shall_v after_o all_o find_v the_o life_n of_o st._n david_n not_o much_o clear_a than_o that_o of_o his_o nephew_n arthur_n for_o he_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v uncle_n to_o he_o by_o the_o mother_n side_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o be_v nonnita_n in_o capgrave_n nonna_n in_o the_o utrecht_n ms._n nemata_fw-la in_o colganus_fw-la melari_fw-la in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n kenna_n so_o colganus_n and_o bollandus_n say_v but_o in_o capgrave_n i_o find_v melari_fw-la say_v to_o be_v the_o mother_n to_o the_o father_n of_o st._n david_n i._n e._n to_o xantus_n king_n of_o the_o provincia_n ceretica_n i._n e._n cardiganshire_n so_o call_v from_o ceretus_fw-la father_n to_o xanctus_fw-la say_v some_o from_o caraticus_n who_o rule_v here_o as_o 518._o camden_n seem_v inclinable_a to_o believe_v that_o melari_fw-la be_v one_o of_o the_o 12_o daughter_n of_o braghanus_fw-la king_n of_o brecknock_n from_o who_o 2._o giraldus_n say_v the_o county_n take_v its_o name_n and_o he_o say_v from_o the_o british_a history_n that_o he_o have_v 24_o daughter_n but_o capgrave_n say_v he_o have_v 12_o son_n and_o 12_o daughter_n d._n powell_n in_o his_o note_n on_o giraldus_n say_v this_o brachanus_n his_o father_n be_v haulaphus_fw-la king_n of_o ireland_n and_o his_o mother_n a_o britain_n viz._n marcelia_n daughter_n to_o theodoric_n son_n of_o tethwaltus_fw-la king_n of_o garthmathrin_n afterward_o call_v brecknock_n another_o daughter_n of_o brachanus_n he_o say_v be_v wife_n to_o congenus_fw-la son_n to_o cadel_n king_n of_o powisland_n and_o mother_n of_o brochmiel_n who_o kill_v etheldred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o rout_v his_o army_n about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 603._o by_o this_o we_o see_v what_o a_o number_n of_o petty_a prince_n there_o be_v about_o that_o time_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o whether_o st._n david_n be_v uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n to_o king_n arthur_n or_o not_o we_o have_v not_o light_a enough_o to_o discover_v i_o shall_v pass_v over_o all_o the_o legendary_a part_n of_o his_o life_n and_o consider_v only_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o church-history_n of_o those_o time_n his_o domestic_a education_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v under_o pauleus_n or_o paulinus_n a_o disciple_n of_o st._n german_a with_o who_o he_o continue_v ten_o year_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n say_v giraldus_n but_o it_o seem_v more_o probable_a to_o have_v be_v whiteland_n in_o caermardenshire_n the_o school_n of_o iltutus_n be_v not_o far_o off_o in_o glamorganshire_n at_o lantwitt_n i._n e._n fanum_n iltuti_fw-la and_o in_o his_o life_n it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o come_v to_o the_o king_n of_o glamorgan_n and_o after_o that_o samson_n paulinus_n gildas_n and_o david_n be_v his_o scholar_n but_o bollandus_n show_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o mistake_n as_o to_o david_n and_o that_o instead_o of_o he_o it_o shall_v be_v read_v daniel_n who_o be_v a_o disciple_n of_o iltutus_n and_o consecrate_v first_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n by_o dubricius_n after_o this_o it_o be_v say_v that_o david_n and_o eliud_fw-la or_o teliaus_n and_o paternus_n go_v to_o jerusalem_n and_o david_n be_v there_o consecrate_v bishop_n by_o the_o patriarch_n and_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o in_o such_o a_o distract_a time_n at_o home_n they_o shall_v go_v to_o jerusalem_n when_o 17._o saint_n jerome_n in_o his_o time_n mention_n the_o britain_n go_v thither_o especial_o such_o as_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o devotion_n which_o humour_n spread_v so_o much_o that_o gregory_n nyssen_n write_v against_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n very_o much_o tend_v to_o superstition_n if_o not_o arise_v from_o it_o but_o it_o be_v most_o excusable_a in_o such_o a_o troublesome_a time_n at_o home_n not_o long_o after_o his_o return_n the_o famous_a synod_n at_o brevy_n be_v hold_v at_o a_o place_n call_v lhandewy-brevy_a the_o church_n of_o saint_n david_n at_o brevy_n here_o the_o vtrecht_n ms._n say_v be_v a_o synod_n assemble_v of_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o britain_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o pelagian_a controversy_n then_o revive_v giraldus_n say_v it_o be_v a_o general_a convention_n of_o clergy_n and_o laity_n but_o the_o former_a ms._n say_v there_o be_v present_a 118._o bishop_n beside_o abbat_n and_o other_o one_o will_v think_v it_o hard_o to_o find_v so_o many_o bishop_n in_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n and_o bollandus_n startle_v at_o it_o but_o colganus_n undertake_v to_o defend_v it_o have_v premise_v that_o giraldus_n and_o capgrave_n leave_v it_o out_o but_o he_o say_v there_o be_v more_o bishop_n at_o that_o time_n than_o afterward_o and_o more_o bishop_n than_o bishopric_n diocese_v not_o be_v then_o so_o limit_v as_o afterward_o and_o every_o monastery_n almost_o have_v a_o bishop_n its_o superior_a by_o which_o mean_n he_o justify_v saint_n patrick_n be_v consecrate_v as_o jocelin_n say_v 350_o bishop_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o after_o all_o this_o giraldus_n do_v much_o better_a to_o omit_v such_o a_o number_n in_o such_o a_o time_n unless_o there_o be_v better_a testimony_n concern_v it_o however_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a number_n there_o present_a yet_o st._n david_n be_v absent_a and_o first_o paulinus_n be_v send_v to_o he_o but_o he_o prevail_v not_o than_o daniel_n and_o dubricius_n go_v upon_o who_o entreaty_n he_o come_v and_o by_o his_o authority_n and_o eloquence_n put_v a_o effectual_a stop_n to_o pelagianism_n and_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o synod_n it_o be_v say_v that_o by_o general_a consent_n he_o be_v choose_v archbishop_n of_o caerleon_n dubricius_n desire_v to_o retire_v on_o the_o account_n of_o his_o age._n but_o here_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o considerable_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o succession_n to_o dubricius_n viz._n that_o teliaus_n be_v say_v to_o succeed_v dubricius_n at_o landaff_n and_o to_o have_v power_n over_o all_o the_o church_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o britain_n how_o can_v this_o be_v consistent_a with_o st._n david_n succeed_v dubricius_n in_o the_o see_v of_o caerleon_n which_o have_v the_o metropolitan_a power_n over_o those_o church_n 618._o bishop_n godwin_n out_o of_o bale_n and_o as_o he_o suppose_v out_o of_o leland_n say_v that_o st._n dubricius_n be_v first_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n be_v there_o consecrate_v by_o germanus_n and_o lupus_n and_o that_o afterward_o he_o be_v remove_v by_o a_o synod_n to_o caerleon_n and_o teliaus_n place_v in_o landaff_n but_o this_o by_o no_o mean_n clear_v the_o difficulty_n for_o although_o bale_n do_v there_o exact_o follow_v leland_n yet_o leland_n himself_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v consult_v the_o book_n of_o landaff_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o when_o dubricius_n be_v make_v archbishop_n he_o have_v the_o see_v of_o landaff_n confer_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o gift_n of_o mouricus_n then_o king_n and_o the_o three_o estate_n i._n e._n the_o noble_n clergy_n and_o people_n and_o all_o the_o land_n between_o the_o taff_n and_o elei_n and_o 42._o leland_n himself_o out_o of_o another_o author_n say_v that_o when_o dubricius_n be_v make_v archbishop_n landaff_n be_v make_v his_o cathedral_n church_n after_o dubricius_n his_o time_n teliaus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v archbishop_n several_a time_n in_o the_o book_n of_o landaff_n and_o after_o he_o oudoceus_n be_v call_v summus_n episcopus_fw-la and_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n in_o 〈◊〉_d sermon_n to_o calixtus_n 2._o anno_fw-la dom._n 1109._o say_v that_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o hand_n write_v of_o st._n teliaus_n that_o the_o church_n of_o landaff_n be_v superior_a in_o dignity_n to_o all_o other_o church_n in_o wales_n that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o most_o probable_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n be_v that_o when_o landaff_n be_v give_v to_o dubricius_n then_o archbishop_n he_o fix_v his_o see_v there_o and_o so_o landaff_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o caerleon_n but_o afterward_o when_o st._n david_n remove_v the_o archiepiscopal_n see_v to_o menevia_n a_o remote_a barren_a and_o inconvenient_a place_n as_o giraldus_n himself_o confess_v the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n assume_v the_o archiepiscopal_a power_n which_o have_v be_v in_o that_o see_v and_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n this_o be_v apparent_a from_o that_o passage_n of_o oùdocëus_fw-la who_o succeed_v theliaus_n in_o the_o book_n of_o landaff_n that_o he_o will_v not_o receive_v consecration_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n david_n as_o his_o metropolitan_a but_o have_v it_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n this_o be_v a_o very_a improbable_a thing_n at_o that_o time_n consider_v the_o hatred_n the_o britain_n do_v bear_v to_o the_o saxon_n and_o their_o bishop_n to_o augustin_n the_o monk_n it_o be_v far_o more_o likely_a that_o they_o receive_v it_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o dole_n in_o britain_n or_o from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o london_n then_o resident_a in_o those_o part_n
athens_n shall_v be_v without_o his_o druid_n or_o sanachy_n or_o bard_n who_o will_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n his_o famous_a action_n and_o therefore_o i_o can_v but_o wonder_n that_o the_o learned_a advocate_n shall_v seem_v to_o stick_v at_o their_o ancient_a origination_n and_o descent_n 15._o and_o be_v so_o unwilling_a to_o go_v any_o far_a back_n than_o their_o first_o settlement_n in_o scotland_n for_o no_o doubt_n the_o history_n of_o gathelus_n and_o scota_n be_v transmit_v to_o posterity_n the_o very_a same_o way_n that_o the_o other_o be_v and_o the_o same_o argument_n will_v indifferent_o serve_v for_o both_o nay_o why_o shall_v the_o british_a history_n be_v question_v since_o no_o doubt_n the_o britain_n have_v druid_n sanachy_n and_o bard_n as_o well_o as_o the_o scot_n or_o irish._n and_o yet_o the_o advocate_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v the_o british_a antiquity_n although_o they_o pretend_v to_o the_o very_a same_o ground_n which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o support_v the_o scottish_a if_o the_o druid_n be_v good_a historian_n in_o scotland_n why_o not_o much_o rather_o among_o the_o britain_n where_o caesar_n say_v they_o have_v their_o original_a institution_n and_o the_o most_o sacred_a authority_n but_o buchanan_n absolute_o deny_v that_o the_o druid_n ever_o write_v history_n 2._o and_o he_o affirm_v from_o caesar_n that_o when_o he_o come_v hither_o they_o have_v no_o record_n or_o way_n of_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o thing_n past_a and_o tacitus_n and_o gildas_n can_v meet_v with_o no_o certain_a account_n from_o domestic_a history_n and_o as_o to_o his_o sanachy_n and_o bard_n i_o shall_v only_o give_v he_o buchanan_n answer_n in_o his_o own_o word_n quod_fw-la autem_fw-la ad_fw-la bardos_n &_o seneciones_fw-la veteris_fw-la memoriae_fw-la custodes_fw-la quidam_fw-la confugiunt_fw-la prorsus_fw-la perridicule_fw-la faciunt_fw-la which_o he_o prove_v because_o the_o bard_n be_v a_o ignorant_a sort_n of_o people_n that_o have_v no_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n and_o the_o sanachy_n be_v man_n whole_o without_o learning_n and_o who_o live_v by_o flatter_a great_a man_n and_o therefore_o no_o certain_a account_n of_o thing_n can_v be_v expect_v from_o they_o and_o withal_o say_v he_o since_o we_o find_v historian_n liable_a to_o so_o many_o mistake_n after_o all_o the_o pain_n and_o care_n they_o take_v to_o search_v after_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n what_o credit_n can_v be_v give_v to_o those_o who_o pretend_v to_o deliver_v history_n mere_o by_o their_o memory_n but_o the_o advocate_n object_n 16._o that_o the_o law_n of_o lycurgus_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n for_o 600_o year_n as_o plutarch_n observe_v and_o the_o scot_n and_o other_o nation_n have_v preserve_v law_n for_o much_o long_a time_n without_o the_o help_n of_o letter_n but_o be_v there_o no_o difference_n between_o law_n of_o daily_a practice_n and_o antiquity_n which_o depend_v mere_o upon_o memory_n where_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o letter_n and_o as_o to_o law_n themselves_o i_o shall_v only_o desire_v the_o learned_a advocate_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o macalpine_n law_n 9_o which_o fordon_n say_v be_v compose_v by_o kenneth_n who_o subdue_v the_o pict_n i_o know_v that_o hector_n boethius_n 207._o who_o stand_v out_o at_o nothing_o pretend_v to_o deliver_v they_o as_o exact_o as_o if_o he_o have_v live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o lesly_n who_o follow_v he_o very_o careful_o 71._o set_v they_o down_o as_o he_o find_v they_o in_o he_o but_o what_o ancient_a copy_n do_v they_o produce_v for_o these_o law_n not_o one_o word_n of_o that_o but_o be_v it_o not_o fit_a that_o he_o who_o have_v so_o many_o king_n shall_v make_v a_o body_n of_o law_n too_o fordon_n never_o pretend_v to_o know_v they_o only_o he_o think_v there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o still_o remain_v joh._n major_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o they_o buchanan_n just_a mention_n they_o and_o say_v they_o continue_v long_o after_o he_o but_o how_o long_o he_o can_v not_o tell_v but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o mention_v the_o law_n of_o alexander_n iii_o so_o long_o after_o he_o for_o he_o die_v a._n d._n 1285._o and_o the_o other_o according_a to_o he_o a._n d._n 854_o he_o say_v they_o be_v all_o antiquate_a by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o length_n of_o time_n 71.2_o now_o if_o the_o law_n so_o much_o late_a be_v quite_o forget_v how_o come_v the_o macalpin_n law_n to_o be_v so_o exact_o preserve_v but_o it_o may_v be_v there_o be_v another_o chest_n of_o law_n at_o icolmkill_n beside_o that_o of_o mss._n which_o hector_n boethius_n say_v fergus_n bring_v from_o the_o sack_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alaric_n yet_o even_o that_o will_v prove_v that_o record_n be_v the_o best_a preserver_n of_o law_n and_o one_o will_v think_v no_o advocate_n in_o the_o world_n can_v be_v of_o another_o opinion_n 2._o from_o the_o druid_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o first_o monk_n of_o scotland_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v leave_v record_n in_o their_o monastery_n of_o the_o history_n of_o former_a time_n the_o first_o monastery_n there_o be_v confess_v to_o be_v that_o of_o the_o island_n jona_n 23._o or_o hy_o or_o icolmkill_n i._n e._n hy_o the_o cell_n of_o columba_n found_v about_o the_o year_n 560._o and_o there_o the_o advocate_n say_v their_o record_n be_v keep_v from_o the_o foundation_n to_o the_o reign_n of_o malcolm_n can-more_a now_o we_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o age_n of_o some_o light_n such_o as_o it_o be_v but_o whether_o it_o will_v be_v to_o the_o advocate_n be_v satisfaction_n i_o know_v not_o for_o cummeneus_fw-la albus_n and_o adamnanus_n both_o abbat_n of_o hylas_n not_o long_o after_o columba_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o columba_n the_o founder_n of_o that_o monastery_n and_o both_o write_v before_o bede_n time_n by_o they_o it_o appear_v that_o columba_n come_v out_o of_o ireland_n thither_o and_o adamnanus_n say_v he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o fedlimid_a the_o son_n of_o fergus_n which_o fergus_n 471._o say_v the_o irish_a antiquary_n be_v second_o husband_n to_o erica_n daughter_n of_o loarn_v brother_n to_o fergus_n who_o carry_v the_o first_o colony_n into_o scotland_n and_o that_o fergus_n grandfather_n to_o columba_n be_v son_n to_o conallus_n grandchild_n to_o niellus_n magnus_n king_n of_o ireland_n about_o a._n d._n 405._o in_o who_o time_n st._n patrick_n be_v carry_v captive_a into_o ireland_n and_o so_o from_o the_o time_n of_o columba_n come_n and_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n both_o of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o fix_v the_o time_n of_o fergus_n his_o come_n with_o the_o first_o colony_n into_o scotland_n 69._o the_o account_n they_o give_v in_o short_a be_v this_o that_o carbre_n riada_n be_v one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o conar_n ii_o king_n of_o ireland_n about_o a._n d._n 165._o from_o he_o the_o family_n and_o country_n where_o they_o live_v be_v call_v dalrieda_n and_o they_o while_n in_o ireland_n be_v style_v king_n of_o dalrieda_n from_o he_o descend_v eric_n the_o father_n of_o loarn_v 468._o and_o fergus_n who_o go_v into_o scotland_n to_o this_o fergus_n succeed_v domangardus_n comgallus_n gauranus_n and_o conallus_n the_o son_n of_o comgallus_n in_o who_o time_n columba_n come_v into_o scotland_n for_o adamnanus_n say_v he_o converse_v with_o conallus_n the_o son_n of_o comgill_n who_o according_a to_o tigernacus_n and_o the_o ulster_n annal_n give_v the_o island_n hylas_n to_o columba_n but_o bede_n say_v it_o be_v give_v by_o the_o pict_n who_o columba_n convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n 4._o which_o must_v seem_v strange_a if_o the_o scot_n than_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o those_o part_n and_o therefore_o the_o learned_a primate_n of_o armagh_n incline_v to_o the_o former_a opinion_n 703._o the_o same_o tigernacus_n in_o the_o irish_a annal_n make_v fergus_n the_o son_n of_o eric_n to_o have_v carry_v over_o the_o dalredian_n into_o britain_n six_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n patrick_n 610._o and_o the_o old_a author_n cite_v by_o camden_n confirm_v the_o succession_n of_o fergus_n from_o conar_n 707._o and_o his_o be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o albany_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n say_v that_o carbre_n riada_n the_o ancestor_n to_o fergus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o conar_n monarch_n of_o ireland_n but_o suppose_v all_o this_o that_o columba_n be_v descend_v from_o one_o fergus_n and_o relate_v to_o the_o other_o who_o go_v over_o with_o the_o dalredian_n into_o scotland_n and_o that_o he_o be_v there_o in_o the_o time_n of_o conallus_n son_n to_o comgill_n grandchild_n to_o this_o fergus_n how_o do_v it_o hence_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v not_o another_o fergus_n long_v before_o and_o a_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scotland_n
till_o cuthbert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n obtain_v leave_v for_o it_o about_o anno_fw-la dom._n 758._o upon_o this_o 26._o alford_n and_o 5._o cressy_n charge_v he_o with_o a_o manifest_a mistake_n and_o great_a impertinency_n a_o mistake_n in_o that_o ethelbert_n and_o augustine_n be_v both_o bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o saint_n paul_n and_o what_o then_o do_v sir_n h._n spelman_n say_v there_o be_v no_o bury_n in_o church_n before_o cuthbert_n time_n no._n but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o bury_v place_n in_o city_n before_o that_o time_n for_o the_o church_n of_o st._n augustine_n or_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n be_v without_o the_o city_n for_o so_o the_o 12._o ms._n chronicle_n of_o st._n augustine_n be_v say_v that_o when_o the_o body_n of_o the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n be_v carry_v thither_o to_o burial_n they_o follow_v our_o saviour_n who_o suffer_v without_o the_o gate_n and_o that_o it_o be_v like_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v go_v out_o of_o egypt_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n observation_n which_o relate_v to_o bury_v in_o city_n and_o not_o in_o church_n and_o withal_o the_o reason_n allege_v in_o one_o of_o the_o charter_n of_o 24._o king_n ethelbert_n why_o that_o place_n be_v assign_v for_o a_o bury_v place_n be_v because_o the_o city_n be_v for_o the_o live_n and_o not_o for_o the_o dead_a but_o why_o do_v they_o not_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o churchyard_n to_o be_v so_o great_a which_o be_v the_o most_o to_o the_o purpose_n but_o they_o say_v sir_n h._n spelman_n be_v observation_n be_v impertinent_a glassenbury_n be_v then_o a_o solitary_a place_n and_o very_o far_o from_o be_v a_o city_n it_o be_v true_a if_o the_o weight_n have_v be_v lay_v by_o he_o only_o upon_o that_o there_o be_v no_o evidence_n of_o any_o roman_a city_n there_o but_o his_o design_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o churchyard_n be_v not_o then_o adjoin_v to_o church_n because_o the_o cemetery_n be_v without_o the_o city_n and_o the_o church_n within_o in_o the_o british_a time_n and_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 290._o he_o say_v although_o they_o bury_v in_o church_n yet_o those_o church_n in_o which_o they_o bury_v be_v without_o the_o city_n till_o cuthbert_n first_o procure_v the_o alteration_n by_o royal_a authority_n and_o some_o say_v by_z papal_z too_o but_o the_o monk_n of_o st._n augustine_n deny_v the_o pope_n confirmation_n but_o the_o main_a circumstance_n i_o shall_v insist_v upon_o be_v the_o incongruity_n of_o this_o story_n with_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o roman_a province_n at_o that_o time_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n then_o as_o arviragus_n and_o in_o that_o country_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v reduce_v into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n before_o anno_fw-la dom._n 63._o when_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n say_v joseph_n of_o arimathea_n come_v first_o to_o britain_n for_o 14._o tacitus_n say_v it_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o near_a part_n of_o the_o island_n when_o a._n plautius_n and_o ostorius_n scapula_n be_v governor_n here_o and_o between_o they_o and_o suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v didius_n gallus_n and_o veranius_n in_o probability_n the_o belgae_n be_v subdue_v by_o vespasian_n of_o who_o 4._o suetonius_n say_v that_o he_o conquer_v here_o two_o powerful_a nation_n above_o twenty_o town_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n by_o which_o we_o find_v his_o employment_n be_v westward_o and_o the_o belgae_n and_o damnonii_n be_v the_o two_o powerful_a nation_n that_o way_n and_o in_o all_o the_o action_n afterward_o we_o find_v no_o care_n take_v by_o the_o roman_a general_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o belgae_n as_o they_o do_v against_o the_o brigantes_n and_o silures_n among_o who_o caractacus_n command_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o british_a king_n at_o that_o time_n among_o the_o belgae_n as_o arviragus_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v for_o if_o there_o have_v be_v when_o 30._o ostorius_n march_v northwards_o have_v suppress_v the_o iceni_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o will_v have_v fix_v his_o garrison_n on_o the_o severn_n and_o the_o avon_n to_o secure_v the_o province_n for_o as_o our_o 375._o judicious_a antiquary_n have_v well_o observe_v the_o design_n of_o ostorius_n therein_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o provincial_a britain_n from_o join_v with_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o all_o on_o this_o side_n those_o garrison_n be_v within_o the_o roman_a province_n now_o the_o place_n where_o the_o garrison_n be_v place_v be_v by_o tacitus_n say_v to_o be_v antona_n and_o sabrina_n the_o latter_a be_v certain_o the_o severn_n which_o part_v the_o belgae_n and_o the_o silures_n for_o antona_n camden_n read_v aufona_n although_o northanton_n come_v near_o the_o former_a name_n and_o southanton_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n anton_n which_o there_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o ptolemy_n call_v trisanton_n i._n e._n say_v camden_n traith_n anton_n the_o mouth_n of_o anton_n but_o he_o choose_v aufona_n for_o this_o reason_n because_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr rise_n both_o in_o the_o country_n of_o northampton_n and_o so_o cut_v the_o island_n that_o none_o can_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o north_n but_o they_o must_v cross_v one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o they_o or_o else_o fall_v upon_o the_o roman_a garrison_n between_o the_o remainder_n whereof_o he_o take_v notice_n of_o between_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o two_o avons_fw-fr at_o gildsborough_n and_o daintry_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o hinder_v all_o intercourse_n between_o the_o brigantes_n and_o the_o roman_a province_n as_o the_o other_o do_v between_o the_o silures_n and_o they_o but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v such_o a_o british_a king_n as_o arviragus_n among_o the_o belgae_n what_o will_v the_o fortify_v the_o severn_n have_v signify_v when_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o roman_n live_v on_o the_o roman_a side_n tacitus_n indeed_o mention_n a_o expedition_n of_o ostorius_n against_o the_o cangi_n who_o 68_o camden_n sometime_o think_v a_o small_a people_n among_o the_o belgae_n but_o upon_o better_a consideration_n 463._o he_o place_v they_o in_o cheshire_n where_o he_o find_v a_o inscription_n concern_v the_o ceangi_n and_o tacitus_n say_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o look_v towards_o ireland_n 293._o r._n white_a of_o basingstoke_n suppose_v this_o arviragus_z to_o bestow_v the_o island_n on_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n when_o trebellius_n maximus_n be_v governor_n here_o who_o succeed_v petronius_n turpilianus_n the_o year_n c._n suetonius_n paulinus_n be_v consul_n at_o rome_n which_o according_a to_o the_o savilian_a fasti_fw-la be_v in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o nero_n and_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 67._o four_o year_n after_o joseph_n come_n according_a to_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n but_o that_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n if_o at_o that_o time_n we_o be_v sure_o there_o be_v such_o a_o king_n as_o arvinagus_fw-la among_o the_o belgae_n but_o he_o again_o contradict_v the_o glassenbury_n story_n for_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o the_o barbarous_a king_n obstinate_o refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o religion_n but_o out_o of_o pity_n to_o they_o give_v they_o the_o island_n to_o live_v in_o but_o white_a say_v he_o be_v well_o affect_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o be_v in_o all_o respect_v a_o admirable_a prince_n this_o arviragus_n he_o take_v out_o of_o the_o 26._o british_a history_n where_o pleasant_a story_n be_v tell_v of_o he_o and_o from_o thence_o in_o 44._o matthew_n westminster_n as_o of_o his_o oppose_a claudius_n and_o then_o marry_v his_o daughter_n genissa_n and_o the_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o vespasian_n by_o her_o mean_n etc._n etc._n and_o how_o his_o son_n marius_n succeed_v he_o and_o then_o coillus_n who_o be_v wonderful_o belove_v by_o the_o roman_a senate_n here_o we_o have_v find_v at_o last_o the_o three_o king_n of_o glassenbury_n arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n as_o they_o be_v exstant_fw-la in_o capgrave_n and_o other_o so_o that_o the_o glassenbury_n tradition_n have_v not_o its_o perfection_n till_o it_o have_v receive_v these_o improvement_n from_o the_o british_a history_n for_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n though_o he_o take_v so_o great_a pain_n in_o this_o matter_n yet_o know_v nothing_o of_o arviragus_n marius_n and_o coillus_n he_o speak_v indeed_o of_o three_o pagan_a king_n give_v twelve_o portion_n of_o land_n to_o the_o twelve_o brethren_n but_o he_o know_v not_o their_o name_n which_o grant_v he_o say_v be_v confirm_v by_o king_n lucius_n to_o twelve_o other_o who_o be_v place_v there_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o first_o twelve_o and_o this_o continue_a to_o the_o come_n of_o st._n patrick_n and_o yet_o towards_o the_o conclusion_n of_o this_o book_n
he_o say_v that_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 601._o the_o king_n of_o dompnonia_n i._n e._n devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n give_v to_o the_o old_a church_n in_o glassenbury_n the_o land_n call_v ynis_n withrin_n or_o the_o island_n of_o avalon_n who_o this_o king_n be_v he_o say_v he_o can_v not_o learn_v but_o he_o conclude_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o britain_n by_o call_v the_o island_n by_o the_o british_a name_n but_o as_o to_o arviragus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o british_a prince_n of_o that_o name_n can_v be_v deny_v since_o juvenal_n mention_n he_o in_o domitian_n time_n omen_n habes_fw-la inquit_fw-la magni_fw-la clarÃque_fw-la triumphi_fw-la 125._o regem_fw-la aliquem_fw-la capies_fw-la aut_fw-la de_fw-fr temone_n britanno_fw-mi excidet_fw-la arviragus_n the_o 50._o author_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o dover_n understand_v this_o passage_n as_o speak_v to_o nero_n which_o agree_v much_o better_a with_o the_o tradition_n of_o glassenbury_n but_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n agree_v with_o juvenal_n who_o say_v plain_o enough_o that_o satyr_n relate_v to_o domitian_n and_o his_o flatterer_n and_o this_o be_v a_o very_a insipid_a flattery_n to_o domitian_n unless_o arviragus_n be_v a_o considerable_a prince_n then_o live_v and_o a_o enemy_n to_o caesar._n for_o what_o triumph_n can_v he_o have_v over_o a_o subject_a or_o a_o friend_n as_o aviragus_n be_v suppose_v after_o the_o reconciliation_n with_o vespasian_n and_o no_o such_o enemy_n can_v appear_v at_o that_o time_n in_o these_o part_n of_o britain_n for_o 20._o petilius_n cerealis_n have_v conquer_v the_o brigantes_n and_o julius_n frontinus_n the_o silures_n and_o agricola_n after_o they_o the_o ordovices_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o government_n tacitus_n say_v even_o the_o confederate_a city_n among_o the_o britain_n who_o stand_v upon_o term_n of_o equality_n before_o then_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a power_n and_o receive_v garrison_n among_o they_o after_o this_o agricola_n proceed_v northwards_o against_o new_a people_n and_o destroy_v they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o frith_n of_o taus_n tweed_n then_o he_o fortify_v the_o passage_n between_o glota_n and_o bodotria_n dumbretton_n and_o edinburgh_n frith_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o all_o this_o side_n have_v cast_v out_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o be_v into_o another_o land_n as_o sir_n h._n savil_n translate_v the_o word_n of_o tacitus_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o king_n as_o arviragus_n at_o that_o time_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o island_n over_o who_o domitian_n can_v expect_v a_o triumph_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o eight_o of_o nero_n when_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v hither_o at_o what_o time_n arviragus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v king_n in_o britain_n it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v live_v so_o long_o but_o how_o come_v he_o to_o be_v never_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a story_n as_o prasutagus_n cogidunus_n caractacus_n togodumnus_n and_o galgacus_n be_v arviragus_z his_o name_n be_v well_o know_v at_o rome_n in_o domitian_n time_n why_o not_o speak_v of_o before_o brit._n some_o think_v he_o be_v the_o same_o with_o prasutagus_n but_o this_o can_v be_v for_o prasutagus_n be_v dead_a before_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o boadicea_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o roman_n ill_a usage_n of_o the_o britain_n after_o his_o death_n and_o prasutagus_n leave_v only_o two_o daughter_n what_o become_v then_o of_o his_o son_n marius_n who_o 384._o white_a will_v have_v to_o be_v cogidunus_n but_o marius_n be_v say_v to_o succeed_v arviragus_z who_o be_v alive_a in_o domitian_n time_n and_o cogidunus_n have_v the_o city_n confer_v upon_o he_o before_o suetonius_n paulinus_n come_v into_o britain_n as_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n which_o be_v thing_n inconsistent_a 9_o other_o say_v that_o arviragus_n be_v the_o same_o with_o caractacus_n for_o this_o opinion_n alford_n contend_v and_o juvenal_n he_o say_v mention_n the_o name_n by_o a_o poetical_a licence_n although_o he_o live_v long_o before_o but_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o to_o suppose_v that_o fabricius_n veienti_fw-la shall_v make_v such_o a_o course_n compliment_n to_o domitian_n that_o he_o shall_v triumph_v over_o a_o man_n dead_a and_o triumph_v over_o once_o already_o by_o claudius_n who_o be_v never_o know_v at_o rome_n by_o any_o other_o name_n than_o caractacus_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v by_o which_o he_o be_v so_o famous_a for_o his_o long_a opposition_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o domitian_n time_n after_o the_o recalling_a agricola_n and_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o salustius_n lucullus_n his_o successor_n the_o britain_n take_v up_o arm_n under_o arviragus_n and_o the_o 583._o learned_a primate_n of_o armagh_n mention_n a_o old_a british_a coin_n in_o sir_n r._n cotton_n collection_n with_o these_o letter_n on_o it_o arivog_n from_o whence_o he_o think_v his_o true_a name_n be_v arivogus_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n turn_v to_o arviragus_n and_o the_o old_a scholiast_n there_o say_v that_o be_v not_o his_o true_a name_n the_o britain_n be_v now_o up_o in_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v be_v not_o repress_v till_o hadrian_n come_v over_o in_o person_n and_o build_v the_o first_o wall_n to_o keep_v they_o out_o of_o the_o roman_a province_n for_o before_o this_o hadriano_n spartianus_n say_v the_o britain_n can_v not_o be_v keep_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o fit_a season_n in_o domitian_n time_n agricola_n be_v recall_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o domitian_n reign_n for_o such_o a_o king_n as_o arviragus_n to_o appear_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o it_o be_v then_o a_o suitable_a compliment_n to_o he_o to_o wish_v he_o a_o triumph_n over_o arviragus_n but_o 7._o alford_n say_v that_o claudius_n send_v caractacus_n home_o again_o and_o after_o many_o year_n he_o die_v in_o peace_n be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o roman_n how_o then_o come_v tacitus_n to_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o he_o as_o he_o do_v of_o cogidunus_n be_v it_o probable_a the_o roman_n will_v restore_v so_o subtle_a and_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n as_o caractacus_n have_v be_v to_o they_o cogidunus_n have_v be_v always_o faithful_a to_o they_o but_o caractacus_n a_o open_a enemy_n and_o the_o silures_n still_o in_o be_v over_o who_o he_o command_v and_o not_o over_o the_o belgae_n as_o he_o must_v have_v do_v if_o he_o be_v the_o arviragus_n who_o give_v the_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o his_o companion_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o put_v together_o to_o show_v for_o what_o reason_n i_o decline_v the_o tradition_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n come_n hither_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n and_o although_o they_o may_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o convince_v other_o yet_o i_o hope_v they_o may_v serve_v to_o clear_v i_o from_o unexcusable_a partiality_n which_o 9_o mr._n cressy_a charge_n on_o all_o who_o call_v this_o tradition_n into_o question_n 2._o but_o notwithstanding_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v from_o very_o good_a and_o sufficient_a evidence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o christian_a church_n plant_v in_o britain_n during_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o such_o evidence_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v in_o this_o matter_n which_o be_v build_v on_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a and_o credible_a writer_n and_o have_v a_o concurrent_a probability_n of_o circumstance_n i_o shall_v first_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a and_o credible_a writer_n for_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a rule_n of_o 12._o baronius_n in_o such_o case_n that_o no_o testimony_n of_o late_a author_n be_v to_o be_v regard_v concern_v thing_n of_o remote_a antiquity_n which_o be_v not_o support_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a writer_n and_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o force_n of_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a writer_n themselves_o according_a to_o their_o ability_n and_o opportunity_n for_o some_o have_v far_o great_a judgement_n than_o other_o some_o have_v great_a care_n about_o these_o matter_n and_o make_v it_o more_o their_o business_n to_o search_v and_o inquire_v into_o they_o and_o some_o have_v great_a advantage_n by_o be_v present_a in_o the_o court_n of_o prince_n or_o council_n of_o bishop_n whereby_o they_o can_v better_o understand_v the_o beginning_n and_o succession_n of_o church_n and_o for_o all_o these_o there_o be_v none_o more_o remarkable_a in_o antiquity_n than_o eusebius_n be_v a_o learned_a and_o inquisitive_a person_n a_o favourite_n of_o constantine_n the_o first_o christian_a emperor_n bear_v and_o proclaim_v emperor_n in_o britain_n one_o present_a at_o the_o council_n at_o nice_a whither_o bishop_n be_v summon_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o one_o that_o have_v a_o particular_a curiosity_n to_o examine_v
person_n in_o this_o island_n or_o that_o he_o have_v royal_a authority_n in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o or_o that_o he_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n at_o that_o time_n or_o that_o the_o christian_a church_n here_o flourish_v by_o his_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o person_n who_o be_v a_o king_n and_o a_o christian_a be_v prove_v beside_o the_o concurrence_n of_o so_o many_o author_n from_o bede_n time_n from_o the_o two_o coin_n mention_v by_o 40._o archbishop_n usher_n one_o silver_n and_o the_o other_o gold_n have_v a_o image_n of_o a_o king_n on_o they_o with_o a_o cross_n and_o the_o letter_n of_o luc_n as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v be_v discern_v but_o if_o it_o be_v far_o ask_v in_o what_o part_n of_o britain_n this_o king_n lucius_n live_v i_o shall_v only_o propose_v my_o conjecture_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o other_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v so_o well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o fidelity_n of_o cogidunus_n that_o they_o bestow_v some_o city_n upon_o he_o and_o tacitus_n say_v he_o continue_v firm_a to_o the_o roman_a interest_n to_o his_o time_n and_o where_o king_n be_v faithful_a to_o they_o the_o roman_n be_v kind_a to_o their_o posterity_n and_o keep_v they_o up_o in_o the_o same_o dignity_n as_o long_o as_o they_o behave_v themselves_o as_o they_o expect_v from_o they_o of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o clear_a instance_n in_o herod_n posterity_n for_o archelaus_n herodes_n antipas_n and_o philip_n his_o son_n succeed_v into_o their_o share_n of_o his_o kingdom_n then_o herod_n agrippa_n his_o grandchild_n by_o aristobulus_n be_v make_v king_n by_o caius_n caligula_n who_o government_n be_v enlarge_v by_o claudius_n and_o his_o brother_n herod_n have_v the_o kingdom_n of_o chalcis_n give_v he_o sometime_o after_o his_o father_n death_n claudius_n bestow_v first_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chalcis_n upon_o his_o son_n agrippa_n than_o the_o tetrarchy_n of_o philip_n which_o be_v enlarge_v afterward_o by_o nero_n and_o he_o continue_v till_o the_o war_n and_o be_v the_o last_o king_n over_o the_o jew_n now_o from_o hence_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o roman_n think_v it_o no_o ill_a policy_n in_o some_o case_n to_o continue_v the_o same_o royal_a dignity_n to_o the_o child_n of_o those_o who_o deserve_v so_o well_o of_o they_o as_o cogidunus_n have_v do_v and_o it_o seem_v most_o probable_a to_o i_o that_o where_o ptolemy_n place_v the_o regni_n be_v the_o city_n which_o cogidunus_n have_v the_o rule_n over_o not_o from_o the_o name_n but_o from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o those_o place_n which_o have_v few_o roman_a monument_n or_o town_n than_o any_o other_o in_o britain_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o likely_a still_o under_o their_o own_o prince_n who_o keep_v up_o the_o british_a custom_n wherever_o the_o roman_n inhabit_v they_o may_v be_v trace_v by_o their_o way_n by_o their_o building_n by_o their_o coin_n by_o their_o urn_n by_o their_o inscription_n but_o scarce_o any_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n can_v be_v find_v in_o surry_n or_o sussex_n by_o the_o most_o diligent_a enquirer_n 398._o leland_n indeed_o discover_v some_o roman_a coin_n near_o kingston_n upon_o thames_n where_o other_o have_v be_v take_v up_o since_o but_o camden_n can_v hear_v of_o no_o roman_a antiquity_n thereabouts_o and_o 77._o some_o suppose_v the_o place_n where_o those_o coin_n be_v take_v up_o to_o have_v be_v a_o station_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n under_o asclepiodotus_n when_o he_o march_v that_o way_n from_o portsmouth_n to_o london_n in_o the_o expedition_n against_o allectus_n if_o so_o it_o be_v too_o late_o for_o the_o day_n of_o king_n lucius_n all_o that_o 213._o camden_n pretend_v to_o be_v only_o a_o military_a way_n near_o ockley_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n pass_v to_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o province_n 216._o and_o some_o coin_n about_o gatton_n but_o as_o to_o his_o noviomagus_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v woodcote_n in_o surrey_n 24._o mr._n somner_n have_v well_o prove_v from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o roman_a itinerary_n that_o it_o must_v lie_v in_o kent_n in_o the_o road_n to_o portus_n rutupis_n and_o woodcote_n be_v as_o far_o from_o it_o as_o london_n in_o all_o sussex_n there_o be_v no_o remainder_n of_o any_o roman_a building_n or_o way_n or_o colony_n or_o coin_n yet_o discover_v to_o the_o world_n except_o towards_o the_o sea_n side_n which_o the_o roman_n keep_v to_o themselves_o in_o antoninus_n pius_n his_o time_n 46._o seius_n saturnius_n be_v archigubernus_n in_o class_n britannica_fw-la which_o show_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v then_o a_o fleet_n here_o and_o that_o he_o be_v admiral_n of_o it_o and_o in_o aftertime_n the_o come_v litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britanniam_fw-la have_v several_a garrison_n on_o the_o sea_n side_n for_o security_n of_o the_o coast_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o 72._o notitia_fw-la imperii_fw-la where_o the_o place_n be_v set_v down_o among_o which_o two_o be_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o sussex_n anderida_n and_o portus_n adurni_n by_o the_o former_a our_o learned_a antiquary_n 247._o camden_n and_o 6._o selden_n understand_v newenden_n in_o kent_n but_o that_o stand_v too_o much_o within_o land_n mr._n summoner_n in_o a_o ms._n discourse_n of_o the_o roman_a port_n and_o fort_n in_o kent_n rather_o think_v it_o to_o be_v pemsey_n in_o sussex_n or_o hastings_n as_o more_o agree_v with_o 14._o gildas_n who_o say_v that_o the_o roman_n place_v their_o fort_n for_o security_n of_o the_o coast_n in_o litore_fw-la oceani_fw-la ad_fw-la meridionalem_fw-la plagam_fw-la upon_o the_o very_a coast_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o stand_v as_o reculver_n richborough_n dover_n limb_o which_o be_v all_o in_o kent_n and_o the_o portus_n adurni_n be_v aldrington_n near_o shoreham_n in_o sussex_n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v secure_a of_o the_o coast_n and_o have_v their_o soldier_n disperse_v in_o the_o colony_n about_o and_o be_v so_o near_o the_o metropolis_n at_o london_n where_o the_o chief_a governor_n of_o this_o part_n of_o britain_n reside_v they_o may_v better_o permit_v a_o british_a king_n to_o govern_v these_o part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o probable_a account_n i_o can_v think_v of_o as_o to_o this_o king_n lucius_n within_o the_o roman_a province_n 36._o sir_n h._n spelman_n will_v bring_v he_o to_o his_o iceni_n but_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o probability_n lucius_n say_v he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o coilus_n coilus_n of_o marius_n marius_n of_o arviragus_n and_o what_o then_o some_o he_o say_v will_v have_v he_o to_o be_v prasutagus_n who_o be_v king_n over_o the_o iceni_n but_o do_v not_o 31._o tacitus_n say_v that_o prasutagus_n die_v before_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o boadicea_n and_o that_o he_o leave_v nero_n his_o heir_n and_o his_o two_o daughter_n hope_v thereby_o to_o secure_v his_o kingdom_n if_o he_o be_v arviragus_n he_o be_v dead_a before_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o iceni_n and_o if_o marius_n be_v his_o son_n how_o come_v he_o never_o to_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o story_n afterward_o no_o not_o in_o that_o most_o remarkable_a battle_n between_o his_o mother_n and_o suetonius_n paulinus_n but_o hector_n boethius_n call_v arviragus_n one_o of_o the_o iceni_n as_o though_o his_o authority_n be_v to_o be_v mention_v against_o tacitus_n who_o be_v the_o geffrey_n of_o scotland_n so_o many_o and_o so_o improbable_a be_v his_o fiction_n 6._o baronius_n after_o try_v several_a way_n to_o reconcile_v the_o tradition_n of_o king_n lucius_n with_o the_o roman_a story_n conclude_v with_o that_o as_o the_o most_o probable_a 26._o that_o he_o be_v a_o king_n under_o the_o roman_a power_n in_o britain_n such_o as_o prasutagus_n be_v but_o he_o be_v only_o king_n over_o the_o iceni_n and_o not_o over_o all_o britain_n and_o although_o among_o the_o britain_n there_o be_v many_o king_n over_o particular_a city_n as_o they_o then_o call_v the_o people_n under_o one_o government_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o one_o king_n over_o the_o whole_a island_n but_o in_o case_n of_o great_a difficulty_n they_o pitch_v upon_o one_o as_o supreme_a as_o on_o cassibelan_n upon_o the_o invasion_n of_o caesar_n so_o that_o the_o old_a british_a government_n be_v neither_o popular_a as_o some_o pretend_v nor_o under_o one_o monarchy_n but_o the_o people_n be_v govern_v by_o several_a petty_a monarch_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o 4._o diodorus_n siculus_n 4._o strabo_n and_o 6._o pomponius_n mela_n fert_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o reges_fw-la populorum_fw-la say_v mela_n olim_fw-la regibus_fw-la parebant_fw-la say_v agric._n tacitus_n which_o prove_v both_o the_o antiquity_n and_o number_n of_o british_a monarch_n and_o what_o severo_fw-la dio_n say_v of_o a_o democratical_a government_n
edw._n i._n destroy_v all_o their_o ancient_a history_n how_o come_v turgott_n to_z be_v preserve_v he_o be_v bishop_n of_o st._n andrew_n in_o the_o time_n of_o malcolm_n iii_o and_o queen_n margaret_n who_o life_n he_o write_v and_o who_o history_n hector_n say_v he_o have_v so_o that_o not_o only_a turgott_n history_n of_o the_o church_n of_o durham_n be_v preserve_v in_o the_o cotton_n library_n with_o his_o own_o name_n write_v in_o a_o ancient_a character_n the_o same_o that_o be_v print_v under_o the_o name_n of_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n with_o some_o alteration_n as_o script_n mr._n selden_n have_v show_v but_o if_o hoveden_n be_v so_o much_o to_o blame_v as_o simeon_n leland_n say_v for_o conceal_v what_o he_o borrow_a from_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n simeon_n himself_o be_v at_o least_o as_o much_o to_o blame_v for_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o turgott_n but_o it_o seem_v hector_n have_v see_v what_o he_o write_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o scotish_n history_n and_o bale_n and_o pit_n say_v he_o write_v of_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n but_o dempster_n say_v he_o write_v only_o the_o annal_n of_o his_o own_o time_n i._n e._n i_o suppose_v the_o life_n of_o malcolm_n and_o margaret_n if_o so_o hector_z mention_n he_o to_o little_a purpose_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o scotish_n antiquity_n but_o however_o from_o the_o forementioned_a author_n hector_n pretend_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o great_a council_n by_o finannus_fw-la of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o druid_n and_o their_o chief_a seat_n in_o the_o island_n mona_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n to_o the_o great_a regret_n of_o humphrey_n lluyd_v who_o have_v write_v a_o book_n on_o purpose_n to_o disprove_v he_o and_o polydore_v virgil_n about_o it_o of_o the_o tyranny_n and_o violent_a death_n of_o king_n durstus_n of_o the_o choice_n of_o euenus_n his_o kinsman_n to_o succeed_v he_o and_o his_o first_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n of_o the_o disturbance_n by_o gillus_n his_o natural_a son_n and_o his_o fly_v into_o ireland_n and_o his_o death_n by_o cadallus_n and_o euenus_n his_o set_v up_o edecus_fw-la the_o grandchild_n of_o durstus_n with_o which_o he_o end_v his_o second_o book_n in_o his_o three_o book_n he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o trouble_n from_o ireland_n by_o bredius_n a_o kinsman_n of_o gillus_n of_o cassibellan_n message_n to_o ederus_n for_o assistence_n against_o julius_n caesar_n and_o the_o speech_n of_o androgeus_n before_o the_o council_n and_o ederus_n his_o answer_n and_o send_v 10000_o man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o cadallanus_n son_n to_o cadallus_n who_o with_o the_o british_a force_n quite_o overthrow_v caesar_n by_o the_o help_n of_o tenantius_n duke_n of_o the_o cambri_n and_o corinei_n for_o which_o as_o we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v there_o be_v wonderful_a rejoice_n in_o scotland_n and_o great_a friendship_n upon_o it_o between_o the_o britain_n the_o pict_n and_o the_o scot_n but_o next_o summer_n they_o hear_v the_o sad_a news_n of_o caesar_n come_n again_o and_o then_o the_o britain_n refuse_v the_o scot_n assistence_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v what_o must_v follow_v the_o poor_a britain_n be_v miserable_o beat_v and_o cassibellan_n yield_v himself_o to_o caesar_n and_o caesar_n march_v towards_o scotland_n but_o before_o he_o enter_v it_o he_o send_v a_o more_o eloquent_a letter_n to_o they_o than_o that_o in_o fordon_n and_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n return_v a_o resolute_a answer_n but_o it_o seem_v caesar_n have_v so_o much_o good_a nature_n in_o he_o as_o to_o send_v a_o second_o message_n to_o the_o scot_n which_o be_v deliver_v with_o great_a eloquence_n but_o it_o do_v not_o work_v upon_o they_o for_o say_v hector_n have_v it_o not_o be_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o have_v tear_v the_o messenger_n to_o piece_n but_o it_o happen_v lucky_o that_o while_n caesar_n be_v make_v preparation_n to_o enter_v scotland_n he_o receive_v letter_n from_o labienus_n of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o gaul_n upon_o which_o caesar_n return_v have_v scarce_o so_o much_o as_o fright_v the_o pict_n and_o the_o scot_n and_o here_o again_o hector_n vouch_v the_o authority_n of_o veremundus_n and_o campbell_n but_o notwithstanding_o buchanan_n very_o wise_o leave_v all_o this_o out_o which_o lesly_n believe_v veremundus_n or_o rather_o hector_n before_o caesar_n keep_v in_o but_o here_o hector_n become_v very_o nice_a and_o critical_a reject_v the_o vulgar_a annal_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o destroy_v by_o edw._n 1_n which_o say_v that_o caesar_n go_v as_o far_o as_o the_o caledonian_n wood_n and_o besiege_a camelodunum_n and_o leave_v there_o his_o praetorian_a house_n which_o he_o use_v to_o travel_v with_o call_v julis_fw-la hoff._n but_o for_o his_o part_n he_o will_v write_v nothing_o that_o may_v be_v find_v fault_n with_o and_o therefore_o he_o follow_v veremundus_n again_o that_o this_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o victory_n build_v by_o vespasian_n not_o far_o from_o camelodunum_n only_o the_o inscription_n be_v deface_v by_o edw._n i._n buchanan_n in_o the_o life_n of_o king_n donald_n say_v this_o be_v the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n terminus_n be_v near_o the_o roman_a wall_n it_o be_v a_o round_a building_n make_v of_o square_a stone_n and_o open_v only_o at_o the_o top_n 24_o cubit_n in_o height_n 13_o in_o breadth_n as_o 700._o camden_n describe_v it_o 19_o nennius_n say_v it_o be_v build_v by_o carausius_n in_o token_n of_o his_o triumph_n but_o this_o look_v no_o more_o like_o a_o triumphal_a arch_n than_o caesar_n travel_a palace_n and_o therefore_o buchanan_n opinion_n seem_v most_o probable_a since_o hector_n say_v that_o there_o be_v within_o it_o a_o stone_n of_o great_a magnitude_n which_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o the_o god_n terminus_n especial_o if_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o top_n be_v over_o the_o stone_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o capitol_n at_o rome_n then_o follow_v the_o wicked_a life_n and_o tragical_a end_n of_o euenus_n iii_o the_o good_a reign_n of_o metellanus_n and_o his_o friendship_n with_o augustus_n which_o he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v from_o strabo_n but_o he_o have_v better_a keep_v to_o veremundus_n after_o he_o succeed_v caratacus_n bear_v at_o caractonium_fw-la a_o city_n of_o the_o silures_n say_v hector_n and_o that_o he_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o confound_v all_o he_o say_v his_o sister_n voada_n be_v marry_v to_o arviragus_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n but_o he_o divorce_v she_o and_o marry_v gevissa_n a_o noble_a roman_a upon_o which_o caratacus_n join_v the_o britain_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v at_o last_o beat_v by_o they_o and_o betray_v by_o cartumandua_n his_o mother-in-law_n who_o after_o his_o father_n death_n be_v marry_v to_o venusius_n and_o be_v by_o ostorius_n carry_v in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n from_o whence_o he_o say_v he_o return_v to_o scotland_n and_o remain_v to_o his_o death_n a_o friend_n to_o the_o roman_n after_o caractacus_n corbr_v his_o brother_n be_v choose_v king_n who_o join_v with_o voada_n against_o the_o roman_n and_o partake_v of_o her_o misfortune_n return_v into_o scotland_n and_o there_o die_v his_o son_n be_v under_o age_n dardannus_n succeed_v who_o design_v to_o destroy_v the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v himself_o take_v off_o and_o thereby_o way_n be_v make_v for_o galdus_n the_o true_a heir_n to_o succeed_v who_o be_v the_o same_o say_v hector_z with_o tacitus_n his_o galgacus_n and_o he_o confess_v be_v beat_v by_o petilius_n cerealis_n this_o king_n buchanan_n think_v be_v the_o first_o of_o their_o king_n who_o fight_v with_o the_o roman_n what_o become_v then_o of_o the_o credit_n of_o hector_n and_o veremundus_n from_o who_o we_o have_v such_o ample_a narration_n of_o their_o engage_v with_o the_o roman_n so_o long_o before_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o veremundus_n his_o authority_n signify_v nothing_o with_o he_o and_o yet_o he_o follow_v hector_n where_o he_o profess_v to_o rely_v upon_o his_o authority_n for_o buchanan_n evident_o abridge_n hector_n as_o to_o the_o scotish_n affair_n leave_v out_o what_o he_o find_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o roman_a history_n hector_n begin_v his_o five_o book_n with_o the_o short_a reign_n and_o doleful_a end_n of_o luctacus_n galdus_n his_o son_n who_o be_v succeed_v by_o mogallus_n his_o sister_n son_n who_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n a_o brave_a prince_n but_o at_o last_o degenerate_v be_v kill_v by_o his_o subject_n after_o he_o conarus_n his_o son_n who_o be_v confine_v for_o ill_a management_n and_o the_o government_n commit_v to_o argadus_n upon_o his_o death_n the_o kingdom_n fall_v to_o ethodius_n nephew_n to_o mogallus_n who_o be_v strangle_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o a_o irish_a harper_n and_o so_o be_v satrael_n that_o succeed_v he_o
monarchy_n by_o romulus_n be_v deliver_v with_o as_o much_o certainty_n as_o the_o carthaginian_a war_n the_o most_o judicious_a writer_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n do_v make_v allowance_n for_o the_o obscurity_n of_o ancient_a time_n when_o many_o thing_n be_v utter_o lose_v and_o other_o very_o imperfect_o deliver_v what_o reproach_n then_o be_v it_o to_o any_o modern_a nation_n to_o suppose_v their_o history_n to_o have_v have_v the_o same_o fate_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v only_o in_o this_o respect_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o great_a dispute_n because_o they_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o those_o time_n before_o they_o have_v any_o annal_n or_o write_v record_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o more_o exact_a and_o particular_a the_o more_o suspicious_a and_o we_o have_v more_o certain_a rule_n of_o try_v their_o ancient_a history_n than_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n have_v because_o we_o have_v the_o account_n of_o several_a nation_n to_o compare_v together_o and_o undoubted_a testimony_n of_o other_o writer_n to_o examine_v they_o by_o and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o find_v faulty_a by_o some_o of_o these_o way_n we_o be_v content_v to_o let_v they_o pass_v but_o as_o to_o the_o scotish_n antiquity_n we_o not_o only_o object_v the_o want_n of_o sufficient_a antiquity_n in_o their_o write_a record_n but_o their_o inconsistency_n with_o approve_a writer_n in_o the_o most_o ancient_a account_n they_o give_v of_o the_o first_o settle_v of_o the_o scot_n so_o early_o in_o britain_n and_o which_o yet_o add_v more_o to_o the_o suspicion_n the_o irish_a from_o who_o they_o descend_v give_v a_o far_o more_o different_a account_n of_o their_o first_o come_v then_o themselves_o do_v as_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o follow_v for_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v the_o account_n give_v by_o hector_n boethius_n and_o say_v he_o have_v not_o regard_v to_o truth_n in_o the_o write_n of_o it_o particular_o as_o to_o simon_n brek_n come_v out_o of_o spain_n and_o bring_v the_o fatal_a chair_n with_o he_o which_o they_o say_v be_v both_o false_a and_o the_o main_a ground_n they_o insist_v upon_o be_v that_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o 61._o old_a irish_a antiquary_n who_o deserve_v far_o more_o credit_n i_o shall_v therefore_o set_v down_o the_o account_n they_o give_v and_o consider_v the_o credit_n they_o deserve_v the_o best_a account_n we_o have_v from_o 6._o they_o be_v this_o 1._o that_o ireland_n be_v first_o plant_v after_o the_o flood_n by_o one_o ciocal_a with_o a_o fleet_n wherein_o every_o vessel_n have_v fifty_o man_n and_o fifty_o woman_n and_o this_o kete_v say_v happen_v about_o 100_o year_n after_o the_o deluge_n but_o since_o such_o remote_a antiquity_n be_v very_o tender_a thing_n i_o shall_v not_o with_o a_o besom_n sweep_v they_o all_o away_o at_o once_o but_o gentle_o take_v they_o in_o piece_n and_o lay_v they_o open_a as_o i_o pass_v along_o now_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o foundation_n there_o be_v for_o our_o believe_v a_o thing_n so_o unlikely_a as_o the_o people_n of_o ireland_n in_o this_o manner_n with_o such_o a_o fleet_n so_o soon_o after_o the_o flood_n it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n after_o this_o before_o the_o phoenician_n have_v any_o skill_n in_o ship_n to_o who_o the_o roman_n attribute_v the_o invention_n of_o it_o and_o certain_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o argonautae_n have_v not_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n among_o the_o greek_n so_o long_o after_o the_o flood_n but_o twenty_o year_n before_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n as_o 46._o scaliger_n say_v which_o happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n if_o the_o skill_n in_o ship_n have_v be_v so_o great_a within_o 100_o year_n after_o it_o yet_o if_o that_o expedition_n be_v such_o as_o 26._o olaus_n rudbeck_n describe_v it_o it_o be_v far_o more_o considerable_a than_o be_v common_o think_v for_o he_o say_v they_o not_o only_o enter_v the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o he_o prove_v from_o orpheus_n and_o diodorus_n siculus_n that_o they_o sail_v up_o the_o tanais_n from_o whence_o hornius_n in_o his_o map_n say_v they_o go_v into_o the_o mare_n cronium_n and_o so_o come_v round_a egypt_n pass_v between_o britain_n and_o ireland_n and_o return_v home_o by_o the_o strait_n but_o rudbeck_n find_v a_o passage_n for_o they_o from_o the_o tanais_n to_o the_o volga_n and_o so_o to_o the_o lake_n of_o fronoe_n the_o head_n of_o the_o volga_n and_o then_o by_o river_n into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o so_o about_o the_o scythian_a promontory_n to_o jerne_n ireland_n and_o peucessa_fw-la britain_n and_o to_o ausonia_n italy_n and_o trinacria_n sicily_n and_o so_o home_o to_o jolcos_n if_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a poetical_a fancy_n yet_o it_o be_v extraordinary_a since_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o northern_a country_n say_v rudbeck_n far_o more_o than_o ptolemy_n do_v i_o will_v suppose_v this_o orpheus_n who_o write_v the_o argonautick_n to_o be_v neither_o the_o old_a orpheus_n nor_o onomacritus_n but_o orpheus_n of_o crotona_n to_o who_o suidas_n attribute_n the_o argonautick_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o pisistratus_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o much_o for_o he_o then_o to_o describe_v these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o he_o do_v and_o to_o mention_v ireland_n as_o a_o country_n then_o know_v to_o the_o greek_n and_o festus_n avienus_n describe_v the_o voyage_n of_o himilco_n the_o carthaginian_a speak_v of_o by_o 67._o pliny_n speak_v of_o ireland_n as_o then_o esteem_v sacred_a in_o these_o remarkable_a verse_n ast_n hinc_fw-la duobus_fw-la in_fw-la sacram_fw-la sic_fw-la insulam_fw-la dixere_fw-la prisci_fw-la solibus_fw-la cursus_fw-la rati_fw-la est_fw-la haec_fw-la inter_fw-la undas_fw-la multum_fw-la cespitem_fw-la jacit_fw-la eámque_fw-la latè_fw-la gens_n hibernorum_fw-la colit_fw-la propanqua_fw-la rursus_fw-la insula_fw-la albionum_fw-la patet_fw-la nothing_o can_v be_v plain_o than_o that_o he_o here_o speak_v of_o ireland_n and_o britain_n as_o then_o know_v by_o himilco_n for_o festus_n avienus_n say_v he_o take_v this_o description_n from_o the_o phoenician_n annal_n in_o which_o this_o voyage_n be_v insert_v and_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o i_o that_o 475._o olaus_n rudbeck_n shall_v here_o change_v the_o hiberni_n into_o hyperborei_n especial_o when_o he_o allow_v albion_n to_o stand_v for_o britain_n but_o these_o be_v undoubted_a testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o ireland_n and_o of_o far_o great_a authority_n than_o those_o domestic_a annal_n now_o so_o much_o extol_v but_o must_v we_o follow_v kete_v because_o he_o follow_v the_o old_a annal_n in_o this_o tradition_n of_o the_o first_o people_n of_o ireland_n and_o why_o not_o then_o in_o the_o story_n of_o seth_n and_o three_o daughter_n of_o cain_n view_v ireland_n and_o of_o the_o three_o fisherman_n of_o spain_n be_v wind_n drive_v thither_o the_o year_n before_o the_o flood_n and_o of_o keasar_n the_o daughter_n of_o bajoth_n son_n of_o noah_n come_v thither_o with_o three_o man_n and_o fifty_o woman_n to_o save_v themselves_o from_o the_o flood_n be_v not_o all_o these_o fine_a story_n in_o the_o same_o irish_a annal_n but_o kete_v reject_v they_o and_o what_o then_o do_v this_o make_v for_o or_o against_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o annal_n that_o even_o kete_v look_n on_o these_o as_o poetical_a fiction_n but_o he_o say_v the_o best_a irish_a antiquary_n do_v of_o old_a look_n on_o these_o as_o fabulous_a possible_o the_o two_o former_a they_o may_v but_o do_v they_o indeed_o reject_v the_o story_n of_o keasar_n and_o her_o companion_n 1._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la quote_v the_o most_o ancient_a history_n of_o ireland_n for_o this_o tradition_n and_o they_o confirm_v it_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n where_o she_o land_v and_o where_o she_o be_v bury_v and_o 40._o gratianus_n lucius_n confess_v that_o he_o have_v the_o sight_n of_o their_o ancient_a annal_n and_o he_o suspect_v that_o he_o make_v away_o many_o of_o they_o if_o so_o kete_v have_v few_o advantage_n than_o giraldus_n for_o the_o old_a irish_a antiquity_n but_o if_o these_o old_a annal_n be_v of_o so_o little_a authority_n in_o this_o story_n what_o credit_n do_v they_o deserve_v in_o this_o early_a plantation_n after_o the_o flood_n but_o to_o proceed_v in_o the_o irish_a account_n it_o be_v say_v 2._o that_o bartholanus_n and_o his_o three_o son_n about_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n land_v in_o ireland_n with_o a_o thousand_o fight_a man_n have_v many_o doughty_a battle_n with_o the_o posterity_n of_o ciocal_a and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o hundred_o year_n they_o be_v all_o consume_v by_o a_o pestilence_n this_o story_n i_o confess_v be_v in_o 6._o nennius_n and_o 2._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la but_o it_o be_v a_o very_a obvious_a question_n if_o they_o all_o die_v
the_o county_n of_o longford_n which_o he_o deduce_v to_o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1405._o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n by_o one_o maguir_n canon_n of_o armach_n deduce_v to_o his_o own_o time_n who_o die_v an._n dom._n 1498._o and_o the_o annal_n of_o dungall_n compose_v by_o four_o modern_a author_n out_o of_o all_o their_o former_a annal_n but_o among_o all_o these_o there_o be_v nothing_o pretend_v to_o antiquity_n but_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n and_o tigernacus_n yet_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n fall_v short_a of_o the_o time_n of_o nennius_n for_o cormach_n king_n of_o munster_n the_o suppose_a author_n of_o it_o live_v after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n be_v kill_v by_o flanmhac_n siona_n call_v flannus_fw-la siuna_fw-la by_o 78._o gratianus_n lucius_n who_o die_v an._n dom._n 914._o or_o as_o sir_n james_n 26._o ware_n think_v an._n dom._n 916._o and_o for_o tigernacus_n his_o annal_n the_o four_o magistri_fw-la as_o colgunus_fw-la call_v they_o or_o the_o annal_n of_o dungall_n be_v positive_a that_o tigernacus_n o_o braion_n the_o author_n of_o they_o die_v 108._o in_o the_o eleven_o century_n an._n dom._n 1088._o there_o remain_v only_o the_o psaltuir_n naran_a write_v by_o aonghais_n ceile_v de_fw-fr or_o by_o aengusius_fw-la one_o of_o the_o culdee_n who_o live_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o eight_o century_n as_o the_o same_o irish_a antiquary_n confess_v 8_o who_o withal_o say_v that_o all_o the_o work_v contain_v therein_o relate_v only_o to_o matter_n of_o piety_n and_o devotion_n 579.582_o which_o therefore_o can_v signify_v nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n so_o that_o nothing_o appear_v of_o the_o irish_a antiquity_n which_o can_v pretend_v to_o be_v write_v before_o the_o danish_a invasion_n and_o although_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o these_o annal_n be_v take_v out_o of_o other_o more_o ancient_a yet_o we_o have_v bare_o their_o word_n for_o it_o for_o those_o ancient_a annal_n whatever_o they_o be_v be_v irrecoverable_o lose_v so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o comparison_n of_o one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o how_o can_v they_o be_v so_o certain_a of_o the_o exactness_n use_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o tarach_n to_o preserve_v their_o annal_n if_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a annal_n to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o proceed_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v a_o very_a extraordinary_a care_n for_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n to_o preserve_v their_o annal_n if_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v of_o it_o which_o do_v much_o exceed_v the_o library_n of_o antiquity_n which_o 4._o suffridus_n petrus_n speak_v of_o set_v up_o as_o he_o say_v by_o friso_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o frisian_n at_o stavera_n near_o the_o temple_n of_o stavo_n in_o which_o not_o only_o the_o ancient_a record_n be_v preserve_v from_o time_n to_o time_n but_o the_o picture_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n with_o the_o time_n of_o their_o reign_n from_o an._n 313._o before_o christ_n be_v come_v to_o charlemagn_v time_n the_o like_a whereof_o he_o say_v no_o german_a nation_n can_v boast_v of_o but_o yet_o methinks_v the_o posterity_n of_o gathelus_n exceed_v that_o of_o friso_n in_o the_o care_n of_o preserve_v their_o antiquity_n for_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n be_v concern_v in_o it_o but_o i_o never_o read_v of_o any_o who_o ever_o see_v this_o library_n of_o antiquity_n at_o stavera_n but_o we_o must_v believe_v cappidus_fw-la staverensis_fw-la and_o occa_fw-la scarlensis_n as_o to_o these_o thing_n and_o that_o they_o see_v the_o record_n as_o hector_n do_v veremundus_n although_o none_o else_o ever_o do_v but_o as_o to_o this_o parliament_n of_o tarach_n which_o be_v careful_a to_o preserve_v the_o irish_a antiquity_n whence_o have_v we_o this_o information_n be_v the_o act_n of_o that_o assembly_n preserve_v be_v any_o copy_n of_o those_o annal_n still_o in_o be_v yes_o we_o 47._o be_v tell_v that_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o original_a book_n be_v entrust_v by_o the_o estate_n to_o the_o prelate_n and_o those_o prelate_n for_o its_o perpetual_a preservation_n cause_v several_a authentic_a copy_n of_o it_o to_o be_v fair_o engross_v whereof_o some_o be_v extant_a to_o this_o day_n and_o several_a more_o faithful_o transcribe_v out_o of_o they_o their_o name_n be_v the_o book_n of_o ardmach_n the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n etc._n etc._n it_o seem_v then_o these_o be_v the_o transcript_n of_o the_o original_a authentic_a book_n allow_v by_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o book_n of_o ardmach_n be_v a_o late_a thing_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n compose_v by_o a_o canon_n of_o armach_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a rest_n upon_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n which_o must_v be_v compose_v 500_o year_n after_o the_o meeting_n of_o that_o famous_a assembly_n for_o st._n patrick_n be_v one_o of_o the_o number_n and_o it_o be_v do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o laogirius_n or_o leogarius_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o die_v say_v 73._o gratianus_n lucius_n an._n dom._n 458._o but_o king_n cormach_n live_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n and_o therefore_o a_o account_n must_v be_v give_v how_o this_o original_a book_n or_o authentic_a copy_n be_v preserve_v for_o that_o 500_o year_n and_o more_o in_o the_o miserable_a condition_n that_o nation_n be_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o so_o great_a between_o the_o authority_n of_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n and_o these_o annal_n as_o be_v pretend_v for_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o story_n of_o brutus_n shall_v be_v think_v more_o incredible_a than_o that_o of_o ciocal_a bartholanus_n and_o nemedus_n with_o his_o son_n briotan_n that_o give_v the_o name_n to_o britain_n and_o especial_o the_o story_n of_o gathelus_n himself_o his_o marriage_n in_o egypt_n to_o scota_n come_v to_o spain_n and_o thence_o his_o posterity_n to_o ireland_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v make_v in_o imitation_n of_o geffrey_n brutus_n for_o brutus_n marry_v pandrasus_n his_o daughter_n the_o king_n of_o greece_n and_o then_o be_v force_v to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n at_o sea_n and_o pass_v by_o mauritania_n just_a as_o gathelus_n do_v the_o one_o land_v in_o gaul_n and_o come_v for_o albion_n and_o the_o other_o in_o spain_n and_o send_v his_o son_n for_o ireland_n and_o i_o wonder_v to_o find_v 7._o brutus_n his_o giant_n in_o albion_n of_o so_o much_o large_a proportion_n than_o the_o giant_n in_o ireland_n who_o be_v say_v not_o to_o exceed_v the_o tall_a growth_n of_o man_n for_o i_o have_v think_v giant_n have_v be_v giant_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n 347._o suppose_v some_o learned_a man_n have_v question_v whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o person_n as_o brute_n i_o shall_v think_v it_o no_o more_o heresy_n than_o to_o call_v in_o question_n whether_o there_o be_v such_o person_n as_o ciocal_a bartholanus_n briotan_n or_o gathelus_n if_o the_o silence_n of_o good_a author_n the_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o want_v of_o ancient_a annal_n complain_v of_o make_v the_o history_n of_o brutus_n so_o hard_o to_o be_v believe_v i_o only_o desire_v that_o these_o irish_a tradition_n may_v be_v examine_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n and_o then_o i_o believe_v the_o irish_a antiquity_n will_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o form_n with_o the_o british_a only_a geffrey_n have_v not_o so_o lucky_a a_o invention_n as_o to_o have_v his_o history_n confirm_v by_o parliament_n for_o if_o he_o have_v but_o think_v of_o it_o he_o can_v have_v make_v as_o general_a a_o assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n at_o lud_n town_n and_o as_o select_v a_o committee_n of_o nine_o as_o ever_o be_v at_o tarach_n but_o all_o man_n invention_n do_v not_o lie_v the_o same_o way_n and_o in_o this_o i_o confess_v kete_v or_o his_o author_n have_v very_o much_o exceed_v geffrey_n and_o his_o british_n ms._n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o irish_a chronologer_n and_o historian_n have_v so_o much_o more_o probability_n in_o their_o story_n of_o briotan_n than_o the_o british_a writer_n have_v in_o the_o tradition_n of_o brute_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v not_o original_o the_o invention_n of_o geffrey_n only_o he_o may_v use_v some_o art_n in_o set_v it_o off_o as_o he_o think_v with_o great_a advantage_n than_o the_o britain_n have_v do_v before_o he_o but_o still_o we_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o irish_a monument_n in_o the_o psalter_n of_o cashel_n write_v 800_o year_n since_o by_o the_o holy_a cormach_n both_o king_n and_o bishop_n of_o munster_n let_v we_o then_o for_o once_o examine_v one_o part_n of_o the_o history_n take_v from_o thence_o and_o then_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o it_o deserve_v so_o much_o more_o credit_n than_o the_o british_a antiquity_n
pict_n and_o the_o scot_n after_o they_o have_v beat_v they_o and_o then_o take_v occasion_n to_o quarrel_v with_o the_o britain_n only_a they_o still_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v vortigern_n firm_a to_o they_o to_o this_o purpose_n 37._o nennius_n tell_v the_o story_n of_o hengist_n fair_a daughter_n rovena_n and_o how_o vortigern_n be_v ensnare_v by_o she_o to_o the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n of_o the_o britain_n hector_n boethius_n say_v that_o vodinus_n bishop_n of_o london_n be_v kill_v by_o hengist_n for_o reprove_v vortigern_n for_o that_o marriage_n but_o we_o must_v not_o be_v too_o strict_a upon_o hector_n to_o put_v he_o to_o produce_v his_o voucher_n and_o the_o 1._o british_a history_n add_v that_o hengist_n be_v a_o subtle_a man_n insinuate_v still_o into_o vortigern_n that_o his_o own_o people_n do_v not_o love_v he_o and_o that_o they_o will_v depose_v he_o and_o set_v up_o aurelius_n ambrose_n and_o by_o such_o art_n they_o widen_v the_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o his_o people_n when_o they_o design_v nothing_o less_o than_o the_o destruction_n of_o both_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o what_o gildas_n and_o bede_n have_v leave_v that_o these_o heat_n soon_o break_v out_o into_o open_a flame_n to_o the_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n of_o the_o country_n but_o how_o the_o war_n begin_v and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v first_o manage_v on_o the_o british_a side_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a but_o 3â—_n nennius_n say_v that_o when_o vortigern_n be_v wickedness_n grow_v so_o great_a as_o to_o marry_v his_o own_o daughter_n he_o be_v condemn_v in_o solemn_a council_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n both_o clergy_n and_o laity_n and_o upon_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o noble_n he_o withdraw_v himself_o from_o affair_n to_o a_o private_a castle_n but_o the_o 2._o british_a history_n make_v it_o worse_o viz._n that_o the_o britain_n forsake_v he_o and_o set_v up_o his_o son_n vortimer_n who_o behave_v himself_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o resolution_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o then_o reckon_v up_o four_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v with_o they_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o derwent_n the_o second_o at_o episford_n or_o rather_o alesford_n the_o three_o upon_o the_o seashore_n when_o he_o drive_v they_o into_o their_o ship_n and_o so_o home_o but_o the_o four_o be_v not_o mention_v after_o which_o geffrey_n relate_v vortimer_n being_n poison_v by_o his_o mother-in-law_n and_o the_o restore_n of_o vortigern_n and_o his_o call_n for_o the_o saxon_n back_o again_o 45._o nennius_n speak_v of_o vortimer_n fight_v with_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n and_o add_v his_o success_n to_o have_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o have_v drive_v they_o into_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n and_o that_o there_o he_o besiege_v and_o beat_v and_o terrify_v they_o to_o that_o degree_n that_o they_o send_v into_o germany_n for_o fresh_a succour_n by_o which_o they_o be_v enable_v to_o manage_v the_o war_n with_o various_a success_n against_o the_o britain_n and_o then_o reckon_v up_o the_o three_o battle_n just_a as_o geffrey_n do_v only_o the_o last_o he_o say_v be_v upon_o the_o seashore_n juxta_fw-la lapidem_fw-la tituli_fw-la a_o little_a after_o which_o he_o say_v that_o vortimer_n die_v without_o any_o mention_n of_o poison_n but_o he_o say_v before_o his_o death_n he_o give_v command_v to_o have_v his_o body_n bury_v on_o the_o seashore_n where_o the_o saxon_n flee_v which_o be_v neglect_v and_o to_o which_o nennius_n impute_v their_o return_n after_o which_o they_o can_v never_o be_v drive_v out_o because_o as_o he_o say_v it_o be_v the_o divine_a pleasure_n more_o than_o their_o own_o valour_n which_o make_v they_o settle_v here_o and_o it_o be_v he_o that_o order_n and_o rule_v the_o nation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o who_o can_v resist_v his_o will_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o all_o this_o that_o nennius_n consult_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o nowhere_o use_v that_o freedom_n which_o gildas_n do_v in_o set_v forth_o the_o great_a sin_n among_o they_o which_o provoke_v god_n to_o punish_v they_o in_o so_o severe_a a_o manner_n the_o place_n where_o vortimer_n desire_v to_o be_v bury_v be_v call_v by_o nennius_n lapis_fw-la tituli_fw-la from_o whence_o 240._o camden_n and_o archbishop_n 413._o usher_n conceive_v it_o to_o be_v stonar_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n near_a richborrow_n but_o nennius_n say_v only_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o french_a sea_n from_o whence_o mr._n ms._n somner_n rather_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v folkstone_n in_o kent_n because_o of_o its_o lofty_a situation_n whereas_o stonar_n lie_v in_o a_o low_a and_o flat_a level_n apt_a to_o inundation_n but_o than_o nennius_n must_v have_v mistake_v lapis_fw-la tituli_fw-la for_o lapis_n populi_n and_o i_o dare_v say_v nennius_n be_v guilty_a of_o great_a mistake_n than_o that_o but_o he_o far_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n the_o name_n be_v not_o stonar_n but_o estonar_n which_o signify_v the_o eastern_a border_n shore_n or_o coast._n 454._o matthew_z of_o westminster_n give_v this_o account_n of_o these_o proceed_n that_o the_o british_a nobility_n forsake_v vortigern_n set_v up_o vortimer_n who_o with_o their_o assistence_n pursue_v the_o saxon_n to_o derwent_n and_o there_o kill_v many_o of_o they_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v darent_fw-la in_o kent_n thence_o dartford_n as_o 233._o camden_n observe_v be_v the_o same_o with_o darenford_n but_o he_o make_v vortigern_n to_o have_v flee_v away_o with_o the_o saxon_a army_n and_o to_o have_v give_v they_o all_o the_o assistence_n he_o can_v and_o then_o say_v he_o vortimer_n begin_v to_o restore_v the_o britain_n possession_n to_o they_o and_o to_o rebuild_v their_o church_n and_o to_o show_v kindness_n to_o the_o churchman_n the_o next_o year_n he_o say_v the_o saxon_n fight_v again_o with_o the_o britain_n at_o ailesford_n and_o after_o a_o sharp_a fight_n the_o saxon_n flee_v and_o great_a multitude_n of_o they_o be_v slay_v not_o long_o after_o vortimer_n with_o his_o brother_n catigern_n and_o pascentius_n and_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o britain_n make_v war_n with_o the_o saxon_n and_o in_o battle_n catigern_n be_v kill_v by_o horsus_n and_o horsus_n by_o vortimer_n upon_o which_o the_o saxon_a army_n flee_v the_o next_o year_n he_o say_v hengist_n fight_v three_o battle_n with_o vortimer_n and_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o go_v back_o into_o germany_n and_o four_o year_n after_o vortimer_n say_v he_o be_v poison_v anno_fw-la dom._n 460._o and_o bury_v in_o london_n and_o then_o vortigern_n recall_v the_o saxon_n 1._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n say_v that_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n agree_v for_o seven_o year_n after_o their_o land_n and_o then_o vortimer_n find_v their_o deceit_n incense_v his_o father_n and_o the_o britain_n against_o they_o and_o so_o for_o twenty_o year_n there_o be_v continual_a war_n and_o light_a skirmish_n and_o four_o pitch_a battle_n in_o the_o first_o he_o make_v their_o fortune_n equal_a horsa_n be_v kill_v on_o one_o side_n and_o catigis_fw-la on_o the_o other_o in_o the_o rest_n the_o saxon_n be_v always_o superior_a and_o vortimer_n dead_a a_o peace_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o britain_n affair_n go_v ill_a till_o ambrose_n recover_v they_o 2._o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n relate_v this_o story_n after_o a_o different_a manner_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o vortigern_n after_o the_o marriage_n of_o hengist_n daughter_n be_v so_o hate_v that_o he_o withdraw_v to_o the_o mountain_n and_o wood_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o castle_n be_v consume_v together_o after_o which_o ambrose_n aurelianus_n with_o vortigern_n two_o son_n vortimer_n and_o catiger_n fight_v the_o saxon_n and_o he_o make_v the_o first_o battle_n at_o ailestreu_n or_o elstree_n the_o next_o after_o vortimer_n death_n at_o creganford_n or_o crayford_n in_o which_o he_o say_v the_o britain_n be_v quite_o beat_v out_o of_o kent_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o begin_v the_o saxon_n kingdom_n of_o kent_n the_o next_o he_o say_v be_v at_o wippedsflede_n which_o be_v so_o terrible_a on_o both_o side_n that_o from_o thence_o he_o say_v that_o the_o saxon_n and_o britain_n do_v not_o disturb_v each_o other_o for_o a_o great_a while_n they_o remain_v within_o kent_n and_o the_o britain_n quarrel_v among_o themselves_o 455._o florentius_n wigorniensis_n therein_o differ_v from_o the_o rest_n that_o he_o make_v the_o battle_n at_o aegelsthrep_n to_o have_v be_v between_o vortigern_n and_o hengist_n but_o he_o say_v after_o the_o battle_n at_o creccanford_n the_o britain_n flee_v to_o london_n and_o leave_v kent_n to_o the_o saxon_n wherein_o he_o follow_v the_o saxon_a annal_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o two_o other_o battle_n that_o at_o wippedsfleot_n and_o that_o which_o he_o call_v the_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o britain_n