and men the first Head and Governour of mankinde of whom depended the management of this vast VVorld Fab. Pict Juvenal calls him thou old God Father Janus and so old a God his Children the Romans thought him to be that some of them conceived he was the Chaos Ovid. in Fast. Me Chaos antiqui nam sum res prisca vocabant The Ancients call'd me Chaos I 'm so old Verse 412. Th' Aruspex will grow crooked sure VVith stooping to look into the entrails of sacrifices made by great Ladies for Fidlers and Players Verse 425. Niphates A great River of Armenia the less tumbling down from the Mountain Niphates that divides the lesser Armenia from Assyria and gives the name to the River Strab. lib. 11. which name of Niphates comes a nivibus from snow Stephan and therefore upon a violent sudden Thaw the gossiping great Lady that holds conference with Generals palludated in their imbroidered riding-Coats as being ready to march into the field might very well report that Niphates had drowned all the Countries about it Verse 438. Two Leaden Balls They that sweat before they bathed swung two Leaden Balls in each hand one and then were nointed Senec. Epist. 57. Verse 462. The labouring Moon When the Moon was in eclipse the simple superstition of the Romans made them believe that she was bewitched with charmes and incantations for which there was no Counter-spell but only a sound of brass from Trumpets Basons Kettles and the like Tibull Eleg. 8. Cantus è cursu Lunam deducere tentat Et faceret si non aera repulsa sonent Songs would and sure might make the Moon retreat Were not for Counter-charms Brass-kettles beat Verse 465. Sylvanus God of the Woods Son to his Grandfather and Sister in this manner Venus being offended with Valeria Tusculanaria made her fall in love with her own Father She opened the wicked secret to her Nurse and the old Bawd trepand her Master into his Daughters Bed telling him there was a Neighbour's Daughter a very pretty young Maid that had a months mind to him but durst not speak for her self no nor look upon so reverend a person After enjoyment when the old man was tippled he took a light in his hand which the Nurse seeing prevented his fury and casting her self out of the Window broke her neck a President shortly after followed by the old man but Valeria trusting to her nimble feet over-ran her Father Valerius got into the VVoods and was delivered of Sylvanus called by the Grecians Aegypanes from his figure being a man with Goats feet This Phantasm was by the Greeks and Romans believed to be God of the VVoods and Cattel also that he had the power to transform Cyparissus the Boy whom he doted upon into a Cypress tree To this God men offered up a Hog but women never sacrificed to Sylvanus nor did any of their sex pay a farthing to the Bath-keeper as the Stoick did that imagined himself a King for which Horace laughs at him neither was it the fashion for women to wear short Coats all which my Author thinks fit they should take upon them as well as the understanding of great Authors which is proper only to men Verse 468. Enthymem An imperfect Sylogisme wanting one proposition Verse 471. Palaemon Remmius Palaemon born at Vincentia by Plin. and Ptol. called Vicentia He lived at Rome in the reigns of Tiberius and Claudius Caesar he was an excellent Grammarian and Tutor to M. Fabius Quintilian but such a pride his Art put into him that he said Learning was born and would die with him and used to call M. Varro a litterate Hog whom Quintilian not learning to make a Judgement from his Tutor called the most learned of the Romans and sayes he writ many learned books was a Master of the Latin tongue and skilfull in all Antiquity both of the Romans and Greeks One of Palaemon's brags was That Virgil in his Bucolicks prophecied of him as the only competent Judge of all Oratours and Poets He repoted that when Thieves had taken him after he had named himself they let him go but Poverty proved not so kinde for she never let goe her hold when she had catched him after his expensive vanity of bathing many times a day to which his fortunes were not answerable Suet. Verse 482. Poppaea Nero's Empress she invented a rare Pomatum and was so elegant so carefull to preserve her beauty that when she was banished Rome she carried fifty she-Asses along with her for their milk to wash her self in She died by a sudden rage of her Husband kicking her when she was with child Tacit. Verse 205. The Sicilian Court In the reigns of the cruellest Tyrants of Sicily Phalaris and the Dionisii Verse 509. Isis. Her first name was Io she was Daughter to the River Inachus and one of Jove's Mistresses For fear of Juno Jupiter metamorphosed her into a white Cow but Juno's jealousie found her out in that shape and begged the Cow of her Husband which he had not the courage to deny her Then she made Argos with his 100 eyes her Cow-keeper whereat Jupiter was so enraged that he slew him by the hand of Mercury Juno to revenge her self upon his Love made her mad and so grievously tormented her that Jove was forced to reconcile himself to his Wife and then won her to consent that Io might be restored to her former shape Afterwards she married Osiris and changed her name to Isis and after her death the Aegyptians in memory of benefits received from her by whom they were taught the use of Letters deified her and called her Priests Isaici See Plutarc in his Morals Neer to the Palace of Romulus by Juvenal here called the old Sheep-coat stood her Roman Temple which was the meeting place for Wenches Pimps and Bawds as appears in this and the ninth Satyr where it is pictured in the Designe Ovid. Multas Io facit quod fuit illa Jovi Io makes many what she was to Jove Verse 510. Psecas The Woman or Dresser to a tyrannicall Lady Verse 517. The Matron of the Wheel That being very old was in favour of her eye-sight spared from needle-work set to spinning and made one of her Lady's Councel Verse 525. Andromache VVife to Hector Daughter to Eetion King of Thebes in Cilicia Hom. lib. 12. Iliad and Mother to Astyanax In her widowhood Pyrrhus carried her into Greece and had by her a Son called Molossus afterwards falling in love with Hermione that was betroathed to Orestes he gave her in Dower part of his Kingdome and married her to the Prophet Helenus Son to Priam Volater Her name imports a Virago or a masculine woman and a tall one she was you may take Juvenal's word Verse 535. Bellona The Goddesse Pallas or Minerva formerly described whose fanatick Priests sacrificed to her their own blood and were therefore highly reverenced by the superstitious Roman Dames Verse 535. Cybele Vid. Sat. 2. where the Goddesse
the Tongue And yet that Lord's condition is far worse That fears the men which eat upon his Purse Naev. Good Counsel to scorn Servants tongues I 've learn'd But Gen'ralls wherein all men are concern'd What to my self in my peculiar Trade Now time and hope are lost wilt thou perswade For this fair Flow'r goes swiftly to decay Poor wretched Life's short portion hasts away Whil'st we drink noynt wench and put Garlands on Old-age steals on us never thought upon Poet. Fear not thou 'lt ner'e want Pathick friends so long As these Hills stand and flourish all will throng To Rome by Boat and Coach to make this Match That their Heads neatly with one finger scratch Another hope may rise and that more great Only doe thou provoking Rocket eat Naev. You speak to happy men my fates would joy If all my trading might my teeth imploy O my poor Lars I offer to your powers A little incense bran and wreaths of Flowers When shall the fortune I attain be such Will keep me from the Hovell and the Crutch For Int'rest-money when shall I receive Thousands for which the Rogues good pawns shall leave Have Silver-Vessels pure illegall Plate Such as FABRICIUS censur'd for the weight And two young Hackney-Maesians at command Safe in the clam'rous Circus me to land A croked Graver and another Knave Paints Faces in a trice these would be brave But I poor wretch must of such hopes despair For when to fortune I doe make my prayer Her ears against me with that wax she arms Which sav'd ULYSSES from the Syrens charms The Comment UPON THE NINTH SATYR VErse 2. Marsyas A rare Piper born at Celaenae once the chief City of Phrygia Lucan Lugent damnatae Phoebo victore Celaenae Condemn'd Celaenae for Sol's Conquest mourns as if the very Town put on the looks of their fellow Citizen Marsyas that having sawcily presumed to challenge Phoebus at the Pipe invented by Minerva was vanquished and condemed to be flead alive Ovid. lib. 6. Fast. No marvel if he looked scurvily after such a Sentence passed upon him by victorious Apollo Verse 5. Rhodope Rhodope was a famous Curtezan of Thrace fellow-Bondslave to Aesop the Fable-maker She was redeemed for a great summe of money by Charaxus Brother to Sapho the Poetess that fell in love with Rhodope and after he had spent all the rest of his fortunes upon her turned Pyrate but she raising her self upon the ruins of him and other such fools came to be so infinite rich that she built a Pyramid Plin. lib. 30 cap. 12. Juvenal uses her name for a Roman Curtezan Verse 7. Crepereius Pollio A broken Citizen of Rome and one that all the Town knew to be a Bankrupt Verse 16. Thy hair 's a dry wood Debauched Naevolus wanted money to buy unguents for his hair so to put his head into the mode for the Romans poudered not as we doe but annointed their heads yet take notice that he lived before the siege of Naples for his hair stuck on Verse 26. Isis That her Temple in Rome stood neer to the old Palace of Romulus by my Author called the old Sheepcoat you see in Sat. 6. a vertuous place it was the Mart for Bawds and Whores to drive their bargains See the figure of the Temple of Isis in the Designe before this Satyr and the history of that Goddess in the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 26. Peace The Temple of Peace wherein Vespasian Caesar had set up the Statue of Ganymed Verse 28. The Mother of the Gods Cybele that after she was brought out of Phrygia to Rome and there for some time had been a private Guest to Scipio Nasica the Republick built a Chappel to entertain her which was now converted to such pious uses as the Temple of Isis and of Ceres formerly a Goddess dreadfull to sinners See the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 31. Aufidius A notorious lusty Grecian gracious with most of the rich and wanton Romans Mart. Acrior hoc Chius non erat Aufidius Chian Aufidius was no sharper Knave Verse 41. Virro One of the Sect that worshiped the Good Goddess the contrary way See the Comment upon Sat. 2. Verse 62. Female Calends Upon the Calends or first day of March being according to the Roman account the birth-day of Venus they celebrated the Matronalia or female feasts during which time the Beauties of Rome dressed up in all their splendour sate in Chaires that stood upon Carpets and received rich presents from their Husbands or Servants This Ceremony was imitated by Pathick Virro and his poor Idolator Naevolus must be at the charge of modish Offerings Umbrella's Fannes Amber-bolls and the like Verse 68. Trifoline The Trifoline Vineyards and those upon the Gauran Hills and the Misene Promontory were all in Campania and all their Vintages excellent Wine Mart. Non sum de primo fallor Trifolina Lyaeo Inter Vina tamen septima vitis ego I Trifoline am cozen'd the best wine I have not but I bring forth the sev'nth Vine Certant Massica aeque ex monte Gaurano Puteolos Baiasque prospectantia The Massick Vine is full as good that comes from the Gauran Hills overlooking Puteoli and Baiae Plin. lib. 14. cap. 9. Verse 79. Thy Comrade Cybel's Priest that playes upon the Cimbals till Sack silence him and them as in the Designe before Sat. 8. but then he played to the unthrift Damasippus of whom there was nothing to be got but Sack Now he playes to wealthy Virro in hope to cozen him out of his estate as his Predecessors the Corybantes cozened Saturn that he should not hear the cry of his own Child much less shall Virro hear the bawling of his man Naevolus but bequeath all to his boon Companion the Archigallus or Priest of Cybel See the Comment upon Sat. 2. 8. Verse 79. Polypheme Polyphemus the Cyclops Son to Neptune by Thoosa Daughter to Phorcys He was a huge man-monster and had but one eye in the midst of his forehead but his Mother had not so much for she and her two Sisters had but one eye amongst them all He fell in love with the Nymph Galatea and from a steep rock broke the neck of his Favourite Acis because he was jealous that his Mistress loved the Youth better then himself When Vlysses by a storm was cast upon the coast of Sicily he eat up six of his Mates and would have devoured the rest if their Captain had not been too subtill for him but Vlysses foxed him with black wine and when he was in a dead sleep got a fire-stick and burned out his one eye Homer 10. Odyss Virg. Aeneid 3. Many say Polyphemus had but one eye some that he had two others three but 't is all fabulous For he was a prudent man and therefore said to have an eye in his head neer his brains But Vlysses was wiser then he by whom he was said to be blinded that is over-reached Serv. Verse 104. Our Records The
Frozen Sea which was then believed to be innavigable but the Hollanders have lately sailed so far in the North-east passage that they have discovered Nova Zembla within the Artick Circle but twelve degrees from the Pole Verse 3. Curian Temperance The Curian Family was enobled by the Temperance and Valour of Marcus Curius that triumphed over the Sabines Samnites and Leucanians and beat King Pyrrhus out of Italy but his greatest triumph was over himself and his affections as appears by his answer to the Samnite Ambassadors that finding his Table covered by the fire-side furnished only with earthen dishes and Curius himself roasting of roots for his supper beseeched him to better his poor condition by accepting a great sum of money from their hands to which he answered that he had rather still eat in earth and command the Samnites that were served in gold Being accused for plundering he produced a wooden vessell which upon proof appeared to be all he had of the spoil Liv. Verse 4. Bacchanals The Celebraters of the Bacchanalia or Dionysia the libidinous Feasts of Bacchus where virtue was death for they that refused to sacrifice to Lust were sacrificed by the fury of the Bacchanals Of the abominable Ceremonies used at these Feasts see Liv. St. Augustine They were at last as a Seminary of wickedness interdicted by the Senate Verse 5. Chrysippus The Philosopher Chrysippus the most ingenious Scholar to Zeno the first Stoick and to his Successor Cleanthes from both which Masters he only desired to know Doctrines and bid them leave the Proofs to him indeed he was so incomparable a Logician that it grew to a Proverb If the Gods would study Logick they would read Chrysippus He was Son to Apollonides by some called Apollonius of Tarsis but he was born at Soli a City of Cilicia Having spent what his father left him in following a Kings Court he was compelled to study Philosophy as being capable of no other course that might buoy up his fortunes but after he was an eminent Philosopher he never dedicated any of his books as others did theirs to Kings and therefore was thought to be a great despiser of Honours Laertius But it is more probable that he following his studies to inrich himself would neglect no good Medium to a fortune and I rather believe that he having smarted so much by attendance at Court would never apply himself to Princes any more He died of a violent laughter with seeing an Asse eat figs as some say but of a Vertigo according to Hermippus in the 143 Olympiad having lived seventy three years Verse 7. Aristotle Was born at Stagyra a City of Thrace seated upon the river Strymon his Father was Nicomachus the Physician the Son of Macaon famed by Homer for his skill in Physick which it seems came to him extraduce for Micaon was the Son of Aesculapius Phaestias Mother to Aristotle was descended likewise from Aesculapius as some affirm but others say she was Daughter to one of the Planters sent from Chalcis to Stagyra He was a slender man crump-shouldered and stuttered naturally very much but for his incomparable erudition Philip of Macedon sought to him to be his Son Alexander's Tutor and Alexander made him his Secretary He was 18 years old when he came to Athens and there for 20 years he heard Plato The City of Stagyra from its ruines was for his sake reedified by his Pupill Alexander the great When Alexander marched into Asia Aristotle returned to Athens and read Philosophy in the Lyceum thirteen years from whence his Scholars were properly called Peripateticks of the Lyceum to distinguish them from the Peripateticks of the Academy the Platonists yet afterwards they were known by the name of Peripateticks only whereof he himself is deservedly styled the Prince After all the benefits received from him by Athens the return made was an impeachment drawn up against him that he was no true worshiper of the Gods But this as you shall presently see had formerly been the case of Socrates by the sad example of whose death Aristotle learned to decline the envy and fury of that unthankfull City from whence he went to Chalcis in Eubaea and there died in the sixtie third year of his age and the 114 Olympiad when Philocles was Archon the very same year Demosthenes also died in Calauria both being forced to fly their Countries Aristotle was the first that made a Library Strabo lib. 3. which together with his School he left to Theophrastus that taught the Kings of Aegypt how to order their Library by disposing of their Books into severall Classes Verse 8. Pittacus Pittacus one of the seven Sages of Greece assisted by the Bretheren of Alcaeus the Poet slew Melancrus Tyrant of Lesbos in the chief City whereof viz. Mytelene Pittacus was born A war breaking out between the Athenians and Mytelenians about the Achilleian fields he was chosen General for his Country and finding his Army too weak to dispute that Title in the field he challenged Phryno Generall of the Athenians to a single combat and met him like a Fisher-man his visible armes being a Trident Dagger and Shield but under it was a Net which in the Duel he cast over the head of Phryno and so conquered him by stratagem that had been Victor by his Giantly strength in the Olympick Games Strabo Laert. This Duel Lyps saith was the original of those kind of prizes played by the Roman Gladiators called the Retiarius and Secutor or Mirmillo described in this Satyr to the shame of so noble a person as one of the Gracchi was that for a poor salary was hired by the Praetor to venture his life as a Retiarius or Net-bearer against the Secutor's Fauchion You may see their figures as they acted in the Circus in the Designe before this Satyr So long as his Country needed him to manage the warres so long Pittacus held the Sovereign power as an absolute Prince But when the warre was ended he like an absolute Philosopher put an end to his own authority and after a voluntary resignation of his power continued for ten years he lived ten years more a private person Laert. Val Max. being about fourscore he dyed in the third year of the 52 Olympiad Aristomenes being Archon Verse 9. Cleanthes Cleanthes the Stoick was Scholar to Crates and Successor to Zeno Founder of the Stoicks his Father was Phanius of Assus by his first profession he was a VVrastler but it brought him in no great revenue for all he had was but four Drachma's when he came to hear Crates and to get a lively-hood under him and Zeno he was forced to work by night to keep himself from hunger and scorn in the day time The Court of Areopagus citing him to clear the suspicion of Fellony and give an account how he lived he produced a Woman for whom he ground meal and a Gardiner that payed him for drawing of water and shewed Zeno's Dictates writ in shells and
patern of modesty Cornelia Daughter to Scipio Africanus that conquered Hannibal were young men of incomparable wit and elocution but too much addicted to popularity This made them relinquish the Lords and court the People with whom to ingratiate themselves they passed the Lex Agraria for division of the publick lands between the Lords and Commons which Law though grounded upon a fundamentall Right was the firebrand to a sedition quenched in the blood of these two Brothers Tiberius being slain as he was making a Speech to the people by the hand of Publius Nassica the Pontifex Maximus and Caius when he had fortified the Capitoline Mount by the command of the Consul Opimius Plutarch in Caio Tiberio Verse 35. Milo T. Annius Milo from the Papian Family adopted by T. Annius his maternal Grand-father slew Clodius Tribune of the People that had many seditions and dangerous designes against the Republick for which reason Cicero intended to make the people favourable to the Murtherer and spake in his behalf but not that Oration which is at this day to be seen among his works and that afterwards coming to the hand of Milo then banished to Masilia where he lived in extreme want Oh sayes Milo if Cicero had spoke this I had not gathered worms in Masilia Nonn in Romanorum Historiam Verse 36. Verres Caius Verres was first Questor to Cneius Carbo then Legate and Proquestor to Cneius Dolabella both which he betrayed When Lucullus and Cotta were Consuls he was made Praetor Urbanus or Lord chief Justice of Rome and after the discharge of that office Praetor of Sicily where he exercised his authority with so much lust avarice and cruelty that the Sicilians sued him upon the Law De pecuniis repetundis to make him refund and in their favour Cicero managed the accusation against him with so much vigor and art that when Verres saw how his Patron Hortensius was over matched he withdrew into voluntary exile where after he had rested free from any further molestation for twenty six years he was by the Triumviri proscribed and slain Plin. lib. 34. The cause of his proscription was for denying to Mark Antony certain antique pieces of Corynthian plate which that Triumvir much desired Seneca saies he died like a stout man but it seeems he had lived like a thief one that robbed not one man not one City but all Sicily See Cicero in Verrinis Asconius Pedianus and Lactautius lib. 2. Verse 36. Clodius Clodius Cicero's capitall enemy made himself be adopted by a Plebeian only that he might be one of the body of the people to vote Cicero out of Rome Cicero ad Atticum lib. 1. He was an Adulterer most impudent and sacrilegious for he came to the solemnity of the Good Goddess where it was unlawfull for any man to be present in the habit of a singing-Woman Sat. 6. to meet Julius Caesar's wife Plutarch which occasioned the Julian Law that made adultery death He married his own Neece enjoyed three Sisters and corrupted Metella Daughter to the religious Pontifex Maximus that lost his eyes with zealous care to preserve the Temple of Pallas when it was on fire Sat. 3. Or he that sav'd our Pallas from the flame Verse 37. Catiline A Roman for his conspiracy against his Country made famous by the pen of Cicero Catiline's fellow Conspirators were Lentulus Cethegus Statilius Gabinius Ceparius you may read their whole Plot at large in Salust and Cicero's Orat. against Catiline Verse 38. Sylla 's three Scholars Caesar Anthony and Lepidus imitating in the beginning of their Triumvirate the bloody Roll of their Tutor in the Art of Government Sylla See Sylla in the Comment upon the first Satyr Verse 39. One lately married his own Neece This might be Claudius Caesar that after he had put to death his Empress Messalina married Agrippina his own brothers Daughter Mother to Nero the Senate dispensing with the incestuous Marriage and she lest she might bring a Coheir to her Son Nero took potions and receipts to make her part with her conceptions which deformed Embrions or Abortives could not choose but be very like her Uncle their Father for he was as the Mother of Antonius used to call him a monster of men a thing begun by nature but not finished And after the violation of the Law in this marriage with his Neece he revived the Julian Law which made adultery death not only a terrible Law to Men but that would have reached Mars and Venus too if Vulcans Counsell might have pleaded it Others to whose opinion I subscribe understand this One to be Domitian Caesar that was like wise very ugly and married his own Neece Julia here named Daughter to the delight of mankinde his noble Brother Titus forcing her to take so many drugs to prevent the danger of child-bearing that by seeking to preserve he destroyed her Verse 45. Scauran Counterfeits Aemilius Scaurus born of noble but poor parents raised himself by his elocution to the dignity of Consul He having once been so poor that he was forced to trade in Charcoal for a lively-hood In his Consulship he triumphed for his victory over the Ligurians and Cantisci when he was Censor he made the Aemilian Way and built the Aemilian Bridge He commanded his Son Scaurus for giving ground to an enemy never to come into his sight again the sense of which ignominy made so deep an impression in the bashfull youth that he slew himself Plin. But as the best interpretation of Scauran Counterfeits Salust in his Jugurthines gives this character of Aemilius Scaurus He was a person noble active factious and bold but he had the art of concealing his vices After the expiration of his Consulship when he was Consular and Prince of the Senate the House sent him Ambassador to King Jugurth to diswade him from assaulting Cirra and besieging Adherbal Verse 48. Laronia A wanton but a witty Lady that tells the sowre Philosophy-monger that Cato Major Censor by his office and his Nephew whose constancy was admired by the Romans being now in their ashes it seems a third Cato was come from heaven meaning this censorious Stoick but whilest she thus looks upon him as upon a kinde of God she takes notice that he is in something lesse then a Man for she findes that he weares a perfume and desires to know his Drugster that she might buy at the same Shop such essences being as proper for her sex as contrary to his severe profession Verse 54. The Law Scantinian Caius Scantinius being accused by Caius Marcellus for offering to force his Son a Law passed in Senate that set a Fine of 10000 H.S. upon the like attempt and the foul Offender was either to pay the whole summe or his life Verse 66. Arachne Idmon's Daughter a Lydian Maid that had the vanity to challenge the Goddess Pallas to weave with her and being disgraced by the Goddess despaired and had hanged her self but that Pallas as a monument of
her own mercy and the Maids presumption saved her life and turned her into a Spider that is still weaving to no purpose Ovid Met. lib. 6. Pliny sayes Arachne was the Inventress of Lines and Nets and that her Son Closter found out the VVheels and Spindles for wool Verse 67. Penelope Wife to Vlysses that in the twenty years absence of her Husband could never be wrought upon either by her Parents perswasions or the Courtship of her Suitors to violate her faith in giving way to a second marriage but when the libidinous pretenders were so pressing that she feared violence she won them to a grant of so much time for her to think upon it as till the work which she had in hand and was then in the Loom should be wrought off and she carried her designe so politickly that all which they saw her weave in the day time she unwove in the night Thus she staved off their fury till her Husband returned who coming home in a Beggers habit desired of his wife a nights lodging and in that time made an end of all his Rivals Homer in Odyss Verse 80. Procula Procula Pollinea Carfinia and Fabulla were famous Roman Curtesans in Juvenal's time Verse 87. Victorious Fathers The ancient Romans whose richest apparell was their wounds their strongest fortifications the mountains and their healthfullest exercise the plough that maintained their Families with what indignation would they have looked upon the effeminate impudence of these Sarcenet Judges Verse 93. Legislative Cretan The silken Judges that would be thought as strict and just as Minos the Cretan Legislator Verse 101. Hedge-Priest The word is now so proper for a Mock-Priest that I rather choose it then my Author's expression Qui longa domi redimicula sumunt a House-Priest one of those that weare fillets and jewels about their necks which he calls House-Priests to distinguish them from Priests belonging to the Temples appointed to sacrifice by publick Authority to which he adds the wearing of fillets and jewels to distinguish them from men their effeminacy disowning of their sex These Separatists he parallels with the Dippers or Baptists of Athens that worshiped their Goddess Cotytus or Cotittus with the like abhominable Ceremonies being diametrically opposite to those used by the Romans at the Feast of the Good Goddess for there the Vestal Nuns were Superintendents Cic. de Arusp. respons no man admitted to the Sacrifice not so much as a male picture Sat. 6. though it seems Clodius brought in a masculine substance nay the very Myrtle was excluded because it was consecrated to Venus but here they had nothing appertaining to the Good Goddess but that which made her thought to be Ceres the paunches of fat Sowes and bolls or vessels of wine which they called by the name of Amphora's of hony Alex. Gen. Dier lib. 6. c. 8. but they admitted no women they themselves acting womens parts Verse 116. Masters Juno It was the Roman mode for the man to protest by his Genius and the woman by her Juno Verse 117. Otho Otho Sylvius descended from the Hetrurian or Tuscan Kings came to be Emperor by treason murdering his poor old Sovereign Galba Tacitus lib. 1. cap. 7. sayes that Otho's Souldiers as if they had marched against the Parthians Vologeses or Pacho to unthrone them that had rooted out the Arsacean Line and not to murder their own Emperor unarmed and aged scattering the people trampling upon the Senate put spurs to their horses and charged into the place of Assembly neither did the sight of the Capital nor reverence of the Temples there nor the memory of past Princes or fear of those to come terrifie them from committing that inhumane act which the immediate Successor is obliged to revenge Galba was slain by Camurius a Souldier of the fifteenth Legion Tacit. Plut. But Otho that when he was conquered by Vitelius painted his face before his great Looking-glass like an ordinary woman for it seems the two Queens Semiramis and Cleopatra did not so in their last battels yet in his death and only in his death shewed himself a man Plut. Tacit. Verse 118. Auruncane Actors spoil It relates to Virgils verse lib. 12. Actoris Aurunci spolium Auruncane Actors spoil being a massy spear won in fight from that great Souldier by Turnus not greater for a spear then Otho's Trophy for a Looking-glass Verse 127. Bedriack field The ground where Otho was defeated by Vitelius in all other but the Louvre-copy written Bebriack Verse 129. Semiramis Queen of Assyria the Widow of King Ninus that perceiving the Assyrians would not indure to be governed by a VVoman concealed his death and took upon her self his person till such time as her Son Ninus should grow up and be able to manage the Affairs of State She walled the City of Babylon Sat. 10. Brick-wal'd Babylon Subduing her neighbour Princes she very much extended the limits of her Empire Valer. lib. 9. cap. 3. Once when she was dressing her self newes came that the Babylonians had revolted and one side of her hair being uncomb'd out she put on her Quiver and in that posture led up her Army against the Town nor would she suffer the other side of her hair to be put in order till the City was rendered But the end of her life answered not so glorious a beginning for she fell in love with her Son Ninus that having no other way to be rid of her nefarious importunity slew her with his own hand Verse 131. Cleopatra Queen of Aegypt Daughter of Ptolomy Auletus Sister and Wife to Ptolomy the last She was first Mistress to Julius Caesar and had by him her Son Caesario Afterwards Mark Antony lived with her as her Husband divorcing himself from his own Lady the Sister of Augustus which he so resented that he declared a war against Antony and defeated him at sea in the battel of Actium where he fought and fled in obedience to Cleopatra at last died upon his own sword Plut. This example Cleopatra followed that disdaining to be made a scorn to Rome and to follow the triumphant Chariot of Augustus procured a Country fellow to bring her in a basket of figs a venomous Asp which she angering it sucked her arme and so the poyson struck her to the heart Plut. in the life of Marc. Antony Verse 134. Foul Phrygian talk A lacivious Lecture read at meal-times by the Archigallus Peribonius to his Scholars that exactly followed him in Trencher-doctrines and point of gusto but could not be brought to imitate him in the use of his Phrygian Razor viz. the Fish-shell wherewith he gelt himself Verse 142. Gracchus for thy Dower This Gracchus a prodigie of that noble house of the Gracchi that being descended from Gracchus Sempronius the Proconsul of Spain to whom the Celtiberians rendred themselves and from Scipio that defeated Hannibal to the dishonour of his Family and Nation basely married himself as a Bride to a Trumpeter out of a meer wanton
mischievous when rage once crost Inflames their livers they are headlong tost Like stones from Precipices when th' earth slides And leaves to the rock-head no mountain-sides But I hate her that studies and commits A foul crime being in her perfect wits They look upon ALCESTIS on the Stage And see her for her Lord her life engage Were such a change now offer'd to a Wife She would prefer her little Bitche's life BELIDES ERIPHYLES you may meet And CLITEMNESTRA daily in each street But diff'renc'd thus th' old CLITEMNESTRA held A foolish gouty Axe she scarce could weld Now with a red Toad's Lungs the feat they doe Yet have their fine Steeletto's ready too Lest wary AGAMEMNON should have got The thrice-foil'd Monarch's Pontick Antidot The Comment UPON THE SIXTH SATYR VErse 1. Saturn Son to Coelum and Vesta He married his Sister Ops and cut off his Father's generative parts casting them into the Sea where they begot Venus therefore called Aphrodite His elder brother was Titan that perceiving his Mother and Sisters stood affected to Saturn resigned his birth-right conditioned that Saturn's male-issue should be destroyed that so the Crown might return to Titan's Children In pursuance of these Articles Saturn devoured his Sons Now Ops being delivered of Jupiter and Juno at one birth made the Midwife carry Juno to Saturn but Jupiter she concealed and had him privately nursed in the house sending for the Corybantes to play to her upon their Cymbals that the noise of their bells might drown the crying of the Childe Then she brought forth Neptune and put him to Nurse to her Husband shewing wrapt up in swadling clouts a stone which he devoured In her third Child-bed she had Twins again Pluto and Glauca and as before concealing the Boy shewed only the Girle to Saturn All this being at last discovered to Titan when he saw that his Brother's Sons would come between him and the Crown he mustered his own Sonnes the Titans defied his Brother Saturn fought him had the victory and pursuing his Brother and Sister Saturn and Ops took them both and imprisoned them till such time as Jupiter being grown a man defeated the Titans setting at liberty his Father and Mother Afterwards Saturn hearing from the Oracle that his Son should dispossess him of his Kingdome sought the life of Jupiter whereof he had intelligence and by way of prevention seized the government of Creet into his own hands Saturn fled into Italy where in the Dominions of King Janus for some time he lurked and from his Latitat that part of Italy was called Latium Under the Reign of Saturn the Fabulists place the Golden Age when the earth not forced by the Plough and Harrow afforded of it self all kinds of grain and fruit the whole terrestrial Globe being then a Common not so much as one Acre inclosed The naturall Philosophers reduce this Fable of Saturn and Coelum to the motion of Time and the Heavens the Astrologers apply it to the course of the Planets See Lucian de Astrol. Ovid. Metam The Mythology of it you may have from the Chymists and Nat. Comes lib. 2. 10. Verse 3. Lar. A Spirit or God to which the Romans ascribed the guarding of their houses painting him like a Dog because they wished to have him like a Dog that keeps the house gentle to the houshold fierce only towards strangers The Lar and the Dog are compared by Ovid. Fast. 5. Servat uterque domum domino quoque fidus uterque est Compita grata deo compita grata cani Exagitant Lar turba Diania fures Pervigilantque Lares pervigilantque Canes Both guard the house to th' owner both are right The High-way is the Lar's and Dog's delight The Lar and Dog from Thieves the house will keep The God and Dog wake when the houshold sleep The Temple of this God was the House the smoak his incense and his Altar the Hearth which was therefore accounted sacred as appears by C. M. Coriolanus taking sanctuary in the Chimney of his Enemy Tullus Attius Plutarch in Coriol Verse 5. Mountain-Wife before such time as men durst venture for fear of wilde beasts to carry their Wives down with them from the tops of the Mountains Verse 7. Cynthia Mistress to the Poet Propertius that confesseth his captivity in these words Cynthia sola suis miserum me coepit ocellis Et captum nullis ante cupidinibus Cynthia's eyes set my poor heart on fire Which till that instant never knew desire Verse 7. Nor her Lesbia Mistress to Catullus that writ upon the death of her Sparrow the Elegie begins thus Passer deliciae meae puellae The Sparrow play-Mate to my Love Verse 10. Great Child Before the debaucheries of Parents had lessened the Statures of their Children cum robora Parentum Liberi magni referebant when goodly strong Children shewed the strength of their Parents Verse 12. Th' Oak's rupture Men as they grew more civilized lodged a-nights in hollow trees which made the wilder People believe that trees brought forth men Verse 13. Had no Parents Whose evill manners they might inherit by example Verse 15. Ere Jove had a beard Jupiter or Jove was as aforesaid Son to Saturn and Ops delivered of him and Juno at one birth in the Isle of Creet where he was bred up by the Curetes or Corybantes the Priests of Cybele that concealed him from his devouring Father But after he had released Saturn from imprisonment and found that his Father had a plot upon his life he outed him of his Kingdomes which he divided with his Bretheren by lot Sat. 3. Heaven and earth fell to himself the Sea to Neptune to Pluto Hell Then he married his Sister Juno by whom he had Vulcan There were four Jupiters two Arcadians one Son to Aether and Father to Proserpine and Bacchus the other Son to Coelum and Father to Minerva the Inventress of Warre the third was Son to Saturn born in Creet where his Tomb was to be seen Cic. 3. de Natura Deor. The Naturallists interpret Jove to be the Element of fire and will have Jupiter to signifie adjutor because nothing helps and cherishes nature so much as fire sometimes Jove is taken for the two superior Elements when they act upon the two inferior Elements for generation and corruption The Ethnick Poets by the several adulteries and thefts of Jove under the shadow of a Fable give us the character of a Tyrant The time of his reign they call the Silver Age in reference to the Golden Age under his Father Saturn for as much as Silver participates more of Earth and consequently of rust and corruption then Gold doth Hierocl The purest of the Silver Age was ere Jove had a beard for when Down once grew upon his chin you see what reaks he played with Ladies in Ovid's Metamorphosis iron barres and locks could not hold out against his golden key Horace Inclusiam Danaen turris ahenia Robustaeque fores vigilum
of the Souldier it was revenged from heaven their whole Armie being instantly consumed with lightning Leonic Thom. lib. 3. cap. 38. Neer to this Town breeds the Snake called Tarentula that if he bites any one makes the party bitten die laughing the cure for it is a present sweat which they take in a dance physick proper for the constitutions of such Voluptuaries Verse 322. Chastitie's old Altar The Wantons of Rome in spight and contempt of the Goddesse of Chastity prophaned the ruins of her Image at her antiquated and neglected Altar Verse 329. Now the Good Goddess That which the Romans in Juvenal's time called the Good Goddess was by the Antients named Fauna Fatua and Senta she was one of the 5. Daughters to Faunus a Lady of that strict modesty that after she was married no man but her Husband ever set eye upon her therefore by her example no man was admitted to her Sacrifices See the Comment upon Sat. 2. and Alexand. ab Alexandro lib. 6. cap. 8. Verse 332. Priapaean Maenades The Maenades otherwise called Bacchae Bassarides and Thyades sacrificed to Bacchus every second year upon the Mountain Parnassus in the night time with torches in their hands and their hair about their ears crying Eu Hoe sounds that implyed the wishes of good fortune for which they prayed in their Drink These two sounds being joyned in one word gave to Bacchus the name of Evoeus or Evan. This company of mad women had likewise a tumultuous meeting once in three years upon the Mountain Cithaeron whether they came every one bearing in her hand a Thyrsus being a Spear wrapt about with Ivy and there with strange howling celebrated the Orgies of Bacchus The Ceremonies of the Good Goddess had a great resemblance to these Bacchanalian Rites in dancing to Pipes singing which brought in the Priapaean Singing-woman Clodius and forbidding of men to be present at the Sacrifice See Plutarch in Caesare Verse 340. Priam King of Troy who lived to be so old that nothing could put outward heat into him but such an accident as firing of his City by the Greeks nor could any thing inflame his spirit unless it were such a sight as this See the Comment upon Sat. 10. Verse 340. Hernia A rupture that spoiled the Courtship of Nestor See likewise the Comment upon Sat. 10. Verse 352. Caesar's Anti-Cato's Caesar hearing that Cato Major was dead whose virtues Cicero had commended in his Dialogue titled Cato to disparage his life and manners writ two Books which he called Anti-Cato's and when they were rolled up in the form of a Cylinder as all Books then were you may see it in the figure of the Tragedy pawned by the Poet Lappa in the Designe before Sat. 7. no doubt but they made a pretty bulk yet my Author conceives that something of a larger size was brought in to Caesar's Wife when she danced in the private Feast of the Good Goddesse by Clodius that came into the assembly of Ladies like a Singing-woman and was discovered by Caesar's Mother Aurelia Verse 357. Earthen The earthen vessels used in the first Roman Sacrifices by King Numa the Inventer of their Ceremonies were never so prophaned as their Vessels of Gold have been Verse 364. Tall Syrians shoulders These Syrians were Slaves of a gigantick stature which in Juvenal's time the Roman Ladies kept as they now keep Switzers one to carry their Segetta's or Sedans Verse 365. Ogulnia A Wanton of a miserable poor fortune but one that made a shew as if she were some great Lady Verse 389. With Bacchus or Priapus The naked Statues of Bacchus and Priapus Gods of the Vines and Orchards which very much resembled the goodly Evnuch when he came to his Lady in the Bath Verse 394. To Praetors Part of the Praetors office was to hire Musick and Voices at the setting forth of publick Playes or Games Verse 399. The Lamian house and Appian name She must needs be a great person by extraction and marriage that was descended from Lamus Father to Antiphates King of the Laestrygons by Horace called the ancient Lamu's Ode 17. and married to one of the noble Appian Family which took that surname from the Crown won by L. Appius in Achaia Who would imagine this Lady could have a passion for the poor mercenary Lutenist Pollio much less that as a Sacrificer she would stand veiled repeat the Priests words turn pale for fear of some unlucky signe when the Aruspex looked into the entrails of the sacrificed beast and bring to the Altar an Offering of barley-cakes and wine all this to make the Gods propitious to her Servant that when the Musick-prize was played in the Capitol he might bear away that oaken Wreath given to the best Musician Poet and Player by the Judges which Domitian Caesar had appointed in the Capitoline Games Verse 400. Vesta and Janus There were two Vesta's Ops or Vesta VVife to Coelum and her Daughter the Virgin Vesta in whose honour the vestall Virgins were consecrated by Numa at Rome her Rites anciently having been performed and her sacred fire kept in Alba Sat. 4. Liv. These two Vesta's are taken for one another in the Poets but when they are distinguished by Vesta the Mother is understood the Earth by the Daughter the Fire Janus was the most ancient King of Italy that as I have formerly told you protected Saturn when he fled out of Creet from his Son Jupiter and these two Kings entred into so strict a league of friendship that Saturn imparted to Janus the secret of Agriculture and in requitall Janus admitted Saturn into a partnership of government They built two Towns which bore their names one called Saturnium the other Janiculum They first coined brass money Macrob. lib. 1. stamped on the one side with the beak of a Galley on the other side with the picture of Janus graved with two faces because Janus was held to be so prudent a Prince that looking backward he remembred all things past and looking forward foresaw and provided for the future After his death Janus was reputed a God and King Numa built a Temple to him as aforesaid which stood open when the Romans were in warres and was shut in times of peace This Temple gave him the attributes of Patuleius and Clusius Serv. Three times he was Clusius for his Temple was shut thrice first during the reign of Numa then at the end of the second Punick Warre and lastly after the Battail of Actium Janus and Ogyges are the same It is agreed by the common consent of ancient VVriters that Janus who is likewise Ogyges came into Italy in the Golden times when men were just He taught his Subjects to plant Vineyards to sow their grounds and of their fruits first to make Offerings to the Divine power then to use the remainder with moderation Munster lib. 2. Cos. Janus was a Priest a religious man a learned Philosopher and a Theologue He was I say the Father of Gods
that had breasts hanging down and young ones sucking them some again that were old bald and impotent Verse 233. Cossus One that laid out his money in the Shambles upon the best Fish and Foul which he presented to rich childless persons in hope the venture would bring him in a fortune when their Wills were proved therefore the older they were the better for his purpose Verse 245. Seleucus The best Lutenist in Juvenal's time Verse 255. Oppia A notorious common Slut in my Authors dayes but afterwards so unknown that his Transcribers instead of Oppia put Hippia an Adultress often mentioned in his Satyrs but never charged with multiplicity of Servants as Oppia is Verse 256. Themison A Greek Physitian whose authority is quoted by Galen He was Schollar to Empedocles Plin. lib. 29. cap. 1. but that he was a bad practicer you may take my Author's word Verse 257. Basil A Governour of a Province to be put upon the same thievish File with M. Priscus Verres Tutor Capito Pansa Natta Antonius and Dolabella Verse 258. Hirrus A Guardian that by cheating of poor Orphans came to a great fortune and lived in no little state as you have him described without a name Sat. 1. What rage inflames me when the People 's prest With Crouds attending him that dispossest The Orphane now a Prostitute Verse 259. Maura One of the beastly Prophaners of Chastities old Altar Sat. 6. Verse 260. Hamillus Really such a Tutor as Socrates was falsely reported to be by the Leather-dresser Anytus Melitus the Orator and Lycon the Poet. Verse 272. Fasting A high expression of a Mother's love that feeds her young ones even when she her self is hungry Verse 278. Phiale A Curtezan that was Mistress of her Art Verse 289. King Nestor Son to Neleus and Chloris Hom. Odyss lib. 2. born at Pilos a City standing upon the Laconick Sea Strab. lib. 7. In his Fathers life time he commanded in chief against the Epeans of Peloponnesus afterwards called Elians Plin. lib. 4. cap. 1. At the Wedding of Pirithous he fought on his part against the Centaurs that would have stole away the Bride At the Siege of Troy he was grown very old yet with fifty sayle of Ships he joyned himself to the rest of the Greek Princes when he had lived to the third Age of Man as he himself tells us in Ovid Metamorph. lib. 12. How many years make three Ages is not agreed on by Interpreters Xenophon sayes the Aegyptians and from them the East reckoned an Age to be thirty years then was Nestor but ninty years of age and had only counted thirty years upon a finger when he began to tell upon his right hand But if Juvenal had thought him but ninty which thousands were then and are now he would not have referred us to the faith and authority of Homer neither would he have added that Nestor lived neerest to the Crow or Raven that lives nine ages of man at least if we believe Hesiod quoted by Plin. lib. 7. cap. 48. Therefore I take it for granted that in my Authors account Nestor was 300 years old and having told 280 upon his left hand by twenty years a joynt had begun the other twenty upon his right hand Nor had he lost any part of his long time as appears by his experience and wisdome being so great that Agamemnon said he should quickly take Troy if he had but ten Nestors to his prudence he had such a rare elocution that his words were said to flow sweeter then honey He had seven Sons and one Daughter by Eurydice Daughter to Clyminus Verse 297. Antilochus Eldest Son to Nestor and Eurydice He attended his Father to the Siege of Troy and was there slain by Memnon Son to Tython and Aurora Hom. When the body of this gallant Youth was burned his Father could not but complain that he had lived too long to see it Verse 302. He The Father of Vlysses but who that was whether Laertes or Sysiphus Juvenal had no mind to determine See the Comment upon Sat. 9. Verse 303. Priam Son to Laomedon When Troy was taken and slighted by Hercules he and his Sister Hesione were carried Prisoners into Greece from whence he was ransomed and returning built up Troy made it a much fairer City and extended the limits of his Kingdome so farre that he was in a manner Emperor of all Asia He married Hecuba Daughter to Cisseus King of Thrace and had by her seventeen Sonnes one of which number was Paris that to finde out his Sister Hesione made a voyage into Greece and there stole away Helen Wife to Menelaus which was cause of the League entred into by the Grecian Princes and of their ten years Siege of Troy in which time he saw almost all these Sons and 33 more slain by the Enemy for he had in all 50 Sons Cic. Tuscul. 1. Lastly after Troy was taken he himself was slain by Pyrrhus Sonne to Achilles at the Altar of Hircaean Jupiter where Juvenal sayes that he Fell like an Oxe in his old age despis'd And by th' ingratefull Plough-man sacrific'd Verse 304. Assaracus Son to Tros King of Troy Brother to Ganymed Father to Capys the Father of Anchises Ovid. and great Uncle to Priam as appears in this Pedegree Jupiter the second Dardanus Erichthonius Tros Ganymed Assaracus Ilus Laomedon Priam. Verse 306. With all his Brothers That were 49. Hom. Virg. Cic. All these Sons and base Sons to Priam with their Brother and sovereign Lord Hector in case that Priam had died before the Trojan war would have carried his Corps to the funerall Pile according to the custome of the Antients and reckoned in the number of human felicities an instance whereof we have in Q. Metellus For besides his high honours and surname of Macedonian when his body was carried to be burned the Bearers were his four Sons one being Praetor and the other three Consular persons two of the three having triumphed and the third being then Censor Plin. lib. 7. cap. 44. Verse 307. Cassandra first Cassandra was one of Priam's 12. Daughters a Prophetess and therefore Juvenal sayes her tears would have been shed first for the funerall of her Father which she might have foreseen though no body would have believed her a fortune that attended her predictions For when she foretold the danger of the Trojan Horse and cryed out against the receiving of it within the walls no credit at all was given to her words by her own Country-men and therefore it was no marvel Agamemnon believed her not when she was his Prisoner and bid him take heed of a plot upon him by his Wife but he then looked upon her as a mad-woman Afterwards both he and Cassandra perished in the plot laid and executed by Clytemnestra and Aegisthus See the Comment upon Sat. 1. This slighting of Cassandra's Prophecies made the old Poets tell the story of Apollo that had so high a passion for her he bid her ask whatsoever she
Aricia and built a City to which he gave her name Verse 390. Co-husband C. Silius the loveliest young Lord of Rome married to the noble Lady Junia Syllana but Messalina the insatiable Empress of whom in Sat. 6. chose him for her Servant and made him put away his Wife Silius very well knew the danger of having such a Mistress but if he refused his destruction would be immediate therefore he thought it best to expect the future and enjoy the present With a great train she frequented his house could not endure to have him out of her sight but the infamy thereof was so great that she sought to cover it with the name of Matrimony Her Husband Claudius Caesar being gone to sacrifice at Ostia with all the Rites and Solemnities of Marriage she took Silius for her Co-husband This news made all the Emperor's Court tremble especially those of his Bed-chamber Calistus Pallas and the great Favorite Narcissus that when the other two would have gone to diswade her stopt their journey For Narcissus feared nothing but that she should know he knew it before he had made sure of the Emperor one of whose Mistresses he got to begin the story which he so well seconded that Claudius gave him a Commission to execute Messalina and for that day to be Captain of his Praetorian Life-guard Silius had his triall but refused to plead only desired that he might be speedily dispatched Messalina not suffered to come to Claudius his presence and prevented in her designe of sending her Children Britannicus and Octavia to beg for her was perswaded by her Mother Lepida to kill her self which she offered at yet had not a heart to perform but the Tribune sent by Narcissus did it for her in the Lucilian Garden Tacit. lib. 11. cap. 9.10.11 Tacitus makes this Preface to the History of their strange marriage I am not ignorant it will sound like a fable that any man should be such a Sot especially a Consul elect in a City where nothing can be secret The day appointed an Assembly of Witnesses at sealing of the Deeds of Contract with and provision for Issue by the Prince's Wife that he should hear the words of the Auspex and she in the Accoutrements of a Bride sit down among the Guests kiss and imbrace and lie all night with her other Husband But this is no fictitious relation all the circumstances being delivered by ancient Writers Vide Suet. in Claud. Verse 393. Bright Veil See the punctuality of Messalina that omits no Hymenaeal ceremony She wears the Flammeum or the Bride 's flame-coloured Veil The purple Counterpoint is cast upon her Bed a sum of money tendred for her Portion a publick Notary draws the Deeds of Joynture for the VVife and Settlement for the Children the Town is called in for witnesses And lest they should come together inauspicatò without some happy promise from the Auspex he by the flight of Birds divines of the future felicity of the marriage but the best Sooth-sayer at the VVedding was Vectius Valens that to shew tricks got to the top of a tree and being asked what he saw from thence answered A Storme coming from Ostia Tacit. lib. 11. cap. 10. Verse 427. Hercules Son to Jupiter and Alcmena for his valour and the glory of his actions deified Cic. de Nat. Deor. lib. 3. But he mentions many of that name First he that contended with Apollo for the Tripos The second an Aegyptian who they say invented Phrygian Letters The third one of the Corybantes or Priests of Cybele The fourth Son to Jove by Asteria the Sister of Latona he is worshipped at Tyre and had a Daughter called Carthage The fift in the Indies being likewise known by the name of Belus The sixt a Theban Son to Jupiter as aforesaid by 〈◊〉 wife Alcmena to him they ascribe the Achievments of all the â—est That Hercules was one of the twelve Gods of Aegypt and that the Greeks borrowed this Deity of the Aegyptians and conferred it upon the supposed Son of Amphitryo we have the authority of Herodot Fourty three which bore the name of Hercules are enumerated by Varro that sayes all that excelled in strength had this name as a title of honour from Hercules begot by Jupiter upon Alcmena He had the fame of conquering almost invincible Labours put upon him by Juno that sought to destroy all Jove's Bastards but he still came off victorious which immortalised his name In regard that Juvenal here mentions his Labours I shall give you an account of them The 1. in his Cradle where he crusht the heads of two Serpents sent by Juno to strangle him The 2. when he was a Youth in getting with child the fifty Daughters of Thespius in one night which brought him fifty Boyes The 3. when he came to his full growth was the destruction of the many-headed Monster Hydra in the Lernean Fens as aforesaid The 4. his foot-race upon the Mountain Maenalus in Arcadia with a Hind that had brasen Feet and golden antlers which he caught and killed The 5. in the Nemaean Forrest between Cleonae and Phlius in Greece he slew a huge Lion that was shot-free neither to be hurt by Iron Wood or Stone The 6. he vanquished Diomedes King of Thrace that fed his Horses with mans flesh and made them eat their Master The 7. A dreadfull wild Boar that was lodged in Erymanthus an Arcadian Mountain and destroyed the Country he took and carried him alive to Juno's Officer his Task-master Euristheus The 8. He killed the Stymphalick Birds with his arrows or as some say made them flye cleer away with the sound of a brass rattle The 9. A wild Bull that had almost laid waste all the Isle of Creet he tamed and brought him in a halter to Euristheus that let him loose again in Attica where he did a world of hurt but was slain by Theseus at Marathon Ovid. Met. lib. 7. The 10. He vanquished his rivall Achelous in a combat for their Mistress Deianira though he turned himself first into a Serpent then into a Bull but Hercules cut off one of his horns and got the Cornucopia the horn of plenty which he exchanged with him for the Amalthaean or wishing horn The 11. He slew Busiris King of Aegypt that used to kill all the strangers in his Court The 12. In Lybia he strangled the Giant Antaeus that wrestled with him as in the Comment upon Sat 3. The 13. Calpe and Abyla when they were one Mountain he pulled asunder The 14. He slew the never sleeping Dragon Orchard-Keeper to the Hesperides and carryed away the golden Apples The 15. When Atlas was wearied with his burden he eased him and in his stead supported Heaven The 16. He conquered Geryon King of Spain that had three bodies and carried off his herds of fat Cattel as in the Comment upon Sat. 5. The 17. He beat out the brains of that half-man Cacus the grand Thiefe Son to Vulcan and vomiting
him whereupon he reconciled himself to Achilles who it seems made the first experiment of the weapon-salve upon Telephus healing his wound saith Pliny with the rust of the Spear that made it Ovid. Telephus aeterna consumptus tabe perisset Si non quae nocuit dextra tulisset opem Consum'd for ever Telephus had dy'd Had not the wounding hand the Cure apply'd Others say that Achilles did this cure by virtue of certain herbs taught him by his Singing-master the Centaur Chiron Claud. Sanus Achilleis remeavit Telephus herbis Cujus pertulerat vires sensit in uno Lethalem placidamque manum medicamen ab hoste Contigit pepulit quos fecerat ipse dolores Achilles that gave Telephus his wound Cur'd him with herbes from one hand death he found And life his Enemy his Surgeon prov'd And he that caus'd the pain the pain remov'd Here was plot enough to make a Play like the Thanks in Terence that were to be sent to Thais more than Great Huge Verse 5. Orestes The Tragedy of Orestes Son to Agamemnon and Clytemnestra that having murdered the King her Husband to make way for her second marriage with Aegistus her next resolution was in order to a settlement to take the life of her young Son Orestes But she was prevented in this designe by the vigilant care of her Daughter Princesse Electra by whom her Brother with his Governour was privately sent to his Uncle by the Father Strophius Prince of the Phocians in whose Court Orestes was educated with the Prince's Son Pylades inseparable Friend and Companion to him in all the sad changes of his fortune When for some years he had remained with his Uncle Orestes sickned dyed as the world was made believe the colourable Ceremonies of his Funeral being over Embassadors from the Prince were sent to Aegistus and Clytemnestra to condole that was to congratulate for the death of Orestes who attended by his Cousin Pylades went himself in their train disguised shrinking his shoulders to disguise his height and being admitted to the presence of his Mother and Father in law Orestes slew them both in revenge of his own Fathers murder With the horror of this committed matricide he fell distracted imagining that his Mothers ghost with a guard of Furies haunted him He likewise slew Pyrrhus the Son of Achilles in the Temple of Apollo for ravishing his Betrothed the fair Herimone the Daughter of Hellen by Menelaus and wandered with Pylades into Taurica Chersonesus where the barbarous Custome of the Europaean Sarmatians was to offer up to Diana the blood of Strangers especially Graecians which of all the World they hated The King of the Country Thoas receiving intelligence that one of the Stranger-Princes was Orestes commanded that he as the better man should be sacrifized but no discovery could be made which of the two was he for Pylades took upon him the name of Orestes and Orestes owned himself their friendship being so strict as they refused not to die for one another Cicero de Amicitia These bloody Rites were superintended by the Lady Iphiginia one that before the Trojan War when the Grecian Fleet lay winde-bound for Agamemnon's offence of killing a Stag in Aulis was brought thither to appease the wrath of Diana as a Sacrifice but the goddesse pittying her innocence sent a Hinde to supply her place at the Altar and conveyed away the Princess to be her Priestesse in Taurica where she now coming to the knowledge of her Brother Orestes saved his life by joyning with him to kill Thoas King of Taurica from whence they fled into Italy carrying along the Image of Diana hid in a Faggot and therefore called Fascilides by the Romans and adored by that Title in the Aricine Wood where the figure was left by these Wanderers Lastly Orestes being told that he should finde rest and be dispossessed of the Furies in Arcadia directed his course thither and there died bit by a Viper His body was afterwards digged up by command from the Oracle and found to be be ten foot and a half high Pliny lib. 7. Verse 8. The Grove of Mars Several Groves were consecrated to Mars one in Pontus another at Athens a third in Alba where the Wolf gave suck to the Twins of Mars Romulus and Rhemus This last I conceive my Author means as a subject on which his Country-men the Romans used to exercise their Muses Verse 8. Vulcan's Grotto near to the Aeolian Rocks By Vulcan's Grotto is meant the concave of the burning Mountain Aetna where Vulcan the god of fire hammered out Thunderbolts as the old World was made believe when the truth of Histories was wrapt up in Fables by the wisedome of the Ancients Right against Aetna lie the 7. Liparen Islands Liparis Tremessa Ericusa Phenicusa Evonyma Hiera and Strongyle the greatest of the seven where Aeolus reigned that was believed to be god of the Windes and blew from his Aeolian Rocks as the Bellowes to Vulcan's great Forge in Aetna who had likewise a little Forge in Hiera the least of these 7. Islands called the Vulcanian Isle and his Liparen Work-house Sat. 13. But Vulcan powr'd Nectar himself and his own fingers scowr'd Foul'd in his Liparen Work-house The cause why this Isle was dedicated to Vulcan was from a little stonie Hill therein continually vomiting up fire Verse 10. What Souls Judg Aeacus torments The three Infernal Judges were Rhadamantus Minos and Aeacus The first commissioned to hear the Charge and judge of matter of fact Virg. Aeneid lib. 5. Gnosius haec Rhadamantus habet durissima regna Castigatque auditque dolos subigitque fateri Here strictest Rhadamant the Gnosian reignes Hears Crimes makes Souls confess and suffer pains The second pronounced Sentence Horace Cum semel occideris de te splendida Minos Fecerit arbitria No sooner shalt thou die and Minos pass Clear sentence on thee The third saw Judgment executed as in the words here commented upon What Souls Judg Aeacus torments Verse 11. Who stole the Golden Fleece The Theef was Jason his Fable Ovid gives you the History of the Fleece Justin lib. 24. Phryxus Prince of Thebes after the death of his Mother Queen Ino when he durst no longer trust his life to the madness of his Father Athamas and the malice of his Step-mother Mephele committed himself to the mercy of the Sea and desperately attempted to pass the Pontick Straits upon the back of the Golden-Ram his Sister Helle riding behinde him but she poor Lady frighted with the roaring of the waves let goe her hold and was drowned in that narrow Sea afterwards called Hellespont Phryxus himself came safe to Aeta King of Cholcos where he sacrificed the golden-Ram to Jupiter some say to Mars The Ram swifter then he stemd the Straits flew up to heaven and was made a Star retaining his former figure The Golden-fleece hung up in the Temple until Medea charmed the Guards for Jason to steal both it and her Verse 11.
for innovation in the State was really upon suspicion that the Son had been converted to the Christian Faith as I was told in Oxford by a Gentleman of worth assuring me that he had the authority of a great Author for it which I thought to be Eusebius or Baronius but having searched them both I finde not Domitius recorded for a Martyr by either of them and therefore in the Designe before this Satyr I only tell you that some say he was a Christian. Verse 116. Old Lords shew'd like Prodigies long since Long before Domitian reigned it was news in Rome to see an old Lord for this bald Nero took his Pattern from Nero himself qui nobilissimo cuique exitium destinabat that singled out the noblest persons for destruction Verse 124. A bearded King Tarquinius Superbus whom Brutus beguiled wore his beard long for in his time the Barbers were not come over to Rome from Sicily Verse 125. Rubrius That in his youth committed some such foul crime as pathick Nero did and being come to mans Estate was as bold a Writer of Satyrs against others as Nero was against Quintinian a notorious Pathick Lub Verse 128. Montanus Curtius Montanus mentioned by Tacitus a huge fat Glutton and a great Master in the Art of Cookery whose belly Juvenal here only takes notice of but leaves him not so you will meet him again in this Satyr Verse 130. Pompey Pompeius Ruffus not so gallant and fine a Courtier as the Arabarch Crispinus in his Oriental perfumes yet was Pompey the subtler in whispering of accusations Verse 132. Fuscus Cornelius Fuscus that having only heard of battails and studied stratagems of Warre within the marble walls of his Villa or Country-house was sent General by Domitian against the Dacians where his Army and Fuscus himself was lost Verse 134. Veiento See the Comment upon the third Satyr Verse 135. Catullus Catullus Messalinus a blinde man and a bloody Villain whose informations cost many men their lives Domitian used to cast him at great persons like a blinde dart that will spare no man Plin. He was by this Emperor raised from begging at the foot of the Aricine Hill in the Via Appia to be one of his Councellors of State Domitian taking it for granted that the tongue which begged so well would urge an accusation better Verse 143. Cilicians Sword-players of Silicia whose art in fencing this blnde Parasite had commended upon the Theaters as he had likewise praised the Engine such as we have in Masks and Playes that hoisted up the Boyes to the Clouds or the blue Canvas which they called the Velaria covering the top of the Theater Xiphilin Verse 146. Bellona Minerva Goddess of War Sister to Mars stiled likewise Enyo and Pallas whose Priests sacrificed their own blood to her and immediately she so inspired them as to explane things present and foretell the future before her Temple stood a Pillar called the Collumna Bellica whereon lay the Spear which the Faecealis or Herald took in his hand when he denounced war Alexander ab Alexandro lib 2. cap. 12. Verse 150. Arviragus King of the South Britains youngest Son to Kymbeline a great Enemy to the Romans in this Island both in Domitian's reign when it seems he flourished and in Claudius Caesar's whose Daughter Genissa if we may believe our British Historians that he had such a one Arviragus married Verse 159. Prometheus Son to Japet by his Wife Asia an excellent Potter he must needs be for he was the first according to the Poets that made a man of clay thus runs the Fable Minerva extremely taken with his ingenious workmanship promised to give him any thing the Gods had that would conduce to the perfection of his Art and when Prometheus answered that he could not conjecture how Celestial things would advantage him unless he took a view of them Minerva carried him up to heaven where finding all the heavenly bodies to be animated by fire he thought that would be most instrumentall and therefore with a Rule which he had in his hand he touched a wheel of the Sun's Chariot and so with his Rule burning he brought down to the Earth fire wherewith he made his man of clay Jupiter inraged at this presumptious theft gave a Box to Pandora to be delivered to her Husband Epimetheus Brother to Prometheus which being opened by him filled the world with innumerable diseases and calamities as for Prometheus Mercury was commanded to binde him to the Mountain Caucasus where an Eagle continually fed upon his heart but afterwards when Jupiter fell in love with Thetis and declared that he would marry her Prometheus skilfull in future events deterred him from the Match because he said it was decreed by the Fate that the Sonne born of Thetis should be a greater Person then his Father and Jupiter remembring how he had deposed his own Father Saturn feared the same measure from his Son and therefore chose to loose Thetis rather then his possession of the Heavens In recompence of the service done him in this discovery Jupiter sent Hercules to Caucasus where he killed the Eagle and unchained Prometheus If I have trespassed upon your patience with this tedious Fable I doubt not but to please you again with the Mythologie of it Prometheus was the first that taught the Assyrians Astrology which he had studied upon the top of the high Mountain Caucasus not farre from Assyria and neer to the Heavens from whence he could the easier discover the magnitude rising and setting of the Starres An Eagle was said to tire upon his heart because it was consumed with care and watching the motions of the celestial bodies and being these were the acts of Prudence and Reason Mercury the God of both was said to have chained him to the Mountain moreover for that he shewed to men how thunder and lightning was generated it was reported that he brought fire down from Heaven N. Comes Mythol lib. 4. c. 6. Verse 165. Falerne Wine That the Grapes growing upon the Falerne Mountains in Campania made a rare Wine in Juvenal's time you may know by his frequent use of the word Falern and at this day it is the absolute best Wine in Italy as they say that have met with it where it is pure which is only in the Cardinals or some great Princes Cellars Verse 167. Lucrin Rocks or Circe's The Lucrin Rocks were in the Bay of Lucrinum in Campania the Rocks of Circe were about Cajeta where was a Temple dedicated to Circe and a Mountain that bore her name Verse 168. Richborough in Kent Verse 176. Sicambri The People of Gelderland between the Rivers of the Mose and the Rhene Verse 176. Catti Germans now Subjects to the Landgrave of Hessen called Hassi against whom Domitian made one voluntary expedition as he did another of necessity against the Dacians now the Hungarians where his whole Legion was overthrown and the General Fuscus slain ut supr Verse 178. Flying Posts Some
this for which I left so man'y a time My Wife the cold Mount Esquiline to climb When Winter-JOVE pour'd down his cruel rain And my fur'd Coat did rain it o're again See how thy Lord 's long Squill bears down the dish Garnish'd with sparagus and how the fish With his proud tail the Table seems to scorn When in the hands of the tall Servant born Thy Crab with half an egge about it shred Comes in a Plate a Supper for the dead Upon his Fish Venafrian oyle he poures Lamp-oyle dawbs over thy pale Coliflowers For stuff brought in MICIPSA'S picked cane Thy Sawcer fills for which all Rome refrain The Bath stunk up by BOCHAR to come nigh From which the very Lybian Serpents flie Thy Patron 's Mullet CORSICA sends in Or Tauromenian Rocks when our's begin To fail when we our luxury to please Have for the Shambles robb'd the neighb'ring Seas Plunder'd the Tyrrhene Fishes spoild our fry The Provinces our riot must supply Thence LENAS sends AURELIA Donatives Wherewith she serves the Market but he gives To VIRRO a huge Lamprey from the Straits Of Sicily for when the South-winde waits For 's Goal-delivery and his moist wings dries Carybdis our bold Fisher-men despise Thy Eel is Cosin to the slender Snake Which th' Ice of Tiber did so spotted make That fed with mud and in the Kennel kept Through the Suburra's Common-shoar oft crept I 'd speak a word in VIRRO'S eare none crave What SENECA brave PISO COTTA gave To their poor friends for great as Fasces then Or Titles bounty shin'd in Noble-men Only a civill usage we intreat Let 's eat at the same Table the same meat Do this and be what most to be contend Rich to thy self poor only to thy friend To VIRRO a great Goose's liver 's set Girt with cramm'd Fowle or rarities as great A wilde Boar foaming lies upon his board Worthy the fair-hair'd Meleager's sword Then if 't be Spring time the par'd Mushrom's drest If wish'd-for thunder make a greater feast ALLEDIUS cries your Corn you Lybians spend Unyoak your Oxen so you Mushroms send Mean time lest any thing omitted be To put thee out of patience thou shalt see The Carver flourishing his knife begin As if he were to dance a Matakin Nor ends till all his Masters tricks are done Till over all the dishes he hath run And shew'd you what the diff'rent postures are Of cutting up a Pullet and a Hare But thou as HERCULES dragg'd CACUS must Drawn by the heels out of the dores be thrust Souldst thou as if thou hadst three names repine To thee when offers VIRRO his own wine Or pledges in thy dregs which of you are So rash so lost that to your Monarch dare Say drink Sir many words may not be spoke By a poor Fellow in a tatter'd Cloak But should some God or God-like man then fate More kind give thee a Gentleman's estate Poor Rogue how high from nothing would'st thou rise How gracious would'st thou be in VIRRO'S eyes Give TREBIUS this set TREBIUS that meat Wilt please you Brother of these entrails eat Oh money he this honour does to thee 'T is VIRRO and thy self that Brothers be But would'st thou be one of the better sort A Lord and thy Lord's Prince about thy Court There must no young AENEAS playing run Nor daughter more a darling then a son A barren wife makes a friend sweet and dear Yet if thy MYGALE should children bear Now thou art rich set on thy knee three boyes Ev'n in thy pretty Parrat-Babes he joyes For the green Stomacher his Servant goes The small nuts and the penny he bestowes That 's ask'd him when this Begger of small sums This little Parasite to his table comes To poor friends poys'nous Toad-stools they afford The Mushrooms are serv'd only to the Lord Pure Fungo's such as CLAUDIUS eat before His wife 's came after which he ne're eat more VIRRO and all the VIRRO'S apples taste Whose smell alone to feed upon thou hast You 'd think perpetuall Autumn sent-in these From the robb'd Orchard of th' Hesperides Thou eat'st Crabs such as he gnaws in the Works That under 's shield and in his helmet lurks And fears the whip still when he learns the art Out of the hairy Kid to cast his dart That VIRRO spares his purse thou maist believe But he does this only to make thee grieve What Comedy what Mimick can excite More laughter then the coz'ned appetite Know 't is his aim in tears to see thee wash Thy rage to hear thy longing grinders gnash Your Lord's Guests Freemen you your selves doe think He thinks you Slaves took with his Kitchin 's stink And he thinks right for what poor man that had Hetrurian golden bubbles when a Lad Or wore their figure with a poor devise In Leather made that can endure it twice Oh but a hopefull supper fails us now You 'll see another time he will allow Some part of the reversions of a Hare We shall a Chick or the Boar's haunches share This makes you watch his eye with untouch'd bread Hee 's wise that lets thee be no better fed For if thou canst with all these scornes sit down In time thou 'lt let him shave and crack thy Crown And take a good sound whipping in the end Worthy of such a Feast and such a Friend The Comment UPON THE FIFTH SATYR VErse 5. Galba Apicius Galba an excellent Droll in Tiberius Caesar's time Martial in his Epigrams names him very often Sarmentus was such another piece of impudence in the reign of Augustus Caesar and often came to his Table where he being a Roman Knight to the dishonour of his quality endured all manner of affronts and scorns yet at length by good drolling insinuated himself into the Emperor's favour The Scuffle between Sarmentus and Messius Cicerra is described by Horace in his Journall lib. 1. Sat. 5. Verse 7. The belly 's cheaply fed A little contents nature Senec. in his Epistles Nature requires bread and water no man as to these is poor Wherein a man can limit his desires he may boast himself to be as happy as Jove Again he saith Nature appoints but a little and is contented with it the belly hears no Precepts it asks and calls but is no troublesome Creditor if you pay what you owe not what it covets Again it is a high pleasure if you can be content with such food as you can never be deprived of by the iniquity of Fortune Verse 19. On 's third Bed In the Triclinium or Roman Dining-room was a Table in fashion of a half-Moon or Hemicycle against the round part whereof they set three Beds every one containing three persons when they had their full number the Hemicycle being left for the Waiters Verse 22. Saluting Rivals His fellow Clients that put on their cursory Gowns to bid good morrow sometimes by break of day to their Patrons or Patronesses I mean rich Ladies that were Childless such as
Modia and Albina Sat. 3. For fear lest his Collegue the Tribune may Wish Modia or Albina first good day Sometimes at midnight as here When the Sev'n-starres doe roll Their cold and sluggish Wain about the Pole Both times are taken notice of by Martial Mane vel 'a media nocte togatus ero By day-break or at midnight I 'll be gown'd Verse 29. Cybel's Priests See the Comment upon the second Satyr where you will finde the Priests of Cybele to be an Order of Rogues Drunkards and Gluttons therefore very likely to quarrel and fight about their victuals Verse 33. Libertines A Libertine was properly the Issue of a Freed-man and a Freed-woman and the Son whose Father and Mother were both Libertines nay if the Mother only were free-born was called Ingenuus but after the Censorship of Appius Caecus Liberti and Libertini signified the same degree of freedome and Ingenuus was taken for one born free whether their Parents were Freed-men or the Sons of Freed-men Justin Inst. l. 1. tit de Ingenuis See Franc. Sylv. in Catilinar 4. Verse 34. Pots of Saguntum Course earthen Pots made in Spain at Saguntum a City famous for holding out against Hannibal See Sat. 15. Verse 35. Vntrim'd Consuls That wore beards like their Kings Verse 39. Albane The Albane Hills bore a very pleasant Grape Plin. and the Vines there growing have not yet degenerated for the Vino Albano is now the best meat-wine in Rome Verse 39. Setine Hills Setia the City that denominates these Hills lies not far from Tarracina in Campania Martial lib. 13. Pendula Pampineos quae spectat Setia campos Setia that hangs o're the Pampinian Medes The Wine that came from these Mountains was in great esteem with Augustus Caesar and Regis ad Exemplum with Juvenal Sat. 10. When thou rich Setine Wine dost hold Sparkling midst Diamonds in a Boll of Gold Verse 41. Date and Climate The Romans writ upon the Vessels in their Cellars as the Officres of our English Kings set down in their accounts where the wine grew and what day of the Moneth it came in Verse 42. Thraseas and Helvidius Thraseas Paetus was Son in Law to Helvidius Priscus both would as gladly have laid down their lives to preserve Rome from the tyranny of Nero as D. Junius Brutus ventured his to free the Romans from Tarquin or M. Brutus and Cassius theirs to deliver their Country from the encroachment of I. Caesar. Tharseas was a Stoick and accordingly he behaved himself at his death for when the Officer told him from Nero that he must die with great constancy he repressed the tears of his Family and chearfully holding forth his arme when the floor was full of his blood turning to Demetrius the Cynick with the courage of Socrates he said This blood we offer as a Libation to Jove the deliverer Tacit. lib. 16. Helvidius Priscus suspected upon the same account was banished Italy by Nero and after his death repealed by Galba See Tacit. Verse 43. Drank Crown'd When the Romans indulged or sacrificed to the Genius which was as aforesaid either at the Nativities or Marriages of themselves or those they honoured it was their custome to crown their heads with cooling flowers to allay the heat of the wine and by binding of their fore-heads to suppress the fumes then ascending Verse 46. Beril A Precious-stone often mentioned in sacred Scripture Verse 53. The Youth prefer'd before The jealous spirited Hiarbas Aeneas See Sat. 1. in whose time when fighting was in fashion the Hilts of Swords were set with pretious-stones Virg. Aeneid lib. 4. Stellatus Jaspide fulva Ensis erat Bright Jasper sparkled in his Hilts. but in Juvenal's dayes when fighting in the field was out of date in Rome and eating and drinking only in request it was the mode to take out the Gems from their Hilts and set them in their Bolls Verse 56. Beneventine Cobler An ugly Glass that bore the name of Vatinius the Drunken Cobler of Beneventum and the four noses of it were studed and bossed like his nose Martial Verse 63. Getulian Boor. A Negro of Getulia in Africa Verse 67. Flower of Asia My Author means not the whole but that part of Asia properly so called within the Trojan Dominions which took this name from Asius the Philosopher Suid. After the Romans were made Lords of those Territories by the gift of King Attalus when they had brought them into the form of a Province they called it Asia Strab. lib. 13. so that the Flower of Asia signifies the loveliest Boyes or Ganymeds of the Country about Troy where Ganymed himself was born as you will see in the third Note following Verse 69. Tullus Tullus Hostilius the third King of Rome that took sackt and demolished the City of Alba as in the Comment upon the fourth Satyr a Prince no less active then Romulus He revived the Roman courage buried in sloath and the arts of peace and lest they should want imployment took occasion to quarrel with his Neighbours Liv. He first reduced Coyn to certain rates He brought in the Consuls Chariot-chair or Sella Curulis or Eburnea so called because it was made of Ivory and carried about in a Chariot The Lictors were his Officers He invented the Toga Picta and Praetexta the first being a Gown imbroidered in figures was worn in Triumph the other guarded with purple Silk by noble mens Sons and from Hetruria now the Dutchie of Florence he brought the golden Bullas or Bubbles which in their infancy they wore about their Necks See Macrob. lib. 1. Saturn Verse 69. Warlike Ancus Ancus Martius fourth King of the Romans Numa's Daughters Sonne he subdued the Latins inlarged the City of Rome took-in the Aventine and Martial Mounts and with a wooden Bridge joyned the Janiculum to Rome He extended the Roman Limits to the Sea-coast where he built the City of Ostium He made the first Prison that ever was in Rome and the number of that one Prison was not multiplied in the Reigns of the three Kings his Successors nor a long while after as you may see in the end of Sat. 3. Verse 72. Getulian Ganymed Ganymed was Son to Tros King of Troy so sweet a Boy that Jupiter fell in love with him and as he was hunting upon the Mountain Ida made his Eagle seize and carry him to Heaven where for his sake Jupiter put off Hebe Juno's Daughter that till then filled his Nectar and gave his Cup-bearer's place to Ganymed The Mythological sense of this Fable is that the divine Wisdome loves a wise man and that he only comes neerest to the nature of God Cicer. lib. 2. Tusculan But this Negro this Getulian Ganymed came neerest the nature of Pluto and might have been the Devil's Cup-bearer Verse 87. Remember These are the words of a proud controlling Waiter at the Table answered in the next verse but one by the poor upbraided Client Verse 90. Mount Esquiline Where many Patricians had houses so
had some Greek Mountebanks See the Comment upon the third Satyr Verse 98. A Supper for the Dead The Romans used to bring to a dead man's Monument a little Milk Honey Wine Water and an Olive Apulei thus they appeased the Manes or Ghosts See Lips l. 7. Tacit. Verse 99. Venafrian Oyle The Oyle made at Venafrum a City of Campania the purest in all Italy mentioned likewise by Horace and Martial Verse 101. Micipsa Micipsa and Bochar were the names of two Kings this of Aegypt that of Numidia It seems the Oyle that came from their Countries was so fulsom as the very African Serpents would not endure the smell of that which their own Country-men used in the Baths at Rome Verse 105. Corsica An Island in the Ligustick Sea lying North and South between Italy and Sardinia from which it is 60 furlongs distant Plin. lib. 3. cap. 4. it is environed VVest and North by the Ligustick Sea on the East it hath the Tyrrhene Sea on the South the Pelagus or main Sea Ptol. c. 5. l. 2. Verse 106. Tauromenian Rocks The Sea coast neer Tauromenium in Sicily Verse 111. Lenas One of the Haeredipitae or Fishers for Legacies that bought up the Cream of the Market to present to Childless persons This was a rooking complement in fashion with the Romans Sat. 6. But Ursid likes the Julian Law intends To get an heir and lose the gifts he sends That courts him with the Shamble's rarest things The Mullet and great Turtle without Wings Verse 111. Aurelia A rich childless woman presented by Lenas with so many Shambles-rarities more then she could spend in her house that with the overplus she served the Market Verse 120. Suburra See the beginning of the third Satyr Verse 122. Seneca A Spaniard born at Corduba he was a Stoick and Tutor to the Emperor Nero that having raised him to so vast an Estate that the calling in of his bank of money in Britain caused a Rebellion at last suspected to be one of the Plotters in Piso's conspiracy Nero commanded that he should bleed to death His works are extant which shew his excellence of Learning in Morall and Naturall Philosophy and though some have aspersed him as a covetous wretch I think him to be fully vindicated in the noble mention here made of him by my Author Verse 122. Piso. C. Piso Calfurnius lived in the reign of Claudius Caesar Prob. he was adopted by Galba magnificent in his bounty both to friends and strangers Tacit. At his Country-house Nero often recreated himself idem Verse 122. Cotta Aurelius Cotta a munificent person contemporary with Seneca and Piso. Verse 132. Meleager Son to Oeneus King of Calidonia by his Wife Althaea that as soon as she was delivered of him imagined she saw the three fatall Sisters holding in their hands a Brand and that she heard them say when that fire-stick should be burned out the Childe should die The Destinies then vanishing the Brand was left which Althaea extinguished and kept it with great care Meleager being now grown a man it fortuned that his Father sacrificing to the Gods offered of his fruits to all the Deities Diana only omitted this neglect so incensed her that she sent a wilde Boar which destroyed the whole Country of Aetolia Meleager with his Mistress Atalanta followed by all the gallant Youth of Greece hunted this Boar and slew him presenting his head to Atalanta the Daughter of Jasius King of Argos that first hit the Monster with an arrow This Present was resented with such a strange animosity by his Mother's Brothers Plexippus and Toxeus they as well as she having ventured their lives in the Chase that they attempted to take her head which so inraged her Servant Meleager that he slew them both and immediately married Atalanta The news flying to Althaea that both her Brothers were slain by her Sons hand in her fury she threw the Brand into the fire and as it burned so did the bowels of Meleager the Brand and he in the same instant dying Ovid Metam lib. 8. Althaea to revenge her self upon her Sonne with fearfull execrations prayed for his death to Pluto and Proserpine Hom. therefore the story of the Brand only signifies her curses and the Magick which she practised Sabin Verse 133. Spring-time The best Mushromes grow in Africa in the Spring of the year immediately after thunder which though it blast the Corn is notwithstanding wished-for by such Voluptuaries as Alledius that had rather have the Lybians to send their Mushroms to Rome then their Corn. Verse 145. Cacus The Aventine Shepherd the great Gandfather of the Bandetti or Italian Outlawes from whose robberies the Latines could secure neither their own nor strangers goods so that when Hercules passed through Latium with droves of Cattel which he had got from Geryon in Spain at Mid-night Cacus took them out of the Pasture and lest he should be trackt by the Beasts feet he dragged them by the tails into his Den. Hercules rising by day-break and finding by his eye that he wanted some of his number took a view of the Rocks and Caves about the place to discover by the footing if any of his Cattel had straggled thither but when he saw by the print of their hoofs that they all went from the Caves not towards them he knew not what to think of it and being about to remove his Oxen that wanted their fellowes began to bellow and were answered by those in Cacus his Den thither went Hercules and was resisted by Cacus that endeavouring to obstruct his entry was knockt down dead with his Club and it seems dragged out by the heels Liv. lib. 1. Virg. Aeneid lib. 8. Verse 163. Aeneas Juvenal tells the Client Trebius that if he should grow rich and have a Court like Queen Dido's yet if he mean that his Patron Virro shall be one of his Courtiers he must not wish as she did to have a young Aeneas for A barren Wife makes a Friend sweet and dear Notwithstanding if Mygale the Wife of Trebius should bring him three young Aeneases Virro would make much of them all as he did of their rich Father and for the same consideration Viz. Oh money he this honour does to thee 'T is Virro and thy self that Brothers be Verse 171. Claudius Claudius Caesar whose Armie brought into his obedience the Isles of the Orcades He was a dull sottish Prince which his Empress Messalina presumed upon or else she had not dared in his life time to marry her self publickly to C. Silius Tacit. Annal. lib. 11. Juvenal Sat. 10. This was told him by his Freed-man Narcissus that governed him in chief and commanded him to take off her head Sat. 14. After her death his Freed-men Narcissus Calistus and Pallas held a Councell about another VVife in her place and the last carried it for his dear Mistress Agrippina She was Neece to Claudius and confidently before she was his Empress took upon her the Authority of a
VVife Tacit. Annal. lib. 12. c. 1. VVhen he had married her she made him betroath his Daughter Octavia to her Son Domitius and soon after by the help of her Favourite Pallas got him to adopt her Son Domitius by the name of Nero and then she had no further service to command him in this world therefore making Locusta poison one of his beloved Mushromes Sat. 5. she sent him into the next world and so he descended into Heaven Sat 6. See Seneca in his Drollery upon the death of Claudius Caesar where he sayes he went up to Heaven but by a Decree of the Gods was thrust down to Hell Verse 180. Hesperides The three Daughters of Hesperus Brother to King Atlas their names were Aegle Arethusa and Hesperethusa The Poets tell us these Sisters had an Orchard where the trees bore golden fruit which was guarded by a Dragon till Hercules slew him and carried the golden Apples for a Present to his Stepfather Eurysttheus Some say this Dragon was only the doubling of a point at Sea the shore winding and foaming like a Dragon which landed Hercules in a Country full of Olive trees with fruit upon them as yellow as Gold Plin. Solin See Vir. and N. Comes lib. 7. Mythol cap. 7. Verse 194. Hetrurian Bubbles Golden Bullaes or Bubbles worn about the necks of Noble-mens Children by the appointment of Tullus Hostilius imitating the great Persons in this fashion poor people hung about their Childrens necks a leathern Bubble Figura Sexta POsthume 1 dic quid agis seris an ineptus in annis Ambis tu teneram juvenili in flore puellam Quae lasciva fugit ducens hâc fraude sequacem At tu si sapias 2 Juvenali attende monenti En Capitolinus stat 3 mons ibi cautibus horrens Inde fluit 4 Tiber hinc abituram cernis 5 Amicam Elige de tribus hisce tibi vel saxa vel undas Et te praecipitans canorum consule famae Credêris demens nisi vincla jugalia vites 6 Urbicus emulget cum vaccam pauperis Aeliae Et cantat Mimus 7 Paris irritátque Tragoedus Troiadas Proceres ubi magno agit histrio plausu Adde quod ad Phariam lippū comitata 8 Lanistam Nupta Senatoris properaverit 9 Hippia cymbam Ursidium exemplis absterret talibus Autor Conjugii vetulus nè porrigat ora capistro Non quod femineum Satyrâ perstringat honorē Paucarum ob maculas quas ipso in sole notâris Nec tamen eclipsin faciunt hae sed neque splendet Vt radiat coelo muliebris fama Latino Astruit Vxorum Lucretia morte pudorem Portiá que abserptis Viduarum est gloria flammis The sixth Designe HOW 1 Posthumus thou wilt not sure engage To this young Beauty in thy drooping age She 's coy and shuns thee only to entice But follow thy friend 2 Juvenal's advice Here hangs the steep 3 Tarpeian Rock here flowes Swift 4 Tiber there thy 5 Iberina goes Chuse two of three a precipice or wave Casting thy self away thy credit save We shall conclude thee mad to marry now When 6 Urbicus the Clown milks Aelia's Cow And 7 Paris the young Player gains the hearts Of Ladies How with acting great mens parts Whil'st th' ill-look'd Fencer 8 Sergius steals aboard Fair 9 Hippia marri'd to an ancient Lord. By th' Author such examples are pickt out To cross her marriage whom th' old man 's about Not to defame her sex for these few blots Ev'n in the Sun we have discover'd spots Yet still he shines in heav'n and not more fair Then Ladies fames flie in the Roman aire Where Lucrece seal'd the faith of Wives in blood Portia the constancy of Widowhood The Manners of Men. THE SIXTH SATYR OF JUVENAL The ARGUMENT The Roman Women full of Taints And Blemishes the Poet paints And sends them represented thus To old Ursidius Posthumus Of whom he does compassion take And counsels him his choice to make Of any death ere such a Life As he must look for with a Wife I Grant that Chastity when SATURN reign'd Was seen on earth when one cold Cave contain'd A little Houshold fire and Lar and made For Shepherds and their Flocks a common Shade When first the Mountain-wife leaves sedges spread And skins of neighb'ring beasts to make her bed Not like thee CYNTHIA nor her that cry'd And swel'd her fair eyes when her Sparrow dy'd But whil'st man Acorns belcht his wife more wilde Had her full breasts drunk up by her great childe For in th' earth's nonage under heavn's new Frame No vice they knew that from th' Oak's rupture came Or clay-born had no Parents and yet much Old virtue might remain at least some touch Ev'n under JOVE but ere JOVE had a beard Ere Greeks by others heads swore when none fear'd A thief would rob him of his hearbs or trees But liv'd without inclosure by degrees To Heav'n then Chastity ASTRAEA led And so together the two Sisters fled POSTHUME 't is old to steal anothers sweets To slight the Genius of the sacred sheets The Iron Age brought forth all other crimes Adultery was in the Silver times Yet Meetings Contracts Joyntures motion'st thou In our Age Nay the Master-barber now Trims thee perhaps thy Pledge her finger fits Wilt thou wive POSTHUME sure thou hadst thy wits What snake-hair'd Fury haunts thee canst obey A Wife so many halters in thy way So many windows open those so high The opportune Aemilian Bridge so nigh If in this choice of deaths none pleasing be Think is 't not better thy Boy sleep with thee Thy Boy that reads no curtain-Lecture fains No coyness till presented nor complains Because thou spar'st thy back or that so oft As he commands thou dost not come aloft But URSID likes the Julian Law intends To get an Heir and lose the gifts he sends That courts him with the Shambles rarest things The Mullet and great Turtle without wings What is not possible if URSID wed If this old Stallion thrust his foolish head Into the Marriage halter that lay prest So oft half smother'd in LATINU'S Chest Besides his Wife must be of th' old chaste strain He 's mad good Surgeon strike his median vein Adore JOVE prostrate on 's Tarpeian hill Nice man to JUNO a guilt Heifer kill If thou hast luck to Nun's flesh so few are Fit to touch CERE'S Veil their Fathers dare Not kiss them Thy dore-posts with Garlands crown Thick Ivy to thy threshold hanging down One man thy IBERINA satisfie She 'll sooner be contented with one eye But she 's cry'd up lives at her Father's Grange Let her live next a Village-maid then change To be a Town-maid and the Grange may pass But who swears nothing done in Mountains was Or Caves are JOVE and MARS so wondrous old In all our Gardens do'st one Maid behold Worthy thy choice our Play-house Boxes prove Can'st pick out one thou maist securely love BATHYLLUS acting LAEDA THUSCIA leaks At 's Gambolls APULA as
part of the Mediterranean lying beneath Italy called therefore Mare inferum between Corsica and Sicily the Ionian is part of the Mediterranean above the Adriatick Straits between Sicily and Creet through both which Seas they must needs pass that sail from Rome to Aegypt Verse 119. This makes Hyacinths Hyacinthus was Son to Amyclas and beloved at the same time by Apollo and Zephyrus but Hyacinth inclining more to Apollo his Rival Zephyrus was so inraged that his love turned to hatred and watching his time when Apollo played at Pall-mall with his Mignion Zephyrus blew the Iron Ball which Apollo struck full upon the head of Hyacinth so the fine Boy was slain and though sad Apollo had not power to quicken him again into a man yet he revived him into a purple flower that still beares the name of Hyacinth Palaeph in tract de fabul See the same story told with some alterations by Ovid. Metam lib. 10. Verse 125. Whose daring Wife Messalina that taking her opportunity when her Husband Claudius was asleep went to the common Stews in a red Periwig then in fashion with common Prostitutes which also wore Gold-chains about their necks Verse 131. Lycisca The most famous Courtesan of those times whose name was chalked over the Chamber-dore where Messalina entertained her Customers Verse 133. High-born Britannicus Britannicus was Son to the Emperor Claudius by Messalina at least so reputed He was first tituled Germanicus When he was an Infant his Father carried him into the Camp and commended him to the Army yet notwithstanding all that care by the contrivance of Nero he was poysoned Tacit. lib. 13. Verse 162. Canusian Breed Canusium was a Town of the Apulian Daunia upon the River Aufidus Ptol. Plin. Pompon Canusium afforded the best Sheep of Italy and the finest wool which nature had died with an Eye of red they that wore it in a Garment were called Canusinati Martial lib. 9. Verse 159. Falerne Vine-yards Falernus was a part of Campania yeilding incomparable wine anciently called Amineum Aminean Vines Virg. Verse 166. Berenice That after the death of King Herod was the Concubine of her first Husband's Brother incestuous Agrippa Joseph Verse 175. Peace-making Sabines The Sabine Women they came to Rome to see the solemnity of the Consualia Shews made in honour of Neptune God of secret Counsels Tertul. de spect cap. 5. as he was also the Inventer of horsemanship These Shews were the original of the Circensian Games begun by Evander Dion Hal. lib. and revived by Romulus purposely to intrap the Sabine Maids whose curiosity he knew would bring them to the Shew and then he resolved that his new Plantation of Romans should not want Wives which they could have amongst their Neighbours by fair means therefore he got these by stratagem and deteined them by force A war growing about it between Tatius and Romulus these late chast Maids now virtuous Wives with their hair scattered about their shoulders as at a Funeral came betwixt the two Armies bearing their young Children in their armes and made a Peace between their Fathers and their Husbands Plutarc in Romul Liv. Ovid Fast. 3. Verse 178. Cornelia Mother to those two formerly named valiant but mutinous Tribunes Caius and Tiberius Gracchus Daughter to Scipio Africanus that conquered Hannibal and Syphax King of Numidia and subjected Carthage to the power of Rome She was not only noble by extraction but exceeding handsom chast rich and prolifick glorying much in her Children for being intreated by a Campanian Lady to honor her with the sight of her richest Ornaments she brought her out neither Gold Jewels nor glorious apparrel only shewed her Sons Val. Max. Verse 184. Amphion Son to Jupiter by Antiope the Daughter of Nycteus and Wife to Lycus King of Thebes that finding her to have lost her Maidenhead circumvented by K. Epaphus or as others say Epopeus divorced himself from her and married Dirce. In the widowhood of Antiope Jupiter got her with Child but Dirce suspecting her Husband to have done it clapt her up in prison Jupiter pittying her sufferings for his sake delivered her from imprisonment when she was almost at down-lying She fled to the Mountain Cithaeron and there at the crossing of two high-waies was brought to bed of Male-twins which the Shepherds took up and called the one Zethus the other Amphion These two coming to be men were called in by the Thebans and when they knew how Dirce had used their Mother they tyed her to the tail of a wild Bull that dragged her through briers and bushes miserably tearing her till Bacchus put an end to her torture by turning her into a Fountain of her name Amphion was so great a Master of Musick that it was said Mercury gave him the Lute which he playing upon made the stones dance at the building of Thebes till they had walled it about Amphion married Niobe Sister to Pelops and Daughter to Tantalus King of Phrygia Son to Jupiter by the Nymph Plore She had by him fourteen Sons and seven Daughters but being proud of her great birth her marriage and fruitfulness Niobe scorned the Thebane Matrons for sacrificing to Latona that had but two Children But those two Apollo and Diana sensible of this affront offered to their Mother in one day shot to death all the Children which Niobe had bragged of not sparing Amphion only because he was her Husband As for Niobe she was taken up in a whirle-wind that carried her from Greece into Asia and neer to the Town of Sipylus where she was born transformed into a Marble Statue Ovid. Metamorph. 6. That Amphion with his Lute made the stones dance after him only signifies the musick of his Elocution winning the hearts of rude ignorant people that dwelt at distance to meet and live in a body that they all might defend one City This power of perswasion was the Lute which he received from Mercury the God of Eloquence See Alberic Rocat N. Com. Mythol lib. 9. cap. 15. By the Marble Statue into which Niobe wept her self is understood the effects of immoderate griefe which at last converts to stupidity and makes us insensible of grief Thus was Niobe petrefied into Marble the only Monument she could raise to her self after her Children were destroyed Paleph Verse 197. Till she her Tuscan Till she changes her Tuscan or Italian Mother-tongue into Greek nay even the barbarous Latin of Sulmo into pure Attick Greek Verse 209. Haemus A smooth-tongued Greek Comedian mentioned Sat 3. Carpophorus was another of the Company Verse 216. Dacian and German Caesar. Domitian's Picture cut in Gold or rather the Sculpture of Trajan a Prince that deserved the Inscription of Dacian and German Caesar. Such Coins were usually by the Bridegroom presented in a massy piece of Plate as a gratification for his first nights lodging Verse 236. Her bright Veil The Bride 's yellow Veil or the Flammeum in which they brought her with her face covered to the Bridegroom Plin.
Roman Nobility Verse 116. Heav'ns winged-fire The lightning watched by certain old Priests appointed for that purpose and where they imagined a thunderbolt to fall a hedge was made about the place lest the people should come upon defiled ground which they purified by sacrificing their Bidentes a pair of young Heifers and from them the place it self was called Bidental Vers. 617. Plebeian The Plebeians were the common people of Rome Verse 617. Circus the great Shew-place described in the Comment upon Sat. 3. Verse 618. Th' Ovall Tower A wooden Tower of the form of an Egge built by Agrippa for the Judges of the Circensian Games to view the course This Tower was supported with pillars carved like Dolphines before them upon a Mount stood a Courtesan drest up as Juvenal describes her that told poor women their fortunes Verse 632. Before thou break'st thy fast The Romans held it ominous and looked for a black day if they saw a Negro next their hearts in a morning Verse 634. The foul Lake The Velabrian Lake where fruitfull poor women exposed those children they were not able to maintain and Midwives took them up for rich barren Ladies that counterfeited lying-in and trepand their Husbands with these Sons of the earth that by this means inherited the greatest honours and fortunes in Rome viz. The Salian Priesthood and great Scauran name Of both which I have spoken in the Comment upon Sat. 2. Verse 643. Thessalian Philters Thessaly is a Country of Greece having Boeotia upon the one hand on the other Macedonia it lies to the Sea between the River Peneus and the Mountains of Thermopylae and was first called Aemonia of King Aemon Plin. lib. 4. cap. 7. There are in Thessaly 24 Mountains whereof the noblest is Olympus Palace of the Gods then Pierus the Seat of the Muses Peleus and Ossa memorable for the Giants war Pindus and Othrys inhabited by the Lapiths but neither the Mountains nor the many fair Rivers of this Region rendred it so famous as it was made by the rare Simples that grew there rare both for the use and destruction of men for medicine and poison so that not only Physitians but also Witches came thither to furnish themselves of ingredients for Philters or Love-potions It was in Thessaly where Medea gathered all those herbs which restored old Aeson to his youth Apul. lib. 1. Flor. Verse 649. Nero's Vncle. Caesar Caligula who had this surname à caligis from his military Boots which he wore set full of Pretious-stones His Wife Caesonia wrought upon his affections with such powerfull love-potions that in his dotage he would often like to the Lydian King Candaules shew her naked to his friends yet still when he kissed her neck he would say This fair neck if I please may be cut off Once in a humour he professed that he would send to be resolved by what means he was brought to that excessive dotage then Caesonia fearing to be discovered put into her Philter more of her powder of sympathy which made Caligula stark mad and turned him from a Prince to a Tyrant Verse 650. A Colt's whole front The Hippomenes a caruncula or bunch of flesh growing upon the forehead of a Colt some say the Mare eats it in her very foaling time as grudging so great a benefit to man in regard it makes him that wears it be beloved of all his acquaintance This Hippomenes snatched from the teeth of the foaling Mare and infused in wine makes the drinker enamoured of the Cup-bearer Caligula found it so Verse 653. Mushrome Claudius Caesar above all other Table-rarities loved to eat Mushromes Sat. 5. before His Wife 's came after which he ne're eat more Verse 669. Pontia Juvenal supposes that his Readers may question the truth of some crimes charged upon Ladies and take them to be stories fained for heightning of his Satyrs in imitation of Sophocles when he writ his Greek Tragedies Now my Author to clear himself quotes the Case of Pontia Daughter to P. Petronius and VVife to Vectius Bolanus that after her Husbands death poisoned the two Sonnes which she had by him that she might come with a full fortune to him that was her Servant before Nero put her Husband to bleed his last Pontia being arraigned was convicted from her own mouth confessing the fact and her inclination not only to poison her two Sons but many more if her first Husband had begot them so the words import hear Pontia confess My Sons I poyson'd Cruel Viperess What both at one meal two had I to sev'n Been Mother I had sent them all to heav'n When sentence was passed upon her after a great Supper and a Banquet she called for Musick danced a while then made her veins be cut and yet at the same time took a draught of poison for expedition See Jan. Parrasius Papin Stat. 5. Sylv. Mart. O mater qua nec Pontia deterior O mother Pontia was not worse Verse 673. Medea Daughter to Aeta King of Colchos by Queen Ipsea or as some call her Ida. When Jason with the rest of the Argonauts arrived at Colchos Medea won her Father to give them a reception in his Court Then for fear of losing her beloved Jason that attempted to carry her from many rival Princes which daily lost their lives upon the same account she taught him how to overcome all intervenient dangers by taming and yoaking the brazen-footed Bulls by charming into a dead sleep the ever-waking Dragon then killing him and stealing the Golden Fleece which he guarded This done Medea fled away with Jason carrying along her little Brother Absyrtus King Aeta pursued them and when he drew so neer that Medea and Jason gave themselves for lost to retard his march she cut in pieces the young Child her Brother and whilst her father gathered up his scattered limbs she and her Servant saved themselves by flight At last after a tedious voyage they came to Thessaly where Jason that could not move her in vain made it his suit now they were in the Worlds great Physick-garden that she would try her art upon his old decrepit Father whom she restored to his strength and youth Diogenes said that Medea was no Witch but a wise woman that by Gymnastick exercises and sweating in Stoves brought effeminate persons which had prejudiced their health by idleness to as good a habit of body as at first This made the Poets invent their Fable of her boiling of men till their old age was consumed Trusting to this example of Aeson the Daughters of his Brother Peleas were cozened into the murder of their Father Medea making them believe she would restore their Father to his youth as she had restored her Husbands Father Ov. Met. lib. 7. Lastly Jason put her away and married Creusa Daughter to Creon King of Corinth Medea mad to be thus used by the hand of her Servant presented to Creusa a rich Cabinet full of wild-fire which she opening burned her self and
fired the whole Palace Jason resolving to kill Medea for this fact broke open her Chamber-dore just as if she had bewitched him thither only to be an eye witness to the death of those Children which he had by her for as soon as ever he came in she catcht them up and strangled them all but saved her self by the power of Magick Her next appearance she made at Athens where she married Aegaeus and though he was then very aged she had a Son by him called after her own name Medus that gave name to the Country of the Medes Justin. lib. 42. After all this no body knows how Jason and she were reconciled probably it was for her own ends because she forthwith carried him to Colchos where he reestablished her old banished Father in his Kingdome See Diodor. Sicul. and N. Comes that learnedly interprets the Fable of Medea Verse 673. Progne Daughter to Pandion King of Athens Wife to Tereus King of Thrace of all Thracians the most barbarous for under pretence of waiting upon Pandion's other Daughter that made a visit to her Sister Progne at his Court by the way he ravished Philomela cutting out her tongue that she might not tel But Philomela being an excellent Work-woman drew her sad story with her needle in such lively colours that her Sister Progne knew the whole circumstance of the Rape and to revenge her self of her cruel Husband by the advice of the Maenades she feasted him with the limbs of his and her Son Itys which being known by the Childs head that was served-in for the second course Tereus in his fury would have killed his Wife but whilst he was drawing out his Sword he saw her turned into a Swallow Philomela was transformed into a Nightingale Itys into a Pheasant Tereus himself admiring at their metamorphosis was turned into a Lapwing that still bears upon his head the creast of a fierce Thracian Souldier See Ovid. Met. 6. Verse 683. Alcestis Wife to Admetus King of Thessaly whose Cattle-keeper Jove himself had been and therefore as it seems when his old Master was sick to death Jove was contented with an exchange so that if any one would die for Admetus he might live But this being an office distastefull to his whole Court and Kingdome all excused themselves only Queen Alcestis cheerfully embraced the offer and served her Husband with her life Her Tragedy you may read in the works of Euripides Verse 687. Belides The Belides or Danaides were fifty Daughters of Danaus Son to Belus To these Ladies Aegyptus Danaus his Brother desired to marry his fifty Sons but Danaus would not give way to the Treaty of a marriage with all or any of them because the Oracle had fore-told him that he should die by the hand of a Son in Law but Aegyptus moving it once again in the head of a strong Army brought to force the consent of Danaus and his Daughters the match was concluded Upon the wedding night the Brides were instructed by their Father to kill their Husbands when they saw their opportunity In obedience to him all these Ladies slew their Husbands but only Hypermnestra that preserved the life of her Husband Lyceus He afterwards verified the Oracle and to secure himself slew his Father in Law Danaus and succeeded him in the Kingdome of Argos The sentence pronounced against these Sisters by Minos the just Judge of Hell was to pour water into a Tub that was split until they filled it which could never be and therefore their punishment must be endless Some think this Fable signifies the Spring and Autumne that every year pour out new varieties of flowers and fruits yet never satisfie our expectations See Lucret. lib. 5. Others take it to bear proportion to the whole life of man and of all things in the world which as they come in go out not leaving any long continued monument of what they were There are that apply it to benefits conferred upon ingratefull persons which vanish in the doing Plato compares the split Tubs of the Beleides to the minde of an intemperate man which is insatiable Terence hath one that saith he is very like them plenus rimarum sum I am full of Leaks But whosoever he was that writ the following Epigram he fixes Plato's sense from an universal to a particular exceeding well Belidas fingunt pertusa in dolia Vates Mox effundendas fundere semper aquas Nomine mutato narratur fabula de te Ebrie qui meias quae sine fine bibis Quinetiam hoc in te quadrat turba ebria quod sint Corpora quae fuerant dolia facta tibi Tubs split say Poets the Belides fill With water which still pour'd in runs out still Change names to thee the Fable comes about Drunkard that all thou pour'st in pissest out In this too it concerns your bousing Crue Those that were Bodies are made Tubs by you Verse 687. Eriphyle Daughter to Thelaon Sister to Adrastus and Wife to Amphiaraus She was bribed with a Ring by Polynices to make discovery of her Husband that lay hid for fear of being forced to march to the seige of Troy where he and she knew that it was his fate to die For this trechery of his Wife Alcmaeon had in charge from his Father Amphiaraus that as soon as ever the breath was out of his body she that betrayed him to death should not live a minute accordingly when the news was brought Alcmaeon slew his Mother Verse 689. Clytemnestra See the Comment upon Sat. 1. Hom. lib. 11. Odyss Senec. in Agam. Eurip. in Orest. Sophocles in Elect. Verse 695. The thrice foil'd Monarch Mithridates King of Pontus that by the strength of his arme could rule six pair of horses in a Chariot and by the strength of his brain two and twenty Nations every one of them speaking a several tongue and he all their languages When the Romans were taken up with their civil wars he beat Nicomedes out of Bithinia and Ariobarzanes out of Cappadocia possessing himself of Greece and all the Greek Islands only Rhodes excepted The Merchants of Rome that traffick't in Asia by his contrivance were slain in one night the Proconsul Q. Oppius and his Legate Apuleius were his Prisoners But Mithridates was thrice defeated by the Romans First as you have heard by Sylla at Dardanum then by Lucullus at Cyzicum from whence he fled for refuge to Tigranes King of Armenia that suffered him to make new levies within his Dominions but that vast Army was totally routed by Pompey Finally Pharnaces besieged him in his Palace and Mithridates despairing attempted to poison himself but had brought his body to such a habit by long and constant use of Antidots to prevent impoisoning that when poyson should have done him service it would not work Nor had he then lost the Majesty of his looks for the man sent to kill him found Mithridates unwillingly alive yet still so undaunted and like himself that the Murderer shakt and
Rhetorician she Can raise thee and thou shalt a Consul be And from a Consul if she will she can Make thee again a Rhetorician What was VENTIDIUS What TULLY too But proofs of what the Stars and Fates could doe That Crowns for Servants Bayes for Slaves prepare But Fortunate white Crows are not so rare Many repented that they play'd the fool In setting up a barren Rhet'rick-School As in THRASIMACUS may be observ'd And SECUNDUS CHARINAS almost sterv'd I' th' midst of Athens that to Scholars now Except cold Hemlock nothing dare allow Grant Heav'n that gentle weightlesse Earth may lie On our fore-fathers bones and sprout on high In flow'rs which to the Aire perfumes may bring Cloathing their Urns in a perpetuall Spring Because a Tutor they did still repute To be the sacred Parent 's Substitute When 's Rod the Centaur singing-Master shak't ACHILLES though he was a great boy quak't In 's Fathers Mountain yet who then could fail To laugh that saw a Master with a tail By his own Scholars now is RUFFUS mall'd RUFFUS that TULLY ALLOBROGIAN call'd Who to ENCELADUS or to the learn'd PALAEMON tenders justly what is earn'd By a Grammarian's pains be what it may 'T is less still then a Rhetorician's pay Yet thence he that a Schoole-boy over-sees Defalks as all Paymasters will his fees PALAEMON yield fall from thy highest rate Like Trades-men in their Shops a little bait So long as all 's not lost intic'd wherewith Thou satest up till midnight which no Smith None that cards wool with sloap-tooth'd wyre would do So long as all 's not lost that put thee to Th' induring what a Grammar-school annoyes As many sev'ral smoaks as thou taught'st boyes When HORACE with his Lamp was all besmear'd And VIRGIL like a Blackamoor appear'd Yet seldome that which is their due is paid Unless complaint be to the Tribune made But stricter lawes on Tutors you impose For you must have one that all Grammars knows Rules Authors Histories and these as well As he can his own nails or fingers tell That if perhaps you ask him as you goe TO TYTAN'S or the Town-Bath you may know ANCHYSE'S Nurse thy Mother in law's name ARCHEMORUS the Country whence she came How long ACESTE'S liv'd how many a pot Of his Sicilian wine the Trojans got You doe expect he should a School-boy take And mould his manners just as one would make A face of wax you doe conceive that he To all your Children must a Father be And look they should no filthy pastimes use Nor is 't a little toil to him that views The hands of such a world of Boyes and pryes Into the trembling corners of their eyes Doe this they say and for our whole years debt Thou shalt have what a suit in Law can get The Comment UPON THE SEVENTH SATYR VErse 1. Caesar. The Emperor Domitian such a favourer of learned men that he sent many of the Virtuosi out of this world to perfect their knowledge in the next and to the rest he gave an opportunity of following their studies in this life by imprisoning or banishing of them Yet some few Poets and very noble ones tasted of his bounty as Martial and Statius both which he favoured the first for his own sake the other upon the score of his Minion the Player Paris for whom Statius writ the Tragedy of Agave and was well paid for his wit by Paris that taught his great Master the art of incouraging some Scholars Therefore Juvenal in this Satyr commends both Domitian and Paris but you may see it is for fault of a better the Satyr appears through the Complement Verse 4. Gabian Baths Gabium was a beggerly Volscian Town See the Comment upon Sat. 3. To be Master of a Bath there was no better then a Fire-maker's place in a Bath at Rome Verse 6. Aganippe's Vale. Aganippe's Valley and Spring were in a solitary part of Boeotia consecrated to the Muses But instead of withdrawing to such privacie as the old Poets used want of Patrons and hunger forces the new ones as Cryers of goods to be sold to come upon a Stage built for that purpose in large Courts where Chapmen might have room to flock about them Verse 7. Clio One of the Nine Muses her name signifies Glory Hesiod Theog because glory is the aim of Poets She was the Inventress of History transmitting to posterity the actions of gallant men Virg. de 9. Mus. VVas it not pitty that so noble a Muse for plain hunger should turn Cryer Verse 9. Machaera A Cryer of Goods set to sale one that was in Juvenal's time as well known at Rome as He is now about London that cryes Stockins for the whole Family Verse 13. Halcyone Halcyone was Daughter to Neptune and Wife to Ceyx She sailing to the Oracle was shipwrackt and being impatient cast her self into the Sea but the Gods in pitty would not suffer her to be drowned and therefore turned her into a Kings-fisher Ovid. lib. 11. Verse 14. Tereus King of Thrace Son to Mars by the Nymph Bistonis He married Progne that finding by her Sister Philomel's needle-work who had cut out her tongue and why he did it called a Councell of her Gossips the Maenades that were met to celebrate the Orgies of Bacchus where by a general vote it was resolved that she should treat her Husband all the dishes at the Table being made out of his young Son Itys severally cooked and that for a second course one of the Gossips should bring in the head of his Son Itys and another the ravished Philomela How all these four Princes were transformed if you remember not Ovid you may turn to the end of the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 14. Oedipus Son to Laius and Jocasta King and Queen of Thebes VVhen Jocasta was with childe of him the King sent to the Oracle to know the fortune of his Ofspring it was answered The Queen would be delivered of a Son that should kill his Father Laius to preserve himself when the Child was born gave him to a Shepherd charging the man upon pain of his own life to destroy the Infant The Shepherd durst not obey the King for accounting to the Gods neither durst he disobey him for fear of his threatnings therefore he chose a middle way and thrusting a Sword through the feet of the poor Babe into the holes he put twigs of VVicker by which he hung him upon a tree thinking that want of sustenance would soon make an end of him The Shepherd at his return to Court shewed the bloody sword to the King confidently assuring his Majesty that his pleasure was fulfilled But Phorbas Shepherd to Polybius King of Corynth going through the VVood perhaps to make a visit to his Brother Shepherd heard the Child ran in and took it down Returning with all speed to Corynth he presented the Babe as a great rarity both of Fortune and Nature to the Queen his Mistress that was Childless The
frenzie commit a Crime equal to Nero when he writ his Troicks which Juvenal urges as the greatest of his cruelties for they put him into a humour of setting Rome on fire only that he might sing his verses of Troy burning by Rome in the like condition Lastly for the Imperial Crown of his impiety he charged the fact upon the Christians condemning those poor Innocents for that which he himself had done to be tortured in pitch't Cassocks fit for Catiline and Cethegus as Juvenal here sayes that would have fired Rome and therefore fittest of all for Nero that did it This torture is fully described in Sat. 1. Verse 285. Vindex C. Julius Vindex Governor in France the first mover in the rebellion against Nero not upon his own score but upon the account of S. Sulpitius Galba Lievtenant in Spain for whom both Vindex Virginius Rufus Governor in Germany declared themselves and Juvenal thinks all three had done well if they had declared against Nero for the burning of Rome and revenged in the first place his malice to his Country Verse 390. Parsley-Crown Nero in the Isthmian prizes had carried away the Parsley-Crown from the Greek Musick-Masters Verse 292. Thyestes long train Thyestes was Son to Pelops and Hippodamia He to spight his Brother Atreus made him Cuckold Atreus to revenge himself first banished Thyestes then repealed his banishment and feasted him with the flesh of those Sons which he himself had begot upon the body of his Wife Aetope Thyestes to out doe his Brother defloured his own Daughter Pelopea by whom he had Aegysthus that assisted in the murder of Agamemnon Son to Atreus In this Tragedy of Atreus so horrid that Historians say the Sun could not have patience to behold it but went back into the East Nero played the part of Thyestes and Juvenal thinks that when the Play was done Nero might have hung the long Vest which he acted in upon the Statue of his Ancestor Cn. Domitius as well as he hanged upon the Statue of Augustus Caesar the Lute decreed him by the Judges of the Musick-exercises he having first kissed and adored it Suet. Verse 293. Antigone's and Menalippe's Tyre That we may know Nero acted upon the Stage both Mens and Womens parts my Author bids him put upon the head of L. Domitius Nero the Tyre in which he played Antigone that led her blind Father Oedipus as aforesaid and on the head of Domitius Aenobarbus to put the dress in which he played the part of Menalippe got with child by Neptune imprisoned by her Father and in a Stable delivered of a boy that was almost stifled with the stink of the place and therefore called Baeothus Verse 296. Cethegus One of the Conspirators with Catiline that covenanted to fire Rome the barbarous Galls did no more Was this a designe fit for Romans and persons of honour as they were Verse 300. Pitcht Cassocks Made for poor Christians See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 1. Verse 302. New man Cicero's Enemies in scorn of his mean birth called him novus homo new man and the poor Arpinate because he was born among the Volscians at Arpinum now Abruzzo then a poor Town yet enobled by two famous Natives M. Tullius Cicero and C. Marius Verse 306. The Gown Hail thou that wer't first stiled Father of thy Country thou that in the Gown did'st first deserve a triumph and the laurell of the tongue Thus the spirit of Cicero is complemented by Pliny lib. 7. cap. 2. Father of his Country was a title by Cato conferred upon Tully for preserving Rome from Catiline Cethegus and the rest of their faction Verse 308. Caesar. Augustus Caesar second Emperor of the Romans Consul with Cicero in the year from the foundation of Rome 722. He overthrew Brutus and Cassius at Philippi and defeated Marc. Antony at the battail of Actium where he built a City and named it from his victory Nicopolis Plutarch He reigned fifty six years In his time learning flourished then in Rome lived Virgil Horace Sallust Hortensius Athenodorus Tarseus and Sitio Alexandrinus Eutr lib. 7. But in Juvenal's opinion neither his conquest at Land nor his Sea-victory merited so much honour from his Country as those services done in the Gown by Cicero Verse 313. Marius Another poor Arpinate born in the same Town with Cicero His Father C. Marius and his Mother Fulcinia wrought for their living Plut. and so did he himself when he first came to the Army Juv. The Vine that paid him when the lazy Cramp Took his hand pallizadoing the Camp After he was a Souldier by degrees he rose from one office to another till at last the Consul Metellus made him his Lievtenant-Generall in Numidia where he took King Jugurth and drive him into Rome before the wheels of his triumphant Chariot for which service the Romans looked upon him as the only great Souldier able to defend them when they trembled at the invasion of the Cimbrians and Teutons He was then chosen Consul five times together In his fifth Consulship when he had Catulus for his Collegue he overthrew the Cimbrians and Teutons He was defeated by Sylla and hid himself in the Minturnian Fens in Campania where he was found cast into a Dungeon by the Minturnians and a Cimbrian sent to murder him But the Executioner fled from the Prisoner whose eyes as he said shot forth a flame of fire Then the Town possessed with the like fear suffered Marius to make an escape and in a small Pinnace he passed over into Africa where Juvenal sayes Sat. 10. that he begged his bread in conquered Carthage When Cinna had seized into his hands the government of Rome he called-in Marius that destroying his enemies was the seventh time chosen Consul and then dyed in Rome of a Pleurisie Plut. Ver. 317. Cimbrians The Cimbrians are the Danes and Holsatians that with the rest of the Germans are called Teutons from their God Tuesco Versteg These bodying in a vast Army were upon their march for Rome in the year 640. but Marius cut them off as aforesaid they were men of huge giantly bodies and horrid looks The Cimbrians used to rejoyce at a battail where if they fell they should die gloriously upon the bed of honor but they lamented in their sicknesses as if they were to perish basely Val. Max. Verse 321. Second Laurel He wore the first when he led King Jugurth in triumph Verse 322. Collegue Marius in his fifth Consulship was Collegue to Q. Catulus a person nobly born Both as equalls in the service of preserving their Country from the Cimbrians were equalized in the honour of triumph Verse 323. Decii The Decii were Plebeians but men of more then Patrician courage for they devoted their lives as voluntary Sacrifices for the benefit of their Country the Father in the war with the Latines the Son in the Hetrurian war the Grandchild in the war that King Pyrrhus made for the Tarentines The first Decius when
with a Signet wherein was ingraved a Lion which dream Aristander Telmisseus thus interpreted No body sets a Seal upon an empty Cabinet the Queen is with Child of a Boy that shall have the courage of a Lion This young Lion Alexander conquered Asia Armenia Iberia Albania Cappadocia Syria Aegypt Taurus and entred upon Caucasus He subdued the Bactrians Medes and Persians possessed himself of the East Indies as far as Bacchus or Hercules had ever marched and as they say wept because there was no more worlds to conquer He was infinitely handsome something in his face shewing him to be more then a man He had a long neck a little inclining to the left shoulder spritely eyes a lovely colour in his cheeks and in every other part of his body a certain Majesty appeared This Conqueror of the World overcome with wine and choler died of a fever at Babylon in the 30 th year of his age and the 12 th of his reign See Solin At his death no body suspected him to be poysoned Six years after Queen Olympias discovered the whole plot executed many for it and made the Executioner dig up and scatter the reliques of Iolaus that gave him the poyson which one Agnothemius reported that he heard King Antiochus say was done by the directions of Aristotle But others hold the story of Alexander's impoisoning for a Fable Plut. in Alex. Polyb. Q. Curtius Arrian Plut. Verse 193. Gyarus See the Comment upon Sat. 1. Seriphus is an other little Isle of the Cyclades Verse 202. Xerxes King of Persia Son to Darius and Granchild to Cyrus by his Daughter Acosa To make preparations for a warre upon Greece in five years he raised 700000 Persians and joyned with them 300000 Auxiliaries his Fleet consisting of 200000 sayle Behold a glorious Army that wanted nothing but a Generall Justin. lib. 2. When he took a view of all his forces the tears fell from his eyes and being asked why he wept he answered because a hundred years hence not one of all these millions of men will be left alive He joyned Asia to Europe covering the Hellespont with Ships and disjoyned the Mountain Athos from the firme Land cutting it into an Island Plin. lib 4. cap. 20. His Army was beaten at Thermopyle by 4000 Lacedaemonians and his Fleet by Themistocles at Salamis from whence advice was sent him seriously by his Lievtenant Generall Mardonius and subtily from the Athenian Admiral Themistocles to fly out of Greece immediately for there was a designe to stop his passage Whereupon he rid post to the Hellespont and finding his Bridge of Ships scattered by a Tempest took a Fisher-boat and escaped 'T was a spectacle to be looked upon with wonder in consideration of mans condition and change of fortune to see him sculk in a little Boat whose Fleet not long before the spacious Sea was scarce able to contain not so much as a man to wait upon him that lately commanded an Army cumbersome to the earth After his return to Persia he would never think of wars again but wholly applyed himself to ease and idleness proposing great rewards to any that could invent new wayes of luxury Val. Max. This brought him into contempt with his Subjects and within a short time he was slain in his Palace by the Captain of his Guard Artabanus that was formerly a faithfull Councellor to him and gave his vote against the warre with Greece He shot arrowes against the Sun and cast fetters into the Sea Laert. In his Army a Mare that creature of undaunted courage brought forth the most timorous of all animals a Hare which undoubtedly portended the cowardly flight of his vast Army and the fall of his high pride that moved him when his Bridge of Boats was first broken to command 300 lashes should be given to the Sea and Irons cast in to fetter Neptune and these words to be spoken to the God by the Executioner Thy Lord inflicts this punishment upon thee because thou hast injured him that never deserved ill of thee and yet King Xerxes shall pass in spight of thee and to thee shall no man at all sacrifice thou art so deceitfull and cruel a Flood And having thus punished the Sea he repaired the Bridge Herod lib. 7. Verse 206. Sostratus A Greek Poet that writ the Persian expedition into Greece He foretold to the Athenians the coming of Xerxes into Greece Herod But he foretold truer then he told in this place quoted by Juvenal where he makes Xerxes drink up whole Rivers for his mornings draught me thinks it should have followed that he meant to eat up all Greece for his supper Verse 209. Aeolus Son to Jupiter and Sergesta or Acesta Daughter to Hippotes the Trojan He reigned as in the Comment upon Sat. 1. in Strongyle the greatest of the 7. Lipparene Islands Some speak of three Aeoli one Sonne to Hippotes and Granchild to Phylantes the other Son to Helenus and Grandchild to Jupiter the third Son to Neptune and Arne See Virg. Plin. Diod. Sic. Eustath Odyss 10. They called him King of the Windes because by the clouds and smoak of Aetna he foretold the quarters where the Winde would hang. According to Isacius he was a man that studied Astronomy especially that part which appertains to the nature of the Windes for the benefit of Navigation He therefore divined when the Sun was coming into Taurus if there would be a Storm at Sea or a Calme and what day or hour of the day or how long the West wind should breathe or what other winde should rise at the rising of the Dogge or any Celestiall Signe and blow again upon Criticall dayes viz. the fifth the seventh day and the like For this reason he was thought to be King of the Winds To which is added by Strab. lib. 1. that he guessed at the Windes by the ebbing and flowing of the Sea and Marriners finding it to be true believed the VVinds to be his Subjects and that he could at his pleasure imprison or release them an opinion more probable then that of some Lapland-Philosophers that tell us if we have the skin of a Dolphin ordered with certain ceremonies we shall have a wind to any place we are bound for and no other wind shall blow upon the water Sure Homer's Age was poisoned with this natural Philosophy otherwise he would not have made Aeolus bestow a wind in a bag upon Vlysses as aforesaid Aeolus as to Morality is a wise man that moderates his passions seasonably and according to the opportunity of time and business speaks angrily when he is pleased and gently when he is offended such a one at his pleasure bridles and lets loose the wind N. Comes Mythol lib. 10. cap. 10. Verse 223. Tabraca A part of Lybia Possidonius tells us in his voyage from Cales to Rome he was driven upon the Lybian Coast where he saw a VVood full of Apes some sitting in trees others upon the ground some
would and she should have it for a nights lodging she asked the spirit of Prophecy and had it but he had no Cassandra The God in a rage to be so mockt though he had not power to recall his gift yet made it ineffectuall taking away the credit of her words from all that heard them In his Aeneis Virgil sayes that a little while before the Sack of Troy she was betroathed to young Choroebus that seeing her the very night the Town was taken carried away by a Grecian indeavoured to rescue her but in the attempt was slain by one Penelaus and the Maid her self defloured in the Temple of Minerva by Ajax King of the Greek Locrians that for his sacrilegious Rape was struck with a thunderbolt by the incensed Goddess Pallas Verse 308. Polyxena the greatest beauty of all Priam's Daughters At the Siege of Troy Achilles seeing her upon the walls fell in love with her and desired to be King Priam's Son in Law The King consented to the match and the Temple of Apollo was the Place where the Marriage was to be solemnized and the peace ratified Paris knowing this hid himself as aforesaid behind the Image of Apollo and with an arrow hit and slew Achilles When Troy was taken and Polyxena made a captive the Grecians dreamed Achilles appeared and charged them that Polyxena under pretense of whose marriage he was slain should be sacrificed to his Ghost This cruelty was acted by his Son Pyrrhus Ov. 23. Metam When they brought her to the Tomb of Achilles wanting a Garter she cut away the skirt of her Gown and with it tyed her Vest beneath her knee that she might fall modestly Verse 317. His old Wife Hecuba Wife to King Priam that after her Husband was slain lived till she was transformed into a Bitch Ovid. Metam lib. 13. This fable was grounded upon her behaviour when she was Prisoner to the Greeks for seeing the floating body of her Son Polydorus which they had cast into the Sea and having no other means of revenge she scolded at them like a Bitch that barks against the Moon Serv. Verse 320. Pontick King Mithridates See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 320. Solon One of the seven Sages of Greece He was born in the Isle of Salamis and flourished at Athens in the time of Tarquinius Priscus King of Rome Gell. lib. 17. cap 21. He gave to the Athenians Laws of such a temperament that both the Senate and the People Contraries in point of Interest and Opinion equally approved of them nay after the Republick of Athens came into the hands of a single person Solon's Lawes were confirmed by Pisistratus though he had altered the nature and quality of the Government Thus he writes to Solon I have provided that the State be still governed by your Lawes He abrogated all the Lawes of Draco but only those against Homicide When he fled from the Tyranny of Pisistratus first he went to Aegypt then to the Isle of Cyprus and lastly invited by Croesus King of Lydia he came to his Court at Sardys where the King shewed him his infinite riches and asked if he had ever known a happier person Solon answered yes one Tellus a very poor but a just man that lived under a good Government had virtuous Children lived to see their Children and then died in the service of his Country Croesus desirous to be thought happy in the second place asked him who doe you think the second happy he replied Cleobis and Biton Sons to the Argive Priestess that wanting a pair of Oxen as the custome was to draw her Chariot to the Temple of Juno when these young men could find no Oxen in the field they yoaked themselves and drew their Mother fourty five furlongs to the Temple where she prayed that the Goddess would reward this piety of her Sons with the best thing that could be given them which it appears was death for Cleobis and Biton after they had sacrificed and feasted slept in the Temple and never waked again Yet said Solon may Croesus be in the number of the happiest hereafter But no man can be justly called so before his death therefore Juvenal terms it Solon's just reply That would not Croesus should his fortune praise Vntill the Close and Ev'ning of his dayes This Answer Croesus found to be true by a sad experiment for he being defeated and taken prisoner by Cyrus King of Persia that condemned him to be burned to death for presuming to make a War in his Dominions when he lay upon the pile of wood ready to be fired he cryed out O Solon Solon Solon Cyrus that was present at the execution sent to know what Solon was perhaps thinking him to be a God that Croesus so called upon who told the Messenger I should never have come to this ignominious death if in the time of my prosperity I had thus remembred Solon that when I shewed him all my wealth would not pronounce me happy but said No Judgement could be made of any mans felicity till the hour of his death This Answere struck a terror into the great Persian King having then before his eyes the truth of Solon's words in the fortune of a mighty Prince and not knowing how soon it might come to be his own case Cyrus therefore pardoned Croesus and afterwards used his advise in the quality of a privy-Counsellor Herod lib. 1. He died in the eightith year of his age in the Isle of Cyprus leaving order that his body should be transported to Salamis there burned and his ashes scattered about the Island lest the People of Athens should get any relique of him and so think themselves to be absolved from the Oath which they made faithfully to observe his Lawes till his return to Athens His buriall in this place and manner though Plutarch thinks it fabulous is confirmed by the inscription upon his Monument Mors mea ne careat fletu linquamus amicis Maerorem ut celebrent funera cum lacrymis Lest with dry eyes friends should my Fun'ralls keep Grief I bequeath they shall have cause to weep Cic. Tusc. Quaest. lib. 1. See Val. Max. Suid. Diog. Laert. Verse 324. Marius See the Comment upon Sat. 8. Verse 333. Provident Campania Campania a Country in Italy so called because it was the Field or Campania where the constant battail was fought between Ceres and Bacchus that is where Corn and the Vine strove which should most inrich the soile Plin. It is now in relation to the Peasants that plough the earth and dress the Vines called Terra di Lavoro the Land of Labour Here Pompey in Capua some say at Naples fell sick of a burning Fever by a great Providence saith my Author For if he had died then he had not lost his own honour and the freedom of his Country at Pharsalia nor his life at the sixtith year of his age in Aegypt ut supra Verse 348. Latona Daughter to Coeus the Titan
Milesian's death his Sons demanded the money deposited Glaucus denyed the receipt and turned them out of Town They went to Milesium he to Delphos where he put this Case to the Oracle What if a man forswear himself The Pythia or Apollo's Prophetick Priestess answered He that swears false may gain by it but shall dye so shall he that swears the truth but the perjured man shall leave no issue by degrees his perjury shall eat out his House Name and Family Glaucus terrified with this answer humbly begged pardon of Apollo whereunto the Pythia replied To tempt the God and to commit the fact is one and the same crime Glaucus sent for the Milesians and restored to them the money deposited by their Father Yet a while after he died an untimely death and his Family was extirpated root and branch Herodot lib. 7. Verse 274. The comb of a poor Cock For the recovery of a sick person at Rome Sheep and Lambs were sacrificed to his Lars or houshold Gods and a Cock to Aesculapius which had been the ancient custome of the Greeks as you see in the last words of Socrates O Crito I owe Aesculapius a Cock be sure to pay my debt Verse 289. Aegaean rocks This answereth to the place in Plinius Secundus as I have observed in my Notes upon his Panegyrick pag. 22. his words are these How much diversity of times could doe is now specially known when to the same Rocks where formerly every innocent person now only the guilty are confined and all those desert-Islands which late were filled with Senators are now planted with Informers Verse 292. Tiresias A Theban Prophet Son to Everus His Country-men the Grecians that instead of writing Histories tell tales do say That in Cythaeron he saw two Dragons in the act of generation and taking notice which was the female killed her immediately he himself was turned into a woman After seven years he met with the like sight again slew the male Dragon and was restored to his first shape and sex Then a dispute hapning between Juno and Jove Whether male or female had more sense of pleasure Tiresias was made Umpire and gave judgement for Jove that the pleasure is greater in the female For this Juno took away his sight others say he was struck blind when he saw Pallas naked Jove to recompence the loss of his sight gave him the spirit of foresight making him a Prophet Vlysses questioned his soul in Elyzium as in the Comment upon Sat. 9. The Monument of Tiresias was erected at the foot of the Mountain Tilphossus in Boeotia neer to the Fountain Tilphossa where in the time of his banishment he ended his life by a draught of cold water which in extreme old age oppressed his spirits in a moment After his death the Thebans gave him divine honours Of his transformation read Ovid. Metam lib. 3. Figura Decima Quarta VIrtutis ratio est vitioso magna parenti In sobolem si restet amor si viscera tantúm Talos profusus 1 pater odit parvulus haeres Cum ludit mimúsque eadem movet arma fritillo Fastidit lautae senior Gulo fercula coenae Insignem bullâ puerum 2 erudiente Magiro Fictile condire plumas ubi detrahat ollae Indere ficedulas in eodem jure natantes Quo spes merguntur quas concepêre Propinqui Musica nulla sonat vernaeque Laris que Tyranno 3 Tortorum in strepitu cum filius esse Procrustes Coepit sopitósque breves extendere servos Lena 4 parens vafram quae docta Cupidinis Artem Filiolae dictat quà sit lactandus Adulter Dispumat quoties vinum se sobria damnat Pupam maternae quod traxerit orbita culpae Gibbosus 5 majúsque animo quà m corpore monstrum Instituit similem qualem generaverat offam Per quodvis augere jubens patrimonia crimen Ast ubi quem docuit geniti cadet ense Magister Victima Avaritiae superis si redditus auris In melius prolem teneris effingeret annis The fourteenth Designe IF vitious Parents did but love their blood Ev'n for their Childrens sake they would be good What 1 Gamester hates not play that sees his Son New-coated trying how the Dice will run Who loaths not feasts that hath in 's Kitchin took His 2 Heir instructed by his Master-Cook Pulling of wild foul in the Bisk to swim Thus sinking all his Kindred's hopes of him A 3 Tyrant in his house will not be milde To his whipt Slaves when he beholds his Childe His young Procrustes stretch a sleeping boy To help his growth The 4 Bawd that to imploy Her long experience her Daughter schools When she writes letters to her am'rous fools If Sack would suffer her must curse the time That e're she us'd the Girle in her like Crime The 5 Wretch that makes his Son a truer Ape Of his ill nature then his ugly shape Advising him his fortunes to improve By all means all obstructions to remove When his apt Scholar kills him might he live Would to his next Child better Precepts give The Manners of Men. THE FOURTEENTH SATYR OF JUVENAL The ARGUMENT By Parents ill examples led Their Children are to Gaming bred To gluttony to rage to lust To getting wealth by wayes unjust When Creatures meerly sensitive To their seed gen'rous breeding give And Man for shame should teach to His What Nature and Right Reason is TThere are FUSCINUS certain stains that spoil A handsome Breeding and fame's beauty soil In many things which in a blood doe run Deriv'd from the lew'd Father to the Son If th' Old-man dice th' Heire in long-coats will doe The like and flings out of small boxes too What better hope can any kinsman have Of Boyes that Mushromes for the Olio shave And drown the Beccafico's swimming in 't Taught by the knave their father taking hint From gray-hair'd gluttony In their sev'nth yeare E're all their black teeth cast the white appear A thousand Tutors with grave beards provide On this as many on the other side He will love costly suppers still and hate From a great Kitchin to degenerate Milde temper that will pardon small mistakes That servants souls and ours one matter makes Like Elements our bodies is this taught Or Cruelty by RUTILUS That 's caught With a delight to heare whips crack their strings And thinks no Syren half so sweetly sings Th' ANTIPHATES and POLIPHEME to fright His House pleas'd when 's Tormentor in his sight Into 's slave's forehead a hot Iron runs For two course napkins lost what learn his Sons Of him that loves chains clinking and to stand Spelling the letters Country Hang-men brand Could'st thou think LARGA'S daughter would not prove A wench whose lips so fast can never move Reckoning the partners in her mothers crimes But that she must at least breath thirty times She a young child knew when th' Adulterer Came to her mother that 's now Bawd to her By th' old-one are her little
it Verse 118. Moses Qui docebat c. That taught how the Aegyptians were not in the right that worshipped God in the Images of beasts nor the Graecians that gave to their Gods the figures of men and that Power only to be God which comprehends us the Earth and Sea which Power we call the Heaven the World and universall Nature To make whose Image like to one of us really none but a mad-man would presume Strab. lib. 16. Verse 120. Vnless to one of his Religion To this very day the Jewes will doe no reall civility unto any but of their own Nation and Religion which they love so much as to lend them money gratis all others must pay interest Verse 123. His Father caus'd all this Whose Jewish Tenets are hereditary to the Son Aegyptii c. The Aegyptians worship many Animals and Images made by hands The Jewes worship only in spirit and conceive one God holding them to be profane that make Images of perishing matter in the form of Men for God the supreme and eternall Power neither mutable nor mortall Therefore they have no Images in their Cities nor in their Temples Tacit. Hist. lib. 5. Verse 132. Hesperian Dragon See the Comment upon Sat. 5. Verse 154. The Bridge Where Beggars waited for the charity of Passengers Sat. 5. Is there no Hole no Bridge Verse 184. Tatius Generall of the Sabines that by the treachery of the Vestall Virgin Tarpeia as in the Comment upon Sat 6. took the Capitol After he had got that advantage of the Romans and often fought them with various successes upon the intercession of the Sabine women as aforesaid he made a Peace and put it in his Conditions That the Sabines should be free of the City and he himself Partner with Romulus in the government of Rome whose Territory extended not then to any great quantity of Acres as appears Sat. 8. by the adventure of Claelia the Maid that courage found To swim o're Tiber then our Empire 's bound But the Kinsmen of Tatius having affronted the Laurentine Embassadors and Tatius not righting them according to the Law of Nations the punishment due to his Kinsmen fell upon himself For he Sacrificing at Lavinium the whole City were insurrectors and killed him Liv. Verse 187. Pyrrhus King of Epire descended by the Mother from Achilles by the Father from Hercules He was strangely preserved in his infancy and bred in Macedon by Glaucias of Megara by him restored to his Fathers Kingdome at seventeen years of age Whilst he returned from Epire into Macedon to marry his beloved Mistress Daughter to Glaucias his Subjects the Molossians again rebelled and set up another Family in his Throne Having lost his Crown and with it his Friends he fled to his Sister Deidamia's Husband Demetrius Son to Antigonus and commanded under him at the great battail where all the Kings that divided Alexander's conquests were ingaged There he though a young man had the honor where he fought to worst the Enemy In Aegypt he grew so great a Courtier that Queen Berenice's Daughter Antigona loved and married him and won her Mother to move the King her Step-father for money and forces to reestablish her Husband in his Kingdome Entring Epire with an Army he found his People weary of their present Governor Neoptolemus all came in to their King But Pyrrhus fearing that Neoptolemus would follow his example and get some forrein Prince to espouse his quarrell divided the Crown with him Soon after discovering that his Brother-King had a plot upon his life Pyrrhus invited him to Supper and there killed him In memory of his Patron and Patroness the King and Queen of Aegypt he called his Son by Antigona Ptolemey and the City he built in Epire Berenice Lysimachus hearing of this signall Gratitude made use of Ptolemey's name to cajoll or put a trick upon Pyrrhus having then undertaken the quarrell of Alexander Brother to Antipater both Sons to Cassander The contents of the Letter were That Antipater desired Pyrrhus to receive therewith three hundred talents to forbear all acts of hostility against him But the direction was King Ptolemey to King Pyrrhus whereas he ever used to write The Father to his Son greeting By this means the cheat of the counterfeit Letter and Token was found out He was ready not only to intress himself in this difference between the Sons of Cassander but imbraced any opportunity of warre being ambitious to make himself the universall Monarch The Successors of Alexander used him to ballance the power of Demetrius whom he beat out of Macedon The Tarentines called him into Italy where he turned the effeminate Tarentines into good Souldiers and almost brought the warlike Romans upon their knees for twice he fought the Consul Dentatus and at those two battails slew threescore thousand Romans After his restless ambition had carried him from the East to the West and back again by Sicily to Macedon from thence to Sparta and at last to Argos A poor Argive woman seeing her Son's life at the mercy of his sword with both her hands flung a tyle at him which hitting between the helmet and the head broke his skull and killed him He was in the opinion of great Souldiers the greatest next to Alexander that ever the world had Antigonus being asked whom he held to be the best Generall answered Pyrrhus if he had lived to be old But for conduct and policy Hannibal gave the first place to Pyrrhus the second to Scipio the third to himself The Officers of his Army when he fought a battail observing his looks celerity and motion said Other Kings were like Alexander in their State and Courts but Pyrrhus in his armes and in the field And when they gave him the surname of the Eagle he said that I am so I owe you for it how can I be less then an Eagle that have your Swords for Wings He was bountifull to his friends moderate in his anger towards his enemies and when obligations were laid upon him extremely gratefull Calumny he sleighted for when some moved him to banish from Ambracia one that had railed against him no said he It is better that he should tarry here and slander me in one Town then all the world over Upon the same account another being under examination he asked him Were these your words the Examinant said Yes Sir and I should have spoke more bitterly if we had drank more wine Pyrrhus was satisfied with this answer and discharged the man Indeed he held himself concerned in nothing but warre and victory for even when he had taken a cup or two extraordinary a friend asking whether he thought Pytho or Caphisias the best Musitian he answered Polysperchon is a good General Plut in Pyrrh Verse 189. For many wounds two Acres The Consull Dentatus himself after Pyrrhus was beaten out of Italy accepted seaven Acres given him by the State Columel Verse 203. Wealth 's cruel thirst That like Death spares no
not to desert the City ib. his second Victory against the Gauls ib. his Law at the Siege of Veiae 521. his death 68 Campania 379. why called Terradi Lavoro ib. there Pompey the Great falls sick 380 Campus Martius 212. why called Tarquin's fields ib. described ib. how the men were there exercised ib. how the women 201 Camurius murderer of Galba 61 Canopus 195 Canusium 197 Capito Cossutianus accused by his Province 294 Capito vid. L. Fonteius Capito Capitol named from a man's head digged out of its foundation 308. an Augury from thence taken that Rome should be the head of the World ib. Capitoline surname to the Family of Manlius 67 Capreae 359 Cares builds the Colossus at Rhodes 203 Carfinia a Strumpet 59 Carus Intelligencer to Domitian 25. informes gainst Pliny ib. Cassandra Daughter to K. Priam 375. a Prophetess never believed 376. the ground of the Fable that Apollo made love to her ib. her Ravisher thunder-struck ibid. Castanetta's 409 Castor and Pollux 449. their fabulous hatching ib. why esteemed Gods by Marriners ib. their actions ib. the Fable of their death and revivall derived from the Stars that bear their names ib. Castor's Temple in Rome ibid. Castor Inventer of Coaches 383 Catiena 100 Catiline a Conspirator made famous by the Pen of Cicero 57 Catillus 103 Catti 128 Catulus a Monopolizer 95 Catullus Author of the Comedie called the Phantasm 447 Catullus Messalinus a blind Begger 125. raised to be one of the Lords of the Councel ib. Catuzza 451 Cecrops K. of Athens before Deucalion's Flood 292. why pictured Male and Female ib. his Olive-tree names the City ib. what he taught the Grecians ibid. Celsus vid. Junius Celsus Censor 63. the manner of his election ibid. his Office ibid. Ceparius fellow-Traitor with Catiline 57 Cercopithecus described 503 Ceres Goddess of Husbandry 191. how represented ib. her Fable ib. her sacrifices 192. why so little frequented ib. her Pageants described 484. why an Egge was presented in her Pomp ibid. Cethegus ingaged with Catiline 57 Chaldaeans 214. their imployment in the Babilonian State ib. their study ib. why greater Philosophers then the Grecians 215 Chalky-feet the mark of a Slave sold in open Market 30. Character of a Greek Mountebanck 76.77.78.79 Charon 105 Chief Bishop vid. Pontifex Maximus Chio 100 Chiron 262 Chorax 10â— Christians inhumanely martyred by Nero 33. Their torture described 11. vers 188 Chrysippus the Stoick 48. an incomparable Logician ibid. Cilicians 125 Cimbâ—ians 306. why they rejoyced at a battail and lamented in a sickness ib. Cinna calls-in Marius 306 Circe's Rocks 127 Circus the great Shew-place described 97. why a Towell was there hung out for a Flag 409 Claelia 309 Claudius Caesar marries his own Brother's Daughter 57. a sottish Prince 149. puts his Empress to death in obedience to his Freed-man Narcissus and marries again by appointment ib. adopts Nero Son to his his second Wife ib. is poysoned by her ib. Cleanthes the Stoick 51. his poverty when he studied Philosophy ib. the manner of his death ib. Cleopatra Daughter to Ptolemey Auletes 62. she puts Marc. Antony upon a battail at Sea ib. why and how she poysoned her self ib. Clients what they were in their first institution ib. Clio 242 Clitumnus 421 Clodius Cicero's Enemy 56. why he degraded himself of his nobility ib. his prophanation of the Good Goddesse's Ceremonies occasions the Julian Law ib. his incest and debauchery ib. his discovery by Caesar's Mother 206 Closter Son to Arachne 59. he invents wheels and spindles for wool ib. Clotho the Destiny that holds the Distaffe 94 Cluvienus a pittifull Poet 28 Clytemnestra 15. why she murdered her Husband ib. she marries Aegisthus ib. is slain by her Son ib. her ghost haunts him ib. Cneius Pompey his rise 361. why surnamed the Great ib. the success of his armes ib. his Wives ib. the Inscriptions upon his spoils and triumphs 362. his folly of loosing all at one battail ib. his sad end 363. his Sons defeated ib. Cocks offered to Aesculapius for recovery of sick Persons 453 Codâ—us 2. Author of the Poem titled Theseis 12. the Inventory of his Goods ib. his miserable poverty ib Coena Pontificia 122 Cohort 522 Collatinus Tarquinius Husband to Lucretia 380 his Inscription upon her Monument ib. Columna Bellica 125 Concord's Temple where the Stork built her nest 30 Consul by Juvenal called Praetor as he was first named by the People 355 his mock-state described 356 Coptus 504 Corbulo 105 Corcyra 504 Corinth first called Ephyre 297. how situated ib. the Citizens affront the Roman Embassadors ib. a War decreed against them ib the Town easily stormed ib. how Corinthian brass came to be the best ib. Cornelia 198. her Jewels ib. Cornelius Fuscus Student in Armes 125. Generall against the Dacians ib. he and his Army lost ib. his Wifes draught ib. he himself noted for a Tipler 522 Corsica described 146 Corvinus Juvenal's friend 420. Corvinus a Roman Knight 30. glad to be a Shepherd's man ib. Corvinus vid. Val. Corvinus Cos an Island 295 Cosmus Inventer of the Vnguentum Cosmianum 294 Cossus a Lord 103 Cossus a Legacy-monger 371 Cossus his Spolia Opima 291 Cotta vid. Aurelius Cotta Cotyto Goddess of the Baptists or Dippers 60 Crassus vid. M. P. Crassus Crates cryes out upon his Countrymen 259 Crepereius Pollio 321 Creticus surname to the house of Metellus 292 Crispinus Freedman to Nero 23. born at Canopus in Aegypt ib. Martial's Epigram upon his Cloak ib. his pride 4. his character 108.109 what he paid for a Mullet ib. the summe reduced to our money 119. Master of the Horse and Councellor to the Emperor 117 Crispus vid. Vibius Crispus Crocodile described 501 Craesus King of Lydia 378. his questions answered by Solon ib. condemned to be burned ib. his life pardoned 379. made a Privy-Councellor to K. Cyrus ib. Crowns given to Poets 245 Cumae a City built by a People of Asia 90. it gave the denomination to a Sibyl ib. Cupping-glasses 476 Curian Temperance 47 Curtius Montanus a huge fat Glutton 124 Cyane 300 Cybele why so called 53. her invention of the Taber Pipe and Cymball ib. stiled Mother of the Gods Rhea Pessinuntia ib. Magna Mater 193. Berecynthia ib. her love to Atis ib. Cydias a Trustee 445. put to his oath ib. equivocates but gains nothing by it ib. dyes miserably ib. Cynnamus the Barber 22. Martial's Epigram upon him ib. Barber to Juvenal 4.343 Cynthia Mistresse to Propertius 186 Cyrus K. of Persia takes Croesus prisoner 378. comes to see his execution ib. why he saved him 379. how he preferred him ib. Sentences in C. Fol. 12. vers 204. The plumed Combatant repents too late Fol. 41. verse 74. Censure acquits the Crow condemns the Dove Fol. 79. verse 150 A Client 's the least Losse in all the World Fol. 230. verse 75. 't is in vain To think one bosome can to Cares contain Fol. 279. verse 177. Each Crime is so conspicuously base As he that sins is great
that drew with perfect lines the aire of the face sweetning it with the hair and by the confession of Artists no Picture-drawer ever came neer him for giving of the last hand to a Piece Yet Timentes put him down in the drawing of Ajax but he had the better of Zeuxes For when Zeuxes had drawn a bunch of grapes so to the life that Birds flew to peck them Parrhasius painted a linnen Cloth so artificially that Zeuxes presuming no man could match his grapes proudly bid him take away the Cloth and shew him his Picture but when he found his errour he ingeniously gave Parrhasius the honour of the day for that he himself had only cozened the Birds but Parrasius had deceived an Artist Plin. lib. 35. cap. 10. Fab. lib. 12. Verse 130. Phidias A Statuary never equalled for carving in Ivory yet he was far better at making of Gods then Men Quintil. His Master-piece was the Ivory Statue of Minerva at Athens 39 cubits high in her Shield was the Battail of the Amazons and the Giants War in her Sandals the Fight between the Centaurs and the Lapiths The next to this was his Jupiter Olympius carved in one intire piece of Ivory then his Venus that stood at Rome in the Portico of Octavia Plin. l. 35. cap. 8. He made a Statue ten cubits high of Nemesis the Goddess of reward and punishment at Rhamnus a Town in Attica This Minerva as Antigonus describes her occasioned the Proverb Rhamnusia Nemesis she held in her hand the bough of an Applle-tree and in one of the folds Phidias ingraved the name of his beloved Schollar Agoracritus Parius Phidias was first a Painter and drew the Shield of Minerva at Athens Verse 130. Myron A famous Statuary especially for his Heifer a piece so carved to life that Poets have made it immortall See the Greek Epigrams and Ausonius and Propert. Verse 131. Polyclet A most incomparable Statuary See the Comment upon Sat. 3. Verse 132. Mentor An excellent Graver of Plate Plin. l. 12. c. 11. Mart. Vasaque Mentorea nobilitata manu And Vessels grav'd by Mentor's noble hand Crassus the Orator had two Goblets of Mentor's workmanship which cost him about 2500 French Crowns Plin. lib. 33. cap. 13. Verse 133. Antonius My Author having described the riches of the East before those parts were made Roman Provinces now names the Governors that inriched themselves with the spoil of those Countries wherewith they were intrusted by the State of Rome C. Antonius was banished for six years by the Censors the reason upon record was for that he had polled the Associates of Rome See Pedian and Strab. Verse 134. Dolabella Proconsul of Asia accused by M. Scaurus and condemned upon the Law de Repetundis Tacit. Verse 135. Verres Governour of Sicily accused by Cicero part of his charge was Dico te maximum pondus auri argenti c. I say thou hast exported an infinite of Gold Silver Ivory and Purple great store of Malta Vests great store of Bedding much Furniture of Delos many Corinthian Vessels a great quantity of Corn Wine and Hony Cicero presses this against him as theft but Juvenal calls it sacrilege because Verres in robbing the Associates of Rome robbed the Gods to whom the Romans ingaged for protection of their Friends and Allies See the Comment upon Sat. 2. Verse 141. Lares Houshold Gods Vid. the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 146. Oild Corinth A City of Achaia in the middle of the Peloponnesian Istthmus first called Ephire It was the noblest Town of Greece and standing commodiously between the Ionian and Aegaean Seas grew so potent as to hold competition with the City of Rome and so proud as to affront the Roman Embassadours and cast dirt upon them Strab. Hereupon the Senate decreed a war against the Corinthians as Violaters of the Law of Nations and sent an Army thither under the command of L. Mummius that besieged Corinth which could not prove a work of much difficulty the Inhabitants being strangely effeminate Venus was their Patroness in whose Temple two hundred Ladies of pleasure daily stood at Livery What men was this Town likely to train up but such as Juvenal describes that perfumed themselves with rich Oiles and Essences fitter to wear garlands then armes and to meet a Mistress in a bed then an Enemy in the field When Corinth was burnt by Mummius there was a confusion of rich mettals in the fire to the high advance of the Brass which ever after by way of excellence was called Corinthian Brasse Verse 146. Rhodes See the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 150. Illyrian Sea-men All the coast of the Adriatick Sea from Tergestum to the Ceraunian Mountains in the Confines of Epire are inhabited by the Illyrians Pomp. Mel. Dion Alex. These had a fair opportunity to make themselves good Sea-men Verse 150. Reapers The Aegyptians a description of whose fruitfull soil and vain People I have given you at large in Pliny's Panegyrick Verse 153. Marius Marius Priscus Proconsul of Africa how he rifled the wealth of that Province and his Accusation and mock-Sentence you read in the Comment upon Sat. 1. Verse 160. Sibyl's Leaf I know not whether Juvenal means the ordinary leaves of the Sibyl's Books or the extraordinary Palme-tree leaves wherein Sibylla Cumaea writ down her predictions but this I am sure of he prophecies as truly as any of the Sibyls of the revolt of the Africans from the Roman Empire for the Pressures and Taxes laid upon them by their covetous Governours Verse 166. Harpy The Harpyes were Daughters to the Earth and Sea Serv. That they may enjoy their Father and Mother they dwell in Islands These winged creatures have the eares of a Bear the body of a Vulture the face of a Woman and hands with crooked tallons instead of fingers Virgil names but three of them Aello Ocypete and Caeleno which last Homer calls Podarge and sayes that of her Zephyrus begat Achilles his horses Balius and Zanthus Hesiod takes notice only of two Aello and Ocypete Appollonius numbers them like Hesiod Erythraeus observes that no more but two Harpyes are carved in an ancient Basis at Venice and there at this day to be seen in Saint Martins Church Yet others reckon three and Homer a fourth viz. Thyella In hell they were called Dogs in heaven Furies and Birds in earth Harpyes When Phineus King of Arcadia perswaded by his Wife Harpalice had put out the eyes of his Sons he himself by a judgement from heaven was struck blind and haunted by the Harpyes that with their dung spoiled all the rich dishes at his Table In the passage of the Argonauts to Colchos Phineus treated Jason that moved with indignation at the horrid sight bestowed upon the King Zethus and Calais Sons to Boreas which having wings like the Harpyes should beat them out of his Dominions They did so and chased them into the Isles of Plotae not far from Zacynthus where they were admonished by Iris in Hesiod
called Sister to the Harpyes to leave their pursuite of Joves Dogs this very word frighted the Borean Brothers and from their retreat the Isles of Plotae were afterwards called Strophades Virg. The Harpyes were bloody Plunderers and Extorters of money Sidon lib. 5. Epist. 7. They were evil women Apulei See their mythology in Coel. lib. 27. Verse 199. Bring thy birth from Picus He would be of a very ancient House that could bring down his Pedegree from Picus King of Latium Son to Saturn Father to Faunus and Grand-father to King Latinus He was a mighty skilfull Augur Circe fell in love with him but he refused her marriage and took to wife the Nymph Carmentis which so vexed the Goddess-witch that she struck him with her magicall Rod and turned him into a bird of his own name a Magpie Some think this Fiction invented from his Augury because he was the first that divining by the flight of birds made use of the Magpie Ovid. Metam 14. Verse 168. Giants The Sons of Titan that fought and beat Saturn and were defeated by Jove See the beginning of the Comment upon Sat. 6 Verse 161. Prometheus See the Comment upon Sat. 4. Verse 184. French Fools-hood The Santons of Aquitane neer Tholouse in France wore hoods that are by Martial called Bardocuculli Fools-hoods It seems that which in the day time was the French Fashion proved the Roman Mode at night when the young Lords ashamed to be known went to their first Debauches Verse 186. Damasippus A profuse young Nobleman that as my Author tells us was first Consul of Rome then a Chariot-Jocky afterwards a common Drunkard and at last a Stage-player Verse 199. Epona Goddess of Stables Damasippus swore by her as long as he was able to keep Race-horses and so did the Grooms of his Stable it being the Roman Custome for Servants to swear by their Masters darling-Deity Sat. 2. And by his Master 's Juno his man swears Verse 201. Tavern-Revels Or Cook-shop Revels for in Juvenal's time Cooks Shops were the Roman Taverns Verse 202. Syrophoenix A Vintner or Cook a Mungrel born betwixt Syria and Phoenicia from whence he transports the Oyles and Essences that serve his Guests when they noint after bathing and perfume their Wines Sat. 6. When Falern Wine with foamy Essence sweats Verse 207. Cyane Wife to Syrophoenix Verse 216. Painted Tavern-linnen Stained Table-clothes brought out of Syrophoenix his Country Verse 217. Armenian War Nero made war in Armenia that rebelled against him by his Lievtenant Domitius Corbulo Tacit. Verse 218. Rhene Damasippus had youth and strength but that he wanted honour to have fought for defence of the Roman Empire which extended to the River Rhene and the Istrian Flood now called the Rhiine and the Danow Verse 220. Ostium Now Hostia the next Sea-port to Rome where the Roman Fleet lay at Anchor Verse 220. Cybel's Priest You cannot wonder that he should lie dead drunk when you read the Comment upon Sat. 2. Verse 231. Thy Land neer Luca. Luca is a City of Tuscia so named from Lucumo King of Hetruria Strab. lib. 5. This City flourished anciently with men of great worth and valour from whom the Romans had their military Orders Verse 240. Swift Lentulus Celer or Swift was a surname of the noble house of Lentulus Verse 240. Laureol A Slave condemned to be hanged for running away from his Master This Slave was personated or acted upon the Theater by a Lord one of the Lentuli fellow-Actor to the Lord Damasippus that played a part in Catullus his Comedy called the Phantasm another of the Company was a Mamercus one of the Aemylian Family descended as aforesaid from Mamercus Son to Pythagoras My Author observes that it was the more base in these Noblemen to be Stage-players because they were Volunteers not prest men as in Nero's time for then Lords durst not refuse to act upon a Stage when the example was shewed them by their Emperor but these young Noblemen by their Prodigality brought to Want for a poor Salary offered themselves to act upon Theaters both as Players to spend their lungs and as Fencers to put their lives in the power of the People Verse 255. Thymele Latinus his pretty Wife but though her Husband presented her to Heliodorus the grand Informer that old block of which Latinus himself was a chip yet when she was courted upon the Stage by the young Mamercan Lord that acted a Love-passion some thing too naturally Latinus was so bold as to give him a sound box of the ear which would make the common people laugh more then any jeast made by Corynth the Clown that is here called Corynth the dull Fool. Verse 260. Gracchus The Gladiator mentioned Sat. 2. In the Designe before which Satyr you see him in the Circus as a Retiarius or Net-bearer flying from the Secutor or Pursuer just as Juvenal describes them here Verse 274. Seneca See the Comment upon Sat. 5. Verse 274. Nero. The Emperor Nero Schollar to Seneca but no follower of his precepts For by his wicked actions Nero changed his gallant Proper name into a base Appellative so that we call every cruel Tyrant Nero but it seems he fell back from his first course as in his time the Rivers did from theirs Plin. lib. 2. cap. 203. He grew to such a height of villany that he spared not his own family but was to his Mother brother Wife and all his neerest relations a bloody Parracide Euseb. lib. 2. cap. 24. Hist. Eccl. For which my Author intimates that Nero deserves a thousand deaths and therefore it would be too milde a Sentence that should condemn him as a single Parracide to be sowed up in a Sack with a Dog Cock Viper and Ape and cast into the Sea perhaps lest his naked body should defile the Element of water that washes out the filth from other things read Senec. lib. 5. Controv. Digest lib. 48. ad Leg. Pomp. de Parracid Coel. Rhod. lib. 21 cap. 21. Cic. pro Sext. Rosc. In the next place my Author aggravates Nero's murder of his Mother comparing it with the very same Crime committed by Orestes but not with the same intention nor seconded with the like cruelties For first Orestes took himself to have a Commission from the Gods to kill his Mother in revenge of his Father murdered by her when he had drunk hard at the Feast she made to welcome him home after his ten years absence at the siege of Troy Homer agrees with Juvenal that of the Matricide committed by Orestes Jove was Author and sent Mercury to bid Aegysthus take heed of imbruing his hands in Agamemnon's blood for if he did Orestes should revenge it upon his Mother and Aegysthus Hom. Odyss Then Nero slew his Sister in Law Antonia but Orestes did not kill his Sister Electra nor his Wife Hermione as Nero killed his VVife Poppaea nor poysoned he his neerest relations as Nero poysoned his Brother Britannicus Nor did Orestes in his