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A52872 A New and exact description of Moscovy (1.) containing its state antient and modern, situation, extent, latitude, division into provinces, rivers, soile, sterility, and fertility, with the commoditys, and observations on the extreamitys of weather hot and cold, (2.) of the citys and towns, fortification and manner of building ... (3.) of their religion, marriages, ... (4.) of the government ... (5.) their military affairs ... (6.) the revenues of the czar ... (7.) the succession of the royal house of Muscovy ... : the whole containing all that is necessary to be known concerning that vast empire. 1698 (1698) Wing N541; ESTC R38883 23,009 33

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something more in value than an English Peney 10 of them make a Greven 3 Capecks are call d an Altine by which Contracts and Bargains are usually made 33 Altines and one Capeck make a Rubble At Arch-Angel there is an Exchange practic'd and the Price of Russ Mony bears as the scarcety or plenty will allow The Receipts begin in August to return in London about the latter end of December The Weights chiefly in use are the Pood by which all fine Goods are weighed as Beaver Silk Wool c. but for gross Goods they have a Weight call'd the Berzovet accounted 10 Poods or the Russship-Pound computed to be 360 Pound Averdupois so that all Goods bought by this Weight are accounted to be 10 Per cent profit so that many have recon'd Goods so bought to pay the Freight with over-weight and all Goods bought by the Pood to be 10 Per cent less The Measure of length is call'd the Archin and is accounted 28 English Inches so that 100 Archins are supposed to produce Incirca 78 yards of London Measure Oyle mostly Fish-Oyle they sell by the Barrel each Barrel accounted half a Hogshead Concave Measures are little us'd in Trade As for their Furs of which they have many sorts as Bever Otter White Red Black and Dun Fox Sables Martins Minever c. they are usually sold by the Timber Weight or Tale and much coveted by Merchant Strangers who purchase them at dear rates and send them into most Countrys of Europe and Asia and into the other parts of the World They take upon the Coast abundance of Seals which is done in this manner they carry their Boats over the Ice to open Water and finding their haunts where they lye basking on huge Flakes of Ice in a Sunshiney day coming out of the Sea for that purpose they hem them in with their Boats and with great Clubs striking them on the Nose quickly kill them their Skins are good Merchandice and of their Fat they make a sort of Redish Oyle There is another Sea-Creature called a Morse who has Teeth about a foot long by the help of which he clambers up Rocks to seek for Prey and for the sake of his Teeth they take him which exceeds Ivory and are of great esteem among them They have in some parts of the Country White Fox Grey and Red Squirrils a large Water-Rat whose Skin smells naturaly like Muske They have also Wulberins They have likewise a Beast called Losh or Buff whose Skin turns to very good account They have a Fish called Ribzuba whose Teeth are as fine as Ivory and used for heads of Knives Sword-hafts c. Likewise some use the Powder to Antedote Poison as the Vnicorns horne this I hold to be the same with the Morse The word Ribzuba in their Language rather signifieing the Tooth than the Fish for it is caught about Pecliora or Petzora some of them have been found with their Teeth of 2 foot long weighing 11 Pound or more They have in the Woods and Mountains many wild Horses also flying Squirils having Tufts of hair growing to their Shouldiers like Wings which makes them seem to fly when they take vast leaps from one Tree to another their Tails are much broader than others which shakes and spreads as they leap and so facilitates them in their Agillity They have Hares the colour of ours in Summer but in Winter they change their Coats into Milk-white and the Squirils the like from a Redish unto a Grey whereof cometh the Calaber They have store of Deer Roe-Bucks and Goats in some parts Elks on which the Semoids on their borders Ride and cause their Sleads to be drawn by Harts or Ollins large Dogs c. Their Horses and Sheep are but small yet both good in their kind As for Fowl they have great plenty as the Egle-Hawks of several kinds The Swan Wild and Tame the Stork and Crane the Tedder of the colour of a Phesant but much biger living in the Firr-woods of Phesant and Partridge they have great plenty The Owls in Moscovy are exceeding large their Ears as big as a Man's and much like them They have many River-Fish common with ours as Pike Carp Roaeh Tench c. but others altogether strange to us as the Behlouga or Bellougiva 4 or 5 Ells long The Severinga or Sterledy somewhat in fashion and tast like a Sturgeon but not so thick nor long The Ribela or White Salmon these are found in great plenty in the River Volga and other Rivers in a River near the Town of Perislave they take a Fish like our Herring but not so big They have abundance of Salt-wells turning to great advantage in making Salt and near Astracan the Sea-Water being thrown up among the Rocks in the hot weather the Sun makes it into Hills of Salt they have in this Country a Lucid Slate cut out of a Rock which being split into thin slivers serves as Trasparent Glass and in the Rivers near the Bay of St. Nicholas several Rocks of Alablaster but not to wade too far in matters that to some may seem Trival I intend to close with what may yet seem more worthy of Note CHAP. VII The Succession of the Royal Houses of Moscovy for about 1600 years to the present CZAR giving an Historical account of their Victorys Enlarging their Dominions the Revolutions that have happen'd in the State The manner of the Corronation and other things of the like nature The CZAR or great Duke of Moscovys Honourable Titles The Impress of the Broad Seal Degrees of Nobility c. THe Succession of the Government of that vast Country now call'd Moscovy in part and in the whole has been of Antient standing as will appear in the following brief History brought down to the present CZAR Peter Alexowitz The Dukes of Moscovy are held though it may be thought something doubtful from Augustus Caesar the second Roman Emperour however according to other Historians Writing of this matter I shall trace it from hence to an undoubted certainty as the times came nearer to us and briefly touch on what memorably happen'd by the way They tell us that Augustus Caesar sent some of his near Kindred to be Governours in these Parts and amongst them one Prussus who Named his Province or Government Prussia which lay on the Eastern Baltic Shoar by the River Wixel of whom Rurek Sirianus and Truvrio decending by the fourth Generation were by the Russians then living without Civil Government sent for Anno. Dom. 573 to bear Rule over them at the perswasion of Gostomislius chief Magistrate of Novogrod and taking with them Olechus their Kinsman they had by common Consent the Government of those Countrys divided amongst them and all but Rurek dying without Issue Vorson his Son succeeded him in the whole Government as it had been Agreed amongst them who took to Wife Olba Daughter to a Citizen of Plesco who brought him a Son call'd Stoslaus who succeeded him and was slain
in Battel He left behind him 3 Sons to wit Teropolehus Olega and Volodimir The latter supplanted the two first and took the whole Government upon him and Marry'd Anna Sister to Basilius the Eastern Emperour and with all his People in the year 988. was Baptiz'd as Historians say upon a Miracle perform'd by a Greek Bishop viz. his throwing the Book of the Gospel into the Fire and its remaining there a considerable time untouch'd by the force of that consuming Element Volodimir left behind him 11 Sons among whom he divided his Dominions but Jaroslaus one of them by reason of a division among them got the sole Government into his hands and Volodimir his Son succeeded him holding his Court at Kiow on the River Boristhenes and had great Wars much enlargeing his Borders and was the first that had the Title of CZAR or Caesar confer'd on him by Constan the Greek Emperour who sent him many Rich Gifts After him in descent were Vuszevolodus George Demetrius Then George his Son who in the year 1237 by Bathy a Tartar Prince brought Moscovy under his Subjection making it Tributary to him and the Russ say this Bathy was Father to Tamerlain whom they call Temirkutla Then succeeded Iaroslaus Brother of George and to him Alexander his Son Then Daniel his Son who first made Moscow his Royal Seat builded the Castle and took on him the Title of great Duke and was succeeded by John his Son Sirnam'd Kaleta or Scrip as the word signifies because he usually carryed one about him and dealt his Alms out of it to the poor He left the Government to John his Brother and John left it to Demetrius his Son who had two Sons Basilius and George The first Reigning had a Son but doubting his Legitimacy by reason of his Wives Incontinency he left his Brother to succeed him But George dying prefered his Nephew whose Name was Basilius before his own Sons Andrew and Demetrius which occasion'd much disturbance in the State for they wared on their Couzen took him and put out his Eyes yet the Nobles kept their Allegiance and John Vasilwich his Son succeeded him This was he who by his Prudence and Valour first brought the Name of his Country out of obscurity and made it Renown'd in Europe and Asia Stileing himself great Duke of Volodimir Moscovy Novogrod and CZAR of all Russia he won Plosco the then only Wall'd City in all Moscovy and shook off the Tartar Yoke doing many other brave Exploits so that the Poles and bordering Nations on either side courted his Friendship Gabriel his Son succeeded him who changed his Name to Basilius he recover'd a great part of Moscovy from Vitoldus Duke of Lithuania won Smolensko and many other Citys Anno. 1514. Iuan Vasiliwich his Son a Child succeeded him but growing up he stript the Tartars out of the Kingdoms of Cazan and Astracan and took the Princes Captive he made vigorous Wars in Livonia pretending a Right to that Country by Inheritance and did many other admirable things but enclining much to oppress his Nobles they conspir'd and call'd in the Cri n Tartars who committed great Outrages Besieged and burnt the City of Moscow and in it about 80000 people perish'd mostly by the Flames This Prince Reign'd 54 years he had 3 Sons in his Reign the English came the first time by Sea into the North parts of Russia his Eldest Son dyed before him Pheodor his Second Son succeeding he was being a Minor left under the Tuition of Boris Brother to the Empress and Boris by the Deceased's Will adopted third Son to him and here once for all it will not be amiss to give a brief account of the Ceremony in Crowning this great CZAR Forty days Mourning for his Father expir'd he came from his Pallace attended by his Clergy and Nobility to the Church of Blaueshin or Blessedness and hearing Service there proceeded to the Church of St Michael then to that of our Lady being the Cathedral There he was plac'd in a Chair of State his Robe of Gold-Smiths Work all Gold set with Pretious Stones and Pearl The Imperial Crown was then plac'd on his head by the Metropolitan who in doing it Read Exhortations to him of Justice and Peaceable Government Then rising he was Invested with another Robe much Richer than the former his Train born up by 6 Dukes the Staff he held was of a Vnicorns-horn 3 foot and a half long curiously Polish'd and set with Precious Stones a Globe and 6 Crowns were carry'd before him by Princes of the Blood His Horse waited at the Church door covered with an Embrodery of Pearl and the Saddle suitable to the value of 3000 Rubbles There was a kind of Bridge made 3 ways 150 Fathom in length 3 foot high and 2 Fathom broad whereon the CZAR with his Train passed from one Church to another above the vast throng of People The Churches were spread with Cloath of Gold and the Porches with Red Velvet The Bridges with Scarlet and Flannel Cloath which the People got among them when the CZAR had passed and a great many new Coins of Gold and Silver were thrown among them from the Church the Cerimony ended he return'd to the Parliament-House where a stately Banquet after the Russ manner was served up by Noblemen in Plate of Gold and Silver 2 standing on either side his Chair with Battle Axes of Gold This Triumph lasted a Week with many Shows and Pastimes after which Election was made of the Nobles to new Offices and Dignities and all concluded with a peal of 170 Brass Ordinance and 20000 Harquibusses twice discharged as he pass'd with a Train of about 50000 to his Pallace This CZAR Conquer'd the large Country of Siberia and took the King Prisoner overawing the Tartars and doing many other great matters But Boris his Guardian aspiring to the Throne by Treatchery first made away Demetrius the CZAR's Brother and then the CZAR himself and usurp'd the Royal Seat But a Counterfit Demetrius set up by the Poles Invading Moscovy and every where prevailing Boris as 't is thought Poisoned himself for after a full Meal he dyed suddainly in his Pallace and his Wife drinking Poison made her Son and Daughter pledge her of which she and the former dyed but the latter only lightly sipping recover'd Demetrius Evonowich hereupon was Proclaim'd and Crown'd and kept about him Polish-Guards for his securety but had a short and troublesome Reign for being suspected an Imposture the Moscovites Conspired against him rushed into his Pallace before break of day draged him out of his Bed and Slew him with many of his Guards and Favorits To him Succeeded Vasily Evanowich Shusky who had been mainly Instrumental in his destruction and had not long before been at the Block for reporting to have seen the True Demetrius Bury'd but he was recall'd by him he depos'd and advanc'd to be the Instrument of his Ruin It 's reported the Impostor's True Name was Gryfcha the Son