very_o forceable_a as_o issue_v from_o that_o which_o nature_n herself_o do_v if_o not_o command_v yet_o at_o least_o commend_v unto_o we_o as_o the_o more_o honest_a of_o which_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o which_o afford_v abundance_n of_o matter_n for_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a and_o therefore_o the_o hebrew_n do_v not_o precise_o tie_v themselves_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o right_a line_n that_o be_v express_v in_o the_o law_n but_o comprehend_v under_o they_o many_o degree_n that_o be_v not_o there_o mention_v by_o a_o manifest_a parity_n of_o reason_n the_o name_n whereof_o with_o they_o be_v these_o the_o mother_n of_o his_o mother_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o mother_n father_n his_o father_n mother_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o father_n father_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o father_n father_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o mother_n father_n his_o son_n wife_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o son_n son_n the_o wife_n of_o his_o daughter_n son_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o son_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o son_n son_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o daughter_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o daughter_n son_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o wife_n son_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o his_o wife_n daughter_n daughter_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o wife_n father_n mother_n the_o mother_n of_o his_o wife_n mother_n father_n that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o the_o roman_a dialect_n all_o grandmother_n and_o great_a grandmother_n the_o grand_a and_o great_a grand-mothers-in-law_n the_o nephew_n and_o niece_n daughter_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o son-in-law_n the_o nephew_n wife_n and_o the_o wife_n mother_n and_o grandmother_n because_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o the_o kindred_n on_o the_o mother_n side_n as_o for_o that_o on_o the_o father_n and_o so_o under_o the_o first_o degree_n be_v comprehend_v the_o second_o and_o under_o the_o second_o the_o three_o beyond_o which_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o any_o controversy_n shall_v arise_v which_o may_v otherwise_o proceed_v in_o infinitum_fw-la now_o these_o law_n together_o with_o that_o which_o prohibit_v brother_n and_o sister_n to_o marry_v one_o another_o the_o hebrew_n reckon_v among_o those_o which_o god_n give_v unto_o adam_n which_o be_v these_o son_n the_o six_o precept_n give_v by_o god_n to_o adam_n and_o noah_n son_n first_o that_o enjoin_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n second_o that_o command_v the_o ordain_v of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n three_o that_o against_o the_o shed_n of_o innocent_a blood_n four_o that_o against_o image_n or_o idol-worship_n five_o that_o against_o rapine_n and_o sixthly_a this_o against_o incest_n yet_o so_o that_o this_o last_o be_v not_o to_o be_v in_o force_n till_o the_o world_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o mankind_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n can_v not_o be_v avoid_v neither_o do_v they_o think_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o moses_n make_v no_o relation_n of_o any_o such_o law_n give_v to_o adam_n forbid_v such_o marriage_n for_o he_o think_v it_o sufficient_a tacit_o to_o couch_v it_o in_o the_o law_n itself_o wherein_o he_o declare_v that_o the_o nation_n be_v punish_v for_o these_o very_a sin_n which_o they_o can_v not_o just_o have_v be_v have_v there_o not_o be_v a_o law_n give_v they_o that_o do_v forbid_v they_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n record_v in_o the_o law_n not_o in_o order_n of_o time_n but_o as_o occasion_v serve_v to_o express_v they_o it_o will_v nothing_o avail_v then_o to_o say_v that_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n be_v not_o sin_n because_o there_o be_v no_o law_n against_o they_o before_o moses_n for_o no_o more_o be_v there_o any_o law_n then_o extant_a to_o punish_v adultery_n with_o death_n posterius_fw-la gen._n 38.24_o no_o law_n extant_a to_o punish_v incest_n rape_n or_o adultery_n yet_o we_o find_v these_o punish_v before_o moses_n in_o the_o story_n of_o thaâ—ar_n dinah_n and_o reuben_n in_o the_o jewish_a law_n there_o be_v neither_o prius_fw-la nor_o posterius_fw-la yet_o we_o find_v thamar_n sentence_v to_o death_n for_o it_o by_o judah_n so_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o sichemite_n by_o simeon_n and_o levi_n be_v just_a for_o ravish_v their_o sister_n dinah_n though_o we_o read_v of_o no_o law_n then_o publish_v against_o it_o and_o the_o incest_n of_o reuben_n deserve_v his_o father_n curse_n though_o the_o law_n forbid_v it_o be_v not_o record_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_o condemn_v in_o this_o that_o the_o nation_n be_v cast_v out_o by_o god_n for_o these_o thing_n whereby_o it_o may_v probable_o be_v conclude_v that_o god_n have_v give_v such_o law_n to_o mankind_n before_o moses_n his_o time_n though_o they_o be_v but_o obscure_o glance_v at_o by_o he_o and_o indeed_o the_o jew_n have_v a_o notable_a wise_a say_n which_o give_v some_o light_n to_o those_o dark_a time_n namely_o that_o in_o their_o law_n there_o be_v neither_o prius_fw-la nor_o posterius_fw-la first_o nor_o last_o for_o many_o thing_n be_v recite_v without_o order_n as_o touch_v the_o marriage_n of_o brother_n and_o sister_n the_o very_a word_n of_o michael_n ephesius_n be_v these_o for_o brother_n and_o sister_n to_o lie_v together_o be_v at_o the_o first_o indifferent_a but_o when_o there_o be_v a_o law_n that_o forbid_v such_o coition_n then_o whether_o that_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v or_o not_o be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v and_o therefore_o diodorus_n siculus_n note_n 1._o lib._n 1._o that_o to_o abstain_v from_o such_o commixture_n be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o all_o man_n the_o egyptian_n only_o except_v though_o dion_n prusaeensis_n except_v also_o the_o barbarian_n seneca_n write_v thus_o we_o say_v he_o join_v the_o god_n in_o marriage_n but_o with_o very_o little_a piety_n for_o we_o marry_v together_o brother_n and_o sister_n leg._n l._n 8._o de_fw-fr leg._n plato_n call_v such_o marriage_n profane_a and_o abominable_a before_o god_n whereby_o we_o may_v discern_v how_o mean_a a_o opinion_n other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o jew_n have_v of_o these_o incestuous_a marriage_n which_o they_o seldom_o mention_v without_o a_o nefas_n to_o testify_v their_o dislike_n of_o they_o all_o brother_n and_o sister_n as_o well_o on_o the_o mother_n side_n as_o on_o the_o father_n side_n that_o be_v as_o well_o of_o the_o half_a as_o whole_a blood_n be_v comprise_v within_o this_o law_n whether_o they_o be_v educate_v at_o home_n or_o abroad_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o chaldee_n paraphra_v fourteen_o remote_a degree_n seem_v not_o forbid_v now_o these_o marriage_n be_v express_o forbid_v seem_v to_o justify_v or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o tolerate_v those_o in_o more_o remote_a degree_n for_o to_o marry_v a_o aunt_n that_o be_v his_o father_n sister_n be_v express_o prohibit_v but_o yet_o to_o marry_v his_o brother_n daughter_n which_o be_v equal_a in_o degree_n be_v not_o such_o be_v sarah_n to_o abraham_n as_o josephus_n think_v 76._o think_v hist_o l._n 12._o jos_n ant._n hist_o lib._n 12._o and_o lib._n 76._o nay_o there_o be_v diverse_a precedent_n for_o this_o among_o the_o jew_n and_o after_o the_o law_n give_v the_o same_o josephus_n give_v we_o example_n in_o herod_n who_o marry_v his_o brother_n daughter_n and_o give_v his_o own_o daughter_n to_o his_o brother_n pherotas_n there_o be_v certain_a marriage_n late_o contract_v say_v tacitus_n which_o to_o we_o be_v strange_a though_o not_o so_o with_o other_o nation_n because_o forbid_v by_o no_o law_n namely_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v marry_v his_o brother_n daughter_n this_o be_v hold_v lawful_a among_o the_o athenian_n as_o isaeus_n and_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o lysias_n record_n whereof_o the_o jew_n give_v this_o reason_n because_o young_a man_n do_v daily_o frequent_v and_o be_v more_o usual_o bring_v up_o in_o their_o grandfather_n and_o grandmother_n house_n among_o their_o aunt_n than_o their_o aunt_n be_v in_o their_o brother_n among_o their_o nephew_n neither_o have_v they_o there_o so_o much_o right_o which_o if_o we_o do_v admit_v as_o it_o be_v indeed_o very_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n than_o we_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o law_n which_o interdict_v marriage_n with_o kindred_n in_o the_o right_a degree_n and_o with_o sister_n from_o whence_o spring_v the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n at_o first_o be_v now_o perpetual_a and_o oblige_v all_o man_n be_v ground_v upon_o natural_a honesty_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v against_o this_o law_n may_v be_v make_v null_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o impediment_n that_o be_v last_a and_o permanent_a but_o what_o be_v do_v against_o other_o law_n be_v not_o so_o as_o be_v but_o cautionary_a against_o this_o which_o may_v be_v otherwise_o provide_v against_o sure_o i_o be_o sister_n marriage_n of_o two_o sister_n that_o by_o the_o nineteenth_o canon_n of_o those_o that_o be_v call_v the_o apostle_n they_o that_o
notwithstanding_o the_o child_n do_v natural_o owe_v reverence_n can_v not_o by_o her_o descent_n make_v the_o marriage_n void_a no_o nor_o the_o father_n of_o a_o freeman_n and_o if_o the_o father_n himself_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o own_o father_n than_o the_o consent_n of_o both_o father_n and_o grandfather_n be_v require_v to_o the_o son_n marriage_n but_o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o daughter_n the_o grandfather_n consent_n alone_o suffice_v which_o difference_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v evident_o prove_v that_o they_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o natural_a but_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o find_v in_o sacred_a story_n that_o many_o holy_a man_n and_o much_o more_o ult_n virgin_n not_o to_o choose_v husband_n for_o themselves_o 1_o cor._n 7.36_o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr abrah_n c._n ult_n woman_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o modesty_n and_o bashfulness_n ought_v especial_o in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o other_o have_v in_o contract_a marriage_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o parent_n non_fw-la est_fw-la virginalis_fw-la pudoris_fw-la eligere_fw-la maritum_fw-la it_o become_v not_o a_o virgin_n modesty_n say_v ambrose_n 2._o ambrose_n grat._n c._n 32._o q._n 2._o to_o choose_v a_o husband_n for_o herself_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o esau_n marriage_n declare_v null_a nor_o his_o child_n hold_v as_o illegitimate_a because_o in_o his_o marriage_n he_o have_v not_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o parent_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o to_o daughter_n the_o chief_a power_n of_o dispose_v they_o be_v in_o the_o father_n so_o in_o euripides_n hermione_n my_o nuptial_a i_o to_o parent_n care_v alone_o commit_v for_o free_a choice_n therein_o have_v i_o none_o but_o as_o to_o son_n if_o we_o respect_v strict_a and_o natural_a right_n that_o of_o quintilian_n will_v be_v find_v true_a that_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o son_n at_o any_o time_n to_o do_v thing_n otherwise_o unreprovable_a without_o yea_o against_o his_o father_n will_n sure_o that_o liberty_n be_v never_o more_o justifiable_a than_o in_o marriage_n for_o as_o cassiodore_n true_o observe_v durum_fw-la est_fw-la libertatem_fw-la liberam_fw-la non_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o matrimonio_fw-la 4._o lib._n 7._o c._n 4._o unde_fw-la liberi_fw-la procreantur_fw-la to_o be_v debar_v of_o our_o free_a choice_n in_o matrimony_n from_o whence_o our_o child_n shall_v be_v bear_v be_v hard_o 5._o ter._n andr._n act._n 1._o sc_fw-la 5._o nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o a_o son_n in_o his_o marriage_n shall_v please_v himself_o xi_o it_o be_v a_o void_a marriage_n that_o be_v contract_v with_o another_o wife_n or_o husband_n that_o marriage_n that_o be_v contract_v with_o another_o man_n wife_n be_v doubtless_o null_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n unless_o her_o former_a husband_n have_v dismiss_v she_o for_o so_o long_o do_v his_o power_n last_o over_o she_o which_o by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n be_v not_o dissolve_v but_o by_o death_n the_o latter_a marriage_n therefore_o be_v null_a for_o want_v of_o a_o moral_a power_n in_o the_o woman_n to_o dispose_v of_o herself_o which_o be_v lose_v by_o her_o former_a marriage_n do_v vitiate_v all_o those_o subsequent_a effect_n that_o attend_v it_o because_o every_o act_n be_v but_o the_o invade_v of_o another_o right_n so_o likewise_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o same_o law_n a_o marriage_n contract_v with_o the_o husband_n of_o another_o woman_n be_v alike_o void_a by_o reason_n of_o that_o power_n that_o christ_n give_v a_o chaste_a wife_n over_o the_o body_n of_o her_o husband_n xii_o of_o marriage_n between_o kindred_n concern_v marriage_n between_o such_o as_o be_v near_o ally_v or_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n many_o difficult_a question_n arise_v which_o be_v often_o with_o much_o zeal_n and_o animosity_n agitate_a on_o both_o side_n because_o he_o that_o shall_v undertake_v to_o assign_v certain_a and_o natural_a reason_n why_o these_o marriage_n that_o be_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n thus_o forbid_v be_v unlawful_a shall_v experimental_o find_v how_o hard_o nay_o how_o impossible_a it_o be_v to_o effect_v it_o that_o allege_v by_o plutarch_n in_o his_o roman_a question_n by_o st._n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la by_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n and_o by_o st._n chrysostome_n on_o 1_o cor._n 13.13_o as_o the_o contract_n of_o new_a friend_n and_o the_o strengthen_n ourselves_o with_o new_a alliance_n savour_v more_o of_o policy_n than_o true_a piety_n nor_o be_v they_o of_o that_o force_n and_o energy_n as_o to_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a act_n to_o be_v either_o unlawful_a or_o void_a whereunto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o some_o case_n there_o may_v be_v wherein_o such_o prohibit_v marriage_n may_v be_v more_o profitable_a and_o politic_a than_o other_o politic_a the_o marriage_n of_o kindred_n sometime_o profitable_a and_o politic_a as_o may_v be_v collect_v not_o only_o from_o that_o which_o god_n himself_o in_o his_o law_n give_v to_o the_o jew_n except_v of_o raise_v seed_n to_o a_o decease_a brother_n have_v no_o issue_n but_o from_o that_o also_o of_o a_o virgin_n leave_v by_o her_o father_n as_o sole_a heir_n of_o all_o his_o estate_n who_o by_o the_o grecian_a and_o hebrew_n law_n be_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o preserve_v the_o name_n and_o estate_n in_o their_o own_o tribe_n and_o family_n and_o from_o many_o such_o like_a case_n which_o do_v or_o may_v occur_v but_o yet_o from_o this_o general_a rule_n why_o incestuous_a marriage_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o we_o must_v except_v the_o marriage_n of_o parent_n with_o their_o child_n in_o what_o degree_n soever_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v sufficient_o evident_a for_o neither_o can_v the_o husband_n who_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matrimony_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o wife_n pay_v that_o respect_n and_o reverence_n that_o nature_n bind_v he_o to_o give_v to_o his_o mother_n nor_o the_o daughter_n to_o her_o father_n for_o though_o she_o be_v subordinate_a to_o her_o husband_n by_o matrimonial_a right_n yet_o do_v her_o marriage_n allow_v she_o so_o great_a a_o familiarity_n with_o her_o husband_n as_o be_v altogether_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o child_n paulus_n the_o lawyer_n be_v in_o the_o right_n when_o have_v saâ—d_v before_o that_o in_o contract_a marriage_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o modesty_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v regard_v he_o add_v that_o it_o be_v against_o modesty_n for_o a_o man_n to_o take_v his_o own_o daughter_n to_o be_v his_o wife_n and_o philo_n in_o his_o special_a law_n condemn_v it_o as_o a_o execrable_a wickedness_n to_o pollute_v the_o bed_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n which_o as_o a_o thing_n sacred_a ought_v not_o to_o be_v touch_v and_o without_o regard_n to_o either_o the_o age_n or_o the_o reverence_n of_o a_o mother_n name_n to_o make_v himself_o both_o son_n and_o husband_n to_o the_o same_o woman_n and_o to_o make_v she_o both_o mother_n and_o wife_n to_o the_o same_o man._n wherefore_o such_o marriage_n be_v doubtless_o not_o illegal_a only_o but_o void_a by_o reason_n of_o something_o that_o be_v vicious_a which_o perpetual_o cleave_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v that_o argument_n of_o diogenes_n and_o chrysippus_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o cock_n and_o such_o like_a dumb_a creature_n sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o such_o commixture_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n jâ—â—it_fw-la that_o be_v unlawful_a which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o humane_a nature_n lib._n 2._o contr._n jâ—â—it_fw-la for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o conclude_v any_o thing_n unlawful_a that_o it_o be_v repugnant_a though_o but_o to_o humane_a nature_n this_o be_v that_o incest_n which_o the_o lawyer_n paulus_n and_o papinian_n write_v to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n commit_v between_o the_o degree_n ascendent_a and_o descendent_a and_o this_o be_v that_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o as_o xenophon_n note_n be_v no_o less_o a_o law_n because_o it_o be_v contemn_v by_o the_o persian_n mede_n indian_n and_o aethiopian_n for_o which_o they_o be_v punish_v with_o perpetual_a war_n parricide_n fratricide_n as_o philo_n first_o and_o after_o he_o st._n hierome_n observe_v for_o as_o michael_n ephesius_n well_o interpret_v it_o that_o be_v natural_a which_o be_v of_o common_a use_n among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v uncorrupted_a and_o that_o live_v most_o agreeable_a unto_o nature_n and_o therefore_o hippodamus_n the_o pythagorean_n call_v these_o incestuous_a commixture_n inordinate_a and_o unnatural_a lust_n unbridled_a passion_n and_o abominable_a pleasure_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o parthian_n whereof_o lucan_n thus_o complain_v epulis_fw-la vesana_fw-la meroque_fw-la regius_fw-la non_fw-la ullos_fw-la exceptos_fw-la legibus_fw-la horret_fw-la concubitus_fw-la with_o
parent_n to_o love_v their_o child_n than_o for_o child_n their_o parent_n and_o that_o also_o of_o aristotle_n that_o which_o beget_v be_v always_o better_o affect_v to_o the_o thing_n beget_v than_o that_o which_o be_v beget_v can_v be_v to_o the_o begetter_n for_o that_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v our_o own_o which_o derive_v its_o be_v from_o we_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o without_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o first_o succession_n to_o the_o good_n of_o the_o parent_n be_v transmit_v to_o their_o child_n it_o be_v presume_v that_o next_o after_o themselves_o they_o will_v that_o those_o bear_v of_o they_o as_o be_v part_n of_o their_o own_o body_n shall_v be_v plentiful_o supply_v with_o all_o thing_n not_o only_o necessary_a for_o life_n but_o for_o a_o more_o honest_a and_o comfortable_a livelihood_n insomuch_o that_o be_v all_o humane_a law_n asleep_o yet_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n observe_v will_v natural_a reason_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a law_n adjudge_v the_o father_n inheritance_n unto_o his_o child_n and_o invest_v they_o in_o it_o as_o their_o due_a by_o a_o undoubted_a succession_n but_o yet_o as_o papinianus_n note_n can_v parent_n claim_v the_o estate_n of_o their_o child_n by_o the_o same_o right_n as_o child_n do_v the_o inheritance_n of_o their_o parent_n for_o parent_n be_v admit_v to_o their_o child_n good_n mere_o out_o of_o commiseration_n but_o child_n to_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o parent_n by_o the_o common_a vote_n that_o be_v both_o of_o nature_n and_o of_o their_o parent_n philo_z in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o life_n of_o moses_n give_v this_o reason_n why_o moses_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o parent_n out_o of_o their_o child_n estate_n because_o see_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v provide_v that_o child_n shall_v succeed_v their_o parent_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o not_o parent_n their_o child_n therefore_o do_v moses_n pass_v over_o in_o silence_n what_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o desire_n of_o all_o parent_n and_o may_v prove_v unlucky_a hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o parent_n descend_v upon_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n partly_o as_o a_o mere_a debt_n of_o nature_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o their_o parent_n that_o their_o own_o child_n shall_v be_v best_o provide_v for_o 9_o lib._n 5._o c._n 9_o sanguini_fw-la honorem_fw-la relinquit_fw-la say_v val._n max._n of_o quintus_n hortensius_n his_o honour_n he_o bequeath_v to_o his_o blood_n for_o though_o he_o detest_v the_o wicked_a life_n of_o his_o son_n yet_o die_v ne_o ordinem_fw-la naturae_fw-la confunderet_fw-la non_fw-la nepotes_fw-la sed_fw-la filium_fw-la haeredem_fw-la scripsit_fw-la to_o preserve_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n he_o make_v his_o son_n and_o not_o his_o nephew_n heir_n to_o his_o estate_n think_v it_o enough_o that_o he_o have_v declare_v his_o dislike_n of_o his_o son_n ill_a manner_n while_o he_o live_v and_o therefore_o die_a ib._n ib._n he_o leave_v he_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o his_o blood_n the_o like_a he_o record_v of_o fulvius_n who_o cause_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v apprehend_v for_o conspire_v his_o death_n do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o prosecute_v he_o while_o he_o live_v but_o die_v dominum_fw-la omnium_fw-la esse_fw-la voluit_fw-la quem_fw-la genuerat_fw-la haeredem_fw-la iâ—â—â—ituens_fw-la non_fw-la quem_fw-la fuerat_fw-la expertus_fw-la make_v he_o heir_n of_o all_o he_o have_v regard_v his_o birth_n and_o blood_n and_o not_o his_o crime_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n child_n do_v not_o lay_v up_o for_o their_o parent_n 12.14_o 2_o cor._n 12.14_o but_o parent_n for_o their_o child_n vi_o of_o representative_a succession_n now_o because_o it_o be_v thus_o natural_a and_o ordinary_a for_o parent_n to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o child_n education_n therefore_o while_o they_o live_v there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n upon_o the_o grand_a parent_n to_o give_v they_o maintenance_n yet_o in_o case_n the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n die_v or_o be_v otherwise_o disable_v than_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n which_o in_o all_o equity_n the_o parent_n of_o the_o decease_a son_n or_o daughter_n be_v oblige_v unto_o to_o see_v their_o nephew_n or_o niece_n virtuous_o bring_v up_o and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o duty_n incumbent_a on_o the_o parent_n of_o more_o remote_a degree_n if_o these_o fail_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o the_o nephew_n to_o inherit_v the_o estate_n instead_o of_o a_o decease_a son_n as_o ulpian_n speak_v which_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o hebrew_n saying_n filius_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o sepulchro_fw-la succedit_fw-la that_o the_o son_n succeed_v though_o in_o his_o grave_n because_o filii_fw-la filiorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la silij_fw-la the_o son_n of_o that_o dead_a son_n be_v repute_v son_n and_o as_o modestinus_n speak_v shall_v fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a place_n of_o their_o dead_a father_n justinian_n think_v nothing_o more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o that_o the_o nephew_n shall_v succeed_v instead_o of_o the_o decease_a father_n in_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o grandfather_n in_o case_n he_o die_v intestate_a and_o this_o kind_n of_o vice-succession_n our_o modern_a civilian_n do_v affect_o call_v representative_a when_o the_o son_n claim_v a_o estate_n by_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o their_o father_n be_v dead_a and_o that_o that_o manner_n of_o right_n be_v approve_v of_o among_o the_o hebrew_n the_o division_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n among_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v as_o our_o son_n and_o daughter_n be_v near_a unto_o we_o in_o blood_n so_o be_v those_o who_o be_v bear_v of_o either_o of_o they_o as_o demosthenes_n observe_v in_o his_o oration_n against_o macartatus_n vii_o abdication_n or_o exheredation_n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n arise_v from_o our_o conjecture_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a be_v of_o force_n if_o there_o appear_v no_o certain_a sign_n that_o he_o be_v otherwise_o mind_v such_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v among_o the_o grecian_n a_o abdication_n or_o a_o manifest_a renounce_n or_o cast_v off_o of_o the_o person_n claim_v and_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o open_a disinherit_n of_o he_o yet_o so_o that_o if_o that_o person_n do_v not_o by_o his_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n he_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v nature_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a viii_o the_o right_n of_o bastard_n and_o here_o we_o may_v add_v another_o exception_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n that_o be_v if_o it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o such_o a_o son_n or_o daughter_n be_v beget_v by_o he_o but_o yet_o we_o know_v that_o of_o such_o matter_n of_o fact_n there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n but_o of_o such_o act_n as_o be_v public_o do_v before_o man_n there_o may_v be_v some_o certainty_n upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o behold_v they_o in_o which_o sense_n the_o mother_n may_v be_v certain_a that_o the_o child_n be_v she_o by_o those_o who_o be_v present_a at_o its_o birth_n and_o education_n but_o thus_o certain_o can_v a_o father_n be_v which_o homer_n first_o and_o after_o he_o menander_n thus_o intimate_v know_v direct_o no_o man_n can_v from_o what_o stock_n himself_o first_o spring_v and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n he_o thus_o distinguish_v between_o the_o parent_n father_n do_v love_v their_o child_n mother_n dote_v she_o know_v they_o she_o but_o this_o he_o take_v by_o rote_n therefore_o some_o way_n be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v find_v whereby_o it_o may_v probable_o appear_v who_o the_o father_n of_o every_o child_n be_v and_o this_o be_v marriage_n take_v in_o its_o natural_a term_n that_o be_v for_o such_o a_o cohabitation_n as_o place_v the_o woman_n under_o the_o custody_n or_o safeguard_n of_o the_o man_n but_o whether_o by_o this_o or_o some_o other_o way_n the_o true_a father_n of_o the_o child_n be_v know_v or_o that_o any_o man_n do_v own_o the_o child_n as_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o child_n as_o well_o as_o that_o bear_v in_o marriage_n shall_v inherit_v neither_o be_v this_o strange_a see_v that_o we_o see_v mere_a stranger_n be_v adopt_v for_o son_n to_o succeed_v in_o the_o jnheritance_n only_o by_o conjecture_n at_o the_o owner_n will_n and_o the_o nephew_n instead_o of_o the_o father_n as_o old_a jacob_n adopt_v ephraim_n and_o manasses_n into_o the_o number_n of_o his_o son_n in_o the_o stead_n of_o their_o father_n joseph_n but_o our_o natural_a issue_n be_v difference_v from_o our_o legitimate_a by_o law_n only_o so_o euripides_n bastard_n no_o less_o than_o those_o in_o wedlock_n bear_v be_v we_o although_o by_o law_n
principal_o rely_v for_o in_o persia_n that_o xerxes_n the_o postnate_a son_n be_v prefer_v before_o artabazanes_n the_o antenate_n be_v more_o by_o the_o power_n of_o atossa_n his_o mother_n than_o by_o true_a right_n as_o herodotus_n observe_v for_o in_o the_o same_o kingdom_n when_o the_o same_o controversy_n afterward_o arise_v between_o artaxerxes_n mnemon_n and_o cyrus_n the_o son_n of_o darius_n and_o parisardis_n artaxerxes_n the_o first-born_a though_o beget_v by_o his_o father_n in_o his_o private_a condition_n be_v notwithstanding_o salute_v king_n unless_o we_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o ammianus_n have_v deliver_v unto_o we_o that_o the_o succession_n to_o that_o monarchy_n do_v much_o depend_v upon_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n confine_v only_o within_o the_o royal_a stock_n xxx_o whether_o the_o nephew_n by_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n it_o be_v no_o less_o dispute_v both_o by_o war_n and_o single_a combat_n whether_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n his_o father_n be_v dead_a shall_v succeed_v before_o the_o second_o brother_n but_o this_o in_o a_o lineal_a descent_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o dispute_n for_o herein_o be_v the_o dead_a reckon_v as_o live_v in_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o transfer_v a_o right_n to_o their_o child_n therefore_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a shall_v doubtless_o in_o such_o a_o succession_n be_v prefer_v without_o any_o exception_n make_v to_o his_o age_n yea_o and_o where_o the_o succession_n be_v cognatical_a the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o uncle_n because_o in_o such_o succession_n neither_o sex_n nor_o age_n shall_v make_v we_o to_o decline_v the_o right_a line_n but_o in_o such_o kingdom_n as_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o divisible_a there_o shall_v each_o have_v a_o share_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o right_a of_o representation_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o receive_v as_o of_o old_a among_o many_o of_o the_o german_a prince_n for_o it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a that_o nephew_n have_v be_v admit_v before_o their_o uncle_n but_o where_o it_o once_o come_v into_o debate_n sure_o the_o nephew_n case_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v as_o be_v most_o please_v to_o humane_a nature_n and_o where_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o any_o nation_n representative_a succession_n be_v once_o open_o admit_v there_o the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a brother_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o his_o father_n though_o in_o that_o law_n the_o word_n proximus_n that_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n be_v only_o mention_v the_o reason_n that_o be_v extract_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n for_o this_o be_v but_o weak_a as_o be_v evident_a to_o such_o as_o inspect_v they_o but_o this_o be_v the_o best_a reason_n that_o in_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o be_v favourable_o understand_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n must_v be_v extend_v to_o all_o propriety_n not_o only_o vulgar_a but_o artificial_a so_o that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o son_n may_v be_v comprehend_v those_o of_o adoption_n and_o under_o the_o word_n dead_a may_v in_o include_v those_o that_o be_v dead_a in_o law_n because_o the_o law_n do_v usual_o speak_v thus_o and_o thus_o he_o may_v deserve_o be_v say_v to_o be_v proximus_n who_o the_o law_n present_v in_o the_o next_o degree_n but_o yet_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v hereditary_a and_o withal_o individual_a and_o where_o this_o representative_a succession_n be_v not_o exclude_v neither_o be_v the_o nephew_n always_o prefer_v to_o the_o succession_n nor_o always_o the_o second_o son_n but_o as_o among_o equal_n because_o by_o a_o effect_n of_o right_n as_o to_o degree_n that_o be_v adequate_a his_o case_n be_v best_a that_o be_v elder_a 6._o diod._n l._n 6._o for_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o hereditary_a kingdom_n succession_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o privilege_n of_o age_n among_o the_o corinthian_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n do_v succeed_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n 3._o procop._n vand._n lib._n 3._o so_o among_o the_o vandal_n it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o next_o in_o blood_n to_o the_o first_o king_n and_o the_o elder_a shall_v be_v declare_v heir_n so_o that_o the_o second_o son_n because_o of_o his_o maturity_n of_o year_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n 24._o vid._n sup_v §._o 24._o so_o in_o sicily_n robert_n be_v the_o second_o son_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n before_o martell_n his_o elder_a brother_n son_n not_o proper_o for_o the_o reason_n fancy_v by_o bartolus_n because_o sicily_n be_v hold_v in_o fee_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o superior_a lord_n but_o because_o that_o kingdom_n be_v hereditary_a there_o be_v in_o guntanus_n a_o ancient_a example_n of_o such_o a_o succession_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o franc_n but_o that_o proceed_v rather_o from_o the_o people_n choice_n which_o at_o that_o time_n do_v not_o full_o cease_v but_o since_o that_o kingdom_n cease_v to_o be_v elective_a and_o that_o the_o line_n of_o agnatical_a succession_n be_v there_o establish_v the_o matter_n admit_v of_o no_o dispute_n as_o ancient_o among_o the_o spartan_n where_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la the_o same_o agnatical_a succession_n be_v introduce_v and_o therefore_o areus_n the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n cleonymus_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n before_o his_o uncle_n but_o even_o in_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n the_o nephew_n have_v be_v prefer_v as_o in_o england_n john_n the_o nephew_n of_o king_n edward_n by_o his_o elder_a son_n be_v prefer_v before_o hemon_n and_o thomas_n which_o also_o be_v settle_v by_o law_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n xxxi_o whether_o the_o young_a brother_n live_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n elder_a brother_n son_n by_o the_o same_o distinction_n we_o may_v resolve_v another_o doubt_n between_o the_o survive_a brother_n to_o the_o last_o king_n and_o the_o son_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n but_o that_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o many_o place_n where_o among_o child_n the_o live_a may_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o dead_a in_o the_o right_a line_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o transverse_n but_o where_o the_o right_o be_v not_o clear_a and_o undoubted_a it_o be_v most_o rational_a to_o incline_v to_o that_o part_n which_o favour_v the_o child_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o father_n because_o we_o be_v thereunto_o guide_v by_o natural_a equity_n namely_o in_o that_o estate_n which_o descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n neither_o be_v it_o any_o impediment_n that_o justinian_n call_v the_o right_a of_o brother_n child_n depredatory_a for_o this_o he_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n but_o not_o to_o natural_a equity_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o other_o case_n propose_v by_o emanuel_n costa_n xxxii_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a brother_n or_o even_o his_o daughter_n he_o say_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n this_o be_v true_a not_o in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n only_o but_o even_o in_o a_o hereditary_a in_o such_o kingdom_n where_o representative_a succession_n take_v place_n but_o not_o in_o such_o kingdom_n which_o in_o express_a term_n do_v bind_v we_o up_o to_o the_o degree_n that_o be_v natural_a for_o there_o they_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v which_o have_v the_o precedency_n of_o sex_n and_o age._n xxxiii_o the_o nephew_n by_o the_o son_n prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n he_o further_o add_v that_o the_o nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n it_o be_v true_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o sex_n yet_o with_o this_o exception_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o nation_n which_o even_o among_o child_n respect_v only_o the_o degree_n xxxiv_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n before_o the_o elder_a from_o the_o daughter_n he_o far_o add_v that_o the_o young_a nephew_n from_o the_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_n from_o the_o daughter_n which_o be_v likewise_o true_a where_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n be_v in_o use_n but_o not_o in_o a_o hereditary_a without_o the_o warrant_n of_o some_o special_a law_n neither_o do_v we_o approve_v of_o the_o reason_n allege_v namely_o because_o the_o father_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o other_o for_o that_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o dignity_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a and_o descend_v no_o far_o and_o yet_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o read_v that_o ferdinando_n the_o son_n of_o berengaria_n the_o young_a sister_n of_o king_n henry_n decease_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n
before_o blanch_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o the_o same_o king_n but_o this_o as_o mariana_z note_n be_v do_v in_o hatred_n to_o the_o house_n of_o france_n into_o which_o blanch_n marry_v â—xxv_n the_o niece_n from_o the_o elder_a son_n prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n that_o which_o he_o add_v as_o seem_v to_o he_o most_o probable_a namely_o that_o the_o niece_n from_o the_o elder_a son_n exclude_v the_o young_a son_n can_v hold_v in_o hereditary_a kingdom_n although_o representative_a succession_n be_v there_o in_o force_n for_o that_o give_v only_o a_o capacity_n to_o succeed_v but_o of_o those_o that_o be_v capable_a regard_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o sex_n xxxvi_o the_o sister_n son_n prefer_v before_o the_o brother_n daughter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n the_o sister_n son_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o brother_n daughter_n and_o as_o mariana_n observe_v it_o be_v credible_a that_o in_o that_o kingdom_n in_o time_n long_o since_o past_a the_o king_n brother_n and_o not_o his_o daughter_n have_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o afterward_o they_o be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o a_o lineal_a succession_n that_o they_o prefer_v the_o sister_n son_n before_o those_o that_o in_o a_o more_o remote_a degree_n descend_v from_o the_o brother_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o alphonsus_n he_o say_v that_o unto_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n after_o his_o son_n ferdinando_n he_o appoint_v his_o nephew_n by_o his_o son_n and_o for_o want_v of_o such_o than_o the_o nephew_n by_o his_o own_o daughter_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v ferdinando_n whereunto_o he_o add_v sic_fw-la saepe_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la regum_fw-la jura_fw-la regnandi_fw-la commutantur_fw-la they_o be_v title_n to_o kingdom_n ofttimes_o fan_v about_o by_o the_o breath_n of_o king_n xxxvii_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v hereditary_a the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v give_v place_n to_o the_o king_n young_a brother_n chap._n viii_o of_o dominion_n vulgar_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i._o many_o thing_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o to_o speak_v proper_o be_v not_o thereby_o due_a ii_o fish_n and_o deer_n in_o pond_n and_o park_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n hold_v in_o propriety_n contrary_a to_o what_o the_o roman_a law_n deliver_v unto_o we_o iii_o that_o wild_a beast_n stray_v out_o of_o enclosure_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v the_o first_o owner_n if_o they_o may_v be_v know_v iv_o whether_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o may_v be_v gain_v by_o instrument_n as_o by_o net_n and_o how_o v._o that_o such_o wild_a beast_n shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n vi_o how_o the_o possession_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o owner_n may_v be_v gain_v vii_o money_n find_v who_o it_o be_v natural_o and_o of_o the_o diversity_n of_o law_n about_o this_o viii_o that_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v island_n and_o increment_n be_v neither_o natural_a nor_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n ix_o that_o naturally_n island_n in_o river_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v dry_v up_o be_v they_o who_o the_o river_n or_o that_o part_n of_o the_o river_n be_v that_o be_v the_o people_n x._o that_o natural_o the_o propriety_n of_o a_o ground_n be_v not_o lose_v by_o a_o inundation_n xi_o that_o increment_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v the_o people_n xii_o but_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v grant_v unto_o those_o who_o ground_n have_v no_o other_o bound_n but_o the_o river_n xiii_o the_o same_o may_v be_v presume_v concern_v whatsoever_o the_o stream_n leave_v dry_a fourteen_o what_o be_v to_o be_v account_v a_o increment_n and_o what_o a_o island_n xv._o when_o the_o increment_n belong_v unto_o vassal_n xvi_o the_o argument_n whereby_o the_o roman_n will_v prove_v their_o law_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v natural_a answer_v xvii_o that_o a_o way_n be_v natural_o a_o impediment_n to_o increment_n xviii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o natural_a that_o the_o child_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o xix_o that_o natural_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v make_v common_a as_o well_o by_o give_v a_o form_n to_o another_o man_n matter_n as_o by_o confusion_n xx._n yea_o though_o that_o matter_n be_v ill_o wrought_v xxi_o it_o be_v not_o natural_a that_o the_o lesser_a part_n shall_v yield_v to_o the_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o prevalence_n where_o also_o be_v observe_v other_o error_n of_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n xxii_o natural_o by_o plant_v sow_v or_o build_v upon_o another_o ground_n there_o arise_v a_o community_n to_o both_o in_o the_o fruit_n perceive_v xxiii_o he_o that_o sow_v another_o ground_n by_o mistake_n may_v require_v his_o charge_n but_o not_o the_o fruit_n xxiv_o yea_o though_o he_o do_v it_o know_o xxv_o that_o natural_o tradition_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o transfer_v dominion_n xxvi_o the_o use_n of_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v i._o that_o many_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o proper_o do_v not_o now_o our_o method_n lead_v we_o to_o treat_v of_o that_o dominion_n which_o be_v vulgar_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v distinct_a from_o that_o gain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o have_v therefore_o term_v the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n such_o be_v that_o dominion_n which_o be_v get_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v discourse_v better_o hereafter_o where_o the_o effect_n of_o war_n shall_v be_v explain_v the_o roman_a lawyer_n where_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n do_v reckon_v up_o many_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v acquire_v which_o they_o seem_v to_o justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o to_o he_o that_o diligent_o examine_v they_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o except_o that_o gain_v by_o war_n that_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v gain_v by_o that_o law_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v but_o be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o so_o yet_o to_o that_o which_o follow_v close_o upon_o it_o dominion_n be_v first_o introduce_v and_o so_o antecede_v all_o civil_a law_n or_o they_o be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o very_a civil_a law_n not_o that_o of_o the_o sole_a people_n of_o rome_n but_o of_o many_o other_o nation_n which_o i_o rather_o believe_v because_o this_o civil_a law_n or_o custom_n come_v original_o from_o the_o greek_n who_o institutes_n as_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n observe_v with_o some_o other_o all_o italy_n and_o some_o other_o adjoin_v nation_n follow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o it_o serve_v not_o to_o conglutinate_v all_o nation_n mutual_o among_o themselves_o but_o rather_o to_o preserve_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n between_o the_o subject_n of_o every_o nation_n and_o be_v therefore_o alterable_a by_o any_o one_o people_n without_o consult_v the_o rest_n so_o that_o it_o may_v also_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o other_o place_n and_o in_o other_o age_n a_o far_o different_a common_a custom_n and_o so_o another_o law_n of_o nation_n improper_o so_o call_v may_v be_v introduce_v which_o we_o have_v find_v real_o do_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o german_a nation_n have_v invade_v all_o europe_n for_o as_o of_o old_a the_o grecian_a law_n so_o then_o the_o german_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o receive_v and_o do_v as_o yet_o flourish_v the_o first_o way_n of_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o roman_n call_v it_o be_v by_o the_o primary_n seizure_n or_o occupancy_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v no_o owner_n which_o without_o doubt_n be_v natural_a in_o that_o sense_n which_o i_o have_v declare_v that_o be_v dominion_n be_v first_o introduce_v and_o so_o long_o as_o no_o law_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v for_o dominion_n may_v also_o be_v gain_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n ii_o as_o fish_n in_o pond_n deer_n in_o park_n and_o hitherto_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o may_v refer_v the_o take_n of_o wild_a beast_n bird_n and_o fish_n but_o how_o all_o these_o may_v be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o none_o will_v afford_v matter_n of_o debate_n nerva_n the_o son_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o fish_n if_o in_o a_o pond_n be_v possess_v but_o not_o in_o a_o great_a lake_n and_o that_o wild_a beast_n if_o in_o a_o park_n or_o
consent_n a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n xxvii_o of_o the_o right_a that_o lord_n have_v over_o their_o servant_n xxviii_o how_o far_o this_o right_n extend_v as_o to_o life_n and_o death_n xxix_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n determine_v as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v unto_o servant_n xxx_o of_o servitude_n there_o be_v divers_a kind_n xxxi_o what_o power_n by_o consent_n one_o nation_n have_v over_o another_o that_o free_o subject_n itself_o xxxii_o what_o right_a be_v acquire_v over_o person_n for_o some_o crime_n commit_v i._o the_o right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n a_o kind_a of_o right_n may_v be_v gain_v over_o person_n as_o well_o as_o thing_n and_o that_o either_o by_o generation_n by_o consent_n or_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o some_o delinquency_n by_o generation_n so_o both_o the_o parent_n have_v equal_a right_n over_o their_o child_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o they_o differ_v in_o their_o command_n the_o father_n as_o be_v of_o the_o more_o noble_a sex_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v before_o the_o mother_n of_o this_o mind_n be_v st._n chrysostom_n 11.3_o 1_o cor._n 11.3_o it_o be_v expedient_a say_v he_o that_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v subject_a unto_o she_o own_o husband_n for_o equality_n in_o honour_n beget_v quarrel_n and_o st._n augustine_n also_o a_o son_n bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n 191._o ep._n 191._o be_v more_o at_o the_o command_n of_o his_o father_n than_o of_o his_o mother_n ii_o this_o right_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o age_n and_o discretion_n of_o their_o child_n in_o child_n we_o must_v distinguish_v their_o three_o different_a time_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o their_o infancy_n whilst_o they_o be_v of_o unripe_a judgement_n not_o able_a to_o know_v good_a from_o evil_n not_o to_o distinguish_v truth_n from_o error_n the_o second_o be_v when_o they_o grow_v to_o ripe_a judgement_n but_o yet_o continue_v in_o their_o father_n family_n the_o three_o period_n be_v this_o when_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o their_o father_n and_o have_v family_n of_o their_o own_o during_o the_o first_o of_o these_o all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o child_n ought_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o parent_n for_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a that_o he_o that_o can_v govern_v himself_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o another_o 6._o vide_fw-la supra_fw-la c._n 3._o §._o 6._o and_o natural_o there_o be_v none_o so_o fit_a to_o govern_v the_o child_n as_o the_o parent_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o child_n be_v then_o capable_a of_o inherit_v a_o estate_n though_o he_o be_v just_o restrain_v from_o manage_v of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o immature_n judgement_n this_o be_v plutarch_n observation_n where_o he_o say_v 2._o de_fw-fr fort_fw-fr alex._n lib._n 2._o that_o child_n have_v a_o right_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o inheritance_n but_o not_o to_o the_o use_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o all_o that_o be_v the_o child_n shall_v be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o parent_n but_o from_o the_o law_n of_o some_o people_n which_o do_v in_o this_o case_n sometime_o distinguish_v the_o father_n from_o the_o mother_n as_o they_o do_v also_o between_o their_o bond_n and_o free_a child_n and_o between_o the_o natural_a issue_n and_o legitimate_a of_o which_o distinction_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v no_o cognizance_n except_o only_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o sex_n where_o both_o parent_n contend_v who_o shall_v command_v the_o child_n iii_o the_o second_o period_n while_o the_o child_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parent_n family_n in_o the_o second_o period_n when_o the_o child_n judgement_n be_v ripen_v with_o his_o year_n yet_o abide_v in_o his_o father_n house_n those_o action_n of_o the_o child_n only_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o command_n of_o his_o parent_n that_o be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o well_o order_v of_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o father_n or_o of_o his_o mother_n family_n for_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o every_o part_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o in_o his_o other_o action_n he_o have_v a_o moral_a power_n to_o do_v whatsoever_o his_o own_o judgement_n shall_v guide_v he_o to_o provide_v that_o in_o all_o thing_n he_o endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o please_v his_o parent_n but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o debt_n arise_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o moral_a faculty_n as_o those_o above_o but_o from_o the_o duty_n of_o piety_n reverence_n and_o gratitude_n it_o can_v make_v void_a those_o action_n of_o he_o that_o be_v otherwise_o do_v no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o avoid_v any_o grant_n or_o gift_n give_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o parsimony_n iv_o of_o parent_n coercive_a power_n during_o both_o these_o space_n of_o time_n parent_n have_v a_o right_v not_o to_o govern_v only_o but_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o enforce_v obedience_n from_o their_o child_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v either_o compel_v to_o their_o duty_n or_o to_o reform_v what_o be_v amiss_o but_o as_o to_o great_a punishment_n we_o shall_v discourse_v elsewhere_o v._o their_o power_n to_o sell_v they_o although_o the_o paternal_a right_n be_v so_o inherent_a in_o the_o father_n person_n as_o that_o it_o can_v no_o way_n be_v either_o take_v from_o he_o or_o transfer_v to_o another_o yet_o natural_o if_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o restrain_v the_o father_n have_v power_n to_o pawn_v or_o if_o necessity_n so_o require_v to_o sell_v his_o son_n goth._n hist_o goth._n if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o way_n or_o mean_n to_o maintain_v he_o thus_o the_o goth_n as_o jornandes_n record_v solicitous_a of_o their_o child_n safety_n choose_v rather_o to_o preserve_v their_o life_n than_o their_o liberty_n and_o therefore_o in_o compassion_n think_v it_o better_a to_o sell_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v and_o nourish_v as_o slave_n than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o die_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o freedom_n which_o right_o other_o nation_n seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o that_o old_a theban_a law_n recite_v by_o aelian_a which_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o phoenician_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o also_o from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o by_o they_o to_o the_o grecian_n as_o apollonius_n observe_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o domitian_n for_o nature_n itself_o be_v presume_v to_o give_v we_o a_o right_a to_o all_o that_o without_o which_o that_o which_o she_o command_v can_v be_v obtain_v vi_o their_o power_n over_o they_o when_o separate_a from_o they_o in_o the_o three_o space_n or_o period_n that_o be_v when_o the_o child_n be_v grow_v to_o maturity_n and_o in_o another_o family_n by_o themselves_o then_o they_o be_v free_a to_o do_v what_o please_v themselves_o always_o pay_v the_o duty_n of_o piety_n and_o reverence_n to_o they_o which_o be_v a_o obligation_n never_o to_o be_v cancel_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o act_n of_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o null_v because_o their_o parent_n be_v live_v vii_o the_o right_n of_o parent_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a what_o power_n parent_n have_v over_o their_o child_n more_o or_o less_o than_o this_o they_o derive_v from_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o man_n which_o in_o all_o nation_n be_v not_o the_o same_o so_o by_o that_o right_n that_o god_n give_v unto_o the_o hebrew_n the_o power_n of_o a_o father_n to_o null_a the_o vow_n of_o his_o son_n and_o daughter_n be_v not_o perpetual_a but_o only_o during_o their_o abode_n in_o their_o father_n family_n as_o may_v appear_v numb_a 30.2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o verses_z for_o otherwise_o the_o son_n be_v part_v from_o his_o father_n have_v power_n at_o thirteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o bind_v himself_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o parent_n the_o roman_a citizen_n be_v father_n have_v a_o peculiar_a power_n over_o their_o son_n though_o they_o be_v head_n of_o their_o own_o family_n 3._o the_o roman_n give_v as_o much_o power_n over_o their_o son_n as_o over_o slave_n pyrrhoniorum_fw-la 3._o before_o they_o be_v make_v free_a which_o power_n they_o themselves_o confess_v that_o other_o people_n have_v not_o over_o they_o so_o say_v sextus_n empericus_n the_o roman_a lawgiver_n give_v as_o much_o power_n to_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n as_o over_o their_o slave_n for_o the_o good_n of_o the_o child_n be_v not_o repute_v they_o but_o their_o parent_n until_o they_o be_v manumit_v in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n as_o their_o slave_n be_v which_o other_o lawmaker_n reject_v as_o tyrannical_a the_o like_a do_v philo_n record_v of_o they_o all_o manner_n of_o power_n over_o the_o son_n be_v by_o the_o roman_n give_v to_o the_o father_n
the_o ancient_a estate_n shall_v return_v from_o whence_o it_o descend_v and_o to_o their_o child_n x._o but_o that_o which_o be_v late_o gain_v to_o the_o near_a in_o blood_n xi_o the_o law_n touch_v succession_n be_v diverse_a xii_o how_o succession_n take_v place_n in_o patrimonial_a kingdom_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n indivisible_a the_o first-born_a to_o be_v prefer_v fourteen_o that_o kingdom_n which_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v indivisible_a xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o it_o xvii_o the_o male_a issue_n prefer_v before_o the_o female_a within_o the_o same_o degree_n xviii_o of_o the_o male_n the_o elder_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v xix_o whether_o such_o a_o kingdom_n be_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n xx._n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o a_o kingdom_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o of_o succession_n to_o other_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o kingdom_n begin_v whether_o absolute_a xxi_o or_o hold_v of_o another_o in_o fee_n xxii_o of_o lineal_a suceession_n to_o the_o next_o in_o blood_n whether_o males_n or_o female_n and_o how_o the_o right_a be_v thereby_o transmit_v xxiii_o of_o lineal_a succession_n to_o the_o male_a issue_n only_o call_v agnatical_a succession_n xxiv_o of_o that_o succession_n which_o always_o respect_v the_o near_a to_o the_o first_o king_n only_o xxv_o whether_o a_o son_n may_v be_v exheredate_v so_o as_o to_o bar_v his_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n xxvi_o whether_o a_o king_n may_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o child_n renounce_v his_o kingdom_n xxvii_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o judgement_n to_o speak_v proper_o be_v neither_o in_o the_o king_n nor_o people_n xxviii_o a_o son_n bear_v before_o his_o father_n be_v king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o that_o be_v postnate_a xxix_o unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o provide_v by_o some_o other_o law_n xxx_o whether_o the_o elder_a brother_n decease_v his_o son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n explain_v by_o distinction_n xxxi_o also_o whether_o the_o young_a brother_n live_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n elder_a brother_n son_n xxxii_o whether_o the_o king_n brother_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n uncle_n xxxiii_o whether_o the_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o king_n daughter_n xxxiv_o whether_o the_o young_a son_n of_o a_o king_n son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o daughter_n xxxv_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a son_n xxxvi_o whether_o the_o son_n of_o a_o sister_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o brother_n xxxvii_o whether_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o elder_a brother_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n i._o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n unjust_a have_v thus_o show_v what_o right_o may_v be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o his_o act_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o right_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o another_o by_o law_n and_o this_o be_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o treat_v here_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o be_v the_o main_a controversy_n concern_v war_n thereby_o determine_v and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v purposely_o omit_v it_o yet_o be_v it_o worth_a our_o observation_n to_o know_v that_o some_o of_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v apparent_o unjust_a as_o that_o which_o adjudge_v good_n shipwrack_v unto_o the_o king_n coffer_n for_o to_o take_v away_o another_o right_a and_o propriety_n without_o any_o precede_a cause_n that_o be_v probable_a be_v a_o manifest_a injury_n thus_o plead_v helen_n in_o euripides_n helen_n helen_n wreck_v and_o a_o stranger_n come_v i_o in_o such_o to_o despoil_v be_v horrid_a sin_n for_o what_o right_o say_v constantine_n can_v the_o misfortune_n of_o another_o create_v to_o a_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v enrich_v by_o a_o calamity_n so_o much_o to_o be_v pity_v 12._o lib._n 1._o c._n the_o naâ—f_n l._n 12._o and_o therefore_o dion_n prusaeensis_n in_o a_o oration_n of_o his_o concern_v shipwreck_n cry_v out_o absit_fw-la o_o jupiter_n ut_fw-la lucrum_fw-la captemus_fw-la tale_n ex_fw-la hominum_fw-la infortunio_fw-la farneze_n be_v it_o o_o jupiter_n from_o i_o to_o take_v such_o advantage_n by_o other_o man_n misfortune_n and_o yet_o such_o a_o right_o do_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n very_o unjust_o give_v as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o sicilian_n and_o such_o a_o ancient_a law_n sopater_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o force_n in_o greece_n christian_n king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o abrogate_a of_o this_o law_n complain_v that_o he_o lose_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n yearly_a nicetas_n speak_v of_o this_o law_n call_v it_o a_o custom_n so_o barbarous_a as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v name_v what_o then_o be_v bodines_n meaning_n to_o defend_v this_o law_n he_o namely_o who_o reprehend_v papinian_n for_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o to_o act_v against_o his_o own_o conscience_n ii_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o that_o which_o he_o take_v from_o another_o and_o when_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n be_v introduce_v it_o follow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v alienable_a two_o way_n first_o by_o commutation_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o make_n up_o of_o that_o right_n which_o i_o want_v whereby_o the_o balance_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v make_v even_o or_o second_o by_o succession_n now_o alienation_n by_o way_n of_o commutation_n or_o expletion_n be_v when_o for_o something_o that_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v i_o which_o i_o can_v receive_v in_o kind_n i_o take_v from_o he_o that_o detain_v it_o or_o somewhat_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o that_o be_v some_o other_o thing_n of_o equal_a value_n thus_o irenaeus_n excuse_v the_o hebrew_n for_o rob_v the_o egyptian_n of_o their_o good_n 6._o see_v book_n 3._o ch_n 7._o §._o 6._o which_o say_v he_o they_o may_v take_v and_o keep_v in_o compensation_n of_o their_o labour_n now_o that_o dominion_n may_v be_v thus_o transfer_v be_v easy_o prove_v from_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v the_o best_a proof_n for_o how_o otherwise_o can_v i_o be_v say_v to_o receive_v my_o full_a right_n unless_o i_o become_v the_o right_a owner_n of_o it_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o bare_a detention_n but_o the_o full_a power_n to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o it_o at_o my_o pleasure_n that_o make_v the_o scale_n of_o justice_n even_o a_o ancient_a example_n of_o this_o we_o have_v in_o diodorus_n where_o hesionaeus_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v promise_v to_o his_o daughter_n by_o ixion_n but_o not_o give_v take_v away_o his_o horse_n for_o expletive_a justice_n when_o it_o can_v recover_v what_o be_v the_o same_o endeavour_n to_o get_v the_o value_n of_o it_o which_o in_o a_o moral_a estimation_n be_v the_o same_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n no_o man_n we_o know_v can_v do_v himself_o right_o nay_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n take_v away_o from_o another_o though_o but_o what_o be_v his_o due_n it_o shall_v be_v impute_v unto_o he_o as_o rapine_n and_o in_o some_o country_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o debt_n and_o although_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o diect_o forbid_v this_o yet_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o public_a tribunal_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v unlawful_a but_o where_o there_o be_v not_o public_a court_n to_o appeal_v unto_o as_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o desert_n there_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v our_o guide_n so_o it_o shall_v sometime_o when_o the_o law_n cease_v but_o for_o the_o present_a that_o be_v if_o the_o debt_n can_v never_o be_v get_v otherwise_o as_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v ready_a to_o fly_v the_o country_n before_o the_o court_n can_v be_v open_a in_o which_o case_n the_o creditor_n may_v lawful_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n must_v afterward_o be_v expect_v before_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n can_v be_v assure_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o reprizal_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o but_o yet_o if_o the_o right_n be_v certain_a and_o it_o be_v also_o moral_o as_o certain_a that_o a_o man_n can_v by_o a_o judge_n receive_v satisfaction_n for_o want_n of_o due_a proof_n the_o best_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o law_n concern_v judgement_n cease_v and_o that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o nation_n iii_o the_o estate_n of_o
they_o be_v leave_v forlorn_a and_o yet_o may_v those_o also_o be_v adopt_v son_n if_o the_o law_n forbid_v not_o as_o it_o be_v ancient_o permit_v among_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o law_n of_o anastasius_n but_o afterward_o in_o favour_n to_o lawful_a marriage_n there_o be_v a_o more_o difficult_a way_n find_v to_o make_v bastard_n equal_a to_o such_o as_o be_v legitimate_a namely_o by_o the_o free_a offer_n of_o the_o court_n when_o they_o say_v cause_n or_o by_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n of_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o child_n thus_o do_v old_a jacob_n adopt_v his_o natural_a son_n s_o make_v they_o equal_a to_o his_o legitimate_a and_o give_v they_o equal_a share_n in_o his_o inheritance_n but_o the_o contrary_n may_v sometime_o happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o law_n but_o even_o by_o agreement_n when_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o both_o party_n before_o that_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v by_o that_o wedlock_n shall_v receive_v only_a aliment_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o such_o a_o marriage_n the_o hebrew_n call_v concubinary_a although_o make_v with_o a_o freewoman_n such_o be_v that_o of_o abraham_n with_o keturah_n call_v therefore_o his_o concubine_n gen._n 25.6_o who_o child_n together_o with_o ishmael_n the_o son_n of_o agar_n his_o bondmaid_n be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v gift_n that_o be_v legacy_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n so_o it_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o mexican_n who_o give_v all_o to_o the_o elder_a son_n but_o nothing_o to_o the_o rest_n but_o sustenance_n only_o and_o not_o much_o better_a be_v second_o marriage_n in_o brabant_n where_o the_o child_n by_o the_o second_o venture_n have_v no_o propriety_n in_o the_o estate_n which_o the_o father_n hold_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o former_a wife_n the_o like_a law_n we_o find_v among_o the_o ancient_a burgundian_n ix_o if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o who_o shall_v the_o estate_n descend_v tribe_n the_o father_n estate_n to_o his_o relation_n the_o mother_n to_o she_o the_o ancient_a estate_n to_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o tribe_n if_o a_o man_n die_v childless_a and_o withal_o intestate_a on_o who_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v determine_v there_o be_v no_o one_o thing_n wherein_o the_o law_n do_v more_o differ_v all_o which_o difference_n may_v notwithstanding_o be_v reduce_v under_o two_o head_n whereof_o the_o one_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n the_o other_o to_o the_o several_a spring-head_n from_o whence_o it_o descend_v that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o relation_n and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o the_o mother_n to_o she_o but_o here_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o ancient_a inheritance_n and_o that_o late_o purchase_v that_o of_o plato_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o former_a ego_fw-la legum_n conditor_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o be_v a_o law_n giver_n say_v he_o do_v ordain_v that_o neither_o your_o person_n nor_o patrimonial_a estate_n be_v in_o your_o own_o power_n full_o but_o your_o stock_n and_o lineage_n have_v a_o right_a thereunto_o as_o well_o they_o that_o now_o be_v as_o they_o that_o be_v to_o come_v whereby_o it_o seem_v that_o plato_n will_v have_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o ancient_a inheritance_n preserve_v entire_a for_o that_o tribe_n or_o kindred_n by_o which_o it_o come_v which_o i_o will_v not_o have_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o though_o it_o be_v not_o natural_o lawful_a to_o dispose_v of_o any_o good_n that_o descend_v unto_o we_o from_o either_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n otherwise_o for_o sometime_o to_o relieve_v the_o want_n of_o a_o friend_n who_o have_v well_o deserve_v of_o we_o be_v not_o only_o commendable_a but_o necessary_a but_o that_o in_o a_o case_n ambiguous_a it_o may_v appear_v what_o we_o ought_v to_o believe_v the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a be_v for_o we_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o he_o that_o die_v have_v at_o his_o death_n a_o full_a right_o to_o dispose_v of_o his_o estate_n but_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o retain_v this_o right_n be_v dead_a and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o he_o will_v not_o altogether_o lose_v that_o right_n whereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v his_o friend_n it_o concern_v we_o to_o inquire_v in_o what_o order_n this_o benefit_n shall_v natural_o descend_v wherein_o that_o of_o aristotle_n be_v most_o rational_a potius_fw-la est_fw-la gratiam_fw-la referri_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la benefecit_fw-la quam_fw-la amico_fw-la confer_v beneficium_fw-la that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o return_v thanks_o to_o our_o benefactor_n than_o to_o oblige_v new_a friend_n for_o as_o cicero_n say_v true_o there_o be_v no_o duty_n so_o necessary_a as_o that_o of_o gratitude_n oblige_v our_o benefactor_n be_v first_o to_o be_v gratify_v and_o then_o our_o friend_n oblige_v for_o since_o liberality_n have_v but_o two_o branch_n whereof_o one_o be_v to_o do_v good_a the_o other_o to_o repay_v good_a the_o former_a we_o may_v do_v if_o we_o will_v but_o the_o latter_a we_o must_v do_v if_o we_o will_v be_v honest_a and_o can_v do_v it_o without_o injure_v any_o so_o st._n ambrose_n it_o become_v every_o man_n to_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n unto_o he_o from_o who_o we_o have_v receive_v a_o courtesy_n than_o unto_o other_o and_o present_o after_o what_o can_v be_v more_o against_o our_o duty_n than_o not_o to_o return_v what_o we_o have_v receive_v now_o our_o gratitude_n be_v express_v either_o to_o the_o live_n or_o 〈◊〉_d the_o dead_a as_o lisias_n observe_v in_o his_o funeral_n oration_n it_o be_v show_v in_o do_v good_a to_o their_o child_n be_v natural_o the_o survive_a part_n of_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o their_o parent_n if_o live_v will_v have_v be_v most_o beneficent_a in_o i_o confere_n quicquid_fw-la in_o liberos_fw-la meos_fw-la contuleris_fw-la say_v the_o fisherman_n in_o procopius_n 1._o procop._n pers_n 1._o who_o be_v about_o to_o adventure_v his_o life_n against_o a_o dogfish_n to_o gain_v a_o very_a great_a pearl_n for_o the_o emperor_n cosroe_n that_o be_v the_o best_a gratitude_n that_o be_v show_v to_o the_o dead_a for_o what_o o_o emperor_n thou_o shall_v confer_v on_o my_o child_n if_o i_o perish_v thou_o bestow_v upon_o i_o and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n do_v they_o walk_v who_o frame_v the_o justinian_n law_n in_o that_o question_n concern_v whole_a and_o half_a brother_n and_o in_o that_o concern_v cousin_n in_o blood_n and_o in_o some_o other_o brother_n say_v aristotle_n do_v love_n each_o other_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o parent_n ortus_fw-la communis_fw-la ipsos_fw-la quasi_fw-la eosdem_fw-la facit_fw-la one_o common_a blood_n whereof_o they_o be_v make_v make_v they_o almost_o one_o and_o the_o same_o whence_o frater_fw-la be_v quasi_fw-la fere_n alter_fw-la a_o brother_n be_v but_o almost_o another_o or_o as_o one_o cast_v in_o the_o same_o mould_n for_o as_o the_o high_a bond_n of_o love_n be_v deserve_o that_o which_o child_n owe_v their_o parent_n 5._o val._n max._n lib._n 5._o c._n 5._o from_o who_o they_o receive_v the_o most_o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n as_o their_o life_n and_o livelihood_n so_o the_o next_o be_v that_o of_o brethren_n to_o each_o other_o as_o have_v receive_v the_o same_o benefit_n together_o from_o the_o same_o parent_n and_o therefore_o for_o brethren_n die_v childless_a and_o intestate_a to_o succeed_v one_o another_o be_v according_a to_o justin_n the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o case_n he_o from_o who_o the_o good_n last_v descend_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v nor_o any_o of_o his_o child_n it_o remain_v that_o the_o thanks_o be_v pay_v to_o they_o to_o who_o though_o not_o so_o much_o yet_o next_o after_o he_o they_o be_v notwithstanding_o due_a namely_o to_o the_o parent_n of_o the_o next_o degree_n above_o he_o and_o to_o his_o child_n especial_o see_v by_o this_o mean_v it_o may_v be_v continue_v between_o the_o kinsman_n both_o of_o he_o who_o inheritance_n it_o be_v and_o of_o he_o from_o who_o the_o say_v good_n first_o descend_v so_o the_o same_o aristotle_n cousin_n germane_a and_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o kinsfolk_n be_v link_v together_o by_o their_o parent_n as_o be_v bear_v of_o one_o common_a stock_n yet_o so_o as_o some_o be_v more_o near_o ally_v than_o other_o according_a to_o their_o respective_a birth_n thus_o by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n the_o uncle_n succeed_v after_o the_o brother_n as_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o first_o owner_n than_o the_o brother_n child_n numb_a 27.10_o 11._o x._o a_o estate_n late_o gain_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n but_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n that_o be_v but_o late_o acquire_v because_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n of_o thankfulness_n
to_o our_o ancestor_n for_o they_o it_o remain_v that_o the_o succession_n shall_v pass_v to_o he_o that_o be_v dear_a to_o the_o person_n decease_v which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v his_o near_a kinsman_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o own_o flesh_n prov._n 11.17_o or_o his_o brother_n deut._n 15.11_o for_o our_o love_n to_o our_o kindred_n shall_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o nearness_n they_o be_v unto_o we_o in_o blood_n so_o that_o after_o our_o parent_n they_o be_v best_a to_o be_v provide_v for_o who_o be_v by_o nature_n in_o the_o near_a relation_n unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o among_o the_o grecian_n as_o isaeus_n tell_v we_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a do_v always_o descend_v unto_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n whereunto_o he_o add_v what_o can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o that_o the_o estate_n that_o be_v a_o kinsman_n shall_v descend_v unto_o a_o kinsman_n how_o well_o will_v this_o conserve_v humane_a society_n say_v cicero_n and_o promote_v the_o honour_n of_o private_a family_n if_o the_o near_a any_o man_n be_v ally_v unto_o we_o so_o much_o the_o more_o benign_a and_o bountiful_a we_o will_v be_v unto_o he_o next_o unto_o our_o child_n the_o same_o cicero_n place_v our_o love_a kindred_n who_o as_o they_o be_v near_o so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o and_o to_o provide_v for_o these_o especial_o be_v a_o debt_n that_o we_o owe_v they_o not_o by_o commutative_a justice_n but_o by_o distributive_a as_o be_v most_o worthy_a for_o the_o honour_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o our_o own_o blood_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o cicero_n speak_v elsewhere_o of_o that_o natural_a affection_n which_o every_o man_n bear_v to_o his_o own_o relation_n tell_v we_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v the_o testament_n and_o legacy_n of_o die_a man_n it_o be_v much_o more_o equitable_a to_o leave_v our_o estate_n to_o our_o own_o kindred_n than_o unto_o stranger_n this_o be_v the_o charity_n that_o be_v most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n 30._o esay_n 58.7_o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o c._n 30._o as_o esay_n tell_v we_o to_o feed_v the_o hungry_a to_o clothe_v the_o naked_a and_o that_o we_o hide_v not_o ourselves_o from_o our_o own_o flesh_n and_o st._n ambrose_n high_o commend_v that_o liberality_n that_o be_v show_v to_o our_o brethren_n and_o kinsfolk_n as_o be_v next_o in_o blood_n to_o we_o now_o that_o succession_n that_o thus_o descend_v from_o a_o person_n die_v intestate_a be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a testament_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n make_v authentic_a by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a thus_o quintilian_n also_o next_o unto_o they_o who_o claim_v a_o right_n by_o the_o testator_n testament_n be_v his_o kindred_n in_o case_n he_o die_v intestate_a and_o childless_a not_o because_o the_o good_n of_o the_o decease_a be_v in_o justice_n due_a unto_o they_o but_o because_o be_v desert_v and_o as_o it_o be_v leave_v without_o any_o certain_a owner_n none_o can_v pretend_v so_o much_o right_n to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v the_o next_o of_o kin_n and_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o good_n new_o purchase_v by_o the_o person_n die_v intestate_a that_o they_o natural_o descend_v to_o his_o near_a relation_n may_v as_o true_o be_v say_v of_o such_o good_n as_o descend_v unto_o he_o from_o his_o father_n or_o grandfather_n in_o case_n neither_o they_o from_o who_o they_o descend_v nor_o any_o of_o their_o child_n do_v survive_v to_o who_o in_o point_n of_o gratitude_n they_o shall_v return_v xi_o diversity_n of_o law_n as_o touch_v succession_n now_o though_o what_o we_o have_v here_o say_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a conjecture_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n necessary_a wherefore_o from_o divers_a cause_n move_a man_n will_n succession_n do_v usual_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o agreement_n law_n or_o custom_n rational_o ground_v some_o whereof_z will_v admit_v of_o substitution_n in_o some_o degree_n other_o not_z the_o ancient_a german_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o that_o kind_n of_o succession_n which_o we_o call_v representative_a even_o among_o their_o child_n as_o that_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n which_o right_a first_o take_v place_n in_o france_n by_o a_o edict_n of_o childebert_n and_o be_v first_o introduce_v into_o those_o part_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n by_o otho_n so_o the_o ancient_a scottish_a right_o of_o succession_n go_v according_a to_o the_o sole_a proximity_n in_o blood_n danicor_n pontanus_n 7._o danicor_n and_o not_o by_o substitution_n it_o be_v so_o decree_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v choose_v as_o arbiter_n to_o decide_v that_o difference_n in_o some_o place_n regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o first_o purchaser_n in_o other_o this_o be_v neglect_v there_o be_v some_o country_n where_o the_o first-born_a carry_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o estate_n as_o among_o the_o hebrew_n but_o in_o some_o other_o all_o the_o child_n share_v alike_o in_o some_o the_o kindred_n by_o the_o father_n side_n only_o succeed_v in_o other_o those_o by_o the_o mother_n have_v a_o equal_a portion_n in_o some_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o sex_n in_o other_o none_o at_o all_o in_o some_o the_o kinsfolk_n in_o the_o next_o degree_n only_o be_v admit_v in_o other_o they_o admit_v those_o in_o degree_n more_o remote_a to_o trace_v all_o will_v be_v tedious_a neither_o be_v it_o my_o purpose_n so_o to_o do_v but_o this_o we_o must_v grant_v that_o where_o the_o decease_a have_v declare_v nothing_o of_o his_o will_n it_o must_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o estate_n shall_v pass_v as_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n do_v order_v it_o but_o not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o conjecture_n which_o also_o take_v place_n against_o those_o in_o who_o the_o supreme_a power_n reside_v for_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o what_o they_o by_o their_o law_n command_v or_o by_o their_o custom_n approve_v of_o in_o their_o subject_n the_o same_o in_o their_o own_o affair_n they_o hold_v to_o be_v most_o equitable_a so_o as_o no_o great_a damage_n arise_v to_o they_o by_o it_o xii_o how_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a ought_v to_o be_v guide_v daughter_n capable_a to_o succeed_v in_o egypt_n and_o britain_n as_o concern_v the_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o those_o that_o be_v patrimonial_a and_o in_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a manner_n possess_v and_o those_o that_o be_v hold_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o please_v the_o people_n the_o former_a sort_n may_v be_v divide_v even_o between_o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o egypt_n as_o lucan_n testify_v nullo_n discrimine_fw-la sexus_fw-la reginam_fw-la scit_fw-la far_o pharos_n in_o egypt_n throne_n difference_n of_o sex_n there_o be_v none_o the_o like_a do_v tacitus_n record_v of_o the_o british_a empire_n in_o asia_n after_o semiramis_n tac._n neque_fw-la enim_fw-la sexum_n in_fw-la imperiis_fw-la discernunt_fw-la tac._n many_o woman_n be_v permit_v to_o reign_v say_v arrianus_n as_o nitocris_n in_o babylon_n artimissa_n in_o halicarnassus_n and_o tomyris_n among_o the_o scythian_n yea_o and_o such_o kingdom_n may_v be_v divide_v as_o in_o asia_n all_o the_o brother_n reign_n together_o though_o one_o only_o have_v a_o principal_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o custom_n the_o empress_n irene_n will_v without_o any_o precedent_n have_v introduce_v into_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o andronicus_n palaeologus_n as_o gregoras_n note_n that_o say_v he_o which_o be_v most_o strange_a and_o to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o she_o be_v not_o willing_a 7._o lib._n 7._o that_o any_o one_o shall_v obtain_v the_o whole_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o that_o empire_n but_o according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o western_a prince_n the_o city_n and_o region_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o her_o son_n that_o so_o each_o of_o they_o may_v hold_v his_o kingdom_n as_o his_o patrimony_n just_a as_o the_o estate_n of_o private_a man_n be_v divide_v among_o their_o child_n so_o that_o each_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v descend_v perpetual_o to_o each_o of_o her_o son_n and_o to_o their_o heir_n after_o they_o for_o be_v herself_o of_o a_o western_a extraction_n she_o endeavour_v to_o introduce_v their_o custom_n without_o example_n neither_o be_v adopt_v son_n less_o capable_a of_o succession_n by_o guess_v as_o the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a than_o true_a son_n thus_o do_v hyllus_n the_o son_n of_o hercules_n succeed_v to_o aepalius_fw-la king_n of_o the_o locrian_n by_o adoption_n 9_o strab._n l._n 9_o as_o also_o do_v molossus_n the_o bastard_n in_o the_o
kingdom_n of_o epirus_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o father_n pyrrhus_n have_v no_o lawful_a issue_n 1._o paus_n l._n 1._o the_o tartar_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o bastard_n and_o they_o that_o be_v legitimate_a so_o herodotus_n of_o the_o persian_n mos_fw-la est_fw-la illis_fw-la ut_fw-la nothus_fw-la regnet_fw-la dum_fw-la legitimus_fw-la aliquis_fw-la reperitur_fw-la who_o admit_v of_o bastard_n till_o one_o that_o be_v legitimate_a may_v be_v find_v and_o we_o read_v in_o justine_n of_o a_o treaty_n between_o king_n atheas_n and_o philip_n concern_v the_o adopt_v of_o philip_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scythia_n jugurtha_n though_o a_o bastard_n jugurth_n sallust_n bell_n jugurth_n yet_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o numidia_n by_o adoption_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o the_o goth_n and_o lombard_n conquer_v that_o the_o succession_n often_o pass_v by_o adoption_n nay_o longob_n paul_n diac._n l._n 6._o the_o gest_n longob_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v pass_v to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n to_o he_o that_o last_o possess_v it_o though_o he_o be_v nothing_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o first_o king_n if_o any_o such_o succession_n be_v in_o force_n in_o those_o place_n thus_o do_v mithridates_n in_o justine_n plead_v that_o paphlagonia_n become_v his_o father_n inheritance_n by_o the_o death_n of_o all_o its_o domestic_a king_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v indivisible_a the_o elder_a succeed_v but_o in_o case_n express_v caution_n be_v give_v that_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v not_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o express_v who_o shall_v succeed_v than_o the_o elder_a whether_o son_n or_o daughter_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n so_o say_v nicetas_n coniates_n nature_n indeed_o observe_v she_o own_o order_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n to_o the_o first-born_a but_o god_n have_v a_o prerogative_n above_o nature_n and_o act_v not_o always_o by_o her_o order_n and_o speak_v of_o isaacius_n he_o say_v that_o by_o his_o birthright_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n be_v he_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o hircanus_n in_o josephus_n in_o the_o talmud_n under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n we_o read_v that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o best_a title_n to_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n have_v also_o the_o best_a title_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v always_o prefer_v before_o the_o young_a herodotus_n make_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o the_o elder_a son_n to_o succeed_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o term_v it_o the_o law_n of_o kingdom_n livy_n make_v mention_n of_o two_o brethren_n allobrogi_n contend_v for_o a_o kingdom_n whereof_o the_o young_a have_v the_o worst_a title_n but_o the_o great_a power_n of_o all_o darius_n his_o son_n artabazanes_n be_v the_o first-born_a claim_v the_o kingdom_n as_o his_o birthright_n quod_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o ordo_fw-la nascendi_fw-la &_o natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la gentibus_fw-la dedit_fw-la which_o right_o say_v justine_n both_o the_o order_n of_o birth_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o nature_n itself_o have_v give_v to_o nation_n which_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n 40._o lib._n 40._o as_o livy_n also_o say_v it_o be_v a_o privilege_n due_a by_o the_o order_n both_o of_o age_n and_o nature_n yet_o must_v this_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o restriction_n unless_o the_o father_n by_o his_o testament_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o the_o succession_n as_o ptolemy_n in_o justin_n do_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o young_a son_n but_o yet_o he_o that_o shall_v thus_o succeed_v be_v bind_v to_o gratify_v his_o brethren_n for_o their_o share_n with_o all_o respect_n and_o honour_n if_o and_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o fourteen_o a_o kingdom_n by_o the_o people_n consent_n hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v indivisible_a but_o those_o kingdom_n that_o by_o the_o people_n free_a consent_n be_v make_v hereditary_a may_v by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n be_v transfer_v now_o because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o people_n will_v give_v their_o consent_n to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o expedient_a therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o unless_o some_o law_n or_o custom_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v as_o in_o many_o it_o have_v and_o may_v do_v the_o kingdom_n shall_v stand_v entire_a and_o undivided_a because_o while_o so_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a both_o to_o defend_v itself_o and_o to_o conserve_v the_o people_n in_o peace_n and_o unity_n divide_v lib._n 21._o a_o kingdom_n unite_a be_v strong_a than_o when_o divide_v of_o this_o opinion_n be_v justin_n firmius_n futurum_fw-la esse_fw-la regnum_fw-la si_fw-la penes_fw-la unum_fw-la remansisset_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la portionibus_fw-la inter_fw-la filios_fw-la divideretur_fw-la arbitrabantur_fw-la they_o judge_v that_o the_o empire_n will_v be_v more_o firm_a be_v entire_o possess_v by_o one_o than_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v if_o divide_v among_o many_o son_n xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n again_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v easy_o gain_v to_o what_o shall_v be_v most_o expedient_a it_o will_v in_o the_o next_o place_n follow_v that_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v from_o the_o first_o king_n in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o that_o family_n be_v then_o electeed_o as_o be_v think_v the_o most_o noble_a which_o family_n be_v extinct_a the_o kingdom_n do_v return_v back_o to_o the_o people_n thus_o curtius_n advise_v 8._o advise_v lib._n 8._o that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v strong_o fix_v to_o one_o royal_a family_n which_o ought_v to_o claim_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o the_o people_n be_v so_o accustom_v will_v not_o only_o reverence_v his_o person_n but_o will_v have_v the_o very_a name_n of_o their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o usurp_v that_o dignity_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v unto_o it_o xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o concern_v in_o it_o three_o it_o will_v thence_o likewise_o follow_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o royal_a throne_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v legitimate_a not_o the_o natural_a son_n because_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v reproach_v to_o who_o mother_n the_o father_n do_v never_o vouchsafe_v the_o honour_n of_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o of_o such_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n who_o be_v the_o father_n but_o in_o the_o succession_n to_o crown_n the_o people_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o great_a assurance_n that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n can_v be_v give_v to_o avoid_v controversy_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o macedonian_n prefer_v demetrius_n the_o young_a son_n to_o the_o throne_n rather_o than_o perseus_n the_o elder_a because_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n not_o son_n by_o adoption_n because_o the_o people_n be_v apt_a to_o conceive_v great_a hope_n and_o to_o have_v their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n when_o they_o know_v they_o to_o be_v descend_v from_o a_o royal_a stock_n est_fw-la in_o juvencis_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equis_fw-la patrum_fw-la virtus_fw-la in_o horse_n and_o ox_n we_o may_v descry_v the_o syre_n generosity_n xvii_o males_n prefer_v before_o female_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n four_o that_o of_o those_o that_o have_v equal_a title_n to_o the_o inheritance_n either_o as_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n or_o as_o succeed_v to_o their_o parent_n who_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n the_o male_a issue_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o female_a because_o man_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n and_o to_o administer_v other_o regal_a duty_n than_o woman_n can_v be_v xviii_o the_o elder_a before_o the_o young_a five_o that_o of_o son_n or_o of_o daughter_n if_o there_o be_v no_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o as_o he_o be_v of_o more_o year_n so_o he_o either_o than_o be_v or_o may_v soon_o arrive_v to_o be_v of_o sound_a judgement_n than_o the_o young_a so_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n imperium_fw-la relinquo_fw-la majori_fw-la natu_fw-la i_o bequeath_v my_o kingdom_n to_o my_o elder_a son_n as_o be_v of_o most_o experience_n and_o consequent_o best_o know_v how_o to_o govern_v and_o because_o our_o green_a year_n will_v soon_o ripen_v than_o our_o sex_n change_v therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o our_o sex_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o privilege_n of_o our_o age._n wherefore_o herodotus_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o 7._o lib._n 7._o that_o persis_n the_o son_n of_o andromede_n the_o sister_n of_o cepheus_n do_v succeed_v cepheus_n in_o his_o kingdom_n give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n because_o
cepheus_n have_v no_o male_a child_n 4._o lib._n 4._o and_o diodorus_n assign_v the_o same_o reason_n why_o teuthras_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o misia_n unto_o his_o daughter_n argiope_n because_o as_o to_o male_a issue_n he_o be_v childless_a and_o justin_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o mede_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o daughter_n of_o astyages_n because_o astyages_n have_v not_o son_n so_o do_v cyaxares_n in_o xenophon_n declare_v his_o daughter_n heiress_n to_o the_o median_a empire_n for_o say_v he_o i_o have_v no_o son_n that_o be_v legitimate_a so_o virgil_n concern_v king_n latinus_n he_o have_v no_o son_n no_o issue_n male_a be_v leave_v in_o prime_a of_o youth_n both_o be_v of_o life_n bereave_v and_o by_o one_o daughter_n this_o vast_a state_n possess_v homer_n discourse_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o crete_n n._n iliad_n n._n do_v very_o wise_o assign_v the_o reason_n why_o in_o succession_n the_o elder_a be_v common_o prefer_v before_o the_o young_a namely_o first_o for_o their_o priority_n of_o age_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o second_o for_o their_o great_a knowledge_n and_o experience_n zozimus_n also_o mention_n a_o persian_a law_n which_o give_v their_o empire_n to_o their_o king_n elder_a son_n thus_o do_v periander_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o corinth_n by_o order_n of_o birth_n as_o damascene_fw-la testify_v whence_o we_o be_v give_v to_o understand_v that_o although_o the_o child_n of_o decease_a parent_n in_o some_o degree_n from_o they_o may_v succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o their_o parent_n yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o proviso_n that_o they_o be_v as_o capable_a as_o the_o rest_n which_o bastard_n be_v not_o provide_v also_o that_o of_o such_o as_o be_v capable_a regard_v be_v have_v first_o to_o their_o sex_n and_o then_o to_o their_o age_n for_o the_o quality_n of_o sex_n and_o age_n as_o they_o be_v in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o people_n consider_v be_v so_o adherent_a to_o their_o person_n that_o they_o can_v be_v pluck_v asunder_o xix_o whether_o such_o a_o kingdom_n be_v part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v demand_v whether_o a_o kingdom_n thus_o convey_v be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o inheritance_n whereunto_o the_o most_o probable_a answer_n be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o inheritance_n yet_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o good_n and_o therefore_o innocent_a the_o three_o thought_n that_o the_o succession_n to_o such_o a_o kingdom_n may_v be_v lose_v if_o he_o who_o be_v to_o succeed_v do_v not_o fulfil_v the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a such_o peculiar_a and_o separate_a inheritance_n we_o may_v see_v in_o some_o fee-farm_n and_o copyhold_n give_v fee-farm_n and_o copy-holds_a why_o first_o give_v which_o be_v original_o give_v for_o the_o meliorate_n of_o land_n barren_a and_o desert_a under_o some_o small_a rent_n which_o be_v not_o to_o return_v back_o to_o the_o donor_n the_o like_a may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o right_n of_o patronage_n and_o royalty_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o a_o kingdom_n may_v belong_v to_o he_o who_o if_o he_o will_v may_v be_v heir_n to_o the_o good_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o he_o will_v he_o may_v also_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o inherit_v the_o good_n nor_o subject_n himself_o to_o the_o charge_n that_o attend_v they_o now_o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o kingdom_n by_o the_o people_n consent_n shall_v be_v settle_v on_o the_o king_n hereditary_a why_o the_o people_n will_v have_v their_o kingdom_n hereditary_a in_o the_o best_a manner_n of_o right_n that_o can_v be_v neither_o do_v they_o much_o regard_n whether_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o the_o inheritance_n or_o not_o since_o it_o be_v not_o for_o this_o that_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o hereditary_a order_n but_o that_o the_o title_n to_o the_o kingdom_n may_v be_v clear_a and_o that_o their_o king_n be_v extract_v from_o a_o royal_a stem_n may_v attract_v the_o more_o reverence_n from_o the_o people_n who_o be_v apt_a from_o their_o high_a birth_n and_o princely_a education_n to_o conceive_v the_o great_a hope_n of_o their_o heroic_a virtue_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n in_o possession_n may_v receive_v the_o great_a encouragement_n to_o be_v careful_a of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o with_o the_o great_a courage_n and_o magnanimity_n to_o defend_v it_o as_o know_v that_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v it_o to_o such_o as_o be_v either_o in_o gratitude_n or_o love_n most_o endear_v unto_o he_o xx._n the_o succession_n to_o kingdom_n be_v the_o same_o as_o that_o to_o other_o estate_n whether_o absolute_a but_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o succession_n to_o land_n absolute_o free_a and_o to_o land_n hold_v from_o another_o be_v diverse_a if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o hold_v of_o another_o or_o be_v not_o at_o first_o certain_o hold_v although_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o homage_n have_v be_v since_o do_v for_o it_o yet_o shall_v the_o succession_n by_o the_o law_n go_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o succession_n of_o freehold_n land_n go_v at_o such_o time_n when_o that_o kingdom_n be_v at_o the_o first_o institute_v xxi_o or_o hold_v from_o another_o but_o in_o such_o kingdom_n as_o be_v at_o first_o give_v to_o be_v hold_v from_o another_o as_o be_v the_o chief_a lord_n of_o it_o the_o manner_n of_o succession_n shall_v by_o the_o law_n be_v such_o as_o the_o succession_n to_o land_n hold_v in_o fee-farm_n within_o that_o kingdom_n be_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o investiture_n into_o that_o kingdom_n be_v at_o first_o give_v and_o that_o not_o always_o according_a to_o that_o law_n of_o the_o lumbards_n which_o we_o have_v prescribe_v for_o the_o goth_n vandal_n almain_n french_a burgundian_n english_a saxon_n and_o all_o the_o german_a nation_n which_o have_v by_o war_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n have_v every_o one_o of_o they_o their_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n concern_v thing_n hold_v in_o fee_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lumbards_n xxii_o of_o a_o lineal_a cognatical_a succession_n and_o what_o manner_n of_o transmission_n of_o right_n be_v therein_o but_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o succession_n much_o use_v in_o some_o kingdom_n not_o hereditary_a but_o as_o they_o call_v it_o lineal_a wherein_o be_v observe_v not_o that_o right_n which_o be_v call_v representative_a but_o a_o right_a to_o transmit_v the_o future_a succession_n as_o though_o it_o be_v already_o convey_v the_o law_n namely_o out_o of_o a_o hope_n which_o natural_o and_o of_o itself_o work_v nothing_o raise_v a_o certain_a true_a right_n namely_o such_o a_o right_a as_o arise_v from_o a_o conditional_a stipulation_n which_o at_o present_a give_v only_o a_o hope_n that_o it_o will_v be_v due_a which_o very_o hope_v they_o transmit_v unto_o the_o child_n spring_v from_o the_o loin_n of_o the_o first_o king_n but_o in_o a_o order_n that_o be_v certain_a so_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o child_n of_o the_o last_o possessor_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n as_o well_o of_o those_o that_o live_v as_o of_o those_o that_o be_v dead_a be_v to_o be_v admit_v with_o regard_n have_v as_o well_o among_o the_o live_n as_o the_o dead_a to_o the_o sex_n first_o and_o then_o to_o the_o age._n but_o if_o this_o right_n descend_v on_o the_o decease_a than_o this_o right_n shall_v pass_v to_o such_o as_o be_v descend_v from_o they_o amongst_a equal_n always_o observe_v the_o like_a prerogative_n of_o sex_n and_o then_o of_o age_n and_o the_o transmit_v of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o dead_a upon_o the_o live_n and_o of_o the_o live_n upon_o the_o dead_a and_o in_o case_n their_o child_n fail_v it_o descend_v unto_o those_o who_o be_v succession_n cognatical_a succession_n or_o if_o they_o live_v shall_v have_v be_v by_o the_o like_a transmission_n next_o unto_o he_o the_o same_o distinction_n of_o sex_n and_o age_n among_o equal_n be_v always_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o line_n so_o that_o no_o transition_n by_o reason_n of_o sex_n or_o age_n shall_v be_v make_v from_o one_o line_n to_o another_o so_o long_o as_o any_o remain_n of_o the_o first_o line_n of_o what_o sex_n or_o age_n soever_o and_o consequent_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o son_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o son_n of_o a_o daughter_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o brother_n 4._o see_v argentraeus_fw-la in_o his_o british_a history_n l._n 6._o c._n 4._o before_o the_o son_n of_o a_o sister_n so_o the_o son_n of_o a_o elder_a brother_n before_o the_o young_a brother_n this_o be_v the_o order_n of_o succession_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castille_n and_o of_o norway_n as_o pontanus_n testify_v in_o his_o danish_a history_n and_o such_o be_v the_o succession_n in_o many_o dutchy_n county_n and_o
but_o here_o it_o be_v also_o sometime_o question_v whether_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o tacit_a condition_n that_o thing_n remain_v so_o as_o they_o be_v when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v which_o we_o deny_v unless_o it_o do_v manifest_o appear_v that_o that_o present_a condition_n of_o thing_n be_v include_v in_o that_o only_a reason_n which_o we_o have_v say_v and_o we_o read_v of_o nothing_o more_o frequent_o in_o history_n than_o of_o ambassador_n who_o understand_v so_o great_a a_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o state_n as_o will_v render_v the_o whole_a matter_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o embassy_n frustrate_v have_v return_v home_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n xxvi_o or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n which_o be_v take_v either_o from_o something_o that_o be_v unlawful_a necessary_a court_n of_o equity_n necessary_a the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o the_o will_n be_v guess_v at_o either_o by_o natural_a reason_n or_o by_o some_o other_o sign_n of_o the_o will._n the_o proper_a office_n to_o judge_v at_o the_o will_n by_o right_a reason_n aristotle_n assign_v to_o prudence_n in_o the_o understanding_n and_o in_o the_o will_n to_o equity_n which_o he_o very_o fit_o define_v to_o be_v the_o correction_n or_o moderation_n of_o that_o wherein_o the_o law_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o generality_n be_v deficient_a which_o ought_v to_o take_v place_n as_o well_o in_o testament_n as_o in_o contract_n respective_o for_o see_v that_o all_o emergent_a case_n can_v neither_o be_v foresee_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n nor_o except_v in_o the_o law_n therefore_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o some_o liberty_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o the_o exempt_n of_o such_o case_n as_o he_o that_o make_v the_o law_n will_v have_v exempt_v have_v he_o be_v present_a or_o can_v he_o have_v foresee_v it_o and_o yet_o be_v not_o this_o rash_o to_o be_v admit_v for_o that_o be_v to_o make_v himself_o lord_n over_o another_o man_n act_n but_o then_o only_o when_o we_o have_v sufficient_a sign_n to_o justify_v our_o conjecture_n whereof_o none_o can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o this_o when_o they_o will_v binds_z we_o to_o thing_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o god_n or_o nature_n for_o such_o law_n have_v no_o power_n to_o oblige_v be_v necessary_o to_o be_v exempt_v quaedam_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la nulla_fw-la significatione_n legis_fw-la comprehensa_fw-la sint_fw-la natura_fw-la tamen_fw-la excipiuntur_fw-la there_o be_v some_o thing_n say_v quintilian_n that_o natural_o be_v exempt_v although_o they_o be_v not_o comprehend_v by_o any_o signification_n of_o the_o law_n as_o he_o that_o have_v promise_v to_o restore_v a_o sword_n to_o he_o who_o entrust_v he_o with_o it_o if_o the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v mad_a he_o ought_v not_o to_o deliver_v it_o lest_o he_o thereby_o create_v danger_n to_o himself_o or_o to_o some_o other_o that_o be_v innocent_a so_o neither_o be_v we_o to_o restore_v a_o thing_n to_o he_o that_o deposit_v it_o with_o we_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n demand_v it_o this_o i_o approve_v of_o say_v triphonius_n to_o be_v justice_n that_o so_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o he_o detract_v not_o from_o the_o just_a claim_n of_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o such_o be_v the_o force_n of_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v that_o not_o to_o return_v a_o thing_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n when_o know_v be_v altogether_o unjust_a xxvii_o or_o when_o some_o too_o great_a a_o charge_n arise_v to_o the_o promiser_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o act_n the_o second_o sign_n shall_v be_v this_o when_o strict_o to_o follow_v the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o and_o altogether_o unlawful_a but_o when_o it_o bind_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o to_o a_o prudent_a and_o weal-balanced_a judgement_n be_v too_o grievous_a and_o intolerable_a and_o that_o whether_o we_o respect_v humanity_n itself_o absolute_o or_o by_o compare_v the_o person_n promise_v and_o the_o thing_n promise_v with_o the_o end_n for_o which_o such_o a_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v make_v so_o he_o that_o lend_v a_o thing_n for_o such_o a_o time_n may_v require_v it_o before_o that_o time_n if_o he_o stand_v in_o great_a want_n of_o it_o because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o do_v his_o friend_n a_o courtesy_n in_o that_o wherein_o he_o shall_v do_v himself_o a_o manifest_a injury_n so_o he_o that_o shall_v promise_v succour_n to_o his_o ally_n shall_v be_v excuse_v in_o case_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n at_o home_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o those_o force_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o that_o promise_v immunity_n from_o tribute_n and_o tax_n mean_v only_o from_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a tax_n not_o from_o those_o that_o may_v be_v impose_v in_o time_n of_o great_a danger_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o it_o be_v too_o loose_o say_v of_o cicero_n that_o those_o promise_n be_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v unprofitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v nor_o those_o which_o do_v more_o endamage_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v for_o the_o person_n promise_v be_v no_o competent_a judge_n whether_o the_o thing_n promise_v will_v be_v profitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o be_v before_o instance_a of_o apparent_a madness_n neither_o be_v every_o damage_n sufficient_a to_o absolve_v the_o promiser_n from_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o the_o damage_n must_v be_v such_o as_o even_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o act_n it_o may_v be_v believe_v that_o can_v it_o have_v be_v foresee_v it_o will_v have_v be_v exempt_v so_o he_o that_o be_v engage_v to_o do_v so_o many_o day_n service_n for_o another_o be_v acquit_v from_o his_o engagement_n if_o either_o his_o father_n or_o his_o son_n be_v affect_v with_o some_o dangerous_a sickness_n this_o be_v cicero_n opinion_n in_o this_o case_n if_o be_v retain_v to_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o thy_o client_n thy_o son_n shall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n fall_v desperate_o sick_a non_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la officium_fw-la 1._o off._n l._n 1._o non_fw-la facere_fw-la quod_fw-la dixeris_fw-la thou_o be_v not_o in_o duty_n bind_v to_o attend_v that_o cause_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n to_o be_v understand_v then_o do_v i_o break_v my_o word_n then_o may_v i_o be_v just_o charge_v with_o levity_n 35._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 4._o c._n 35._o when_o all_o thing_n remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v i_o do_v not_o perform_v what_o i_o promise_v but_o in_o case_n there_o fall_v out_o any_o unexpected_a change_n concern_v that_o whereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v it_o give_v i_o liberty_n to_o consult_v anew_o and_o yet_o i_o preserve_v my_o faith_n i_o be_o haply_o retain_v in_o a_o cause_n wherein_o i_o do_v afterward_o conceive_v that_o my_o father_n may_v be_v damnify_v i_o have_v promise_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n into_o the_o country_n with_o such_o a_o companion_n but_o i_o understand_v since_o that_o the_o way_n be_v infest_a with_o robber_n i_o have_v engage_v my_o word_n to_o be_v present_a and_o to_o assist_v in_o such_o a_o business_n but_o be_o with_o hold_v by_o the_o unexpected_a sickness_n of_o my_o son_n or_o by_o my_o wife_n fall_v into_o labour_n omnia_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la fucrunt_fw-la cum_fw-la promitterem_fw-la ut_fw-la promittentis_fw-la fidem_fw-la teneas_fw-la all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v when_o i_o promise_v to_o oblige_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o do_v promise_v where_o by_o all_o thing_n we_o must_v understand_v all_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o act_n which_o be_v in_o question_n 1595._o see_v camd._n anno_fw-la 1595._o the_o english_a do_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o these_o politic_a maxim_n both_o with_o the_o hollander_n and_o with_o the_o hans-town_n as_o camden_n record_v for_o when_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o assist_v the_o state_n of_o holland_n have_v draw_v down_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o spain_n against_o herself_o and_o therefore_o for_o her_o necessary_a defence_n demand_v those_o vast_a sum_n lend_v they_o to_o prosecute_v their_o war_n they_o urge_v that_o that_o money_n be_v not_o due_a by_o their_o contract_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n and_o that_o until_o then_o she_o be_v oblige_v in_o honour_n to_o assist_v they_o she_o answer_v that_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o contract_n when_o for_o just_a cause_n
and_o the_o like_a the_o same_o almost_o may_v be_v say_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o man_n enjoy_v either_o jure_fw-la precario_fw-la by_o entreaty_n or_o permission_n respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o in_o his_o own_o private_a right_n respect_n be_v have_v to_o that_o sovereign_n right_o that_o every_o city_n or_o state_n have_v over_o it_o for_o the_o public_a and_o general_a safety_n now_o if_o any_o of_o these_o shall_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n it_o be_v not_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o proper_o as_o a_o punishment_n but_o as_o the_o execution_n of_o that_o precedent_a right_n which_o by_o promise_n be_v transfer_v to_o he_o that_o take_v it_o so_o when_o that_o beast_n be_v put_v to_o death_n with_o who_o a_o man_n have_v have_v copulation_n as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n be_v decree_v it_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n forasmuch_o as_o a_o beast_n have_v no_o law_n can_v be_v say_v proper_o to_o sin_n and_o consequent_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o punishment_n but_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o right_n and_o dominion_n that_o man_n have_v over_o beast_n to_o do_v with_o they_o as_o they_o please_v xii_o proper_o no_o man_n can_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o another_o fault_n these_o distinction_n be_v grant_v we_o say_v that_o no_o innocent_a person_n can_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o default_n of_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o every_o punishment_n presuppose_v a_o offence_n and_o every_o offence_n must_v needs_o be_v personal_a because_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o will_n and_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o true_o and_o proper_o we_o than_o that_o which_o derive_v its_o be_v from_o we_o xiii_o no_o not_o the_o child_n for_o their_o parent_n it_o be_v st_n hieroms_n observation_n that_o neque_fw-la virtutes_fw-la neque_fw-la vitia_fw-la parentum_fw-la liberis_fw-la imputantur_fw-la that_o neither_o the_o virtue_n nor_o vice_n of_o parent_n be_v impute_v unto_o their_o child_n and_o st_n augustine_n conclude_v peremptory_o 105._o peremptory_o epist._n 105._o that_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o the_o perfection_n of_o god_n justice_n to_o punish_v a_o innocent_a dion_z chrysostome_n when_o he_o have_v say_v that_o by_o the_o athenian_a law_n the_o child_n be_v sometime_o put_v to_o death_n for_o their_o parent_n crime_n speak_v of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n he_o subjoin_v but_o this_o law_n do_v not_o like_o the_o other_o punish_v the_o posterity_n of_o those_o that_o sin_n but_o make_v every_o man_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o his_o own_o misery_n according_a to_o that_o common_a proverb_n noxa_fw-la sequitur_fw-la caput_fw-la the_o punishment_n follow_v the_o malefactor_n only_o we_o do_v decree_n say_v the_o christian_a emperor_n that_o where_o the_o guilt_n be_v there_o shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n for_o sin_n like_o a_o viper_n devour_v its_o own_o parent_n and_o therefore_o our_o fear_n shall_v not_o be_v extend_v far_a than_o our_o guilt_n quis_fw-la locus_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la si_fw-la alienum_fw-la crimen_fw-la maculet_fw-la nescientem_fw-la where_o say_v st_n augustine_n shall_v innocence_n find_v sanctuary_n if_o the_o child_n that_o be_v ignorant_a and_o innocent_a must_v be_v involve_v in_o his_o father_n punishment_n philo_z in_o his_o special_a law_n 2._o lib._n 2._o abominate_v the_o custom_n of_o some_o nation_n in_o destroy_v the_o child_n of_o traitor_n and_o tyrant_n say_v justum_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la esse_fw-la poenas_fw-la quorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la delicta_fw-la it_o be_v just_a that_o they_o shall_v suffer_v that_o have_v sin_v and_o in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v nothing_o say_v he_o more_o unjust_a or_o of_o more_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o a_o state_n than_o to_o deny_v either_o the_o virtuous_a child_n of_o wicked_a parent_n their_o deserve_a honour_n or_o the_o wicked_a child_n of_o virtuous_a parent_n their_o due_a punishment_n for_o the_o law_n judge_v every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o own_o work_n and_o neither_o commend_v any_o man_n for_o the_o virtue_n nor_o condemn_v any_o man_n for_o the_o vice_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o josephus_n condemn_v the_o contrary_a fact_n in_o alexander_n king_n of_o the_o jew_n call_v it_o the_o exaction_n of_o punishment_n exceed_v all_o humane_a measure_n so_o also_o do_v dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n where_o he_o confute_v that_o common_a pretence_n of_o cruelty_n which_o be_v that_o malus_fw-la corvus_fw-la malum_fw-la ovum_fw-la the_o child_n will_v be_v like_o the_o father_n for_o this_o also_o say_v he_o be_v very_o uncertain_a and_o a_o uncertain_a fear_n can_v be_v no_o ground_n sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o certain_a death_n one_o be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o tell_v arcadius_n a_o christian_a emperor_n that_o the_o child_n shall_v also_o attend_v their_o guilty_a parent_n to_o death_n if_o but_o suspect_v to_o have_v be_v infect_v by_o their_o example_n and_o ammianus_n relate_v a_o story_n of_o a_o daughter_n at_o that_o time_n very_o little_a that_o be_v put_v to_o death_n nè_fw-la ad_fw-la parentum_fw-la exempla_fw-la succresceret_fw-la lest_o she_o shall_v grow_v to_o be_v like_o her_o parent_n neither_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o revenge_n any_o just_a cause_n to_o destroy_v the_o child_n of_o guilty_a parent_n which_o occasion_v that_o greek_a proverb_n who_o kill_v the_o sire_n and_o save_v the_o son_n a_o fool_n for_o as_o seneca_n note_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o unrighteous_a than_o for_o a_o child_n to_o inherit_v his_o father_n malice_n pausanias_n the_o greek_a emperor_n will_v not_o do_v the_o least_o hurt_n to_o the_o child_n of_o attaginus_n who_o have_v cause_v the_o theban_n to_o revolt_v unto_o the_o mede_n presume_v that_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o that_o conspiracy_n and_o m._n anthony_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n command_v they_o to_o pardon_v the_o son_n of_o avidius_n cassius_n who_o have_v conspire_v against_o he_o together_o with_o his_o son-in-law_n and_o his_o wife_n add_v but_o what_o speak_v i_o of_o pardon_v they_o who_o have_v do_v no_o evil_n and_o julian_n high_o commend_v the_o like_a humanity_n in_o constantius_n show_v that_o good_a child_n do_v many_o time_n spring_v from_o wicked_a parent_n as_o bee_n out_o of_o rock_n figgs_n out_o of_o bitter_a wood_n and_o pomegranate_n from_o thorn_n fourteen_o the_o objection_n take_v from_o god_n deal_v with_o man_n answer_v but_o god_n in_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n threaten_v to_o visit_v the_o sin_n of_o father_n upon_o their_o child_n but_o he_o have_v a_o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n not_o only_o over_o our_o good_n but_o life_n also_o as_o be_v his_o own_o gift_n which_o he_o may_v take_v away_o from_o we_o at_o any_o time_n and_o that_o without_o any_o other_o cause_n give_v than_o his_o own_o will_n if_o therefore_o he_o do_v at_o any_o time_n by_o some_o violent_a and_o untimely_a death_n snatch_v away_o the_o child_n of_o a_o achan_n saul_n jeroboam_n ahab_n or_o the_o like_a he_o do_v but_o exercise_v his_o own_o right_n of_o dominion_n and_o not_o that_o of_o punishment_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o same_o effect_n he_o do_v the_o more_o exquisite_o punish_v the_o parent_n of_o those_o child_n 9_o rab._n simon_n barsemi_fw-fr 2_o sam._n 21._o 1_o king_n 14._o 2_o king_n 8_o 9_o 10._o hom._n 29._o in_o gen._n 9_o as_o some_o of_o the_o jewish_a doctor_n teach_v very_o true_o for_o whether_o the_o parent_n do_v survive_v their_o child_n which_o the_o divine_a law_n do_v chief_o respect_n and_o therefore_o extend_v not_o its_o threat_n beyond_o the_o four_o generation_n which_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o see_v exod._n 25._o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o parent_n be_v even_o therein_o intend_v to_o be_v more_o severe_o punish_v by_o so_o sad_a a_o example_n as_o be_v thereby_o more_o deep_o wound_v than_o by_o their_o own_o suffering_n as_o chrysostome_n well_o observe_v wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o plutarch_n nullum_fw-la durius_fw-la supplicium_fw-la quam_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la ex_fw-la se_fw-la sunt_fw-la ob_fw-la se_fw-la miseros_fw-la spectare_fw-la no_o punishment_n so_o grievous_a as_o to_o see_v those_o bear_v of_o we_o to_o be_v for_o our_o fault_n miserable_a or_o whether_o the_o parent_n do_v not_o live_v so_o long_o as_o to_o see_v their_o child_n suffering_n yet_o doubtless_o to_o depart_v this_o life_n in_o that_o fear_n be_v a_o most_o dreadful_a torment_n the_o hardness_n of_o man_n heart_n say_v tertullian_n do_v urge_v the_o almighty_a to_o this_o severity_n that_o so_o they_o that_o have_v any_o care_n of_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o posterity_n may_v yield_v the_o more_o ready_a obedience_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o alexander_n in_o curtius_n who_o be_v demand_v what_o shall_v become_v of_o their_o innocent_a
they_o or_o when_o they_o do_v some_o profitable_a act_n be_v not_o command_v but_o voluntary_o and_o free_o and_o beyond_o their_o duty_n wherein_o though_o servant_n they_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o friend_n as_o also_o when_o a_o servant_n or_o slave_n shall_v out_o of_o his_o dimensum_fw-la or_o allowance_n pinch_v his_o own_o carcase_n to_o save_v somewhat_o every_o day_n or_o by_o improve_n his_o spare_a time_n gain_v something_o to_o himself_o this_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n his_o peculium_fw-la which_o be_v as_o theophilus_n define_v it_o his_o natural_a patrimony_n as_o if_o thou_o shall_v call_v the_o marriage_n of_o a_o bondman_n with_o a_o bondwoman_n a_o natural_a marriage_n which_o stock_n ulpian_n call_v pusillum_fw-la patrimonium_fw-la a_o small_a patrimony_n such_o be_v that_o which_o ulysses_n propose_v to_o eumaeus_n and_o philaetus_fw-la vestrum_fw-la utrique_fw-la thori_fw-la socias_fw-la dabo_fw-la largiar_fw-la &_o rem_fw-la vicinasque_fw-la domos_fw-la nostrae_fw-la wife_n for_o you_o both_o and_o good_n will_v i_o provide_v and_o house_n where_o near_o we_o you_o may_v reside_v thus_o also_o varro_n speak_v of_o servant_n say_v that_o by_o treat_v they_o liberal_o as_o by_o enlarge_n their_o proportion_n in_o diet_n and_o clothing_n by_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o their_o hard_a labour_n or_o by_o grant_v they_o some_o little_a stock_n of_o their_o own_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o those_o of_o their_o master_n they_o may_v be_v make_v more_o sedulous_a careful_a and_o industrious_a than_o they_o will_v be_v neither_o will_v it_o be_v much_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o say_v peculium_fw-la peculium_fw-la that_o such_o a_o little_a stock_n may_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v either_o take_v away_o or_o diminish_v at_o pleasure_n for_o in_o case_n he_o do_v so_o without_o just_a cause_n he_o deal_v very_o unrighteous_o with_o they_o but_o a_o just_a cause_n there_o may_v be_v not_o only_a when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o when_o it_o be_v do_v to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o lord_n for_o the_o servant_n profit_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o his_o lord_n than_o the_o good_n of_o citizen_n to_o the_o city_n they_o inhabit_v ben._n lib._n 7._o de_fw-fr ben._n very_o pertinent_a hereunto_o be_v that_o of_o seneca_n it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o a_o servant_n have_v nothing_o because_o his_o lord_n may_v choose_v whether_o he_o shall_v have_v any_o thing_n and_o again_o in_o the_o same_o place_n who_o can_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o servant_n together_o with_o his_o stock_n be_v the_o lord_n yet_o may_v the_o servant_n present_v his_o lord_n with_o a_o gift_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v re-demand_a that_o debt_n which_o be_v due_a unto_o his_o servant_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o servitude_n he_o pay_v he_o after_o his_o manumission_n for_o as_o trophoninus_n testify_v debiti_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la debiti_fw-la ratio_fw-la in_o condidictione_n naturaliter_fw-la intelligitur_fw-la in_o personal_a action_n the_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v due_a or_o not_o due_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v natural_o but_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v be_v indebt_v to_o his_o slave_n natural_o as_o therefore_o client_n may_v confer_v something_o to_o the_o use_n of_o patron_n and_o subject_n to_o the_o use_n of_o king_n so_o we_o may_v read_v of_o some_o servant_n who_o have_v out_o of_o their_o own_o small_a stock_n contribute_v something_o to_o the_o use_n of_o their_o lord_n 16._o diony_n lib._n 1._o lib._n 8._o ep._n 16._o as_o in_o case_n he_o be_v to_o raise_v a_o portion_n for_o the_o marry_n of_o his_o daughter_n or_o to_o redeem_v a_o son_n out_o of_o captivity_n or_o upon_o such_o like_a accident_n pliny_n indulge_v this_o favour_n to_o his_o slave_n that_o they_o may_v make_v their_o will_n and_o give_v or_o bequeath_v what_o they_o have_v get_v unto_o any_o so_o they_o be_v of_o his_o own_o family_n among_o some_o nation_n we_o read_v that_o a_o full_a right_n of_o acquire_v thing_n be_v grant_v unto_o they_o according_a to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o servitude_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o describe_v 3._o lib._n 2._o c._n 3._o and_o many_o nation_n have_v correct_v their_o law_n reduce_v their_o external_a right_n of_o lord_n over_o their_o servant_n unto_o that_o internal_a justice_n which_o we_o have_v heretofore_o expound_v for_o even_o among_o the_o grecian_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o slave_n be_v too_o rigorous_o treat_v to_o demand_v that_o they_o may_v be_v sell_v and_o even_o at_o rome_n they_o may_v add_v statuas_n confugere_fw-la fly_v to_o the_o statue_n or_o implore_v the_o assistance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n in_o case_n of_o famine_n cruelty_n or_o any_o such_o unsufferable_a injury_n do_v they_o and_o this_o also_o be_v now_o allow_v though_o not_o in_o the_o strictness_n of_o right_n yet_o as_o proceed_v from_o the_o goodness_n and_o humanity_n and_o sometime_o such_o as_o may_v be_v in_o equity_n due_a as_o that_o after_o long_a and_o very_a hard_a service_n they_o have_v reward_v that_o service_n with_o liberty_n so_o say_v ulpian_n after_o that_o captivity_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n come_v to_o be_v in_o force_n manumission_n become_v a_o courtesy_n a_o example_n whereof_o terence_n give_v we_o thou_o be_v my_o slave_n till_o i_o enfranchise_v thou_o because_o thou_o do_v thy_o duty_n cheerful_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v customary_a to_o set_v a_o slave_n at_o liberty_n if_o he_o can_v procure_v eight_o time_n as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v buy_v for_o 3._o lib._n 3._o salvianus_n observe_v that_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v of_o frequent_a use_n that_o servant_n though_o not_o of_o the_o best_a yet_o at_o least_o not_o of_o the_o worst_a kind_n of_o servitude_n be_v reward_v with_o liberty_n and_o as_o he_o add_v be_v permit_v to_o carry_v away_o with_o they_o whatsoever_o they_o have_v get_v in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o service_n whereof_o we_o have_v many_o example_n yet_o extant_a in_o our_o martyrology_n and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o commend_v the_o generosity_n of_o the_o hebrew_n law_n which_o command_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v serve_v out_o his_o time_n prefix_v 15.13_o deut._n 15.13_o shall_v be_v altogether_o free_a and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o go_v away_o empty_a hand_a that_o be_v as_o their_o custom_n expound_v it_o that_o his_o gift_n shall_v not_o be_v less_o worth_a than_o thirty_o sicle_n which_o in_o our_o money_n amount_v to_o about_o three_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n against_o the_o contempt_n of_o this_o law_n the_o prophet_n do_v bitter_o complain_v the_o like_a do_v plutarch_n of_o cato_n major_n for_o sell_v his_o captive_n who_o have_v faithful_o serve_v he_o until_o they_o be_v almost_o wear_v out_o with_o age_n forget_v the_o common_a condition_n of_o mankind_n vii_o whether_o captive_n may_v fly_v but_o here_o fall_v in_o another_o question_n namely_o whether_o a_o captive_n take_v in_o a_o just_a war_n may_v lawful_o make_v his_o escape_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o he_o that_o for_o some_o particular_a fault_n of_o his_o own_o have_v deserve_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o liberty_n but_o of_o he_o who_o in_o the_o public_a discharge_n of_o his_o duty_n fall_v into_o this_o calamity_n whereunto_o the_o best_a answer_n be_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v by_o the_o general_a content_n of_o all_o nation_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o city_n he_o owe_v his_o labour_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v unless_o to_o avoid_v some_o intolerable_a cruelty_n he_o be_v enforce_v so_o to_o do_v viii_o whether_o they_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o slave_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o how_o far_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o start_v another_o question_n whether_o or_o no_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o child_n that_o be_v bear_v of_o such_o captive_n be_v by_o a_o internal_a right_n bind_v to_o he_o who_o bondman_n the_o parent_n be_v which_o question_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n so_o take_v in_o war_n can_v be_v well_o omit_v for_o if_o their_o parent_n do_v for_o their_o own_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n child_n that_o be_v expect_v to_o be_v bear_v of_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v for_o give_v they_o their_o life_n which_o otherwise_o they_o have_v never_o have_v for_o otherwise_o also_o even_o for_o want_v of_o food_n and_o raiment_n their_o parent_n have_v power_n to_o have_v sell_v they_o for_o slave_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v such_o a_o right_n it_o be_v that_o god_n himself_o give_v unto_o the_o hebrew_n 5._o lib._n 2._o c._n 5._o over_o the_o child_n of_o the_o cannanite_n so_o for_o the_o public_a debt_n of_o a_o city_n child_n already_o bear_v 15.13_o deut._n 15.13_o as_o be_v a_o part_n of_o
truce_n be_v grant_v in_o favour_n to_o one_o side_n only_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o the_o detriment_n of_o the_o other_o sometime_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o during_o the_o truce_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a to_o come_v and_o go_v at_o pleasure_n sometime_o again_o safety_n to_o our_o person_n be_v grant_v but_o not_o to_o our_o thing_n in_o which_o case_n if_o any_o man_n person_n shall_v be_v hurt_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o good_n nothing_o shall_v be_v judge_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o truce_n for_o since_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o defend_v our_o good_n personal_a safety_n be_v here_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o that_o which_o be_v principal_a and_o not_o to_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n only_o xi_o a_o truce_n break_v on_o one_o side_n may_v discharge_v the_o other_o if_o the_o truce_n be_v break_v on_o one_o side_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o the_o injure_a party_n may_v take_v arm_n without_o any_o other_o solemn_a denunciation_n for_o every_o article_n imply_v a_o condition_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v 20.36_o say_v book_n 3._o ch._n 19_o sect._n 19_o &_o ch._n 20.36_o some_o example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n where_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o truce_n have_v be_v connive_v at_o even_o to_o the_o end_n of_o it_o but_o we_o may_v likewise_o read_v of_o the_o war_n make_v against_o the_o hetrusci_n and_o other_o for_o do_v thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o truce_n agree_v on_o from_o both_o which_o different_a example_n we_o may_v collect_v that_o the_o injure_a party_n may_v lawful_o take_v arm_n but_o whether_o he_o will_v make_v use_n of_o this_o right_a or_o not_o lie_v in_o his_o own_o choice_n xii_o what_o if_o a_o punishment_n be_v add_v but_o this_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o punishment_n agree_v upon_o be_v require_v be_v according_o inflict_v on_o he_o that_o break_v the_o truce_n than_o the_o party_n injure_v have_v no_o right_a to_o make_v war_n upon_o that_o account_n for_o to_o this_o end_n be_v the_o offender_n punish_v that_o all_o other_o may_v be_v secure_v so_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o injure_a person_n shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o make_v war_n then_o be_v the_o offender_n acquit_v of_o punishment_n xiii_o when_o private_a act_n break_v the_o peace_n but_o yet_o what_o be_v do_v by_o a_o private_a person_n break_v not_o a_o truce_n without_o the_o access_n of_o some_o public_a act_n that_o be_v of_o command_n or_o approbation_n but_o if_o he_o that_o do_v it_o be_v neither_o punish_v nor_o deliver_v nor_o restitution_n make_v it_o shall_v be_v repute_v as_o do_v by_o the_o public_a order_n of_o the_o state_n fourteen_o free_a passage_n without_o a_o truce_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v a_o freedom_n to_o pass_v to_o and_o fro_o when_o no_o truce_n be_v agree_v on_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o privilege_n and_o will_v therefore_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o interpretation_n as_o be_v already_o declare_v 12._o declare_v book_n 2._o ch._n 16._o sect._n 12._o where_o we_o treat_v of_o privilege_n now_o this_o privilege_n be_v neither_o prejudicial_a to_o any_o three_o person_n nor_o grievous_a to_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n but_o with_o some_o allowance_n of_o favour_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o word_n will_v bear_v it_o but_o especial_o if_o it_o be_v free_o offer_v and_o not_o grant_v at_o the_o request_n of_o he_o that_o have_v it_o but_o much_o more_o when_o beside_o that_o which_o be_v private_a there_o be_v any_o public_a advantage_n to_o be_v gain_v thereby_o we_o be_v therefore_o to_o forbear_v rigorous_o to_o interpret_v any_o such_o pass_n though_o the_o word_n may_v perhaps_o warrant_v it_o unless_o otherwise_o some_o great_a absurdity_n will_v ensue_v or_o that_o we_o be_v thereunto_o lead_v by_o very_o probable_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v so_o intend_v by_o he_o that_o give_v they_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o favourable_a construction_n even_o beyond_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n shall_v take_v place_n rather_o than_o any_o such_o like_a absurdity_n shall_v be_v admit_v especial_o if_o we_o shall_v be_v thereunto_o induce_v by_o any_o such_o probable_a conjecture_n xv._o who_o may_v be_v admit_v under_o the_o name_n of_o soldier_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o a_o safe_a pass_v give_v unto_o soldier_n comprehend_v not_o inferior_a captain_n only_o but_o even_o chief_a commander_n because_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o word_n will_v admit_v of_o such_o a_o construction_n although_o also_o it_o may_v admit_v of_o another_o more_o strict_a so_o under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o clerk_n may_v be_v understand_v a_o bishop_n as_o under_o that_o of_o soldier_n mariner_n employ_v in_o a_o ship_n may_v be_v comprise_v and_o all_o such_o as_o in_o that_o war_n be_v engage_v by_o a_o military_a oath_n xvi_o leave_v give_v to_o come_v imply_v leave_n give_v to_o return_v leave_v give_v to_o come_v shall_v be_v understand_v as_o if_o it_o be_v also_o give_v to_o return_v yet_o not_o through_o the_o force_n of_o the_o word_n but_o to_o avoid_v somewhat_o that_o will_v otherwise_o be_v absurd_a for_o that_o which_o be_v intend_v as_o a_o courtesy_n shall_v not_o by_o any_o construction_n be_v render_v unprofitable_a wherefore_o it_o imply_v also_o a_o safe_a return_n so_o far_o until_o we_o shall_v arrive_v thither_o where_o we_o may_v be_v in_o safety_n 17._o diod._n sic._n lib._n 17._o it_o be_v therefore_o but_o treachery_n in_o alexander_n to_o cause_v those_o person_n to_o be_v kill_v in_o their_o journey_n homeward_o to_o who_o he_o have_v indulge_v the_o favour_n to_o depart_v concern_v which_o fact_n plutarch_n give_v his_o censure_n thus_o haec_fw-la velut_fw-la macula_fw-la adhaesit_fw-la bellicis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la regis_fw-la cetera_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la agere_fw-la &_o just_a &_o regaliter_fw-la soliti_fw-la this_o be_v a_o great_a blemish_n to_o the_o action_n of_o a_o king_n otherwise_o just_a and_o magnanimous_a but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o licence_n be_v give_v to_o depart_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o it_o be_v also_o give_v to_o return_v neither_o do_v that_o which_o be_v give_v we_o to_o come_v give_v we_o a_o right_a to_o send_v for_o these_o be_v two_o divers_a and_o distinct_a thing_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n why_o we_o shall_v seek_v after_o a_o sense_n beyond_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o word_n but_o yet_o a_o error_n herein_o commit_v though_o it_o confer_v no_o right_n yet_o certain_o it_o mitigate_v somewhat_o of_o the_o punishment_n if_o any_o such_o be_v add_v but_o even_o he_o to_o who_o leave_n be_v give_v to_o come_v may_v come_v once_o but_o not_o again_o unless_o the_o time_n limit_v in_o the_o pass_n be_v such_o as_o may_v induce_v we_o to_o believe_v otherwise_o xvii_o how_o far_o it_o extend_v to_o person_n the_o son_n shall_v not_o be_v permit_v to_o follow_v his_o father_n nor_o the_o wife_n her_o husband_n unless_o it_o be_v with_o a_o purpose_n to_o cohabit_v with_o he_o for_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o dwell_v but_o not_o to_o travel_v with_o our_o family_n a_o servant_n or_o two_o though_o not_o express_v yet_o may_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o such_o as_o can_v well_o travel_v without_o they_o for_o he_o that_o grant_v the_o principal_a may_v well_o be_v think_v to_o grant_v the_o necessary_a consequent_n which_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v moral_o understand_v xviii_o how_o far_o to_o good_n where_o licence_n be_v grant_v to_o person_n their_o good_n be_v also_o comprehend_v though_o haply_o not_o all_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v useful_a for_o traveller_n to_o carry_v with_o they_o xix_o to_z attendants_z under_o the_o word_n companion_n we_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v such_o who_o condition_n be_v more_o hateful_a than_o he_o to_o who_o the_o licence_n of_o safe-coming_a be_v grant_v as_o pirate_n robber_n fugitive_n and_o rebel_n if_o the_o nation_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v be_v in_o the_o passport_n express_v it_o evident_o exclude_v all_o foreigner_n from_o protection_n xx._n a_o pass_n die_v not_o with_o he_o that_o give_v it_o licence_n to_o pass_v free_o be_v grant_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v not_o in_o a_o case_n that_o be_v dubious_a make_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o he_o that_o grant_v it_o according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v 13._o say_v lib._n 2._o ch_n 13._o concern_v the_o grant_n of_o king_n and_o sovereign_a prince_n xxi_o during_o pleasure_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v it_o be_v likewise_o frequent_o question_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o clause_n in_o a_o pass_n during_o my_o pleasure_n whereunto_o the_o best_a answer_n be_v that_o this_o privilege_n shall_v
commendable_a wherefore_o they_o that_o blame_v king_n perseus_n for_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v delude_v through_o hope_n of_o peace_n have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o justice_n and_o fidelity_n 42._o liv._o l._n 42._o as_o to_o the_o generosity_n of_o a_o mind_n emulous_a of_o martial_a glory_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_o collect_v from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o deceit_n and_o stratagem_n usual_a in_o war._n such_o be_v that_o stratagem_n wherewith_o asdrubal_n preserve_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n out_o of_o the_o ausetane_a forest_n and_o that_o also_o whereby_o scipio_n african_a the_o elder_a 30._o see_v bo._n 3._o c._n 1._o §._o 6._o etc._n etc._n livy_n l._n 26._o lib._n 30._o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o syphax_n his_o camp_n both_o which_o we_o find_v record_v by_o livy_n who_o example_n l._n silvius_n also_o follow_v in_o the_o social_a war_n at_o esernia_n as_o frontinus_n inform_v we_o v._o of_o dumb_a sign_n which_o by_o custom_n be_v significant_a there_o be_v also_o some_o dumb_a sign_n which_o through_o custom_n be_v significant_a as_o testify_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n as_o of_o old_a the_o branch_n of_o olive_n and_o among_o the_o macedonian_n the_o erection_n of_o pike_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o cover_n of_o their_o head_n with_o their_o shield_n these_o be_v then_o the_o usual_a sign_n of_o submission_n and_o rendition_n so_o also_o be_v the_o fold_n of_o the_o hand_n behind_o they_o among_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o shield_n and_o ensign_n downward_o among_o the_o roman_n 22._o lib._n 18._o lib._n 26._o lib._n 22._o as_o ammianus_n testify_v the_o german_n and_o from_o they_o some_o other_o nation_n express_v their_o submission_n by_o the_o hold_v forth_o of_o herb_n or_o grass_n as_o pliny_n tell_v we_o and_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o conqueror_n do_v usual_o cast_v away_o their_o arm_n and_o beg_v mercy_n as_o servius_n note_v upon_o virgil._n but_o he_o that_o will_v signify_v his_o acception_n of_o a_o surrender_n whether_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v quarter_n and_o how_o far_o forth_o we_o may_v inform_v ourselves_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v above_o in_o our_o day_n the_o hang_v forth_o of_o a_o white_a flagg_n be_v a_o tacit_a sign_n that_o a_o treaty_n be_v demand_v so_o among_o the_o northern_a nation_n be_v the_o kindle_v of_o a_o fire_n as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v 30._o pliny_n l._n 15._o c._n 30._o the_o like_a do_v pliny_n write_v of_o the_o laurel_n all_o which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n be_v no_o less_o significant_a and_o consequent_o as_o obligatory_a as_o if_o they_o be_v express_v by_o word_n and_o voice_n vi_o of_o a_o tacit_a approbation_n of_o something_o demand_v a_o sponsion_n make_v by_o a_o general_n how_o far_o forth_o it_o may_v be_v believe_v to_o be_v tacit_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o prince_n or_o people_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v 17._o declare_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 4._o §._o 15._o &_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 15._o §._o 17._o as_o namely_o when_o both_o the_o act_n be_v sufficient_o know_v and_o thereupon_o some_o thing_n do_v or_o not_o do_v whereof_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o what_o proceed_v from_o their_o consent_n to_o that_o promise_n or_o agreement_n vii_o punishment_n when_o tacit_o remit_v we_o can_v conclude_v that_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v because_o it_o be_v for_o a_o time_n dissemble_v or_o connive_v at_o but_o some_o other_o act_n must_v necessary_o intervene_v which_o either_o by_o itself_o may_v argue_v either_o a_o perfect_a reconciliation_n as_o when_o a_o league_n of_o friendship_n be_v make_v with_o such_o a_o man_n or_o at_o least_o that_o the_o person_n offend_v have_v so_o great_a a_o opinion_n of_o the_o virtue_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o person_n punishable_a that_o what_o he_o former_o do_v deserve_v to_o be_v pardon_v whether_o this_o opinion_n be_v by_o word_n express_v or_o by_o such_o other_o mean_v as_o be_v usual_o take_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o viii_o whether_o the_o actor_n be_v pardon_v the_o instigator_n be_v also_o acquit_v another_o question_n we_o find_v discuss_v by_o polybius_n namely_o whether_o a_o punishment_n be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o do_v the_o mischief_n may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v remit_v to_o they_o that_o command_v it_o to_o be_v do_v which_o i_o conceive_v it_o ought_v not_o for_z singulos_fw-la tenent_fw-la sva_fw-la delicta_fw-la every_o fox_n ought_v to_o pay_v his_o own_o skin_n to_o the_o fleaer_fw-mi and_o every_o offender_n bear_v his_o own_o punishment_n a_o table_n put_v alphabetical_o guide_v to_o the_o principal_a matter_n and_o word_n contain_v in_o the_o treatise_n a._n abraham_n declare_v sarah_n to_o be_v his_o sister_n do_v not_o deny_v she_o to_o be_v his_o wife_n page_n 438_o abraham_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o four_o king_n with_o commission_n from_o god_n 13_o 15._o and_o give_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o spoil_n unto_o god_n page_n 468_o abraham_n son_n by_o keturah_n have_v legacy_n no_o land_n page_n 125_o abraham_n assist_v infidel_n in_o a_o social_n war_n page_n 185_o the_o absent_v right_o devolve_v upon_o the_o present_a page_n 114_o the_o absent_a sometime_o partake_v of_o the_o spoil_n page_n 476_o absolution_n and_o dispensation_n from_o oath_n from_o whence_o they_o arise_v 174._o to_o who_o they_o ancient_o belong_v ibid._n abstinence_n from_o spoil_v a_o country_n at_o peace_n page_n 431_o 432_o absurdity_n to_o avoid_v conjectural_a interpretation_n admit_v 197._o or_o other_o improper_a or_o figurative_a page_n 192_o 193_o what_o be_v accept_v in_o full_a of_o a_o debt_n be_v a_o discharge_v page_n 98_o acceptance_n to_o a_o promise_n that_o transfer_v a_o right_n requisite_a 154_o 155._o whether_o it_o be_v necessary_o to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n page_n 155_o acceptance_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o of_o what_o force_n page_n 156_o accusation_n criminal_a by_o none_o but_o person_n authorize_v page_n 374_o acquisition_n by_o war_n peculiar_a to_o a_o solemn_a war_n 480._o natural_o just_a 405._o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o acquisition_n improper_o say_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 134_o to_o action_n two_o thing_n excite_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o obtain_v it_o page_n 419_o act_n some_o abhor_v by_o humane_a nature_n page_n 6_o act_n contrary_a to_o oath_n sometime_o sinful_a sometime_o void_a page_n 173_o act_n beneficent_a permutatory_n page_n 157_o act_n diremptory_a commutatory_n mix_v page_n 158_o act_n general_o permit_v to_o all_o can_v just_o be_v deny_v to_o any_o without_o some_o cause_n page_n 86_o act_n in_o war_n either_o public_a or_o private_a what_o be_v take_v by_o the_o former_a be_v the_o state_n maintain_v the_o war_n what_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v they_o that_o take_v it_o page_n 472_o in_o such_o act_n of_o a_o king_n as_o private_a man_n do_v the_o civil_a law_n bind_v he_o but_o not_o in_o such_o as_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n page_n 177_o act_n against_o conscience_n unlawful_a page_n 411_o act_n not_o liable_a to_o humane_a law_n page_n 450_o act_n of_o king_n in_o which_o the_o law_n have_v power_n page_n 176_o act_n internal_a of_o the_o mind_n insufficient_a for_o alienation_n page_n 41_o act_n involuntary_a arise_v from_o voluntary_a natural_o account_v as_o voluntary_a page_n 203_o act_n inevitable_a to_o humane_a nature_n not_o subject_a to_o humane_a law_n 374._o nor_o such_o â—s_n be_v not_o direct_o or_o indirect_o destructive_a to_o humane_a society_n page_n 375_o act_n some_o in_o a_o just_a war_n not_o internal_o just_a page_n 498_o act_n of_o prepense_a maâ—â—â—_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v of_o humane_a frailty_n and_o be_v to_o be_v chastise_v of_o inevitable_a misfortune_n be_v to_o be_v pardon_v page_n 500_o actor_n be_v forgive_v whether_o the_o instigator_n be_v acquit_v page_n 370_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 136_o admonition_n concern_v thing_n do_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 494_o adopt_a son_n what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o they_o page_n 115_o adultery_n incest_n etc._n etc._n capital_o punish_v before_o moses_n page_n 16_o adultery_n to_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n betroth_v to_o another_o page_n 196_o of_o adultery_n he_o that_o put_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o he_o that_o marry_v she_o both_o guilty_a by_o the_o gospel_n page_n 106_o in_o adultery_n take_v if_o the_o husband_n kill_v the_o wife_n or_o the_o wife_n her_o husband_n the_o magistrate_n may_v remit_v the_o punishment_n but_o not_o the_o sin_n page_n 374_o a_o adulterer_n and_o a_o adulteress_n to_o what_o oblige_a page_n 202_o aetolian_n soldier_n of_o fortune_n page_n 549_o age_n 30._o year_n 3._o age_n 100_o year_n