Tract of Land that by Degrees grows narrower and narrower like a Wedge the Roman Fleet first doubling this Point affirmed Britain to be an Island and at once discovered and conquered the Isles of Orkney 'till that time unknown Thyle too at a distance it descried hid hitherto in Snow and Winter The Sea here is said to be sluggish and stiff to the Oar not subject to be agitated by Winds I suppose because the Continent is far off and the Mountains upon it but few which are thought to be the Source and Nurseries of Winds and Tempests Whereupon so continued a Mass of deep Water is difficult to be put into Motion To enquire into the Nature of the Sea and Tides is not my Business it being done by others but this I shall say The Empire of the Sea is no where more absolute proudly carrying Rivers of Water hither and thither and doth not only ebb and â—low but forces its passage into
Augustus Ib. Visits the Antiquities of Thebes 251 Is Honoured with a small Triumph 257 Falls Sick 264 His Recovery and Relapse Ibid. His last Letter 265 His last Discourse 266 His last Advice to his Wife 268 His Death 269 His Praise Ib. His Parallel with Alexander 269 His Death reproached to Tiberius and the Empress 279 Universally lamented 280 299 His Name Sung by the Salian Priests 281 His Statues and Altars Ibid. His Regiment 282 His Sister brought to Bed of two Boys to the great Displeasure of the People and why 282 His Wife comes to Rome with his Urn. 290 His Funeral Ibid. Compared with the Funeral of his Father 293 His Death differently reported 310 Gracchus Sempronius Adulterer with Iulia a Wiâ—e of Tiberius his Death 105 H. Haterius offends Tiberius by an imprudent Question 41 Obtains his Favour by the Protection of the Empreâ—â— 42 43 His Invective against Luxury 201 A Flatterer 361 Reprov'd by Tiberius 363 Helvius Rufus a common Soldier had the Civic Crown given him by Tiberius 313 Haemus a Mountain 340 Heniochians a People of Asia 263 Hercules The Egyptians say the true Hercules was of their Country 251 Hircania of Macedonia overturn'd by an Earthquake 231 Hortalus Grandson of Hortensius the Orator addresses himself to the Senate to be relieved in his Poverty 208 209 The Inclination of the Senate causes Tiberius to reâ—use him 210 The Senate thereupon Murmurs 212 Tiberius to Conteâ—t them gives a certain Sum of Money to the Children of Hortalus Ibid. I. Iâ—dus Iulius deâ—eats â—lorus 343 Iunia Sister of Brutus her Testament Death and Funeral 383 384 Inguiomer Arâ—iâ—ius his Nephew draws her into the Revolt against the Romans 119 The Advice of the Uncle preferred before that of the Nephew 131 Both of them beaten by Cecina in one Battle 132 And by Germanicus in another 180 Inguiomer abandons Arminius whom he would not obey 225 And joyns with Maroboduus his Nephewâ— greatest Enemy ib. Iews Are commanded to renounce their Superstitious Ceremonies or to go out of Italy 283 284 Iulia Daughter of Augustus her Misery and Death 104 Iulia Daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina her Birth 240 Iunius the Regiment called by his Name takes the Name of Germanicus in honour of that Prince 282 K. Kings first governed Râ—mâ— L. Labio esteemed for his freedom of Speech 382 Lentulus a Man of Authority the Soldiers will kill him why 62 Lepidus a Triumvir 7 Degenerates through idleness 28 Is deceived by Augustus 31 Lepidus Marius desends his Sister 314 Accused as a Coward and beggarly 331 The Senate of a contrary Opinion sends him into Asia 331 332 Lepidus Marcus judged worthy of the Empire by Augustus 40 Excuses himself from being Proconsul 330 Pleads for Priscus 350 Libo Drusus accused of plotting against the State 194 No body found that will undertake his Defence 198 Implores the Mercy of Tiberius but in vain ib. Kills himself 200 Several Opinions concerning him ib. Livia Wife of Augustus causes Agrippa to be banished 10 Suspected to have poisoned her Husband 14 The Iulian Family 23 Flattered by the Senate and lessened by her Son 43 An Enemy to Agrippina 74 Gives too much Authority to Urgulania her Favourite 204 Complains of L. Piso. ib. Vexes Agrippina by the Wife of Cn. Piso. 223 Privately protects Plancina 304 Iâ— dangerously ill 369 Affronts Tiberius 369 Law Iulian against Adulterers 235 Law of High-Treason revived by Tiberius â—39 It s Progress 141 A Supplement in all Accusations 339 Laws Oppian broke by the Women 333 Their Rigour moderated 334 Law Papia Poppâ—â— against Celibacy 319 Moderated 326 Laws Sumptuary neglected 352 355 Laws Agrariae blamed by those who made them 30 Laws their Original 320 Their Number infinite when the Commonwealth is corrupt 324 Lollius M. deâ—eated in Germany 3â— Accused as the Author of Cai. Caesar's Sedition and Lewdness 349 Lucilius a Centurion slain by reason of his Violences 57 Lueius Son of Agrippâ— declared Prince of the Youth and designed Consul 9 His Death ib. Luxury 2 Senators demand Reformation of it 201 Another opposes it and his Advice preferred 202 The Ediles desire the Senate to prevent it 352 The Senate refer it to the Prince ibid. His excellent Answer 353 By degrees leâ—t off in the Reign of Galba 358 The ancient Frugality returned in the time of Vâ—spasiâ—â— 359 M. Macedonia discharged of the Proconsular Government 148 Romans ill Success against it 242 Alexander valiant but exceeded by Germanicus in Clemency Temperance c. 271 Formidable to the Atheniâ—â—â— 255 Magi and Astrologers banished out oâ— Italy 201 Magnesia a City of Asia overturn'd by an Earthquake 221 Receives Succour from Tiberius ib. Mâ—lovendus General of the Marsâ— surrenders himself to the Romans and declares the place where one of the Eagles of the Legions of Varus was kept 191 Malaginensis a Priest of Iupiter dâ—sited the Government of Asia 361 Tiberius his Answer 3â—â— Example for Bishops Reflect 2 ib. Marcellus Nephew of Augustus râ—is'd being young to the Dignity of Pontificate and Edile â— Marcellus Granâ—us Praetor of Bithinia accused of High-Treason 142 And of Mismanagement of the publick Treasure 145 Marcomanni People of Germany plundered by Catualdâ— 254 Maroboduus King of the Suâ—vi the Semnons and Lombards â—evolt from him 225 He demands Succour from Tiberius against Arminius 229 His Retreat into Italy where setting too great Value on his Life made him contemptible 256 Marsi People of Germany conquered by the Romans under the command of Germanicus 101 Beaten by Cecina 113 Pillaged again by Germanicus 19â— Marsus Vib. disputes with another Senator the Government of Syria 271 Summons Piso to give an account of his Actions to the Senate 277 Martia a Secret which she reveals to the Empress costs her Husband his Life 16 Martina a famous Poisoneâ— Favourite of Planâ—ina sent to Rome 272 Her sudden Death 296 Martius P. Astrologer put to Death 201 Martium Capital City of the â—atti burnt by Germanicus 113 Mazippas Head of the Moors joins with Tacfarinas to War against the Romans 237 Meâ—â—â—on his Statue gives an articulate sound when struck with the Rays of the Sun 252 Menmâ—us Mareschal de Camp by a couragious Resolution reduces the Soldiers to their Obedience 82 Merulas Cornelius 362 Messalinus Coâ—ta his Advice against the Memory of Libo 200 Messalinus Valer. defends the Women 333 His Discourse seconded by Drusus 335 Myrinâ— a City of Asia overturned by an Earthquake 231 Musa Aemilâ—a her Possessions confiscated given by Tiberius to Emillus Lâ—pidus Musulans a powerful and warlike Nation in Aâ—rica war against the Romans under the command of Tacâ—arinas 236 N. Nero dispensed with for the Vigintivirate 326 Pontifical Dignity bestowed upon him 327 His marrying Iulia. encreased the Ioy of the Roman people ib. Naupâ—rtum a Municipal City plundered 53 Nile its Mouth consecrated to Hercules 251 Lakes cut in the Ground to receive its Waters 252 〈◊〉 the City where Augustus died 16 Numa established Divine Worship 321
O. Occâ—a the Superiour of the Vestals 284 Octavius Father of Augustus both die in the same City and in the same Chamber 27 Odrusians revolt 340 Oracles their Answers always doubtful 241 Otho Iun. from a Schoolmaster made Senator by Seiaâ—â—s 371 Ovation the Nature of it Vide Note 2. 311 P. Pacuvius P. Commander of a Legion 277 Peace amongst stubborn Nations those who advise Peace have never much Credit given to them 113 Under a Tyrant War to be preferred before it 345 Pâ—ndus Vice-Praetor of Maesia 260 Parsa Consul his Death 30 Pedo commands Germanicus his Cavalry against Arminius 119 Perceâ—â—ius a private Soldier causes the Legions of Paâ—â—onia to revolt 47 Killed by order of Drusus 68 Philadelphis overturned by an Earthquake 231 Philopator King of Cilicia 220 Phraatâ—s sends most of his Children to Augustus for a Pledge of his Faith 162 Piso Cn. offends Tiberius by his Liberty 145 Advises to leave Tiber in the condition it is in 154 Would have the Senate dispatch Business in the Prince's absence 20â— Is made Governor of Syria 222 So proud that he looked upon the two Sons of Tiberius as his Inferiors ib. Is put into the Government to break the Designs of Germanicus ib. Blames Germanicus 242 Inveighs against the Athenians why ib. Is assisted by Germanicus in a great Danger but makes no acknowledgment of it 243 Corrupts the Military Discipline ib. Disobeys Germanicus 245 Insults him at a Feast 246 And changes all his Orders in Syria 263 Stops the Rejoycings which the People of Antiâ—ch made for the recovery of Germanicus 264 Who suspect that he poison'd him ib. Retires from Syria 265 Rejoices insolently for the Death of Germanicus 273 Strives to regain the Government of Syria 276 Gives up his Arms to Sentius 279 Goes to seek Drusus 296 Comes to Rome 298 Accused before the Consuls 299 Consented that the Emperour should take cognizance of it himself and why 299 Iudged by the Senate ib. Abandoned by his Wife 304 His Death ib. Contents of his last Letter 306 Which clears his Son of Treason ib. Who hath all his Fathers Estate 308 Piso L. inveighs against the Advocates 204 Commences a Law Suit against the Empress's Favourite ib. Appointed Advocate for Cn. Piso 299 Is for banishing Silâ—nus 373 Plancina her Riches puff up Piso 222 The Empress orders her to teaze Agrippina the Wife of Germanicus 223 Her Exercises not suitable to her Sex 243 Her insolent Discourses ib. Her Ioy at Germanicus's Death 273 Pardoned by Augustâ—'s means 304 Tiberius speaks for her 307 The People complain of it ib. Planâ—us Mâ—nalus Consular departed from the Senate to Germanicus in danger of being killed 84 Pliny the Historian what he says of Agrippina 133. Pomponius Flaccus Vice-Praetor of Maesia deceives Rhescuporis King of Thrace 261 Poverty when it proceeds neither from Luxury nor Debauch it ought to be relieved by the Prince 146 232 Without Reproach a Credit rather than Disgrace 371 Praetors Tiberius will not augment the Number settled by Augustus 43 A Senator proposes to nominate 60 at a time for 5 years instead of 12 yearly 206 Tiberius perceives the cunning 207 Pretexta what it is Vide Note h. 9 Priest of Iupiter when sick officiated for by the High Priest 362 His Place vacant 62 years ib. Must be absent from Rome but two days c. 377 Priests The Priests of Augustus 106 281 369 The Solian Priests or Priests of Mars 281 The Titian Priests 106 Priscus Luterius accused for composing an Elegy for Drusus 350 Lepidus spoke for him ib. Only one of the Consuls agreed with Lepidus 351 Priscus carried back to Prison and suffered ib. Publicus a Temple of Flora built by the Aediles Publicus and Lucius 234 Pyrrhus King of Epirus formidable to the Romans 255 Is advertised by them that his Physician would poison him 286 Q. Quirinus Publ. accuses his Wife of a supposititious child c. 314 His Age and means of Birth made him not a fit Husband for her 316 His Employs Death and Funeral 348 349 His Memory not agreeable to the Senate ib. R. Religion The Mysteries of Religion ought not to be divulged 148 All the Rites of it in the Cities of Italy subject to the Roman Empire 377 Remius lets Vonones go and after kills him 263 Revolt of the Cities of Gallia 341 Revolt of Arminius 109 Revolt of the Legions of Pannonia 46 It s Beginning ib. It s Progress 48 c. And End 69 70 Rhoemetalces succceeds to part of his Father's Estate 262 Rhescuporis Augustus divides Thrace between Rhescuporis and Cotys his Nephew 258 After the Death of Augustus Rhescuporis ravages the Land of Cotys ib. Invites him to an Interview makes him Prisoner 258 259 After kills him 260 Flaccus seizes him sends him to Rome where he is degraded 261 262 Is carried to Alexandria where he is slain 262 Rhine separates in Batavia as into two Rivers 171 Rome its Kings Vid. Notes 1 It s Dictators Vid. Note c. 2 Its Decemvirates Vid. Note d. 3 It s Military Tribunes 3 4 Its Tyrants Cinna Sylla and Caesar 4 Beautified by Augustus 29 It s multitude of Laws 324 As fatal to them as their Crimes 320 Rubrius accused of Perjury 142 Tiberius causes him to be absolved from it ib. Ruâ—illa Anna imprisoned for reproaching a Senator 337 Rufus Aufidienus Mareschal de Camp a rigorous observer of Military Discipline 54 Ruâ—us Trebellianus Tutor of K. Cotys his Children 262 340 The Thracians complained of him ib. S. Sabinus â—ontinues in the Government of Mesia 154 Sallustius Minister of State to Tiberius sends the order to kill young Agrippa 19 Says that a Prince ought never to reveal the Counsels of his Ministers ib. Stops the counterfeit Agrippa 215 216 His Death and Commendation 327 Sardis a City of Asia overturned by an Earthquake and assisted by Tiberius who remitted all their Taxes 230 231 Sanctuaries their Abuse 364 Reasons for them 365 366 The Senates Order 367 Sacrovir Iul. incensed Gallia to rebel 341 Fights for the Romans to betray them 342 Made himself Master of Angiers 343 His short Harangue 345 Is beaten and kills himself 347 Scaurus Mamercus offends Tiberius by the hopes he gave that Tiberius would accept the Empire 41 c. 316 330 371 Salonius Asinius his Death 381 Scribonia Augustus his first Wife 196 Scribonius L. Consul 161 Segestes a German Lord discovers the Plot against the Romans to Farus 109 Demands Succour from Germanicus against Arminius 113 His Harangue to Germanicus 115 His Daughter Wife of Arminius Prisoner of War 114 Brought to Bed of a Son 117 Segimer Brother to Segestes surrenders himself voluntarily to the Romans 138 His Son with difficulty obtains his Favour and why ib. Segimond Son of Segestes scruples to go find Germanicus and why 113 His Father asks pardon for him 117 Sâ—janus goes into Pannonia with Drusus Son of Tiberius 58 Foments the Hatred of Tiberius and the Empress against Agrippina 135 Cheats Cneius