at Rome there was dedicated to his memory at Catana in Sicily an ample Wrestling-place call'd Gymnasium Marcelli Statues and Pictures of those he took from Syracuse were set up in Samothracia in the Temple of the Gods named Cabiri Phaenician Gods chiefly worship'd at Berytus and in the Temple of Minerva at Lindum one of the three best Towns in the Island Rhodes where to a Statue of his was added as Posidonius delivers this Epigram This Stranger was to Rome a Glorious Star Noble by Blood but nobler much by War Marcellus Claudius seven times Consul made His Sword sent Foes in millions to the shades The Author of this Epigram accounts to Marcellus's five Consulates his two Proconsulates His Progeny continued in high honour even to Marcellus Son of Octavia Sister of Augustus whom she brought to her Husband C. Marcellus He deceased a Bridegroom in the year of his Aedileship having not long before married Caesars Daughter His Mother Octavia dedicated a Library to his honour and memory and Caesar the Theatre on which he caused to be engraven Theatrum Marcelli The PARALLEL THESE are the memorable things I have found in Historians of Marcellus and Pelopidas Betwixt which two great Men though in Wit Inclinations and Manners they nearly resembled each other because both were valiant and diligent and daring and haughty there was yet some diversity in this that Marcellus in many Cities that he reduced into his Power committed great slaughter but Epaminondas and Pelopidas when they had gotten a Victory never kill'd any Man nor deprived the Citizens of their Liberty They report that the Thebans also would not when they were present have so resolved against the Orchomenians Marcellus's Exploits against the Gauls are admirable and ample when guarded by a few Horse he defeated and put to flight a vast number of Horse and Foot together an action you cannot easily in Historians find to have been done by any other Captain and took their King Prisoner To which honour though Pelopidas aspired he attain'd not to it but was kill'd by the Tyrant and prevented But to these you may perhaps oppose those two most noble and very great Battels the one at Leuctra the other at Tegyrae But there is extant no Memoir of any Atchievement of Marcellus by stealth or treachery or Ambuscade such as were those of Pelopidas when he returned from Exile and kill'd the Tyrants at Thebes But in this he seems to be worthy of commendation more than for all his Atchievements performed in the dark and by cunning and stratagems Now Hannibal a terrible Enemy and a hard urged the Romans as in truth the Lacedaemonians did then the Thebans But that these were in the Fights of Leuctra and Tegyrae beaten and put to flight by Pelopidas is confess'd Polybius writes that Hannibal was never so much as once vanquished by Marcellus but remain'd in all Encounters invincible until Scipio managed the War against him But we believe rather Livius Caesar Cornelius Nepos and among the Greeks King Juba who all expresly affirm that the whole Army of Hannibal was in some Fights routed and put to flight by Marcellus though these defeats conduced little to the sum of the War. And it appears that the Carthaginians cunning and stratagems deceived him in those Conflicts But this may seem truly admirable that Marcellus made the Romans after the defeat of so many Armies the slaughter of so many Captains and in fine the confusion of almost the whole Roman Empire valiant still and of courage equal to their losses and fit to engage in new Battels For Marcellus was the only man that took from them that great and inveterate fear and dread and revived raised confirmed the Spirits of the Souldiers fighting with the Enemies for Glory and Victory to that degree of bravery that they would not easily yield the Victory but contend for it to the last For the same men whom assiduous Defats had accustomed to think themselves happy if they coud but save themselves by running from Hnnibal These he taught to esteem it base and ignominious to return safe after a loss of the Victory lest thereby they should implicitly confess that they had given back in the ardor of the Fight and to grieve to extremity they had not forced the Palm out of the Enemies hands Truth is though Pelopidas was never overcome in any Battel where himself was present and commanded in Chief and Marcellus referr'd many Victories to his equals truly he that could not be easily overcomeâ—â— was of right to be compared with the most invincible But Marcellus took Syracuse whereas Pelopidas was frustrated of his hope to reap the spoils of Sparta But in my judgment 't was more difficult to advance his Standard even to the Walls of Sparta and to be the first of Mortals that ever passed the River Eurotas in Arms than it was to tame Sicily unless it be your judgment that that Adventure is with more of right to be attributed to Epaminondas as was also the Leuctrick Battel Whereas Marcellus's Renown and the glory of his brave Actions came intire and undiminished to him alone For he alone took Syracuse and without a Companion or Rival fought with Hannibal and quite changing the face of the War was the first Captain that durst attempt any thing memorable upon him even at a time when all other Captains declined to fight him The Gauls in like manner he routed and put to most shameful flight without his Collegue I commend not the death of either of these nay rather I sigh and groan and am truly afflicted for their sudden and unexpected fall But I much admire that in so many sharp Conflicts more than can be reckon'd in one day Hannibal received not so much as one wound I commend also Chrysantes in Xenophon's Cyrotâ—dia who having lost his Sword and about to strike his Enemy so soon as a Retreat was sounded left his Enemy and retired himself sedately and modestly Yet the anger which provoked Pelopidas to pursue revenge in the heat of fight may excuse him The first thing for a Captain is to gain Safe Victory the next to be with honour slain as Euripides teacheth For then no incommodity is offer'd but Death is called the action of him going off Now the end of Pelopidas's Victory which consisted in the slaughter of the Tyrant besides the flame presenting it self to his eyes did not wholly carry him away unadvisedly because it was not easie to lay hold of another glorious occasion conjoyned with matter so honourable and splendid But Marcellus when it made little to his advantage and when no violent ardour as it usually falls out in present danger transported him to passion throwing himself into danger fell into an unexplored Ambush he who had born five Consulates three Triumphs won the spoils and glories of Kings and Victories to act the part of a fore-runner Scout or Centinel and to expose all his Atchievements to be trod under foot by
Plutarch Lives vol 2 d THE Second Volume OF PLUTARCH'S LIVES Translated from the Greek BY SEVERAL HANDS The Second Edition LONDON Printed for Jacob Tonson at the Judges-Head in Chancery-Lane near Fleet-Street 1688 A Chronological Table to the Second Volume of Plutarch 's Lives  The Julian Period Before the Coming of Christ After the Worlds Creation After the building of Rome The Year of the Olympiad The Olympiad Alcibiades 90 3 335 3532 416 4296 C. M. Coriolanus his Banishment 73 2 266 3463 485 4227 Timoleon 108 4 408 3605 343 4369 Paulus Aemil. overcame K. Perseus 152 3 583 3780 168 4544 Pelopidas the Battel at Leuctrum 102 3 383 3580 368 4344 Marcellus took Syracuse 142 2 542 3739 209 4503 Aristides 72 1 261 3458 490 4222 Marcus Cato 144 2 550 3747 201 4511 Philopoemen 147 3 563 3760 1884 524 T. Quintius Flaminius Consul 145 3 555 3752 196 4516 The LIVES contained in the Second Volume ALcibiades page 1 Coriolanus translated by Dr. Blomer p. 81 Paulus Emilius Mr. Arrowsmith 171 Timoleon Dr. Blomer 241 Pelopidas Mr. Creech 317 Marcellus Dr. Charlton 369 Aristides Mr. Cooper 433 Marcus Cato Mr. Lydcot 485 Philopoemen Dr. Short 549 Titus Flaminius Mr. Whitaker 583 ALCIBIADES M. Burgers sculp See with what joy the Exile is restor'd So Hated once and now so much ador'd His fortune various noe less his mind Where every vice with every vertue joyn'd Nothing seem'd hard to his courage will or pride Success still following as he chang'd his side THE LIFE OF ALCIBIADES Translated from the Greek Volume II. ALcibiades as it is suppos'd was anciently descended from Eurysaces the Son of Ajax by his Fathers side and by his Mothers side from Alcmeon for Dinonache his Mother was the Daughter of Meâ—acles His Father Clinias having fitted out a Gally at his own expence gained great Honour in a Sea-fight near Artimisium and was afterwards slain in the Battel of Coronea fighting against the Baeotians Pericles and Ariphron the Sons of Xantippus being nearly related to Alcibiades were his Guardians 'T is said and not untruely that the Kindness and Friendship which Socrates shewed to him did very much contribute to his Fame Hence it is that tho' we have not an account from any Writer who was the Mother of Nicias or Demosthenes of Lamachus or Phormio of Thrasybulus or Theramenes notwithstanding they were all of them Illustrious Persons and of the same Age yet we know even the Nurse of Alcibiades that her Countrey was Lacedaemon and her Name Amyclas and that Zopyrus was his Schoolmaster the one being recorded by Antisthenes and the other by Plato It is not perhaps material to say any thing of the Beauty of Alcibiades only that it lasted with him in all the Ages of his Life in his Infancy in his Youth and in his Manhood and thereby rendred him lovely and agreeable to every one For it is not universal what Euripides saith that Of all Fair things the Autumn is most Fair. But this happened to Alcibiades amongst few others by reason of his happy Composition and the natural Vigor of his Body It is said that his Lisping when he spoke became him well and gave a Grace to his Pronunciation Aristophanes takes notice that he lisped in those Verses wherein he jeers Theorus because Alcibiades speaking of him instead of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pronounced 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so called him Flatterer unawares to himself From whence the Poet takes occasion to observe How very luckily he lisp'd the Truth Archippus also makes mention of it thus reflecting upon the Son of Alcibiades His Father he will imitate in all Like one dissolv'd in Ease and Luxury His long loose Robe he seems to draw with pain Carelesly leans his Head and in his Talk Affects to lisp His Manners were very different nor is it strange that they varied according to the many and wonderful Vicissitudes of his Fortune He was naturally subject to great Passions but the most prevailing of all was his Ambition and Desire to be esteem'd the first which appear'd by several memorable Things spoken by him whilst he was a Child Once being hard press'd in Wrastling and fearing to be thrown he got the Hand of the Person who strove with him to his Mouth and bit it with all his sorce his Adversary loos'd his hold presently and said Thou bitest Alcibiades like a Woman No replied he I bite like a Lion. Another time as he played at Cockal in the Street being then but a Boy a loaded Cart came that way when it was his Turn to throw at first he requir'd the Driver to stay because he was to cast in the way over which the Cart was to pass but the rude Fellow did not hearken to him and driving on still when the rest of the Boys divided and gave way Alcibiades threw himself on his Face before the Cart and stretching himself out bid the Carter drive on if he would This so startled the Man that he put back his Horses while all that saw it were terrified and crying out ran to assist Alcibiades When he began to study he obeyed all his other Masters with great Respect but refused to learn upon the Flute as a sordid thing and not becoming a Gentle man for he would say To play on the Lute or the Harp does not disorder the Posture of a man's Body or the Air of his Face but one is hardly to be known by his most intimate Friends when he play on the Flute Besides he who plays on thâ— Harp may discourse or sing at the samâ— time but the use of the Flute does so contract the Mouth that the Voice is intercepted and all Speech taken away Therefore said he let the Theban Youths pipe because they know not how to discourse but we Athenians as our Ancestors have told us have Minerva for our Patroness and Apollo for our Protector one of which threw away the Flute and the other stripped off his Skin who play'd upon it Thus between Raillery and good Earnest Alcibiades not only kept himself but others from learning upon that Instrument for it presently became the Talk of the young Gentlemen that Alcibiades with good Reason despis'd the Art of playing on the Flute and ridicul'd those who studied it Whereupon it quickly ceas'd to be reckon'd amongst the Liberal Arts and became universally exploded It is reported in the Invective which Antiphon wrote against Alcibiades That once when he was a Boy he fled to the House of Democrates one of his Lovers and that Ariphron had determin'd to cause Proclamation to be made for him had not Pericles diverted him from it by saying That if he were dead the Proclaiming of him could only cause it to be discover'd one day sooner and if he were safe it would be a Reproach to him whilst he liv'd Antiphon does also say That in the publick Place of Exercises in Syburtius he slew one
to himself Now those who were of Titus Flaminius's Cabal vacated in open Council all the Bargains and Contracts made by him for the repairing and carrying on of the sacred and publick Buildings as bringing no profit to the Commonwealth They did incite also the boldest of the Tribunes of the people to accuse him to the Rabble and to fine him two Talents They did likewise very much oppose him in building the Palace which he caus'd to be erected at the common charge just by the Senate-house in the Market-place and call'd it by his own name Porcia House However the people it seems did like his Censourship wondrous well for setting up a Statue for him in the Temple of the Goddess of Health they put an Inscription under it not of his War-like Feats and Triumphs but such a one as signify'd That this was Cato the Censour who by his good Discipline and Ordinances reclaim'd the Roman Common-wealth when it was declining and supinely tumbling into Vice. Now before this Statue-honour was done to himself he us'd to laugh at those who lov'd such kind of things saying They were not sensible that they glory'd chiefly in the Workmanship of Engravers and Painters but that the Citizens bore about his fairest Image in their Breasts When any seem'd to wonder at him that he should have never a Statue when many ordinary persons had one I wou'd said he much rather be ask'd why I have not one than why I have one In short He would not have any honest Citizen endure to be prais'd except it might prove advantageous to the Common-wealth yet still he most of all commended himself for he would often intimate that they who were of an ill life and found fault with us'd to say It was not sure so great a feat to blame them for they pretended not all to be Cato ' s. He wou'd also add That they who did awkardly mimick some of his Actions were called left-handed Cato's and that the Senate in most perillous times wou'd cast their eyes on him as upon a Pilot in a Ship and that often when he was not present wou'd they put off Affairs of greatest consequence These things are indeed too testify'd of him by others for he had a great Authority in the City both for his Life Eloquence and Age. He was also a good Father an excellent Husband to his Wife and an extraordinary Oeconomist nor did he manage all these his Affairs carelesly and as things of little moment Wherefore I think I ought to run over a little farther whatever was commendable in him He marry'd a Wife more noble than rich being of opinion nevertheless that both of them so qualify'd are usually haughty and proud but yet that those of noble blood wou'd be more asham'd of base things and consequently more obedient to their Husbands in all that was fit and handsome for them Him that beat his Wife or Child he esteem'd as one that laid violent hands on what was most sacred and a good Husband he reckon'd worthy of more Praise than a great Senatour wherefore he did in nothing more admire old Socrates than that with a scolding Wife and block-headed Children he liv'd contented and quiet As soon as ever his Son was born though he had never such urgent business upon his hands if it related not to the Publick he wou'd be by when his Wife did unswaddle and wash it for she her self suckled it nay did often too give her Breast to her Servants Children to beget by sucking the same Milk a kind of natural Love in them to her Son. Now when he began to come to years of Discretion Cato himself would teach him his Book although he had a Servant a very honest fellow and a good Grammarian called Chilo who also taught a good many others but he thought not fit as he himself said to have his Son reprimanded by a Servant or pull'd it may be by the Ears when found tardy in his Lesson Nor wou'd he have him owe to a Servant the obligation of so great a thing as his Learning vvherefore he himself as we vvere saying taught him Grammar Law and Fencing Nor did he onely shew him too how to throw a Dart to fight with other Arms and to Ride but even to play at Fisty-cuffs to endure both heat and cold and to swim over the most rapid and rough Rivers He says likewise that he wrote Histories in great Characters with his own hand that so his Son without stirring out of the House might learn the Experience and vertuous Exploits of his Forefathers Nor did he less abstain from speaking any thing obscene before his Son than if it had been in the presence of those sacred Virgins which we call Vestals Nor would he ever go into the Bagno with him which seems to be according to the common custome of the Romans for Sons-in-Law avoided still bathing with Fathers-in-Law being asham'd to see one another naked But having in time learn'd of the Greeks to strip with the Men they have since taught the Greeks to doe it even with the Women themselves Thus Cato form'd and fashion'd his Son to Vertuous Inclinations who was not to be found fault with as to his spritefulness but being of too weak a constitution for hardships he requir'd not of him any austere or hard way of living However though he was thus tender and delicate he prov'd a stout man in the Field and valiantly behav'd himself when Paulus Aemilius fought against Perseus where when his Sword was struck from him by a blow or rather slipt out of his hand by reason of the moistness thereof He so far resented it that he turned to some of his friends about him and taking them along with him again fell upon the Enemy and having by along Fight and much force clear'd the place at length found it among great heaps of Arms and the dead Bodies of his Friends as well as Enemies pil'd one upon another Whereupon Paulus the Governour very much recommended the youth and there is even a Letter of Cato's to his Son which does very highly praise this his honourable Exploit and Prowess for the Recovery onely of his Sword. Afterwards he married Tertia Paulus Aemilius's Daughter and Sister to Scipio nor did he match into this Family less for his own Worth than his Father's so that Cato's care in his Sons Education had an effect suitable He purchas'd still a great many Slaves out of the Captives taken in War but chiefly he bought up the young ones who were capable to be as it were broken and taught like little Whelps and Colts but none of these ever went into another man's house except sent either by Cato himself or his Wife If any one of them were ask'd what Cato did they answer'd Nothing that they knew of When a Servant was at home he was oblig'd either to doâ— some work or sleep for indeed Cato lov'd those most who us'd to lye down often to
gave him a Blow with his Fist and went away Another Schoolmaster telling him that he had Homer corrected by himself How said Alcibiades and do you imploy your time in teaching Children to read You who are able to amend Homer may well undertake to instruct Men. Being once desirous to speak with Pericles he went to his House and was told there that he was not at leisure but busied in considering how to give up his Accompts to the Athenians Alcibiades as he went away said It were better for him to consider how he might avoid giving up any Accompts at all Whilst he was very young he was a Souldier in the Expedition against Potidaea where Socrates lodg'd in the same Tent with him and seconded him in all Encounters Once there happen'd a sharp skirmish wherein they both behav'd themselves with much Bravery but Alcibiades receiving a Wound there Socrates threw himself before him to defend him and most manifestly sav'd him and his Arms from the Enemy and therefore in all Justice might have challeng'd the Prize of Valour But the Generals appearing earnest to adjudge the Honour to Alcibiades because of his Quality Socrates who desir'd to increase his Thirst after Glory was the first who gave Evidence for him and press'd them to Crown him and to decree to him the compleat Suit of Armour Afterwards in the Battel of Delium when the Athenians were routed and Socrates with a few others was retreating on Foot Alcibiades who was on Horse-back observing it would not pass on but stay'd to shelter him from the danger and brought him safe off tho' the Enemy press'd hard upon them and cut off many of the Party But this happened some time after He gave a Box on the Ear to Hipponicus the Father of Callias whose Birth and Wealth made him a Person of great Power and Esteem And this he did unprovok'd by any Passion or Quarrel between them but only because in a Frolick he had agreed with his Companions to do it All men were justly offended at this Insolence when it was known through the City But early the next Morning Alcibiades went to his House and knock'd at the Door and being admitted to him stripp'd off his Garment and presenting his naked Body desir'd him to beat and chastize him as he pleas'd Upon this Hipponicus forgot all his Resentment and not only pardon'd him but soon after gave him his Daughter Hipparete in Marriage Some say that it was not Hipponicus but his Son Callias who gave Hipparete to Alcibiades together with a Portion of 10 Talents and that after when she had a Child Alcibiades forc'd him to give 10 Talents more upon pretence that such was the Agreement if she brought him any Children And yet after Callias for fear of being assassinated by him in a full Assembly of the People did declare that if he should happen to die without Children Alcibiades should inherit his House and all his Goods Hipparete was a vertuous Lady and fond of her Husband but at last growing impatient of the injuries done to her Marriage-bed by his continual entertaining of Curtezans as well Strangers as Athenians she departed from him and retir'd to her Brother's House Alcibiades seem'd not at all concern'd at it and liv'd on still in the same Luxury but the Law requiring that she should deliver to the Archon in Person and not by Proxy the Instrument whereby she sought a Divorce when in obedience to the Law she presented her self before him to perform this Alcibiades came in and took her away by force and carried her home through the Market-place no one all this while daring to oppose him nor to take her from him And she continu'd with him till her death which happened not long after when Alcibiades made his Voyage to Ephesus Nor was this Violence to be thought so very enormous or unmanly For the Law in making her who desires to be divorc'd appear in pubblick seems to design to give her Husband an opportunity of discoursing with her and of endeavouring to retain her Alcibiades had a Dog which cost him 70 Mina and was a very great one and very handsom his Tail which was his principal Ornament he caus'd to be cut off and his Acquaintance childing him for it and telling him that all Athens was sorry for the Dog and cried out upon him for this Action he laugh'd and said It is then come to pass as I desir'd for I would have the Athenians entertain themselves with the Discourse of this lest they should be talking something worse of me It is said that the first time he came into the Assembly was upon occasion of a Largess of Money which he made to the People This was not done by Design but as he pass'd along he heard a Shout and enquiring the Cause and having learn'd that there was a Donative made to the People he went in amongst them and gave Money also The Multitude thereupon applauding him and shouting he was sotransported at it that he forgot a Quail which he had under his Robe and the Bird being frighted with noise fled from him Thereupon the People made louder Acclamations than before and many of them rose up to pursue the Bird but one Antiochus a Pilot caught it and restor'd it to him for which he was ever after very dear to Alcibiades He had great Advantages to introduce himself into the Management of Affairs His noble Birth his Riches the personal Courage he had shewn in divers Battels and the multitude of his Friends and Dependents But above all the rest he chose to make himself Considerable to the People by his Eloquence That he was a Master in the Art of Speaking the Comick Poets bear him witness and Demosthenes the most eloquent of men in his Oration against Midias does allow that Alcibiades among other Perfections was a most exact Orator And if we give Credit to Theophrastus who of all Philosophers was the most curious Enquirer and the most faithful Relator he says that Alcibiades was very happy at inventing Things proper to be said upon the Occasion Nor did he consider the Things only which ought to be said but also what Words and what Expressions were to be us'd and when those did not readily occur he would often pause in the middle of his Discourse for want of apt words and would be silent and stop till he could recollect himself and had consider'd what to say His Expences in Horses kept for the publick Games and in the number of his Chariots were very magnificent for never any one besides himself either private Person or King sent seven Chariots to the Olympick Games He carried away at once the first the second and the fourth Prize as Thucydides says or the third as Euripides relates it wherein he surpass'd all that ever pretended in that kind Euripides celebrates his success in this manner Thee lovely Son of Clinias will I sing Thy Triumphs
a Son Paulâ—â— who is the Subject of my present History His Youth fell out and he was remarkable in a time which flourish'd by reason of the Virtues and Reputations of most excellenâ— and great Persons though he followed not the ordinary Studies with the young men of Quality of that Age nor trod the same Paths to Fame For he did not exercise himself in pleading Causes nor would he stoop to salute embrace and entertain the Vulgar which were the usual insinuating Arts by which many grew Popular Not that he was incapable of either but chose to purchase a much more lasting Glory by his Valour Justice and Integrity and 't was by these Virtues he soon outstript all his Equals The first honourable Office he pretended to was that of Edile which he carried against twelve Competitors of such considerable Worth and Quality that all of them in process of time were Consuls Being afterwards chose into the number of Priests call'd Augurs who amongst the Romans were to observe and register such Divinations as were made by the flight of Birds or Prodigies in the Air he with such Intention studied the ancient Customs of his Countrey and so throughly understood the Religion of his Ancestors that his Office which was before only esteem'd a Title of Honour and upon that account sought after by his means appear'd to be one of the most sublime Arts and that definition of the Philosophers of Religion true that it was the knowing how we ought to worship the Gods. When he perform'd any part of his Duty he did it with great Skill and utmost Care making it his only Business not omitting any one Ceremony or adding the least Circumstance but always contending with his Companions of the same Order about things that might seem inconsiderable and instructing them that though they might think the Deity was easily pacified and ready to forgive Faults of Inadvertency and Negligence yet would such Favour and Pardon be dangerous for a Commonwealth to grant Because no Man ever began the Disturbance of his Countreys Peace by a notorious breach of its Laws but they by degrees grew negligent in things of greatest concern who gave themselves liberty in Matters of lesser moment Nor was he less severe in requiring and observing the ancient Roman Discipline in military Affairs not endeavouring when he had the Command to ingratiate himself with his Souldiers by popular flattery though this Custom prevail'd at that 〈◊〉 amongst many who by their Courtship and seeming affable and mild to those 〈◊〉 were under them in their first Employmenâ— sought to be promoted to a second but 〈◊〉 instructing them in the Laws of militarâ— Discipline with the same Care and Exaâ—â—ness a Priest would teach his Ceremonies anâ— dreadful Mysteries by being severe to sucâ— as transgress'd and contemn'd those Lawâ— he re-establish'd his Country in its formâ—â— Glory esteeming Victory it self but as aâ— accession to the well disciplining of Souldiers Whilst the Romans were engaged in a 〈◊〉 with Antiochus the Great against whom theâ— most experienc'd Commanders were employed there arose another War in the West anâ— they were all up in Arms in Spain Thither they sent Emilius in the Quality of Praetor not with six Axes which number otheâ— Praetors were accustomed to have carried before them but with twelve so that in hiâ— Praetorship he was honour'd with the dignity of a Consul Twice he overcame the Baâ—barians in Battel of whom 30000 werâ— slain which Victory is chiefly to be ascribed to the Wisdom and Conduct of the Commander who by his great Skill in choosinâ— the Advantage of the Ground and makinâ— the Onset at the Passage of a River led 〈◊〉 Souldiers to an easie Conquest Having made himself Master of 250 Cities whose â—nhabitants voluntarily yielded and obliged â—hemselves by Oath to Faithfulness he left â—he Province in peace and return'd to Rome â—ot enriching himself a Drachma by the War. The truth is he never gave himself â—he trouble of heaping up Riches but always â—â—v'd splendidly and generously on the preâ—ent Stock which was so far from being â—reat as was evident after his death that â—here was scarce enough left to answer his Wives Dowry His first Wife was Papiria the Daughâ—er of Masso who had formerly been Conâ—â—l with whom he liv'd a long while in Wedlock and afterwards divorc'd her â—â—ough she bare him a beautiful and illuâ—â—rious Off-spring for she was Mother to â—â—e so renowned Scipio and Fabius Maxiâ—us The Reason of this Separation is not â—â—me to our Knowledge but there seems to 〈◊〉 truth in another Roman's being divorc'd â—â—om his Wife which may be applicable to 〈◊〉 purpose This Person being highly â—â—am'd by his Friends who demanded â—as she not chaste Was she not fair â—as she not fruitful Putting forth his â—oe ask'd them Whether it was not new and â—ell made Yet added he none of you 〈◊〉 tell where it wrings me Certain it is that great and open Faults are the usuâ—â— occasions of Mens putting away their Wiveâ— yet do liatle Jarrings and private Distastâ— which arise from the disagreeableness of theâ—â— Tempers and peevishness of Dispositions though they may be conceal'd from otherâ— often make so great an estrangement anâ— alteration in affections that it is not possible for them to live together with any content Emilius having thus put away Papyriâ—â— married a second Wife by whom he hâ—â— two Sons which he brought up in hiâ— own House adopting the two former into the greatest and most noble Families 〈◊〉 Rome The elder was adopted by Fabiâ—â— Maximus who was five times Consul 〈◊〉 younger by the Son of Scipio Africanâ—s his Cousin-german and was by him named Scipio One of Emilius his Daughteâ— was married to the Son of Cato the â—ther to Elius Tubero the very best of Meâ— and one who knew how to support evâ—â— his Poverty with Magnificence For theâ—â— were 16 near Relations all of them of 〈◊〉 Family of the Elii who were possess'd of 〈◊〉 one Farm which sufficed them all whiâ—â— a small House or rather Cottage containâ—â— them their numerous Offspring and 〈◊〉 Wives amongst whom was the Daughtâ—â— of our Emilius who although her Father 〈◊〉 been twice Consul and twice triumph'd was so far from being ashamed of her Husbands Poverty that she admired his Virtue that had reduced him to that condition Far otherwise it is with the Brothers and Relations of this Age who if different Countreys or at least Walls and Rivers part not their Inheritances and they live at a distance never cease ftom mutual Quarrels This History will suggest good Counsel to â—uch as endeavour to make their Improvement of it by well considering and weighâ—ng things But to proceed Emilius being chosen Consul waged War with the Ligurians â—r Ligustines a People dwelling near the Alpes They were a valiant and warlike Nation and from their Neighbourhood to the Romans well skill'd in the same Diâ—cipline and Arts of
and promâ—â— at last that he would endure Living provided it might be in Solitude and remoâ—â— from Company so that quitting all civâ—â— Transactions and his former Commerce 〈◊〉 the World for a long while after his first Râ—tirement he never came into Corinth but wandred up and down the Fields full of anxioâ— and tormenting Thoughts and spent his timâ— in those desart Places that were at the farthest distance from society and humane Intercourâ—â— Which Behaviour of his may give us occasion to observe that the Minds of Men are easily shaken and carry'd off from their own Sentiments through the casual Commendation or Reproof of others unless the Judgments that we make and the Purposes we conceive be confirm'd too by Reason and Philosophy which give strength and steadiness to our Undertakings for an Action must not only be just and laâ—dible in its own nature but it must proceed likewise from solid Motives and a lasting Principle that so we may fully and constantly approve the thing and be perfectly satisfi'd in what we do for otherwise having once finish'd a Design and brought our Resolution to Practice we shall out of pure weakness come to be troubled at the Performance when the grace and goodliness thereof begins to decay and wear out of our Fancy which render'd it before so amiable and pleasing to us As it happens to those liquorish sort of People that seizing on the more delicious Morsels of any Dish with a keen Appetite are presently disgusted when they grow full and find themselves oppress'd and uneasie now by what they did before so greedily desire for a succeeding Dislike is enough to spoyl the very best of Actions and Repentance makes that which was never so well done â—o become base and faulty whereas the Choice and Procedure that is founded upon Knowledge and wise Reasoning does not change by Disappointment or suffer us to reâ—ent though it happen perchance to be less prosperous in the issue And therefore Phocion of Athens having still vigorously oppos'd â—he Attempts of Leosthenes which howâ—ver did succeed contrary to his Opinion â—nd all the appearance of things when he 〈◊〉 the Athenians fall to sacrifice and look very big and haughty upon a Victory that â—â—gotten by him I should have been glad 〈◊〉 he to them that I my self had been the â—thor of what Leosthenes has atchiev'd for 〈◊〉 but cannot wish that I had offer'd you â—â—â—ther Advice than what I always gave and then appear to be most reasonable But Aâ—â—des the Locrian one of Plato's Companioâ— made a more sharp and severe Reply to Dâ—onysius the elder who demanding one 〈◊〉 his Daughters in Marriage I had 〈◊〉 says he to him see the Virgin in her Gâ—â—â—than in the Palace of a Tyrant And whâ— the same Dionysius enrag'd at the 〈◊〉 made his Sons be put to death a while 〈◊〉 and did then again insultingly ask 〈◊〉 he were still in the same mind as to the 〈◊〉 of his Daughters His Answer was 〈◊〉 cannot but grieve at the cruelty of your deeâ— but am not a whit sorry for the freedom of 〈◊〉 own words Now such Expressions as thâ— may peradventure pass for the Effects of more sublime and accomplish'd Vertue But as for that passionate Disorder of Tâ—moleon upon the late Fact whether it 〈◊〉 from a deep commiseration of his Brother Fate or the Reverence he bore his Mother it did so shatter and dissolve his Spirits thâ— for the space of almost 20 years he had 〈◊〉 offer'd to concern himself in any honouâ—â—ble or publick Action When therefore 〈◊〉 was pitch'd upon for a General and joyfully accepted as such by the Suffrages of the People Teliclides one of the greatest Power and Reputation in Corinth began to exhort him that he would act now like a Man of Worth and Gallantry For says he if you appear magnanimous and do bravely in this Service we shall then believe that you deliver'd us from a Tyrant but if you behave your self basely and come off ill it will be thought by all that you kill'd your Brother While he was yet preparing to set Sayl and listing Souldiers to imbark with him there came Letters to the Corinthians from Icetes that plainly discover'd his Revolt and Treachery for his Embassadors were no sooner gone for Corinth but he openly joyn'd himself to the Carthaginians and further'd them in their Designs that they likewise might assist him to throw out Dionysius and become Master of Syracuse in his room And fearing he might be disappointed of his Aim if any considerable Force and a skilful Leader should come from Corinth before this were effected he sent a Letter of Advice thither in all haste to prevent their setting out telling them they needed not be at any cost and trouble upon his account or run the hazard of a Sicilian Voyage especially since the Carthaginians would dispute their Passage and lay in wait to attack them with a numerous Fleet 〈◊〉 he had now engag'd himself being 〈◊〉 thereto by the slowness of their motions â—â—lend him all necessary Assistance against â—â—onysius This Letter being publickly 〈◊〉 if any had been cold and indifferent 〈◊〉 as to the Expedition in hand yet that 〈◊〉 dignation they conceiv'd against the 〈◊〉 of Icetes did now exasperate and 〈◊〉 them all insomuch that they willingly â—â—â—tributed to supply Timoleon and joyntly 〈◊〉 deavour'd to hasten his departure When the Vessels were equipp'd and 〈◊〉 Souldiers every way provided for thâ—â—â—male Priests of Proserpina had a Dreamâ— Vision wherein she and her Mother 〈◊〉 appear'd to them in a travelling Garb 〈◊〉 were heard to say that they would sail 〈◊〉 Timoleon into Sicily whereupon the Coâ—â—â—thians having built a sacred Galley it 〈◊〉 devoted to them and call'd the Galley 〈◊〉 the Goddesses Timoleon went in Person 〈◊〉 Delphi where he sacrific'd to Apollo 〈◊〉 descending into the Place of Prophecy 〈◊〉 was surpriz'd with this marvellous Occâ—â—rence A Wreath or Garland interwovâ—â— with Crowns and Trophies slipp'd off 〈◊〉 among the Gifts that were there consecâ—â—ted and hung up in the Temple which 〈◊〉 directly down upon his Head so that â—â—pollo seem'd already to crown him with Success and send him thence to conquer and triumph in that Enterprize He put to Sea only with seven Ships of Corinth two of Corcyra and a tenth which was furnish'd out by the Leucadians being now enter'd into the deep by night and carri'd with a prosperous gale the Heaven seem'd all on a sudden to be rent in sunder and a bright spreading Flame to issue from the division and hover over the Ship wherein he was which having form'd it self into a Torch not unlike those that are us'd in their religious Mysteries began to steer the same course and run along in their company guiding them by its light to that Quarter of Italy where they design'd to go ashore The â—oothsayers affirm'd that this Apparition did agree with that Dream of the holy Woâ—en and make good what they had hapâ—ily
and a poor Company for he had but a 1000 Souldiers at the most and no more Provisions either of Corn or Money than were just necessary for the Maintenance and the Pay of that inconsiderable number Nor did the other Towns of Sicily confide in him being lately over-run with Violence and Outrage and then exasperated against all that should offer to lead Armies for the sake chiefly of Calippus an Athenian and Pharax a Lacedaemonian Captain and the Mischiefs they had suffer'd by their Treachery for both of them having given out that the design of their coming was to introduce Liberty and depose Tyrants they did so tyrannize themselves that the Reign of former Oppressors seem'd to be a Golden Age if compar'd with the Lordliness and Exaction of these pretended Deliverers who made the Sicilians reckon them to be far more happy that did expire in Servitude than any that had liv'd to see such a dismal Freedom so that looking for no better Usage from this Corinthian General but imagining that the same Devices and Wheadles were now again set a foot to allure and sweeten them by fair Hopes and kind Promises into the Obedience of a new Master they did all generally unless it were the People of Adranum suspect the Exhortations and reject the Overtures that were made them in his 〈◊〉 Now these were Inhabitants of a small City but that consecrated to Adraâ—us a certain God that was in high Veneration throughout Sicily and they happen'd then to be at variance among themselves insomuch that one Party call'd in Icetes and the Carthaginians to assist them while the other sent addresses to Timoleon that he would come and espouse their Quarrel Now it so fell out that these Auxiliaries striving which should be there soonest did both arrive at Adranum about the same time Icetes brought with him at least 5000 Fighting Men but all the Force Timoleon could make did not exceed 1200 with these he march'd out of Tauromenium which was above 42 miles distant from that City The first day he mov'd but slowly and took up his Quarters betimes after a short Journey but the day following he much quickned his pace and having pass'd through many difficult Places towards Evening he receiv'd Advice that Icetes was newly come to Adranum and lay encamp'd before it upon which Intelligence his Captains and other Officers caused the Vanguard to make a halt that the Army being refresh'd and having repos'd a while they might engage the Enemy with greater Briskness But Timoleon coming up in haste desir'd 〈◊〉 not to stop for that Reason but rather use all possible Diligence to surprize the Icetâ—ans whom probably they would now find in Disorder as having lately ended their March and being taken up at present in erecting Tents and preparing Supper which he had no sooner said but laying hold on his â—â—ckler and putting himself in the Front he led them on as it were to a certain Victory the braveness of such a Leader made them all follow him with a like Courage and Assurance They were now within less than 30 Furlongs of Adranum which having soon got over they immediately fell in upon the Enemy that was seiz'd with Confusion and begun to retire at their first Approaches whence also it came to pass that amidst so little Opposition and so early and general a Flight there were not many more than 300 slain and about twice the number made Prisoners but their Camp and Baggage was all taken The Fortune of this Onset soon oblig'd the Adranitans to unlock their Gates and embrace the Interest of Timoleon who recounted to him in a strange Affrightment and with great Admiration how at the very minute of that Encounter the Doors of their Temple flew open of their own accord that the Javelin also which their God held in his hand was observ'd to tremble at the Point and that drops of Sweat had been seen running down his Face which prodigious Accidents did not only presage the Victory that was then gotten but were an Omen it seems of all his future Exploits to which the leading Felicity of this Action gave him so fair an Entrance For now the neighbouring Cities and Potentates sent Deputies one upon another to seek his Friendship and make the Offer of their Service among the rest Mamercus the Tyrant of Catana both a stout Warriour and a wealthy Prince struck up an Alliance with him and what was of greater Importance still Dionysius himself being now grown desperate and well nigh forc'd to surrender began to despise Icetes as one shamefully baffled but much admiring the Valour of Timoleon found means to advertise him and his Corinthians that he should be content to deliver up himself and the Arsenal into their hands Timoleon gladly embracing this unlook'd for Advantage sends away Euclides and Telemachus two Corinthian Captains with 400 Men for the Seizure and Custody of the Castle who had Directions to enter not all at once or in open view for that was not to be done while the Enemy kept a Guard upon the Haven but only by stealth and in small Companies And so they took possession of that Fortress and the Palace of Dionysius with all the Stores and Ammunition he had prepar'd and laid up as useful to maintain the War for there was found within a good number of Horses and all manner of Engines and a multitude of Darts and Weapons to Arm out 70000 Men that had been the Magazine of old beside 2000 Souldiers that were then with him which he gave up likewise among the rest for Timoleon's Service But Dionysius himself putting his Treasure aboard and a few Friends sail'd away without the knowledge of Icetes and being brought to the Camp of Timoleon he there appear'd first in the lowly Guise and ignoble Equipage of a private Person and was shortly after sent to Corinth with a single Ship and a small sum of Money He who had been born and educated in the most splendid Court and the most absolute Monarchy that ever was which he held and kept up for the space of ten years after his Father's Death and since the Attempts of Dion who constrain'd him to quit the Empire had spent twelve years more in a continual Agitation of Wars and Scufflings and great variety of Fortune during which time all the Mischiess and Vexations â—â— his former Reign were abundantly 〈◊〉 and outdone by those Evils and Calamâ—ties which he then suffer'd for he liv'd â—â— see both the Funeral of his Sons being now about the Prime and Vigour of thâ—â— Age and the Rape of his Daughters â—â— the flower of their Virginity he had aâ—â—ther mortifying sight too from the 〈◊〉 and prostitution of his own Sister that bâ—came his Wife who being first villainoâ—â—y treated and her Person expos'd to all the Lust and Lewdness of the common Soâ—â—diery was then murther'd with her Children and their Bodies cast into the 〈◊〉 the Particulars whereof I have more exaâ—â—â—y related in the
Rancor When Timoleon came back to Syracuse the Citizens brought the Wives and Daughters of Icetes and his Son to a publick Tryal who being there condemned to die did all suffer accordingly which seems to have been the most disagreeable and unhandsom Action of Timoleon's Life for if he had interpos'd his Authority to hinder it the poor Women doubtless had never come to this unhappy End but he was thought to connive thereat and give them up to the incensed Multitude that did thus revenge the Injuries of Dion who expell'd Dionysius for it was this very Icetes which took Arete the Wife and Aristomache the Sister of Dion with a Son of his that had not yet pass'd his Childhood and threw them all together into the Se◠alive as I have related that Villany in the Life of Dion After this he mov'd toward◠Catana against Mamercus who giving him Battel near the River Abolus was overthrow◠and put to flight losing above 2000 men 〈◊〉 considerable part of which were the Punick Troops that Gisco sent in to his Assistance Upon this Defeat the Carthaginians besought him to make a Peace with them which he consented to under the observance of these Articles 1. That they should confine themselves to that part of the Countrey which lyes within the River Lycus 2. That such as were desirous to transplant themselves and remove thence to the Syracusians should have the liberty of doing it with their whole Family and Fortune And last of all That they of Carthage should from that day forward renounce all Leagues and Associations whereby they might any ways stand engag'd to succour and relieve the Sicilian Tyrants Mamercus forsaken now and despairing of Success went aboard for Italy with a Design to bring in the Lucanians against Timoleon and the People of Syracuse but when those of his Company tack'd about with their Galleys and landing again at Sicily deliver'd up Catana to Timoleon he was forc'd to shift for himself and make his Escape to Messina that was under the Tyranny of Hippo. Timoleon then coming up against them and besieging the City both by Sea and Land Hippo fearful of the Event endeavour'd to slip away in a Vessel which the People of Messina surpriz'd as it was putting off who seizing on his Person and bringing his Children from School into the Theatre to be entertain'd as it were with the most goodly Spectacle of a Tyrant punished they first publickly scourg'd and then put him to death Whereupon Mamercus made Surrender of himself to Timoleon with this Proviso that he should be try'd at Syracuse and Timoleon have no hand in his Accusation whither he was brought accordingly and appearing to plead before the People he essay'd to pronounce an Oration he had long before made in his own Defence but finding himself interrupted by Noise and Clamours and observing from their Aspect and Demeanour that the whole Assembly was inexorable he threw off his upper Garment and running cross the Theatre as hard as he could drive violently dash'd his Head against one of the Posts where they were sitting with intention to have kill'd himself but he had not the fortune to perish as he design'd but was taken up alive and hurry'd to the same Execution by which they dispatch Robbers After this manner did Timoleon cut the Nerves of Tyranny and put a period to their Wars for whereas at his first entring upon Sicily the Island was all savage and hateful to the very Natives by reason of the Evils and Miseries they suffer'd there he did so civilize and quiet and reform the Country and render it so desirable to all men that even Strangers now came by Sea to inhabit those Towns and Places which their own Citizens had forsaken and left desolate for Agrigentum and Gelo two famous Cities that had been ruin'd and laid waste by the Carthaginians after the Attick War were then peopled again the one by Megellus and Pheristus that came from Elea in Peloponnesus the other by Gorgus from Cea one of the Isles called Cyclades who having pick'd up some of the old Inhabitants among other Company brought them back with the rest to their former Dwellings to all which Timoleon did not only afford a secure and peaceable Abode in their new Settlement after so obstinate a War but making provision of other Necessaries and giving them a chearful Assistance in all things he had the same Love and Respect from them as if he had been their Founder which Inclination and Esteem for him running through all the rest of the Sicilians there was no Proposal for Peace nor Sanction by Law nor Assignation of Dwelling nor any Form and Order of Government which they did acquiesce in or could think well of unless he were at the end of it as a chief Architect to finish and adorn the Work supperadding some graceful Touches from his own Hand which might render it agreeable and pleasing both to God and Man for although Greece had produc'd several Persons of extraordinary Worth and much renown'd for their Atchievments in his time such as Timotheus and Agesilaus and Pelopidas and the great Epaminondas whom Timoleon did admire and most endeavour to imitate above all the rest yet the lustre of their brightest Actions was mingled with an allay of certain Violence and Labour insomuch that some of them became matter of Reproof and a Subject of Repentance whereas there is not any one Fact of Timoleon's setting aside the necessity of that in reference to his Brother whereunto as Timaeus does observe we may not fitly apply that Exclamation of Sophocles O Gods what Venus or what Grace divine Touch'd the Performance here and made it shine For as the Poetry of Antimachus and the Painting of Dionysius both Natives of Colophon having force and vigour enough in them did yet appear to be strained and claborate Pieces when the Pictures of Nicomachus and the Verses of Homer besides other Advantages of Strength and Beauty have this peculiar Excellence that they seem to come readily from them and to be wrought off with ease and a stroke of Mastery so likewise if with the Expeditions and Conduct of Epaminondas or Agesilaus that were full of Toil and Strugling we compare that of Timoleon which had much smoothness and facility joyn'd with the Splendour and worthiness of what he did it will appear to all that consider well and judge rightly to be the effect not of simple Fortune but rather of a prosperous and happy Courage though he himself did modestly ascribe the great Success of his Undertakings to the sole Favour of Providence for both in the Letters which he wrote to his Friends at Corinth and in those Speeches he made to the People of Syracuse he would say That he was very thankful unto God who having a mind to preserve Sicily was pleas'd to honour him with the Name and Title of that Deliverance he vouchsaft it and having built a Chappel in his House he there
after the Fight took a view of the slain and came to that Place where the three hundred that fought his Phalanx lay dead together he wondred and understanding that 't was the Band of Lovers he wept and said Let them be damn'd who suspect that these Men either did or suffer'd any thing that was base Indeed it was not the Disaster of Laius as the Poets imagine that first rais'd these Lovers amongst the Thebans but their Law-givers who designing to soften whilst they were young their natural Fierceness brought the Pipe into great Esteem both in serious and ludicrous Concerns and encourag'd an excellent Love in their Palestra's to temper the Manners of the Youth and therefore they did very well to make Harmony the Daughter of Mars and Venus their Tutelar because where Force and Courage is joyn'd with Gracefulness and winning Behaviour the most admirable and best contriv'd Government is fram'd All things being then Harmoniously dispos'd Gorgias dividing this sacred Band into the Front Ranks of his Infantry their Courage seem'd not so conspicuous for not being order'd in one Body they were weakned by being mingled with others of lesser Resolution But Pelopidas having sufficiently tryed their Bravery at Tegura and that they kept their Ground and fought well he never afterwards divided them but keeping them entire as one Body he gave the first Charge in the greatest Battels for as Horses run brisker in a Chariot than single not that their joynt Force divides the Air with greater ease but because they run together and their Emulation raiseth their Courage thus he thought stout Men provoking one another to commendable Actions would prove more useful and more resolv'd in an Enterprize where they were all concern'd Now when the Lacedaemonians had made Peace with the other Greeks and warr'd upon the Thebans only and their King Cleombrotus march'd with 10000 Foot and 1000 Horse and not only Slavery as heretofore but total Destruction threatned and Beotia was in a greater fear than ever Pelopidas going out of his own House and his Wife bringing him on his way and with tears begging him to be careful of his Life he reply'd Wife Private Men should be advis'd to look to themselves Generals to save others And when he came to the Camp and found the Generals disagreeing he first joyn'd with Epaminondas who advis'd to fight the Enemy he was not then Archon but Captain of the sacred Band and a Man in Trust as 't was fit he should be who had given his Countrey so great proof of his sincere Endeavours for their Freedom Well then when a Battel was agree'd on and they fac'd the Spartans at Leuctra Pelopidas saw a Vision which very much discompos'd him for in that Plain lye the Bodies of the Daughters of one Scedasus call'd from the Place Leuctridae for there they were bury'd having been ravish'd by some Spartan Strangers When this base and impious Deed was done and their Father could get no Satisfaction at Lacedaemon with bitter imprecations on the Spartans he kill'd himself at his Daughter's Tombs and from that time the Prophesies and Oracles still warn'd them to have a great Care of the Gods Revenge at Leuctra but many did not understand the meaning being uncertain of the Place because there was a little maritime Town of Laconia call'd Leuctron and near Megalopolis in Arcadia a Place of the same Name and the Villany was committed long before this Battel Now Pelopidas being asleep in the Camp thought he saw the Maidens weeping about their Tombs and cursing the Spartans and Scedasus commanding if they desir'd the Victory to sacrifice a red Virgin to his Daughters Pelopidas looking on this as an harsh and impious Injunction rose and told it to the Prophet and Commanders of the Army some of which contended that 't was fit to obey and brought for Examples from the Ancients Meneceus the Son of Creon Macaria the Daughter of Hercules and from latter Times Pherecydes the Philosopher slain by the Lacedaemonians and his Skin as the Oracles advis'd still kept by their Kings that Leonidas warn'd by the Oracle did as it were sacrifice himself for the Good of Greece that Themistocles offer'd some to Bacchus Omestes before the Engagement at Salamis and that the Success shew'd their Actions to be good On the contrary Agesilaus going from the same Place and against the same Enemies that Agamemnon did and being commanded in a Dream at Aulis to sacrifice his Daughter he being too fond deny'd it and therefore his Expedition was unsuccessful and inglorious But some on the other side urg'd that such a barbarous and impious Oblation could not be pleasing to any of those above that Typhons and Giants did not preside over the World but the Father of the Gods and Men that 't was absurd to imagine any Daemons delighted in Slaughter and Sacrifices of Men or if there were any such they were to be neglected as weak and unable to assist for unreasonable and impious Desires could only proceed from and live in weak and deprav'd Minds The Commanders thus disputing and Pelopidas being in a great Perplexity a Mare Colt breaking from the Herd ran through the Camp and when she came to the place where they were stood still and whilst some admir'd the sparkling Redness of her Colour others her Mettle or the strength and fury of her Neighing Theocritus the Augur having consider'd the Matter cry'd out to Pelopidas Happy Man look the Sacrifice is come expect no other Virgin but use that which the Gods have sent thee with that they took the Colt and leading her to the Maidens Sepulchers with the usual Solemnity and Prayers offer'd her with joy and then told the whole Army Pelopidas his Dream and how they had given the requir'd Sacrifice Now in the Battel Epaminondas bending his Phalanx to the left that as much as possible he might divide the right Wing compos'd of Spartans from the other Greeks and distress Cleombrotus by a brisk Charge on that Wing the Enemies perceiv'd the Design and began to change their Order to open their right Wing and far exceeding him in Number incompass Epaminondas But Petopidas came briskly up before Cleombrotus could open and close his Divisions and so fell upon the disorder'd Spartans tho' the Lacedaemonians are the most expert and cunning in the Art of War and are train'd up and accustom'd to nothing more than to keep themselves from Confusion when their Order is disturb'd but to follow any Leader or Right hand Man and order themselves and fight on what part soever Dangers press in this Battel Epaminondas his Phalanx neglecting the other Greeks and charging them alone and Pelopidas coming up with such incredible speed and fury so brake their Courage and baffled their Art that there began such a Flight and Slaughter amongst the Spartans as was never before known and so Pelopidas being neither Archon nor General but only a Captain of a small Band
People towards their Generals collect together and treat of the Banishment of Themistocles Miltiades his Bonds Pericles his Fine and the death of Paches in the Judgment-Hall who upon receiving Sentence slew himselâ— before the Tribunal with many things oâ— the like nature and they add the Banishment of Aristides but of this his condemnation they make no mention Moreover hâ—â— Monument is to be seen at Phalera whicâ— they say was built him by the City aâ— not leaving enough even to defray Funeral Charges And Story saith that hâ— two Daughters were publickly married oâ— of the Prytaneum or Common Treasurâ— by the City decreeing each of them three hundred Drachma's for her Portion But upon his Son Lysimachus the people bestowed an hundred Minae of Silver and a Plantation of as many Acres of ground and ordered him besides upon the motion of Alcibiades four Drachma's a day Furthermore Lysimachus leaving a Daughter named Policrite â—s Callicrates saith the People Voted her â—lso the same provision of Corn with â—hose that obtained the Victory in the Oâ—ympic Games But Demetrius the Phalerian Hieronymus the Rhodian Aristoxenus the Musician and Aristotle if the Treatise â—f Nobility is to be reckoned among the genuine Pieces of Aristotle say that Myrto Aristides his Grand-Daughter was marryed â—o the wise Socrates having another Wife â—ut taking her as remaining a Widow by â—â—ason of her Indigence and wanting the â—ecessaries of life But Panaetius sufficiently â—onfuteth this in the Books he hath written â—oncerning Socrates And Demetrius the â—halerian in his Socrates saith he knew one â—ysimachus Son to the Daughter of Aristides â—â—treamly necessitated who sitting at a â—ace called the Jaccheum sustained himself â—y a Table to interpret Dreams and that â—e being the Author of the Decree induced â—e People to give his Mother and Aunt â—alf a Drachma a Day Moreover the same Demetrius saith that reviewing the Laws he decreed each of these Women a Drachma a Day And it is not to be wondred at that the People of Athens should take such care of those that live in the City since hearing the Grand-Daughter of Aristogiton was in a low condition in the Isle of Lemnos and so poor no body would marry her they brought her back to Athens and marrying her to a Person of great Quality gave with her a Farm in the Borough of Potam of which Bounty and Humanity this City of Athens even in this our Age giving divers Demonstrations is had in Admiration and celebrated deservedly Labour and paine did Catoes yeares employ The Country gave his youth an honest joy Sometime hee little Villages wou'd see And plead y e poore mans cause w th out a fee THE LIFE OF MARCUS CATO THE CENSOR By Sir John Litcott late Fellow of King's Colledge in Cambridge Volume II. MArcus Cato as it is reported was born at Tusculum though till he betook himself to Civil and Military Affairs he liv'd and was bred up in the Countrey of the Sabines where his Father's Estate lay His Ancestours seeming to almost every one unknown he himself is fain to praise his Father Marcus as a Worthy and Valiant Person and Cato his great Grandfather too as one who had often obtain'd the Military Prizes and who having lost five Horses under him receiv'd on the account of his Valour the Worth of them out of the Publick Exchequer Now it being the custome among the Romans to call those who having no lustre by Birth made themselves Eminent by their own Worth Freshmen or Vpstarts they call'd even Cato himself so and so he confess'd himself to be as to any publick Eminency or Employment but yet asserted that in reference to the Exploits and Virtues of his Ancestours he was very ancient His third name formerly was not Cato but Priscus though afterwards he had the Sir-name of Cato by reason of his great Abilities for the Romans signify'd by Cato a Prudent or Experienc'd Man. He was of a Ruddy complexion and grey ey'd as he hints to us who with no good will made the following Epigram upon him Porcius who snarls at all in every place With goggling grey eyes and his fiâ—ry face Ev'n after Death will not received be By Proserpin th' Infernal Deity He contracted even from his Childhood a very good habit of Body by his Exercises so that he seem'd to have an equal portion both of Health and Strength But he exerted and us'd still his Eloquence through all the Neighbourhood and little Villages it being as requisite as a second Body and a necessary Organ to one who has great business Nor wou'd he ever deny to be Council for those who needed him and he was indeed early reckon'd a good Lawyer and quickly after an Eminent Oratour Hence his Wisdome and depth of Capacity did appear more and more to those who us'd his Conversation which Talents requir'd an Employment in the management of great Affairs and those even of the Roman Commonwealth it self Nor did he onely abstain from taking Fees for his Counsel and Pleading but did not so much as affect the honour which proceeded from such kind of Combats seeming much more desirous to signalize himself in the Camp and in real Fights for being yet but a youth his Breast was full of the scars he received from the Enemy being as he himself says but seventeen years old when he made his first Campagne About which time Hannibal burnt and pillag'd all Italy In Engagements he wou'd use to strike lustily without the least flinching stand firm to his ground with a fierce countenance stare upon his Enemies and with a harsh threatning voice accost them Nor was he out in his Opinion whilst he taught That such a rugged kind of Behaviour sometimes does strike the Enemy more than the Sword it self In his Marches he bore his own Arms on foot whilst one only Servant follow'd to carry the Provisions for his Table with whom he is said never to be angry or hasty whilst he made ready his Dinner or Supper but wou'd sor the most part when he was free from Military Duty assist and help him himself to dress it Moreover when he was with the Army he us'd to drink onely Water but when thirsty he wou'd mingle it with a little Vinegar or if he found his strength fail him take a little Wine The little Countrey-house of Marcus Curius who had been thrice carry'd in Triumph happen'd to be near his Grounds so that going thither often and contemplating the small compass of the Place and littleness of the Dwelling he cou'd not but wonder at the mind of the Person who being one of the greatest of the Romans and having subdu'd the most War-like Nations nay and driven Pyrrhus out of Italy should himself after three Triumphs dig in so small a piece of ground and live in such a kind of Cottage Here it was that the Ambassadours of the Samnites finding him boiling of Turnips in the Chimney-corner offer'd him a good
Wife and his Son though he himself being of a strong robust constitution held out longer so that he would often even in his old days make use of Women nay when he was past a Lover's Age he married a young Woman and that upon this pretence You must know that having lost his own Wife he married his Son to the Daughter of Paulus Aemilius who was Sister to Scipio so that being now a Widower himself he made use of a small Girl who came privately to him but the House being very little and a Daughter-in-law also in it the Intrigue was quickly discover'd for the young wench seeming once to pass by a little too boldly to Cato's Bed-chamber the youth his Son though he said nothing seem'd to look a little grim upon her the old man perceiving it a little offensive without finding any fault or saying a word away he goes as his custome was vvith his usual company to the Market Among the rest he call'd aloud to one Salonius a Clerk of his and ask'd him whether he had marry'd his Daughter He answer'd no nor wou'd not till he had consulted him Quoth Cato then by Jove I have found out a fit Son-in-law for thee if he may not displease by reason of his Age for in all other things there is no fault to be found in him but he is indeed as I said a little Old. However Salonius streight desir'd him to undertake the business and to give the Virgin to whom he pleas'd she being an humble Servant of his and one who stood in need of his Care and Patronage Upon this Cato without any more ado told him he desir'd to have the Damosel himself These words did as you may well imagine at first astonish the fellow conceiving that Cato was as far off from marrying as he from a likelyhood of being ally'd to the Family of one who had been Consul and triumph'd but perceiving him in earnest he took hold of it vvillingly and going onwards to Market they quickly struck up the match Now whilst this same Marriage was in hand Cato's Son taking some of his friends along with him vvent and askt his Father for what offence he brought in a Mother-in-law upon him but Cato presently cry'd out Soft and fair good Son what thou doest is a greeable enough to me nor do I find any fault with it onely I desire to have many Children and to leave the Commonvvealth more such Citizens as thou art Pisistratus the Tyrant of Athens made they say such a kind of Ansvver to his Sons vvhen they vvere grovvn men and vvhen he marry'd his second Wife Timonassa of Argos by vvhom he had as is reported also Jophon and Thessalus Now Cato had a Son by this same second Venter to vvhom from his Mother he gave the Sir-name of Salonius in the mean time his eldest dy'd in his Pretorship of vvhom Cato makes often mention in his Books as having been a very good man Hovvever he is said to have born the Loss moderately and like a Philosopher and that he vvas never the more remiss in minding Affairs of State so that he did not as Lucius Lucullus and Metellus did aftervvards grovv languid in his old Age under the burthen of Publick business looking still upon that as a sacred Duty incumbent upon him Nor did he as Scipio Africanus had done before vvho because Envy had struck at his Glory turn'd from the Publick and so chang'd and pass'd avvay the rest of his Life vvithout doing any thing But as one persuaded Dionysius that the most honourable Tomb he could have wou'd be to dye in the exercise of his Dominion so he thought that Age to be the most honourable vvhich vvas busied in publick Affairs though he wou'd now and then when he had leisure recrâ—rate himself with Husbandry and Writing and indeed he compos'd several Books and Histories nay in his youth addicted kimself to Agriculture and that for Profit 's sake for he us'd to say he had but two ways of getting by Agriculture and Parsimony the first of which gave him in his old Age both Pleasure and Contemplation One Book he wrote of Countrey-affairs in which he treated particularly of making Cakes and preserving Fruit being emulous to be excellent and singular in all things His Suppers at his Countrey-house us'd also to be plentiful for he daily invited his Friends and Neighbours about him and pass'd away the time merrily with them so that his company was not onely agreeable to those of the same Age but even to the younger Fry for he had experience in a great many things and had been concern'd in much Business and Conversation worth ones hearing He lookt upon a good Table for the most part to be fittest to make Friends with where the Commendations of brave and good Commonwealths-men was usually introduc'd but not a word of base and ill ones for Cato wou'd not give leave in his company to have either good or ill spoken of such kind of men Some will have the Overthrow of Carthage to have been one of his last Feats of State when indeed Scipio the younger did by his Valour give it the Necking-blow though indeed chiefly by the Counsel and Advice of Cato The War happen'd upon this occasion Cato was sent to the Carthaginians and Massanissa King of Numidia who were at War with one another to know the cause of their difference He it seems was a Friend of the Romans from the beginning and they too since they were conquer'd by Scipio were their Confederates and kept in awe by taking away their Dominion and laying a heavy Tax upon them Now he finding Carthage not as the Romans thought low and in an ill condition but well mann'd full of Riches all sorts of Arms and Ammunition and perceiving the Carthaginians thereupon carry it high he conceiv'd that the Romans had not time to adjust Affairs betwen them and Massanissa but rather that they themselves wou'd fall into danger except they kept under that same City which had of old been an Enemy and still bore a grudge to Rome and grew incredibly stronger and stronger Wherefore returning quickly to Rome he acquainted the Senate That the former Defeats and Blows given to the Carthaginians had not so much diminish'd their Strength as it had abated their Imprudence and Folly that they were not become weaker but more experienc'd in War and did onely skirmish with the Numidians to exercise themselves the better to cope with the Romans That the Peace and League they had made was but a kind of Suspension of Arms till they expected a fairer opportunity to break again Moreover they say That shaking his Gown he took occasion to let drop some Africk Figs before the Senate Now they admiring the bigness and fairness of them he presently added That the Place that bore them was but three days sail from Rome Nay he never after this gave his Opinion but at the end he wou'd be sure to come
Justice and a care of our own private concerns and inveighs against idleness as the Origine of injustice and Homer excellently sung 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I lov'd not Work Nor house affairs or breeding up fine boys But well rig'd Ships were always my delight And Wars keen Darts and Arrows As if those were alike that carelesly imbezled their own Estates and who liv'd by Rapine for it is not as the Physicians say of Oil that outwardly apply'd it's very wholesome but taken inwardly very destructive so a just man provides carefully for others and is heedless of himself and his own affairs but in this Aristides's Politicks seem'd to be defective for as most say he took no care to leave his Daughters a Portion or himself enough to defray his Funeral-charges whereas Cato's family produc'd Senatours and Generals to the fourth generation for his grand-children and their Children came to the highest preferments But Aristides who was the principal man of Greece through extream poverty reduced some of his to get their living by shewing Juglars-tricks others for want to hold out their hands for publick Alms leaving none means to perform any noble Action or worthy his Dignity But why must this needs follow for poverty is dishonourable not in it self but when it is a sign of laziness intemperance luxury and carelesness yet in a person that is temperate industrious just and valiant employ'd in publick affairs furnish'd with all manner of Vertues it shews a great and lofty mind for he is unfit for great matters who concerns himself with petty ones nor can he relieve many needy who himself needs many But the main inablement to serve the Publick is not wealth but a self-sufficiency which vertue requiring no superfluity at home distracts not the mind from the Commonwealth For God is entirely exempt from all want of humane Vertues that which needs least is the most absolute and most divine For as a Body bred to a good habit requires no exquisite either cloaths or food so a man and a sound house keep themselves up with a small matter Now Riches ought to be proportion'd to the use we have of them for he that scrapes together a great deal making use of but little is not content but vvhether he vvants them not he is vain in preparing those things he relishes not or if he doth relish them and restrains his enjoyment out of sordidness he is miserable I would fain know of Cato himself if we therefore seek riches that we may enjoy them why doth he boast in that having a great deal he is contented with little But if it be noble as it is to feed on course Bread and drink the same Wine with our Hinds and not to covet Purple and Plaister'd Houses neither Aristides nor Epaminondas nor Manius Curius nor Caius Fabricius wanted necessaries who took no pains to get those things whose use they approv'd not for it was not worth his while who esteem'd Turnips a most delicate food and who boil'd them himself whilst his Wife bak'd the Bread to brag so often of a half-peny and write how a man may soonest grow rich for its a vast good to be contented with very little because at once it cuts off the desire and care of superfluities Therefore they say Aristides thus deliver'd himself in Callias's case It is for them to blush at poverty who are poor against their wills they who like him are willingly so may glory in it for it is ridiculous to think Aristides's neediness imputable to his sloth who might handsomly enough by the spoil of one Barbarian or seizing one Tent have become wealthy But enough of this Moreover Cato's Expeditions added no great matter to the Roman Empire which already was so great as in a manner it could receive no addition but those of Aristides are the noblest most splendid and prime actions the Grecians ever did viz. the Battels at Maratha Salamis and Plateae Nor indeed is Antiochus nor the Walls of the Spanish Towns demolish'd at the cost of innumerable Legions both by Land and Sea to be compar'd with Xerxes in all which noble exploits Aristides yielded to none but he left the Glory the Laurels the Wealth and Money to those who needed and thirsted more greedily after them for that he was above all those things I don't blame Cato for perpetually boasting and preferring himself before all others though in one of his Orations h◠says It 's equally absurd to praise and dispraise ones self yet he seems to me more perfectly vertuous who doth not so much as desire others praises than he who is always extolling himself for a mind free from Ambition is a main help to Meekness Ambition on the contrary is rough and the greatest fomenter of Envy from which Aristides was wholly exempt Cato very subject to it for Aristides assisted Themistocles in matters of highest importance and as his Officer in a manner rais'd Athens Cato by opposing Scipio almost broke and defeated his expedition against the Carthaginians in which he overthrew Hannibal who till then was even invincible and at last by raising always some suspicions and calumnies or other of him he chac'd him from the City and basely condemn'd his Brother for robbing the State Finally that temperance which Cato always highly cry'd up Aristides preserv'd truly pure and untainted But Cato's Marriage unbecoming his Dignity and Age drew upon him no slight or improbable aspersion for it was not at all decent for him at that age to bring home to his Son and his Wife a young woman the Daughter of an Apparitour and one that work'd publickly for wages But whether he did this out of Lust or Anger to be reveng'd of his Son for his Harlots sake both the fact and the pretence were unhandsome for the reason he pretended to his Son was false for if he desir'd to get more as worthy Children he ought to have married some Person of Quality and one well look'd on from the beginning not to forbear as long as he could conceal his keeping her a Miss and when it was discover'd to chuse such a Father-in-law as was easiest to be got instead of one whose affinity might be a credit to him The End of the Comparison of Aristides with Marcus Cato the Censor PHILOPAEMEN THE LIFE OF PHILOPOEMEN Translated out of the Greek By Thomas Short M. D. Volume II. CAssander was a Man of great quality and power in the City of Mantinea but by the revolution of Fortune hapned to be driven from thence There being an intimate friendship betwixt him and Crausis the Father of Philopoemen who was a Person of extraordinary Worth he setled at Megalopolis where while his friend lived he had all he could desire When Crausis dyed he repay'd the Father's hospitable kindness in the care of the Orphan-Sons by which means Philopoemen
Pyrrhus and the third was Himself Africanus with a Gentle smile asks What would you have said if I had never Vanquisht you O Scipio says he I would not then have made my self the third but First Commander The Generality of Rome had Scipio in Veneration for these Gallantries But they observed so wide a Disparity in this Deportment of Titus that they revil'd him as one who had put his Sickle into other mens Corn had laid his hands upon another's dead Corpse Not but that there were them who put a better Construction upon and applauded the action who look'd upon a living Hannibal as Fire which wanted onely Bellows to blow it into a Flame For when he was in the Prime and Flower of his Age 't was not his Body 't was not his Hand that struck Terrour into the Roman Eagles but his Head-piece his experience and skill in Martial Affairs joyn'd with an innate malice and inveterate rancour against the Roman name which doth not impair with Age. For the Temper and bent of the Soul keeps to its Pole and Participates of the same Nature still but Fortune varies her Points and even in her greatest Declination upon new hopes of Success rallies together for new attempts all such whom Hatred and Revenge keep ready listed for Action But the After games that were plaid Rome make yet farther to the Justification of Titus For first Aristonicus the Son of a Fidler's Daughter upon the Reputation of being the natural Son of Eumenes fill'd all Asia with Tumults and Rebellion Then again Mithridates after a Total Rout given him by Sylla and Fimbrias and so vast a slaughter as well among his prime Officers as common Souldiers made head again against Lucullus with a puissant Army both by Sea and Land. Besides Hannibal was never reduc'd to so contemptible a State as Caius Marius for the former had something reserv'd to him the amity of a King a Pension and subsistence under him the Enjoyment of his Friends and what was yet more dangerous a trust and Charge in the Navy and over the Horse and Foot of Prusias Whereas the condition of Marius was so Despicable as to be look't upon by Rome with Laughter and Contempt whilst he wander'd about Africa Destitute and Beggarly and yet a little after when in their own Streets their Backs were exposed to the Rods and their Necks to the Axe they Prostrate themselves to the same Marius So that there is nothing either Great or Little at this Moment which will hold so to all Futurity for nothing puts an end to the mutability and vicissitude of things but what does so to their very Being Some therefore tell us that Titus did not this of his own head but that he was joyn'd in Commission with Lucius Scipio and that the whole affair of the Embassy was to effect Hannibal's Death But now that we find no farther mention in History of any thing done by Titus either in point of War or in the Administration of the Government but that he Died in Peace 'T is time to look upon him as he stands in parison with Phelopoemen THE COMPARISON OF TITUS Q. FLAMINIUS AND PHILOPOEMEN FIrst then for Greatness of Good-Turns which Titus conferr'd on Greece neither Philopoemen nor many Braver men than he can make good the Parallel For under him Greece drew upon Greece to her Ruine But in Titus a Stranger to Greece fought for her Defence And at the time when Philopoemen went over into Crete destitute of any means whereby to succour his Besieged Country-men then did Titus by a defeat given to Philip in the heart of Greece set both them and all their Cities free Again if we examine into the Battels fought by each of these Philopoemen whilst he was the Achaeans General slew more Grecians than Titus in aiding the Grecians slew Macedonians As to their Failings Ambition was Titus his Weak-side and Obstinacy Philopoemen's in the former anger was easily kindled in the other 't was as hardly quench'd For Titus reserv'd to Philip the Royal Majesty and dignity of his Kingdom besides he Pardon'd the Aetolians and stood their Friend again But Philopoemen exasperated against his own Country took from them the Contributions which the adjacent Villages paid Titus was ever constant to those he had once befriended the other upon any grudge as prone to Cancel kindnesses for he who had afore-time been a Benefactour to the Lacedaemonians afterwards laid their Walls Level with the Ground wasted their Country and in the end chang'd and destroy'd the whole frame of their Government He seems in truth to have Prodigall'd away his own Life through Passion and Perverseness for he fell upon the Messenians with an eagerness as unsuitable as unseasonable not with that Conduct and Caution that Titus led on his men with But the many Battels he fought the many Trophies he won got Philopoemen a deeper Experience for Titus decided the matter betwixt Philip and him in two Engagements but Philopoemen came off Victorious in more than ten thousand Rencounters to all which Fortune had almost no Pretence so much was owing to his skill Besides Titus got his Renown assisted by the power of a flourishing Rome the other flourish'd under a declined Greece so that this Man's Gallantry was owing to himself alone Rome shar'd in the Glory of the other The one had Brave men under him the other made his Brave by being over them and though all Philopoemen's actions having no other Scene than his own Country no other Enemy than Grecians to Cope with afford no Instances of a Virtue Fortunate in the Subject of it yet they do of one Prevalent in its Success and where all other advantages are Equal Courage is sure to bring Victory over to her side He had indeed to do with two the most Warlike Nations of all Greece the Cretans on the one hand and the Lacedemonians on the other the craftyest of them he master'd by art and subtilty the stoutest he made to stoop to his Valour It may be said withal that Titus having his men arm'd and disciplin'd to his hand reap'd Laurels ready wreath'd for him Whereas Philopoemen was forc'd to Introduce a Discipline and Tacticks of his own and to new-mould and model his Souldiery in those Points so that that which is of greatest Import towards ensuring a Victory they being defective therein before was owing to his Invention whilst the other had it put into his hand to help him on to Conquest Philopoemen therefore effected many Gallant things with his own hand but Titus none Insomuch that one Archedemus an Aetolian one day plaid upon him That whereas Philopoemen ran with his drawn Sword where he saw the Macedonians keep closest lock'd and press'd him hardest Titus stood still fell a Praying and with hands stretch'd out to Heaven call'd to the Gods for aid 'T is true Titus acquitted himself excellently well both as a Governour and as an
and that in the mean time he did not refuse to give the Antiates satisfaction as to all Particulars of his Conduct if they were desirous of it An Assembly then being call'd there arose certain Orators appointed for that Design who by their popular Harangues did exasperate and incense the Multitude but when Marcius stood up to answer those Objections and Impeachments they had brought against him the more unruly and tumultuous part of the People waxed calm and quiet on the sudden and out of Reverence to his Person gave him liberty to speak without the least disturbance beside that all the better sort of Antium and such as were most delighted with a Peace made it evident by their whole Composure that they would give him a favourable Hearing and then judge and pronounce according to Equity Tullus therefore began to dread his Apology and suspect the issue of that Defence he was going to make for himself for he was an excellent Spokes-man and one of singular Eloquence and the former Services he had done the Volscians did procure and still preserve for him a much greater Kindness than could possibly be out-weigh'd by that new Displeasure and the Blame of his late Conduct yea the very Crime and Accusation it self was a proof and testimony of the greatness of his Merits for that People could never have complain'd or thought that he had been injurious to them because Rome was not then brought into their Power without a plain Confession that by his means only they were so near taking it For these Reasons the Confederates judg'd it prudent not to make any further Delays or Attempts upon the Vulgar and so the boldest of their Faction crying out that they ought not to listen to a Traytor nor allow him still to bear Rule and play the Tyrant among them fell upon Marcius in a Body and slew him there none of those that were present so much as offering to defend him But it quickly appear'd that this base and unworthy Action was in no wise approv'd by the Majority of the Volscians for they came running out of their several Cities to shew Respect unto his Corps which they did by an honourable Interment of it adorning his Sepulchre with Arms and Trophies as the Monument of a noble Hero and a famous General When the Romans heard tidings of his death they gave no other signification either of Honour or of Anger towards him but only granted this Request of the Women that they might put themselves into Mourning and bewail him for ten Months as their Custom was upon the loss of a Father or a Son or a Brother that being a period set for the longest Lamentation in such Cases by the ancient Laws of Numa Pompilius as it is more amply related in what I have written of his Life and Actions Now Marcius was no sooner deceased but the Volscians came to need his Assistance and wish for him again for they fell to swabble first with the Sicani their Confederates and their Friends about the nomination of a â—â—neral that should be Commander in Chief of their joynt Forces which Dispute for Preheminence was carried on with so much fierceness that it came at length to Bloodshed and Slaughter on both sides After this they were defeated by the Romans in a pitch'd Battle where not only Tullus lost his Life but the principal Flower of their whole Army was cut in pieces so that they were forc'd to submit and accept of Peace upon very dishonourable terms promising to observe the Roman Orders and obey their Enemy in whatever he should impose See where Emilius does a couqueror stand While at his feet y e once great Perseus lyes A generous valour may y e world command And Kings may fall thus low by Avarice THE LIFE OF PAULUS EMILIUS English'd from the Greek By Mr. Joseph Arrowsmith late Fellow of Trin. Coll. Camb. Volume II. I First undertook this History that I might be serviceable unto others but go on and persevere in my Design that I may advantage my self whilst the Vertues of these great Men are as a Looking-glass by which I learn how I ought to order and adorn my own Life For by this means I enjoy the greatest Familiarity and am no less conversant with them all by Turns than if the same Table and Bed were common to us both When I read their Story each particular Vertue and Excellence makes a deep Impression in my Mind and hence I gather how great and valuable the Owner of these Accomplishments must needs have been and with Care collect the most beautiful and remarkable Passages of their Lives as Patterns for Imitation A greater Pleasure than which the Gods can scarce grant us or a more ready way to teach us Vertue Democritus laid it down as a Principle in his Philosophy though utterly false and tending to endless Superstitions That there were Phantasms appearing in the Air and tells us that we ought to pray that such may present themselves as are propitious and that we may see those that are agreeable to our Natures and would instruct us in that which is good rather than such as are unfortunate and would lead us into Vice. But my Method is by daily conversing with History and a diligent Collection of what I read to fix in my Mind things worthy Memory of the best and most vertuous of Men. For thus am I enabled to free my self from that Contagion of Idleness Vice which I may have contracted from the ill company I am sometimes forc'd to converse with it being a powerful Remedy with a sedate and quiet Mind seriously to consider such noble Examples Of this kind are those of Timoleon the Corinthian and Paulus Emilius to write whose Lives is my present Business Men not only equally famous for their Virtues but Success insomuch that they have left it doubtful whether they owe their greatest Atchievments to good Fortune or their own Prudence and Conduct Almost all Historians agree That the Family of the Emilii was one of the most ancient of the Roman Nobility and those Authors who affirm that King Numa was Pupil to Pythagoras tell us that the first who gave the Name to his Posterity was Marcus the Son of that wise Man who for his particular Eloquence and grace in Speech was call'd Emilius The greatest part of this Race that have been celebrated for their Virtue which they with Zeal pursued have been crown'd with Success and even the Misfortune of Lucius Emilius at the Battel of Canna gave ample Testimony of his Wisdome and Valour For not being able to perswade his Colleague from hazarding the Battel he though against his Judgement engaged with him but was no Companion in his flight on the contrary when he that was so resolute to engage deserted him in the midst of danger 〈◊〉 kept the Field and died fighting This Emilius had a Daughter nam'd Emilia that 〈◊〉 married to Scipio the Great and