Successor who being taken away by an untimely death did make Europus a little child his Heir At this time the Macedonians had daily wars with the Thracians and Illyrians by whose Armes being hardned as with a daily exercise they became a terror to their neighbours by the glory of their atchievements The Illyrians contemning the Infancy of their King did make war upon the Macedons who being overcome in the battel the little Infant their King was brought forth in his Cradle and placed in the front of their Army whereupon they renewed the encounter with greater violence for they were beaten they conceived before because in the fight they had not with them the auspicious presence of their King and should now overcome because out of a superstition they were possessed with a confidence that they should be Conquerors the compassion also on their Infant Prince did leave an impression on them whom if they were overcome they should make him of a King a Captive The battels therefore being joyned with a great slaughter they overthrew the Illyrians and made it apparent to their Enemies that in the former encounter the Macedons wanted not courage but a King Amyntas succeeded him famous by his own vertue but more renowned by the excellent endowments of Alexander his Son in whose nature the ornaments of all vertues were so extant that in the various exercisâ— of sports he contended at the Olympian Games In the mean time Darius King of the Persians being routed and making haste out of Scythia in a dishonourable flight least he should grow every-where contemptible by his loss he sent Megabazus with a part of his Army to subdue Thrace and the other Kingdoms adjacent to it in which number was Macedonia a place then accounted so poor that it was hardly worth looking after In obedience to the Kings command Megabazus not long after sent Ambassadors to Amyntas King of the Macedons demanding that pledges might be given to him as an earnest of the peace to come The Ambassadors being bountifully entertained in the height of the banquet and of wine required of Amyntas that to the magnificence of the Feast they would add the priviledges of Familiarity and send for their sons their wives and daughters which amongst the Persians is the pledge and assurance of entertainment Who when they came the Persians handling the Ladies with too petulant a wantonness Alexander the son of Amyntas desired his Father in respect of his age and gravity that he would be pleased to depart from the Feast promising that he would try the jests and frolicks of his Guests His father being gone he not long after called all the women from the Banquet in a pretence to dress them finer and to return them more acceptable to them In their places he brings in young men disguised in the apparrel of Matrons and commands them to chastise the wantonness of the Ambassadors with the swords which they carried under their garments And thus all of them being slain Megabazus being ignorant of the event and seeing they returned not did command Bubaris thither with a part of his Army onely as into a poor and easie war scorning to go himself least he should be dishonoured to make war in his own person with so contemptible a Nation But Bubaris before the war being inflamed with the love of the daughter of Amyntas instead of making wars did make a marriage and all hostility being layd aside he entred into the obligations of affinity After the departure of Bubaris from Macedonia Amyntas the King deceased to whose son and Successor Alexander the consanguinity with Bubaris not onely procured peace in the time of Darius but confirmed Xerxes to him insomuch that he endued him with the command of the whole Countrey between the Hills of Olympus and Haemus when like a Tempest he invaded Greece But Amyntas increased his Kingdom as well by his own valour as by the liberality of the Persians By order of succession the Kingdom of Macedonia came afterwards to Amyntas the son of his brother Menelaus he also was famous for his industry and accomplished with all royal vertues He begat three sons of his first wife Eurydice Alexander Perdicas and Philip the Father of Alexander the Great and a daughter called Euryone and on his second wife Cygaea Archelaus Aridaeus and Menelaus He made great war first with the Olynthians and afterwards with the Illyrians and had lost his life by the treason of his wife Eurydice who contracting a marriage with her son in-law had undertaken to kill her husband and to deliver the Kingdom unto her adulteror which had taken effect if her daughter had not betrayed the loosness of the Mother and the counsels of her wickedness The old man deliverd from so many dangers deceased the Kingdom being left to Alexander the eldest of his Sons Alexander in the beginning of his reign bought his peace of the Illyrians a sum of moneys being agreed upon and his Brother Philip being given them as a pledge in the process of time he made peace with the Thebans having given the same pledge unto them which conduced much to the growing fortunes of Philip by the advantage of his education for being three yeers a pledge at Thebes he received the first rudiments of his youth in a City of ancient severity and in the house of Epaminondas who was as great a Philosopher as a General Not long after Alexander being assaulted by the treason of his Mother Euridice was slain his Father had pardoned her before being guilty of contriving his death in relation to the children he had by her not thinking she would prove so pernicious unto them His brother Perdicas did also lose his life being killed by the treasonable plotting of his mother A most unworthy thing it was that the children should be deprived of their lives by their mother for her lust the consideration of whom had before protected her from the punishment due unto her for her wickedness This murther of Perdicas seemed the more grievous because the little son whom he left could not prevail upon her cruelty to take compassion of him Philip a long time did deport himself not as a King but as a Guardian to the Infant But when great wars did threaten the Kingdom and that the help would be too late in the expectation of the Infant he took upon him the Government of the Kingdom being compell'd unto it by the people In the beginning of his reign the hopes were great that were conceived of him both for his wit which promised him to prove a great man and for the ancient fates of Macedon which sang that one of the sons of Amyntas being King the state of that Kingdom should be most flourishing And this was the man who was preserved from the wickedness of his mother to make good the hopes of the people and to justifie the Oracle When on one side the most unworthy murder of his brothers on the other side the
multitude of his Enemies the fear of new treacheries the want occasioned by the continual wars and the Kingdom exhausted of Souldiers did much distract him and the wars of many Nations from several places did at one time conspire to oppress Macedonia because he could not answer them all at once he thought it expedient to dispence with some for a while he therefore upon an agreement did compound for a peace with some others he overcame with easie assaults by the conquest of whom he confirmed the doubtful minds of his Souldiers and took from himself the contempt of his Enemies His first war was with the Athenians who being overcome by an Ambuâ—cado he without money for fear of a greater war did permit them all to go safe away when it lay in his power to have put them all to the sword The war being afterwards carryed against the Illyrians he slew many thousands of his Enemies Afterwards he took the famous City of Larissaea from whence he unexpectedly advanced against the Thessalians not for the desire of prey but that he might add to his Army the strength of the Thessalian Cavalry by which means the body of their horse being joyn'd to his foot he made his Army invincible The event of these things answering his expectation with success he took to wife Olympias the daughter of Neoptolemus King of the Molossians her brothers son Arymbas who was her overseer and was then King of the Molossians did make the marriage having himself marryed Troas the sister of Olympias which was the cause of his destruction and the manifold calamities which afterwards fell upon him for whiles he hoped to make some additions to his Kingdom by the affinity of Philip being depriv'd by him of his own Kingdom he grew old in banishment These things being thus passed Philip being now not contented onely to remove wars did now provoke and challenge others Nations of his own accord As he was besieging Methona an arrow from the walls as he was passing by did put out his right eye for all which wound he became not the flower in the prosecution of the war nor was he made more angry by it against his Enemies who some days afterwards having supplicated for peace he did grant it to them and was not onely moderate but also merciful against the conquered THE EIGTH BOOK OF IVSTINE WHiles the Cities of Greece sought every one to enjoy they all lost the Soveraignty of Greece for restlessly running into mutual destruction they perished being overcome of all and not unless oppressed they found what every one did loose For Philip lying in wait in Macedonia as in a watch-Tower for the liberties of them all whiles he did foment their divisions by sending ayd to the weaker parties he made both the Conquerors and Conquered to undergo the yoak of servitude The Thebans were the cause and the beginning of this calamity who when they were masters of all and carrying their good fortune with too impotent a mind did publickly before a general Councel at Greece accuse the Lacedemonians and Phocensians as if before they had endured but small punishments for the slaughters and the rapines which they committed it was layd to the charge of the Lacedemonians that they had seized upon the Tower of Thebes in the time of truce and to the Phocensians that they had plundered Baeotia as if after Arms and War there were a place left for the Laws When the judgement was carryed according to the pleasure of the Conquerors they were condemned in a greater sum of money then they were able to pay Therefore the Phocensians when they were deprived of their wives and children and possessions in a desperate condition Philomelus being their Captain they seized upon the Temple of Apollo at Delphos and being angry with men they would be revenged of God being made rich with the gold and silver which there they found they made war upon the Thebans with a mercenary Army and though all abhorred this act of the Phocensians by reason of the sacriledge yet the Thebans contracted more envie by it by whom they were enforced to this necessity and both the Lacedemonians and Athenians sent ayd unto them In the first encounter Philomelus became master of the Camp and Tents of the Thebans but in the second battel he fell first of all fighting amongst the thickest of his Enemies and with the forfeit of his impious blood did answer for the crime of his sacriledge Onomerchus was made Captain in his place against whom the Thebans and Thessalians chose not a Captain of their own Citizens for fear of his domineering if he should prove Conqueror but Philip King of the Macedonians to be their General and of their own accord they did fall into that power and domination in another Commander which they feared in their own Philip therefore as if he was rather a revenger of the Sacriledge then of the Thebans commanded all his souldiers to weare wreaths of bayes on their brows and thus as if god was his conduct he advanced to the battel The Phocensians seeing the Ensigns of the God being affrighted with the consciousness of their offence throwing down their Arms did fly away and with great slaughter and bloodshed did expiate the violation of Religion It is incredible what glory this atchievement brought to Philip amongst all Nations Him they extoll'd as the vindicator of sacriledge the Revenger of Religion which the world with all its power was obliged to keep undefiled the onely man who was thought worthy to exact a Piacle for the sin committed to plunder God He next unto the gods was esteemed by whom the majesty of the gods was vindicated But the Athenians the event of the war being understood did seize upon the streits at Thermophyle to keep Philip from Greece as they did heretofore the Persians but not with the same courage nor the same cause for then they fought for the liberty of Greece now for publick sacriledge then to vindicate the Temples from the violent prophanation of the Enemies now to defend the violent Prophaners against the Vindicators of them and they deported themselves as defenders of that wickedness in which it was a shame to be Connivers being altogether unmindful that in the uncertainty of their affaires they had heretofore repaired to that god as to the Author of their Counsels and he being their conduct they had undertook so many wars and formerly erected so many Cities and obtained so great a Soveraignty both by Sea and Land and mannaged nothing either publick or private without the majesty of his divinity Who would imagine that wits adorned with all variety of learning and brought up under such excellent Laws and Institutions should commit so horrible an impiety that they had nothing left of which after it they might justly accuse the Barbarians But Philip observed no more faith himself towards his Associates for fearing least he should be overcome himself of his Enemies in the impiety
at all where or in what manner I shall fall and I shall by this means be delivered from the ignominy of death This if I shall obtain I will disoblige you all of the Oath by which you have so often devoted your selves unto me or if you are ashamed to lay violent hands upon me desiring it give me a sword and permit your General to do that for you without any Oath which you have so often sworn that you would act for your General When he could not obtain it of them he turned his entreaties into curses and in a great passion But you he said O devoted Heads may the gods the Revengers of perjury look down in judgements on you and give unto you such ends as you have given to your Generals It is you who have imbrued your guilty hands in the blood of Perdiccas It is you who attempted the murder of Antipater It is you which is the worst of all who would have killed Alexander himself if it were possible for him to have fallen by a mortal hand having so often tormented him with your seditions I now the last sacrifice of such perfidious wretches do fix these curses and imprecations on you May you live all your lives Vagabonds desolate in Tents and in banishment May your own Arms devour you by which you have destroyed more Captains of your own then of your enemies Being full of passion he commanded his keepers to go before to the Camp of Antigonus The Army followed having betrayed their General he himself a Captive did bring the triumph of himself to the Tents of his Conqueror They delivered all the Trophies all the Palms and Lawrels of King Alexander together with themselves unto the Conqueror and that nothing of the pomp might be wanting their Elephants and the Auxiliaries of the East did follow Much more honourable was this for Antigonus then so many Victories were for Alexander for though Alexander conquered the East Antigonus conquered those by whom the East was overcome Antigonus therefore divided amongst his Army these Conquerors of the World having restored all things to them which he took from them in the former victory After this he did set a Guard upon Eumenes being not admitted to come into his presence in respect of the familiarity of their former friendship In the mean time Eurydice the wife of Aridaeus the King of the Macedons as soon as she heard that Polypercon was returned out of Greece into Macedonia and that Olympias was sens for by him being possessed with a female emulation and abusing the weakness of her Husband whose Offices she challenged to her self she did write to Polypercon in the name of the King to deliver the Arms to Cassander to whom the King had transferred the administration of the Kingdom she sent also Letters to Antigonus to the same effect in Asia by which benefit Cassander being obliged did perform all things which the boldness of the Queen did prompt him to Having marched into Greece he made war there on many Cities by the destruction whereof the Spartans being affrighted as by a fire in a neighbours house distrusting to their arms they did enclose their City with a Wall contrary to the answer of the Oracles and the ancient glory of their Predecessors whose honourable custom alwayes it was to defend it with their arms and not with their Walls So much they degenerated from their Ancestors that when for many yeers the wall of their City was the vertue and the valour of their Citizens they now conceived they could not be safe unless they lay hâ—d under the protection of a Wall Whiles these things were thus mannaged the troubled Estate of Macedonia did call back Cassander out of Greece for Olympias the Mother of Alexander the Great being come from Epirus towards Macedonia Aeacidas the King of the Molossi following her she was forbidden by Eurydice and King Aridaeus to enter into the Confines of that Kingdom which so incensed the Macedons both in the regard of the memory of her Husband the greatness of her Son and the indignity of the act that they all sided with Olympias by whose command both Eurydice and King Aridaeus were both slain having raigned six yeers after the decease of Alexander But Olympias enjoyed not the Kingdom long afterwards for having committed many great slaughters of the Princes after a womanish rather then a manly way she turned the love of her Subjects into hatred Therefore having heard of the approach of Cassander distrusting to the Macedons she fled with Roxane her daughter-in-law and Hercules her grand-child into the City of Pictua In her journey Dardamia the daughter of King Aeacidas and Thessalonice her kinswoman being also famous her self by the name of Philip her Father and many other Ladies of royal blood a gallant rather then a profitable company did attend her When Cassander was informed of it in a swift match he came to Pictua and layd a close siege unto the City Which when it was oppressed with the sword and famine Olympias being no longer able to endure the tediousness of the siege having Articles for her life did deliver her self to the Conqueror But Cassander having called the people to an Assembly to understand what they would have done in relation to Olympias he suborned the Parents and kindred of the noble men whom she had put to death who having put on mourning habits did accuse the cruelty of the woman by whom the Macedons were so much instigated that without any respect to her former Majesty they did decree that she should be put to death being altogether unmindful that by her Son and Husband they not onely enjoyed their lives with safety amongst their neighbours but also became masters of such great wealth as also of the Empire of the world But Olympias when she beheld the armed men to come resolutely towards her being cloathed in royal habiliaments and leaning on her two Maids she did go to meet them The Executioners beholding her were amazed and stood still startled at the Majesty of her presence and the names of so many of their Kings which came at once into their memory At the last they were commanded by Cassander to run her through with a sword she drew not back from the sword nor at the thrust that was made nor gave any shrike like a woman but submitted unto death after the manner of valiant men and for the glory of her antient family insomuch that you might have seen Alexander again in his dying mother Moreover she covered her face with her hair and the neither parts of her body with her garments that nothing unseemly might be discovered After this Cassender did take to wife Thessalonice the daughter of King Aridaeus and sent the Son of Alexander with the Mother to be kept prisoners in the Tower of Amphipolis THE Fifteenth BOOK OF IVSTINE PErdiccas and his brother Alcetas Eumenes and Polypercon and divers Captains of the other party being slain
Amongst these complaints all the Court resounded with the lamentations of the Standers to behold this so sad a departure at length the necessity of their Journey did impose an end to their tears and the death of the King did follow his travelling Family Whiles these things were in agitation the Carthaginians understanding how the affairs were carryed in Sicily conceiving that an occasion was offered to them to become Masters of the whole Iland they passed thither with a great Army and subdued many Cities At the same time Pyrrhus made war against the Romans and being desired by the Sicilians to assist them as hath been mentioned heretofore when he came to Syracusae and had there conquered many places he was called as well King of Sicily as of Epirus In which felicity rejoycing he bestowed on his Son Helenus whom he begat on the daughter of Agathocles the Kingdom of Sicily as discending to him by the priviledge of Inheritance and gave to his Son Alexander the Kingdom of Italy After this he made many prosperous battels with the Carthaginians In the process of time there came Ambassadors from his Confederates in Italy reporting that they could not resist the Romans and that they must surrender all unto them unless they were relieved with sudden supplies Being perplexed with this doubtful danger and uncertain what to determine or whom first to assist he providently consulted for the safefy of both For the Carthaginians pressing him on this side and the Romans on the other it appeared dangerous unto him not to transport his Army into Italy but far more dangerous to abandon Sicily least that the one should not appear forsaken nor the other lost for the want of Recruits In this tempest of growing dangers the safest haven of Counsels did appear to fight it out in Sicily with all the powers he could make and the Carthaginians being beaten to carry his conquering Army into Italy The battels therefore being joyned although he overcame his Enemies yet because he withdrew his Army from Sicily he was interpreted to be overcome and his Confederates revolting from him he lost speedily the Kingdom of Sicily as he easily did obtain it But having found no better fortune in Italy he returned into Epirus His fortune in both these places was as admirable as exemplar For as before in his prosperity the happiness of his affairs flowing above and beyond his desires he added the command of Italy to Sicily and grew glorious by many victories against the Romans â—so now in his adversity his Fortune having destroyed what she had builded and made him an example of humane frailty she added to the loss of Sicily the ruine of his Navie at Sea and the disgraceful battel against the Romans and his dishonourable departure from Italy After his departure from Sicily also Hiero was made chief Magistrate whose moderation was so great that with the approbation of all the Citizens he was created General against the Carthaginians and not long afterwards King His infant Education was a Prophetess of his future Majesty for he was the Son of Hieroclytus a noble man who derived his original from Gelus an antient Tyrant of Sicily but his birth on the Mothers side was sordidly ignominious For he was begotten on a Mayd-servant who was his mother and therefore it was commanded by his Father that he should be exposed as the disgrace and dishonour of his Family But the Bees having layd honey round about him where he was left did nourish him being very young and wanting all humane comfort for many days by reason of which his Father being admonished by the South sayers who persaged in their songs that the Kingdom was portended to him did cause him to be brought home and with all his care and endeavor did instruct and bring up to that hope of Majesty which was promised being but a boy at Shool amongst his companions a Wolf suddenly appearing took his book from him and being a young man and learning his first rudiments in the art of war an Eagle pearched on his buckler and on Owl on his Spear which did presage that he should be wary in Counsel high in courage and be crown'd a King at last He often fought with those that challenged him and always returned a Conqueror he was rewarded by King Pyrrhus with many Military gifts he was as admirable for his strength as for the beauty of his body pleasing in discourse just in employment moderate in command and nothing could be seen that was wanting in him of a King but the Kingdom only THE Four and twentieth BOOK OF IVSTINE WHile these things were thus managed in Sicily King Ptolomy sirnamed Ceraunicus and Antiochus and Antigonus dissenting in Greece and makeing war amongst themselves almost all the Cities of Greece being encouraged by it as if an occasion were offered them to recover their liberty did send to one another and by their Ambassadors having obliged themselves into a league of friendship they did break forth into an apparent war that they might not seem to make war with Antigonus they assaulted the Aetolians his Confederates pretending that the cause of the war was because they had by force possessed themselves of the Cyrean Fields which by the consent of all Greece were dedicated to Apollo To this war they made choyce of Aras for their General who with a prepared Army did spoyl both the Cities and wrecks of Corn which was layd up in those Fields and what they could not take they did set on fire Which when the Aetolian Shepherds beheld from the tops of the Mountains having drawn themselves together into a body of five hundred they pursued their scattered Enemies not knowing how numerous they were because the amazement of the sudden assault and the smoak of the fire had taken from them the full discovery of their Enemies and having killed nine thousand of them they put the residue to fight After this the Spartans beginning the war again many of the Cities denyed them ayd conceiving that they sought not after liberty but the soveraign command of Greece In the mean time the wars amongst the Kings were ended for Ptolomy having beaten away Antigonus and possessed himself of the Kingdom of all Macedonia did make peace with Antiochus and joyned in affinity with Pyrrhus his daughter being given to him in marriage and being safe from all fear of a forraign Enemy he turned his unrighteous minde to commit domestick wickedness and by treachery prepared the destruction of Arsinoe his sister that he might both deprive her Sons of life and her self of the possession of the City of Cassandria His first artifice was by dissembling his love to convert his sister in the way of marriage for he could not otherwise then by the pretence of love finde access to the Sons of his sister whose Kingdom he would enjoy But this wicked design of Ptolomy was made known unto her but he did send her word not giving any belief
fear into a fury hoping that the threatnings and the anger of the gods could be expiated by the slaughter of their Families they killed their wives and children beginning the auspications of the war with such a detestable Parricide So great was the barbarousness of their savage minds that they did not forbear their Infants and the tenderness of that age which even their Enemies would have spared but made a naâ—alitious and an intrinsick war with their own bowels their children and with the mothers of their children for whom others are accustomed to undertake wars Therefore as if they had redeemed the Victory and their lives by the barbarous cruelty bloody as they were from the streaming murthers of their wives and children they joyned in battel with their Enemies with no better event then the auspication promised for fighting the furies of their own consciences did surround them before their Enemies and the Ghosts of those whom they had murdered ptesenting themselves alwayes before their eyes they fell upon a final desolation So great was the slaughter that the gods did seem to have combined with men for their utter destruction After the event of this battel Ptolomy and the Lacedemonians declining the conquering Army of Antigonus did retreat into more safe places Antigonus when he perceived that they were departed the courage of his Souldiers being flushed with the former Victory did make war upon the Athenians In which when he was engaged Alexander King of Epirus desiring to revenge his Fathers death did plunder the borders of Macedonia against whom when Antigonus marched being returned out of Greece he was forsaken by his Souldiers who revolted from him and did lose with his Army the Kingdom of Macedonia His Son Demetrius being in his minority having leavied a new Army in his Fathers absence did not only recover Macedonia that was lost but dis-invested Alexander of his Kingdom of Epirus So great was the inconstancy of the Souldiers or the variety of Fortune that Kings were even now but banished men and by and by they were Kings again Alexander when he fled as a banished man into Arcadia was not long after restored into his Kingdoms with as great an applause of the Epirots as with the help of their Confederats At that time Agas King of the Cyrenians dyed who before his sickness to compose all strifes with his brother Ptolomy had espoused his onely daughter Beronioe to his Son But after the death of King Antigonus Arsinoe the Mother of the young Lady that she might dissolve the marriage contracted without her consent did send for Demetrius the brother of King Antigonus from Macedonia not onely to the marriage of Beronice but to the Kingdom of Cyrene Demetrius being born himself of the daughter of Ptolomy made not the least delay but having a fore-wind to his own desires arrived suddenly at Cyrene and by the confidence of the comeliness of his personage endevouring to endeer himself to his Mother-in-law Arsinoe he began to deport himself very proudly to the royal Family and to domineer over the Souldiery and to translate his affections and his Courtship from the daughter to the mother which was first discovered by the daughter and afterwards abominated both by the people and the Souldiers Therefore all of them having changed their affections a plot was laid for Demetrius to whom Executioners were sent being in bed with his Mother-in-law But Arsinoe having heard the voyce of her daughter standing at the door and giving order to spare her Mother did for a while with her own body protect the adulterer who being slain Beronice with the preservation of her piety revenged the incontinency of her Mother and in the choyce of her husband did follow the judgement of her Father THE Seven and twentieth BOOK OF IVSTINE ANtiochus King of Syria being dead when Seleucus his Son succeeded in his place he began his raign with Parricide his mother perswading him to it who ought to have deterred him from it for he killed his Stepmother Beronice with his little brother begotten on her Which horrible crime being committed he was not onely tainted with Infamy but withall he involved himself in a war with Ptolomy Moreover Beronice when she understood that Executioners were sent to take away her life she shut up her self in her Fathers Daphne where when it was reported to the Cities of Asia that she was besieged with her little child they calling to their minds the dignity of her Father and of her Ancestors and prompted to compassion at the indignity of her Fortune they all sent ayd unto her Her brother Ptolomy being also startled at the danger of his sister having left his own Kingdom did advance to her relief with all the speed that could be But before the arrival of any ayd Beronice when she could not be taken by force was killed by treachery It was conceived by all to be a subject most worthy of lamentation Therefore when all the Cities who had revolted from her had provided a very great Fleet being amazed at this example of horrid cruelty they did offer themselves and their ships to Ptolomy who if he had not been called back into Aegypt by some intestine sedition had possessed himself of all the Kingdom of Seleucus This parricidial guilt had brought upon him so much hatred or the unworthy death of his sister had purchased to Ptolomyes much affection After the death of Ptolomy when Seleucus had set forth a great Navie against the Cities which revolted immediately a great tempest arising as if the gods themselves would revenge this parâ—icide he lost them all by Tempest neither had he any thing left of so great a preparation but his naked body some few Companions of his shipwrack whom Fortune had preserved alive A lamentable thing it was and yet acceptable to him for the Cities which in hatred of him had revolted to Seleucus as if the gods were satisfied in his punishment themselves being the Arbitrators by a sudden change of their minde being touched with compassion for his shipwrack they did restore themselves unto the Authority of his command Rejoycing therefore in his calamity and made more rich by loss he made war upon Ptolomy conceiving himself now equal in strength unto him But as if he was born to be the sport of fortune and had onely received his Kingdom again but to lose it again being various in battel and not much more accompanied then after his shipwrark he sled in great fear to Antiochia from whence he sent Letters to his Brother Antiochus in which he did implore his ayd and in recompence thereof did offer to him all that part of Asia which lyeth on the bounds of the Hill Taurus Antiochus being but fourteen years of age and greedy of Soveraignty above his years took hold of the occasion but not with that pious minde as it was offered but desiring like an Oppressor to force all from his brother he armed himself being but a boy
with a wicked but a manly boldness from his ravenous disposition he was called Hierax because in snatching away the goods from other men he followed not the life of a man but of a Bird of prey In the mean time Ptolomy when he understood that King Antiochus did advance to the ayd and help of Selencus made peace with Seleucus for ten years that he might not fight at once against two But peace being granted by the Enemy it was reversed by the Brother who having drawn unto him a mercenary Army of the Gauls in the stead of a Brother did render himself an Enemy In that war by the prowess of the Gauls Antiochus was Conqueror but the Gauls believing that Seleucus was slain in the battel did turn their swords against Antiochus himself believing they should plunder Asia with more freedom if they had destroyed all the Royal Progeny Which when Antiochus perceived he ransomed himself from them as from high-way men with gold and not long after entred into a league with his own mercenaries In the mean time Eumenes King of Bythinia his Brothers being dispersed and consumed with civil discords being as it were to invade the uncertain possession of Asia assaulted the Gauls and the Conqueror Antiochus at once who being weary c. many of them wounded in the former encounter it was not difficult for him to overcome them In that time all the wars were designed for the destruction of Asia and as one was more powerful then another he always seized upon Asia as a prey The two Brothers Seleucus and Antiochus did wage war for Asia Ptolomy King of Aegypt in pretence to revenge his sister did also greedily covet the Empire of Asia on this side Eumenes of Bythinia on the other side the Gauls being always a mercenary Army did make a prey of Asia and amongst so manythere was no man found to be a Defender of it Antiochus being overcome when Eumenes had possessed the greatest part thereof the two Brothers the booty being lost for which they made war could not yet agree amongst themselves but the forraign Enemy being neglected they did drive on a war for the mutual destruction of themselves In which Antiochus being overcome the second time and wearyed with flying which continued many dayes he at last directed his course to Artamenes his Father-in-law who was King of Cappodocia He having nobly entertained him at first did not long after contrive to take away his life by treachery which Antiochus having understood did provide for his safety by flight And when wandring up and down he could finde no place in which he might reside with safety he repaired to Ptolomy his Enemy conceiving his assurance to be more safe then his Brothers being either conscious what he intended to him or what he had deserved of him But Ptolomy being not to be reconciled to him did command him to be kept in close imprisonment from whence by the endeavors of a woman whom familiarly he knew he made an escape having deceived his Keepers and flying away he was seized upon and killed by Thieves Much at the same time Seleucus having lost his Kingdom being thrown from his horse did lose his life and thus these two brothers being Brothers also in banishment after the loss of their Kingdoms did suffer the punishment of their transgressions THE Eight and twentieth BOOK OF IVSTINE OLympias the Daughter of Pyrrhus King of Epirus having lost Alexander her husband who was also her Brother when she took upon her self the guardianship of her two Sons Pyrrhus and Ptolomy begotten by him and the Government also of the Kingdom the Aetolians attempting to force from her part of Acarnania which her husband had purchased with his sword she addressed her self to Demetrius King of Macedonia who having before espoused the sister of Antiochus King of Syria she delivered him her own Daughter Phytia in marriage also that so by the right of consanguinity she might obtain that assistance which she could not procure by Compassion The Nuptials therefore were solemnized by which the favour of the new marriage was confirmed and the offence for giving distast to the old was contracted But the first wife as if she had been divorced did of her own accord depart to her Brother Antiochus and did by importunitie inforce him to make war upon her husband The Arcanians also distrusting the Epirots did implore ayd of the Romans against the Aetolians and obtained of the Senate of Rome that Ambassadours should be sent who should command the Aetolians to withdraw their Garrisons from the Cities of Arcania and permit those to be free who onely heretofore refused to ayd the Grecians against the Trojans the Authors of their Original But the Aetolians returned a proud answer to the Ambassadors of Rome upbraiding them with the Carthaginians and the Gauls by whom they were oppressed with so many wars and so often absolutely overcome they told them that they must first open their Gates to fight against the Carthaginians which the fear of the Punick war had shut before they could translate their Army into Greece They desired them also to call to minde who they were whom they threatned the Romans they said could not defend their own Citie against the Gauls and it being taken they did not rescue it by the sword but redeemed it with Gold which Nation having invaded Greece with a far greater number they without any Auxiliaries received from strangers or from their own Country-men did totally overthrow and gave them that seat for their Sepulchers which they propounded to themselves for their Armies and their Empire On the other side the Romans trembling at the burning of their City did give the leisure to the Gauls to possess themselvs of almost all Italy They declared that the Gauls were first to be beaten out of Italy before they should impose any command upon the Aetolians and that they should first defend their own before they should undertake to protect the interests of others proceeded further in disdainful Interrogatories and what men are these Romans Shepherds who by robbery detained the Lands from their right Master who through the infamy of their discent could not provide themselves with Wives unless they took them by violence who erected their City by parricide and mingled the matter of the foundation with brothers blood They declared that the Aetolians were always Princes of Greece and exceeded others as much in dignity as in valor They were the onely men who always despised the Macedonians flourishing with the command and Soveraignty of the World who feared not King Philip who contemned the Edicts of Alexander the Great after his conquest of the Persians and the Indians when the world trembled under his Laws They therefore admonished the Romans to be contented with their present fortune nor provoke those Armies by whom they saw the Gauls were overthrown and the Macedons made contemptible And having thus dismissed the Roman Ambassadors that they might not
fathers side from Cyrus and Darius the founders of the Persian Empire and on his mothers side from Alexander the great and Nicanor Seleucus the Erectors of the Macedonian Empire or if he should compare his people to theirs they were of those Nations who are not onely equal to the Roman Empire but opposed the Macedonian no Nation that is subject unto him did ever stoop to the commands of a forreign Potentate and obeyed none but their own Domestick Kings would they have him to make mention of Cappadocia or Paphlagonia of Pontus or Bithynia or of Armenia the greater or the less none of which Nations neither Alexander the great who subdued all Asia nor any of his Successors or Posteritie ever touched As for Scythia it is true indeed that two Kings before him adventured not so much to subdue as to invade it Darius by name and Philip who had much to do to escape from thence by flight from whence he shall receive the greatest part of his strength against the Romans He affirmed he undertook the Pontick wars with far more fear and diffidence then this he being then but a young man and unexperienced in the Discipline of war The Scythians howsoever then his enemies besides their Arms and courage of their minds were fortified with the solitude and inhospitable coldness of their climate by which their great labor in war and their contempt of dangers was the more declared amongst which difficulties there could not be any hope of reward expected from a wandring enemie and destitute not onely of money but of habitations but he now undertook another waie of war for there is no climate more temperate then the Air of Asia nor any place more fruitful of soyl nor more pleasant in the multitude of Cities and they should consume the greatest part of their time not as it were in war but in keeping of holy-daies and it is hard to say in a service more easie or more aboundant whether they are to march to the neighboring possessions of the Attalick Kingdoms or to the antient Cities of Lydia Jonia which they should not go to overcome but to possess And Asia it self desirous of his approach doth so much expect him that she seemeth even to court his presence and to call upon him with her voice so hateful had the Romans made themselves unto her by the ravenous avarice of their Proconsuls the exactions of their Publicans and the calumnie of their contentions Let them therefore he concluded follow him with resolution and collect to themselves what so great an Armie might atchieve under his command whom without the aide of any Souldier they saw with his own strength to have taken in Cappadocia and to have slain the King thereof who the first of all mankinde subdued Pontus and all Scythia which no man before him could with safetie pass by much less invade Nor could his Souldiers be ignorant he said of his Justice and liberalitie having those demonstrations of it that alone of all Kings he possessed not onely his Fathers Kingdoms but had added other Kingdoms to them by reason of his munificence as Colchos Paphlagonia and Bospâ—orus Having with this Oration excited his Souldiers in the three and thirtieth year of his Reign he descended to the wars with Rome At the same time King Ptolomy being dead in Egypt his Kingdom and his sister Queen Cleopatra who was his wife also was by Embassadors presented to that Ptolomy who was King of Cyrene At which Ptolomy much rejoyced but especially that without contestation he should be possessed in his Brothers Kingdom to which he knew that the Son of his Brother was appointed both by his mother Cleopatra and by the favor of the Princes Not long after all being displeased with him he no sooner entred into Alexandria and commanded all the favourers of the young childe to be put to death and on that very day in which he married his mother he killed the young Prince in the mothers imbraces of him in the midst of the Banquet and the solemnitie of this marriage and thus he ascended his sisters bed bloodie with the slaughter of her Son Afterwards he was not more milde unto the people who called him unto the succession of the Kingdom for licentiousness being given to the forreign Souldiers all things did daily flow with blood and at last having by force ravished her daughter and taken her afterwards into marriage he divorced himself from his sister With which crueltie the people being affrighted they stole away into several places and having wilfully banished themselves they forsook their Country for the fear of death Ptolomy therefore with his own servants being left alone in so great a City when he perceived himself to be a King not of men but of empty houses did publish a declaration solliciting all Strangers to inhabit the City who coming in great numbers to him he not long after did go himself to meet Scipio Africanus Spurius Mummius and Lucius Metellus the Ambassadors of the Romans who made a visitation into those parts to observe the condition and kingdoms of their Confederates But he appeared as ridiculous to the Romans as bloody to all the Citizens for he was deformed in countenance and short in stature and by the obeseness of his strutting belly more like unto a Beast then to a man which filthiness his tiffanies and light garments which he had on did encrease as if those parts offered themselves to be seen as through a vail which Modesty commands us with diligence to conceal After the departure of the Ambassadors amongst whom while Africanus walked forth to behold the City he became a spectacle of honor himself to the Alexandrians Ptolomy being hated by the Strangers also that were become Citizens did silently for fear of treachery depart into banishment having taken with him his son which he had begotten on his sister and his new wife whom he had married having put away her mother and having with money contracted a mercenary army be made war at once on his Sister and his Country After this having sent for his eldest son from Cyrene that the Alexandrians should not make him their King against him he put him to death whereupon the people pulled down his Statues and Images which he conceiving to be done in favour of his Sister he slow that Son also whom he begot on her and having divided his Body into several parts and put it into a Coffin he sent it to his Mother on that day whereon she made yeerly a great feast for the solemnity of his Birth which was a sight not only grievous and much lamented by the Mother but by all the City also and brought so much grief in the height of all their mirth at the banket that all the Court was filled with a great and a suddain lamentation The Inclinations of the Princes being therefore turned from feasting into mourning they shewed to the people the dismembred body of the young Prince
of the Conqueror but to plead for her besides the Laws of war there was also the contiguitie of blood she being her own sister against whom so bloodily she raged and his own cosen German and the mother of children betwixt them to this neer relation of consanguinitie he added the superstition of the Temple to which she fled to protect her self and that the gods were so much the more religiously to be worshipped as they were more propitious and favourable to him in his conquest besides she being slain nothing was diminished of the strength and power of Cyricaenus But by how much Gryphus was the more unwilling by so much her sister was inflamed with a female pertinatiousness conceiving those words of his proceeded from love and not from pittie Therefore having called the Souldiers to her she sent them her self to kill her sister who entering into the Temple when they could not drag her out of it they cut off her hands holding fast on the Image of the goddess and in her last words having cursed the Author of the Parricide the gods besides being violated she died but to revenge her self for not long after another battaile being fought and Cyricaenus Conquerour he took Gryphina the wife of Gryphus prisoner who killed her sister and by her death did parentate to the Ghosts of his wife But Cleopatra in Egypt when she was offended that her Son Ptolomy was her companion in the Kingdom she excited the people against him and having taken from him his Wife Seleuce and so much the more unworthily because he had two children by her she compelled him to live a banished life having sent for her younger Son Alexander and crowned him King in the place of his Brother and being not content to have banished him out of the Kingdom she prosecuted a War against him in Cyprus and having driven him from thence also she killed the General of her own Army because he permitted him to escape alive out of his hands although Ptolomy being no wayes inferior to him in strength did willingly depart out of the Iland that he might not be engaged in a War against his own Mother Alexander being terrified with this cruelty of his Mother did also himself forsake her preferring a safe and quiet life above a dangerous Kingdom But Cleopatra fearing that her eldest Son Ptolomy should be assisted by Cyricaenus to be by him restored into Egypt did send great Ayds to Gryphus and Seleuce to be his wife who must now be espoused to the Enemy of her former husband and by Ambassadors called back Alexander her Son into the Kingdom whose life when by treachery she contrived to take away being prevented by him she was killed herself and yielded up her spirit not by fate but parricide Worthy she was of this infamy of death who drove her own Mother from the bed of her husband and possessed her room in it and successively made her two Daughters Widows after their alternate marriage with their own Brothers who banished one of them afterwards made war against him and having taken the Kingdom also from the other did endeavor to put him to death by treachery But Alexander had the leisure to repent of this horrible act for when ever it was known that the Mother was slain by the violence of the Son he was forced into banishment by the people and Ptolomy being called back the Kingdom was restored to him who would neither make War with his Mother nor take away by Arms from his brother what he himself did first possess Whiles these things were thus carryed his brother begotten on a Concubine to whom his Father in his Will did leave the Kingdom of Cyrene did decease having made the people of Rome his Heir for now the fortune of Rome being not content with the bounds of Italy did begin to extend it self to the Kingdoms of the East Therefore that part of Lybia was made a Province and afterwards Crete and Cilicia being subdued in the Piratick War were reduced into the form of a Province by which meanes the Kingdoms of Syria and Egypt being streightned by the Roman neighbourhood and accustomed heretofore to raise advantages to themselves by Wars with those who were next unto them the power of wandring abroad being taken away they turned their own strength into their own bowels insomuch that consuming themselves with daily encounters they grew into contempt with their neighbors and became a prey to the Nation of the Arabians but weak and contemptible before whose King Herotimus in the confidence of six hundred Sons begotten on divers Concubines with divided Armies did sometimes invade and plunder Egypt and sometimes Syria and advanced the name of the Arabians making it great by the weakness of the neighbouring Princes THE Fortyeth BOOK OF IVSTINE THe mutual hatreds of the Brothers and not long afterwards the enmity of the Sons succeeding the hatred of their Parents when both the Kings and Kingdom of Syria was consumed by an inexpiable War the people were enforced to seek forraign Ayd and began to look upon the Kings that were strangers to them Therefore when one part of them were of opinion that Mithridates should be sent for out of Pontus and another part thought that Ptolomy should be sent for out of Egypt it being advertised that Mithridates was involved in the Roman War and that Ptolomy was an Enemy unto Syria they all agreed upon Tigranes King of Armenia who was supplyed besides his own strength with the Society of the Parthians and the affinity of Mithridates Tigranes being therefore sent for into the Kingdom of Syria for the space of eighteen years most peaceably enjoyed the Kingdom neither did he provoke any by War neither being provoked did he conceive it necessary to make war against any other But as Syria was safe from the in vasion of Enemies so it was made desolate by an Earthquake in which one hundred and seventy thousand persons and many Cities were destroyed The South-sayers being consulted did make answer that this Prodigie did portend the change of affairs in the Kingdoms of the East Tigranes therefore being overcome by Lucullus Antiochus the Son of Cyricaenus was made King of Syria by him But what Lucullus gave Pompey afterwards did take away for he demanding the Kingdom of him he made answer That he would not make him King of Syria either desiring or refusing it having for the space of eighteen years during which Tigranes possessed Syria dishonourably concealed himself in a corner of Cilicia but Tigranes being overcome he now desired of the Romans the reward of another mans labour Therefore as he did not dispossess him of the Kingdom when he had it so because he gave way to Tigranes he would not grant him that which he could not defend least he should render Syria again obnoxious to the robberies of the Arabians and the Jewes He therefore reduced it into the form of a Province and thus by the discord of the
he was to fight with Constantine having made a Bridge with Boats a little above the Bridge Milvius making haste on horse-back to secure the Bridge did fall with his horse into the River and there perished and through the weight of his Armor did sink so deep into the mud that his body could hardly be found again Maximianus dyed a natural death at Tarsus Valens was put to death by Licinius Having thus acquainted you with the manner of their deaths I will now give you a Character of their dispositions Herculeus Maximianus was by nature cruel vehemently addicted to lust and foolish in Counsel of ordinary Parentage being born in the wilde parts of Pannonia There is a place not far from Syrmius where now standeth a Palace wherein the Parents of Herculeus did follow mercenary labour He dyed in the sixtyeth year of his age having governed the Empire twenty year He begot upon Eutropia the Syrian woman Maxentius and Fausta the wife of Constantine to whose Father Constantius he gave his step-Step-daughter Theodora But some affirm that Maxentius by the imposture of the wife of Maximianus was brought from another place because she knew that it would be most acceptable to her Husband to have a Son whereas indeed he was not the Son of Maximianus Howsoevet it was Maximianus himself was never beloved of any neither of his own Father nor of his Father-in-Law Galerius Galerius Armentarius GAlerius although rude and unexperienced in the way of Justice was a man otherwise commendable enough he was well made of body an excellent and a successful Souldier His parents were Country people and keepers of Heards from whence he had his name Armentarius He was born in Ducia and there buryed the place where he was buryed he called Romulus after the name of his Mother Romula He would insolently affirm that his Mother mingled with a Dragon when she conceived him as did Olympias the Mother of Alexander the Great Galerius Maximinus GAlerius Maximinus was the Son of the Sister of Armentarius and before he was made Emperor he was called Daza He was Caesar four years and called Augustus three years in the East By his birth and education he was a Pastoral man but a great lover of wise and learned men of a quiet disposition but much inclined to wine in the excess whereof he commanded many unlawful things of which afterwards he repented and gave a charge to all his followers that they should not execute his desires except he was sober or gave them a commandment in the morning Alexander ALexander was by birth a Phrygian fearful in his disposition and by reason of his old Age not fit to endure labour so that all these whom last of all I have named being destroyed some one way and some another the Imperial Rights descended to Constantinus and Licinius Constantinus COnstantinus the Son of the Emperor Constantius of Helena raigned thirty years He being but a youth the more religiously to observe the agreement made was a pledge to Galerius in the City of Rome from whence he made an escape and to save himself from those who did pursue him he killed all the horses and the beasts he did meet with to block up the way and came safe to his Father in Brittany who at that time was a dying man After his death by the consent of all his friends that were present and especially of Erocus King of the Alemans who with Auxiliarie Souldiers did assist his Father Constantius and accompany him in his wars he did possess himself of the Empire at Millain and married his Sister Constantia to Licinius and made his Sons Crispus born of his Concubine Minervina and his Son Constantius born much at the same time and Licinius the Son of Licinius being but twenty Moneths of age Caesars But as Empires do hardly continue in concord so there arose dissentions betwixt Constantine and Licinius and first of all Constantine did fall upon the Army of Licinius at Cibalae near to the Lake Hiulca taking the advantage of the time of night whereupon Licinius did flie unto Bizantium where he created Martianus Caesar Constantine having reinforced his Army constrained Licinius at Bythinia to surrender to him by the hands of his wife the Imperial Robes upon condition to have only his own life saved Not long afterwards he was sent to Thessalonica where both he and Martinianus were strangled Licinius was threescoce years of Age and raigned fourteen years he was extreamly covetous much addicted unto lust sharp of apprehension and not a little impatient he was a great Enemy to learning especially to the pleadings at the Bar calling learning through his ignorance a poyson and a publick plague he was well affected to husbandry and to the silly people in the Country because among such he had his Education he was a great observer of Martial Discipline and most supestitious in the Institution of former Ages A great suppressor he was of Eunuchs and Courtiers calling them the Moths and Rats of the Palace Constantine having possessed himself of the whole Empire being as successful in his Government at home as in he wars abroad did as it is thought by the â—nstigation of his wife Fausta put his Son Crispus to death And afterwards being much condemned for it by his Mother he caused his wife Fausta to be thrown into a Bath of scalding water where she miserably dyed He was himself most immoderately desirous of prayse and finding the name of Trajan to be written upon the Walls of many of the Palaces he called him a Wall-flower he builded a Bridge over the River of Danubius He adorned the Imperial Robes with Pearls and pretious Stones and perpetually did wear a Diadem on his head he was qualified and enabled for many things as to suppress calumniations and tumults and to nourish all good Arts especially Learning he himself would reade write meditate hear the Ambassies and the Complaints of the Provinces He made his own Son and Dalmatius his Brothers Son Caesars he lived threescore and three years and governed the Empire almost half of them alone He dyed of a disease being addicted more in his life time to derision then affability whereupon he commonly was called Tracalla In his first ten years of his Government he was called Excellent In his next twelve years a Robber and in his ten last an ungoverned Pupil by reason of his immoderate Expences his body was buryed in Byzantium which after his name was called Constantinople after his death the Souldiers did kill Dalmatius and the Roman Empire was divided into three parts betwixt his three Sons Constans Constantius and Constantinus Constans ruled over all Italy Illyricum Africa Dalmatia Thracia Macedonia and Achaia the command of Constantius did begin at the Propontick Sea and reached over all Asia and the East And Constantinus did govern all beyond the Alpes Annibalianus Constantius and Constans ANnibalianus the kinsman of Dalmatius Caesar did govern Armenia and the Nations adjoyning
as Vexores King of Egypt and Tanais King of Scythia one of whom advanced into Pontus and the other as far as Egypt but their wars were remote and not on their neighbouring Countreys neither sought they domination for themselves but glory for their people and being contented with victory they abstained from the tyranny of command Ninus with continued happiness confirmed the greatness of his acquired power therefore the next Nations unto him being subdued he by the access of new powers did always march more strong against the others and every last victory being the promoting of the following he overcame all the Nations of the East His last war was with Zoroastres King of the Bactrians who is said first of all to have found out the art of Magick and most diligently to have observed the beginnings of the world and the motions of the stars He being slain Ninus deccased himself his son Ninus whom he had by Semiramis being not yet of age she not daring to deliver up the Empire to a boy nor openly to exercise the command of it her self so many and so great Nations being scarcely to be obedient to a man much less unto a woman did counterfeit her self to be the son instead of the wise of Ninus and a boy instead of a woman They were both of a middle stature their voyce but soft their complexion and features of face and the lineaments of their bodies were alike both in the mother and the son she therefore with rayment covered her arms and thighs and put a tire on her head and that she might not seem to conceal any thing by her new habit she commanded the people to be clothed in the same attire which that whole Nation have ever since observed Having thus counterfeiced her Sex she was believed to be a boy After this she made her self famous by great atchievements by the magnificence whereof when she thought she had overcome all envy she câ—nfesâ—ed who she was and whom she had counterfeited neither did this take away from her the dignity of her Government but increased her admiration that a woman not only surpassed her sex but even men in vertue She builded Babylon and encompassed it with a wall of Brick being interlined with Rozen Sand Pitch which in those places the earth doth everywhere cast up There were many other famous acts of this Queen for not content to defend the Boundaries of the Empire obtained by her husband she not only added Aethiopia to it but she carried the war into India which besides her and Alexander the Great never any in vaded At last when she desired to lie with her son she was killed by him having reigned two and forty years after Ninus Her son Ninns being contented with the Empire purchased by his Parents did abandon the study of war and as if he had changed his sex with his mother he grew old in the company of Ladies being seldome at any time seen by men his Successors also following his example gave answers to the Nations by their Agents The Assyrians who afterwards were called Syrians did possess the Empire for the space of one thousand and three hundred yeers The last that reigned was Sardanapalus a man more dissolute then a woman When his Lieutenant over the Medes Arbactus by name after great solicitation could hardly be admitted into his presence which was vouchsafed unto none before him he found him amongst a throng of Concubines spinning Purple on a distaff and distributing their tasks unto them and exceeding them all both in the effeminacy of his habit the softness of his body and the wanton glances of his eye Which things observed Arbactus being possest with indignation that so many men should be subjet to such a woman and that those who did bear arms should obey a Spinster repairing to his companions he did communicate to them what he beheld he denied that he could pay Homage unto him who had rather be a woman then a man A conspiracy therefore was plotted and war was made on Sardanapalus which he understanding not as a man who would defend his Kingdom but as women at the fear of death he looked first about where to hide him then with a few and those out of all military order he advanced to the battell being overcome he retired himself into his Court where a pile of wood being prepared and burning he threw himself and his riches into the fire in this only having imitated a man After this Arbactus the Governor of the Medes and the killer of the King was made King himself he translated the Empire from the Assyrians to the Medes After many Kings the Kingdom did descend to Astyages by the order of Succession He in a dream beheld a Vine to spring from the womb of his only daughter by the branches whereof all Asia was shadowed The Magicians being asked their counsel they made answer that from the same daughter he should have a Grandchild whose greatness was presaged and that he himself should lose the Kingdom Being amazed at this answer he gave his daughter in marriage neither to a Gentleman nor to a Citizen lest the nobility of the Father and Mother should elevate the mind of his Grandchild but to Cambyses a mean man and one at that time of the obscure Nation of the Persians And the fear of his dream being not thus taken off he sent for his daughter being great with child that the child should especially be killed in the sight of the Grandfather The Infant being born was delivered to Harpagus a partaker with the King in all his counsels to be killed He fearing that if the King being dead and the Empire divolved to his daughter because that Astyages had no male-child she would take that revenge from the servant which she could not from the father for the murder of her son did deliver the Babe to the Kings Shepheard to be exposed in the woods to the mercy of wilde beasts It so fell out that at the same time the Shepheard had a son born his wife hearing of the exposition of this royall Infant did earnestly intreat her husband that the child might be brought home and shewed her Returning to the wood he found a bitch close unto the Infant giving suck unto him and defending him from the birds and beasts and being himself moved to compassion with which he saw the bitch to be touched he brought the Infant to his cottage the bitch all the way sollicitously following him as soon as the woman took him into her arms the boy danced as to a note of musick and there appeared in him such a vigor and such sweet smiles of flattering innocence that the wife of her own accord did desire the Shepheard to expose her own child for him and to give her leave to bring up that boy either for his hopefulness or for his fortune and thus the condition of the little ones being changed the one was brought up for the
Greece upon himself if he had determined any thing too cruelly against Croesus In the process of time Cyrus being imployed in other wars the Lydians again rebelled who being again overcome their horses and arms were taken from them and they were commanded to exercise voluptuous and effeminate arts and employments by which means that industrious heretofore powerful and warlike Nation being weakned by sloth and riot did lose their antient vertue and whom before Cyrus no wars could master being fallen into luxury ease and excess did overcome The Lydians had many Kings before Croesus famous for many adventures but the fortune of Candaules is to be compared unto none who when he made his wife the subject of all his discourse whom he too much loved for the excellence of her beauty and as if silence were the enemy of beauty being not content with the tacit conscience of his pleasures unless he revealed the secrets of wedlock to add at last a proof to his asseveration shewed her naked to his companion Gyges by which fact he made both his friend his enemy being allured to commit adultery with his wife and her love being thus betrayed to another he estranged his wife from himself for not long after the murder of Candaules was the reward of the marriage The wife being â—ndowred with the blood of her husband delivered both her self and the Kingdom of her Husband to her adulterer Cyrus Asia being overcome and all the East brought into his power did make war upon the Scythians In that time Thomyris was Queen of the Scythians who being not like a woman affrighted at the approach of her enemies she suffered them to pass over the river of Araxes when she might have hindred them conceiving that the event of the battell would prove more successful to her within the bounds of her own Kingdom and that the flight would be more difficult to her enemies by reason of the interposition of the river Cyrus therefore when he had passed over his forces having advanced a little further into Scythia did there pitch his tents on the next day dissembling a fear as if he flying back had forsaken his Camp he left behind him great store of wine and of those things which were necessary for a Banquet which when it was declared to the Queen she sent her young son to pursue him with the third part of the Army When he came to Cyrus Camp the young man being unexperienced in the affairs of war forgetting his enemies and as if he came to feast and not to fight did permit the Barbarians unaccustomed to wine to overburthen themselves with it and the Scythians were overcome with wine before they were overcome in war for this being discovered Cyrus returning by night did oppress them not thinking of him and put all the Scythians to the sword and the son of their Queen Thomyris so great an Army being lost and which is more to be lamented her only son did not pour forth her grief into tears that she was childless but did reserve it into the comfort of revenge and with the like policy of deceit circumvented her enemies insulting at their late victory for counterfeiting a distrust of her strength and retiring in some disorder by reason of the loss received she brought Cyrus into a straight betwixt two hills where her Ambuscado being lodged she killed two hundred thousand of the Persians with the King himself In which victory this also was memorable That there remained not a messenger of so great an overthrow The head of Cyrus being cut off the Queen commanded it to be cast into a tub filled with the blood of men with this exprobration of his cruelty Satisfie thy self she said with blood which thou thirstedst after and of which thou hast always been insatiable Cyrus did reign thirty yeers being admirably remarkable not only in the beginning of hâ—s reign but by a continual success through all his life His son Cambyses did succeed him who addâ—d Aegypt to his Fathers Empire but being offended with the superstitions of the Aegyptians he commanded the Temples of Apis and of others of their Gods to be demolished He sent also his Army to destroy the most famous Temple of Ammon which Army was lost being overwhelmed with tempests and with hills of sands After this he saw in his sleep that his brother Mergides should reign being affrighted at which vision he delayed not to commit parricide after sacriledge for it was not easie for him to spare his own who had committed violence against the Gods To this so cruell an execution he selected one of his friends a Magician called Comaris In the mean time he himself being grievously wounded in the thigh with his own sword dropping by chance out of his scabberd died of that wound and endured the punishment either of parricide commanded or of sacriledge committed This being made known by a Mesenger Magus committed the villany before the death of the King was reported and Mergides being killed to whom the Kingdom was due he subâ—lituâ—ed his own brother Oropastes in his room for he was like unto him in the favor of face and in the lineaments of body and no man suspecting the deceit Oropastes was made King in the stead of Mergides which was reserved the more private because amongst the Persians the person of the King under the awful pretext of Majesâ—ie is always concealed Therefore the Magi to win unto them the favor of the people did forbear the Tributes and granted a vacation from wars for three yeers that they might confirm the Government to them by favours and largesses which they had obtained by deceit which was first suspected by Orthanes one of the Nobility a man of a most sharp apprehension therefore by his Agents he enquires of his daughter who was one of the Kings Concubines whether the Son of Cyrus were King or no who returned answer that she did not know it her self nor could learn it of another because every one of them were shut up by themselves He then commanded her to feel his head being asleep for Cambyses had cut off both the ears of Magus Being then assured by his daughter that the King was without ears he declaâ—ed it to the Nobility and by the Religion of an Oath did oblige them to the slaughter of this counterfeit King There were only seven that were conscious of this confederacy who immediately that they might not have the leisure to repent and disclose the plot with swords under their garments did repair to the Court. There those being killed whom they met with in the way they came unto the Magi who wanted not courage to defend themselves for with drawn swords they killed two of the Conspirators howsoever they were apprehended by the greater number one of whom being fast in the arms of Gobrias his companions doubting lest they should kill him in the stead of Magus because it was acted in a dark place he commanded them to
the flames of the neighbouring war should whirle upon them A league being therefore made betwixt the two Cities that not long before were at the greatest enmity they wearved Greece with their Ambassadors alleadging that the common Enemy was to be repelled by the common strength for they said that Philip would not leave off if the affairs at first succeeded according to his minde until he had subdued all Greece unto him Some Cities being perswaded by the Athenians did unite themselves unto them but the fear of the war did draw many unto Philip the battel being begun when the Athenians did much exceed in the number of the Souldiers they were overcome by the valor of the Macedons inured to daily wars howsoever they fell not unmindful of their antient glory for with honourable wounds they dying did all cover that place of the field with their bodies which their Captains did assign them to fight in This day did set a period to all Greece in the respect of their antient liberty and the glory of the Soveraignty of their command The joy of this Victory was craftily dissembled by Philip for he did not observe it as a day consecrated to Triumphs he was not seen to laugh at the banquet he neither crowned his head nor anointed his body and as much as in him was he so overcame that no man could perceive him to be a Conqueror He commanded that he should not be called the King but the Captain of Greece and he so tempered himself betwixt a silent joy and the publick grief of his Enemies that his own Souldiers could not observe him to rejoyce nor his Enemies to insult And though the Athenians were alwaies most pernicious to him yet he sent home their prisoners without ransome and restored the carkasses of the dead to burial and of his own accord gave order that they should be carryed to the Sepulchers of their Fathers Moreover he sent his Son Alexander and his friend Antipater to Athens to establish a firm friendship and a peace betwixt them But he was not so indulgent to the Thebans for he not onely sold their Captives but also the carkasses of their slain Some of the Rulers of that City he beheaded some he forced into banishment and seized on all their goods and restored those into their Country who had been banished from it out of which number he appointed three hundred to be the Judges and Rulers of the City by whom when some of the most powerful of the Citizens were accused that unjustly they had driven them into banishment they were of that constancy they all in general confessed that they were all the Authors of it and with confidence affirmed that it was better with the Commonwealth by far when they were condemned persons then it could be now when they were restored A wonderful confidence it was they passed a sentence as well as then they could on the Judges of their lifes and deaths and did contemn that absolution which their Enemies could give them and because they could not revenge by deeds they assumed to themselves a liberty by words The affairs being thus composed in Greece Philip commanded that Ambassadors out of all the Cities should be called to Corinth to consider on the present occasions and to provide for the future He there appointed to all Greece a condition of Peace according to the merits of every City and chose to himself a Counsel and as it were a Parliament out of all The Lacedemonians onely did despise both the Law and the Law-giver affirming that it was a slavery and not a peace which was imposed upon them by the Conqueror and did not proceed from the Cities After this the Auxiliaries of every City were listed by whom the King was to be assisted against any invasion or he being their General was to make war himself with them and to lead them forth against any Nation for it was not doubtful that the Empire of the Persians was the design of these great preparations The number of his Auxiliaries of foot were two hundred thousand and fifteen thousand horse Besides these there was the Army of Macedonia and an Army of the barbarous Nations who were contiguous to them In the beginning of the Spring he sent three of his cheif Commanders into that part of Asia which was under the power of the Persians Parmenio Amyntas and Attalus whose sister he had lately marryed Olympias the Mother of Alexander being repudiated upon the suspition of incontinence In the mean time until the Auxiliaries of Greece might be drawn into one body he did celebrate the Nuptials of his daughter Cleopatra and of Alexander whom he had made King of Epirus The day was remarkable for the magnificence of the two Kings the one marrying the other giving his daughter in marriage Neither was there wanting the delightfulness of Enterludes to the beholding whereof when Philip passed without a guard between the two Alexanders his Son-in-law and his own Son Pausanias one of the Nobility being suspected by no man did kill King Philip as he was passing through the crowd and made the day destined to mirth and marriage black with the lamentation of a Funeral This Pausanias about the fourteenth yeer of his age was enforced to be a prostitute to Attalus to which indignity this ignominy was added that Attalus having afterwards brought him into the Banquet and made him drunk with wine did not onely expose him to his own lust but to the lust of all his guests and rendred him a common laughing stock amongst them all Which Pausanias with great indignation resenting did oftentimes complain of it to Philip And finding that he was both deluded and delayed in his just complaints and that his Adversarie moreover was honoured with a new addition of power and greatness he converted his anger against Philip himself and that revenge which he could not have on his Adversary he took on his unrighteous Judge It is also believed that he was encouraged to it by Olympias the Mother of Alexander and that Alexander himself was not ignorant of the murther of his Father for Olympias was no less troubled at her divorce and that Cleopatra was perferr'd above her then Pausanias was at the violation of his honour It was conceived also that Alexander suspected that his brother begot of his Step-mother did aspire unto the Kingdom and so far the jealousie did advance it self that at a former Banquet he first quarrelled with Attalus and afterwards with his Father insomuch that Philips did follow him from the Table with a drawn Sword and was hardly deteined by the intreaties of his friends from the slaughter of his son Wherefore Alexander did first convey himself with his Mother to his Uncle in Epirus and from thence to the Kings of the Illyrians and was hardly afterwards reconciled to his Father and with much difficulty was perswaded by his kinsmen to return unto him Olympias also did sollicite her brother Alexander the
unserviceable The treasure consisting of one hundred and three and fifty thousand Talents was brought all into one Exchequer and Parmenio was made Chancellor of it In the mean time Letters were received from Antipater in Macedonia in which the war of Agis King of the Lacedemonians in Greece the war of Alexander King of Epirus in Italy and the war of Zopyron his Lieutenant in Scythia were contained with which news he was diversly affected but received more joy by the death of the two Kings that did emulate his glory then he expressed grief for the loss of Zopyron with his Army For after the departure of Alexander almost all Greece taking advantage of his absence did combine to take Arms for the recovery of their liberty In which they followed the authority of the Lacedemonians who alone despised the peace with Philip and Alexander and refused the conditions of it The General of this war was Agis King of the Lacedemonians which insurrection Antipater having drawn his forces together did suppress in the very beginning of it The slaughter howsoever was great on both sides Agis when he beheld his Souldiers to turn their backs having cleared himself of his Guard that he might be equal to Alexander though not in fortune yet in courage did make so great a slaughter of his Enemies that sometimes he drove whole Troops of them before him At the last though he was over-born by the multitude yet he overcame them all in glory And Alexander King of Epirus being called into Italy by the Tarentines desiring ayd against the Brutians did march with so much resolution that if in the division of the world the West by lot had fallen to him and the East to Alexander the Son of Olympias his sister he might have found no less a subject of glory in Italy Africk and in Sicily then the other in Asia and amongst the Persians To this may be added that as the Oracles at Delphos did fore-warn Alexander the Great of treachery in Macedonia so he was advised by Jupiter of Dodona to take heed of the City of Pandosia and of the Acherusian River which being both in Epirus he being ignorant that they were both in Italy also did more readily undertake a forreign war to decline the danger which was threatned by the destinies as he conceived at Rome Being advanced in Italy he first of all made war with the Apulians the fate of whose City being understood he not long after made peace and friendship with their King At that time Brundusium was the City of the Apulians which the Aetolians following the Conduct of their Captain Dio medes renowned for his atchievements at the siege of Troy did build But being forced away by the Apulians it was told them by the Oracle that perpetually they should possess the place which they first found out wherefore by their Ambassadors they demanded of the Apulians that their City should be restored to them and threatned to bring a war upon them if they should detain it But the Apulians having notice of the Oracle did put the Ambassadors to death and did bury them in their City to have there their perpetual residence And being thus discharged of the Oracle they for a long time did possess the City which when Alexander of Epirus understood in reverence to the Antiquity of the place he did abstain from making war upon the Apulians But he made war against the Brutians and Lucanians and took many of their Cities afterwards he made peace with the Metapontinians the Rutilians and the Romans But the Brutians and Lucanians having the assistance of their Neighbours did renew the war with greater courage in which the King neer unto the City of Pandosia the River Acheron was killed the name of the fatal place being not known until he fell and dying he understood that the danger of death was not in his own Countrey for the fear of which he did â—â—e his Countrey The Tyrians having at the publick charge redeemed his Body did commit it unto Burial Whiles those things were done in Italy Zopyron who was made Lieutenant of Pontus by Alexander the Great conceiving himself to be but as an idle person if he should do nothing memorable himself having drawn together an Army of thirty thousand men did make war upon the Soythians being slain with all his Army he suffered for the rashness of making wars on that innocent Nation When these things were brought to Alexander in Parthia having dissembled a sorrow for the death of Alexander his kinsman King of Epirus he commanded his Army to quarters for the space of three dayes And all men suggesting to themselves that in Darius death the war was ended and expecting now a speedy return into their own Country and in their imagination already embracing their wives and children Alexander did call them forth to a general convention and declared unto them that nothing was as yet atchieved by so many famous battels if the more Eastern Enemies should remain untouched neither did he make war for the body but the Empire of Darius those he said were to be pursued who fled away and revolted from him Having with his speech given new heat to the courage of his Souldiers he subdued the Mardians and Hercanians In that place Thalestris or Minothaeae Queen of the Amazons did address her self unto him with three hundred thousand women having travelled five and twenty dayes through most hostile Nations to have Issue by him her countenance and the cause of her coming was the subject of much wonder both for the strangeness of her habit and the strangeness of her desire To satisfie which the King took the leisure of thirty dayes and when she thought that her womb was pregnant she departed After this Alexander assumed the habit and the diadem of the Kings of Persia before unused by the Kings of Macedon as if he had translated himself into the customes and fashions of those whom he had overcome which that it might not more enviously be beheld in him alone he commanded his friends also to take unto them the long robe of gold and purple And that he might imitate as well their riot as their habit he divided the nights by turns amongst the flocks of his Concubines as remarkable for their birth as for their beauty to which he added the magnificence of banquets least his luxury should not seem compleat And according to the vanity of royal pomp he made his Feasts more delightful with Enterludes being altogether unmindful that so great wealth with such profuseness is accustomed to be consumed and not enlarged Amongst these things great was the Indignation of all over all the Camp that he so degenerated from his Father Philip that he cared not for the name of his own Country and followed the dissoluteness of the Persians whom for such dissoluteness he overcame and that he might not onely seem to addict himself to the vices of those whom with arms he had subdued
the King of Epirus omitted it being of great concernment to what party he became a friend who desiring himself to master them all did labour to have an interest in every party Therefore having promised to assist the Tarentines against the Romans he desired ships of Antigonus to transport his Army he desired moneys of Antiochus who was more considerable both in men and money he desired of Ptolomy the ayd of the Macedonian Souldiers Ptolomy who made no delay to gratifie him having a numerous Army did lend unto him for the space of two yeers and no longer five thousand foot four thousand horse and fifty Elephants for which Pyrrhus having taken to marriage the daughter of Ptolomy did leave him invested in the Kingdom But because we are come to the mention of Epirus we must deliver a few things concerning the Original of that Kingdom In that Countrey was first of all the Kingdom of the Molossians Afterwards Pyrrhus the Son of Achilles having lost his Fathers Kingdom by his long absence in the Trojan wars did plant himself in this Country the people being first called Pyrrhide afterwards Epirotae But Pyrrhus when he came to ask counsel in the Temple of Jupiter of Dodona he there saw and by force took unto him Anassa the Niece of Hercules by whom he had eight children He marryed those who were Maids to the neighboring Kings and purchased to himself great Possessions by the ayd of affinity and gave unto Helenus the Son of King Priamus for his singular knowledge in Prophecy the Kingdom of Chaonia and Andromache the relict of Hector to wife whom in the division of the Trojan booty he took unto his own bed Not long after he was slain at Delphos between the Altars of the god by the teachery of Orestes the Son of Agamemnon Piales his Son succeeded him and by order of succession the Kingdom was devolved to Arymbas who being of a tenderage and the onely child that remayned of that Regal Family had Guardians assigned him with great care both for his preservation his education And being sent to Athens to be instructed there he was so much the more acceptable to the people as he was more learned then all his Predecessors He first made Laws and ordained a Senate and yearly Magistrats and the form of a Commonwealth and as the Country became more famous by Pyrrhus so it was reduced to more humanity under the Government of Arymbas His Son was named Neoptolomus from whom Olympias was immediately discended who was the Mother of Alexander the Great and Alexander who after him enjoyed the Kingdom of Epirus and having made war in Italy he was slain amongst the Brutians After his death his brother Aeacides succeeded in the Kingdom who by his daily wars against the Macedonians having too much wearyed and exhausted the people did contract the hatred of the Citizens and being forced into banishment by them he left his Son Pyrrhus a young child of two yeers of age to succeed him in the Kingdom who when he was fought for by the people to be put to death by reason of the hatred which they did bear unto Father he was privately conveyed to the Illyrians and delivered to Beroe the daughter of King Glaucias to be nursed by her who was himself of the Family of the Aeacidans The King either in the compassion of his fortune or delighted with his sportfulness did not onely protect him a long time against Cassander King of Macedonia although he threatned to make war against him for detaining of him but also did adopt him into the succession of the Kingdom with which the Epirots were so overcome that turning their Hatred into Pity they called him back at eleven yeers of age having set Guardians over him who were to govern the Kingdom until he arrived to maturity of age Being a young man he made many wat 's and began to be so great in the success thereof that he seemed alone to be able to defend the Tarentines against the Romans THE Eighteenth BOOK OF IVSTINE PYrrhus therefore King of Epirus being again wearyed by a new Embassie of the Tarentines and by the Petitions of the Lucanians and Samnites who also needed ayd against the Romans was not much induced by the Petitions of the Suppliants as by the hope of invading the Empire of Italy and did promise that he would assist them with his Army The E◠amples of his Ancestors did carry him on med violently to it being well enclined to it of himself that he might not seem to be inferior to his Uncle Alexander whom the same Tarantines used as their Protector against the Brutians or to have less resolution then Alexander the Great who in a war so remote from his own Country had subdued the East Therefore having left his Son Ptolomy about the fifteenth yeer of his age to be the Keeper of his Kingdom he landed his Army in the Haven of Tarentum having taken with him his two young Sons Alexander and Helenus to be some solace to him in so remote an Expedition Valerius Levinus the Roman Consul having heard of his arrival did march towards him with all speed with a resolution to give him battel before his Auxiliaries could be drawn together And having put his Army in array the King though inferiour in the number of Souldiers made no delay to encounter him The Romans being Conquerors at first were amazed and enforced to forsake the battel at the unusal sight and charge of the Elephants these strange monsters of the Macedonians did on a sudden conquer the Conquerors neither had their Enemies an unbloody victory For Pyrrhus himself was grievously wounded and 〈◊〉 great part of his Souldiers being slain he 〈◊〉 a greater glory then a joy of the Victory Many of the Cities of Italy following the event of this battel did deliver themselves to Pyrrhus Amongst the rest the Locri having betrayed the Roman Garrison did submit to Pyrrhus Pyrrhus out of the booty which he took sent back to Rome two hundred Souldiers whom he had taken Prisoners without any ransom that the Romans might take notice as well of his liberality as of his valour Some time being passed when the Army of the Associates were drawn altogether he joyned in battel again with the Romans in which his fortune was the same as in the former In the mean time Mago the General of the Carthaginians being sent with one hundred and twenty ships to bring Auxiliaries to the Romans did address himself to the Senate affirming that the Carthaginians did deeply resent that in Italy they should suffer the calamity of war from a forraign King For which cause he was sent that the Romans being enfested by a forraign Enemy they should also be relieved by a forraign Enemy The Senate having returned their hearty thanks to the Carthaginians did send back their Auxiliaries But Mago after the fine subtilty of the Punick wit after a few days did repair privately to Pyrrhus as
being understood Antiochus the King of Syria the antient hatred betwixt both Kingdoms exciting him in a sudden War did possess himself of many of his Cities and did invade Egypt it self On this Ptolomy was surprized with fear and by his Ambassadors desired Antiochus to forbear until he could get his Army in a readiness And having drawn very considerable Forces from Greece he overcame Antiochus and had dispoyled him of his Kingdom if he had but a little helped Fortune and improved the advantage by his valour But contented with the restauration of the Cities which he had lost and having made a Peace he greedily imbraced a Subject for sloth and being fallen into luxury having slain his wife Eurydice who was his own sister he was overcome by the allurements of Agathocleâ— the Harlot and forgetting the greatness of his Name and Majesty he wasted the nights in wantonness and the days in riot Timbrels and Dances were added the Instruments of Luxury and he was not now looked upon as a King but as a professed Master of looseness he delighted himself with Minstrels and all the provocations of lust This was the hidden disease and the sad symptomes of the falling Court. Licentiousness afterwards increasing the impudence of the incontinent woman could not be contained within the wals of the Palace whom the daily and intermingled pollutons of the King with her Brother Agathocles a prostitute of an aspiring comeâ—ness did make more insolent No little aggravation to this was the Mother Euanthe who held more fast the King inthralled with the allurements of both her children Therefore being not contented to possess the King they did now also possess the Kingdom Now they were seen in publick and saluted and attended Agathocles the Prostitute being joined to the side of the King did govern the City and the women did dispose of the Sâ—aâ—s of Judicature of Lieutenant-ships and places of Command neither was there any man of less power in the Kingdom then the King himself In the mean time having left five sons by his sister Eurydice he died Thus whiles the women seized upon his Exchequer and indeavoured to govern the Kingdom by making a League with the deboystest and most dissolute persons the business was a long time concealed but it being discovered at last Agathocles was killed in the first place by the concourse of the multitude and the women to revenge the death of Eurydice were fastened upon crosses The King being dead and the infamy of the Kingdom being as it were expiated by the punishment of the Harlots the Alexandrians did send their Ambassadors to Rome intreating them that they would undertake the Guardianship of the young Prince and protect the Kingdom of Egypt which they said Philip and Antiochus having made a League together had divided amongst themselves The Embassy was gratefull to the Romans at that time seeking an occasion to make War against Philip who lay in wait to entrap them in the time of the Carthaginian War To this may be added that the Carthaginians and Hannibal being overcome the Romans feared the Arms of no man more Considering with themselves how great a commotion Pyrrhus with a few Bands of the Macedonians had made in Italy and what great atchievements they had performed in the East Ambassadors were therefore sent to require Philip and Antiochus to refrain from the Kingdoms of Egypt Marcus Lepidus was also sent into Egypt to be protector of the Kingdom in the behalf of the young Prince Whiles these things were in action the Ambassadors of Attalus King of Pergamus and of Rhodes did address themselves to Rome complaining of the injuries of King Philip which complaint took away all the delay of the War against Macedonia Immediatly in pretence of bringing aid to their associates War was denounced against Philip and many Legions were sent with the Consul into Macedonia And not long afterwards all Greece in confidence of the Romans success against Philip being erected into a hope of their former liberty did make VVar upon him so that the King being urged on every side was compelled to desire peace the conditions whereof when they were expounded by the Romans King Attalus began to redemand his priviledges the Rhodians demanded theirs the Achaeans and Aetolians theirs On the other side Philip did grant that he could be induced to obey the Romans but it would be an unworthy part of him if he should condiscend that the Grecians being overcome by Philip and Alexander his Predecessors and brought under the yoke of the Macedonian Empire should like Conquerors impose Laws of peace on him who ought rather to give an account of their subjeâ—â—ion then lay a claim to liberty At the last Philip being importunate a Truce was made for two moneths and the peace which could not be concluded in Macedonia was to be concluded on by the Senate at Rome In the same year between the two Ilands of Theramenes and Therasia in the midst betwixt both banks and the Sea there was a great Earthquake In which to the wonder of those who sailed by the waters growing suddenly hot there arose an Iland out of the Deeps And on the same day an Earthquake in Asia did shake Rhodes and many other Cities and bringing a great ruine with in did wholly devour others All men being affrighted at the prodigie the prophets presaged that the rising Empire of the Romans should devour the ancient one of the Greeks and Macedons The Senate in the mean time having refused to make any Peace with Philip he sollicited the Tyrant Nabis into the society of the War and having brought his Army into the field and marshalled them to incounter their enemies who were prepared to receive them he did exhort them by declaring to them that the Persians Bactrians and the Indians and all Asia even to the end of the East was overcome by the Macedons and that this war ought so much the more couragiously to be sustained by them as Liberty is more noble then subjection But Flaminius the Roman Consul did excite his Souldiers unto Battel by the Commemoration of their late Atchievements demonstrating that Carthage and Sicily on this side and that Italy Spain on the other side were conquered by the Roman valour and that Hannibal was not to be ranked below Alexander the great who being beaten out of Italy they had subdued Africa it self the third part of the world Moreover the Macedons were not to be esteemed according to their ancient fame but by their present strength for now they waged not war with Alexander the great whom perchance they heard to be invincible neirher with his Army who subdued the East but with Philip a boy not yet grown up to maturity of Age who hardly was able to maintain the bounds of his own Kingdom and with those Macedons who not long ago became a prey to the Dardanians They did only boast of the honors of their Ancestors but the Romans were renowned for the present
complaints of the Lacedemonians whose Fields in mutual hatred the Achaians had laid wast The Senare answered the Lacedemonians that they would send Ambassadors into Greece to look upon the affairs of their Associates and to take away the suspitions of all injury but instructions were privily given to the Ambassadors that they should dissolve this intire Body of the Achaians and make every City to subsist by her own priviledges that so they might more easily be inforced to obedience and if any appeared to be stubborn that they should be broken The Princes therefore of all the Cities being called to Corinth the Ambassadors did recite the Decree of the Senate and declared what was the Counsel which was given to them They declared that it was expedient for all that every City should have her own Laws and her own priviledges which the Achaians no sooner understood but in a fury they presently killed all that were strangers and had violated the Romane Ambassadors themselves if upon notice of the tumult they had not fled away in a great fear When this was declared at Rome the Senate did immediately Decree that the Achaian war should be undertaken by Mummius the Consul who not long after having transported his Army into Greece and all things with great care being provided for did provoke his Enemies to battel But the Achaians as if it had been no trouble at all to conquer the Romanes had nothing in a readiness for War but thinking more of the booty then the fight they brought their Carriages into the Field to draw from thence the spoyls of their Enemies and placed their Wives and Children on the adjacent Hills to behold the pleasure of the Battel which was no sooner begun but being slain before the eyes of their Wives and Children they became a sad spectacle to them for the present and left them a grievous remembrance of it for the future and their Wives and Children being made Captives of Spectators were an easie prey unto their Enemies The City of Corinth it self was pull'd down and all the people sold in the most ignominious manner that in those times was practised that this Example might strike a fear into the other Cities to take â—eed of Innovations for the time to come Whiles these things were in action Antiochus King of Syria made War upon Ptolomy King of Egypt the Son of his elder Sister but â— slow man and so consumed with daily luxury that he not onely neglected the Offices of Regal Majesty but was deprived also of the sense of an ordinary man Being therefore beaten out of his Kingdom he fled to Alexandria to his younger brother Ptolomy and having made him a partaker in his Kingdom they joyntly sent Ambassadors to the Senate at Rome by whom they desired their help and implored the Faith of their Society The supplications of the Brothers did move the Senate Therefore Publius Popilius was sent Ambassador to Antiochus to command him not to invade Egypt or if he was already in it to withdraw from it The Ambassador having found him in Egypt the King kissed him for Antiochus above the rest did respect Popilius when he was a Hostage at Rome Popilius desired him to forbear all private friendship when the Mandates and the Interests of his Country intervened and having produced the Decree of the Senate he delivered it to the King when he found the King to demur upon it and to say that he would refer it to the Consultation of his friends Popilius with a rod which he had in his hand having inclosed him in a spacious Circle that it might contain his friends with him did require him to counsel with them in the Precinct of that Round and not to move out of it before he had given an Answer to the Senate Whether he would have peace or War with the Romanes This sharp proposition did so blunt the minde of the King that he answered that he would obey the Senate After this Antiochus returning to his Kingdom dyed having left behind him a son very young to whom when Guardians were assigned by the people his Uncle Demetrius who was then a Hostage at Rome having understood of the death of his brother Antiochus addressed himself unto the Senate and alledged that his brother being alive he came to Rome as a Hostage for him but being dead he did not now know whose Hostage he might be therefore he pleaded that it was just he should be dismissed from Rome to be invested in his Kingdom which as it was due by the law of Nations to his elder brother so it was now due unto himself who must have the precedency of the Pupil by the priviledge of Age When he observed that the Senate silently presuming that the Kingdom would be more safe unto them under the Pupil then under him were un willing to grant him leave to depart Having secretly departed to Hostia under the pretence of hunting he there took shipping with the Companions of his flight and being brought into Syria he was received with the applause of all men and the young Prince being put to death the Kingdom by his Guardians was delivered unto him Much about the same time Prusias King of Bithinia contrived how to put to death his son Nicomedes endeavouring to provide for his younger sons whom he had by Nicomede's Step-mother and who were then at Rome But the plot was betrayed by those who undertook to perform it they exhorted the young man being provoked by the cruelty of his Father to prevent the deceit and return the wicked act upon the Author of it nor was it hard to perswade him to it therefore being sent for when he came into the Kingdom of his Father he was saluted as King and Prusias his Father being dis-invested of his Kingdom became as a private man and was forsaken of his own servants When he concealed himself in corners he was discovered and commanded to be killed by his son with no less wickedness then he commanded his son to be killed THE Five and thirtyeth BOOK OF IVSTINE DEmetrius having possessed himself of the Kingdom of Syria conceiving that the common hatred by this Innovation would prove ruinous to himself he determined to inlarge the bounds of his Soveraignty and to encrease his Revenues by making War upon his Neighbours Therefore being become an Enemy to Ariathes King of Cappadocia because he refused to marry his Sister he received his suppliant Brother Holofernes injustly driven from the Kingdom and rejoycing that he had offered to him an honest Title of the War he determined to restore to him his Kingdom But Holofernes having ungratefully made a League with the Antiochians and growing into enmity with Demetrius he took counsel to expel him from the Kingdom by whom he was restored to it which although Demetrius understood yet he spared his life that Ariathes might not be freed from the War which his brother Demetrius threatned to bring upon him howsoever having
people did cut her off by reason of her cruelty did enjoy the Kingdom alone Mithridates also being taken away by a sudden death did leave his Kingdom to his son who was also called Mithridates whose Greatness afterwards was such that he excelled in Majesty not only all the Kings of his time but of the former age and with various victory held war with the Romans for the space of six and forty years whom the most famous Generals Sylla Lucullus and others at the first and Cneius Pompeius at the last did so overcome that he arose alwaies more great and famous in renewing of the war and became more terrible by his losses and at last being overcome by no hostile force he died a voluntarie death in his own Kingdom being a very old man and leaving a Son to succeed him many signs from Heaven did presage his greatness to come for both on that day in which he was born and on that in which he began his Reign at both times there did appear a Comet which for seventie nights did shine so brightly as all Heaven did seem to be in a flame for by the greatness of it it took up the fourth part of Heaven and by its splendor it overcame the light of the Sun and when it did either rise or set it took up the space of four hours Being in his minoritie he laie open to and did endure the treacherie of his tutors for they did put him upon a wild and an unmanaged horse and did command him not onely to ride him but to exercise his horsmanship and to throw darts from him but Mithridates deluding their design by governing the horse beyond the expectation of his age they conspired against him by poyson which he suspecting did oftentimes drink Antidotes and with such exquisite remedies did so prepare his bodie against it that being an old man he could not die by poyson though attempting it Fearing afterwards that his enemies would perform with the sword what they could not dispatch with poyson he pretended he would solace himself with the recreation of hunting wherefore for the space of four years he neither entred into Citie nor came in the Countrie within the roof of any house but wandred in the woods and took up his lodging on the tops of severall hills no man knowing in what place he was being accustomed by his swiftness of foot either to pursue wild beasts or to flie from them and sometimes by main force to grapple with them By which means he both eschewed all treason that was designed against him and hardned his bodie to all indurance of virtue When afterwards he came to the management of the Kingdom he immediately contrived not so much how to rule it as how to enlarge it and by an incomparable felicitie overcame the Scythians who were before invincible for they had overthrown Zopyro the Lieutenant of Alexander the great with thirtie thousand armed men and killed Cyrus King of the Persians with two hundred thousand Souldiers and routed Philip King of the Macedons Being increased in his power he possessed himself of Pontus and not long afterwards of Cappadocia and going privately out of his Kingdom he sojourned over all Asia with a few friends and thereby gained a perfect knowledge of all the Countrie and of the situation of every Citie After that he travailed higher over all Bithynia and being already as it were Lord of Asia he contrived where to laie his best opportunities for his following victories After this he returned into his Kingdom where it being generally noysed abroad that he was dead he found a young childe which in his absence Laodice who was both his sister and his wife had brought forth But after his long travels amidst the gratulations both of his safe arrival and of the birth of his son he was in danger of being poysoned for his sister Laod ce believing he had been dead did fall into an incontinent life and attempting to conceal one sin by committing a greater did resolve to welcome him with poyson which when Mithridates understood by her maid he revenged the treason which was plotted on the author of it And winter drawing on he spent his time not at the banquet but in the field not in sloth but in exercise not amongst his companions but with Kings equal to him either in the horse-race or the foot-race or by trying the strength of bodie He also by daily exercise hardned his Armie to the same patience of labour and being unconquered himself he by these acts made his Armie invincible Having afterwards made a league with Nicomedes he invaded Paphlagonia and having overcome it he did share it with his companion Nicomedes The Senate being informed that Paphlagonia was again in the possession of Kings they sent Embassadors to them both to command them to restore the Nation to her former condition Mithridates when he believed that he was equall to the Roman Greatness did return a proud answer which was that he received his Kingdom by inheritance and did much wonder that they should trouble themselves with a Controversie which did not belong unto them and being nothing terrified with their threatnings he seized upon Galatia Nicomedes because he could not defend himself by right made answer that he would restore his part to a lawful King and having changed his Name he called his own Son Philomenos after the name of the Kings of Paphlagonia and in a false name and title enjoied the Kingdom as if he had restored it to the true Roial Progenie And thus the Embassadors being deluded did return to Rome THE Eight and thirtyeth BOOK OF IVSTINE MIthridates having begun his parricides by the murder of his own wife determined with himself to put to death the Sons of his other sister Laodice whose husband Ariarathes King of Cappadocia he had treacherously murdered by Gordius thinking he had done nothing in murdering of the father if the young men still enjoyed their fathers Kingdom with a desire whereof he was violently transported Whiles he was busie on his design Nicomedes King of Bithynia did invade Cappadocia destitute of a King which when Mithridates understood in a counterfeit pietie he sent assistance to his sister to drive Nicomedes out of the Kingdom but in the mean time a contract being made Laodice had espoused her self to Nicomedes At which Mithridates being much troubled he drove the Garrison-Souldiers and others of the Armie of Nicomedes out of Bithynia and restored the Kingdom to his sisters son which was an honorable act indeed if it had not been attended by deceit for not long after he pretended that he would call back Gordius from banishment whom he used as his minister in the murder of Ariarathes and restore him to his Countrie hoping if the young man should not give waie to it there would arise from thence a sufficient cause of the war or if he should permit it that the Son might be destroyed by thesame man who
killed his father which when young Ariarathes did understand to be attempted by Mithridates taking it deeply to heart that the murderer of his father should be called from banishment by his Uncle he imbodied a mightie Armie Mithridates brought into the field four score thousand foot and ten thousand horse and six hundred Chariots armed with hooks of steel and Ariarathes was altogether as powerful the neighbouring Kings assisting him Mithridates fearing the uncertain chance of the war did alter his counsels by causing them to degenerate into treachery having by his Agents courted the young man into a conference and hid a naked sword in the plates of his garment the Searcher being sent to do his office according to the manner then of Kings with great curiositie examined about the bottom of his belly whereupon he desired him to take heed lest he found another weapon then that he sought for the treachery being thus protected by the jeast Mithridates having called him aside from his friends as if he would confer in private with him did kill him both the armies being the spectators of it This being done he delivered the Kingdom of Cappadocia to Ariarathes his Son being but eight years of age having made Gordius Tutor over him and calling him by the name of Ariarathes But the Cappadocians being incensed at the crueltie and the lust of Mithridates his Lieutenants revolted from him and called back the brother of the slaughtered King from Asia where he was bred up and whose name was Ariarathes also with whom Mithridates renewed the war and having overcome him did expell him the Kingdom of Cappadocia and not long after the young man having contracted an infirmitie by his melancholy died after his death Nicomedes fearing least by the addition of Cappadocia Mithridates should also invade Bithynia that bordered on it did suborn a boy as remarkable for his stature as his countenance to demand of the Senate of Rome his fathers Kingdom as if old Ariarathes had three and not two Sons born unto him He also sent his wife Laodice to Rome to be a witness of the three Sons begotten by Ariarathes Which when Mithridates understood he with the like impudence sent Gordius to Rome to assure unto the Senate that the Boy to whom he delivered Cappadocia was begotten of that Ariarathes who died in the war of Aristonicus bringing his Auxiliaries to the Roman Armie But the Senate being prepossessed with the designs of the Kings would not give to false Names the Kingdoms of others but took Cappadocia from Mithridates and that he should not be alone in discontent they took away also Paphlagonia from Nicomedes And that it should not be any contumely to the Kings that the Kingdoms which were taken from them should be given unto others both people received the Donation of their libertie But the Cappadocians refused their gift of freedom affirming that their Nation could not subsist without a King Therefore the Senate did constitute Ariobarzenes to be their King At that time Tigranes was King of Armenia not long before given as a pledge to the Parthians and now lately dismissed and sent by them home to his Fathers Kingdom Mithridates had a great desire to joyn him with him in the war against the Romans which he had before determined with himself Tigranes thinking nothing what an offence it would be against the Romans was by Gordius excited to make war against Ariobarzenes a man of a heavy temper not able to oppose him and that there should be no suspition of any injury to be contrived by deceit Mithridates did give him his Daughter Cleopatra into mariage Therefore on the first approach of Tigranes Ariobarzenes having taken all things with him that he could call his own did repair to Rome and thus by the means of Tigranes Cappadocia became again under the power of Mithridates At the same time Nicomedes being deceased his son who was also called Nicomedes was by the force of Arms beaten by Mithridates from his fathers Kingdom who when he came a suppliant to Rome it was decreed in the Senate that they should both be restored into their Kingdoms to the effecting of which Aquilius Manlius and Malthinius were sent Ambassadors This being made known in Asia Mithridates being to make war against the Romans did enter into a league with Tigranes and articled with him that the Cities and the fields should be the part of Mithridates but the Captives and all the movables should be the portion of Tigranes And Mithridates having pondered with himself how great a war he had raised sent some Ambassadors to the Cymbrians and others to the Gallogrecians to the Sarmatians and Bastarnians to desire assistance of them For heretofore when he had determined with himself to make war against the Romans he obliged to him all these Nations with variety of gifts and benefits He also sent for an Army out of Scythia and armed all the East against the Romans therefore with no great difficulty he overthrew Aquilius and Malthinius who commanded the Asiatick Army who being routed and driven out of the field with Nicomedes he wasreceived with an extraordinary great applause of the Cities In those he found great store both of Gold laid up by the thrifty providence of the former Kings he found also great store of Arms and Provision for the war with which being furnished he remitted to the Cities their publick and private debts and for five years did free them from all Impositions After this having called his soldiers to a general Assembly with several exhortations he did excite them to the Roman or rather the Asiatick Wars The Copy of his Speech I have thought worthy to insert into the narrow compass of this work which Pompeius Trogus did interpret to be indirect and reprehended both Livy and Salust that inserting set speeches into their writings as the orations of the parties interested they did exceed the bounds of History Mithridates said that it was to be wished that he might have leave to take Counsel whether war or peace were to be had with the Romans since we are bound to resist those who do oppose us and those are not to be in doubt what to determine on who are without hope of Victory For against thieves though we cannot for our safety yet we all do draw our sword for revenge but because that is not in question whether we ought to set down being lookt upon not only with hostile minds but assaulted also with hostile arms the present Counsel to be demanded is upon what hope and account we may maintain the wars begun For his own part he affirmed he had a confidence of the Victory if they had a generous Resolution to fight and it was known as much to his soldiers as to himself that the Romans that were to be overcome were they who overthrew Aquilius in Bithynia and Malthinus in Cappadocia But if other examples would perswade more then his own Experience he had
and by the murder of his own son did declare what they ought themselves to expect of their King Cleopatra having ended the dayes of her mourning for the death of her son when she perceived that she was oppressed by a war also from her late husband her brother she by her Ambassadors demanded aid of Demetrius King of Syria whose own fortunes were as various as they were memorable For when Demetrius made war against the Parthians as mention hath been made before and in many encounters overcame them being on a sudden surrounded by an Ambuscado having lost his Army he was taken himself Arsacides King of the Parthians in the greatness of his royal spirit having sent him into Hyrcania did not only honour him with the Respect due unto a King but gave him his daughter also in marriage and promised to restore unto him the Kingdom of Syria which in his absence Trypho became Master of After his death Demetrius despayring of return and not enduring Captivity and loathing a private life although a fatt one and a wealthy did contrive with himself how he might escape into his own Kingdom His friend Calamander was both his Companion and his perswader to undertake this journey who after his Captivity in Syria having hired a guide did bring him disguized in a Parthians habit through the desarts of Arabia into Babylon But Phrahartes who succeeded Arsacides by the swiftness of his horses did cause him to be brought back being overtaken by the compendiousness of their goings Being brought unto the King he not only pardoned Calamander but gave him a reward for his fidelity to his friend but having very roundly checked Demetrius he sent him to his wife in Hyrcania and commanded that he should be observed by a stricter guard In process of time when the children which he had by his wife did seem to be a stronger obligation on him for his fidelity he did endeavour to make his escape again having the same friend to be his Companion but by the same infelicity he was taken again near unto the bounds of his own Kingdom and being the second time brought unto the King he was looked upon as a hated man and not suffered to come into his presence But being then also dismissed to his wife and children he was sent back into Hyrcania and confined to a City upon a penalty not to go out of it and in the reproach of his childish levity was laden with golden shackles But no compassion of the Parthians nor respect of any consanguinity was the occasion of this their clemency towards Demetrius but because the Parthians affected the Kingdom of Syria they determined to make use of Demetrius against his brother Antiochus as the opportunity of time or the fortune of the war should require This being understood Antiochus thinking it discretion to take the advantage to begin the war did conduct his Army which he had hardened with many neighbouring wars against the Parthians But his preparation for luxury was no less then for the carrying on of the war for three thousand of his black guard followed eight thousand of the armed men amongst whom also a great number were Cooks Bakers and Players and all of them so abounding with Gold and Silver that the common Soldiers had their shoes enterlaced with Gold and trod upon that mettal for the love of which all other Nations do fight with steel In their Kitchings also their instruments were of silver as if they advanced rather to keep some great feast then to prosecute a war Anticohus approaching many Kings of the East did meet him who in detestation of the Parthian Pride delivered themselves and their kingdoms to him Not long after the battail began and Antiochus having overthrown his Enemies in three several fields and possessed himself of Babylon he was called Antiochus the great And the people in all the neighbouring Nations revolting to him there was nothing left to the Parthians but their own Country and the boundaries of it At the same time Phrahartes sent Demetrius into Syria with a considerable Army of the Parthians to possess himself of his own Kingdom that upon that account Antiochus should be called off from Parthia to defend his own Interests And because he could not overcome him by strength he did every where attempt him by Stratagems The Army of Antiochus abounding with multitudes the winter coming on he quartered his Army in several Cities which was the cause of his destruction For when the Cities beheld themselves oppressed with the billeting the injuries of the soldiers they revolted to their old Masters the Parthians and on a prefixed day by treacheries they did all assault the divided Army that thereby one might be disabled to bring assistance unto the other Which when Antiochus understood being resolved to relieve those who were next unto him he advanced with that party which with him had their winter quarters In his way he encountred with the King of the Parthians against whom in his person he fought more couragioâ—sly then all his Armie At last when he had overcome his enemies by fine force being abandoned of his own Souldiers through the treacherie of their fear he was slain Phrahartes did bestow upon him the solemnitie of magnificent funerals after the manner of Kings and being taken with the love of the Virgin did marrie the daughter of Demetrius which Antiochus had brought along with him and began to repent that ever he suffered Demetrius to go away and having sent in full speed several troops of horse to fetch him back they found him in safetie in his own Kingdom fearing the same design of Phrahartes and having in vain attempted all things to reduce him they returned to their own King THE Nine and thirtyeth BOOK OF IVSTINE ANtiochus being overthrown in Parthia with his Armie his Brother Demetrius being delivered from the Captivitie of the Parthians and restored to his own Kingdom when all Syria was in lamentation by reason of the loss of the Armie as if he had happily managed his own and his Brothers wars with Parthia in which the one of them was taken and the other slain he was resolved to make another war in Egypt his mother in law Cleopatra having promised him that Kingdom as the reward of his assistance against her Brother But whiles he affected the possessions of other men as oftentimes it comes to pass he lost his own by the revolt of Syria for the Antiochians first of all under the command of their General Trypho having in detestation the pride of their King which became intolerable by the exercise of his Parthian crueltie and after them the Apamenians and other Cities following their examples did revolt from King Demetrius in his absence But Ptolomy King of Egypt having his Kingdom invaded by him when he understood that his sister Cleopatra having taken with her the wealth of Egypt was fled unto her Daughter and to Demetrius her Son in law did suborn a
young man of Egypt the son of Protarchus a Merchant who by armes should demand the Kingdom of Syria and the plot was laid as if he had been received into the Royal Family by the adoption of King Antiochus and the Syrians despising not any who was imposed upon them to be their King the name of this their King that they might no longer endure the arrogance of Demetrius was called Alexander and great aides were sent him out of Egypt In the mean time the bodie of Antiochus slain by the King of the Parthians was brought in a silver Coffin being sent by him to be buried in Syria which was received with infinite solemnitie both from all the Cities and from King Alexander himself to leave a fairer gloss upon the fable and this procured him the general favour and acclamations of the people all men believing that his tears came as much from his heart as from his eyes But Demetrius being overcome by Alexander when he was besieged round with calamities he was at last forsaken by his own wife and children Being therefore leâ—t with a few poor servants when he repaired to Tyrus to defend himself there by the religion of the Temple going out of the Ships he was killed by the commandment of the Lieutenant Seleucus one of his Sons because he assumed the Diademe without the Authoritie of his mother was slain by her the other whose Name by reason of the greatness of his Nose was Gryphus was ordained King as yet by the mother that the Name of the King might be with the Son but all the command of Soveraigntie with the mother But Alexander having seized upon the Kingdom of Syria being puffed up with the vanitie of his present success did begin now by a contumelious arrogance to despise Ptolomy himself by whom he was advanced into the Kngdom Ptolomy therefore having reconciled himself unto his sister did endeavor with all his power to destroy the Kingdom of Alexander which in the hatred to Demetrius he had procured to him by his own power To which purpose he sent Auxiliaries into Greece to Gryphus and his daughter Gryphina to be espoused to him that he might sollicite the people to the aide of his Nephew not onely by his affinity to him but by the societie of the war Neither was it in vain for when all perceived Gryphus recruited with the Egyptian forces they did by degrees begin to revolt from Alexander Not long after the battaile was â—ought in which Alexander being conquered did flie to Antiochia Being there destitute of money and the Souldiers complaining for want of pay he commanded the Effigies of VICTORY being all of solid Gold to be taken away from the Temple of Jupiter laughing at the Sacriledge with this scorn of prophanâ—r witâ— for VICTORY he said was lent him by Jupiter Not long after when he commanded â—â—e Effigies of Jupiter himself being all of beaten Gold and of an infinâ—â—e weight to be taken away he was met with in the Sacriledge and enforced to fly by reason of the concourse of the multitude and a great Tempest following him he was taken by Thieves being forsaken of his own men and was by them brought unto Gryphus who did put him to death Gryphus having recovered his fathers Kingdom and being delivered from all forrein dangers was set upon by the Son of his own Mother who in her immoderate desire of Soveraigntie having betrayed her Husband Demetrius and killed one of her Sons and complaining that her Dignitie suffered Diminution by the greatness and the Victories of her Son she offered him a Boule of poyson as he came hot from hunting But Gryphus having notice of this treason as if he would contend with his mother in complement desired her to drink first her self but she refusing it he grew importunate upon her at the Iast the witness being produced did convict her and affirmed that she had nothing left to defend her self but onely to drink that which she offered to her Son The Queen being thus overcome her wickedness being turned upon her self she died by the same poyson which she had prepared for another Gryphus having obtained securitie for his Kingdom did live for the space of eight years secure himself At the last he found a Rival in his Kingdom it was his Brother Cyricaenus born of the same mother but begotten of his Uncle Antiochus whom when he endeavored to take away by poyson he exasperated him to contend with him the sooner in Arms for his establishment in the Kingdom Amongst these parricidial discords in the kingdom of Syria Ptolomy King of Egypt dyed the kingdom of Egypt being left to his wife and to one of his Sons whom she should make choice of to succeed him as if the State of Egypt should be more quiet then the Kingdom of Syria when the mother having elected one of her Sons to be her successor should have the other to be her enemie Therefore when she was more inclined to her younger Son she was compelled by the people to make choice of the elder to whom before she would give the Kingdom she took away his wife and inforced him to divorce from his bed his most dear sister Cleopatra and to marrie his yonnger sister Seleuce not with the impartialâ—tie of a motherly affection to her two daughters having taken a husband from one of them and given him unto the other But Cleopatra being not so much forsaken by her husband as dismissed from him by the willfulness of her mother was married afterwards to Cyricaenus in Syria and that she should not bring him the bare and emptie name onely of a wife she sollicited the Armie of Cyprus and having engaged them to her she brought them as a Dowrie to her husband Cirycaenus being now equall to him in strength the battaile was fought and Cyricaenus being overcome was put to flight and came to Antioch which was presently besieged by Gryphus in which Citie was also Cleopatra the wife of Cyricaenus the Citie being taken Gryphina the wife of Gryphus commanded nothing more earnestly then that her sister Cleopatra should be sought out not to assist her in her Captivity but to be sure that she might not escape the calamitie of it because that in the emulation of her she did come into that Kingdom and by marrying the enemie of her sister did make her self an enemie unto her she accused her for drawing forreign Armies into the contestation of the Brothers and that it was not for nothing that she was divorced from her Brother and that she married another without the Kingdom of Egypt against the will of her mother On the other side Gryphus did desire her that she would not compell him to commit so foul a crime and that never any of his Ancestors after so many wars both at home and abroad having overcome their enemies did offer any violence to the women whom their sex did exempt from the danger of the war and from the crueltie
the indignity of new injuries did more exasperate them Therefore in the battel when they perceived the Army of the Parthians deeply engaged they revolted to the Enemy and executed their long desired revenge on the Parthian Army by their slaughter of them and by the death of their King Phrahartes himself In his place his Uncle Artabanus was chosen King The Scythians being contented with the Victory having plundred their Country return home But Artabanus having made War upon the Inhabitants of Colchos and received a wound in his arm not long after deceased by the anguish of it His Son Mithridates did succeed him whose Atchievements did gain him the same name of GREAT for being enflamed with the emulation of the Acts of his Predecessors he excelled their glories by the greatness of his vertues he made many Wars with his neighbours where he shewed great demonstrations of his valour and added many Nations to the Parthian Kingdom and having made many prosperous Wars against the Scythians he revenged the injuries of his Predecessors and made War at last upon Artoadistes King of the Armenians But because we have here a passage opened to Armenia we will in the first place derive its original from the first beginning neither is it fit that it should be passed by in silence it being so great a Kingdom whose bounds Parthia being excepted doth exceed the magnitude of any Kingdom whatsoever for Armenia lies open from Cappadocia towards the Caspian Sea eleven hundred miles in length the latitude of it conteineth but seven hundred onely It was founded by Armenius the Companion of Jason the Thessalian whom when King Pelias desired to have destroyed by reason of his excellent valour thinking him dangerous to his Kingdom he was commanded to be one of the adventurers into Colchos to bring home the Fleece of the Ram so famous amongst all Nations the King hoping that he would be destroyed either by the length of the Expedition or by war amongst the most barbarous of the Nations Jason therefore the report being spread abroad of that glorious expedition when the most noble of the youth of the whole world did strive who first should come into that service did compose an Army of most excellent men who were called Argonautae whom after great atchievements when he had brought back safe into Greece they were with great force beaten from Thessaly by the Sons of Pelias Jason therefore with a great multitude who on the report of his glory came daily out of all Nations to him his Wife Medea being his companion whom having repudiated he again in the commiseration of her banishment did take into the participation of his Bed and Medius his Stepson begotten by Aegeus King of the Athenians did return to Colchos and restored there his Father-in-law driven from the Kingdom After that he made great Wars against the neighbours and added to the Kingdom of his Father-in-law divers Cities that were taken to take away the injury of the former War in which he both took by force his daughter Medea and killed Aegâ—alus the Son of Aetas and part of them he distributed to the people whom he had brought with him to serve him in his Wars He was the first of all men who subdued that part of the world Hercules and Bacchus excepted who were said to be the Conquerors and the Kings of all the East To some of the people he assigned Phrygius and Ansistratus to be their Generals who were the drivers of the Chariot of Castor and Pollux he made a league also with the Albanians who having followed Hercules out of the Mount Albania in Italy after he had slain Geryon did drive his Cattel through Italy and who being mindful from whence they derived their Original did in the War of Mithridates salute the Army of Cneius Pompeius by the name of brethren All the East therefore did erect Temples and constitute Divine Honours to him which many years afterwards Parmenio Lieutenant General under Alexander the Great did command to be pulled down and abolished that no name in the East should be of more veneration then the name of Alexander himself After the death of Jason Medus was the emulator of his vertues who in the honour of his Mother Medea did build a City and called it after her name and founded the Kingdom of the Medes after his own name in the Majesty whereof the Empire afterwards did a long time flourish The Amazonians are near unto the Albanians whose Queen Thalestris desired for generation to have the carnal knowledge of Alexander the Great as we finde it asserted by several Authors Armenius also being himself a Thessalian and one in the number of Jasons Captains having recollected a considerable party that wandred up and down after the death of Jason did plant Armenia from whose Hills the River Tygris doth first flow but with small beginnings and after some space she hides her self under Earth through which running undiscovered for the space of five and twenty miles she sheweth again her self and appears a great and violent River in the Country of Sophone from whence falling down is received into the waters of Euphrates But Mithridates King of the Parthians after the war of Armenia was expelled by the Senate from the Parthian Kingdom by reason of his cruelty His brother Horodes having possessed himself of the vacant Kingdom did for a long time besiege Babylonia whither Mithridates fled and at last compelled the Inhabitants being oppressed by famine to surrender themselves and Mithridates of his own accord in confidence of the contiguity of his blood did deliver himself unto the power of Horodes But Horodes taking him to be rather an enemy then his brother did in his own presence command him to be slain After this he made War upon the Romans and overthrew Crassus the Roman General with his Son and all the Roman Army His Son Pacocus having performed great atchievements in Syria and being sent to pursue the relicts of the Roman Army was called back into Parthia being suspected by his Father in whose absence the Army of the Parthians being left in Syria were slain by Cassius the Quaestor of Crassus with all their Captains This being performed not long after there did arise the Civil Wars of the Romans betwixt Caesar and Pompey in which the Parthians took the part of Pompey both by reason of their association with him in the war with Mithridates because of the death of Crassus whose Son they heard did side with Caesar and who they doubted not would thoroughly revenge his Fathers death if Caesar were the Conqueror Therefore Pompey and all his party being overcome they afterwards sent their Auxiliaries to Cassius and Brutus against Augustus and Antonius and after the end of that war having entred into a league with Labienus they made desolate with their Armies both Syria and Asia and being as high in their resolutions as their numbers they assaulted the Camp of Ventidius who after Cassius
Pannonia by the Sarmatians and France by the neighbouring Nations having lived seventy eight years he was destroyed by the treachery of Caligula Caius Caesar Caligula CAligula raigned four years he was the Son of Germanicus and because he was born in the Army he took his name according to the shooe the Souldiers do wear which the Latines call Caligula Before he was made Emperor he was dear and acceptable to all but after he was invested with the Empire he was such a one that not undeservedly it was said of him That there was never a more cruel Lord then himself He defiled his three sisters and did wear that manner of habit in which his gods were cloathed he affirmed himself to be Jupiter for his incest and amongst the roaring Boyes he called himself Bacchus I know not well whether it be expedient to commit his name to memory but because we delight to know all things concerning Princes and that wicked men might decline such bad Examples for the fear of infamy I have inserted his name in this Catalogue he caused noble Matrons to be prostituted in his Palace unto publick lust and was the first who having set the Diadem on his head did command himself to be called Lord. In the space of three miles in the Bay of Puteoli having cast up the sand and made the ground firm and passable being clothed in habiliaments wrought all over with gold and having on his head a Crown of Brass he did ride as triumphant in a Chariot drawn with two horses richly entrapped not long afterwards he was killed by his own Souldiers Claudius Tiberius CLaudius Tiberius the Son of Drusus the Brother of Tiberius and Uncle to Caligula did Reign fourteen years He when the Senate had decreed that the stock of the Caesars should be rooted out being found by the Souldiers where he laie hid in a blinde hole because he seemed to them to be a modest and a tame thing they having no knowledge at all of him was made Emperor He was much addicted unto drunkenness glutrony and lust cowardly and almost stupid slothful and timerous and a slave to the commands of his servants and his wife In his time Scribonianus Carmillus being made Emperor amongst the Dalmatians was immediately put to death The Moores were expelled from their Provinces and the Armie of the Masulamians was overthrown and the water called Aqua Claudia was brought unto Rome His wife Messalina at the first privately and afterwards openly and as it were by Authoritie did pollute her self with adulteries and many for fear abstaining to join with her were put to death Afterwards being inflamed with a more desperate lust she commanded the most noble of the Matrons and the Virgins to go along with her and to do as she did and men were compelled to be present and if any one did refuse he was immediately accused of one capital crime or other and he and his whole Family were condemned to suffer all the tormen's that crueltie could invent insomuch that she seemed to command all her self rather then to be subject to the Emperor her husband And her servants made free being preferred to the places of the cheifest Authoritie they did pollute all things with their whoredoms and murders and banishments and proscriptions amongst whom she made Felix Governor of the Legions in Iudaea At the triumph over the Britains she gave unto Possidius the Eunuch a gallant suit of Arms as a partaker of this victorie amongst the most valiant of the Souldiers in the mean time Polybus in greâ— state did walk in the midst of the two Consuls Narcissus the Secretarie did surpass them all and seemed to be his masters master Pallas being honored with the Robes of a Praetor was grown so rich that he being the cause of the great Dehaust of moneys in the Exchequer it was wittily divulged in the Libel that the Emperor might have supplies of monie enough if he might be received by his two slaves into their societie In this time a Phoenix was seen in Egypt which bird they say did flie out of Arabia in the five hundred year of its age to some memorable places thereabouts An Island did suddenly rise up out of the Aegean Sea This Claudius married Agrippina the daughter of his own Brother Germanicus who procured the Empire for her Son and first made away her step-son by manifold treacheries and afterwards her own husband by poyson He lived threescore and four years whose Funeral as sometimes the Funeral of Tarquinius Priscus was a long time concealed whilest the Guard corrupted by the craft and largesses of this woman did dissemble that he was but sick Nero his step-son did take upon him the Government of the Empire Domitian Nero. DOmitian Nero the Son of Domitian Aenobarbus and Agrippina reigned sixteen years He for the space of five years seemed tolerable whereupon some have delivered that the Emperor Trajan was accustomed to say That all Princes do differ much from the first five years of Nero. He builded in the City an Amphitheatre and places to bathe in By the permission of Polemon Regulus he reduced Pontus into the form of a Province whereupon it was called Pontus Polemoniacus he also reduced the Cottian Alps Cottius the King thereof being dead the rest of his life he did lead with such infamie and dishonor that any one might be ashamed but to make mention of it for he made such a progress in all wickedness that he spared not either his own or any others modestie and at the last being cloaâ—hed in the habite of Virgins when they are to be married the Senate openly being called and the Dowrie named the people flocked round about as to a wedding and being covered with the skin of a wilde beast he shewed to both sexes many proofs of abhorred lust He defiled his own mother and afterwards killed her he married Octavia and Sabina surnamed Poppea their husbands being slain Not long afterwards Galba in Spain and Caius Julius did attempt to dispossess him of the Empire when he understood of the approach of Galba and that it was decreed by the Senate that his neck being put into a fork after the antient manner he should be whipped to death with rods being forsaken on all sides he did steal out of the Citie about midnight and none following him but Phaon Epaphroditus Nephitus and the Eunuch Sporus whom somtimes Nero had assaied in the spite of nature to turn into a woman he did thrust himself through with a sword the impure Eunuch Sporus helping his trembling hand and when he found that there was none of them that would kill him outright he cried out Is it so have I neither a friend left me nor an enemie I have lived wickedly and shall die as wretchedly He died in the two and thirtieth year of his age the Persians so much did love him that they sent Embassadors to desire leave that they might be permitted to build a Monument
to it In the mean time Constantius and Constans fell at variance about the Dominions of Italy and Africa Constantius a rash man and living like a Plunderer being filthily drunk whiles he endeavoured to intrench upon his Brothers possessions did lose his own and being taken was killed and thrown into the River of Alsa not far from Aquileia Constans given much to hunting whiles he followed the game in the Forrest Chrestius Marcellinus and Magnentius with some others of the Souldiery did conspire his death and having agreed upon the day Marcellinus amongst many others did invite him to Supper in pretence of celebrating the birth day of his Son The Feast continuing late in the night Magnentius arising as he said to ease his belly did put on the venerable habit of the Emperor which when Constans understood he made means to flie away but was over-taken and slain by Gaiso who with a select band of the Cavalry was sent after him This was done at Helena a Town not far from Peirene in the thirteenth year of his Raign he was made Caesar three years before and he lived seven and twenty years He was lame in his feet and had the Gout also in the joynts of his fingers In the Division of his Dominion he was fortunate in the temperature of the Ayr in the abundance of fruits and for not being annoyed by the Barbarians which benefits had indeed been greater if he had advanced his Lieutenants into the Government of the Provinces not by money but by merit His death being understood Vetranius the General of the Army did take upon him the Empire in Pannonia of which he was not long afterwards dispossed by Constantius he lived to a great age and in a voluptuous life being foolish almost to Idotism it self Constantius COnstantius made Gallus his Uncles son Caesar and marryed him to his Sister Constantina Magnentius also at that time beyond the Alpes did create his kinsman Decentius Caesar And Nepotianus the Son of Eutrophia who was Constantines sister did assume the Government of the Empire at Rome whom Magnentius in the eight and twentyeth day afterwards did suppress In his time there was a great Battel fought at Marsia in which Constantius overcame Magnentius The strength of Rome did never more suffer then in this War and the Fortunes of the whole Empire were desperately shaken Magnentius after this having retreated into Italy did kill at Thicanum many of his pursuing Enemies who too improvidently did follow the chase as it oftentimes falls out in Victories Not long afterwards being shut up in Lions with a prepared sword the pommel of it being set to the Wall level to his breast with all his strength and the whole weight of his body he received the point which running through him being a man of a great bulk pouring forth his blood not onely at his wound but as his mouth and his nose also he expired in the thirteenth Moneth of his Government and the fiftyeth year of his Age His Parents were of Gallia he was a great Reader acute in his Discourse of a proud spirit and yet immoderately fearful but a great Artist to conceal his fear under bold pretences Decentius no sooner heard of his death but strangling himself with his own Garter he ended his life Much about this time Gallus Caesar was slain by Constantius he ruled four years Silvanus SIlvanus being made Emperor was slain in the eight and twentyeth day of his Government he was of a most pleasing and courtly wit although begotten by a barbarous Father he was sufficiently instructed in and prone enough to learn the Roman civilities Constantius COnstantius did honour Claudius Julianus the Brother of Gallus with the name of Caesar being about three and twenty years of Age. He in the Feilds of Argentoratum in France did slay an innumerable company of his Enemies The bodies of the slain being piled up did seem like so many Hills and the blood that flowed from them did seem like so many Rivers Their famous King Nodonarius was taken all the Nobility were utterly overthrown and the limits of the Roman Power were restored At the last fighting with the Almains he took their most puissant King Badomarius Prisoner By the Souldiers of Gallia he was proclaimed Augustus but Constantius did urge him by his Ambassadors to abandon that honour and to discend into his former name and condition Julianus IVlian by softer Mandates did make Answer that he more officiously would obey if the injunction laid upon him were confirmed by the Authority of the high Empire whereat Constantius being greatly offended being more and more inflamed with grief and choler did contract a violent Feaver at Mopsocrene being situated at the foot of the Mountain Taurus His indignation and want of sleep did increase the malignancy of his disease so that he dyed in the four fortyeth years of his age and the nine thirtyeth of his Raign having been Augustus four and twenty years and raigned with Magnentius and his own brothers sixteen years and eight years alone He was fortunate in all his Civil Wars but most unhappy in Forraign Wars He was admirably expert in Archery and much given to meat wine and to sleep very patient of labour and desirous of eloquence which not being able to obtain he envyed others He was much given to the love of his Attendants and Eunuchs and to the love of his Wives with whom he lived very contented not turning his lawful affections to any unnatural or filthy lusts Amongst all his wives he loved Eusâ—lia best who indeed was very beautiful but by her Amantiae and Gordoniae and other importunate services she much blemished the Emperors reputation contrary to the custome of modest Ladies whose saving Counsels do oftentimes much assist their Husbands To omit other Examples it is almost incredible how much Pompeia Plotina encreased the glory of Trajan whose procurators did so oppress the Provinces that one of them is said in these words to salute every rich man he did meet with What hast thou on thy Table From whence hast thou it Deliver what thou hast She understanding of it did reprove her Husband that he was so unmindful of his Honour and caused him so much to detest such exactions that he afterwards called his Exchequer the Milt because that the Milt swelling too much all the rest of the members do consume Julianus having invested himself in the Government of the Roman Empire being desirous of glory did make War upon the Persians where being deceived by a Fugitive sent by the Parthians for that purpose who had round about inclosed him and begun to fall upon his Camp he armed onely with his shield did run out of his Tent and in too rash valour leading forth his Forces to the battel he was run through with a Spear by one of his Enemies rising from the ground being mortally wounded he was carried into his Tent and coming forth again to encourage his Souldiers to
Orators and Captains p. 158 Alexander in many battels having overthrown the Persians doth put upon them the yoak of servitude p. 274 Alexander marryeth Statyra the daughter of Darius p. 196 Alexander would be worshipped as a God and be called the Son of Jupiter Hammon p. 169 Alexander the Great conspired against by Alexander Lyncestes p. 161 Alexander the revenger of his Fathers death p. 153 Alexander determined to die of hunger p. 188 Alexander given to Wine and Choler p. 146 Alexander grievously wounded p. 195 Alexander his dangerous feaver at the River Cydnus p. 171 Alexanders dead body to be convayed to Hammon by his own command p. 202 Alexander King of Epirus was dis-invested by Antigonus of his Kingdom p. 354 Alexander Caesar p. 586 Alexandria on Tanais builded by Alexander the Great p. 140 Alexandria in Aegypt builded by him p. 169 The Original of the Amazones p. 30 The coming of their Queen Thalestris to Alexander the Great p. 33 Amilco succeeded Hamilcar p. 282 Amilco killed himself p. 285 Amphitryo dedicated Athens to Minerva p. 36 The justice of Anaxilaus p. 75 Annabal made Captain before he was at mans estate p. 372. Annibal sixteen years a Conqueror in Italy p. 447 Annibals policy to avoyd the envie and the danger that might attend his great wealth p. 408. Annibals stratagem to overcome by Serpents p. 409 Annibals death by poyson ibid. Annibalianus Caesar p. 590 Antigonus killed by Sandrocottus p. 243 Antigonus threw the Diadem from him p. 367 Antigonus War with Perdiccas p. 217 Antiochus killed by the Parthians p. 461 462 Antiochus overcome and slain in banishment p. 362 Antiochus overcome by the Romans p. 401 Antiochus suspected Hannibal p. 392 Antiochus restored his Son to Africanus p. 397 Antiochia builded by Seleucus p. 242 Antipater killeth his Mother Thessalonice p. 245 All the Family of Antipater extinguished p. 248 Antoninus Caesar the Pious p. 558 Appollo revenging himself against Brennus p. 341 Appius Claudius breaking the Peace with Pyrrhus p. 266 The use of Honey and Runnet found out by Aristaeus p 220 The Arabians weak and impotent 473 Abdolominus made King of Sidon from the lowest degree of Fortune 167 Archidamus Commander of the Lacedemonians wounded p. 108 The Argonauts p. 407 492 The Argyraspides overcome by Antigonus p. 227 Aridaeus the Son of Philip raigneth in Macedonia p. 156 Aristides p. 57 Aristotimus the Tyrant of the Epirots his cruelty p. 351 Aristonicus overcome by the Consul Perpenna p. 433 Aristotle Tutor to Alexander the Great p. 204 The greatness of Armenia and description of it p. 490 Armenius the companion of Jason 491 Ascanius succeeded his Father Aeneas p. 503 Arsaces the common name of the Parthian Kings p 484 Arsacides his mercy to conquered Demetrius p. 458 Arsinoës departure into banishment p. 332 Artabanus killed Xerxes and he himself slain by Artaxerxes p 52 53 Artaxerxes had one hundred and fifteen Sons p. 148 Artemisia that memorable and gallant Queen p. 51 Arymbas made Laws for the Epirots p. 260 Asia the cause of many Wars reduced into the power of the people of Rome p. 433 Assyrians afterwards called Syrians how long they held the Empire p. 6 Astyages of a King made Governor of the Hyrcanians p. 13 Athens one of the eyes of Greece p. 92 Athis the daughter of Cranaus gave a name unto it p. 36 The Athenians hated by all men p. 82 The great wars of the Athenians with the Lacedemonians p. 88 The Athenians the inventors of Oyl Wine and the manufactures of Wooll p. 36 Attalus his Parricides and death p. 431 Attilius his war against Antiochus p. 403 Augustus Caesar his life and death p. 526 c. Aurelian Caesar and his gorgeous habiliments p. 578 B BAbylon builded by Semiramis p. 5 Bactrians lose their liberty and all things p. 485 Barce builded by Alexander p. 196 Butti who so called p. 219 Belgius Commander of the Gauls p. 334 Beronice having revenged the wrong offered to her was killed by deceit p. 358 Bessus delivered by Alexander to the brother of Darius p. 186 The River Bilbilis in which the Spaniards dip their sleel p. 518 Bomilcar fastned to the Cross p. 316 Brennus Captain of the Gauls killed himself at Delphos p. 341 Brundusium builded by the Aetolians p. 180 The Brutians overthrew Alexander of Epirus p. 181 Bucephala builded by Alexander in the memory of his Horse so called p. 192 Byrsa the City of Carthage so called from the Hide of an Ox p. 273 Byzantium besieged by Pyrrhus p. 134 C CAepio the Roman Consul took away the Gold at Tholouzi p. 406 Caligula why so called p. 533 Calimander his faithfulness to Demetrius p. 459 Calisthenes the Philosopher his lamentable end because he would not adore Alexander the great p. 190 Cambyses demolished the Temple of Apis and his Army overwhelmed afterwards at the Temple of Hammon p. 17 Candaules King of the Lydians p. 14 The Cappadocians overcome by Perdiccas burns all their moveables with themselves p. 216 Caracalla Caesar p. 567 Caranus the first King of Macedonia by the Conduct and direction of Goats buildeth the City of Edyssa p. 114 Carthage builded before Rome seventy two years p. 276 The Carthaginians forbid to speak or write in Grerk p. 295 The Carthaginians war with the Sicilians p. 75 Carus Caesar p. 580 Cassander killeth Alexander with his Mother Arsinoe p. 237 Castor and Pollux propitious and present to the Locrensians p. 289 Cecrops King of the Athenians p. 36 Ceres her holy Mysteries p. 81 Caribdis that dangerous gulf p. 74 Chrestos killed by Mithridates p. 450 Chion and Leonides conspire against Clearchus p. 254 Cimon overcometh Xerxes by Sea and Land and his piety to his Father p. 57 58 Civil war betwixt Caesar and Pompey p. 494 Claudius Tiberius p. 531 Claudius Caesar ibid. Clearchus banished amongst the Heraclians and his cruelty towards them p. 255 Cleopatra the daughter of Philip marrieth Alexander King of the Epirots p. 141 Cleopatra marryed her own brother Ptolomy and the execrable murders committed by him p. 455 Cleophis redeemed her Kingdom by yielding to the lust of Alexander p. 191 Clytus killed by Alexander p. 187 Cocceius Nerva p. 550 Codoman made Governor of the Armenians p. 151 Codrus the last King of the Athenians and his noble death p. 37 Commodus Caesar p. 563 Conon banished to Cyprus p. 100 Constans Caesar p. 590 Constantinus Caesar p. 587 Constantius Caesar ibid. Corcyra taken by Ptolomy p. 347 Corinth demolished p. 417 Crassus with all his Army overthrown by Horodes p. 432 Critias and Hippolochus their just deaths p. 95 Craesus King of the Lydians taken p. 13 Cyclops heretofore Inhabiting Sicily p. 75 Cynegyrus his great fortitude p. 42 The Cyprian Virgins provide them dowries by the prostitution of their bodies p. 272 Cyrini builded by Aristaeus p. 219 Cyricaenus killeth Gryphina p. 470 Cyrus maketh war on the Medes p. 11 Cyrus maketh war on the Sythians p. 16 Cyrus