Selected quad for the lemma: son_n

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son_n	daughter_n	father_n	sister_n	30,383	5	10.3399	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51553	A tutor to astronomie and geographie, or, An easie and speedy way to know the use of both the globes, coelestial and terrestrial in six books : the first teaching the rudiments of astronomy and geography, the 2. shewing by the globes the solution of astronomical & geographical probl., the 3. shewing by the globes the solution of problems in navigation, the 4. shewing by the globes the solution of astrological problemes, the 5. shewing by the globes the solution of gnomonical problemes, the 6. shewing by the globes the solution of of [sic] spherical triangles : more fully and amply then hath ever been set forth either by Gemma Frisius, Metius, Hues, Wright, Blaew, or any others that have taught the use of the globes : and that so plainly and methodically that the meanest capacity may at first reading apprehend it, and with a little practise grow expert in these divine sciences / by Joseph Moxon ; whereunto is added Antient poetical stories of the stars, shewing reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictured on the coelestial globe, collected from Dr. Hood ; as also a Discourse of the antiquity, progress and augmentation of astronomie.	Moxon, Joseph, 1627-1691.; Hood, Thomas, fl. 1582-1598.	1659 (1659)	Wing M3021; ESTC R23159	189,557	267

Heaven between the legs of Arctophilax 6. CORONA BOREA the Northern garland consisteth of eight stars yet Ovid saith that it hath nine This was the Garland that Venus gave unto Ariadne when she was married unto Bacchus in the Isle Naxus after that Theseus had forsaken her which Garland Bacchus placed in the Heaven as a token of his love Novidius will have it to be the Crown of the Virgin Mary 7. ENGONASIS This Constellation hath the name because it is expressed under the shape of a man kneeling upon the one knee and is therefore by the Latines called Ingeniculum It containeth 29. stars and wanteth a proper name because of the great diversity of opinions concerning the same For some will have it to be Hercules that mighty Conquerer who for his 12. labours was thought worthy to be placed in the heaven and nigh unto the Dragon whom he overcame Others tell the tale thus That when the Tyta●s fought against the Gods they for fear of the Gyants ran all unto the one side of the heaven whereupon the Heaven was ready to have fallen had not Hercules together with Atlas set his neck unto it and stayed the fall and for this desert he was placed in the Heaven 8 LYRA the Harp it containeth 10. stars whereof thus goeth the Fable The River Nilus swelling above his banks overflowed the Country of Aegypt after the fall whereof there were left in the fields divers kinds of living things and amongst the rest a Tortois● Mercury after the flesh thereof was consumed the sinews still remaining found the same and striking it he made it yeild a certain sound whereupon he made an Harp like unto it having 3. strings and gave it unto Orpheus the son of Cassiopea This Harp was of such excellent sound that Trees Stons Fowls and wild Beasts are said to follow the sound thereof After such time therefore that Orpheus was slain by the women of Thrace the Muses by the good leave of Jupiter and at the request of Apollo placed this Harp in Heaven Novidius will have it to be the Harp of David whereby he pacified the evil spirit of Saul This Constellation was afterwards called Vultur Cad●ens the falling Grype and Falco the Falcon or Timpanum he Timbrel 9 OLOR or Cygnus the Swan called of the Caldaeans Adigege it hath 17. stars of this Constellation the Poets Fable in this manner Jupiter being overtaken with the love of Laeda the wife of Tyndarus King of Oebalia and knowing no honester way to accomplish his desire procured Venus to turn her selfe into an Eagle and himself he turned into the shape of a Swan Flying therefore from the Eagle as from his natural enemy that earnestly pursued him he lighted of purpose in the lap of Leda and as it were for his more safety crept into her bosome The woman not knowing who it was under that shape but holding as she thought the Swan fast in her armes fell a sleep In the mean while Jupiter enjoyed his pleasure and having obtained that he came for betook him again unto his wings and in memorial of his purpose attained under that form he placed the Swan among the stars Ovid calleth this Constellation Milvius the Kite and telleth the tale thus The Earth being greatly offended with Jupiter because he had driven Saturn his father out of his Kingdom brought forth a monstrous Bull which in his hinder parts was like a Serpent and was afterwards called the Fatal-Bull because the Destinies had thus decreed that whosoever could slay him and offer up his entrails upon an Altar should overcome the eternal Gods Briarens that mighty Gyant and ancient enemy of the Gods overcame the Bull and was ready to have offered up his entrails according to the decree of the Destinies But Jupiter fearing the event commanded the Fowls of the Air to snatch them away which although to their power they endavoured yet there was none of them found so forward and apt to that action as the Kite and for that cause he was accordingly rewarded with a place in Heaven Some call this Constellation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is the Bird others call it Vultur●● volans the Flying Grype It is also called Gallina the Hen. Unto this Constellation do belong two unformed stars 10. CASSIOPEIA She consisteth of 13. Stars This was the Wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda whom Perseus married and for his sake was translated into Heaven as some write Others say that her beauty being singular she waxed so proud that she preferred her self before the Nereides which were the Nymphs of the Sea for which cause unto her disgrace and the example of all others that in pride of their hearts would advance themselves above their betters she was placed in the Heaven with her head as it were downwards so that in the revolution of the Heavens she seemeth to be carried head-long 11. PERSEUS he hath 26. Stars This was the Son of Jupiter whom he in the likeness of a Golden shower begat upon Danae the daughter of Acrisius This Perseus coming unto mans estate and being furnished with the Sword Hat and Wings of his brother Mercury and the Shield of his sister Minerva was sent by his foster-foster-father Polidectes to kill the Monster Medusa whom he slew and cuting off her head carried it away with him But as he was hastning homeward flying in the Air he espied Andromeda the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia for the pride of her mother bound with a Chain unto a Rock by the Sea side there to be devoured by a Whale Perseus taking notice and pitty of the case undertook to fight with the Monster upon condition that Andromeda might be his Wife to be short he delivered Andromeda married her and returning homeward unto the Isle Seriphus he found there his Grand-father Acrisius whom by mischance and unadvisedly he slew with a quoit or as Ovid reporteth with the terrible sight of the horrible head of Medusa not knowing that it was his Grand-father but afterwards understanding whom he had slain he pined away through extream sorrow whereupon Jupiter his Father pittying his grief took him up into Heaven and there placed him in that form wherein he overcame Medusa with the sword in one hand and the head of Medusa in the other and the Wings of Mercury at his Heels This Constellation because of the unluckiness thereof is called by Astrologers Cacodemon i. e. Unlucky and Unfortunate For as they say they have observed it that whatsoever is born under this Constellation having an evil Aspect shall be stricken with sword or loose his Head Novidius saith that it is David with Goliah his head in the one hand and his sword in the other The unformed Stars belonging unto this Constellation are three 12. AURIGA the Waggoner or Carter he consisteth of 14. Stars the Arabians call him Alaiot the Greeks Heniochus i. e. a man holding a bridle in his hand and so is he pictured Eratostenes affirmeth him to

Calysto and they tell the tale on this manner Calysto a Nimph of singular beauty daughter to Lycaon King of Arcadia induced by the great desire she had of hunting became a follower of the Goddess Diana After this Jupiter being enamored with her beauty and out of hope by reason of her profession to win her love in his own person counterfeited the shape of Diana lay with Calysto and got her with child of whom was born a son which was called Arcas Diana or rather Juno being very much offended here-with turned Calisto into a Bear Arcas her son at the Age of fifteen hunting in the woods by chance lighted upon his mother in the shape of a Bear who knowing her son Arcas stood stil that he might come near unto her and not be afraid but he fearing the shape of so cruel a Beast bent his bow of purpose to have slain her Whereupon Jupiter to prevent the mischief translated them both into Heaven and of them made two several Constellations unto the lesser Bear there belongs but one star unformed 2. URSA MAIOR the Greater Bear called also of the Greeks Arctos and Helice consisteth of 27. stars Among the which those seven that are in the hinder part and tail of the Bear are most observed the Latines call them Pla●strum and of our men they are called Charles Wayn because the stars do stand in such sort that the three which are in the tail resemble the Horses and the other four which are in the flank of the Bear stand after a manner like the Wheels of a Waggon or Chariot and they are suposed by some to be greater then the Sun The reason of the Translation of this Constellation into the Heaven is at large set down in the other Constellation and therefore needs not here to be repeated This Constellation was first invented by Nauplius the Father of Palamedes the Greek and in great use among the Grecians and this is to be noted both in this and the former Constellation that they never set under the Horizon in any part of Europe which though it fall out by reason of their scituation in the Heavens yet the Poets say that it came to pass through the displeasure and hatred of Juno who for that she was by Calisto made a Cuckquean and they notwithstanding as she took it in dispight of her were translated into Heaven requested her brother Neptune that he should never suffer those Stars to set within his Kingdom To which request Neptune condiscended so that in all Europe they never come neer unto the Sea or touch the Horizon If any one marvel that seeing she hath the form of a Bear she should have a tail so long Imagine that Jupiter fearing to come too nigh unto her teeth laid hold on her tail and thereby drew her up into heaven so that she of her selfe being very weighty and the distance from the Earth to the Heaven very great there was great likelyhood that her tail must stretch The unformed stars belonging to this Constellation are eight 3 DRACO the Dragon of some named the Serpent of others the Snake by the Arabians Aben and by Junctinus Florentinus Vrago because he windeth his tail round about the Ecliptick Pole it containeth 31. stars This was the Dragon that kept the Golden Apples in the Orchard of the Hesperides now thought to be the Islands of Cape de Virde and for his diligence and watchfulness was afterwards translated into heaven Yet others say that he came into Heaven by this occasion when Minerva withstood the Gyants fighting against the Gods they to terrifie her threw at her a mighty Dragon but she catching him in her hands threw him presently up into Heaven and placed him there as a memorial of that her resistance Others would have it to be the Serpent Python whom Apollo slew after the Deluge 4. CEPHUS containeth in him 11. stars and hath two unformed This was a King of the Aethiopians and Husband unto Cassiopeia and father of Andromeda whom Perseus married He was taken up into Heaven with his wife and daughter for the good deeds of Perseus his son in law that he and his whole stock might be had in remembrance for ever The Star which is in his right shoulder is called by the Arabians Alderahiemin i. e. his right Arm. 5 BOOTES the driver of the Oxen for so I suppose the name to signifie rather then an Herdsman for he hath not his name because he hath the care of any Cattle but only because he is supposed to drive Charles his Wain which is drawn by 3. Oxen he is also called Arctophilax the keeper of the Bear as though the care of her were committed to him This Constellation consisteth of 22 Stars Some will have Bootes to be Areas the Son of her who before was turned into the Great Bear and they tell the Tale thus Ly●aon the Father of Calisto receiving Jupiter into his house as a guest took Arcas his daughters son and cut him in pieces and among other Services set him before Jupiter to be eaten for by this means he thought to prove if his guest were a God as he pretended to be Jupiter perceiving this heinous fact overthrew the table fired the house with lightning and turned Lycaon into a wolf but gathering and setting together again the limbs of the child he commited him to a Nymph of Aetolia to be kept Arcas afterwards coming to mans estate and hunting in the woods lighted at un-awares upon his mother transformed by Juno into the shape of a bear whom he persued into the Temple of Jupiter Lycaeus whereunto by the law of the Arcadians it was death for any man to come For as much therefore as they must of likelyhood be both slain Calysto by her son and he by the Law Jupiter to avoid this mischeif of meer pitty took them both up into heaven Unto this Constellation belongeth but one star unformed and it is between the legs of Bootes and by the Grecians it is called Arcturus because of all the stars neer the great Bear named Arctos this star is first seen neer her tail in the evening The Poetical invention is thus Icarus the father of Erigone having received of the God Bacchus a Flagon of wine to declare how good it was for mortal men travelled therewith into the Territories of Athens and there began to carouse with certain shepheards they being greatly delighted with the pleasantness of the wine being a new kind of liquor began to draw so hard at it that ere they left off they were past one and thirty and in the end were fain to lay their heads to rest But coming unto themselves again and finding their brains scarce in good temper they killed Icarus thinking indeed that he had either poysoned them or at the least-wise made their brains introxicate Erigone was ready to die for grief and so was Mera her little dog But Jupiter to allay their grief placed her father in

in the Heaven is uncertain yet some affirm that the daughter of Venus going into a water to wash her self was suddenly transformed into a fish the which fish was afterwards translated into Heaven The unformed Stars belonging unto this Constellation are six Thus much concerning the Constellations of the Northern and Southern Hemisphears now follow the Poetical Stories of the Zodiatical Constellations Thirdly Of the Zodietical Constellations 1. ARIES the Ram it is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it containeth in it 13. Stars which were brought unto this Constellation by Thyestes the son of Pelops and brother of Atreus This is the Ram upon which Phrixus and Helle his sister the children of Athamas did sit when they fled from their step-mother Ino over the Sea of Hellespont which Ram was afterward for his good service translated into Heaven by Jupiter Others say that it was that Ram which brought Bacchus unto the spring of water when through drought he was likely to have perished in the desert of Lybia Novidius will have this to be the R●m which Abraham offered up in stead of his son Isaac The Star tha● is first in the head of the Ram is that from whence our ●ater Astronomers do account the Longitude of all the rest and it is distant from the head of Aries in the tenth Sphear 27. degrees 53. minutes The unformed Stars belonging unto this Constellation are five 2. TAURUS the Bull which consisteth of 23. stars This was translated into Heaven in memorial of the rape committed by Jupiter on Europa the daughter of Agenor King of Sidon whom Jupiter in the likeness of a white Bull stole away and transported into Candia Others say That it was 〈◊〉 the daughter of Inacus whom Jupiter loved and turned into the form of a Cow to the intent that Juno comming at unawares should not perceive what a part he had playd Jupiter afterward in memorial of that craftie conveyance placed that Figure in Heaven The reason why the Poets name not certainely whether it be a Cow or a Bull is because it wanteth the hinder parts yet of the most of them it is called a Bull. In the Neck of the Bull there are certain stars standing together in a cluster which are commonly called the seven Stars although there can hardly he discerned any more then six These are reported to be the seven daughters of Atlas called Atlan●iades whereof six had company with the immortal Gods but the seventh whose name was Merope being married unto Sysiphus a mortal man did herefore withdraw and hide her self as being ashamed that she was not so fortunate in matching her self as her sisters were Some say that that star which is wanting is Electra the eldest daughter of Atlas and that therefore it is so dim because she could not abide to behold the destruction of Troy but at that time and ever since she hid her face The reason why they were taken up into Heaven was their great pittie towards their father whose mishap they bewayled with continual tears Others say that whereas they had vowed perpetual virginity and were in danger to lose it by reason of Orion who greatly assayled them being overtaken with their love they requested Jupiter to stand their friend who translated them into stars and placed them in that part of Heaven The Poets call them Pleiades because when they rise with the Sun the Mariners may commit themselves to the Sea Others will have them to be so termed a pluendo because they procure rain Others give them this name of the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they be many in number They be also called Vergiliae because they rise with the Sun in the Spring time likewise Athoraiae because they stand so thick together Our men●call them by the name of the seven Stars or Brood Hen. The Astronomers note this as a special thing concerning these stars that when the Moon and these stars do meet together the eyes are not to be medled withall or cured if they be sore their reason is because they be of the nature of Mars and the Moon Moreover there be five stars in the face of the Bull representing the form of the Roman letter V whereof one which is the greatest is called the Bull 's Ey They be called Hyades and were also the daughters of Atlas who so long bewayled the death of Hyas their brother slain by a Lion that they died for sorrow and were afterwards placed in Heaven for a memorial of that great love they bare to their brother The ancient Romans call the Bul 's Ey Parilicium or Palelicium of Pales their goddesse whose feast they celebrated after the conjunction of this star and the Sun The unformed stars belonging unto this Constellation are eleven 3. GEMINI the Twins it consisteth of 18. stars The Poets say they are Castor and Pollux the sons of Leda brethren most loving whom therefore Jupiter translated into Heaven Some say that the one of them is Appollo and the other Hercules but the most affirm the former The unformed stars of this Constellation are seven whereof one is called Tropus because it is placed next before the foot of Castor 4. CANCER the Crab it hath 9. Stars This is that Crab which bit Hercules by the heele as he fought with the Serpent Hydra i● the Fen Lerna and for his forward service was placed in Heaven by Juno the utter enemy of Hercules In this Constellation there are Stars much spoken of by the Poets although they be but small whereof one is called the Crib other two are the two Asses whereof one was the Asse of Bacchus the other of Vulcan whereon they rode to battel when as the Gyants made war with the Gods with whose braying and strange noise the Gyants were so scared upon the sudden that they forsook the field and fled The Gods getting the victory in tryumphing manner translated both the Asses and their manger into Heaven The unformed stars of this Constellation are four It is called animal re●rogradum for when the Sun cometh into his Signe he maketh Retrogradation 5. LEO the Lyon it hath 27. Stars this is that Lyon which Hercules overcame in the wood of Nemaea and was placed in Heaven in remembrance of so notable a deed Novidius saith this was one of the Lyons which were in the den into which Daniel was cast and was therefore placed in Heaven because of all other he was most friendly unto Daniel In the breast of this Constellation is that notable great Star the light whereof is such as that therefore it is called by Astronomers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Regulus i. e. the Victroy or little King among the rest The unformed Stars belonging to the Lyon are eight whereof three make the Constellation which is now called Coma Berenices that is the hair of Berenice This Constellation was first found out and invented by Canon the Mathematician but described by Calimachus the Poet.

that this Wisedom of the Egyptians doubtless contained the Mathematiques and that Astronomy was ever esteemed the best and noblest part of them this Erud●tion of Moses seems to be the most Ancient monument of the Science of the Stars that can be found in Holy Writ Astronomy you see is of great Antiquity even upon the Records of Divinity and might be proved of much greater could we but evince what some alleage that the History of Job was penn'd by Moses as living a good while after him Because Job there mentions Arcturus Orion and the Hyades or watery Constellation and therefore it must be that before that time the Stars had been ranged and dispossed into certain Asterisms according to some certain method or artificial Theory then in use But be the time of his life never so uncertain yet we may certainly observe from the History thereof that it seems Job being an Alien to the Hebrews derived his knowledge of God from that which in Scripture is called Coelorum Exercitus the Host of Heaven Forasmuch as the Invisible things of God are not so well learned from any visible things of Nature or the effects of his Wisedom and Power as from the Coelestial Orders and therefore Synesius justly calling Astronomy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a truly-venerable Science he saith that it advanceth the mind to somthing of greater both Antiquity and Nobility viz. ineffable Theology That we may be breef and only touch upon that sentence in the Book of Wisedom that God gave to Solomon among other of Natural Science to understand the Course of the Year and the Dispositions of the Stars if any thing in Sacred Writ doth expressly prove the Antiquity of Observations Astronomical and the founding or erecting any setled Art thereupon it must be that of which the Holy Prophets complaind in their dayes viz. that there were Chaldaeans who at Babylon did contemplate the Stars and compute the Months that from them they might foretell things to come For from hence we understand that the observation of the Motions of Heavenly bodies was a certain profest Art and of great Antiquity among the Chaldeans In the Second place we are to revolve the Records of Ethnick Authors to see if among them we can find the time of the Nativity of Astronomy Look we therefore back first into the remains of that part of Time which is called Obscure or Fabulous because possibly enough something of truth concerning our enquiry may be found wrapt up in the darksome shrouds of Fables And begin we at the most ancient of Heathen Gods Coelus in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who as Diodorus Siculus delivers was so named because of his high devotion to and delight in the observation of the Stars This eminent person being the Father of many Sons as Ailas Saturnus the Titanes and among those especially Hyperion and Japetus it is lawfull for us to conjecture that led by his example his whole family were addicted to the same Study For seeing that Coelus lived in Mauritania not far from the Ocean and thence extended his Kingdom not only over all Africa but also into a considerable part of Europe it is well known that his Son Atlas who succeded him in the same Dominions is allowed to have given his name to the highest Mountain of that Country only because he had made his observations of the motions of the Heavens and Stars from the top thereof For the Ancients in those dayes as the vulgar now in ours imagined the arch of the Heavens to be so little distant from the tops of great Mountains as that by how much the higher any man ascended on those hills by so much the more clearly and distinctly might he behold Coelestial objects To this Diodorus Plinie and others add that Atlas was feigned to support Heaven on his Shoulders only because He had framed a Sphear wherein the whole Heavenly machine was strongly represented and Clemens Alexandrinus observes that Hercules being both Vates and Physicus a Prophet and Philosopher was reported to come and relieve Atlas his great Uncle by taking the vast Burden of Heaven upon his own Shoulders because He succeded him in that difficult task the Study or science of Coelestial bodies Of Hesperus the Sonne of Atlas it is recorded that while he was busy in speculating the Stars on the top of the same mountain he was snatched away by the violence of some disease and could never be found and that thereupon the common people in respect of his piety and justice gave his name to the most beautifull and resplendent Star which is also called Vesperugo being Venus while she is in the West As for his Sisters called both Atlantiades and Pleiades these likewise gave their name to that glomeration of Stars which are visible in the back of Taurus and of one of them named Maia was born the Famous Mercurius said to have brought the Science of the Stars first into Egypt Whence Marcilius writing of the Astronomy of the Egyptians Saies of Mercury Tu Princeps Authorque sacri Cyllenie tanti c. Though we well know that the Ethiopians allowing the Egyptians to be no other but one of their Colonies sent abroad to find room to subsist in contend that they recieved Astronomy from them as first Diodorus and after Lucian have observed Here it is well worthy our commemoration what Cicero saith as of Atlas and Promotheus so also Cepheus a King of the Ethiopians viz. Neither had Atlas been beleived to have sustain'd Heaven nor Prometheus to have been chain'd on Caucasus nor Cepheus with his Wife Son-in Law and Daughter to have been Stellified had not their Divine cognition of Coelestial bodies first occasioned the perpetuation of their Names in the disguise of Fables To return to Saturn another Sonne of Coelus He leaving Africa and reigning only in Italy Sicily and Crete may be thought to have prosecuted his Fathers studies no less than the former and we have this argument for it that the Slowest of all the Planets bears his name to this very Day probably bacause he was the first who understood the motion and course of that Planet which was by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Time forasmuch as of all the Coelestial Circuits none was found so diuturn And of his Sons since Pluto addicted himself intierly to Husbandry Neptune to Navigation we may conceive that Jupiter applying his mind to nobler cares succeded his Father in the Study of the Heavens as also that he chose Olympus accounted the highest mountain to make his observations upon so that in process of time he came therefore to be called Olympius and the name of that mountain to be transferred upon Heaven it self whose orders and laws He well understanding was thereupon said to have the Dominion of Heaven Certain it is that the Grecians ascribed the Original of this noblest

Science partly to the Gods themselves and partly to ancient Hero's which Achilles Tatius seasonably alluding unto introduceth old Aeschylus attributing to God that He shewed the risings and settings of the Stars and distinguish't Winter Summer and the other Seasons and Ovid Fathers the same wholly upon Jupiter Perque Hiemes Aestusque in aequales Autumnos Et breve Ver spatijs exegit quatuor Annum Besides it is in the Fiction that Jupiter took his Father Saturn bound him and precipitated him into Hell Now this seems to intimate that Jupiter having imposed his own name upon one of the most eminent and illustrious of the Planets gave that of his Father to another of them that was more remote situate in the deepest part of the Aetherial spaces and of the slowest progress though all this while we are not ignorant that those names were fixed upon those Planets a long time after since more anciently the Planet Jupiter was called Phaeton and that of Saturn Phoenon For we may collect very neer as much from Lucian who by Tartarus understands the immense Altitude or Profunditie of the Aetherial Region so denies that Saturn was either exil'd by Jupiter into Hell or cast into bonds as common heads were perswaded to beleeve As for Hyperion Diodorus hath a tradition that he being of the progeny of old Coelus demonstrated the courses of the Sun and Moon and therefore called the Sun Helios after the name of his Sonne and the Moon Selene after that of his Daughter Last of all comes Japetus who also was the Sonne of Coelus but performed nothing worthy commendation in the advance of his Fathers Speculations but Promotheus whom he begat was therefore imagined to have been chained on the hill Caueasus and to have his heart perpetually torn by a hungry Eagle or Vultur Because as Servius expounds the riddle with restless care and solicitude of mind he constantly excruciated himself with observing the Stars and studying their Ascensions and Declinations We shall not insist upon what follows in the same Author namely that this Prometheus was the first who introduced Astrology to the Assyrians not far from Caucasus it being more usefull for us now to observe that He was imagined to have stolen Fire from Heaven for the inanimation of Man for no other reason but because he infused this Heavenfetch't Knowledge into the breasts of men and inflamed their souls with the desire and love thereof For as to the remainder for as much as Belus was the same with Jupiter among the Assyrians as Diodorus testifies it is He rather who was accounted both the most sacred of their Dieties and the Inventor of this Sideral Science as Pliny affirms It is not needfull for us here to examine many other of the ancient Traditions accounted likewise among the Fabulous as in particular the Fable of Phaeton which hath this Mythology that in his life time he had made a considerable progress toward the discovery of the Suns Annual course but dying immaturely he left the Theory thereof imperfect That other of Bellerophon whom Interpreters maintain to have been carried up to Heaven not by a flying horse but a studious and contemplative mind eager in the the quest of Syderal mysteries That of Doedalas who indeed by th● same towring speculations as by the artifice of wings mounted up to the Northern part of Heaven while his less ingenious Sonne Icarus falling short in his attempt of imitating his Fathers sublime flight as not so well understanding the demonstrations of the reasons of his Theory flaggd very low in his Studies and fell from the true and apodicticall cognition of Coelestial motions and vicissitudes with many other the like recounted by Lucian as that of Endymion the favourite of the Moon of Tiresias the Prophet c. Yet one thing there is mentioned as well by Lucian as Tatius which we cannot well pass by which falling under the account of Heroicall times seems to come somwhat neer to that which is called Historicall And that is the notable Centention that arose betwixt Atreus and Thyestes about supreme dominion For when by the publike Consent and Vote of the Argives the Kingdom was to be his of the two who should give the most eminent testimony of Science it came to Atreus share to be King because though Thyestes showed them the signe Aries in Heaven for which he was honourd with a golden Ram yet had Aireus declared a thing more excellent while discoursing about the variety of the Suns rising he made it appear that the Sun and the World i. e. the Starry Orb were not carryed the same but quite contrary wayes and consequently that that part of the Heavens which was the West or Occident of the Starry Orb was the very rising or Orient of the Solary Hence that verse of Euripides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Qui Astrorum enim contrariam ostendi viam To the same times likewise are we to refer the Institution of the Olympick Games by Hercules which after a long interruption were renewed by Iphitus For inasmuch as those sports were instituted for no other end as may be assured from Censorius but that their celebration might put men in mind of that Intercalation of a month and half that was to be made constantly every fourth Year in respect of those four times eleven or 44. Dayes by which the mo●ion of the Moon anticipated that of the Sun and the four times six hours or one whole Day by which the circuit of the Sun exceded 365 Dayes manifest it is that Hercules could not understand this without having first exactly observed the Motions of Sun and Moon Hither also belongs that which is reported of Orpheus who must needs have attentively observed the seven Planets if it be true as Lucian averrs that he represented their Harmony by his Seven-stringed Harp which the Grecians thereupon designed in Heaven by some Stars that to this Day retain the name of Lyra. So likewise doth what Sophocles saith of Palamedes who pointed out the several Asterisms and particularly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vrsum volutam gel●dum occasum Canis And lastly what Homer recounts that in those times were well known besides Bootes and the Bear or Wain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pleiades atque Hyades roburque ipsum Orionis We have now struggled through the Darkness of Fabulous Times and are advanced as far as to discerne the twilight of Historicall An here the first thing we clearly perceive is that the whole controversy about the Antiquity of Astronomical Observations lies betwixt the Egyptians and the Assirians or Babylonians For as to the Grecians though some have thought they might put in also for a claim to the honour of being the Anthors of this admirable Science yet by the Verdict even of Plato himself they are to lay by the presence of Competition For sayth He the

competition However it is seriously to be wished that the Observations made by those incomparable Instruments of His may ly no longer concealed from the World for by singular Providence they have been hitherto preserved as Gassendus attesteth ïn the Life of Tycho but soon be brought to Light And this aswell for sundry weighty Considerations there alleadged by Gassendus as for this that not all the Stars of which Tyeho hath given a copious Catalogue in his Progymnasmata may be found reduced to congruous Calculation in as much as they doe not exactly correspond with the Heavens and that various Catalogues have been pretended from the same which are very much different each from other for all the difficulties hereupon depending may soon be removed and all mistakes rectified by having recourse to the Fountain or Original observations which will clearly declare what hath bin already corruptly deduced and what may be at length carefully and demonstratively deduced from them And in the mean while if Hipparchus his memory be so highly and indeed justly precious among learned men for his great merrits in excogitating and framing Instruments whereby to take the dimensions distances motions c. of Heavenly bodies certainly that of our Tycho ought to be as highly esteemed by us and all Posterity since he alone for so many Ages together was found that durst not only imitate him in those sublime inventions but so imitate as very much to exceed him For my part truely since Hipparchus may rightfully be called Atlas the Second I shall doe but justice to name Tycho Hercules the Second who releived his Predecessor long languishing and ready to faint under so prodigious a burden which doubtless was the Reason why Kepler called him the Modern Hipparchus And thus have we in a short Relation rehearsed to you what we could gather together concerning the Original Progress and Advance of Astronomy from the highest of times of which there remain any Authentick memorials down to the decease of Tycho Brahe the Noble and the Great As for what Additions this excellent Science hath received by the industry of Astronomers in this present Age by the help of the Telescope whose Invention may seem to have been unhappily deferred too long as being deferred till some Years after Tychoes death they may be easily summed up For all that our Dayes can justly challenge the honour of discovering is 1. the spotts in the Sun 2. the inequality of the superficies of the Moon 3. Venus shifting her apparences as doth the Moon 4. Mercury and Jupiter in some Proportion doing the like 5. Jupiter with a kind of bound about him and guarded with four lesser Stars as Attendants 6. Saturn triple-bodied 7. the Gallaxy fully beset with small Stars and 8. divers pale assemblies of very small Stars seeming to be only little white clouds in the Welkin with some other particulars lately remarked Now if you please to add this to the former summary you have the whole though brief Story of Astronomy from its very infancy to that augmented state it now hath attained to I wish I might have said to its Full growth and Perfection But alas that is reserved for Posterity Longitude of the Stars Latitude of the Stars The meas●res● of the severa Stars Zenith Nadir Azimuths or Verticle Circles Almicanthars or Circles of Altitude Amplitude Declination Right Ascension Oblique Ascension Oblique Descension Ascensional Difference Raise the Pole Depress the Pole Course Distance Zone Frozen Zones Temperate Zones Burnt Zone Climates Parallels Direct Sphear Parallel Sphear Oblique Sphear Antipodes Periaeci Antaeci An Hour defined Minutes Seconds and Thirds c. defined Opposite degrees and minutes of the Ecliptick possess the Cusps of opposite Houses Articl I. Observation Celestial from the beginning of the world though rude and in-artificial Articl II. Sacred records examined and Moses found to b the First Astronomer there spoken of lib. 1. Ant. c. 3. cap. 4. Epigram de etat Anim. Gen. 11. Gen. 47. 1. Polit. cap. and 1 Metaph. cap. 1. Act. ●7 Cap. 9. de done ad Poeon cap. 7. Esa. 47. Articl 3. Ethnick monuments likewise revolved and first those of Fabulous times according to which Coelus is found the most ancient Astronomer lib. 3. and after him his Senns 1. Atlas who taught Astromy to his Son lib. 3. lib. 2. cap. 8. Astrom 1. Hisperus And Daughters the Atlantides and Pleiades from one of whom came Mercury 1. Astron. lib. 3. lib. de Astrol. 5. Tusculan 2. Saturn who delivered the same to his Son Jupiter Isagog ad Phoen. 1. Metamorph. 3. Hyperion 4. Japetus from whom came Prometheus who followed the same study in Eccles. 7. lib. 2. lib. 37 o. 10. so did Phaeton Doedalus Icarus de Astrol. in Isagog Atreus and Thyestes Hercules and Iphitus cap. 18. Orpheus de Ast●ol Palamedes Homer Odyss E. Articl 4. Secondly those Historical times according to which the antiquity of Astron. Observations belongs either to the Egyptians or Babylonians in Epinom 1. Antiq. 8. in Epinom 2. lib. de Astrolog Isagog loc citat de Divi●at in praefat lib. 9. c. 56. in Almagest lib. 4. cap 6. in lib. 2. de Coe lo and comment 46. Articl 5. Yet neither of of them observed any thing considerable at to the designation of Times but corrupted what they had observed to the introduction of Astrology Judicial loc citat lib. 1. ad Astrolog 1. in Somn. 21. ibid. cap. 20. lib. 6. stromat lib. 9. cap. 7. lib. 9. cap. 37. 2. de divinat in Epinom Articl 6. And after them to the Grecians among whom the most ancient mention of Astron. is in Hesiod Ex Gem Ptol. aliis lib. 10. lib. 1. in ●●ebns Eb. 1. de vit 〈◊〉 de Com. 〈◊〉 lib. 2. A 〈◊〉 lib. 2. cap 8. in 1. Geog. l. 8. 1. Georg. 1. adven Physic. lib. 1. in Arat. ●han● lib. 7. and next of Thales Milesius lib. 1. in vit Dionys. then of Pythagoras and his Disciples 2. de coelo 13. de Arenar num Philolaus Aristarehus Timaeus de don ad paeon. in Timaeun After these succeeded Cleostratus Meron c. Articl 7. Eudoxus who first discovered the necessitie of manifold Spheares in Epigram 2. de divinat Prolom lib. 1. cap. 11. Articl 8. Hipparchus who first observed the places of the Fixt Stars according to Long. and Latitude lib. 2. cap. 26. lib. 7. cap. ibid cap. 1. He also corrected the Callippick Period and predicted future Eclipses for 600. Years together Almagest lib. 9 cap 2. Articl 9. Betwixt Hipparchus and Ptolemy came Sosigenes of Alexandria by whose help Jul. Caesar endeavored the reformation of the Calendar 6. A●nl lib. 2. c 28. 1. Meteor 7. Pythias Massiliensis a Gaul and contemporary to Alex. of Maced lib. 7. cap. 60. Quintus Marcius Philippus c. Nasica Scipio Romans Articl 10. Prolemy the true Founder of Astronomy in one intire structure Who next resigned it to Theon and Pappus both Alexandrians and long after to Albategnius then to Alphraganus and other Arabians Articl 11. Alphonsus K. of Castile who made and named the Alphonsine Tables after whom the Science lay neglected till Georg. Peurbaechius and Ioh. Regiomontanus arose and again caltivated the same Articl 12. Then followed the m●st accute Nich. Coper nicus who revived the doctrine of Pythagoras concerning the Earths motion Articl 13. And last of All the noble Tycho Brahe who out-did all the rest in discoveries and inventions de Acenar num