that at that time the Boreadae the Brothers of Cleopatra were Companions with Hercules in this Expedition These therefore were the First that by reason of their near Relation by force of Arms reliev'd the Young Men and breaking in Pieces their Chains kill'd as many of the Barbarians as oppos'd them But when Phineus himself with a multitude of Thracians that came flocking in marcht up to decide the matter by a Battel it 's said that then Hercules stoutly laid about him and slew both Phineus and a great number of the other Thraclans Then seizing upon the King's City and Palace he set Cleopatra at liberty and restor'd to her Sons their Father's Kingdom who resolving to be reveng'd upon their Step-mother he persuaded them to forbear doing any such thing but rather to send Messengers into Scythia to her Father to let him know that they left her wholly to his Discretion to be punish'd for her Offences Which being done accordingly the Scythian put his Daughter to Death and the Sons of Cleopatra were highly commended by the Thracians for their Mildness and Equity But I am not ignorant how some of the Fabulous Authors relate that Phineus put out his Two Sons Eyes and that in retaliation when he was old Boreas serv'd him the same Sauce And they report likewise that Hercules going out of the Ship to get a little fresh Water was left behind by the Argonauts in Asia For in ancient Stories no Historians unanimously agree one with another and therefore it 's not to be admir'd that in giving account of things in ancient Times we do not in every thing agree with the Poets and other Writers But it 's said that the Two Sons gave up the Kingdom to their Mother Cleopatra and went along with the Argonauts in their Expedition who sailing away from Thrace and arriving at Pontus landed in Taurica Chersonesus being altogether ignorant of the cruelty of the Inhabitants For it was a Custom amongst those P. 173. Barbarians to sacrifice all Strangers that arriv'd there to Diana Taurica Amongst whom it 's said that in after-times Ephigenia the Priests of the Goddess practis'd the same Cruelty upon all she could lay hold on And here in regard the Course of the History requires it it 's requisite we should give an Account of the Causes of this horrid Cruelty executed upon Strangers especially this Digression seeming pertinent to the Acts of the Argonauts They say that Sol begat Two Sons Aeetes and Perses and that Aeetes was King of Colchis and the other of Taurica and that both were exceeding cruel That Hecate was the Daughter of Perses far more fierce and cruel than her Father for being given to Hunting if she could find no Game she would sport her self with casting her Darts at Men instead of Beasts She made it her business likewise to compound Deadly Poysons and was the first that found out * Wolf-Bane a most poysonous Herb. Aconitum and made trial of the nature and efficacy of every Composition by mixing them with the Food given to Strangers Being thus grown extraordinary skilful in this devilish Art she first poyson'd her own Father and so usurpt the Crown Then she built Diana's Temple and ordered all Strangers that arriv'd there to be sacrific'd to that Goddess so that her Cruelty was nois'd abroad in every Place She afterwards Marry'd Aeetes and by him had Two Daughters Cerces and Medea and one Son call'd Aegialeus Cerces likewise being much addicted to the Compounding of all sorts of Medicines found out the wonderful Natures and efficacy of divers sorts of Roots and Herbs many she learnt of her Mother Hecate but many more she discover'd by her own industry so that she left nothing new for any that came after her which might any ways advance that Art This Cerces was Marry'd to the King of the Sarmathians whom some call Scythians but she likewise poyson'd her Husband and so usurping the Kingdom executed many Butcheries and Cruelties upon the Subjects for which as some Writers relate she was driven out of the Kingdom and fled to the Ocean and possessing herself of a certain Desert Island settl'd there together with the Women her Companions But as other Historians say leaving Pontus she settl'd in the Promontory of Italy now call'd from her Cerceum They report likewise that Medea learnt the same Art from her Mother and Sister but she plainly made use of it for contrary ends and purposes for she constantly laid out her self to save the Lives of Strangers that were driven thither sometimes begging the Lives of such as were condemn'd of her Father and at other times by her subtil Contrivance procuring their Escapes out of Prison For Aectes prompted thereunto both by the cruelty of his own Nature and likewise incited by the Counsels and Persuasions of Hecate his Wife observ'd the Custom of Murdering of Strangers But Medea every day more and more opposed her Parents in this thing Aectes upon suspicion of Treason committed his Daughter Medea to Prison whence notwithstanding the escap'd and fled to a Temple of Apollo seated on the Sea-Shoar about which same time the Argonauts sail'd by Taurica and arriv'd in the Night at Colchis at the very Place where the Temple stood where meeting with Medea wandring upon the Shoar were inform'd by her of the cruel Custom of Murdering of Strangers in those Parts whereupon giving the Virgin thanks for her Humanity and Kindness they told her of their Designs and of the end of their adventure and she on the other Hand inform'd them what Dangers she was surrounded with from her Father by reason of her Kindness and Compassion to Strangers It being therefore evident to both Parties what was then fit to be done Medea on her part promis'd she would assist 'em to the uttermost of her power till they had accomplish'd P. 17â— their Design and Jason promis'd and confirm'd by a Solemn Oath that Medea should from that time forward be his Wife Hereupon the Argonauts leaving a Party to guard their Ships went with Medea in the Night to the Golden Fleece Of which we must here write more largely that nothing may be omitted which is pertinent to the History They say that Phryxus the Son of Athamantes to avoid the malice of his Step-mother fled out of Greece together with Helles his Sister and being by the advice and direction of the Gods transported out of Europe into Asia upon the Back of a Golden-fleec'd Ram it happened that the Young Maid fell off into Pontus which was therefore from thence call'd Hellespont But Phryxus landing safe in Colchis by the Command of the Oracle sacrific'd the Ram and hung up its Skin in the Temple of Mars Afterwards the King was told by the Oracle that he should dye when some Sea-faring Men came thither and carry'd away the Golden-Fleece And this was the Cause besides the cruelty of his Nature that mov'd this Vile Man to sacrifice Strangers that this horrid
to Bacchus and left them in his Cave and afterwards falling in love with Cybele wandred up and down with her as far as to the †Hyperborean signifies very far North by which the Ancients use to express the furthest Parts of the World Hyperborean Mountains And whereas there was a Plague and Famine in Phrygia the Phrygians inquir'd at the * Of Apollo at Delphos Oracle how they should be freed from the Calamity they lay under It 's said the God commanded them to bury Attis and adore Cybele as a Goddess The Phrygians therefore because they could not find any part of his Body through length of time since he was kill'd made a Statue for him which they follow'd as to his Burial with Howling Lamentations and other honourable Ceremonies proper for his Funeral and so made an Attonement for their former Offence which Solemnity they constantly observe to this very Day and offer Yearly Sacrifices to Cybele who formerly erected Altars to the Gods there In honour of this Cybele they built a magnificent Temple in Pesinunte a City of Phrygia and instituted solemn Sacrifices and Divine Worship to her which Work was advanc'd by the assistance of King Midas They Plac'd Leopards and Lions standing by the Statue of the Goddess because it was generally believ'd she was nurs'd up by them And these are the things which the Phrygians and the Atlantides the Inhabitants of the Coasts bordering on the Ocean do report of this Mother of the Gods After the Death of Hyperion they report that the Children of * Coelus divided †Vranus the Kingdom amongst themselves amongst whom Atlas and Saturn were the most renown'd The Country bordering upon the Ocean fell by lot upon Atlas who call'd the People there Atlantides and the greatest Mountain in the World Atlas after his own Name They say that he was an excellent Astrologer and was the first that discover'd the Knowledge of the Sphere whence rose the common Opinion that he carry'd the World upon his Shoulders noting by this Fancy his Invention and Description of the Sphere The most eminent among his many Sons was Hesperus for Piety towards the Gods and Justice and Kindness towards his Subjects Being upon the Top of Mount Atlas to observe the motion of the Stars he suddainly vanisht in a Tempest The People hereupon much lamenting the loss of him that they might for ever honour him call'd the Brightest * Hesperus the Morning Star Star in the Heavens after his Name Atlas likewise had Seven Daughters who were all call'd after their Father's Name Atlantides but their several proper Names were Maia Electra Taygeta Asterope Merope Halcyone and Celaeno All these were got with Child by several Heroick Princes and even by some of the Gods themselves and bore divers Sons who were the first Ancestors of several Nations and for their virtuous Qualifications were afterwards call'd Gods and Demy-Gods So Maia the Eldest was got with Child by Jupiter and bore Mercury the Inventor of many Arts and Sciences for the use of Mankind All the rest likewise had Sons who were famous in their Times some of which gave beginning to whole Nations others to some particular Cities and therefore not only some of the Barbarians but likewise some among the Greeks refer P. 136. the Original of many of the ancient Heroes to these Daughters of Atlas for they were in great Reputation for Wisdom and Justice and therefore when they were Dead were ador'd as Goddesses and fixt in the Constellation of the * The Seven Stars Pleiades Nymphs were commonly call'd Atlantides because Nymphs is a general Term in this Country apply'd to all Women They say that Saturn the Brother of Atlas was extraordinary Prophane and Covetous and Marrying his Sister Rhea he begat Jupiter afterwards surnam'd Olympus There was another Jupiter the Brother of Coelus and King of Crete but much inferior for Glory and Renown to the later For this later was Lord of the World but the ancient Jupiter was only King of the Island before-nam'd and had Ten Sons whom they call'd Curetes and call'd the Island Ida after the Name of his Wife where he himself was buried the Remains of whose Sepulcher are to be seen at this Day However the Cretians relate several Stories of these Jupiters of whom we shall write distinctly when we come to their History Saturn reign'd they say over Sicily Africa and Italy and inlarg'd his Dominion over all the Western Parts of the World and by Garrisons and strong Forts plac'd in convenient Places kept his Subjects every where within the Bounds of their Duty And hence it is that at this very Day in the Western Parts of Sicily the high Mounts that are to be seen here and there are call'd †Saturn ' s Castles Jupiter Cronia Jupiter they say was the Sun of Saturn who contrary to what his Father did before him carry'd himself justly and courteously toward all and therefore he was call'd Father by all his Subjects He succeeded in the Kingdom either as given up to him by his Father or set upon the Throne by his Subjects out of hatred to his Father And though Saturn afterwards by the help of the Titans made War upon his Son yet Jupiter overcame him in a Battel and so gain'd the Kingdom And afterwards he ran through the whole World doing good to all Mankind And because he was of a strong Body and endowed with all virtuous Qualifications of Mind he easily conquer'd the whole World He chiefly made it his Business to punish the Impious and to do good to all his People And therefore after he left the World he was call'd * Zeus Zena from Life because he was the first that taught Men to live well And therefore they of whom he had deserv'd well rewarded him with this Honour that he was unanimously by all placed in the highest Heavens and call'd a God and Supream Lord of all the Earth And this is the full Account distinctly related of all the Gods mention'd and recorded by the Atlantides And for as much as before in the account we gave of the Egyptian Antiquities we came in the Course of the general History to the Genealogy of Bacchus whom B 〈…〉 s. the Greeks call Dionysius and his Acts We conceive it sit here to add what the Grecians have delivered to Posterity concerning this God But in regard the ancient Fabulous Historians and Poets have given different Accounts of Bacchus and have related many monstrous Stories it 's very difficult to set forth truly his Genealogy and Acts. For some say there was but one †Bacchus Dionysius others that there were Three But some say there never was any such Man but conceive that Wine is to be taken for Dionysius We shall therefore in short run over distinctly what is said by every one of them The Naturalists who speak of this God and call Wine Bacchus say that the Earth amongst
gratify'd him so far as to suffer him to carry back his Wife along with him that dy'd a little before In like manner they say Bacchus hereupon rais'd his Mother Semele from the Shades below and enduing her with Immortality surnam'd her Thyone Having now done with this Digression relating to Orpheus we return to Hercules When he enter'd the Infernal Regious the Mythologists say Proserpina kindly receiv'd him as her Brother and gave him liberty to loose Theseus and Perithous from their Chains and at length contrary to the Expectations of all Men brought up the * Cerberus Dog ty'd in his Chain and presented him to open view The last Labour injoin'd him was to fetch away the Golden Apples of the 12th Labour The Hesperian Apples Hesperides to which purpose he pass'd over a Second time into Africa The Mythologists vary in their Writings concerning this for some affirm that there were really golden Apples in some of the Gardens of the Hesperides guarded continually by a terrible Dragon Others say that there are Sheep of exquisite beauty in the Hesperides and that from thence they are Poetically call'd Golden Apples as Venus from her Beauty is call'd Golden Venus Others will have it that the Fleeces upon the Sheep's Backs are of that admirable Colour that they glitter like Gold and thence have been so call'd And by the Dragon they understand the Shepherd of the Flocks who being a Man of a strong Body and stout Heart preserv'd the Flocks and kill'd the Thieves that attempted to steal them But let every one judge of this matter as he thinks best himself For Hercules kill'd the Keeper and brought away the Apples or Sheep which soever they were to Eurystheus trusting now that since all his Tasks were perform'd according to the Oracle of Apollo he should be rewarded with Immortality CHAP. II. An Account of Atlas and his Daughters call'd Atlantides and Hesperides The Amazons routed by Theseus in Attica The further Acts of Hercules he goes against Leomedon King of Troy and other Acts. The Story of Meleager Son of King Oeneus Amalthea's Horn. Hercules his further Acts. His Death by a poyson'd Shirt BUT we are not to omit what is said of Atlas and the Original of the Hesperides In the Country call'd Hesperis liv'd Two famous Brothers Hesperus Atlas and Atlas They were possess'd of most lovely Sheep of a Ruddy and Golden Colour for which cause the Poets in their Phrase call'd them * Melon in Greek signifie both a Sheep and an Apple Golden Apples Hesperis the Daughter of Hesperus was married to his Brother Atlas whence the Country was call'd Hesperis by her Atlas had Seven Daughters which from their Father were call'd Atlantides and from their Mother Hesperides Busiris King of Egypt having a great desire to injoy these Virgins by reason of their extraordinary Beauty sent out some Pirates with Orders to seize these Ladies and bring them away to him P. 163. About this time Hercules being imploy'd in his †Second last Labour kill'd Anteus in Lybia who compell'd those Strangers that came into his Country to wrestle with him and inflicted condign Punishment upon Busiris in Egypt who sacrific'd all Strangers that arriv'd there to Jupiter Afterward passing over the River Nile he came into Ethiopia and kill'd Ematheon the Ethiopian King who had challeng'd him to a Battel And then he again set upon the Task injoin'd him In the mean time the Thieves hurried away the Girls out of a Garden where they were Playing and in great haste got to their Ships whom Hercules met with upon a certain Shoar where they were refreshing themselves and being inform'd by the Virgins of the Rape he kill'd all the Thieves but deliver'd the Girls to Atlas their Father for which Kindness he was so grateful that he not only readily assisted him with what things were needful for the accomplishment of what he had then in hand but willingly taught him the Art of Astrology For he bestowed much of his Care and Pains in the Study of this Art and because he had a curiously wrought Sphear of the Stars he was said to carry the whole World upon his Shoulders In the like manner Hercules tranferring the Doctrine of the Spheres to the Greeks gain'd a Name as he that from Atlas took upon himself the burden of the whole World The Greeks darkly signifying thereby what then happened betwixt him and Atlas While Hercules was thus imploy'd they say those Amazons that were left gather'd Amazons routed by Theseus all in a Body from all Parts of the Nation to the River Thermodon with a Design to revenge themselves upon the Grecians for the Losses they sustain'd by Hercules and they bore a particular grudge and hatred to the Athenians because that Theseus carry'd away Captive Antiope or as others write Hippolytes Queen of the Amazons Being therefore join'd with the Scythians as their Confederates they rais'd a great Army with which the Amazonian Leaders passing over the Cimerian Bosphorus marcht through Thrace and pierc'd through a great part of Europe and incamp'd at length in Attica at a Place which from them is now call'd the Amazonian Field Theseus having intelligence of their Approach marcht out against them with an Army rais'd from among the Citizens taking along with him Antiope by whom he had now his Son Hippolytus Battel being join'd those with Theseus through the Valour of the Athenians won the day and slew part of the Amazons upon the spot and drave all the rest out of Attica There Antiope in the defence of her Husband fought bravely and dy'd in Battel like a Hero Those Amazons that remain'd despairing ever to recover their Country went away with the Seythians their Confederates into Seythia and there seated themselves â—at having spoke sussiciently of these we return to Hercules who having now finish'd all his Labours was told by the Oracle that it was a thing very necessary that before he was translated to the Gods he should plant a Colony in Sardâ—nia and make his Sons of the Stock of the Thespiadae Governors of the Island He therefore with his Nephew Iolaus pass'd over thither with the Boys because they were yet very Young Here we think it convenient to premise something concerning the Birth of these young Boys that we may more clearly give an account of the Colony Thespis was of the most noble Family among the Athenians the Son of â—râ—â—theus and Prince of a Territory so call'd from him He had of many Wives Fifty Daughters This Thespis being desirous that his Daughters should have Issue by Hercules who was as yet but very Young but of strength of Body beyond the usual course of Nature at that Age invited him to a sacred Festival and there nobly entertain'd him and sent for his Daughters severally one after another Hercules lay with them all and got them with Child and so became both a Husband of Fifty Wives and a Father
Cruelty being nois'd Abroad in all Parts no Stranger might dare to set footing in his Country He built a Wall likewise round the Temple and plac'd a strong Guard of Taurican Soldiers to keep it which has afforded matter for prodigious Stories among the Grecians as how that Bulls that breath'd out Fire at their Nostrils guarded the Temple and that a Dragon kept the Fleece For by reason of the ambiguity of the Word †Which signifies in Latin a Bull and is like in sound to Taurica Taurus it was strain'd to signify the fierceness and violence of Bulls and the cruel Murdering of Strangers gave rise to the fiction of the Bulls breathing out Fire Upon the same Account the Poets have given the Name of a most terrible and monstrous Beast plac'd as a Guard for Security of the Temple And much like to this Story is what they say concerning Phryxus For they say that he sail'd in a Ship upon whose Foredeck was carv'd the Head of a Ram and that Helles by leaning too much forward over the sides of the Ship to vomit fell over-board into the Sea Others say that about the time that Phryxus with his School-master was taken by Aeetes the Scythian King the Father in Law of Aeetes came to Colchis and fell in love with the Boy and upon that account he was bestow'd by Aeetes upon the Scythian who lov'd him as his own Child and adopted him his Heir and Successor to the Kingdom But that the School-master whose Name was * Crius signifies a Ram in Greek Crius was sacrific'd to the Gods and his Skin according to the Custom was fastened to the Walls of the Temple Afterwards Aeetes being foretold by the Oracle that he should dye when Strangers carry'd away the Ram's-Skin it 's said that he gilt it with Gold that the Splendour thereof should cause the Soldiers who were set to guard it to be more careful and diligent in their watch But we leave every one to judge of these things as he thinks fit However it was Medea conducted the Argonauts to the Temple of Mars which was not above Seventy Furlongs distant from the City Sybaris dignify'd with the Palace Royal of the Kings of Colehis Medea therefore coming in the Night to the Temple Gates which were fast shut up spoke to the Guards in the Language of Taurica Whereupon knowing her to be the King's Daughter they forthwith open'd the Gates upon which the Argonants rush'd in with their drawn Swords and kill'd many of the Barbarians and drove the rest terrify'd with the suddain Surprize out of the Temple and then plucking down the Fleece they hasted back to their Ship with all speed While these things were in acting Medea was as diligent on her part and poyson'd the ever wakeful Dragon which wound himself about the Fleece in the P. 175. Temple and then she went on Ship-Board with Jason The Tauricans that fled inform'd the King of what was done who forthwith pursuing the Greeks with his Souldiers which were ready at hand overtook them at the Sea-side and falling upon them on the suddain slew Iphitus one of the Argonauts Brother of Euristheus who impos'd upon Hercules so many Labours But when the rest of the Greeks who were before dispers'd fell on in a great Body upon them the Barbarians were most of them kill'd by Meleager amongst whom was the King himself The Grecians hereupon being fir'd with this Success press'd more resolutely upon the Colchians and at length put them to flight and slew the greatest part of them in the pursuit Of the Argonauts were wounded in this Encounter Jason Lacrtes Atalanta and the Thespiadae but they were cur'd within a few Days by Applications as is said made up of Herbs and Roots by Medea Then furnishing themselves with Provision they set Sail in order to return But being got into the midst of the Pontick Sea they were overtaken with a suddain Tempest to the great hazard of their Lives But Orpheus addressing himself to the Gods of Samothracia as before the Winds presently ceas'd and Glaucus the Sea-God presently appear'd near to the Ship and swam along by the Ship-side for Two Days and Nights together and foretold to Hercules his Labours and future Immortality He told likewise the †Castor and Pollux Tyndarides that they should be call'd * The Sons of Jupiter Dioscuri and should be ador'd and reverenc'd by all Men as Gods Then he call'd the Argonauts every one by their Names and told them that for the sake of Orpheus's Prayers by the provident care of the Gods he now appear'd to them and had foretold them of things to come Therefore he advis'd them that as soon as they landed they should pay their Vows and give Thanks to the Gods by whose Kindness they had been now twice deliver'd Having said this Glaucus dived again into the Sea The Argonauts being now arriv'd at the Mouth of Pontus made to Land where Byzas then reign'd from whom the City is now call'd Byzantium Here they erected Altars and offered up their Prayers and Thanks to the Gods and consecrated the Place which is now at this Day accounted Sacred and reverenc'd by all that sail by that way Loosing from thence they pass'd through Propontis and the Hellespont and made to the Coasts of Troy When they arriv'd there Hercules sent his Brother Iphiclus and Telemon into the City to demand Hesione and the Horses But Laomedon laid the Messengers by the Heels and plotted the Destruction of all the Argonauts To which foul Act all his Sons except Priam contributed their helping Hands For Priam alledg'd that Compacts with Strangers ought to be kept inviolable and press'd that his Sister with the Horses that were promis'd should be restor'd whose Advice being disregarded he privately convey'd Two Swords into the Goal to Iphiclus and Telamon declaring to them his Father's Design and by this means procur'd their Deliverance For forthwith killing the Keepers that resisted them they escap'd to the Sea and discover'd all particularly to the Argonauts The Heroes hereupon readily prepar'd themselves for Battel and marcht on to meet the Trojans who with their King were issu'd out of the City against them A sharp Dispute and Conflict there was but at length the Valour of the Heroes P. 176. prevail'd where they say Hercules exceeded them all for he kill'd Laomedon and took the City by a sudden Assault and punish'd them who were Parties and Contrivers in the Design with the King but gave the Kingdom to Priam for his Justice and Equity and after entring into a League of Friendship with him loos'd from thence with the Argonauts But some out of the ancient Poets say that being furnish'd only with Six Ships upon the Account of being deny'd the Horses he took Troy himself without the help of the Argonauts and to confirm this they alledge these Verses of H 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
young Lamb out of the Kettle to the admiration and astonishment of the young Women who now thinking they might with great assurance depend upon what she promis'd resolv'd to observe her in all her Commands and all of them but Alcetis who out of a pious and natural Affection to her Father would not lay Hands upon him cudgell'd him to Death Whereupon Medea pretended that Vows and Prayers were first to be made to the Moon before his Body was dissected and cast into the Cauldron To which end she carried the Young Ladies with Torches and Fire-brands to the top of the highest part of the Palace where Medea to spin out time mumbled out a long Prayer P. 178. in the language of Colchis that the Argonauts might make the Assault in the mean time who now seeing the Fire from the Turret concluded the King was dispatch'd and therefore in a Body they made hastily to the City where presently mounting over the Walls they enter'd the Palace with their drawn Swords and kill'd the Watch that oppos'd them As soon as Pelias his Daughters were come down to boil their Father unexpectedly seeing Jason with the rest of the Noble Youths his Companions enter'd into the midst of the Palace they grievously cry'd out with exceeding sorrow and lamentation Having now neither power to revenge themselves upon Medea nor time to purge themselves from the horrid fact that by her Delusions they had committed they had forthwith murder'd themselves if Jason pitying their miserable Condition had not prevented them and comforted them with this Consideration that their present Misery was not occasion'd by their own malitious Contrivance but that they were without any Fault of theirs led aside by the deceit of another He promis'd them likewise that their whole family should be civilly and honourably us'd Having therefore call'd together a General Assembly he excus'd what was done and declar'd that he had dealt far more gently with the Authors of those Injuries than they deserv'd and what he had done was far short of what he and his had suffer'd Then he plac'd Acastus the Eldest Son of Pelias upon his Father's Throne and carry'd himself with all due respect to the King's Daughters and in performance of what he had promis'd it 's said he at length marry'd them to the greatest Persons of Quality Alcestis the Eldest he marry'd to Admetus the Thessalian the Son of Pheretes Amphinome to Andraemon the Brother of Leonteus and Eradne to Canas the Prince of Phocis the Son of Cephalus And these were the things afterwards done by Jason Then arriving with the rest of the Heroes in the Isthmos of Peloponesus he there sacrific'd to Neptune and dedicated the Ship Argo to that God Having gain'd the special favour of Creon King of Corinth he was made Free of the City and ever after dwelt among the Corinthians When the Argonauts were preparing every one to return into his own Country they say Hercules made this Proposal Olympick Games instituted by Hercules This was the first Institution But the Olympicks were not an Aera till 460 Years after An. Mund. 3174 in the 37th Year of Vzziah King of Judah before Christ 774. that to obviate the unexpected Blasts and Frowns of Fortune they should enter into an Oath mutually to assist each other whenever any of them stood in need of help and that they should pick out the most remarkable place in Greece for the celebrating of Sports and a General and Solemn Meeting of all the Grecians and that the Games should be celebrated in honour of Jupiter Olympus the greatest of the Gods Upon which the Heroes enter'd into the Association propos'd and left it to Hercules to institute the Games who made choice of the Ground in the Territories of Elis near to the River Alpheus for the General and Solemn Meeting and dedicated the Place to the chiefest of the Gods from whom it was call'd Olympick Having therefore appointed Horse-coursing Wrestling and other Oymnick Sports and ordered their several Prizes and Rewards he sent Messengers to all the Cities to acquaint them with the institution of these Games He was in no small Honour and Repute before upon the account of his Expedition with the Argonauts But this Institution of the Olympick Games much more advanc'd his praise for he was so cry'd up amongst all the Grecians and was so eminently famous in the esteem of most of the Cities that many desir'd to enter into a League of Friendship with him and to stand and fall with him in all Dangers whatsoever His Valour and Military Art was so admir'd by every Body that he presently got together a vast Army with which he went through the whole World desiring to benefit all Mankind Upon which account all unanimously agree that he has attain'd to a state of Immortality But the Poets according to their prodigous P. 179. way of relating matters say that Hercules himself alone and without any Arms perform'd all those famous Actions reported of him But we have before given an Account of all those things that are fabulously related concerning this God And now it remains that we should proceed with the History of Jason It 's said that he and Medea as Man and Wife liv'd together Ten Years in Corinth and of her begat first Two Twins Thessalus and Alcimena and a Third call'd Tisandrus much younger than the other Two During all this time they say Medea was greatly belov'd of her Husband being eminent not only for the excellency of her Beauty but for her Prudence and other Virtuous Qualifications But it 's said that when she grew old and her Beauty began to decay Jason fell in love with Glauces the Daughter of Creon and courted the young Lady to marry her The Father agreed to the Match and appointed a Day but Jason they say first apply'd himself to Medea in order to persuade her to a voluntary Divorce telling her that he did not marry this other Lady out of any aversion or disgust to her but that he might have Children to be Heirs to the Royal Family Hereat the Woman storm'd and appeal'd to the Gods for Revenge the Witnesses of his Oath and Vows However it 's said Jason without any further regard to her marry'd the King's Daughter Medea therefore being commanded to leave the City having only one Day allow'd her by Creon to prepare for her Departure by the Art of Witchcraft she chang'd the Form of her Countenance and enter'd the Palace in the Night and by a Root found out by Cerces her Sister which being kindled was of such a nature as it could not be extinguish'd she set the Palace on Fire And now all being in a Flame Jason sprang out from the Burning and escap'd but Glance and her Father Creon hem'd in on every side by the Fire were both consum'd Some Historians say that Medea's Sons presented the new Bride with poyson'd Plasters which she applying to her self miserably perish'd and her Father
by the Tokens which he brought along with him he was known and owned by Aegeus 7. Afterwards he master'd the Marathonian Bull which Hercules in performance of one of his Labours brought from Crete into Peloponesus and led the Monster in Triumph into Athens which Aegeus sacrific'd to Apollo P. 183. And now it remains that we speak of the Minotaur which was kill'd by Theseus Minotaur But for the clearer understanding of the History it 's necessary that we first ascend to things done some time before that have a Reference to the Narration †Teutamus Tectamus the Son of Dorus the Son of Hellen the Son of Deucalion arriving in Crete with the Aeolians and Pelasgians reign'd there as King and marrying the Daughter of Cretheus had by her Asterius in the time of whose Reign they say Jupiter having carry'd away Europa out of Phaenicia transported her upon a Bull 's Back into Crete and upon her begot Three Sons Minos Rhadomanthus and Sarpedon Asterius King of Crete afterwards marry'd Europa but having no Children of his own he adopted the Sons of Jupiter and left the Kingdom to them Rhadamanthus prescrib'd Laws for the Cretians Minos taking the Kingdom upon him marry'd Itone the Daughter of Lyctius and of her begat Lycastes who coming to reign Marry'd Ida the Daughter of Corybantus and of her begat another Minos whom some say was the Son of Jupiter He was the first of the Grecians that rigg'd out a gallant Navy and gain'd the Dominion of the Sea He marry'd Pasiphoe the Daughter of Sol and Cretes and by her had Deucalion Astrea Androgeus Ariadne and many other Children Androgeus in the Reign of Aegeus went to Athens to the * The Panathenean Festivals were kept in honour of Minerva wherein were exhibited Wrestling Horse-Races Dancing in Armour c. They were celebrated the 27th of July Yearly Rous Archaeal Attic. lib. 2. c. 10. p. 67. Vid. Steph. Dict. They were instituted by Theseus upon what ground See Pausan in Arcad. c. 2. Panathenean Solemnities where he was Victor in all the Sports and Contests upon which Account he became very familiar with the Sons of Pallas and thereupon Aegeus grew jealous lest the House of Pallas with the assistance of Minos should out him of his Kingdom and therefore contriv'd to cut off Androgeus To which end as he was travelling to Thebes to see a Sacred Procession by order of Aegeus he was way-laid by some of the Country People and assassinated near Oenon in Attica Minos afterwards hearing of the sad Misfortune of his Son went to Athens and requir'd Justice for the Murder committed But seeing that he could not prevail he proclaim'd War against the Athenians and prayed Jupiter to send a Drought and Famine upon the City of Athens whose Prayer was speedily heard for forthwith there was a great Drought throughout Attica and even through all Greece it self together with a miserable Scarcity and dreadful Famine The chief Men therefore of the several Cities assembling themselves together sent to consult the Oracle at Delphos what they must do in order to avert the present Calamity who answer'd that they were to go to Aeacus the Son of Jupiter and Aegina the Daughter of Asopus and intreat him to offer Sacrifices for them Which they did accordingly and Aeacus perform'd what they desir'd Upon which the Drought and Famine ceas'd in all Parts of Greece but only in Attica and there it still continu'd so that the Athenians were forc'd to resort again to the Oracle to implore Relief from the pressing Calamity Upon which the God return'd Answer that to expiate the Murder of Androgeus they should give to Minos such satisfaction as he requir'd The Athenians obey'd the Oracle and Minos demanded that for Seven Years together they should send Seven Boys and as many Girls to be devour'd by the Minotaur and that this they should do as long as the Monster liv'd The Athenians sent them accordingly and so the Famine ceas'd and Minos desisted from further prosecuting of the War When the Seven Years were expir'd Minos came again with a great Navy into the Coasts of Attica and demanded Fourteen Boys which were delivered him Theseus with the rest of the Children his Fellows being now ready to set Sail Aegeus sent a Pilot along with them with Orders that if Theseus overcame the Minotaur that they should enter the Here seems something to be wanting as how Theseus came to be one of them Vid. Plut. Thes Port of Athens with white Sails but if he perish'd with black as †In token of Mourning when they carry'd away the Children to Crete Plut. Thes they us'd formerly to do When the Athenians arriv'd in Crete Ariadna Minos his Daughter fell in love with Theseus for his gallant mean and deportment Having therefore opportunity of Converse with her by her Advice and Assistance he both kill'd the Minotaur and learn'd the P. 184. Passage out of the Labyrinth and so came out safe Then privately preparing for his return into his own Country he stole away Ariadna and sail'd out of the Port in the Night and arriv'd at the Island then call'd Dia but now Naxos They report that at that time Bacchus being taken with the Beauty of the Young Lady took her by force from Theseus and through the ardent Affection he had for her marry'd her and that his love for her was such as that after her Death he dignify'd her with Immortality and transform'd her crown into a Constellation of Stars call'd Ariadna's Crown Theseus they say was so griev'd Ariadna's Crown to be thus bereav'd of the Young Lady that through Sorrow and Vexation he forgot the Commands of Aegeus and made into the Port of Athens with black Sails At which sight Aegeus concluding that his Son was destroy'd resolv'd upon an Heroick but a sad and lamentable Action for he went up to the top of the Citadel and through the excessiveness of his Grief counting his Life a Burden to him he threw himself down Headlong After his Death Theseus succeeded him in the Kingdom and govern'd according to the Laws and ordered and performed many things which conduc'd to the welfare and increase of the City The most famous and remarkable among all the rest was this That he gather'd all the People together that were scatter'd Abroad in the Country and so were more considerable for their Number than their Power and brought them into Athens From this time the largeness of the City did so puff up the Athenians and swell them with that confidence that they question'd not but to be Lords of all Greece But having said enough of these things we shall go on with those that remain concerning Theseus and which afterwards happened to him Deucalion the Eldest of Minos's Sons reigning in Crete enter'd into a League with the Athenians and Marry'd his own Sister Phoedra to Theseus After his Marriage he sent away his Son Hippolytus whom
he had by the Amazon to Troezena to be bred and brought up by his Sister Aethra Of Phoedra he begat Acamantes and Demophon Hippolytus a while after coming to Athens to the Celebration of a great Festival Phoedra was so taken with his Beauty that she fell passionately in love with him But he going back again for that time she built near to the Citadel the Temple of Venus whence she might have a prospect of Traezene Afterwards going with Theseus to Traezene to visit Pittheus she solicited Hippolytus to lye with her who refusing the Motion her Love was turn'd into Hatred and Rage and therefore she accus'd him to her Husband that he attempted to Ravish her Theseus suspecting the truth of what she said summon'd Hippolytus to appear and answer the Accusation but Phoedra fearing she should be discover'd upon the Trial of the Cause hang'd herself When Hippolytus first heard of the Accusation he was driving a Chariot upon the News whereof he was in such a Consternation and Disturbance that he let the Reins fall which so startled the Horses that they hurried him away and broke the Chariot in Pieces and he himself being fastn'd in the Harness was drag'd along upon the Ground and so perish'd Hippolytus thus losing his Life upon the account of his commendable Chastity was ador'd by the Troezenians as a God Theseus afterwards by a Sedition being driven out of the City died in Banishment But the Athenians being sorry for what they had done brought back his Bones and honour'd him as a God and the Place where they bury'd him in the midst of Athens they made a Sanctuary which from him was call'd Theseion Since we have proceeded so far in the Story of Theseus we shall give a distinct account also of the Rape of Helen and of the intention of Perithous to court Proserpina for these things have a Relation to the History of Theseus Perithous the Son of Ixion after the Death of his Wife Hippodamia by whom he had a Son call'd Polypodes went to Athens to Theseus whom finding a Widower having then lately bury'd his Wife Phoedra he advis'd to steal away Helen the Daughter of Jupiter and Laeda who was then about Ten Years of Age and of surpassing Beauty To this end they went with some other of their Associates P. 185. to Lacedemon and catching a fit opportunity for the purpose seiz'd upon Helen as their common Prize and carry'd her away to Athens where it was agreed between them to cast Lots for her and that he who should have the good Fortune to gain her should faithfully assist the other through all Hazards whatsoever in procuring him another Wife This Compact being confirm'd by a Solemn Oath she fell by Lot to Theseus The Athenians were much incens'd at what was done in this Business Theseus therefore fearing the bad effect of it privately kept Helen at Aphidna one of the Cities of Attica and committed her to the care of his Mother Aethra and some other Persons of Quality that were his Faithful Friends Afterwards Perithous had a desire to court Proserpina and for this purpose requir'd Theseus to go along with him At first Theseus endeavour'd to dissuade him and to take him off from such a wicked and impious Design But Perithous urging him the more vehemently and by vertue of his Oath being bound thereunto he at length agreed to joyn with him in the Attempt To this end both of them descended into the * Hell See this explain'd in Plut. Thes This Pluto was the King of the Molossians and his Wives and Daughters Name was Proserpina who clapt both Theseus and the other up in Prison Shades below and for their Impudence and Impiety were clapt up and bound fast in Chains but Theseus was afterwards releas'd for the sake of Hercules But Perithous suffers Eternal Pains with the Infernal Spirits for his Wickedness though some Writers report that neither of 'em ever return'd About the same time they say Castor and Pollux the Brother of Helen assaulted Aphidna and taking it by Storm raz'd it to the Ground and carry'd away Helen still a Virgin to Lacedemon and with her among the Captives Aâ—thra the Mother of Theseus Having spoke sufficiently of these things we shall now proceed to give an Account of the Seven Captains that made War against Thebes and shew the first Causes of that War Laius The Seven Captains against Thebes This is the first War related by any Heathen Historian either in Prose or Verse An. Mund. 2727 the 10th Year of Jair Judg. 10. 3. Before Christ 1221 about 30 Years before the Trojan War the King of Thebes having marry'd Jocasta the Daughter of Creon and for a long time being without Children at length consulted the Oracle whether he ever should have any Issue Pithia the Priestess gave answer from the Oracle that it would be unfortunate to him to have any Issue for the Son that he should afterwards beget should kill him and involve his whole Family in most dreadful Calamities But somewhat forgetful of what the Oracle had declar'd he afterwards begat a Son but bor'd his Feet through with an Iron and order'd him to be expos'd in the open Fields and for that reason he was afterwards call'd Oedipus The Servants that took him Oedipus into their Custody for that purpose were unwilling to leave him so to the wide World but gave him to †King of Scicion or Corinth Polybus his Wife who was barren Being attain'd at length to Man's Estate Laius resolv'd to inquire of the Oracle to know what was become of the expos'd Infant and Oedipus at the same time being by some one inform'd of the Design against him when he was so very Young took a Journey to Delphos to inquire of the Oracle who were his true Parents It so fell out that both of them meeting one another upon the Road in Phocis Laius in a proud and haughty manner commanded Oedipus to get out of the way who thereupon was so inrag'd that he fell upon Laius and kill'd him not knowing him to be his Father About that time they report that Sphinx a double shap'd Monster came to Sphinx Thebes and put forth a Riddle to be resolv'd by any that could Which none being able to do by reason of the difficulty of the thing she destroy'd many At length she became more moderate and offer'd a Reward to such as should unfold it that he should marry Jocasta and with her injoy the Kingdom of Thebes When none else could expound the Riddle Oedipus was the only Man that did it The Riddle propounded by Sphinx was this What Creature is that that is Two-Footed Three-Footed and Four-Footed When all others were puzled Oedipus interpreted it to be a Man who when he is an Infant creeps upon all * His Hands and Feet Four when he grows elder goes upright upon his Two Feet but when he is old he 's Three-Footed using a
Fishermen of later time have brought up with their Nets the Heads of Stony Pillars certain Signs of the Cities being overflow'd and ruin'd by the Waters The Inhabitants that escap'd they say fled to the higher parts of the Island but the Sea rising still higher they made their Addresses to their Gods and thereupon being deliver'd from the imminent Danger they were in they compass'd in the Bounds of those Places wherein they were preserv'd throughout the whole Island and there erected Altars where they sacrifice to their Gods at this Day Whence it 's apparent that they inhabited Samothracia before the last Deluge Afterwards one Saon an Islander the Son as some say of Jupiter and Nympha but as others of Mercury and Rhena gather'd the Inhabitants before living scatter'd and dispers'd into a Body and made Laws for their better Government and divided them into Five Tribes calling them after the Names of his Sons but nam'd himself Saon after the Name of the Island The Government being thus setled it 's said that Dardanus Jasion and Harmonia the Children of Jupiter and Electra one of the Daughters of Atlas were born among them Of these Dardanus being a bold and brave Spirited Man pass'd over in a Pinnace into Asia and first built the City Dardanus and erected the Kingdom of Troy so call'd from Troy built afterwards and call'd the People Dardanians He Reign'd they say over many other Nations besides in Asia and that the Dardanians above Thrace were a Colony setled there by him It 's further said that Jupiter desiring likewise to advance his other Son to a high degree of Honour and Reputation discover'd to him the Rites of the Sacred Mysteries anciently observ'd in that Island but then newly reviv'd which it was not lawful for any to hear but those that are initiated But he seems to be the first that initiated Strangers whence these Rites and Ceremonies became more noted and famous About this time Cadmus the Son of Agenor came thither to seek after Europa Cadmus and being initiated into these Sacred Mysteries married Harmonia the Sister of Jasion not the Daughter of Mars as the Greeks report They say that this was the first Marriage that was celebrated in the presence of the Gods where Ceres in love with Jasion presented him with Corn Mercury with a Harp Minerva bestow'd that famous Necklace Vail and Pipe Electra taught him to celebrate the Sacred Mysteries of the great Mother of the Gods with Cymbals Timbrels and Dancing Apollo play'd upon his Harp and the Muses upon wind Instruments and the rest of the Gods celebrated the Nuptials with joyful Acclamations Cadmus afterwards as he was commanded by the Oracle built Thebes in Beotia and Jasion marry'd Cybele of whom they say he begat Coxybas after Jasion was receiv'd into the Number of the Gods Dardanus Cybele and Coripas travelling into Phrygia brought over the sacred Mysteries of the Mother of the Gods into Asia then Cybele Marry'd Olympus the first and bore Alces and call'd this Godess Cybele after her own Name Corybas call'd those that celebrated the sacred Mysteries of his Mother in a furious Rage like Madmen after his own Name Corybantes and marry'd Thebe the Daughter of * Cilix the Son of Phelix whence Celicid Cilix and thus Pipes were brought over into Phrygia and Mercury's Harp into Lyrnesus which when the City was taken was carry'd away by Achilles It 's reported likewise that Pluto was the Son of Jasion and Ceres which rose from this real Truth that Ceres at the Marriage of Haermonia bestowed upon Jasion upon the account of her Familiarity with him †Plutos is rich in Greek rich Presents P. 224. of Corn But what are particularly acted in the Celebration of these sacred Mysteries it 's granted are only known by those that are initiated It 's commonly said that these Gods are always present and afford their help and assistance to those that are Initiated and call upon them when they fall into any suddain and unexpected Distress and that these Worshipers grow more and more Pious and Righteous and still exceed themselves in Goodness and therefore the most famous of the Ancient Heroes and Demygods greatly coveted to be initiated into these sacred Rites and Ceremonies For it 's believ'd that Jasion Dioscurus Hercules and Orpheus who were Members of this Society through the favour of these Gods prosper'd in all their Wars Having now finish'd what concerns Samothracia the Course of the History leads us to Naxus This Island was formerly call'd Strongyle The Thracians were the first that Naxus setl'd here upon the occasion following It 's said that Boreas had two Sons Butes and Lycurgus of several Mothers Butes the younger Plotted to Murther his Brother which being plainly discover'd the Father appointed no greater a Punishment to be Executed upon his Son but only commanded him with his Accomplices to take Shipping and be gone and seek out for themselves some other Habitations Upon which Butes with a Number of Thrasians his fellow Criminals went aboard and in a direct Course made their way through the Cyclade Islands and arriv'd at Strongyle and thus possess'd of the Island robb'd all by their Piracies that pass'd that way But being in want of Women they rov'd about here and there and forcibly carry'd them away where ever they could find them Some of the Ciclade Islands at that time were wholly desolate and others of them but very thinly inhabited Running out therefore a long way off and being repuls'd at Eubaea they arriv'd at Thessaly and there landing they met with the Nurses of Bacchus at the Mountain call'd Diros Celebrating the Mysteries of the Gods in Achaia Phthiotis being then ready to seize upon the Women some of them cast away their Offerings and fled to the Sea and others to the Mountain before mention'd But Butes seiz'd upon Coronides and Ravish'd her which dishonour she bore so hainously that she call'd upon Bacchus to revenge her Disgrace and thereupon he struck Butes with Madness who in his Mad mood cast himself into a Pit and so perish'd The rest of the Thracians seiz'd upon other Women amongst whom were two Noble Ladies Iphimedia the Wife of Aloeas and his Daughter Pancratis with these they return'd to Strongyle In the room of Butes they Created Agassamenus King of the Island and Marry'd him to Pancratis the Daughter of Aloeas a Lady of an admirable Beauty For before whom he took her to be his Wife Siculus and Hecaterus two of the most eminent Commanders fought a Duel and Wounded one another Agassamenus bestow'd Iphimedia upon one of his intimate Friends whom he had made General of his Army In the mean time Aloeas sent his two Sons Otus and Ephialtes to seek after his Wife and Daughter who invading Strongyle fought with the Thracians routed 'em and took the City by Storm Not long after Pancratis dy'd Otus and Ephialtes possess'd themselves of the Island and ousted the
after was ador'd by the Inhabitants as a Goddess by the Name of Leucothea Afterwards the Telchines foreseeing an Inundation coming upon Rhodes forsook the Island and were dispers'd and scatter'd Abroad Of whom Lycus went into Lycia and built the Temple of Apollo Lycius near to the Banks of the River Xanthus When the Flood came it rose so high that besides destroying those that remain'd in the Island all the flat and Champain part of the Country with Showers that pour'd down continually was like a standing Pool of Water Some few that fled to the higher Grounds were preserv'd amongst whom were the Sons of Jupiter But Sol as the Story is falling in love with Rhoda call'd the Island after her Name Rhodes and cleared the Island of the Inundation But the truth coucht in the Fable is this In the first Generation of all things when the Island lay in Mud and Dirt the Sun dry'd up the Moisture and made the Land productive of Living Creatures whence sprang the Seven Heliades so call'd from †In Greek Helios the Sun and other Men the Original Inhabitants And hence it is that they account the Island to be consecrated to the Sun and the Rhodians in after-times constantly worship'd the Sun above all other Gods as the Parent from whence they first sprang The Names of his * The Heliades Seven Sons are Ochimus Ceraphus Macir Astis Tenages Triopas and Candalus ‖ Sol the Sun he had only one Daughter call'd Electryo who dying a Virgin became ever after ador'd by the Rhodians as a Demy-Goddess When the Heliades attain'd to Mens Estate Sol told 'em that which soever of them first sacrific'd to Minerva should ever enjoy the presence of the Goddess The same thing it 's said was promis'd and foretold at the same time to the Athenians Hereupon it fell out that the Heliades through P. 227. too much hast forgot to put Fire under the Altars before they laid the Sacrifices upon them Cecrops they say then reign'd in Athens and was later than the other in slaying the Burnt-Offering but was before them in burning the Victim for which Reason there 's a peculiar * That is laying the Victim upon the Altar before the Fire Ceremony us'd in Rhodes in their Sacred Mysteries to this Day and the Image of the Goddess is set up there These things some have related concerning the Antiquities of the Rhodians among whom is Zenon who wrote their History The Heliades as they were in station above other Men so they excell'd others in Learning and especially in Astrology They were the Persons that first found out the Art of Navigation and the dividing of the Day into Hours Tenages was the most ingenious of any of them and therefore through Envy was Murdered by his Brothers Upon discovery of the Fact both the principal Authors and their Accomplices fled for it Macer got to Lesbos and Candalus to Coos Actis fled into Egypt and there built Heliopolis calling it after the Name of his Father and from him the Egyptians learnt the Science of Astrology Afterwards when most of the Inhabitants of Greece were destroy'd by the Flood and all Records and ancient Monuments perish'd with them the Egyptians took this occasion to appropriate the study of Astrology solely to themselves and whereas the Grecians through Ignorance as yet valu'd not Learning it became a general Opinion that the Egyptians were the first that found out the Knowledge of the Stars And so even the Athenians themselves though they built the City Sais in Egypt yet by reason of the Flood were led into the same Error of forgetting what was before And therefore it 's believ'd that many Ages after Cadmus the Son Cadmus of Agenor brought the Knowledge of Letters out of Phaenicia first into Greece and after him it 's suppos'd the Grecians themselves added some Letters to those they learn'd before but a general Ignorance however still prevailed amongst them Triopas another Son past over into Caria and possessed himself of the Promontory there call'd from him Triopium The rest of Sol's Sons having had no hand in the Murder staid behind in Rhodes and afterwards built the City Achaia and dwelt in Ialysia But the Regal Power was in Ochymus the Eldest Son who marry'd Hegetoria one of the Nymphs and of her begat a Daughter call'd Gydippe who afterwards went by the Name of Cyrbias by marrying of whom Cercaphis his Brother came to the Kingdom after whose Death Three of the Sons Lindus Ialysus and Camirus reign'd together in whose time a great Inundation laid Cyrbe waste and desolate These Three Brothers divided the Country amongst themselves and each built a City and call'd them after their own Names At this time Danaus fled out of Egypt with his great number of Daughters Danaus and landed at Lindus in Rhodes where being receiv'd by the Inhabitants he built a Temple to Minerva and consecrated to her an Altar During this Travel of Danaus Three of his Daughters dy'd in Lindus and the rest pass'd over with their Father to Argos Not long after Cadmus the Son of Agenor being commanded by the King to Cadmus seek after Europa made for Rhodes and in the Voyage being overtaken with a violent Storm made a Vow to build a Temple to Neptune Having therefore escap'd the danger according to his Vow he dedicated a Temple to this God in the Island and left some of the Phaenicians to be Overseers of the Sacred Mysteries who were made Members of the City with the Ialysians and out of their Families they say from time to time were chosen the Priests Cadmus at that time devoted many rich Gifts to Minerva Lindia amongst which was a Brass Cauldron a most excellent piece of curious ancient Workmanship it had an Inscription upon it in Phaenician Letters which were therefore called Phaenician P. 228. because they say they were first brought out of Phaenicia into Greece In after-times vast Serpents bred in Rhodes which destroy'd many of the Inhabitants those therefore that remain'd sent to Delos to consult the Oracle what was to be done for the removal of the present Calamity they suffer'd under who return'd answer That they should admit Phorbas and his Followers to share with them in the Island He was the Son of Lapithas and was then with many of his Friends in Thessaly seeking for a convenient Place wherein to settle themselves The Rhodians hereupon according to the direction of the Oracle sent for Phorbas and receiv'd him as a Proprietor with them in the Island who destroy'd all the Serpents and freed the Country from their former fears and from thenceforth continu'd in Rhodes and was after his Death ador'd as a Demy-God having approv'd himself a Good Man in several other respects Afterwards Althaemenes the Son of Catreus King of Crete consulting the Oracle Althaemenes concerning some Affairs was answer'd that it would be his Fate to kill his own Father to
avoid which Misfortune he voluntarily forsook Crete with many others who of their own accord went along with him and pass'd over to Camirus the Metropolis of Rhodes and there built a Temple upon Mount Atamirus to Jupiter Atamirus which is in great Veneration and Esteem at this Day It 's situated upon the very Top of the Mountain whence may be had a clear Prospect of Crete Althamenes with his Followers thus setl'd in Camirus liv'd in great Honour and Esteem among the Citizens But his Father Catreus having no issue Male and exceedingly loving his Son undertook a Voyage to Rhodes longing to find out his Son and bring him back to Crete And now his unalterable Destiny was near at Hand for landing at Rhodes in the Night with some others of his Attendants forthwith there was a Conflict between them and the Islanders whereupon Althamenes run in hastily to their Assistance and unknown to him kill'd his Father with a Dart which when he came to understand he was so overwhelm'd with Sorrow he ever after avoided all manner of Society and wander'd up and down in the Deserts and at last dy'd of Grief But by the Command of the Oracle he was afterwards honour'd by the Rhodians as a Demy-God After this a little before the Trojan War Tlepolimus the Son of Hercules fled voluntarily from Argos by reason of his Killing of Licymnius whom he slew unawares and upon inquiry having receiv'd an Answer from the Oracle concerning the planting of a Colony he pass'd over with a few People into Rhodes where being receiv'd he settled And being afterwards created King of the Island he divided the Country into equal Shares by Lot and during his Reign order'd all other Matters according to the Rules of Justice and Equity At length preparing to go along with Agamemnon in the Expedition against Troy he committed the Government into the Hands of Butas who fled with him from Argos And after he had gain'd much Glory and Renown in that War he dy'd in the Country of Troas Now because some things of Chersonesus are intermix'd with the Affairs of Chersonesus Rhodes over against which it lyes we conceive it not amiss here to give an account of it Some are of Opinion it 's call'd Chersonesus from the nature of the Place being like to an Istmus or as others write from one Chersonesus once a Petty Prince there Not long after whose time it 's said Five of the Curetes came there which Curetes were the Posterity of those that brought up Jupiter born of the Mother Goddess Rhea in the Mountains of Ida in Crete After their arrival in Crete with a considerable Navy they expell'd the Cares the ancient Inhabitants and divided the Country into Five Parts and each of them built a City and call'd them after their own Names P. 229. Not long after Inachus King of Argos sent Cyrnus one of his Noblemen and Commanders with a considerable Fleet to find out his Daughter Io and not to return till he found her After he had rov'd about into several Parts of the World and could not find her he at length arriv'd at Caria in Chersonesus and there settled himself despairing ever to return to his own Country and afterwards partly by Force and partly by Perswasions he reign'd as King over part of the Country and built a City and call'd it Cyrnus after his own Name and govern'd so well to the advancement of the publick Good that he was greatly belov'd and honour'd by the Citizens Afterwards Triopas one of the Sons of Sol and Rhoda fled into Chersonesus for the Killing of his Brother But being cleared and acquitted by King Melisseus he sayl'd into Thessaly to the assistance of Deucalion's Sons and helpt to expel the Pelasgians thence and they divided the Country call'd Dotion among them He there cut down the Grove of Ceres and made use of it for the Building of himself a Palace for which he was hated of the People and forc'd to fly out of Thessaly and sayl'd away with some of his Followers to Cnidia where he built a City call'd after his own Name Triopium Leaving this Place he gain'd Chersonesus and a great part of Caria adjoining to it Many Writers and especially the Poets much differ about the Descent of Priopas Some derive his Descent from Canace the Daughter of Aeolus and Neptune others say his Parents were Lapitha the Son of Apollo and Stibes the Daughter of Pineus In Castabus in Chersonesus there 's a Temple dedicated to Hemithea what is remarkable concerning her is not fit to be omitted Although there are many various Stories related of her yet we shall only give an Account of what is generally granted and agreed upon by the Inhabitants to be true Staphylus and Chrysothemides had Three Daughters Molpadia Rhoeo and Parthenos Rhoeo was got with Child by Apollo at which her Father was so incens'd thinking she had play'd the Whore with some Mortal Man that he lockt her up in a Chest and threw her into the Sea and the Chest was afterwards cast up upon the Island Delos where she was deliver'd of a Son whom she nam'd Arrius Being thus wonderfully preserv'd she laid the Child upon the Altar of Apollo and pray'd to him that if he was the Child's Father he would save and defend the Infant Upon which the Story goes that Apollo hid the Child but afterwards took care to have him carefully brought up and endued him with a Prophetick Spirit and advanc'd him to great Honour and Reputation Molpadia and Parthenos the other Sisters having the Charge of their Father's Wine the use of which was then but newly found out with Drinking too much fell fast asleep in the mean time a Sow which they fed coming into the Place threw down the Hogshead and spilt all the Wine When the poor Ladies perceiv'd what was done they so dreaded the Severity of their Father that they fled to the Sea Shoar and threw themselves headlong from the Top of a high Rock into the Sea But Apollo for the sake of their Sister took them up safe and brought them to some Cities in Chersonesus Where Parthenos at Bubastus was ador'd as a Goddess and had a Temple erected in honour to her Molpadia was brought to Castabus and for the special Revelations she had from the God she was call'd †Half a Goddess Hemithea and was in great honour and esteem among all the Chersonesians In the Celebration of her Mysteries in remembrance of the Misfortune concerning the Wine they offer Drink-Offerings of Water and Honey mixt together and he that has toucht a Swine or eaten of Swines-Flesh is not permitted to enter into her Temple This Temple of Hemithea in following times grew so Famous that not only P. 230. the Inhabitants ador'd it but Strangers far and near resorted to it with great Devotion and with many rich Presents and magnificent Sacrifices and that which is most observable is that the
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whilst Saturn reign'd those then his Subjects were Who liv'd the lives of Gods without all care Who Sorrow Labour nor Old Age opprest But soundness both in Hands and Feet them blest With joyful Vigour to their Feasts they went Free from all Ills their Deaths did represent Sound Sleep to them flow'd down what e're was good And without Toyl the Earth did yield them Food And from her Fruitful Womb did them afford Her Fruits most freely of her own accord Rich in their Flocks and to the Gods most dear During this Reign these happy People were And these are the things they reported of Saturn As to Hyperion they say that he was the first that by his own Industry found Hyperion out the Motions of the Sun and Moon and other Stars and the Seasons and Distinctions of Time measur'd out by them and afterwards imparted his Knowledge to others And therefore he was call'd the Father of those Planets as he that first taught the Knowledge and nature of them Latona they say was the Daughter of Coeus and Phebe and that Prometheus was the Son of Japetus who as some feign stole Fire from the Gods and bestow'd P. 232. it upon Men. But the truth of the Story is he found out the way how to strike Fire out of Flint or Stone Mnemosyne they say found out the Art of Logick and gave Mnemosyne proper Names to every thing by which whatever is discours'd of might be distinctly known and understood But some attribute this to Mercury They ascribe likewise to this Goddess every thing conducing to the help of Man's Memory from whence she has her * Mnemosyne Memory in Greek Themis Name Themis taught the Art of Divination and instructed Men in Holy Rites and prescrib'd Laws for the Service and Worship of the Gods and for preservation of Peace and good Government amongst Men and therefore we call those that keep and take care of the Sacred Laws both of Gods and Men Thesmophylacae and Thesmothetae And when Apollo himself is to give his Answer at the Oracle we say †To act the part of Themis Themisteum because he was the first that practiz'd Divination These Gods therefore having thus greatly benefited Mankind were not only ador'd with Divine Honours but were accounted to be the first that after their Deaths were translated to * Olympus Heaven Vesta Ceres Juno Jupiter Neptune and Pluto are said to be the Children of Saturn and Rhea Vesta invented the Building of Houses and upon this account almost every Vesta Body sets up her Statue in their Houses and adore her with Divine Honours Ceres was the first that discover'd the use of Bread-Corn finding it by chance Ceres growing of it self amongst other Plants and Herbs and taught the way of Housing and Baking it and how to sow it For she found out Corn before Proserpina was born after whose Birth and Rape by Pluto she was so incens'd at Jupiter and in such grief for the loss of her Daughter that she set all the Corn on Fire But when she had found out Proserpina she was reconciled to Jupiter and gave Seed-Corn to Triptolemus with order to impart it to all People and teach them how to order it and make use of it Some say she made Laws to direct Men to deal justly and truly one with another and from hence she was call'd Thesmophoron For these great Advantages to Mankind she was likewise highly honour'd and not only Grecians but the Barbarians almost every where that partook of these Fruits ador'd and worship'd her with Solemn and Magnificent Festivals and Sacrifices There are many Controversies and Differences concerning the first finding out of this Fruit for some say this Goddess first saw it and taught the nature and use of it before any other For the Egyptians say that Isis and Ceres were one and the same Person who first brought Seed-Corn into Egypt the River Nile watering the Fields and washing the Country at proper Seasons much advancing thereby the growth and increase thereof But the Athenians say that although Corn was first found out amongst them yet it was transported from other Places into Attica The Place where it was first seen they call Eleusina because that Seed-Corn was first brought thither The Sicilians likewise who inhabit the ‖ Sicily Island specially dedicated to Ceres and Proserpina say it 's most reasonable to conclude that this great Gift was first bestow'd upon them who till'd and improv'd that Country which was most belov'd of this Goddess For it 's a most unreasonable thing this Place should be reported the richest Island of the World and yet to judge it the last in sharing of this great Blessing as if it had been no part of their Fertility especially when Ceres resided there her self and all agree that Proserpina was ravish'd in this Place and that this Island is a Country most proper for Corn of any other in the World as the Poet testifies P. 233. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hom. Odys lib. 9. ver 109. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Within this Island all things grow See before c. 1. Without the help of Seed or Plow As Wheat and Barley Of Ceres therefore thus they say In Stories of her As to the other Deities they say that Neptune was the first that us'd Navigation and rigg'd out a Navy and was appointed Admiral by Saturn and therefore it was a common Tradition afterwards that all Sea-Affairs were under his Rule and Government and upon that account Mariners worship him with Solemn Sacrifices They say moreover that Neptune was the first that manag'd Horses and taught the Art of Horsemanship whence he was call'd * A Horse-man Hippius Pluto they say first shew'd the way of Sepulchres and Pompous Funerals Pluto whereas before no regard was had to any of these which was the reason he was accounted Lord of the Dead and Prince of the Infernal †Of Hell Jupiter Shades There are many differing Opinions concerning the Genealogy and Kingdom of Jupiter There are some of Opinion that after the Death of Saturn he succeeded in the Kingdom not advanc'd to that dignity by a forceable Expulsion of his Father but by a just and lawful Succession Others report that Saturn being forewarned by the Oracle concerning Jupiter that a Son of his to be afterwards born would oust him of his Kingdom by force kill'd his Children one after another as soon as they were born at which Rhea was so griev'd not being able to work upon her Husband 's obstinate Humour that she forthwith upon his Birth hid Jupiter in Ida recommending his Education to the Care of the Curetes who inhabited that Mountain And that they again lodg'd him in a Cave and intrusted him with the Nymphs intreating them to be very careful of him who
fight Cassander She her self taking Ant. Ch. 314. along with her the Son of Alexander and Roxana his Mother and Thessalonica the Daughter of Philip the Son of Amyntas Deidamia the Daughter of Eacides King of Epirus and Sister of Pyrrhus who afterwards made War upon the Romans and the Daughters of Attalus and other Kindred and eminent Relations enter'd into Pydna so that a great Olympias goes to Pydna and is there besieg'd throng of People Useless and Unserviceable for War attended upon her Neither was there Provision in that Place sufficient for such a Multitude to hold out any long Siege All which disadvantages though they were clear Evidences of the greatness of the Danger yet she was resolv'd to stay here expecting many Greeks and Macedonians to come in to her assistance by Sea There were with her some Horse from Ambracia and many of the Troops of the Houshould and the rest of Polysperchon's Elephants The other had been before taken by Cassander at his former irruption into Macedonia who now having recover'd the Passes at Perrhebea so as that he had his way open to Pydna begirt the Town round with a Mud-wall from Sea to Sea and sent for Shipping and all sorts of Weapons and Engines of Battery from his Confederates with a design to block up Olympius both by Sea and Ant. Ch. 314. Land But when he had Intelligence that Eacides King of Epirus was coming with a strong Army to the Relief of Olympias he deliver'd some Forces to the Command of Atarchias with Orders to meet the Epirots who presently executing what he was commanded possess'd himself of the Passes into Epirus so that Eacides was wholly deseated in his Design For the Epirots were forc'd against their Wills to the Expediâ—ion into Macedonia and therefore mutiny'd in the Camp However Eacides desirous by any way possible to Râ—heve Olympias cashier'd all those that favour'd not his Design taking in those who were willing to run the same risk with himself he was indeed very forward to Engage but had not yet force enough for the Party that stuck to him was very small In the mean time the Epirots that were sent away into their own Country revolted from the King and his People by a common Decree of the State Banish'd him the The Epirots forsake their King and join with Cassander Kingdom and Consederated with Cassander like to which never before hapned in Epirus from the time that Neoptolimus the Son of Achilles reign'd there For the Kingdom ever descended from the Father by Right of Succession to the Son till this time When Cassander was thus supported by the Confederacy of the Epirots and had sent Lyciseus both as General and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Governor Ant. Ch. 314. Viceroy into Epirus they in Macedonta who before were at a stand whether they should Confederate with Olympias or not now seeing no hopes remaining for the retrieving her Affairs join'd with Cassander So that now the only Prop remaining to rely upon for Relief was Polysperchon and this was presently in a strange manner shatter'd and broken in Pieces for when Callas who was sent as Geneneral Olympias her Affairs brought very low by Cassander sate down with his Army near to Polysperchon in Perrebia he so corrupted most of his Soldiers with large Bribes that very few remain'd especially of those that were look'd upon to be most Faithful And thus low were the Affairs of Olympias P. 691. sunk in a very short time As for the Affairs of Asia at this time Antigonus then Wint'ring in Gadamalis otherwise Gaderlis looking upon his Army too weak for the Enemy contriv'd how to fall upon them unawares and to Out wit them Eumenes his Soldiers were so scatter'd and dispers'd in their Winter-quarters that some of them were six days march distant one from another But Antigonus judg'd it not adviseable to march through the Countries Antigonus his design to have surpriz'd Eumenes that were Inhabited both in regard the Journey would be very long and tedious and likewise presently known to the Enemy but conceiv'd it much more for his advantage to lead his Army through the dry and barren Desarts though it were far more troublesome for that it was much the shorter Cut and by that means his march would be secret Ant. Ch. 314. and so he might fall upon the Enemy suddenly and unexpectedly as they lay dispers'd and scatter'd in their Quarters never dreaming of any such thing Upon these Considerations he commanded his Soldiers to be ready for a March and to prepare for themselves Ten Days Victuals * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 neither Rosting nor Bâ—â—ling such as need not the Fire He himself gave it out that he would march through Armenia But on a sudden contrary to the Expectation of his whole Army * The Winter Tropâ—ck in the Depth of Winter he march'd towards the Desarts In their march he order'd Fires to be made in the Day but to be put out in the Night left that any seeing them far off from the Mountains might discover his approach to the Enemy For the Desart was almost all wholly Plain and Champaign surrounded with many high Hills from whence it was easie a long way off to discover the Fires But when the Army had spent Five days in this tedious Journey the Soldiers for very Cold as for other necessary Uses fell to making of Fires by Night as well as by Day which some of the Inhabitants of the Wilderness espying they presently the very same day sent away Messengers upon Dromedaries to give Intelligence thereof to Eumenes and Peucestes This Beast will commonly run * 〈◊〉 Fifteen hundred Furlongs a Day â—00 M 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Peucestes being inform'd that the Enemy's Army was seen half way of their march began to think of running away * To the utmost â—ounds of their Winter Quarters as far as he could being afraid the Enemy would be upon him before he could get the Forces together from every Quarter where they then lay dispers'd Eumenes perceiving the Fright he was in bid him be of good Heart and continue upon the Edge of the Wilderness for he had found out a way that Antigonus should not come into those Parts in three or four days And having done that they Ant. Ch. 314. should be able within that time easily to get all their Forces together and so the Enemy being tir'd out and starv'd for want of Provision would all fall into their hands All wonder'd at this strange Undertaking and every one was earnest to learn what it was that should give a stop to the Enemy Eumenes hereupon commanded all the Captains Eumenes his stratagem to stop Antigonus in his march and Soldiers that were then at hand to follow him with a great number of Urns full of Fire and then chose out some of the Highest Ground in the Country which look'd every way towards the
upon him the Government a Warlike Prince and in all respects accomplish'd for the Kingdom who joining Battle with the Persians and behaving himself with great Gallantry and Resolution was kill'd in the Fight and his Son Ariamnes succeeded him in the Kingdom To whom were born two Sons Ariarathes and Holophernes And after he had Reign'd 50 Years he dyed Holofernes having done nothing memorable and the Elder of his Sons Ariarathes succeeded him who it's said bore so great and tender a Love to his Brother that he advanc'd him to the highest degree of Honour and Preferment And sent him to join with the Persians in the War against the Aegyptians who after return'd loaden with many and large marks of Honour conferr'd upon him by Ochus for his Valour and dy'd in his own Country leaving behind him two Sons Ariarathes and Arysses And that his Brother the King of Cappadocia * Gr. having no legal Issue having no legal Issue adopted Ariarathes his Brother 's Eldest Son About this time Alexander the Macedonian King ruin'd the Persian Empire and presently after dy'd But Perdiccas who had the chief Command sent Eumenes as General into Cappadocia who subdu'd and kill'd Ariarathes and brought Cappadocia and all the bordering Territories into the the power of the Macedonians But Ariarathes the adopted Son of the former King despairing for the present to regain the Kingdom with a few followers fled into Armenia But Eumenes and Berdiccas both dying not long after and Antigonus and Seleucus imbroil'd in War one with another Ariarathes with the help of Arcloathus King of Armenia who furnish'd him with forces routed and kill'd Amyntas the Macedonian General and presently drave all the Macedonians out of the Country and recover'd his Kingdom He had 3 Sons the Eldest of which Ariamnes succeeded him who join'd in affinity with Antiochus Theos and Married his Eldest Son Ariarathes to Stratonice Antiochus his Daughter And for the great love he had to him above all his Children â—e set the Diadem upon his Head and made him Co-parther with him in the Kingdom and after the death of his Father he reign'd alone Then he dying Ariarathes his Son of a very tender Age succeeded He Marry'd Antiochide the Daughter of Antiochus the great a very subtile Woman Who because she bore no Children to make up that defect contriv'd unknown to her Husband a suppositious Birth as if she had Born two Sons which were call'd Ariarathes and Holofernes But not long after she conceiv'd in reality and unexpectedly was deliver'd of two Daughters and one Son call'd Mithridates Upon this she acquainted her Husband with the Imposture and so wrought with him that she prevail'd with him to send away the Eldest of the two Sons with a small Sum of Money to Rome and the other into Ionia lest they should challenge the Kingdom from him that was lawful Heir to the Crown who after he came to Man's Estate its said was call'd Ariarathes and was Educated in all the learning of Greece and was a Person accomplish'd with all manner of Virtuous Endowments That the Father who was wonderfully belov'd by the Son strove all he could to repay his Son's love again And their mutual endear'd affections one towards another went so far that the Father would have given up the whole Kingdom into the Hands of the Son but the Son on the other side told him he could not possibly accept of so great an advantage from living Parents After therefore his Father dy'd he succeeded spending the rest of his life very virtuously and in the study of Philosophy So that Cappadocia which was before little known to the Grecians was now a desireable place of Residence for all learned Men He renew'd the League of Peace and Friendship with the Romans And in this manner is the Pedegree of those that have hitherto reign'd in Cappadocia brought down from Cyrus 4. For Statues are made of such Romans as are of noble Families in near resemblance of the Persons and according to the whole proportion of their Bodies For all their life long they have some who observe their Mien and Deportment and the special remarks of every part exactly Likewise every Mans Ancestor * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stands in that Habit and in those Ornaments and is so clearly represented that every one knows the Person as soon as he looks upon him and to what degree of Honour every one was advanc'd and what Share and Interest they had in the Commonwealth 5. * Rather Fulvius Olymp. 156 4. Ant. Ch. 151. Memmius was sent General with an Army into Spain But the * Lusitanians now Portugals Lusitanians just upon his Landing fell upon him and routed him and cut off most of his Army When this success of the Iberians was nois'd abroad the Araucians who look'd upon themselves to be far better Soldiers than the Iberians slighted and contemn'd the Enemy and upon this ground and confidence chiefly it was that in their general Council they determined to make War upon the Romans * Araucians now of Aurang Out of the 32d BOOK Fragment 1. ALexander fled out of the Fight with 500 Men to a City in Arabia call'd This was Alexander Epiphanes King of Syria and this Battle was with Ptolometor near Antioch Olymp. 158. 3. Ant. Ch. 144. See Mac. 1. Mac. 10. c. Joseph lib. 13. c. 8. Abas to Diocles the Prince there with whom he had before entrusted his Son Antiochus a Child of very tender Age. Afterwards the Chief Commanders who were about Heliades and had been with Alexander plotting to assassinate Alexander sent away some Messengers privately from among themselves promising secretly to Murder him Demetrius consenting to what they propos'd they became both Traitors and Murderers of their Prince We might be justly condemn'd if we should pass in silence that which happen'd before the death of Alexander tho' for the strangeness of the thing it be scarce credible King Alexander a little before these times consulted with the Oracle in Silicia where they say is the Temple of Apollo of Sarpedon and it is reported that the Oracle made Answer that he should take heed of that place which should bring forth a God of two shapes This Divine Hint was then taken for a Riddle but after the King was dead the Truth was discover'd in this manner For in Abas a City of Arabia dwelt one Diophantus a Macedonian This Man Marry'd an Arabian Woman by whom he had a Strange Stories of Hermaphrodites Heraides became a Man Son call'd after his own Name and a Daughter call'd Heraides His Son dy'd while he was young But he gave a Portion to his Daughter when she was grown up and Marry'd her to one Semiades who after he had liv'd with his Bride one year undertook a long Journey In the mean time it is reported that Heraides fell into a strange and wonderful distemper such as is scarce credible For she had a
Fumes of Lime b 38. e 2. 736 D. Demetrius King of Syria overcomes Alexander b 32. e 1. 724 E. Enna taken and plunder'd by the Slaves b 34. e 2. 727 Eunus the Juggler and Captain of the Slaves in Sicily ibid. H. Heraris a young Wife becomes a Man b 32 e 1. 724 Hermaphrodites strange Relations of Hermaphrodites ibid. I. Jerusalem the Temple by Antiochus Epiphanes taken by Antiochus Eupator b 34. e 1. 726 Jews hated of all An Heathenish Relation of their Coming out of Aegypt b 34. e 1. b 40. e 1. 726 736 Their Laws by Moses ibid. Jugurtha King of Numidia brought Prisoner to Rome b 36. e 1. 729 M. Marsian War b 37. e 1. 734 Masinissa his Srength and Age b 32. e 3. 325 Megallis the wife of Demophilus of Enna thrown down a Rock by the Women Slaves for her former Cruelty b 34. e 2. 327 Titus Minutius buys a Slave he fell in Love with for a great Sum of Money and stirs up the Servile War in Italy at length betray'd by his own men b 36. e 1. 729 Moses his Acts b 34. e 1. b 40. e 1. 726 736 N. Nerva manages the War against the Slaves in Sicily slothful b 36. e 1. 730 P. Persius King of Macedonia his extream Misery b 31. e 2. 722 Pompey his Death b 37. e 2. 734 Prusias King of Bithynia murder'd by his Son b 32. e 4. 726 R. Romans their superstition b 36. e 2 733 Their Statues of their Ancestors b 31. e 4. 723 Their Degeneracy from their former Frugality b 37. e 1. 734 S. Salvius a Piper Captain of the Slaves in Sicily is made King and call'd Tripho b 36. e 1. 731 Sicily It s lamentable Condition in the time of the servile Wars b 36. e 1. 729 Sylla His War with Marius his remarkable Death b 37. e 2. 735 T. Titinius betrays the S 〈…〉 s in Sicily b 36 e 1. 731 V. Varius Captain of the Slaves in Sicily b 36. e 1. ibid. Viriathus General of the Lusitanians once a Captain of Thieves his Successes against the Romans b 32. e 5. 726 W. War The War of the Slaves among the Romans b 34. e 2. 727 And in Attica ibid. At Nucera Capua and by Minutius b 36. e 1. 729 The Servile Wars in Sicily under Eunus Varius Salvius and Athenio b 34. e 2. b 36. e 1. 727 729 The FRAGMENTS out of the History of Diodorus the Sicilian Publish'd by H. Valesius A. ACtaeon pull'd in pieces between those that strove for him See Archias Lib. 6. Sect. 15. Page 743 Agathocles Kill'd with a Thunderbolt l 6. s 16. ibid. His Revenge upon his Soldiers that kill'd his Son l 2◠s 2. 748 Archias his vile love to Actaeon a virtuous young Boy l 6. s 15. 743 Astyages King of the Medes his Cruelty towards his subjects l 6. s 30. 745 Adrastus by Chance kill'd Atys the Son of Croesus Kills himself for it l 6. s 32 ibid. Atys See Adrastus ibid. Aeneas his Care of his Father when Troy was taken l 6. s 8. 742 Aristogon his praise l 6. s 46. 747 Antigonus one a private Man Kill'd through his Ambition l 21. s 1. 748 Apollodorus King of Cassandria in Macedonia his Cruelty l 22. s 5. 750 Attilius Regulus the Roman General his Misfortunes at Carthage routed by Xanthippus l 23. s 1. 751 Antiochus the Great his Acts l 26. s 28 to 33. 757 His strange familiarity with ordinary fellows l 26. s 43. 758 Epiphanes his foolish and light Carriage at Sports and in Feasts ibid. s 67 68 69. 761 Antiochus Cyzienus addicted to Puppit-Plays c. hunting wild Beasts in the night l 34. s 25. 774 Aradians slew the Ambassadors sent to them from the Marathenians l 26. s 97. 767 Arsases King of Parthia his praise l 26. s 107. 769 Attalus his cruelty l 34. s 9. 771 Athenaeus Antiochus's General abusive in his Quarters afterwards was famish'd to Death because none would relieve him by reason of his former abuses l 34. s 16. 722 Asellus See Lucius Asellus 776 B. Bias one of the Seven Wise Men His noble Entertainment and Redemption of Captive-Virgins l 6. s 28. 744 C. Castor and Pollux l 6. s 1. 741 Chilo one of the Seven wise Men l 6. s 26. 744 Cyrus his Praise l 6. s 29 31 34. 744 Croesus Cyrus his Kindness to him l 6. s 33 34. 745 Cambyses l 6. s 44. 747 Cimon his love to his Dead Father l 6. s 51. His Praise 52. 748 Carthaginians their War with the Mercenaries See War 752 Their Cruelty towards the Micatanian Revolters l 26. s 10. 754 Cretians their Treachery to the Citizens of Siphnus Corinth Rebuilt by Julius Caesar l 26. s 92. 766 Caius Gracchus his Head sold by his tr 〈…〉 rous Friend Lucius Metellius for its Weight in Gold l 34. s 22. 773 Drew out the Brains and pour'd in Lead to make it weigh heavier ibid. Caius Marius one of the Ambassadors sent to Metellus despis'd by him but belov'd by the Soldiers l 34. s 28. 775 Caius Domitius See Pompaedius D. Dromichares King of Thrace his kind Usage of Lysimachus and his Son when he had them prisoners Demetrius Nicanor King of Syria his Cruelty l 26. Demetrius Son of Philip King of Macedon murder'd by his Father through the instigation of his Brother Perseus l 26. s 39. 758 Decius Treacherously kill'd all the Rheglans l 22. s 1. 750 His end ibid Diegulis King of Thrace his cruelties l 26. s 104 105. 769 E. Eleans Consecrated to Jupiter by the Policy of the Lacedemonians l 6. s 12. 742 Eucephus his Treachery concerning Polychares his Cattel and his Cruelty l 6. s 14. 742 Eumenes his Kindness to his Brother Attalus tho' he had married his Queen in his absence upon news of his death l 26. s 44. 759 His other Acts s 48. ibid. His Praise s 66. 761 Eumenes King of Parthia his Cruelty raz'd a great part of Babylon F. Fimbria encouraged his Soldiers to plunder l 37. s 11 12. His Cruelties s 13. 779 G. Gauls their Cruelty l 26. s 65. 761 Gorgus Father and Son their remarkable love one to another H. Hippomenes caus'd his own Daughter to be eaten up by a Horse l 6. s 20. 743 Hamilcar his cruel usage by the Sons of Attalus l 24. s 5. 752 Hannibal his Acts l 26. s 1 2 3 4 5 6 9. 753 His Praise s 36. 757 Hieronymus King of Syracuse murder'd by his Subjects l 26. s 7 8. 754 Hasdrubal his Commendation l 26. s 11. 754 I. Julius Caesar his praise l 26. s 92. 766 Rebuilt Corinth ibid. Jugurtha Besieged his Brother Adherball in Cinna took the place and unnaturally slew his Brother l 34. s 23. 77◠L. Lycurgus l 6. s 11. 742 Lucius Tarquinius King of the Romans his praise l 6. s 23. 744 Lucretia her story l 6. s 48. 747 Lysimachus kindly us'd by the Thracians when he was prisoner l
702. l. 38. r. Colophonians p. 782. l. 3. r. Tryphon ' s Name p. ibid. legat 34. r. Saturninus p. 784. line 31. r. too little to be p. 785. l. 40. r. join'd with them p. 786. l. 45. add above p. 790. l. 34. add the. p. 794. l. 5. r. which were p. 796. l. 21. dele the second his THE CONTENTS Of the First Five Books of Diodorus the Sicilian BOOK I. Chap. 1. OF the first Generation of Men. How the World first began Mens first manner of Life and who were the first Men. First Men in Egypt Who were the most ancient Gods of Egypt Of their Demi-Gods Sol Saturn Rhea Jupiter Juno Vulcan reign'd in Egypt Of Osiris and Isis the Acts of Osiris and Isis Hermes his Inventions Osiris prepares for his Expedition through the World and to that end raises a great Army Page 1 Chap. 2. The Continuation of Osiris his Expedition through Ethiopia all Arabia India and Europe Bury'd by Isis and Mercury How he was kill'd His Death reveng'd by Isis and Orus Two Bulls Apis and Mnevis worship'd in Egypt Places discuss'd where Osiris and Isis were bury'd Stories of the Egyptian Priests Their Tears Lunar Tears Giants Laws about Marriage Osiris and Isis their Pillars and Inscriptions Colonies out of Egypt 7 Chap. 3. The Description of Egypt Of the Lake of Serbon The Nature of the River Nile The Cataracts The Mouths of Nile The Fruits of Egypt The Beasts Crecodile c. Several Opinions concerning the Inundation of Nile 14 Chap. 4. The first way of Living of the Egyptians Gods and Demi-Gods their Reigns in Egypt The ancient Kings of Egypt Moenis c. Their several Works Thebes built by Busitis The stately Sepulchres Obelisks and Temples there A Description of Osymanduas his Sepulchre Memphis built by Uchoreus Moeris his Lake Sesostris or Sesoosis his famous Expedition and great Works 22 Chap. 5. The Acts of Sesostris the Second Of Ammosis Actisan Mendes Proteus or Cetes Remphis Chemmis the great Pyramids built by him Cephres Mycerinus Bocchoris Sabach The Reign of Twelve Kings in Egypt Psammeticus Saites one of the Kings gain'd the whole Two hundred thousand of his Army forsake him and settle thmeselves in Ethiopia Apries succeeds long after Amasis rebels and next succeeds and Apries is strangled by the People Amasis the last King to the time of the Conquest of Egypt by Cambyses 31 Chap. 6. The Customs of the Egyptians Of their Kings As their hourly Employment Sacrifices Diet c. Burials Division of Egypt Their Trades in Egypt Courts of Justice their Law-Proceedings The several Laws of Egypt Beasts and Birds ador'd as Gods in Egypt as Lions Wolves Cats the Bird Ibis Kites c. Costs in their Burial of these Creatures Reasons given of this Adoration 36 Chap. 7. Why the Crocodile is worship'd Some sorts of Herbs and Roots not eaten Why other Creatures are worship'd The manner of their Burials The Law-makers in Egypt Learned Men of Greece made Journeys into Egypt as Orpheus Homer Plato Solon Pythagoras c. Several Proofs of this as their Religious Rites Fables c. in Greece of Egyptian Extraction The exquisite Art of the Stone-Carvers in Egypt Page 46 BOOK II. Chap. 1. NInus the first King of Assyria his Acts invades Babylonia Media and over-runs several other Countries Nineveh built by him the Description of it Marries Semiramis Her Descent Derceta the Philistines Dagon His Expedition against Bactria He dies Semitamis builds Babylon and several strange Works there as a Passage under Water Jupiter's Temple c. Hanging Gardens in Babylon A vast Stone cut out The strange Property of a Morass Her several Expeditions The wonderful Lake in Ethiopia Their Burials there Semiramis's Expedition into India Her Mock-Elephants Her Expedition proves fruitless She surrenders her Kingdom to Ninyas her Son Her End 53 Chap. 2. Ninyas succeeds Semiramis His close and slothful manner of Life The Reign of Sardanapalus His Luxury and Effeminacy His Epitaph Deposed by Arbaces the Mede And the Assyrian Empire overturn'd Nineveh raz'd 64 Chap. 3. Of the ancient Chaldeans and their Philosophy The Planets and their Course The Empire of the Medes and their Kings A Description of India The ancient Manners and Customs of the People Their Laws Tribes Description of Scythia Of the Amazons Of the Hyperboreans 69 Chap. 4. A Description of Atabia the Desart Happy c. Metals Precious Stones Beasts c. AD scription of Taprobana in the Southern Ocean now call'd Ceylon or Zeilan The strange Things there How discover'd by Iambulus 78 BOOK III. Chap. 1. OF the Ethiopians Their Letters Laws Arms Religion Funerals The Description of several Parts of the Country Manner of making of Gold Of the Icthyophages their several sorts and ways of Living 85 Chap. 2. Chelonophages The manner of taking Sea-Tortoises The Cetivores or Whale-Eaters The Sea-Coasts over-against Babylon Their manner of taking of Fish The Rizophages or Root-Eaters Those call'd Spermaphages and Hylophages Hylogones or Hunters their taking of wild Beasts The Elephant-Fighters how they are taken The Simoes Struthophages Acridophages or Locust Eaters their miserable Deaths Cynomolges The Country of the Troglodites Wild Beasts The terrible wild Bull Serpents that great one brought alive to Alexandria 94 Chap. 3. A Description of the Coasts and Countries on both sides the Arabian Gulf or Red Sea The Perfumes of Arabia the Happy The Fortunate Islands A Description of part of Lybia The Spectras near the Syrtes 102 Chap. 4. Of the Amazons of Africa Their Acts Rooted out by Hercules and the Gorgonians by Perseus The Atlantides and the Gods among them The Original of the Titanes The Acts of Basilea or Cybele said to be born in Phrygia The Original of Atlas and Saturn A long Account given of Bacchus and the several Bacchuses there were The Description of the Grota in Nysa where he was brought up The building of the Temple of Hammon by him The several Herculeses The Monsters Aegides and Campes kill'd by Minerva and Bacchus Page 110 BOOK IV. Chap. 1. WHat the Grecians say further of Bacchus The Story of Priapus Of Hermophroditus Of the Muses The Birth of Hercules and his Twelve Labours injoin'd him by Eurystheus His wandring Expeditions through Africk Spain France Italy Sicily His setting up two Pillars at Gades and his other Acts by the way The Story of Orpheus 127 Chap. 2. An Account of Atlas and his Daughters call'd Atlantides and Hesperides Amazons routed by Theseus in Attica The further Acts of Hercules goes against Laomedon King of Troy and other Acts. The Story of Meleager Son of King Oeneus Amalthae's Horn. Hercules his further Acts His Death by a poison'd Shirt 141 Chap. 3. Of the Argonauts Medea and the Daughters of Pileus How the Argonauts gain'd the Golden Fleece The Pranks of Medea The Acts of Jason The Cruelty of Pelias towards Jason's Kindred How he was kill'd by his Daughters through Medea's Charms Medea burns the King of Corinth's Palace
Atarne Zena rais'd by Philip. The King of Aegypt abdicates his Kingdom and flyes to Aethiopia 499 Chap. 10. Philip takes Olynthus and other Cities in the Hellespont The Athenians jealous of Philip and instigated by Demosthenes Philip's Policies The value of the Riches taken out of the Temple at Delphos Dionysius sent presents to Delphos and were taken by the Athenians His Letter to the Athenians The Temple burnt The end of the Phocian War The Punishments decreed by the Amphâ—tyons against the Phocians The Miseries of the Sacrilegers Timoleon sent to Syracuse 502 Chap. 11. Timoleons Expedition into Sicily The Carthaginians Army in Sicily Dionysius returns to Syracuse is beaten by Hircelas Hircelas gains Syracuse Timoleon's escape from Rhegium Timoleon routs Hircelas and gains Syracuse Philip invades the Illyrians Dionysius expell'd Timoleon makes good Laws Philip invades Thrace 508 Chap. 12. The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Preparations of the Carthaginians against Timoleon The remarkable Siege of Perinthus by Philip. Pexodorus expells his Brother Adam from the Principality in Cana. Byzantium suddenly besieg'd by Philip. 510 Chap. 13. The Athenians aid Byzantium Philip raises his Siege The Carthaginians transport Forces into Sicily The remarkable Victory of Timoleon over the Carthaginians The Acts of Timoleon in Sicily The Works of Hiero in Sicily 512 Chap. 14. Elata taken by Philip great Consternation in Athens for fear of Philip. The Boetians join with the Athenians through the Solicitation of Demosthenes Python a famous Orator The Battel at Cheronea between Philip and the Athenians Lycides the Athenian General put to death Philip rebuk'd by Demades made General of Greece Timoleon dyes 515 Chap. 15. Philip consults the Oracle at Delphos Philip Marries his Daughter Cleopatra to the King of Epirus Encourag'd to the Persian War by Neoptolemus his Verses Philip's Pride His Murder The Cause of it and how it was done and by whom 517 BOOK XVII Chap 1. COnspiracies of the Cities against Alexander The Athenians send Ambassadors to Alexander to beg Pardon He 's made General by the Amphictyons Attalus kill'd by Alexander's Command The Wickedness of of Bagoas Darius commended Raises Forces A Description of Mount Ida. Alexander invades the Illyrians and others Thebes besieg'd by Alexander and raz'd The Miseries of Thebes Prodigies Alexander demands Demosthenes and others to be deliver'd up to him by the Athenians their Answer He returns into Macedonia and Feasts his Soldiers 521 Chap. 2. Alexander lands his Army in Asia The Battel at Granicum The Forces of the Persians and of Alexander Alexander kills Spithrodates near being kill'd by Rosaces Miletus besieg'd and taken Ada Queen of Caria meets Alexander Halicarnassus Besieg'd Taken and Sack'd The strange Act of the Macedonians 528 Chap. 3. Mytelene taken by Memnon Darius his General his Successes He dyes Charidemus the Athenian unjustly put to Death by Darius Alexander falls sick recover'd by Philippus Alexander seizes Alexander of Lyncestas upon his Mother's Letters Alexander takes Issus The Memorable Battel at Issus where the Mother Wife two Daughters and Son of Darius were taken Alexander's noble carriage towards them Darius his Letters and Offers to Alexander Darius prepares another Army 533 Chap. 4. Alexander marches towards Aegypt Besieges Tyre Prodigies at Tyre The Tyrians bind Apollo with golden chains The Inventions of the Tyrians to defend themselves The advancement of Ballomynus a poor Man to be King of Tyre The Acts of Agis and Amyntas Amyntas kill'd and all his Soldiers Alexander takes Gaza by Storm presented by the Grecians 538 Chap. 5 Alexander makes a Journey to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon He 's presented by the Cyreneans The Description of the place about the Temple The wonderful Properties of the Fountain Solis The Building of Alexandria Alexander's Answer to Darius his Ambassadors Alexander passes over the River Tygris with great Hazard The Preparations on both sides for Battel The Persians routed at that famous Battel at Arbela 542 Chap. 6. The Grecians conspire to Revolt Memnon rebels in Thrace Antipater marches against him The Lacedemonians raise an Army are routed by Antipater and Agis their King kill'd 547 Chap. 7. Alexander comes to Babylon The wealth found there Views his Troops at Sitacana Enters Susa The Riches there Thence goes in the Country of the Uxians Marches towards Persepolis A Company of maim'd Greeks met Alexander His Bounty to them He takes Persepolis gives it up to the Plunder of the Soldiers The Riches of the Citadel of Persepolis Alexander his Feast at Persepolis Persepolis burnt at the Instigation of Thais Darius murder'd 548 Chap. 8. Bessus stirs up the Bactrians Alexander discharges the Greek Auxiliaries with Rewards The River Stidoetes He enters Hircania Its Richness Enters the Mardis Country Loses his brave Horse but is restor'd Thalestris the Amazon Queen meets him He falls into the Effeminacy of the Persians Enters Drangina A Plot against Alexander Philotas and others put to Death Marches against the Arimispi Subdues Arachosia 552 Chap. 9. Alexander marches against the Paromisades His troublesom March. Comes to Mount Caucasus A Battel in Area by Alexander's Officers against Satibarzanes who is kill'd in a single Combat by Erigyus Bessus brought to Alexander his Punishment Alexander kills some Barbarians unexpectedly after they had surrender'd their City He marches to the River Indus Mophis his remarkable delivery up of himself and his Army 556 Chap 10. Alexander overcomes Porus. How Apes are taken Strange Serpents for Venom Large Trees Marches against the Andrastians Catheri and against Sopithes The Custom of them under Sopithes Indian Dogs Entertain'd by Phigeus The Macedonians refuse to march against the Gandarides Alexander leaves Monuments behind him at the River Hyphasis Nicaea built and Bucephalis The Ibori present Alexander Routs the Agalasians In Danger in the River Indus by Whirlpools Marches against the Oxidracans and Mallians The King leaps off the Wall into the Town A Duel between Coragus and Dioxippus The Sambestae submit to Alexander and the Sodrans and Mastanians Subdues Musicanus Porticanus and Sambus Poison'd Weapons The King's Dream Comes into the Main Ocean Comes into Gedrosia The Savages of the People His Army near perishing in Gedrosia Comes into Carmania Punishes the Bormcial Goremours Nearchus returns Islands cover'd at High-Tides The strange Death of Calanus Alexander marrieth Statira Harpalus his Luxury He seizes with his own Hand them that mutiny'd 561 Chap. 11. Alexander mixes Twenty thousand Persian Darters with his Army-Marches from Susa Bagistames breeds abundance of Horses Hephestion dies at Ecbatana The Lamian War He invades the Cosscans Marches towards Babylon The Caldean Astrologers disswade him from coming thither He enters Babylon 569 Chap. 12. Ambassadors come to Alexander from all Parts He buries Hephestion with great State The Prodigies before Alexander's Death His Death Darius his Mother starves her self 570 BOOK XVIII Chap. 1. QUarrels about a Successor to Alexander Aridaus made King The Provinces divided amongst the Chief Commanders Matters contain'd in Alexander's Note-Books
by the Romans Polemon sent by Antigonus into Greece to set the Cities at liberty The Acts of Antigonus and Cassander Polemon's Acts in Greece for Antigonus Ptolemy goes against Cyrene and Cyprus then against Demetrius The Battel with Demetrius at Gaza Ptolemy takes Tyre The Acts of Antigonus his Commanders in Greece The Epirots make Alcetas King who is beaten by Lysiscus Cassander's General and he 's beaten again by the other Cassander goes against the Apolloniats Seleucus recovers Babylon with a small Army Demetrius routs Cilles Ptolemy's General Ptolemy returns to Egypt first wasts Samaria Gaza Joppa c. Athaneus sent against the Nabatheans by Antigonus The Customs of the Arabians Athaneus kill'd and most of his Men. Demetrius sent against them Description of the Asphaltes or Lake of Sodom Demetrius sent against Seleucus in Babylon The Wars between the Romans and Samnites in Italy The Acts of Agathocles in Sicily 641 Chap. 7. Cassander Ptolemy and Lysimachus make Peace with Antigonus Cassander murders Rhoxana and her Son The Governors take the Stile of Kings upon them The Carthaginians raise Forces against Agathocles Four thousand Geloans murder'd by Agathocles The Battel between Agathocles and Amilcar the Carthaginian at Himera Agathocles routed Several Cities revolt from Agathocles 654 BOOK XX. Chap. 1. AGathocles designs to invade Africa His Cruelty Pursu'd in his Voyage An Eclipse of the Sun very great Lands in Africa Burns his Ships His Successes in Africa Hanno and Bomilcar made Generals in Africa Battel between them and Agathocles who routs them Kills Hanno His Stratagem by Owls The cruel Superstition of the Carthaginians in sacrificing their Children The Actions at Syracuse Actions of Agathocles in Africa The Acts of Cassander in Macedonia Polysperchon seeks to restore Hercules Alexander's Son The miserable Destruction of Nichocles and his Family in Cyprus The Wars of Parysidas his Sons King of the Cimerean Bosphorus The Valour of Satyrus one of his Sons His Death The sad Death of Eumelus another Son Page 658 Chap. 2. The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and elsewhere Polysperchon murders Hercules Alexander's Son by Instigation of Cassander Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians His Head sent to Agathocles in Africa The things done in Sicily Archagathus Agathocles Son kills Lysiscus He and his Son in great Danger by the Army Affairs of Italy The Works of Appius Claudius The Appian way Ptolemy comes to Corinth His Acts there Cleopatra Alexander's Sister kill'd by the Governor of Sardis The further Acts of Agathocles in Africa Ophellas decoy'd and cut off by Agathocles Ophellas his troublesome March to Agathocles Lamia's Cruelty and Story of her Bomilcar seeks to be Prince of Carthage but is put to Death by the Citizens Agathocles sends the Spoils of the Cyrenians to Syracuse Most lost in a Storm Affairs in Italy 668 Chap. 3. Demetrius frees all the Grecian Cities takes the Pireum at Athens Demetrius Phalerius flies to Ptolemy Honours given to Demetrius in Athens He sails to Cyprus His Acts there Besieges Salamis His great Engines Ptolemy sails to Cyprus Sea-Fight between Ptolemy and Demetrius wherein Ptolemy is routed Antigonus takes the Title of King and the like several other Captains Agathocles his Acts at Utica in Africk Ty'd Prisoners to a great Engine The sorts of People in Africa Xenodocus routed in Sicily by Agathocles his Captains Agathocles his Acts in Sicily What was done by Archagathus in Africa Mascala inhabited by some Greeks that came from Troy Apes their Custom among the Pithecusae The Carthaginians draw out Thirty thousand Men out of Carthage Misfortunes to Agathocles his Captains in Africa The Army block'd up and almost starv'd Agathocles beats the Carthaginians at Sea near Syracuse His Captain Leptines Harrasses the Agrigentines Agathocles Feasts the Syracusians His jocund Temper His Cruelty Routed in Africa Carthaginian Camp burnt The Misfortune afterwards to both Armies by one Cause Agathocles in Chains by his own Men. Steals out of Africa The Soldiers kill his two Sons They make Peace with the Carthaginians Agathocles his exceeding Cruelty at Aegista and afterwards at Syracuse 676 Chap. 4. Antigonus his March into Aegypt A Tempest near Raphia where he lost some of his Ships He returns into Syria Dinocrates prevails in Sicily Agathocles is willing to resign his Government but Dinocrates stands off What was done in Italy Antigonus his War with the Rhodians Rhodes besieg'd by Demetrius Agathocles routs Dinocrates his great Army with a few Men. His Cruelty to those that submitted upon Terms where he But chers Seven thousand Dinocrates in favour with Agathocles and betrays all the Confederates What was done in Italy 688 Chap. 5. The Siege of Rhodes continu'd The Acts of the Sea-Captains of the Rhodians Peace made with the Rhodians The Acts of Agathocles in the Lipari Islands The Acts of Demetrius in Greece The War between the Tarentines and Lucanians The Acts of Cleonymus the Spartan Cassander sends to Antigonus to make Peace who refuses Lysimachus joins with Cassander and so does Ptolemy and Seleucus against Antigonus He marches against Lysimachus Demetrius's further Acts in Greece The Armies of Cassander and Demetrius Demetrius leaves Greece and goes with his Army to his Father in Asia after Peace made with Cassander The Misfortunes of Pleistarchus at Sea Ptolemy besieges Sidon but returns to Aegypt upon a false Report Seleucus marches from Babylon with a great Army Page 695 THE PREFACE ALL Mankind are under a great Obligation of Gratitude to those that have written Universal Histories forasmuch as there has been an honourable Contest amongst them by their Labours and Pains to be helpful to others in the due Conduct and Management of the common Affairs and Concerns of this present Life For whereas they usher in a sort of wholsom Instruction without any hazard to the Person so they thereby also procure to their Readers Art and Skill in Politicks above the ordinary Rate with great Ease and Security For Knowledge gain'd by Experience though it brings a Man to an Aptness to be quick in discerning what is most advisable in every particular case yet such Knowledge is attended with many Toyls and Hazards And thus he that was Ulysses the most experienc'd Man among the Heroes view'd many Cities and came well to understand and prie into the Minds and Tempers of Men yet it was with many Troubles and Misfortunes But Knowledge of what was well or ill done by others gain'd by History carries along with it Instructions freed from those Misfortunes that others have before experienc'd Besides these Historians have us'd their utmost Diligence to reduce all Men in their Consideration of them who are united and related one to another in the same common Nature and Original though far distant each from other as to Place and Time under one and the same Head and common Order as if they were Servants herein to the Divine Providence For as Providence having marshall'd the Stars visible to us in a most
of Victuals for being that the Land there bears Two Crops every Year once in the Winter about the time of Wheat-seeding among other Nations and the other about the time of the * Beginning of June Summer Solstice when Rice Bosporus Sesamus and Millet are us'd to be sown at both these times the Indians reap very plentifnl Harvests And if one Harvest happens to miss the other is sure to make amends for it Besides there are many Fruits which grow naturally of themselves and the Marishes afford for Mens Food abundance of Roots of a most sweet and delicious Taste For all the Fields almost of the whole Country are watered in Summer time with the sweet Waters of the overflowing Rivers and with the Rains from Heaven which fall constantly at certain times every Year in the Summer and the Roots in the Marishes especially of the Canes are perfectly boyl'd by the heat of the Sun There are Laws likewise in India which conduce much to the preventing of Famine among them Amongst other People by Devastations in time of War the Land lies untill'd but amongst the Indians Husbandmen as sacred are never toucht so that though the Armies fight and ingage even under their very Noses yet they are never in the least prejudic'd For though the Armies on both sides slaughter one another yet they never hurt the Husbandman as one who is a Servant for the common good and advantage of them all neither do they burn their Enemies Country or cut down their Trees or Plants Moreover in India are many great navigable Rivers which descend into the Rivers Ganges Plains from the Mountains in the Northern Parts where they have their Spring-heads and at length all meet together and fall into the River Ganges which is †Something above Three Mile Thirty Furlongs in breadth and takes its Course from the North to the South and so empties it self into the main Ocean passing by in its course the Nation of the Gandarides lying on the East where are bred Multitudes of most monstrous Elephants No Foreign King hitherto ever conquer'd that part of the Country all Strangers dreading the number and strength of those Creatures Even Alexander himself who conquer'd all Asia besides left only the Gandarides untoucht For when he came with his whole Army as far as to the River Ganges and had subdu'd all the Indians behind him as soon as he understood that the Gandarides had Four Thousand Elephants sitted and compleatly furnished for War he wholly desisted the further Prosecution of his Design against them Much like to the River Ganges is that call'd Indus which runs with a swift Course likewise from the North and falls into the Ocean and divides India from the rest of Asia and in Indus its Course through wide and spacious Plains takes in many Navigable Rivers amongst which the most famous are Hipanis Hydaspes and Arcesines There are many other Rivers also which pass through several Parts of India which inrich the Country with pleasant Gardens and all sorts of Fruits The Philosophers and Naturalists of this Country give this Reason why there P. 87. are so many Rivers and such plenty of Water in India They say that the adjacent Countries the Scythians Bactrians and Arianians lye higher than India whence from good reason they conclude that the Rains flowing down by degrees into the lower Countries so water them that they make many large Rivers But above all the other Rivers of India that they call Silla which springs from a Fountain of the same Name has a peculiar property For this only of all the others will not admit any thing thrown into it to swim but in a wonderful manner swallows up every thing and forceably draws it to the bottom Moreover India being of the largest Extent of all other by far is inhabited by many different Nations of whom none are Foreigners but all natural Inhabitants And they say that no Strangers ever planted amongst them nor they themselves ever sent forth any Colonies into other Countries and they tell Stories that anciently the Inhabitants fed only upon Herbs and Roots that grow in the Fields and cloath'd themselves with wild Beasts Skins as the Grecians did and that Arts and other things conducing to the well-being of Man's Life were found out by degrees Necessity pressing upon a Creature that was rational and ingenious and had likewise the further helps and advantages of Hands Speech and quickness of invention to find out ways to relieve himself Some of the Learnedst of the Indians have given an account of the Antiquity of their Country of which it is our part here to say something in short They say that in ancient Time when Men liv'd scatter'd and dispers'd here and there Bacchus with a great Army from the West overran all India which at that time had no considerable City in it able to make any resistance and that a Plague through the violent and parching heat destroying many of his Souldiers they say that prudent General drew his Army out of the Plains to the tops of the Mountains where by means of the cool Blasts of the refreshing Air and drinking of the Spring-Waters there at hand they were restor'd to their former Health and that the Place where his Army was thus recover'd was call'd the †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thigh hence the Grecians frame a Story of this God to this Day that Bacchus was bred in the * Jupiter's Thigh Thigh Afterwards they say he diligently imploy'd himself in sowing and planting divers Fruit-Trees and imparted the Art to the Indians and found out the use of Wine and other things conducing to the comfort of Man's Life He built likewise stately Cities and remov'd the Villages to more commodious Situations and instituted the manner of Divine Worship and made Laws and set up Courts of Justice and at last for the many excellent Inventions imparted to the Indians he was esteem'd as a God and obtain'd immortal Honours They report that he had a Regiment of Women in his Army and that in the heat of Battel he made use of Timbrels and Cymbals the Trumpet being not at that time found out And that after he had reign'd over all India for the space of Two and Fifty Years he dy'd of extream old Age leaving the Kingdom to his Sons who injoy'd it and their Posterity after them successively till many Ages after the Regal Authority was abrogated and the Cities were govern'd by a Democrasy These are the things related of Bacchus and his Posterity by the Inhabitants of the Mountainous parts of India They say moreover that Hercules was born amongst them and like the Greeks furnish him with a Club and a Lion's Skin and for Strength and Courage that he excell'd all other Men and clear'd both Sea and Land of Monsters and Wild Beasts That of many Wives he begat many Sons but one only Daughter Among P. 88. these Sons when they were
taught the Grecians to pronounce them and gave them their several Names and form'd their distinct Characters Hence these Letters are all generally call'd Phoenician Letters because they were brought over out of Phoenicia into Greece but they were afterwards call'd Pelasgian Characters because the Pelasgians were the first that understood them after they were brought over He says that this Linus being an excellent Poet and Musician had many Scholars amongst whom there were three that were the most famous Hercules Themyris and Orpheus Hercules learnt to play upon the Harp but was very dull and unapt to learn insomuch as he was sometimes box'd and beaten at which he was at length so inrag'd that he kill'd his Master by a Blow with his Harp Themyris was very ingenions and gave himself wholly to Musick and grew so eminent therein that he would boast he could sing more sweetly and melodiously than the Muses themselves at which the Goddesses were so inrag'd that they both depriv'd him of his Art and struck him blind besides as Homer affirms in these Verses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Themyris then by th' Muses was envy'd And of his Art the Thracian they depriv'd And then again 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Th' inraged Goddesses then struck him blind That th' way to Sing or Play he could not find Of Orpheus the last of his Scholars we shall speak particularly when we come to what concerns him This Linus they say writ in * Phenician Pelasgian Letters the Acts of the first Bacchus and left other Stories in his Writings behind him Orpheus likewise it 's said us'd the same Characters and Pronapides Homer's Master an ingenious Musician Thymaetes also the Son of Thymaetus the Son of Leomedon who liv'd in the time of Orpheus and travell'd through many Parts of the World as far as to the Western Parts of Lybia to the very Ocean This Thymaetes visited likewise they say Nysa the Place where Bacchus was brought up as is reported by the Ancient Inhabitants where being instructed by the Nysians he wrote a Poesy call'd Phrygia of the particular Actions of this God in very old Language and Character P. 141. Amongst other things he says that Ammon a King reigning in some Part of Lybia marry'd Rhea the Daughter of Coelus Sister of Saturn and the other Titans and that when he came first to the Kingdom he met with a beautiful Virgin call'd Amalthea upon the * In Asia near the Caspian sea Ceraunean Mountains and falling in Love with her begat a Son of her who was afterwards famous and admirable both for Strength and Comeliness of Person afterwards he made Amalthea Queen of the neighbouring Nations which in its Situation being in shape of an Ox's Horn was therefore call'd the Western Horn and that the Soyl is so very rich that it abounds with Vines and all other sorts of Fruit-trees Being possess'd of this Country she call'd it after her own Name Amalthea's Horn. And therefore Posterity call every rich Piece of Land that abounds with Fruit-trees Amalthea's Horn. But Ammon fearing the rageful Jealousy of Rhea conceal'd his Adultery and privately sent away the Child afar off to the City Nysa which lyes in an Island almost inaccessible surrounded with the River Triton into which there is but one The Description of Nysa and the Grâ—ta strait and narrow Entrance call'd the Nysian Gates The Land there is very rich abounding with pleasant Meadows Gardens and Orchards water'd on every side with refreshing Streams wherein grow all sorts of Fruit-trees and Vines which grow of themselves for the most part running up upon the sides of Trees A gentle cooling and refreshing Wind pierces through the whole Island which makes the Place exceeding healthful so that the Inhabitants live much longer here than any others in the neighbouring Countries The first Entrance into the Island runs up in a long Vale shaded all along with high and lofty Trees so thick that only a dim and glimmering light passes through but the Fiery Beams of the Sun enter not in the least to offend the Passenger In passing along drill many Sweet and Christal Springs so that the Place is most pleasant and delightful to them that have a desire there to divert themselves When you are out of this Vale a pleasant and very large Grota of a round Form presents it self arch'd over with an exceeding high Craggy Rock bespangled with Stones of divers resplendent Colours for being exchequer'd some sparkl'd with Purple Rays some with Azure and others darted forth their refulgent Beauty in divers other Colours no Colour being ever known but it might be seen there At the Entrance grew Trees of a strange and wonderful Nature some bearing Fruit others always green and flourishing as if they had been created only by Nature to delight the sight In these nested all sorts of Birds whose Colour and pleasant Notes even ravisht the Senses with sweet delight So that all the Place round imparted a sort of Divine Pleasure not only to the Eye but the Ear the sweetness of Natural Notes far excelling the Artificial Harmony of all other Musick whatsoever Passing through this appears a large and spacious Grota in every part inlightned by the bright Rays of the Sun Here grow various sorts of Flowers and Plants especially Cassia and others that perpetually preserve their sweet Odours in their natural Strength Here are to be seen the many pleasant Apartments of the Nymphs compos'd of various Flowers planted in that order by wise Nature's Hands and not by Man's Art fit to receive even the Gods themselves Within all this pleasant Round is not a Flower or Leaf to be seen wither'd or in the least decay'd so that the Spectators are not only delighted with the sight but even transported with the Pleasures P. 142. of the fragrant Smells and sweet Odours of the Place To this Cave the Child was brought by Ammon and committed to the care of Nysa one of the Sisters of Aristeus to be brought up but ordered Aristeus himself to be his Tutor who was a Prudent Honest and very Learned Man And that the Child might be the beteer secur'd against the mischievous Contrivances of his Stepmother Rhea to these was joyn'd Minerva to be his Guardian whom the River Triton they say brought forth a little before these Times and therefore from thence she was call'd * Or Tritoangenes because she first appear'd in a Virgins Habit at the River Triton Tritonides They report that this Goddess liv'd a Virgin all her Days and that being likewise endu'd with extraordinary Wisdom she found out many Arts and Sciences and that her strength of Body and Manly Courage was such that she imploy'd her self in feats of Arms and went out to the Wars Amongst her other Actions this was one remarkable that she kill'd Aegides a terrible Monster before esteem'd invincible It was the Birth of †The Earth
amorous Pang of Love as with other Women but meerly for Procreation sake And therefore willing that his Embraces at this time should be lawful he forbore all Violence and knowing that the Woman's Chastity was such that no Arguments would prevail with her he deceiv'd her by taking upon him the Shape of Amphitryo And now the Time of her Delivery drew nigh when Jupiter full of thoughts concerning the Birth of Hercules in the presence of all the Gods declar'd that he would make him King of the Persians who was to be born that P. 152. that day Whereupon Juno inrag'd with Jealousie with the assistance of * Ilithyia a Goddess assistant to them in Travel Ilithyia her Daughter gave a Check to the delivery of Alcmenes and brought forth Eurystheus before his full time But though Jupiter was thus outwitted by Juno yet that he might perform his Promise he took care to preserve the Honour and Reputation of Hercules And therefore it s reported that he prevail'd with Juno to consent that Eurystheus being made King according to his Promise Hercules who should be subject to him performing Twelve Labours such as Euristheus should impose upon him should be taken into the Society of the Immortal Gods Alcmenes being deliver'd out of fear of Juno's Jealousie expos'd the Child in a place which is now from him call'd Hercules's his Field About which time Minerva together with Juno walking Abroad found the Infant and much admiring his Beauty Minerva persuaded Juno to give it suck The Child drawing the Breast with more violence than at his Age was usual Juno not able to indure the pain cast away the Infant whom Minerva took up and brought Home to his Mother to be nurs'd by her The Accident here seems very strange and remarkable For the Mother who ow'd a natural Affection to her own Child expos'd him to Destruction but she who hated him as a Stepmother unknowingly preserv'd her natural Enemy Afterwards Juno sent two * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Two Dragons Serpents to devour the Child But he took them with both his Hands by their Throats and strangl'd them Upon which account the Argives coming to understand what was done call'd him Hercules * Hercules signifies the Glory of Juno who is call'd in Greek Hera because Juno was the Occasion of his Glory and Fame for he was before call'd Alcaeus Others are nam'd by their Parents but he gain'd his Name by his Valour In After-times it happen'd that Amphitrio being banish'd from Tyrinthe settl'd himself in Thebes here Hercules was educated here he was instructed and greatly improv'd in all laudable Exercises in so much as he excell'd all others in Strength of Body and also in the excellent Endowments of his Mind Being now grown up to Man's Estate he first freed Thebes from tyrannical Slavery and thereby made a grateful Return to the Country where he was bred The Thebans at that time were under the Tyranny of Erginus King of the * A People of Thessaly Menyans who every year exacted Tribute from them not without Scorn and Contempt Hercules therefore not at all discourag'd with the Greatness of the Bondage they labour'd under attempted a glorious Piece of Service For when those who were sent from the Menyae to collect the Tribute carry'd it * insolently 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 towards the People he cut off their Ears and cast them out of the City whereupon Erginus demanded the Delivery up of the Malefactor and Creon the Prince of Thebes dreading the Potency of Erginus resolv'd to deliver him up But Hercules stirr'd up the young Men of the City to arm themselves in order to recover the Liberty of their Country and to that end took away all the Arms that were in the Temples formerly dedicated to the Gods by their Ancestors of the Spoyls of their Enemies For none of the Citizens had any Arms of their own by Reason the Menyans had disarm'd the City so that the Thebans had not the least Thought of a Revolt Intelligence being brought that Erginus with an Army approach'd the City Hercules set upon him in a strait Passage where a Multitude was of little Use and kill'd Erginus and cut off almost his whole Army He fell likewise suddainly upon the City of the Orchomenians entring unexpectedly and burnt the Palace of the Menyae and raz'd the City to the Ground The Fame of this notable Exploit was presently nois'd over all Greece while such a suddain and unexpected Atchievement was the Subject of every Man's Admiration and Creon the King wonderfully taken with the Valour of the young Man gave him his Daughter Megaera to Wife and committed to him the Care and Charge of the City as if he had been his own Son But Euristheus King of Argos jealous of Hercules his growing Greatness sent P. 15◠for him to perform the Labours he was to impose upon him which he refusing Jupiter commanded him to obey King Euristheus whereupon Hercules went to Delphos and inquir'd of the Oracle concerning this Matter who answer'd him That it was the Pleasure of the Gods that he should perform twelve Labours at the Command of Euristheus and that when he had finish'd them he should receive the Reward of Immortality Hereupon Hercules became exceeding sad and melancholy for he judg'd it very much below him to be at the Beck of his inferior and to disobey his Father Jupiter a second time he concluded was both unprofitable and impossible While he was in this Perplexity Juno struck him with Madness being therefore through the Discomposure of his Mind become distracted and by the Growth of his Distemper altogether a mad Man he design'd to murder Iolaus who saving himself by Flight he fell upon his own Children by Megara who were next in his Way and struck them through with his Darts as if they had been his Enemies As soon as he came again to himself and understood his Error he almost sunk under the Weight of his Misery being pity'd by every Body and shut up himself in his own House a long time from the Converse and Society of Men. At length Time moderating his Grief resolving to undergo all the Difficulties that were enjoyn'd him he went to Euristheus who in the first place commanded Hercules his 12 Labours 1. The Nemean Lyon him to kill the Lyon in the Forest of * This Forest was in Achaia Nemea which was of a monstrous Bigness not to be pierc'd or wounded by Sword Spear or Stones and therefore not to be dealt with but by meer Force and Strength of Hand His Walks were commonly between Mycenas and Nemea near the Mountain from what happen'd to it call'd †Tretos bor'd through Tretos For at the Foot of this Hill there was a Den in which this Monster us'd to lurk Hercules here meeting with him lay'd hold on him whereupon the Beast beginning to fly to his Den he resolutely pursu'd him having before stop'd
of Fifty Sons all which being call'd by the general Name of Thespiadae in obedience to the Oracle when they were grown up he ordered them to be sent away to plant a Colony in P. â—04 Sardinia and because Iolaus was Admiral of his whole Fleet and his Companion in all his Expeditions he committed the care of the Colony of these Thespians to him But Two of the Fifty remain'd in Thebes whose Posterity they say continue there in great Honour and Esteem at this Day and Seven more whom they call * De 〈…〉 i 〈◊〉 of the People Peâ—uchi resided in the City Thespis whose Posterity they say were the principal Men of the City within the time of Man's Memory All the rest and whosoever else would go along with them Iolaus transported into Sardinia and having overcome the Inhabitants in Battel the pleasantest part of the Island and that which was most Champain he divided by Lot which at this day is call'd Iolacion And he so improv'd the Island and planted it with Fruit-Trees that it became afterwards a Bone of Contention For from that time it grew so Famous for the Riches and Fruitfulness of the Soyl that the Carthaginiaus growing Rich and Powerful so coveted this Island that they fought many Battles to gain it of which we shall speak hereafter in its proper Place After Iolaus had setled his Colony he sent for Daedalus out of Sicily and imploy'd him in building many stately Structures which remain to this Day and from the name of the Architect are call'd †Daedalâ—a Daedalus his Works He built likewise stately and sumptuous Publick Schools for all manner of Exercises and Courts of Justice with many other such Works conducing to the happiness and well-being of Man's Life He call'd also the Inhabitants Iolacians after his own Name the Thespiade allowing him that honour as their Father For upon the Account of his faithful Service to them they so loved him that they call'd him Father Whence it came to pass in After-times that they who sacrifi'd to this God call Iolaus Father as the Persians did Cyrus Afterwards Iolaus return'd into Greece and arriv'd at Sieily were he staid a considerable time About that time some of his Fellow-Travellers taken with the pleasantness of the Island th 〈…〉 e seated themselves and being mixt among the Siâ—ani they continu'd there and are in great esteem with the Inhabitants But Iolaus is especially honour'd to whom for the general good he did in many Cities Temples and Groves are built and Divine Worship instituted as to a Demy-God This Colony is 〈◊〉 upon the account of a remarkable Circumstance for the Oracle commanded that all Persons of this Colony should be Freemen and that their Posterity for ever should so continue which Freedom is effectually injoy'd at this very day For many Barbarians being mixt with this Colony in process of time the whole Colony became Barbarous and removing themselves to the Mountains inhabited in Places inaccessible where being us'd to Flesh and Milk having many Herds and Hocks of Cattel they never made use of Bread-Co 〈…〉 and being that they live in Caves under Ground they have easily avoided the Miseries of War and therefore though both the Carthaginians and Romans have often attempted to subdue them by force of Arms yet all has been in vain But let this now suffice that has been said concerning Iolaus and the Thespiadae and their Colony in Sardinia Hercules having now finish'd all his Labours gave his Wife Megara to Iolaus P. 165. suspecting that to have Issue by her would be unfortunate by reason of the miserable Disaster that befel his former Children and for this Reason he sought after another Wife less to be suspected by whom he might have more Children In order whereunto he desir'd Iole the Daughter of Eurytus Prince of Oechaliae in Marriage But Eurytus Iole the Daughter of Eurytus refus'd to be given to Hercules in Marriage fearing the Misfortune of Megara told him he would consider of it Hercules looking upon this as a Denial to revenge himself for the Dishonour put upon him drave away Eurytus his Horses But Iphitus the Son of Eurythus suspecting how the matter was came to Tirynthus to seek them where Hercules brought him up to the Top of an high Turret and bid him look round about to see whether he could spy the Horses pasturing in any Place Iphitus not discerning any of them Hercules complain'd he had falsly accused him of Theft and thereupon threw him down headlong from the Top of the Tower For which wicked Fact being punished with a grievous Disease he went to Neleus at Pylus and intreated him to expiate his Offence Whereupon Neleus consulted concerning this matter with his Sons who all declar'd except Nestor the Youngest that no expiation ought to be allowed Then he went to Deiophobus the Son of Hippolytus and desired him to expiate him But sinding still no Remedy for his Disease he consulted at the Oracle of Apollo what he should do to be cured who answer'd him that he should be easily freed from his Distemper if he were sold for a valuable Price and the Mony given to Iphitus his Children In obedience therefore to the Oracle forc'd through the violence of the Distemper with some Friends he pass'd over into Asia and there suffer'd one of his Servants to sell him And sold he was as a Slave to Omphala the Daughter of Jardanus and Queen of the Maeones for so the Lydians were formerly call'd and the Seller gave the Price to the Children of Iphitus according to the command of the Oracle Hercules hereupon being recover'd of his Distemper diligently serv'd Omphala and clear'd the Land of Robbers that infested it for some of the Thieves call'd Cercopes who had done abundance of mischief he Kill'd others he brought bouâ—d before the Queen He Kill'd also Sileus with a Spade who forc'd all Strangers that came thither to work in the Vineyards He recover'd likewise the Spoils by force of Arms from the Itones that wasted a great part of the Kingdom with their Depredations and took and raz'd their City to the Ground from whence they made all their Excursions Omphales admiring the Valour and noble Exploits of the Man after she came to understand who he was and from whence descended not only Manumitted him but Marry'd him by whom she had Lamon He had a Son likewise before call'd Cleolaus begotten in the time of his servitude of one of his Fellow Servants Returning afterwards into Peloponesus he led an Army against Laomedon King of Troy for some Injuries receiv'd from him For he had deny'd to deliver the Horses he had promis'd him for the Killing of the Whale at the time that he accompany'd Jason by force of Arms to bring away the Golden Fleece of which we shall presently treat particularly in the History of the Argonauts But being at that time prevented from revenging himself by reason of the
Expedition wherein he was ingag'd with Jason he pickt out a fit opportunity afterwards and sail'd as some say with Eightheen Ships against Troy but as Homer says with Six only in the whole who introduces Tlepolimus in these Words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Hercules my Father as is said The Lions strong in Valour did exceed That only with Six Ships and Slender Force For Laomedon's Horses took his Course And then Besieg'd and took the City Troy And many of her People did destroy Hercules therefore when he arriv'd in the Country of Troas marcht straight with a Valiant Number of Men to Troy but left Oiclcus the Admiral the Son of Amphiaraus with the Fleet to be ready to assist him as occasion serv'd In the mean time Laomedon being surpriz'd by the suddain advance of the Enemy in a great hurry raised as many Forces as the shortness of the time would admit him to do and led them against the Fleet hoping by burning of it to put a speedy end to the War Oicleus the Admiral met the Enemy and was kill'd at the first Onset P. 166. the rest being forc'd to their Ships stood off to Sea Laomedon then return'd and Fought with Hercules and he and most of his Men were cut off Hereupon Hercules presently took the City by Storm and put many of the Inhabitants that oppos'd him to the Sword but advanc'd Priam for his Justice to his Father's Throne He was the only Son of Laomedon that disapprov'd what his Father did and advis'd that the Horses should be deliver'd to Hercules according to the Contract Hercules to crown Telamon's Valour with an honourable Reward gave him Hesione the Daughter of Laomedon to Wife For he was the first that in this Storm made his Way into the City at the very strongest part of the Castle Wall where Hercules himself made the Assault After his Return into Peloponesus he made War upon Augeas for defranding him of his promis'd Reward but after a Battel fought with the Eleans without effecting any thing further at that time he return'd to Olenus who had before entertain'd him as his Guest whose Daughter Hippolyte was at that time just Marry'd to Axanus Hercules being then there kill'd Eurytion the Centaur for offering Violence to Hippolyte at the time of her Marriage Being return'd to Tirynthe Eurystheus mov'd upon some Suspicion of Treason or other Banish'd him with his Mother Alcmena and likewise Ephicle and Iolaus out of the Kingdom Being thus forc'd away he resided at Pheneus in Arcadia Where he heard that the Sacreds of Neptune in a Solemn Procession were sent to the Istmos under the Conduct of Eurytus the Son of Augeas Whereupon he hasted away and set upon Eurytus on the suddain near to Cleone where Hercules's Temple now stands and kill'd him Afterwards entring the Country of Elis with a Potent Army he kill'd also King Augeas and took the City by Storm and recall'd Phyleus into his Country and gave up the City together with the Kingdom into his Hands For he was banish'd by his Father for ordering the Reward to be given to Hercules being chosen an Arbitrator between them Afterwards it happened that Tyndarus was banish'd from Sparta by Hippocoon whose Sons likewise being Twenty in number had kill'd Hyionus the Son of Lycimnius Hercules his Special Friend Hercules understanding what they had done made War upon them and in a great Battel routing them slew Multitudes of them and took Sparta by Storm and restor'd Tyndarus the Father of the * Castor and Pollux Dioscuri to the Kingdom upon this Condition that in as much as he had gain'd it by Conquest he should keep it and hereafter deliver it up intire to his Posterity In this Battel there were very few kill'd on Hercules his side amongst whom were those Famous Men Iphiclus and Seventeen Sons of Cepheus for of Twenty Three only escap'd On the other side there fell Hippocoon himself with Ten of his Sons and a great number of the Spartans After this Battel he return'd into Arcadia and resorted to King Aleos whose Daughter Augeas by stealth lay with and got with Child and then went to Stymphalus Aleos being ignorant of what was done afterwards discover'd the matter by the swelling of his Daughter's Belly and thereupon askt her who was the Father who answer'd she was forc'd by Hercules Her Father not giving any credit to what she said deliver'd her to a Nauphan whom he consided in and order'd him to drown her Auge being carry'd away for †Nauphalia a City in Argos Nauphalia in her Voyage fell in labour near the Mountain Parthenius and turn'd aside into a Wood near adjoining under colour of discharging the necessities of nature and there was deliver'd of a Son which she left hid among the Shrubs Then she went away with the Nauplian and came at length to Nauplia a Port in the Territory of Argos and so was unexpectedly P. 167. preserv'd For the Nauplian was not willing to drown her as the King had commanded but gave her to certain Strangers of Caria who were then setting Sail for Asia who took her away and sold her to Teathras King of Mysia In the mean time the Child that was left in Mount Parthenius was found sucking of an Hind by some Shepherds belonging to King Corythus who brought it to their Master Corythus willingly receiv'd it and educated and brought it up as his own Son and nam'd him Telephus from the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elaphos is a Hind in Greek Hind that suckl'd him When he was grown up to Mans Estate he went to the Oracle at Delphos to inquire who was his Mother where he was answer'd that he must repair to Teuthras King of Mysia Having found out his Mother and it being now known who was his Father he was in high Esteem and Reputation so that Teuthras who had no Heir Male marry'd him to his Daughter Argiope and adopted him his Heir and Successor to the Kingdom In the mean time Hercules the Fifth Year after his Banishment into Pheneus being exceedingly griev'd for the Deaths of Hyionus the Son of Lycimnius and of his Brother Iphiclus wholly abandon'd Arcadia and Peloponesus and being accompany'd with Multitudes of the Arcadians went to Calydon a City of Aetolia And having now neither Wife nor lawful Issue he marry'd Deianira the Daughter of Oenâ—us Meleeager being then dead And here it will not be amiss to make a small Digression and declare what hapned to Meleager Oencus upon a great Plenty of Corn in Gratitude sacrific'd to all the Gods but Meleager only Diana At which the Goddess being inrag'd sent among them that so fam'd and mighty Calydonian Boar which wasted and spoyl'd all the Neighbouring Region and kill'd and destroy'd most of their Cattle Meleager the Son of Oeneus being then in the Flower
of his Age and full Strength and not inferiour to any for Valour associated himself with many other Gallants to hunt this Boar. He being the first that wounded the Beast with his Dart by the general Consent of all carry'd away the Spoyl and Honour of the day which was the Boar's Skin Atalanta the Daughter of Echeneus was one of his Associates in this Hunting and therefore Meleager being much in Love with her presented her with the Skin attributing to her the Glory of the Action But the Sons of Thestius his Fellow-hunters took it most hainously that a Stranger should be preferr'd before them and no regard be had to the Nearness of Kindred that was between them and Meleager To defeat her therefore of Meleager's Gift they lay in wait for her and fell upon her in her return to Arcadia and took away the Skin by Force But Meleager for the Love he bore to Atalanta being much troubled at the Affront and Disgrace offer'd her took upon him the Defence of her Cause and at first advis'd the Aggressors to restore what they had violently taken away But when he could not prevail he slew them They were the Brothers of Althea his Mother who so immoderately griev'd for their Deaths that she pour'd out most heavy Curses against her Son and wish'd the Gods would cut him off who heard her Prayer and kill'd him Some there be that feign that when Meleager was Ovid. 8. Meta. born the Destinies appear'd to Althea in her Dream and foretold that Meleager her Son should dye when a Brand that was then in the Fire should be consum'd His Mother therereupon conceiving the Life of her Son depended upon the Preservation of the Firebrand laid it up very carefully But being incens'd at the Death of her Brothers she threw it into the Fire and so hastned her Sons Death But afterwards repenting and grievously afflicted for what she had done * Ovid says she stab'd her self she hang'd her self In the mean time Hipponous in †Clenum a City in Achaia Olenum being incens'd at his Daughter Peribaea because she said she was with Child by Mars sent her to Oeneus in P. 168. Aetolia and desir'd him that he would forthwith put her to Death But he having lately lost both his Son and his Wife would not kill the Lady but marry'd her and begat of her Tydeus But let this suffice concerning Meleager Althea and Oeneus Hercules to gain the Favour of the Calydonians diverted the River * Vid. Ovid. Vid. Strabo It had two Mouths representing two Horns one of which was dam'd up by Hercules the Stream roars like a wild Bull. Achelous into another Channel which he cut for it and by that means water'd a great Part of the Country and made it exceeding fruitful which gave Occasion to the Poetical Fables that Hercules fought with †The Son of Oceanus and Terra fought with Hercules for Deianira the Daughter of Oeneus and finding himself too weak transform'd himself into a Bull. Vid. Ovid and Strabo Achelous transform'd into the Shape of a Bull and in the Conflict cut off one of his Horns and gave it to the Aetolians This they call Amalthea's Horn in which the Poets feign grow all manner of Summer-fruit as Grapes Apples and such like By the Horn they darkly signify the new Course of the River Achelous bending like a Horn through the other Channel By the Apples Pomegranates and Grapes they denote the Fruitfulness of the Soyl water'd by the River and the Plenty of fruitful Plants By terming it * Amalt 〈…〉 Horn they signify'd the Strength of him that cut the Ditch Afterwards Hercules assisted the Calydonians in the War against the Thesâ—rot and took the City Ephyra by Storm and slew their King Phileus and lying with his Daughter who was his Prisoner on her he begat Tlepolemus The Third Year after his Marriage to Deianira Eurynomus the Son of Architelus then a young Boy serving Oeneus at Table Hercules for some small Mistake in his Attendance gave him such a Box on the Ear that much against his Will he kill'd the poor Boy for which Misfortune he was so griev'd that with his Wife Deianira and Hyllus his Son by her who was then a young Child he voluntarily banish'd himself out of Calydonia In his Journey when he came to the Banks of the River Euenus he found Nessus the Centaur who carry'd People over the Ford for Hire Deianira being the first that he carry'd over the Centaur fell in Love with her for her Beauty and attempted to ravish her whereupon she cry'd out for Help to her Husband who presently shot him through the Body with an Arrow The Centaur through the Grievousness of his Wound dy'd in the very Act of his Rape only had time to teil her that for the great Love he bore her he would teach her a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Receipt for the procuring of Love by Force whereof Hercules should never after be familiar with any other Woman besides her self and that was that she should anoint Hercules his under Garment with the Blood that issu'd from his Wound mixt together with Oyl and some of his Seed that fell from him and having thus said he immediatly breath'd out his last Deianira observ'd what Directions he had given her and mixing the Seed of Nessus with his Blood which dropt from the Arrow kept it privately in a little Box for Hercules Hercules having pass'd the River went to Ceyces King of Trachinia and dwelt with him as a Stranger ever accompany'd with the Arcadians as his Fellow-soldiers and Associates After these things Philas King of the Dryopi being accus'd for some Act of Impiety against the Temple of Delphos Hercules with the Assistance of the Melienses took up Arms against him and both kill'd him and cast the Dryopi out of their ancient Habitations and gave their Country to the Melienses On his Captive the Daughter of Philas he begat Antiochus Besides Hyllus he had afterwards other Children by Deianira Gryneus or Gleneus and Hodites Some of the Dryopi that were driven out of their Country passed over to Eubaea and there built the City Carystus Others of them sayl'd into the Island Cyprus and gain'd new Seats and became one People with the Inhabitants the rest fled to Eurystheus who in P. 169. Hatred of Hercules receiv'd them into his Protection and they with his Assistance built three Cities in Peloponesus Asine Hermione and Eione After the Expulsion of the Dryopi a War broke forth between the Doreans which inhabited Hestiaetes in the Reign of Aegimius and the Lapithae the Inhabitants of Mount Olympus whose King was Coronus the Son of Phoroneus But the Lapithae being much stronger than the other the Doreans crav'd the Assistance of Hercules and promis'd him the third Part of the Kingdom upon which Terms they prevail'd with him to joyn with them as their Confederate With their joint Forces
therefore they set upon the Enemy and Hercules by the Valour of the Arcadians whom he ever had with him as his Assistants routed them and slew the King himself and cutting off Multitudes of the Enemy forc'd the Lapithae out of the Territory which they contested for This being thus effected he gave up the third Part of the Country promis'd him to Aeginius to be kept by him in Trust in Order to be restor'd to Hercules his Posterity In his return to Trachinia he kill'd Cygnus the Son of Mars who challeng'd him to a Duel And as he passed through the Country of the Pelasgi from Itonus he met with King Hormenius and demanded his Daughter Astydamia in Marriage but because Deianira was his lawful Wife before he refus'd to give his Consent Upon which he made War upon him and both took the City and kill'd the King and so possessing himself of Astydamia by Force of Arms begat of her Câ—esippus Afterwards he made a second Expedition against the Sons of Eurytus for denying to give him Iole in Marriage And by the Help of the Arcadians took the City and slew Toxeus Molion and Pytius the Sons of Eurytus and carrying away Iole made to the Promontory Cenaeus in * Now N 〈…〉 poâ—t Eubaea where he appointed a solemn Sacrifice and sent Lichas his Servant to Trachine to his Wife Deianira with Orders to wish her to send him his Coat and Shirt he us'd to wear when he sacrific'd to the Gods Deianira being inform by Lichas of her Husband's Love to Iole and how he had a greater Love and Kindness for her than her self anointed the Coat and Shirt with the destructive Receipt given her by the Centaur which Lichas ignorant of the Matter carry'd to the Sacrifice But as soon as Hercules put on the Garment the Infection and Venom of the Receipt began by little and little to work which put him at last upon the Rack in most miserable Torment For the Poyson of the Arrow like a stinging Viper overspread the Garment and by its scorching Heat even eat up the Flesh of his whole Body Hercules being thus intolerably tormented forthwith kill'd his Servant Lichas and then dismiss'd his Army and return'd to Trachinia But his Torment more and more increasing he sent Lioymnion and Iolus to Delphos to inquire of Apollo how he might be â—â—'d Deianira amaz'd at the Extremity of her Husband's Misery and conscious of what she had done hang'd her self The Answer of the Oracle was That with a warlike Train they should carry Hercules away to Oâ—â—a and there raise up for him a great Pile of Wood and Jupiter would take great Care of the rest Iolus hereupon and those with him perform'd what was commanded suspecting what the Issue was like to be Hereupon Hercules despairing of his Recovery mounted the Pile and earnestly desir'd those present to set it on Fire When none would do it at length Philocletes observ'd his Order and put Fire under the Pile and for P. 1â—â— a Reward Hercules gave him his Bow and Arrows hereupon the Pile was presently on a Flame not only by the Fire but with Thunder and Lightning from Heaven and all was in an instant reduc'd to Ashes Iolus afterwards seeking for his Bones could find none at all whence arose an Opinion that Hercules as the Oracle had foretold was translated from Men to the Gods Iolus and the rest having therefore sacrific'd to him as a Demy-God and rais'd up a great Monument in Remembrance of him return'd to Trachinia Afterwards Menâ—alus the Son of Actor Hercules his special Friend instituted that in Opuntus there should be offer'd up to him every Year as to a Demy-God a Bull a Boar and a Goat The Thebans did the same and the Athenians were the first that offer'd Sacrifices to him as a God and their pious Example first induc'd all the Grecians and afterwards all other Nations as such to worship him To what we have said we must further add this that after his Translation to the Gods Jupiter persuaded Juno to adopt Hercules for her Son and ever after she bore towards him a Motherly Affection And they report that this Adoption was brought about in this manner Juno being gone to Bed and Hercules layd close to her Body she dropt down from under her Cloaths to the Ground which Rite and Ceremony the Barbarians use in adopting of a Son to this day They feign that afterwards Juno marry'd him to * The Goddess of Youth Daughter of Juno and Cupbearer to Jupiter At a Feast her Foot slipp'd and she shew'd all and was displac'd and Ganymed put in her room Servius She reâ—or'd Iolaus to his Youth See â—vid 9. Met. Hebe and in the Story of the Dead the Poet introduces his Ghost in these Words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Among the Gods he feasts with Hymns And in fair Hebe joys and sings But they report that when Jupiter would have him to be one of the * Amongst the Heathen there were Twelve Chief Gods Ovid calls them Deos Nobiles They enjoy'd Heaven by natural Right Juno Vesta Minerva â—eres Diana Venus Mars Mercury Jove Neptunus Vulcanus Apolio Goodw. Antiq. 36. Lib. 2. Sect. 1. Twelve Gods Hercules refus'd that Honour for that it was impossible for him to be taken into the Number unless one of the Twelve were rejected and it was an unseemly thing to accept such an Honour with the Disgrace of another God Altho' we have been long in our Relation concerning HERCVLES yet to make amends we have not omitted any thing material that is reported of him And now it 's time that we treat of the Argonauts for Hercules went with them in that Expedition CHAP. III. Of the Argonauts Medea and the Daughter of Pileus How the Argonauts gain'd the Golden Fleece The Pranks of Medea The Acts of Jason The Cruelty of Pelias towards Jason's Kindred how he was kill'd by his own Daughters through Medea's Charms Medea burns the King of Corinth's Palace and him in it The miserable End of Jason Of the Heraclidae and their Return to Peloponesus JASON they say was Son of Aeson and Nephew to Pelius King of Thessaly And being a Man of strong Body and of an high Spirit far above any of his Age was ambitious to perform some memorable and remarkable Action for knowing that Perseus his Ancestor and some This Expedition of the Argonauts was An. Mun. 2094. about the time of the Death of Abimelech Judg. 9. 23. before Christ 254. Helv. Chron. But Sr. Walter Rawleigh says it was the 9 Year of Gideon 34 Years before Lib. 2. I. Part C. 13. Sect. 6. others by their expeditious and admirable Atchievments in foreign Countries had purchased eternal Honour and Renown he resolv'd to imitate them in the like heroick Undertakings Acquainting therefore the King his Uncle with his Purpose he easily obtain'd his Consent not that Pelius thereby aim'd at the Honour and Glory
of the young Man but that he hop'd among so many Hazards and Difficulties he would be cut off for having no Issue Male he was afraid lest his Brother with the Assistance of his Son would some time or other invade his Kingdom But he conceal'd his Suspicion in the mean time and promis'd to furnish him with Provisions for his Voyage encouraging him to undertake the Adventure in Sayling to Colchis to bring away the Ram's Golden Fleece so much fam'd and spoken of all the World over Pontus at that time was inhabited by fierce and barbarous People that were infamous for murdering of all Strangers that came amongst them and therefore it was call'd * Inhospitable Axenos However Jason being ambitious of Glory tho' he was something concern'd at the Difficulty of the Undertaking yet when he consider'd it was not altogether impossible to be accomplish'd and that the more hazardous it was the greater his Honour and Glory would be he furnish'd himself with all things necessary for his Expedition And in the first Place built a Ship at the Mountain Pelius much larger in P. 171. every respect than was usual in those Times for then they us'd to sayl only in Boats and little Skiffs Every one therefore at the sight of the Vessel was amaz'd and the intended Design and the Building of this Ship was nois'd over all Greece so that many of the noble and brisk Youths were eager to joyn and go away with Jason in Order to partake of the Honour in this Expedition Jason now lanching forth his Ship compleatly furnish'd with all things necessary made choice of four and fifty of the greatest Persons of Quality out of the Number of those that were desirous to go along with him Amongst whom the most remarkable were Castor and Pollux Hercules and Telamon Orpheus and Atalanta the Daughter of Schaeneus the Sons of Thespius and JASON himself the Head and Captain of the Expedition to Colchos he call'd the Ship Argo from the Builder whose Name was Argus as some fabulous Writers report who they say imbark'd with them to repair the Ship as Occasion might serve But others say it was so call'd from its swift Sayling for that Argon among the ancient Greeks signify'd swift Being all on Board they unanimously chose Hercules for his extraordinary Valour to be their General After they had set Sayl from Iolcus and passed by Athos and Samothrace they were by a Tempest cast upon Sigeum a Promontory of Troas Where landing they found a Young Virgin tied near to the Sea-shoar for this Reason as is said The Report was that Neptune being displeas'd with Laomedon the King concerning the fabulously fam'd building of the Walls of Troy sent a vast Monster out of the Sea upon the Land which devour'd all that came upon the Shoar and the Husbandmen that till'd the Ground upon the Sea-Coast and that this Sea-God destroy'd the People by a Plague and blasted all the Fruits of the Field The whole Country being in this miserable Condition the People met in a general Assembly and consulted together what Course was to be taken for the redress of their deplorable Condition Hereupon it 's said that the King sent to inquire of the Oracle of Apollo what was to be done in this matter Who receiv'd this Answer That Neptune was angry and would be then appeas'd when one of the Trojan's Children upon whom the Lot should fall should be offer'd up to be devour'd by the Sea-Monster Hereupon they say that a General Lot was cast and that it fell upon the King's Daughter call'd Hesione whereupon Laomedon was forc'd to deliver up his Daughter and left her bound in Chains upon the Shoar And it fortunately happened at that very time that Hercules landed with the rest of the Argonauts and being inform'd by the Lady of her Misfortune he broke off her Fetters and brought her into the City promising he would kill the Monster Laomedon hereupon rejoyced exceedingly and promis'd to bestow upon him as a Reward some Horses he had that were unconquerable They say this Monster was kill'd accordingly by Hercules and that free Liberty was given the Lady either to go along with her Deliverer or stay at Home with her Parents the Lady it 's said chose to go along with the Stranger not only as being more affected with the deliverance than the Society of her Parents and Kindred but fearing lest if another Monster should appear she should be again expos'd by the People to the same Calamity Hercules therefore receiving honourable Rewards suitable to so welcom a Guest left Hesione and the Horses in trust with Laomedon to be restor'd to him after P. 172. his return from Colchis Then he proceeded on his Voyage with the Argonauts and presently after they were overtaken with another violent Storm insomuch as they despair'd of their Lives Orpheus only they say of all his Companions in the Expedition being a Religious Man sacrific'd and pray'd to the Gods of Samothracia for their Preservation Whereupon on a suddain there was a Calm and Two Stars fell down upon the Heads of Castor and Pollux to the great amazement of the Beholders and so all concluded that by the Providence of the Gods they were now out of danger Hence it has been a Custom ever since that when any are in a Storm at Sea they call upon the Gods of Samothracia and when any Stars appear they are lookt upon then to be Castor and Pollux that appear for their Deliverance When the Storm was over the noble Adventurers landed in a Province of Thrace of which Phineus was King where met them Two Young Men who for the Punishment of their Offences were driven out of the Territories and grievously whipt all along as they came They prov'd to be the Sons of Phineus by Cleopatra the Daughter of Boreas and Orithya the Daughter of Erechtheus But through the malice of their Stepmother by false Accusations their Father was wrought upon to deal thus severely and unjustly with them for Phineus having Marry'd besides his former Wife Idaea the Daughter of Dardanus King of Seythia was so inslav'd by an inordinate Affection to her that he humour'd her in every thing she requir'd and therefore at that time he gave credit to her Accusation that those Two Young Men to please their own Mother and in contempt of her attempted to lay violent Hands on her Hercules with the rest fortunately landing at that very time they say the Young Men call'd out to those noble Hero's and implor'd them as if they had been so many Gods to rescue them out of those miserable Circumstances declaring the cause why their Father was so inrag'd against them But Phineus meeting the Strangers in a rage charg'd them not to meddle in other Peoples Concerns for they might be assur'd that no Father would willingly so punish his own Sons unless the greatness of their Faults had overcome all Natural Affection But it happened
Staff to support him by reason of his weakness Whereupon Sphinx as it is reported threw herself down Headlong from the top of the Rock And Oedipus marry'd his Mother unknown to him and begat of her Two Sons Eteocles and Polynices and Two Daughters Antigone and Ismene The Sons being grown up to Mans Estate came to the knowledge of the P. 186. Wickedness committed in their Family and therefore for the foulness of the Fact confin'd Oedipus so as that he should not stir Abroad and his Sons took upon them the Government first agreeing together to rule Yearly one after another by turns Eocles the Elder Brother reign'd first but when his Year was out he refus'd to give way to his Brother Polynices demanded the Government according to the Covenant between them but his Brother turn'd to him the Deaf Ear upon which he repair'd to Ardrastus King of Argos At which time Tydeus the Son of Oeneus King of Calydonia was fled out of Aetolia to Argos for Killing of his Nephews Alcathous and Lycotheus Adrastus kindly entertain'd them both and by command of the Oracle gave his Daughter Argia in marriage to Polynices and Deipyle to Tydeus The young Men being both in great Honour and Esteem and highly approved of by the King for their virtuous Qualifications Adrastus promis'd to restore them both to their own Countries Resolving therefore first to bring back Polynices he sent Tydeus on an Embassage to Etocles to debate the matter with him In his Return it 's said he was set upon by Fifty Men imploy'd by Eteocles to way-lay him all whom notwithstanding he slew and came safe beyond all seeming Probability to Argos Adrastus being inform'd of this piece of Treachery prepar'd all things necessary for the War and Procur'd Capaneus Hippomedon and Parthenopaeus the Son of Atalanta the Daughter of Sheneus to joyn with him Polynices also endeavour'd to persuade Amphiraus the Sooth-sayer to go along with them to the War against Thebes but he foreknowing he should fall in that War if he went refus'd to stir Polynices therefore presented Amphiraus his Wife with a †Or Necklace Golden-Chain which as is reported was bestow'd upon Harmonia by Minerva to persuade her Husband to joyn with them as one of their Confederates There being some Controversie about that time between Adrastus and Amphiaraus concerning the Kingdom they agreed together to refer the whole matter in difference both as to the Kingdom and the War to the decisive Judgment of Euriphile the Sister of Adrastus and Wife to Amphiaraus Hereupon she gave Judgment for Adrastus and that her Husband should joyn with the rest in the War against Thebes Amphiaraus though he lookt upon himself to be betray'd by his Wife yet prepar'd to go along with the other Captains But before he went commanded his Son Alchmeon that after he was dead he should kill Eriphyle who afterwards executed his Father's Commands by murdering his Mother but was some time after so terrify'd in Conscience with the horridness of the Fact that he went stark mad But to proceed Adrastus Polynices and Tydeus together with Four other Captains Amphiraus Capaneus Hippomedon and Parthenopeus with a great Army marcht against Thebes where Eteocles and Polynices kill'd each other Capeneus in attempting to scale the Walls was likewise slain The Earth open'd her Mouth and swallow'd up Amphiaraus and his Chariot together and so he was never more seen All the rest of the Generals likewise perish'd in this War except Adrastus and a great Slaughter there was among the common Souldiers whom the Thebans would not suffer to be carried off the Ground so that Adrastus was forc'd to leave them unbury'd and return to Argos The Bodies of the Slain thus lying unbury'd at Cadmea none daring to interr them the Athenians always commendable above others for their Humanity took care of this matter and bury'd them all And these were the Misfortunes that befel the Seven Captains in the War at Thebes But the Children of them that were Slain call'd †Epigoni to revenge their Born after Father's Deaths all joyn'd together and resolv'd to make War upon that City The Oracle of Apollo upon Enquiry answer'd them that they should overcome P. 187. Thebes if they made Alchmaeon the Son of Amphiaraus their General Whereupon Alchmaeon being accordingly with unanimous consent created Commander in chief consulted the Oracle both concerning the present intended Expedition and the Revenge that he was injoyn'd by his Father to execute upon Eripyle his Mother The Oracle commanded him to perform both because she not only receiv'd a Chain of Gold for what she did which was the occasion of his Father's Death but a rich †Or Garment call'd Peplus Vale likewise as a Bribe in order to the ruine of himself Venus they say heretofore bestow'd this Chain and Garment upon Harmonia the Wife of Cadmus but both were given to Eripyle the Chain by Polynices and the Vale by Thersandrus Polynices his Son that she might persuade Alchmaeon to go to the Theban War Alchmaeon therefore rais'd Souldiers out of Argos but great Numbers out of the Neighbouring Towns and with these he marcht against Thebes The Thebans issued out of the City against them upon which there was a sharp Ingagement but the Alchmeons at length got the Day The Thebans being thus overcome with a great Slaughter of their Citizens seeing themselves too weak for the other utterly despair'd of all future Success and therefore consulted Teiresias the Soothsayer what they should do Who advis'd them to abandon the City as the only means left for their Safety and Preservation The Cadmeans follow'd his Advice and in the Night forsook the City and fled to a Province in Beotia call'd Tilphotium The Epigonians afterwards enter'd and raz'd the City and being now Lords of all among others possessed themselves of Daphne the Daughter of Teiresias whom according to their Vow they devoted as the chief of their Spoils to the Oracle at Delphos The Daughter nothing inferior to her Father for the Art of Divination mightily improv'd it while she continu'd at Delphos for she was endued with those Parts and Qualifications that were to be admir'd She writ divers sorts of Prophetical Verses in a most artificial dress and composure out of which they say the Poet Homer borrow'd many Verses for the adorning of his Poems Being often in an Enthusiastical inspiration from the God she utter'd things that were Prophetical and therefore they say she was call'd a Sibyl For to be so inspir'd is in the Greek Language to act the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sibyl The Epigonians thus prosperously succeeding in their Expedition return'd at length loaden with Spoyl into their own Country Among those Thebans that fled to Tilphosium Tiresias dy'd and was bury'd by the Cadmeans with great Funeral Pomp and ador'd afterwards as a God Some time after leaving the City Tilphosium they invaded the Doreans and overcoming them in
a Battel expell'd them out of their Country and settl'd themselves for a while in their Rooms but afterwards part of them return'd to Thebes in the Reign of Creon the Son of Menaeceus and the rest continu'd in Doris But the expuls'd Doreans at length return'd into their Country and inhabited Erineus Citinius and part of †Beotia About this time Beotus the Son of Neptune and Arne * In the Greek Euboea for Beotia came into the Country then call'd Aeolis now Thessaly and nam'd those that accompany'd him Beotians Here it 's necessary to give a distinct and particular Account of those things which Aeolians we have gather'd out of the Rubbish of Antiquity concerning these Aeolians In former times some of the Children of Aeolus the Nephew of Deucalion and Helen inhabited the Places before mention'd but Mimas another Son reign'd in Aeolis and Hippotes the Son of Mimas begat Aeolus of Menalippe And Arne the Daughter of this later Aeolus had a Son by Neptune call'd Beotus Aeolus not believing she was got with Child by Neptune judg'd her guilty of Whoredom and therefore deliver'd her to a Metapontinian Stranger that was there by chance at that time to be transported to †A Town in Italy near Tarentum Metapontum which he did accordingly and there she was deliver'd of Aeolus and Beotus whom the Metapontinian being Childless by direction of the Oracle adopted for his own Sons When they grew to Mens Estate a Sedition being rais'd in Metapontum they possess'd themselves P. 188. of the Kingdom by force of Arms. Afterwards Arne and Autolyte the Wife of the Metapontinian falling together by the Ears the Sons of Arne in assisting their Mother kill'd Autolyte which cruel Fact the Metapontinian took most heinously and therefore they got on Shipboard and put to Sea with their Mother Arne and many other of their Friends Aeolus possess'd himself of the Islands in the Tyrrhenian Seas call'd the Aeolides after his Name and built a City there which he call'd Lipara But Beotus went to his Grandfather Aeolus who receiv'd him as his Son and he came afterwards to the Kingdom and call'd the Country after his Mother Arne but nam'd the People Beotians after his own Name Itonus the Son of Beotus begat Four Sons Hippalcimus Electrion Archilicus and Alegenor Hippalcimus had Peneleos Electryon Leitus Algenor Cloncus Archilycus Prothaenor and Ariesilaus who were all Commanders in chief of the Beotians in the Trojan War Having now set forth these Affairs we shall endeavour to give an account of Of the Progeny of Salmoneus and Tyro Salmoneus and Tyro and of their Progeny down to Nestor who was one of the Grecian Commanders at the Siege of Troy Salmoneus was the Son of Helen Nephew of Aeolus and Nephew's Son to Deucalion He made an Expedition out of Aeolis and possess'd himself of a Territory in Elis upon the Banks of the River Alpheus and there he built a City which he call'd after his own Name Salomnia He marry'd Alcidice the Daughter of Aleus and by her had a Daughter nam'd Tyro who was an extraordinary Beauty His Wife Alcidice dying he marry'd another call'd * Aderas Siderone who after the manner of Step-mothers hated Tyro Afterwards Simoneus being both cruel and unrighteous towards Men and impious towards the Gods was hated by his Subjects and at length for his Contempt of the Gods was by Jupiter struck dead with a Thunderbolt About this time Neptune begat Two Sons of Tyro Pelias and Neleus Tyro being afterwards married to Cretheus she had by him Amythaon Pheretes and Aesones After the Death of Cretheus Pelias and Neleus were at strife one with another for the Kingdom Pelias reign'd as King of Iolcus and the Neighbouring Countries and being joyn'd with Melampus and Bias the Sons of Amythaon and Aglaia together with some Achaeans Phthiots and Eolians made an inroad with his Army into Peloponesus At which time in Argos Melampus being a Sooth-sayer restor'd some Women to soundness of Mind that through the Anger of Bacchus were struck with a raging Madness And for this good Act he was rewarded by Anaxagoras King of the Argives Son of Megapentheus with Two parts of the Kingdom Hereupon Melampus took his Brother Bias as his Associate with him in the Government and resided at Argos Then marrying Iphianira the Daughter of Megapantheus he had by her Antiphates Manto Bias and Pronoes Antiphates had by Zeuxippe the Daughter of Hippocoon Oicles and Amphales From Oicles and Hypermnestra the Daughter of Thespius descended Iphianira Polybaea and Amphiaraus And thus Melampus and Bias and their Posterity injoy'd the Kingdom of Argos Neleus likewise with those whom he conducted enter'd Messina and built the City Pylus which was given to him by the bordering Inhabitants who reigning here married Chloris the Daughter of Amphion the Theban and by her had Twelve Sons of whom Periclimenus was the Eldest and Nestor the Youngest who went along with the rest to the Trojan War But to the end we may keep within Bounds this that has been said shall susfice concerning the Ancestors of Nestor And now something is to be further added concerning the Lapithites and the Lapithites Centaurs Centaurs most of whom were the Sons of Oceanus and Thetys as the Mythologists do report remarkable for their giving Names to Rivers amongst whom was Peneus from whom the River in Thessaly was so call'd He was familiar with P. 189. the Nymph Creuta and of her begat Hypseus and Stibes of whom Apollo begat Lapithes and Centaurus Lapithes resided near the River Peneus and reign'd over the Neighbouring Territories He marry'd Orsinome the Daughter of Eurynomus and by her had Two Sons Phorbas and Periphas who afterwards reign'd in those Parts and the whole Nation of the Lapithae are so call'd from Lapithes Phorbas one of the Sons of Lapithes resided at Olenus Whence Alector the King of Elis fearing the power of Pelops sent for him to his Assistance and made him his Associate in the Kingdom Phorbas had Two Sons Egeus and Actor who were afterwards Kings of Elis. Periphas the other Son of Lapitha marry'd Astyagea the Daughter of Hypseus and by her had Eight Children the Eldest of whom Antion had Issue Ixion of Perimela the Daughter of Amythaon Ixion they say upon Promise to Hesioneus of a great Dowry and rich Gifts marry'd his Daughter Dia of whom he begat Perithous But Ixion not performing his Promise made on the behalf of his Wife Hesioneus seiz'd his Horses in lieu of a Pawn Ixion under colour of giving full satisfaction desir'd his Father in Law to come to him who coming accordingly Ixion threw him into a Fiery Furnace But because none could expiate him from the guilt of so heinous a Parricide it 's said that Jupiter did it But growing afterwards in love with Juno they say he was so impudent as to court her to play the Adulteress Whereupon Jupiter turn'd a Cloud into the shape of
Juno with which Ixion gratify'd his Lust and begat those Half Men call'd Centaurs At length for his enormous Impiety he was fasten'd by Jupiter to a Wheel and after his Death suffer'd Eternal Torments Others say that the Centaurs were bred up by the Nymphs in Pelion and that when they grew up to Mens Estates they ingender'd with Mares and so begat a double shap'd Brood call'd * Both Horse and Man in their Natures Hippocentaurs Others say that the Centaurs were the Issue of Nephele and Ixion and because they were the first that attempted to ride upon Horses therefore they were call'd Hippocentaurs and feign'd to be of a double Nature both Man and Horse It 's said that these Centaurs being of the same Stock and Original demanded of Perithous a share of their Father's Kingdom which being deny'd they made War upon the Lapithites and that when the War was ended Perithous marry'd Hippodamia the Daughter of Bystus and invited Theseus and the Centaurs to the Marriage and that the Centaurs being Drunk and inflam'd with Wine attempted to ravish the Women that were then at the Marriage Feast At which bold and wicked Prank Theseus and the Lapathites were so incens'd that they kill'd many of them and drove the rest as Fugitives out of the City And for this Reason the whole Body of the Centaurs afterwards made War upon the Lapithites and kill'd most of them and forc'd the rest that had escap'd the Sword to fly into Pholoe in Arcadia But some got into Malea and there continu'd The Centaurs lifted up with this Success often issu'd out of Pholoe and robb'd all the Grecians that travell'd that way and kill'd many of the Neighbouring Inhabitants Having now done with these occurrences we shall next speak of Aesculapius Aesculapius's Posterity and his Posterity They say he was the Son of Apollo and Coronis and being of an acute and sharp Wit earnestly bent his Mind to the study of Physick and found out many Preservatives for the Health of Mens Bodies and grew at length so famous that curing many in a wonderful manner whose Distempers were lookt upon to be desperate he was judg'd to raise up many from the Dead And therefore it 's reported by the Mythologists that Pluto complain'd to Jupiter of Aesculapius that through his Cures the number of the Dead decreas'd and accus'd P. 190. him for the weakning of his Empire in the Shades below At which Jupiter was so incens'd that he kill'd Aesculapius with a Thunderbolt At whose Death Apollo was inrag'd to that degree that he kill'd the Cyclops that made the Thunderbolt for Jupiter Whereat Jupiter was again in wrath and for a Punishment of his Offences forc'd * Apollo to serve Mankind in a piece of constant 4 The Sun Drudgery Aesculapius it 's said had Two Sons Machaon and Podalirius who were skilful in their Father's Art and went along with Agamemnon to the Trojan War in which War they were very useful and serviceable to the Grecians for they cur'd them that were wounded in Fights with singular industry and were in such esteem and favour among the Grecians that by reason of their extraordinary usefulness in their Art they were exempted from hazarding their Persons and freed from all other publick Services But here we shall conclude the History of Aesculapius and his Sons and shall now proceed to give an account of the Daughters of Asopus and the Sons of Aeacus Oceanus and Tethys as some Stories have it had many other Sons which gave The Daughters of Asopus and Sons of Aeacus Names to famous Rivers besides Peneus and Asopus The Residence of Peneus was that Country which is now call'd Thessaly who gave Name to that Famous River there call'd Peneus Asopus dwelt at Phlias and marry'd Medon the Daughter of Ladon by whom he had Two Sons Pelasgus and Ismenus and twelve Daughters whose Names were Cercyra Salamis Aegina Pirene Cleone Thebe Tanagra Thespira Asopis Sinope Oenia and Chalcis Ismenus one of his Sons came into Beotia and seated himself near the River call'd after his own Name Sinope one of the Daughters was forc'd away by Apollo to that Place where the City Sinope now stands so call'd from her From her and Apollo sprang Syrus who reign'd over those People from him call'd Syrians Neptune transported Cercyra into that Island now call'd from her * Or Cercyra Corcyra He had by her a Son call'd Pheax from whom the †Phia or Phea a City in Elis. Pheans are so nam'd This Pheax was the Father of Alcinous who guided Vlysses into Ithaca Salamis also was forc'd by Neptune and carry'd away into the Island call'd after her own Name by him she had Cenchreus who was King of this Island and a brave spirited Man he kill'd a Serpent of a vast bigness which had destroy'd many of the Inhabitants Aegina was carry'd away by Jupiter from Phlias into the Island Aegina so call'd from her and by her had Aeacus afterwards King of that Island whose Sons were Peleus and Telamon Peleus by the throwing of an Hand-Stone unfortunately kill'd his Half-Brother Phocus being both of the same Father but not of the same Mother for this Fact he was banish'd by his Father and fled into Phthia a Province of that Country now call'd Thessaly where he was acquitted and purg'd of the Slaughter by King Actor and succeeded him in the Kingdom Actor dying without Issue Achilles was the Son of Peleus and Thetis and went along with Agamemnon to the War of Troy Telamon likewise fled out of Egina and arriv'd in Salamis where he marry'd Glance the King's Daughter and by that means afterwards came to be King of that Island After â—he Death of Glauce he marry'd Eribaea of Athens the Daughter of Alcathous and by her had Ajax another Associate in the Trojan War Having given account of these things we shall now speak of Pelops Tantalus P. 191. and Oenomaus And here it will be necessary to go higher and treat distinctly of some things in time long before In Pisa a City of Peloponesus Mars begat Oenomaus of Harpina the Daughter of Pelops Tantalus and â—â—nomaus Asopus Oenomaus had one only Daughter call'd Hippodamia and consulting the Oracle how long he should live the God answer'd that he should dye when his Daughter was Marry'd Dreading therefore her Marriage he resolv'd she should ever remain in a Virgin State conceiving by this means only he should avoid the danger foretold But whereas many earnestly su'd to have her to Wife he made a Proposal of a Horse-Race to the Suitors with this Condition that he who won the Race should have his Daughter and that he that lost should be put to Death The Course to be run was from Pisa to the Altar of Neptune in the Isthmus of Corinth and the manner of starting was thus Oenomaus first sacrific'd a Ram to Jupiter and in the mean time the Suitor makes speedily away
in a Chariot drawn with Four Horses and Oenomaus having at length finish'd his Sacrifice mounts his Chariot driven by one Myrtilus and with a Launce in his Hand pursues the Suitor and overtaking him runs him through And in this manner by the swiftness of his Horses always coming up to the Suitors though they set out so long before him he kill'd very many But Pelops the Son of Tantalus coming to Pisa and desiring to have Hippodamia for his Wife as soon as he saw her bribed Myrtilus Oenomaus's Chariot-driver to suffer him to be Victor by which means he got to Neptune's Altar in the Isthmus before Oenamaus who concluding that what the Oracle had foretold was now near to be fulfilled through grief of Heart was so dejected that he murther'd himself Pelops thus gaining Hippodamia with her likewise gain'd the Kingdom of Pisa and being a Valiant and Prudent Man and growing rich besides subdu'd most of the Countries of ‖ Peloponesus signifies the Island of Pelops Peloponesus and so called the whole Peninsula after his own Name Since we have made mention of Pelops it 's fit to say something of Tantalus's Father that we may not omit any thing worthy Remark Tantalus the Son of Jupiter was a rich and renowned Prince and had his Royal Seat in that part of Asia which is now call'd Paphlagonia and for the nobleness of his Birth being the Offspring of Jove they say he was the very Darling of the Gods themselves However he us'd not his Prosperity with that Moderation and Humility as became a Mortal but being admitted to Familiarity and Feasting with the Gods discover'd their Secrets to Men for which he was not only punish'd while he was Living but was thrust down among the Wicked and Impious as the Histories relate to suffer Eternal Torments after Death This Tantalus had Pelops and a Daughter nam'd Niobe †By Amphion King of Thebes who had Seven Sons and as many Daughters who were extraordinary Beauties Being proud of the great number of her Children she often boasted that for her fruitfulness she excell'd * The Mother of Diana and Apollo Latona her self At which the Goddess they say was so enrag'd that she commanded Apollo with his Arrows to kill the Sons and Diana with hers the Daughters who executing their Mothers Commands slew all the Children at once So that Niobe who abounded with Children was childless at one and the same moment But because Tantalus being hated by the Gods was expell'd out of Paphlagonia by Ilus the Son of Tros something is fit to be said concerning Ilus and his Ancestors The first that reign'd in the Country of Troas was Teucer the Son of the River D 〈…〉 danuâ—'s Pâ—sterity to Priam. Scamander and the Nymph Idaea he was a brave Man and gave the Name of Teucri to the Inhabitants He had a Daughter call'd Batea whom Dardanus marry'd and succeeded Teucer in the Kingdom and ordered the People to be call'd P. 192. from him Dardanians and built a City near the Sea Shore and call'd it Dardanum He had a Son nam'd Erichthonius a Prosperous and Wealthy Prince of whom the Poet Homer writes thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 None richer was of all Men under th' Sun Whose brave Three Thousand Mares in th' Meads did run Tros was the Son of Erichthonius and of him the People were nam'd Trojans he had Three Sons Ilus Assaracus and Ganimede Ilus built a noble City in the Champain Country of Troas which he call'd Ilium the Son of Ilus was Lao 〈…〉 don whose Sons were Tithonus and Priam Tithonus led an Army into the Eastern Parts of Asia and pierc'd as far as to Aethiopia whence rose the Story of Memnon being the Son of Aurora which Memnon brought aid to the Trojans and was kill'd by Achilles Priam marry'd Hecuba and by her besides many other Sons had Hector who was especially remarkable for his Valour in the Trojan War Asaracus King of the Dardanians had Capys his Son the Father of Anchises who of Venus begat Aeneas a Famous Man among the Trojans Ganymede lastly was extraordinary beautiful and is reported to be caught up to Heaven by the Gods to be Jupiter's Cup-bearer And now from these we shall proceed to Daedalus and the Minotaur and the Expedition of Minos into Sicily against King Cocalus CHAP. V. Of Daedalus and his Works in Crete Sicily and elsewhere His Flight into Sicily Minos invades Sicily the manner of his Death there The Famous Temple of the Curetes or Corybantes in Sicily built by the Posterity of the Cretians that came there with Minos The Pedigree of Aristeus his Acts his Son Acteon of Eryx Venus her Temple in Eryx in Sicily the Fame of it Of Daphnis the Shepherd A Description of the Herean Mountains Of Orion Of the Streight of Messina DAedalus was an Athenian of the Family of the Ericthidae for he was the An. Mund. 2732. Son of * Metionon Hymetion the Son of Eupalamus the Son of Erechtheus He was extraordinary Ingenious and very studious in the Art of Architecture and was an excellent Statuary and Engraver upon Stone and improv'd those Arts with many notable Inventions He made many wonderful Pieces of Work in several Parts of the World and so far excell'd in the framing and cutting of Statues that those that were long after him report that the Statues he made did resemble living Men even to the Life For their Symmetry was so exact and perfect that their Eyes and frame of Motion and the whole Composure of the Body was a lively Representation of Living Creatures For he was the first that in Statues exprest the direct and lively aspect of the Eyes and the progressive Motion of the Legs and Thighs and stretching forth of the Hands and Arms and therefore was justly admir'd by all For those Artists that were before him fram'd their Images with blinking Eyes Heads hanging down as if they were glu'd to their sides But though Daedalus was thus admir'd for his exquisite Skill in this Art yet he was forc'd to fly his Country for a Murther committed upon the occasion following ‑ Talus Daedalus his Sister's Son being but a Young Boy was at that time bred * Call'd Calus by Fausan lib. 1. 〈◊〉 21. up with his Uncle to learn his Trade This Talus for Ingenuity excell'd his Master and invented the Potter's Wheel He got likewise a Serpent's Jaw-bone and with it saw'd a little piece of Wood asunder then in imitation of the Tooth in the Jaw he made the like in Iron and so he found out an Instrument for the sawing of the greatest Pieces of Timber exceeding useful and tending much to the furtherance and ease of all Architects He invented likewise the Turner's Lath and many other Tools for the use of Architects upon which account he was in great Esteem and Reputation Daedalus hereat burnt with Rage and Envy against the poor Boy
great Tumult But their Ships being all burnt by the Sicilians Cocalus his Subjects they were out of all hope ever to return into their own Country and therefore resolv'd to settle themselves in Sicily To that end some of them built a City which from the Name of their King they call'd Minoa Another part of them went up into the heart of the Country and possessing themselves of a Place naturally very strong there built Engium a City so call'd from a Fountain there After the Destruction of Troy they receiv'd Merion with other Cretians that were cast upon Sicily and because they were of the same Nation they made them The Curetes or Corybantes Members of their City Afterwards making frequent Inroads into the Neighbouring Country from so strong a Fort they subdu'd many of the Borderers and got some small Territory afterwards being grown wealthy they built a Temple to the * Call'd the Mother Goddesses in Crete Curetes or Corybantes and most religiously ador'd those Goddesses and adorn'd their Temple with many rich Gifts They say these Goddesses came into Cicily out of Crete where they were most especially ador'd and honour'd It 's reported that they privatly bred up and conceal'd Jupiter from his Father Saturn In reward of which Kindness they were taken up into the Heavens and plac'd among the Stars where they make the Constellation call'd * The Bear Arctos Of whom Aratus agreeable hereunto in his Poem of the Stars speaks thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vpon their Shoulders him they bore away If that we may believe what Stories say From Crete great Jove advanc'd to th' Heavens clear And plac'd the Curetes in the Northern Bear For that from 's Father Saturn him they hid When young and th' Youth out of all danger rid It 's not fit therefore that we should pass by in silence the piety of these Goddesses P. 195. and their Fame and Reputation amongst all Men. For they are not only ador'd by the Inhabitants of this City but several of the Neighbouring Countries worship them with pompous Sacrifices and other Religious Services And the Oracle at Delphos injoyn'd many Cities to give divine Honour to these Goddesses promising that by this means they should be bless'd both in their private and publick Concerns And at length these Goddesses grew so Famous that rich Gifts both of Gold and Silver were dedicated to them by the Inhabitants and such Offerings are continu'd to the very time of writing this History For they built to them a most sumptuous Temple both for greatness of Structure and Costlyness of Ornament For in regard there was not Stone in that part of the Country fit for the raising such a Structure they took care to have it brought from the Agyrinaeans which was a * About Fifteen Miles Hundred Furlongs distance and the way very rough and craggy and hard to pass And therefore to convey the Stones they provided †Gr. Carts with Four Wheels Wagons and a Hundred Yoke of Oxen being the better inabled to bear the Charge for that the Sacred Treasures were very large For a little before our time there were Three Thousand Oxen dedicated to those Goddesses and so much Land as rais'd a vast Revenue But having said enough of this we shall proceed to the History of Aristaeus Aristaeus was the Son of Apollo and Cyrene the Daughter of Gypsaeus who was Aristaeus his Original the Son of Peneus Of his Birth some tell this Story They say that Cyrene was very beautiful and brought up at Mount Pelion and that Apollo fell in love with her and transported her into Lybia where in later time was built a City call'd after her Name Cyrene There Apollo committed his Son Aristaeus begotten of Cyrene then a young Infant to the care of the Nymphs to be brought up by them who gave him Three several Names Norricus Aristaeus and Agreus These Nymphs taught him how to * To make Cheese curdle Milk to order and make Bee-Hives and plant Olive-Yards and by this means he became the first that directed all other Men in this Art For which he was so honour'd that all ador'd him as a God as much as they did Bacchus Afterwards they say he went to Thebes where he marry'd Autonoe one of Cadmus's Daughters by whom he had Actaeon torn in Pieces as the Mythologists Actaeon say by his own Dogs Some give this Reason of his Misfortune Because that he design'd Nuptial Imbraces with Diana in her †Within the Consecrated Ground belonging to the Temple Temple dedicating to her what he got in hunting for that Solemnity Others say because he boasted that in hunting he excell'd * Others say because he look'd at her when she was Bathing See Paus Boetic c. 2. Diana her self And it is not improbable but that the Goddess might be incens'd at either of these For whether for the gratifying of his Lust by his Prey he abus'd the Goddess who was ever averse from Marriage or that he dar'd to prefer himself in the Art of Hunting before her who by all the Gods themselves was granted to excel all others in that respect the Goddess was certainly most justly angry It 's therefore very probable that being transform'd into the likeness of those Beasts he us'd to take the Dogs when they were in pursuit of other Game might tear him himself in Pieces After the Death of Actaeon Aristaeus went to †Apollo the Oracle being call'd the Oracle of Apollo his Father the Oracle at Delphos and there it 's said he was commanded by the Oracle to remove into the Island Coos who told him that he should be there highly honour'd and in great esteem with the Coons Thither therefore he sail'd a Plague afterwards raging over all Greece he sacrific'd to the Gods for the deliverance of the Grecians When he had perfected his Sacrifice about the rising of the * In August Dog Star at which time the Etesian Winds began to rise the Plague staid This remarkable change if it be seriously P. 196. considered may justly be wonder'd at for he who had his Son torn in Pieces with Dogs allay'd the evil Influences of the Dog-Star which commonly are pernicious and at that time restor'd Health to many Thousands Afterwards leaving his Children behind him he went to Lybia and from thence being furnish'd with Shipping by the Nymph his Mother he sail'd into Sardinia where being taken with the pleasantness of the Island he feated himself and improved the Ground with Planting and Tillage and civiliz'd the Inhabitants who were before Rude and Barbarous Here he begat Two Sons Carmus and Calaecarpus Afterwards he sail'd to other Islands and staid for some time in Sicily upon the account of its Fruitfulness both in Corn and Cattel where he imparted several things to the Inhabitants that were of great Benefit and
Thracians and call'd it Dia. Shortly after they fell out and fought a set Battel wherein many were kill'd on both sides and the two Brothers kill'd one another whom the Inhabitants afterwards ador'd as Demygods After the Thracians had held the Island for above two hundred Years at length a Drought and Famin forc'd 'em to leave the Place After them the Carians being expuls'd Lamia possess'd themselves of it whose King Naxus the Son of Polemon afterwards order'd the Island should be call'd Naxus after his own Name This Naxus was a very famous and good Man and left behind him a Son call'd P. 225. Leucippus whose Son Smardius afterwards reign'd in the Island in whose Reign Theseus coming out of Crete with Ariadne landed here and in his Sleep saw Bacchus threatning him with Ruin if he did not forsake Ariadne with which Vision being terrify'd he left her and withdrew himself out of the Island Then Bacchus in the Night led away Ariadne to the Mountain Arius and then immediately disappear'd and not long after Ariadne was no more seen The Naxians have many Stories amongst them concerning this God for they say he was bred up with 'em and therefore that this Island was lov'd by Bacchus more than any other and by some call'd Dionysiades For Jupiter as the Story goes Semele before the Birth of Bacchus being struck with a Thunderbolt took the Infant Bacchus out of his Mother's Womb and clapt him within his Thigh But when the full time of his Birth was at Hand to conceal him from Juno he was brought forth in Naxus and there committed to the care of the Nymphs Philias Coronidis and Cleidis to be educated by them and that Semele was therefore before his Birth kill'd by Lightning to the end that Bacchus not being born of a Mortal but of Two immortal Deities might from his Birth be of an Immortal Nature Upon the account therefore of the kindness shew'd him in his Education he express'd his gratitude to the Inhabitants so far as that he advanc'd them to a high degree of Wealth and Power and furnish'd them with a brave Fleet of Ships and that they being the first that made a defection from Xerxes they say he assisted 'em to vanquish the Barbarians in a Sea-Fight and that he gave a clear Evidence and Token of his Concern with them in the Battel at Platea and that the excellency of their Wine was an apparent demonstration of the Kindness of this God to their Island The First that inhabited Syme which before lay waste and desolate were Syme those that came thither with Triops under the Conduct of Chthonius the Son of Neptune and Symes from whom the Island was so call'd Nireus the Son of Charopus and Aglaies was in after-times King of this Island he was a very comely and beautiful Man and went along with Agamemnon to the War against Troy and together with this Island was Lord of Cnidus After the end of the Trojan War the Carians possessed themselves of this Place at such time as they were Masters at Sea afterwards forc'd thence by an excessive Drought they settl'd themselves in * Vranopolis in Mount Athos Vranium From that time it lay desolate till the Fleet of the Lacedemonians and Argives arriv'd there and then it was Planted with new Colonies in this manner †Ausos or Auson the Son of Vlysses and Calypso Nausus one of the Companions of Hippotas taking along with him those that came too late at the time when the * Of Argos Country was divided by lot possessed himself of Syme which then lay desolate and afterward receiv'd others that came there under the Conduct of Xuthus to share with him both in the Priviledges of the City and Commodities of the Country and possess'd the Island equally among them They say that both Cnidians and Rhodians made up part of this Colony The Cares anciently possess'd Calydna and Nisyrus and afterwards Thessalus the Calydna Nisyrus Son of Hercules was Lord of both the Islands and therefore Antiphus and Philippus Kings of Coos when they were ingag'd in the War of Troy were Generals of those Forces that were sent out of these Islands In their return from the Trojan War Four of Agamemnon's Ships were by a Storm cast upon Calydna and the Men that were on Board continu'd there intermixt with the other Inhabitants But the ancient Inhabitants of Nisyrus were swallow'd up by an Earthquake After which the Coons added it to their Dominion as they had done Calydna before After them the Rhodians sent a Colony thither all the former Inhabitants being wholly swept away with a Plague As for Carpathus that was first seiz'd upon by some of Minos his Soldiers at Carpathus P. 226. such time as he was Master at Sea and lorded it over the Grecians Many Ages after Ioclus the Son of Thymoleon of Argos by the Command of the Oracle brought over a Colony thither The Island of Rhodes was anciently inhabited by those call'd Telchines who as Rhodes an old Story goes were the Offspring of †Thalassa and with Caphira the Daughter * The Sea of Oceanus brought up Neptune who was committed to their care by Rhea It 's said they invented several Arts and found out many other things useful and conducing to the well-being of Man's Life It 's reported they were the first that made Statues of the Gods and that some of the ancient Images were denominated from them for amongst the Lindians Apollo is call'd Apollo Telchinius Amongst the Ialysians Juno and the Nymphs were call'd Telchiniae and amongst the Camiraeans Juno was call'd Juno Telchinia But these Telchines were likewise reported to be Conjurers for they could raise Storms and Tempests with Rain Hail and Snow when ever they pleas'd which the ‖ Magi. Magicians as is related in History were used to do They could likewise transform themselves into other Shapes and were envious at all that learnt their Art Neptune they say fell in love with Halia the Sister of the Telchines and of her begat several Children Six Sons and one Daughter call'd Rhoda from whom the Island was call'd Rhodes In those Days there were Giants in the Western Parts of the Island Then likewise Jupiter having conquer'd the Titans fell in love with a Nymph nam'd Hamalia and of her begat Three Sons Spartaeus Cronius and Cytus About the time they were grown up to Mens Estate Venus in her Passage from Cythera to Cyprus arriv'd at this Island but being hinder'd from landing by the Sons of Neptune together with proud and impious Language the Goddess was so provok'd as that she struck 'em mad and caus'd 'em in their raging mood to ravish their own Mother and commit many other outrages upon the Inhabitants Neptune coming to the Knowledge of this vile Fact sunk his Sons under Ground for their Wickedness Whence they were call'd the * Oriental Eastern Daemons Halia threw her self into the Sea and
very Persians themselves when they destroy'd all other Temples throughout all Greece only spar'd the Temple of Hemithea Thieves and Robbers likewise that spoyl and waste all before them have still from time to time spar'd this Temple though it stand open and naked without the defence of a Wall to secure it They say that the Cause of the flourishing Condition of this Place is the great Kindness of this Goddess to all Men whatsoever for she appears to those that are sick in their Sleep and directs them to proper Remedies for the recovery of their Health sach as are in desperate Distempers and resort thither she perfectly cures and restores Women likewise that are in hard Labour she safely delivers and frees from the pains and hazards of Child-bearing and therefore that Temple is full of ancient Relicts and Donations safely kept and preserv'd to this Day not by Guards or Walls but only by the Religious Devotion observed in this Place But let this suffice concerning Rhodes and Chersonesus it remains we should now treat of Crete CHAP. IV. Of Crete The First Inhabitants Of the Idaei Dactyli Of Jupiter Saturn Hyperion Prometheus Mnemosyne Themis Ceres Neptune Pallas Jupiter ' s Race as the Muses Vulcan Mars c. Of the ancient Hercules Britomartis Pluto Rhadamanthus ' s Justice Of Lesbos Deucalion ' s Flood Of the Blessed Islands Of Tenedos and the Cyclades THE Inhabitants of Crete affirm that the most ancient People of Crete are the Eteocretes whose King whom they call Creta found out many very useful things conducing much to the support and comfort of Man's Life They say likewise that many of the Gods were born amongst them who for their Benefits conferr'd upon Mankind were eternally honour'd as Deities Of which things we shall here distinctly treat as they are deliver'd to us by the most approv'd Authors that have writ the History of Crete The first Inhabitants of Crete of whom there 's any remembrance were the Idaei Dactyli in Mount Ida Some say there were a Hundred others but Ten in number call'd Dactyli from the Ten Fingers on Mens Hands Some affirm and amongst those Ephorus that the Idaei Dactyli had their Original from Mount Ida in Phrygia and pass'd over with Minos into Europe and that they were Conjurers and gave themselves to Inchantments and Sacred Rites and Mysteries and abiding in Samothracia greatly amus'd and astonish'd the People of the Island At which time it 's said Orpheus who was naturally of a prompt Wit to Musick and Poetry was their Scholar and the first that brought over the Rites and Ceremonies of their Mysteries into Greece The Dactyli moreover as is said found out the use of Fire and discover'd the nature of Iron and Brass to the Inhabitants of the Antisapterians near to the Mountain Berecynthus and taught the manner of working of it And because they were the first discoverers of many things of great use and advantage to Mankind they were ador'd and worship'd as Gods One of them they say was call'd Hercules a Person he was of great Renown and he that instituted the Olympick Games which were thought by Posterity to have been appointed by Hercules the Son of Alcmena led into that Error by the Identity of Names An Evidence of these things they say remains to this Day in that the Women chant the Songs formerly sung by this God and wear about them certain Amulets in imitation of him who was a Magician and taught sacred Rites and Ceremonies All which were different from the Manners of Hercules the Son of Alemena After the Idaei Dactyli they say there were Nine Curetes some of which are feign'd to be the Offspring of the Earth and the rest to descend from the Idaei Dactyli They dwelt in the Mountains under the shade of thick Trees and in P. 231. Caves and other Places that naturally afforded them a shelter and covering the building of Houses not being then found out They were very Ingenious and therefore invented many things very useful and profitable For they were the first that taught how to manage Flocks of Sheep and to tame and bring up other Cattel and how to gather Honey and that they were the first that shew'd how to cast Darts and to Hunt and that order'd Men into Societies and Communities and sociably eating one with another and brought Men into a peaceable and orderly Course of Life They invented likewise Swords and Helmets and dancing in Arms and by the great noise they made deceiv'd Saturn For it 's said that by them Jupiter whom his Mother Rhea to hide him from her Father Saturn committed to their Care was secur'd and brought up But being willing to treat of this more particularly we must go a little higher with ou◠Relation The Cretians say that the Titans were contemporary with the Curetes They dwelt in the Country of the Gnosians where now may be seen the ancient Foundations and Courts of the House where Rhaea inhabited and an old Sacred Grove of Cyprus Trees They were in number Six Men and Five Women the Issue of ‖ Heavens and Earth Vranus and Terra as some affirm but as others say the Offspring of one of the Curetes and Titaea and call'd Titans after the Name of their Mother The Sons were call'd * Saturn Cronus Hyperion Coeus Japetus Crius and Oceanus the Sisters were Rhea Themis Mnemosyne Phaebe and Thetis every one of whom were the Inventers of something useful and profitable to Man's well-being and as a Reward of their Deserts are by all Men honour'd with an everlasting Remembrance Saturn the Eldest obtained the Kingdom and reduc'd his Subjects from a wild and barbarous to a more civil Course Saturn held for good Reasons to be Noah See before of Life both as to Food and Manners Having therefore upon that account gain'd much Honour and Reputation he went into many Parts of the World and perswaded all wherever he came to Justice and Integrity of Heart and therefore it 's brought down as a certain Truth to Posterity that in the times of Saturn Men were plain and honest free from all sorts of wicked Designs or Practices yea that they were then happy and blessed He chiefly reign'd over the Western Parts of the World and was advanc'd to the highest Pinacle of Honour and Renown and therefore of later Times both the Romans and Carthaginians while their City stood and other Neighbouring Nations ador'd this God with magnificent and splendid Festivals and Sacrifices and many Places up and down are call'd after his Name And because at that time the Laws were strictly observ'd no act of Injustice was committed but all submitting to his Authority liv'd happily and injoy'd Pleasure and Content without any Molestation which is attested by the Poet Hesiod in these Verses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
to the later They say that the Praise and Renown of this elder God for his famous Actions continues in Egypt to this Day where he built a City Britomartis otherwise call'd Dictynna they say was born in Caenon in Crete Britomartis Dictynna and was the Daughter of Jupiter begotten on Carmes the Daughter of Eubulus the Son of Ceres It 's said she invented the Hunters Toyls and Nets and thence was call'd †Dictyon in Greek signifying a Net Dictynna She was very familiar with Diana and therefore it was thought by some that Dictynna and Diana were one and the same Person which Goddess is ador'd and honour'd in Crete both with Temples and Sacrifices Those are very much mistaken who say that Dictynna was so call'd from her flying and hiding her self in the Fishers Nets to avoid Minos who would have forc'd and ravish'd her For it 's not reasonable to imagine that a Goddess the Daughter of the most Supream God should be reduc'd to so low a Condition as to stand in need of Humane help nor is it just to imagine that Minos who by the general Consent of all was reputed a righteous and upright Man and P. 237. liv'd a good Life should be guilty of such an horrid Impiety and grand piece of Wickedness Pluto they say was the Son of Jasion and Ceres and born in Tripolus in Crete Pluto and of his Descent there 's a double Relation in History For some say that Jasion so improv'd and cultivated the Land that it brought forth Fruit in that abundance that they that saw it impos'd upon it a Name proper to the abundance of the Fruits and call'd it * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Riches Pluto and therefore Posterity afterwards us'd to say That he who had more than enough had Pluto Others say that Jasion and Ceres had a Son nam'd Pluto who first taught Men a more orderly and careful way of Living and how to gain and treasure up Wealth Whereas a provident Care of getting and keeping of Estates was altogether neglected And these are the things which the Cretians say of those Gods which they pretend were born among them Moreover they say the manner of Worshipping and Sacrificing to the Gods and other Rites and sacred Mysteries came from them to other Nations and they bring in this as a most certain and undeniable Argument as they suppose For they say the Rites and Initiations practis'd by the Athenians in Elusina which are almost the most famous of any other and those in Samothracia and in Thracia among the Cidonians of all which Orpheus was the Institutor are celebrated darkly and Mystically but in Crete at Gnosus by an ancient Law the very same sacred Mysteries are celebrated plainly and openly and whatever is done in secret by others none amongst them conceals from any that have a desire to know them for many of the Gods they say went out from Crete and travell'd through many parts of the World and were Benefactors to all sorts of Men and communicated to them the Benefit and Advantage of such things as they themselves had found out and invented For Ceres sail'd into Attica and from thence into Sicily and at length into Egypt in which Places after she had deliver'd them Corn and taught them how to sow it she was highly honour'd amongst them So Venus dwelt near Eryx in Sicily in the Island Cythera at Paphus in Cyprus and in Syria in Asia and because she was often seen and continu'd long among the Inhabitants of these Places she was call'd Venus Erycina Cytherea Paphya and Syria Apollo likewise continu'd long in Delos Lycia and Delphos and Diana in Ephesus Pontus Persia and Crete and therefore from the Places and things done there by them Apollo was call'd Apollo Delius Lycius and Pythius and she was stiled Diana Ephesia of Cresia Tauropolia and Persia although both of them were born in Crete This Goddess Diana is highly honour'd by the Persians and the same Mysteries and Sacrifices that are celebrated and offered to her by others the Barbarians themselves at this very day celebrate in honour of Diana Persia To this purpose they give an Account of the rest of the Gods which as they are easie for the Reader to understand so they are too tedious for us to recite Moreover they say that many Ages after the Birth of the Gods there were many Heroes among them of whom the most Eminent were Minos and Rhadamanthus who were the Progeny of Jupiter and Europa the Daughter of Agenor whom they report by the Providence of the Gods to be carried over into Crete upon the Back of a Bull. Minos they say who was the Elder obtain'd the Kingdom and built in the Island many Cities amongst which Three were most Famous Gnosius situated in that part of the Island that look'd towards Asia Phaetus lying Southward upon the Shoar and Cidonia situated in the Western Part over against Peloponesus Many Laws they say were made by him for P. 238. the Government of the Cretians receiving them from Jupiter his Father who us'd to converse with him privately in a Cave He had a great Fleet and conquer'd many of the Islands and was the first of the Greeks that gain'd the Dominion of the Seas and after he had arriv'd to a high pitch of Glory and Honour by reason of his Justice and Valour he dy'd in Sicily in undertaking a War against Cocalus of which we have before given a particular Narrative when we treated of the Affairs of Daedalus who was the occasion of this War Rhadamanthus they say was the most Just Man in the World for in executing Rhadamanthus of Justice upon Thieves Robbers and other Impious and Wicked Persons he was inexorable They report likewise that he gain'd several Islands and many of the Maritime Coasts of Asia all voluntarily submitting to him upon the account of his eminent Justice He gave the Kingdom to Erythro one of his Sons who call'd themselves Erythri from him To Oenopion the Son of Minos and Ariadna they say he allotted Chius Others say he was the Son of Bacchus and was taught how to make Wine by his Father He rewarded likewise each of his Captains either with some Island or City Upon Thoantes he bestow'd Lemnos on Engyeus Cyrnus to Pamphilus he gave Peparathus to Euambeus Maronea to Alcaeus Parus to Arrion Delus to Andreus the Island Andros so call'd after his Name And because he was so remarkably Just he 's feign'd to be the Judge of Hell and to distinguish between the Pious and Impious the Good and the Bad They say likewise that Minos is Copartner with him in that dignity upon the account of his Uprightness and his just and righteous Reign Sarpadon the Third Brother they say past over with an Army into Asia and Sarpadon possest himself of Lycia and the Neighbouring Territories His Son Evander succeeded him in the Kingdom of Lycia who marrying Deidamia the
Daughter of Bellerophon of her begat Sarpedon who went to the Trojan War with Agamemnon and is call'd by some the Son of Jupiter Deucalion and Molus they say were the Sons of Minos Deucalion had a Son call'd Idomeneus and Molus another nam'd Merion who as is said assisted Agamemnon against Troy with a Fleet of * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Margent confirm'd by Hom. Iliad 11. vers 652. Fourscore Sail and afterwards return'd and dy'd in their own Country and were honourably bury'd and ador'd as Gods They show their Sepulcher in †Crnosus in Crete Gnosus whereon is this Inscription 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Idomeneus in this Tomb doth lye Who born in Gnosus was and him hard by I Son of Molus rest Merion call'd These Two are ador'd as Demy-Gods by the Cretians for they offer Sacrifice to them and in their Wars call upon them for aid and assistance Having given an Account of these things it remains we should now speak of the Nations that are intermixt with the Cretians That the Aeteocretians were the first Inhabitants of this Island and reputed to have been there from the beginning we have before declar'd Many Ages after the Pelasgi planted among them a Nation inur'd continually to Arms and wandring up and down from their ancient Habitations seiz'd upon that part of the Island where they landed The Third Nation that came thither they say were the Dorienses under the Conduct of Teutamus one of the Posterity of Dorus. It 's said the greatest part of his Colony he brought from the Neighbouring Parts of Olympus and some part from the Achaians in Laconia for that Dorus gather'd his Colony out of the Parts and Territories near to Malea A Fourth sort of People that pour'd into Crete were a promiscuous Company of Barbarians from several Parts round about who notwithstanding in process of time spoke the same Language with the ancient Cretians the natural Inhabitants But after the power of Minos and Rhadamanthus became prevalent and considerable all these Nations were reduc'd into one Body as one People throughout the whole Island And at length after the return of the Heraclidae the Argives and Spartans sent Colonies and possess'd themselves likewise of other Islands and both in this and those other built several Cities of which we shall P. 239. treat more fully in due and proper time But since that almost all the Historians of the Cretian Affairs differ among themselves it 's not to be wonder'd at if we do not agree with them all in every thing we relate for we follow them who give the most probable Account and are esteem'd to be of most credit For sometimes we follow Epimenides the Theologist and sometimes Dosiadas Sosicrates and Leosthenidas Having therefore treated thus largely of Crete we shall now apply our selves to speak of Lesbos This Island was anciently inhabited by many several Nations one after another Lesbos by reason it was so often left and forsaken The first that seis'd upon it were the Pelasgi when it lay desert and uninhabited For Xanthus the Son of Triopas Prince of the Pelasgians that came from Argos seated himself in a part of Lycia which he had possessed himself of and there reign'd over the Pelasgians that came thither with him whence he sail'd over to Lesbos which at that time lay desolate and divided the Country amongst the People and call'd the Island Pelasgia which before was call'd Isa In process of time after the Seventh Generation many People were destroy'd by Deucalion's Flood and Lesbos likewise at that time was by * Deucation's Flood Chataracts of Showers laid waste and desolate But afterwards Macarius happening to touch there and considering Deucalion's Flood An. Mun. 2436 Eighteen Years before the Israelites departure out of Egypt Orige's Flood 248 Years before this while Jacob was with Laban An. Mund. 2189. the pleasantness of the Island there seated himself This Macarius was the Son of Crinacus the Son of Jupiter as Hesiod and some other of the Poets say and dwelt in the City Olanus then call'd Jados and now Achaia He got together a great Company of Ionians and multitudes from several other Nations flockt in to him in the first place he possessed himself of Lesbos afterwards growing more powerful through the richness of the Island and his own Justice and Humanity he gain'd many Neighbouring Islands and divided the Lands amongst his Countrymen and Followers About that time Lesbos the Son of Lapithas the Son of Eolus the Son of Hippotas by the Direction of the Oracle at Delphos arriv'd in this Island with new Colonies and marrying Methymna the Daughter of Macareus seated himself and his Followers there and injoy'd an equal Interest with them that were there before him and afterwards becoming a Man of great Renown he call'd the Island Lesbos after his own Name and the People Lesbians For Macareus had Two Daughters Mytylene and Methymna from whom two of the chiefest Cities of the Island were so call'd Macareus having a design to possess himself of some of the neighbouring Islands ordered one of his Sons to carry over a Colony first into Chius afterwards he sent another into Samos nam'd Cycholaus who seated himself there and divided the Lands by Lot amongst those of his Colony and rul'd over them as King The Third Island Peopl'd by Macareus was Coos over which he appointed Neander King After this he sent a large Colony with Leucippus into Rhodes whom the Rhodians by reason of the small number of Inhabitants that were left among them willingly receiv'd and suffered them to have and injoy the Lands equally with them But about that time the Continent over against these Islands lay under most The Macarian Islands pressing and grievous Calamities by reason of the late * Deucalion's Flood Flood for in regard all the Fruits of the Earth by the Inundation and Excess of Rain were rotted and spoil'd for a long time together Famine exceedingly prevail'd and through Corruption of the Air Plague and Pestilence depopulated and laid the Towns and Cities waste But in the mean time the Islands lying more open to the Winds and so partaking of their healthful Gales were loaded with the Fruits of the Earth and the Inhabitants had fulness of all things and in a short time were in a happy and prosperous State and Condition and by reason of the great Plenty that was amongst them they were call'd the Islands of the Blessed or †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Blessed Islands But some say that they were call'd the Macarean Islands from Macareas and Ion two Sons of one of the Princes that formerly rul'd there And indeed these Islands for richness of Soyl and plenty of all things did not only excel all the neighbouring Countries in ancient Time but do so even to this Day For the fertility of the Soyl the pleasantness of the Situation and P. 240. the
healthfulness of the Climate is such that they are not without cause call'd but are really and in truth Blessed and Happy Islands Lastly Macareus King of Lesbos made the first Law among them which was so beneficial and advantagious to the Publick that he gave it the Name of the Lion because of the strength and force of that Beast A considerable time after this Colony planted in Lesbos another was brought into the Island Tenedos in this manner Tennes was the Son of Cyrnus King of Colone in Troas and was a Man renown'd Tenedos for his Valour he brought over a Colony out of the opposite Continent and possess'd himself of the Island Leucophrys at that time desolate After he had divided the Country by Lot amongst his Subjects and had built a City he call'd it Tennus after his own Name By his good and upright Government he gain'd upon the Hearts of his People and was highly honour'd while he liv'd and after his Death was ador'd as a Demy-God For they built a Temple in honour of him and offered Sacrifices to him as a God Which Religious Veneration was continu'd to Times not long since But we are not here to omit what the Islanders report concerning Tennes the Founder of the City * Or Tennus Tenedos They say that Cygnus the Father of Tennes giving Ear to the false Suggestions and Calumniations of his Wife lockt his Son in a Chest and caus'd him to be thrown into the Sea and that the Chest was cast up by the Waves upon Tencdos and being thus strangely preserv'd by the special Providence of God became King of the Island and afterwards growing renown'd for his Justice and other eminent Virtues he was at length honour'd and ador'd as a God And because his Stepmother hir'd a †A Minstrel Piper by a false Oath to support her own Calumny it 's a Law amongst them of Tenedos That no Piper shall come into the Temple Afterwards when Tennes was kill'd by Achilles in the time of the Trojan War and Tenedos then laid wast by the Grecians the Tenedeans made another Law that it should not be lawful so much as once to name Achilles in Tennes his Temple These are the things related of Tenedos and it's ancient Inhabitanas Having now given an Account of the most considerable Islands we shall proceed in the next place to the lesser The Cyclade Islands were Formerly desolate and uninhabited But Minos the The Cycladae Islands Son of Jupiter and Europa King of Crete having a strong Army at Land and with a powerful Navy Master at Sea sent many Colonies out of Crete and Peopled many of the Islands of the Cyclades and divided the Lands to the People by Lot and subdu'd a great part of the Sea-Coasts of Asia and therefore the Sea-Ports and Havens of Asia and of the Islands have the same Names with those in Crete and are call'd Minoi Minos being now grown great and powerful began to envy his Brother Rhadamanthus his Copartner in the Kingdom for the honour and reputation he had gain'd by his Justice Willing therefore to remove him as far from him as possibly he could he sent him into the furthest parts of his Dominions Whereupon Rhadamanthus abiding in the Islands over against Ionia and Caria caus'd Erythrus to build a City in Asia after his own Name and made Oenopion the Son of Ariadna the Daughter of Minos Lord of Chius These things were all done before the Trojan War But after the destruction of Troy the Cares grown rich and wealthy gain'd the Dominion at Sea and subdu'd the Cyclades some of which they took into their own hands and rooted out the Cretians others they injoy'd in Common with the ancient Cretian Inhabitants But in process of time the Grecians growing strong and powerful the barbarous Carians were ejected out of most of the Cyclades and the Islands fell into the hands of the Greeks Of which we shall give a more particular Account hereafter in proper Time and Place D. G. The following Books that is to say the VI VII VIII IX X are lost THE Last Ten Books OF THE HISTORICAL LIBRARY OF Diodorus the Sicilian CONTAINING The Affairs of the WORLD for the space of 179 Years from the Expedition of Xerxes into Greece to Seleucus his coming into Cappadocia with his Army and the other Confederate Princes into other Parts against Antigonus in the 3 d Year of the 119 th Olympiad Together with The Fragments of PHOTIUS his BIBLIOTHECA and others Published by L. Rhodomannus AND The Fragments Published by H. Valesius and by F. Vrsinus WITH A SUPPLEMENT Made English By GEORGE BOOTH of Chester Esq LONDON Printed by Edw. Jones for A. and J. Churchill at the Black-Swan in Pater-Noster-Row 1700. ANTIENT SICELE ACCORDING TO THE Description of Philip Cluuerius THE Historical Library OF Diodorus the Sicilian BOOK XI The PREFACE THE Book next before this being the Tenth in the whole Composure of our History ends with things done in the Tear immediately before the Descent of Xerxes into Europe and with those Debates in the General Assemblies of the Grecians at Corinth concerning the admission of Gelo into the Grecian Confederacy In this to proceed as things were done in a continued Series of the History we shall begin with Xerxes ' s Expedition into Greece and end the Year immediately before the Army of the Athenians under Cymon their General invaded Cyprus CHAP. I. Of Xerxes his Expedition into Greece and the Battel of Thermopyle and the Sea Fight at Salamis CAllias being Archon or chief Magistrate of Athens Spurius Cassius and Proclus Virginius Tricostus Consuls at Rome in the Seventy Fifth Olympiad celebrated at Elis in which * Asyehus Asylus the Syracusian Olymp. 75. Ant. Chr. 478. was Victor Xerxes for the reason after mention'd rais'd an Army against the Grecians †He married Artozostra the Daughter of Darius and was himself the Son of Gobrias whose Daughter Darius married Herod lib. 6. c. 43. and lib. 7. c. 5. Mardonius the Persian was Cousin German and by Marriage likewise nearly related to Xerxes of great esteem among the Persians for his Valour and Prudence This Man prompted forward by the greatness of his Spirit and the heat of his Youth burned with Ambition to be General of so great an Army as that Expedition requir'd and therefore persuaded Xerxes that he would bend all his power to subdue the Grecians those implacable Enemies of the Persians Being brought over to close with this Advice he determin'd utterly to destroy and root them up And to that end sent Embassadors to Carthage to treat with them concerning the joining of their Forces together Whereupon it was thus agreed between them That Xerxes should Land his Forces in Greece and that the Carthaginians at the same time should with a great Army invade the Greeks in Italy and Sicily According to which Compact the Carthaginians raised a great sum of Money and hired
other Cities His Policy to gain the Olynthians and other Places in Greece IN Sicily Dionysius the Younger Tyrant of Syracuse who came some time before to Ant. Ch. 357 the Kingdom being of an unactive Spirit and much inferiour to his Father under the Veil of a peaceful and gentle Disposition endeavour'd to cover his Sloth and Cowardize and therefore tho' the War with the Carthaginians descended upon him as well as the Kingdom yet he made Peace with them In a careless manner likewise he made War for some time upon the * Lucanians in Italy Lucanians and tho' he had the Advantage in some of the last Fights yet he was very fond of the Terms and Conditions offer'd for the putting an end to the War He built two Cities in Apulia the better to secure the Passage of his Shipping through the Ionian Sea For the Barbarians dwelling on the Sea-Coasts had a great number of Pirates roving up-and-down whereby the Adriatick Sea was greatly infested and made troublesome to the Merchants Afterwards giving himself up to his Ease he wholly neglected all Warlike Exercises and tho' he was Lord of the Greatest Kingdom in Europe and had a Dominion bound fast with a Diamond as his Father was us'd to boast yet through his effeminate Sloth and Idleness he lost it on a sudden How it was taken from him and how he carry'd himself in every Particular we shall endeavour now to declare At this time Cephisodorus was Lord Chancellor at Athens and Caius Licinius and Caius Sulpitius were Consuls at Rome when Dion the Brother of Hipparinus one of the most Olymp. 105. 3. Ant. Ch. 356. Noble Persons among the Syracusians fled out of Sicily and afterwards by the Braveness of his Spirit and excellent Accomplishments restor'd not only the Syracusians but other Sicilians to their ancient Liberties Which was occasion'd thus Dionysius the Elder had Issue by both his Wives By the second Wife the Daughter of Hipparians who was in great Esteem among the Syracusians he had two Sons Hipparinus and Narsaeus Dion was the Brother of this second Wife a Man well skill'd in Philosophy and the most expert Soldier in his Time of all the Syracusians The Nobleness of his Birth and Greatness of his Spirit made him suspected by the Tyrant because upon that account he seem'd to be a fit Instrument to overturn the Tyranny Dionysius therefore fearing him determin'd to send him further off from him and so to put him to death Dion foreseeing what was design'd at first discover'd it to some of his Friends Afterwards he fled out of Sicily to Peloponnesus taking along with him Megacles his Brother and Cariclides the General of the Army under the Tyrant When he arriv'd at Corinth he solicited the Corinthians to assist him in the Recovery of the Syracusians Liberty And presently got together a Band of Mercenaries and employ'd himself in procuring of Arms Upon which many Voluntiers coming in to him with all sorts of Arms he muster'd a considerable Force of Mercenary Soldiers Then having hind two Ships he put his Men and Arms on board and with these only pass'd over from * Now Zant. Zacynthus near adjoining to Cephalenia to Sicily and commanded Chariclides to follow him presently after to Syracuse with some few Gallies and other Ships of Burden While these things were acting Andromachus of Tauromenum the Father of Timoeus the Historian a Man eminent both for his Riches and Wisdom brought together from all Parts all the Exiles of Naxus which Dionysius had raz'd and gave them the Hill call'd Ant. Ch. 356. Taurus lying above Naxus And because he and his Family had continu'd there a long time he call'd it Tauromenium from their Residence in Taurus The Inhabitants afterwards grew very rich and the City became famous by its prosperous Increases in worldly Blessings But in our Age the Tauromenians were remov'd out of their Country by Caesar and the City receiv'd a Roman Colony In the mean time the Inhabitants of Euboea fell a quarrelling one with another and one Party sought to the Boeotians for Aid and the other to the Athenians and so a War broke out throughout all Euboea But tho' there were many light Skirmishes amongst them sometimes the Thebans prevailing and at other times the Athenians yet they never fought any great Battel At length the Island being wasted by this Civil War and many Men destroy'd all over the Land with much ado being made more wise by their own Slaughters they came to an Agreement and so concluded a Peace And the Boeotians returning home laid down their Arms. The Athenians now fell into a War call'd The Social War which continu'd three Years The Social War upon the account of the Defection of the Chians Rhodians them of Coos and the Byzantines To which War Chares and Chabrias were sent with an Army as Generals Making against * Chius of the same Name with the Island Chius they found the Chians assisted by the Byzantines Rhodians Choians and Mausolus the petty King of †Cana in Lesser Asia Cana. These Generals dividing their Forces besieg'd the City both by Sea and Land Chares commanded the Land-Forces and assaulted the Walls and fought with them of the Garrison in the open Field who made Sallies upon him But Chabrias was engag'd in a sharp Fight at Sea in the very Harbour and his Ant. Ch. 356. Ship being pierc'd through with the Beaks of the Enemy's he was greatly distress'd And those who were in the other Ships thought fit to comply with the Time and so fairly ran away But the Admiral chusing rather to die gloriously than give up all dishonourably in defending of his Ship receiv'd a Wound which put an end to his Ant. Ch. 356. Life About the same time Philip King of Macedon after his Victory over the Illyrians in that great Battel having subdu'd all them that dwelt as far as to the Marishes of Lychnitides and made with them an Honourable Peace return'd into Macedonia And having thus by his Valour rais'd up and supported the tottering State and Condition of the Macedonians his Name became great and famous among them Afterwards being provok'd by the many Injuries of them of Amphipolis he march'd against them with a great Army and applying his Engines of Battery to the Walls made fierce and continual Assaults and by the Battering Rams threw down part of the Wall and entred into the City through the Ruins with the slaughter of many that oppos'd him and forthwith banish'd those that were his chiefest Enemies and graciously spar'd all the rest This City by reason of its commodious Situation in Thrace and Neighbourhood to other Places was of great advantage to Philip For he presently after took Pydna but made a League with the Olynthians and promis'd to give up to them Potidaea which they had a long time before much coveted For in regard the City of the Olynthians was both Rich Potent
Ground Halicarnassus taken Then he order'd part of his Army to march further up into the Country in order to force other Provinces to his Obedience these Forces valiantly brought under the Power of Alexander all the Nations as far as to the Borders of the Greater Phrygia and forc'd Ant. Ch. 332. them to find Provision for their Army Alexander himself subdu'd all the Sea Coast of Asia to Cilicia gaining many Cities by Surrender and taking several Forts and Castles by Storm amongst which there was one that was taken after a wonderful manner which by reason of the Rarity of the Thing is not to be pass'd over In the utmost Borders of Lycia the Marmarensians who inhabited upon a great Rock and well fortifi'd set upon the Rear of Alexander's Amy in their March thither and slew many of the Macedonians and carry'd away a great number of Prisoners and Carriage-Horses At which the King was so inrag'd that he resolv'd to besiege the Place and us'd his utmost Endeavour to gain it But the * Or Marmarians Marmarensians trusting to their own Valour and the Strength of the Place manfully endur'd the Siege for they were assaulted two Days together without any intermission and were assur'd that the King would not stir thence till he had taken the Rock The ancient Men therefore at the first advis'd the Younger to forbear standing it out with such Violence and to make Peace with the King upon as good Conditions as they could which when they deny'd and all resolv'd to part with their Lives and the Liberties of their Country together the graver Men then advis'd them to kill all the old Men Women and Children and that those that were strong and able to defend themselves should break through their Enemies Camp in the Night and flee to the next Mountains The young Men approv'd of the Councel and The strange Resolution of the Marmarians thereupon an Edict was made That every one should go to his own House and Eat and Drink plentifully with his Wife Children and Relations and then expect the Execution of the Decree But some of the young Men who were more considerate than the rest who were about Six hundred in the whole judg'd it more Advisable to forbear Ant. Ch. 332. killing their own Kindred and Relations with their own Hands but rather set the Houses on fire and then to sally out at the Gates and make to the Mountains for their Security This was presently taken to and the Thing put in execution and so every Man's House became his Sepulchre And the young Men themselves broke through the midst of their Enemies and fled to the Hills near at hand And these were the chief Things done this Year CHAP. III. Mytelen taken by Memnon Darius his General His Successes He dies Charidemus the Athenian unjustly put to Death by Darius Alexander falls sick recover'd by Philippus Alexander seizes Alexander of Lyncestas upon his Mother's Letters Alexander takes Issus The memorable Battel at Issus where the Mother Wife Two Daughters and Son of Darius were taken Alexander's noble Carriage towards them Darius's Letters and Offers to Alexander Darius prepares another Army BUT in the following Year wherein Nicocrates was chief Governor of Athens and Olymp. 3. 4. Ant. Ch. 331. An. M. 3617. Cesus Valerius and Lucius Papirius succeeded in the Consular Dignity at Rome Darius sent a great Sum of Money to Memnon and declar'd him General of all his Forces Hereupon he rais'd great Numbers of Men from all Parts and fitting out a Navy of Three hundred Sail set himself with all diligence to the prosecution of the War To that end he brought in Chius to join with him Then he sail'd to Lesbos and presently took Antissa Mythimnus Pyrrhus and Erissus But for * Mitylene besieg'd and taken by Memnon in the Island Lesbos Mitylene and †Lesbos a City in Lesbos Lesbos because it was much larger and strongly Garison'd and well provided he gain'd it not without many Assaults and the Loss of many of his Men though he took it at length with much ado The Fame of this Action being presently nois'd abroad many of the Cyclade Islands sent Ambassadors to him to make Leagues with him Then there was a Report spread abroad that Memnon with his whole Fleet was intending to invade Eabaea which put all the Cities into a great Consternation And some of the Graecians being come into the Confederacy of the Persians were hearten'd in hopes of a change of their Affairs for the better Besides Memnon had corrupted many of the Greeks with Money to sail in the same Bottom with the Persians But Fortune put a stop to the Progress of this Man's Success for he fell sick of a mortal Distemper and dv'd and by his Death the Memnon dies Affaris of Darius went backward For the * Of Persia King hop'd to have transferr'd the whole Weight of the War out of Asia into Europe But when he heard of the Death of Memnon he call'd his Friends together and ask'd their Advice Whether he should send a General with the Army or go himself in Person and try his Fortune with the Macedonians Some were of Opinion for the King to go himself for that they said the Persians would then with more chearfulness venture their Lives But Charidemus the Athenian who was in great Esteem for his Valour and Prudence as a General for under Philip he gain'd a great Reputation and was his chief and principal Adviser in all his weighty Affairs advis'd Darius not to lay the Kingdom rashly at stake but still to continue Lord of Asia and keep the Government in his own Hand and to appoint an Experienc'd General to manage the Concerns of the War And he told him that an Hundred thousand Men of which Number a Third Part to be Mercenaries out of Greece were sufficient for the Expedition and engag'd that he would see the Thing accomplish'd The King at the first agreed to what he said But his Friends peremptorily rejected this Advice suspecting that Charidemus sought for the chief Ant. Ch. 331. Command out of design to give up all into the Power of the Macedonians Hereupon Charidemus was in such a Rage as that he call'd them all Cowards With which Words the King was much more offended than before and whereas Anger never suffers a Man to consider wisely before hand Darius orders him to be bound in a Belt which is the manner of the Persians and delivers him to his Guard to be put to Death Who when he was leading to Execution cry'd out That the King would in a short time repent of what he had done in this Matter and would be punish'd for that unjust Judgment against him by the loss of his Kingdom Thus fell Charidemus from the top of all his Hopes and Expectations Charidemus unjustly put to Death by Darius through the unseasonable Liberty of his Tongue But the King as
of Wounds and as various and sharp Contests for Victory Oxathres a Persian and Brother of Darius a very valiant Man as soon as he saw Alexander make so fiercely at Darius was resolv'd to undergo the same Fortune with his Brother and therefore charges Alexander's Body with the best of the Horse he could make choice of out of his own Troops and knowing that his Love to his Brother would advance his Fame and Reputation above all other things among the Persians he fought close by his Chariot and with that Courage and Dexterity that he laid many dead at his Feet and inasmuch as the Macedonians were as resolute on the other Side not to move a Foot the dead Bodies rose up in heaps of Carkasses round about the Chariot of Darius And being that every one strove to lay hold on the King both Sides fought with great Obstinacy without any regard of their Lives In this Conflict many of the Persian Nobility were slain amongst whom were Antixyus and Rheomitus and Tasiaces the Lord Lieutenant of Egypt And many of the Macedonians likewise and Alexander himself compass'd round by the Enemy was wounded in the Thigh The Chariot-Horses of Darius receiving many Wounds and frighted with the multitude of Carkasses that lay round in Heaps about them grew so unruly that they had hurri'd Darius into the Ant. Ch. 331. midst of his Enemies if he had not in this Extremity catch'd hold of the Reins himself being forc'd thus to make bold with the Laws of the Persians in debasing the Majesty of the Persian Kings In the mean time his Servants brought to him another Chariot and a great hurly burly there was while he was ascending this insomuch as Darius himself by the Enemy pressing hard upon him was in a great Terror and Consternation Which when some of the Persians discern'd they began first to fly the Horse that were next following the Example of their Fellows and at length all made away as fast as they could The Places being narrow and strait in their hast they trod down one another and many perish'd without a Stroke of the Enemy for they lay on Heaps some with their Arms Alexander gets the Victory at Issus others without them some held their naked Swords as long in their Hands as that their Fellow-Soldiers ran themselves upon them and so were slain But many got away into the open Plain and by the swiftness of their Horses escap'd to the several Cities of the Allies During this time the * Battalion about Eight thousand Feet Macedonian Phalanx and the Persian Foot fought a while for the Flight of the Horse was the Preludium to the Victory The Barbarians therefore taking to their Heels and so many Thousands making away through the same Straits all Places thereabouts were in a short time cover'd with dead Carcasses But the Persians by the advantage of the Night got away here and there into several Places of shelter The Macedonians therefore left off the Pursuit and betook themselves to the rifling of The Macedonians rifle the Persian's Tents the Camp especially the King's Pavillion because there were the richest Booties so that there was found and carry'd thence vast Sums of Gold and Silver and exceeding rich Garments and Furniture an abundance likewise of Treasure belonging to his Friends and Kindred and the Commanders of his Army For the Wives not only from the Ant. Ch. 331. King's Houshold but from the Families of his Kindred and Attendants mounted in Chariots glittering with Gold according to the Custom of the Persians accompany'd the Camp in their march from place to place And every one of these through their Luxury and Delicateness to which they had commonly inur'd themselves carry'd with them abundance of rich Furniture and a multitude of beautiful Women But the captive Ladies The miserable Condition of the Persian Ladies were then in a most miserable Condition For they who before by reason of their Nicety could scarcely be plac'd in their stately Chariots so as to please them and had their Bodies so attir'd as that no Air might touch them now rent their Garments in pieces and scarce with one simple Veil to cover their Nakedness threw themselves shrieking out of their Chariots and with their Eyes and Hands lifted up to Heaven cast themselves down at the Feet of the Conquerors Some with their trembling Hands pull'd off all their Jewels and Ornaments from their own Bodies and ran up steep Rocks and craggy Places with their Hair flying about their Ears and thus meeting in Throngs together some call'd for Help from those who wanted the Relief of others as much as themselves Some were dragg'd along by the Hair of their Heads others were stripp'd Ant. Ch. 331. naked and then kill'd and sometimes cudgell'd to death with the heavy end of the Soldiers Lances Nay even all manner of Disgrace and Contempt was pour'd upon the Glory of the Persians so famous and honourable heretofore all the World over But the more sober and moderate of the Macedonians seeing that strange Turn of Fortune much pity'd the Condition of those miserable Creatures who had lost every thing that was near and dear to them in this World and were now environ'd with nothing but Strangers and Enemies and fallen into miserable and dishonourable Captivity But the Mother of Darius and his Wife and two Daughters now Marriageable and his little Darius his Mother Wife two Daughters and Son taken Son especially drew Tears from the Eyes of the Beholders For their sad change of Fortune and the greatness of their sudden and unexpected Calamity presented thus to their view could not but move them to a compassionate Resentment of their present Condition For as yet it was not known whether Darius was alive or dead And in the mean time * The Women-Captives Darius his Wife Children Mother they perceiv'd his Tent pillag'd and rifled by arm'd Men who knew no difference of Persons and therefore committed many indecent and unworthy Actions and saw likewise all Asia brought under the Power of a Conquering Sword as well as themselves The Wives of the Governors of the Provinces that fell at * of the Queen and Queen-Mother of Persia their Feet to beg Protection were so far from finding Relief that they themselves earnestly pray'd them to rescue them out of their present Calamity Alexander's Servants having possess'd themselves of Darius his Tents prepar'd the Tables and Baths which were us'd by Darius himself and lighted up many Lamps in expectation of the King that in his return from the pursuit he might take possession of all the Furniture of Darius as an earnest of the Empire and Government of all Asia Of the Barbarians there fell in this Battel above an Hundred and twenty thousand Foot and no fewer Ant. Ch. 331. than Ten thousand Horse Of the Macedonians Three hunded Foot and an Hundred and fifty Horse And this was the Issue of the
Forces for the carrying on of the War Alexander therefore having possess'd himself of the City and the King's Treasures found there above Forty thousand Talents of uncoin'd Gold and Silver The Kings had preserv'd this Treasure untouch'd for many Ages that it might be ready to resort to in case of some sudden and unexpected Turn of Fortune Besides this there was likewise Nine thousand Talents in coin'd Money call'd Daricks While Alexander was taking an Account of this Wealth there happen'd something that was very Remarkable The Throne whereon he sate being too high for him so that his Feet could not touch the Footstool one of the King's Boys observing it brought Darius his Table and plac'd it under his Feet with which the King was very well pleas'd and commended his Care But one of the Eunuchs standing at the side of the Throne much concern'd and griev'd at such a change of Fortune burst out into Tears Which Alexander perceiving What Ill dost thou see says he that thou weepest so To whom he answer'd I was once Darius his Servant Ant. Ch. 328. now I am yours but because I cannot but love my natural Lord and Master I am not able without extream Sorrow to see that Table put to so base and mean a Use which by him was so lately grao'd and honour'd The King upon this Answer reflecting upon the strange Change of the Persian Monarchy began to consider that he had acted the part of a Proud and Insulting Enemy not becoming that Humanity and Clemency which ought to be shewn towards Captives and therefore he commanded him who plac'd the Table there to take it away But Philotas standing near to him said It is not Pride or Insolency O King being done without your Command but it falls out to be so through the Providence and Pleasure of some good Genius Upon which the King order'd the Table to remain where it was looking upon it as some happy Omen After this he order'd some Masters to attend upon Darius his Mother his Daughters and Son to instruct them in the Greek Tongue and left them at Susa And he himself march'd away with the whole Army and after four Decampments came to the River Tigris which rising out of the Uxian Mountains runs first through a rough and craggy Country full of large and wide Channels for the space of a Thousand Furlongs thence it passes through a Champion Country with a more gentle Current and having made its way for the space of Six hundred Furlongs it empties it self into the Persian Sea Alexander having pass'd the River march'd towards the most fruitful Country of the Uxians For being water'd in every part it plentifully produces Fruits of all sorts and kinds of which being in their proper Season dri'd in the Time of Autumn they make Ant. Ch. 328. all sorts of Sweetmeats Sauces and other Compositions both for necessary Use and Pleasure and the Merchants convey them down the River Tygris to Babylon He found all the Passes strongly guarded by Madates who was near related in Kindred to Darius and had with him a strong and well-disciplin'd Army Whilst Alexander was viewing the Strength of the Places and could find out no Passage through those steep Rocks an Inhabitant of the Country who was well acquainted with those Ways promis'd Alexander that he would lead his Soldiers through such a strait and difficult Path-way as that they should stand at length over the Heads of their Enemies Hereupon the King order'd a small Party to go along with him He himself in the mean time us'd his utmost Endeavour to force his Way and for that purpose set upon the Guards and while they were hotly engag'd fresh Men still supplying the Room of them that were weary and the Barbarians disorderd and running here annothere in the Engagement on a sudden the Soldiers that were sent away appear'd over the Heads of the Guards that kept the Passages upon which they were so amaz'd that they forthwith fled and so the King gain'd the Pass and presently all the Cities throughout all Uxiana were brought into Subjection Thence he decamp'd and march'd towards Persia and the Fifth Day came to a Place call'd he Susian Râ—cks which were before possess'd by Ariobarzanes with Five and twenty thousand Foot and Three hundred Horse The King concluding that he must gain the Pass by force led his Troops through some of the strait and craggy Places without any Resistance the Barbarians never offer'd to disturb him till he came the mid-way and then on a sudden they bestirr'd themselves and threw down great Numbers of massy Stones upon the Heads of the Macedonians and destroy'd Multitudes of them Many cast their Darts from the Rocks above upon them which fail'd not to do Execution falling among Ant. Ch. 328. such a Throng of Men together Others with Hand-stones repuls'd the Macedonians that were forcing to break in upon them so that by reason of the Difficulty of the Places the Barbarians so far prevail'd as to kill Multitudes and wound as many Alexander not being able to prevent this sad and miserable Slaughter and perceiving that not one of the Enemy fell or was so much as hurt and that many of his own Men were slain and almost all that led the Van were wounded he sounded a Retreat and march'd back Three hundred Furlongs and then encamp'd Then he enquir'd of the Inhabitants whether there was any other Way to pass who all answer'd That there was none but that he must go round many Days Journey But the King looking upon it as a Dishonourable Thing to leave the Bodies of them that were slain unbury'd and as disgraceful and even owning himself to be conquer'd by treating for Liberty to bury the Dead he commanded the Captives as many as were there at hand to be brought to him Among these there was one that understood both the Persian and Greek Tongue who declar'd that he was a Lycian and sometime ago made a * Bâ— the Persians Prisoner at War and that for several Years last past he had exercis'd the calling of a Shepherd in those Neighbouring Mountains and by that means had perfect knowledge of the Country and told the King that he could lead the Army through the Woods and bring them directly upon the Backs of them that guarded the Passes Hearing this the King promis'd the Man a large Reward who thereupon so conducted him that in the Night with great Labour and Toil he got to the top of the Mountains for he drail'd through abundance of Snow and past through a Country full of steep Rocks deep Gulphs and many Vallies Having march'd through this Tract as soon as he came in sight of the Guards he presently kill'd the first and took those Prisoners that were plac'd in the next Pass The third Guard presently fled and so he gain'd all into his own Power and cut off the greatest part of Ariobarzanes his Army Thence he march'd towards
were sound But after that they came to understand that the Canopy plac'd upon the Chariot was the Occasion of his Death every one concluded that the Prophecy was fulfill'd But this shall suffice concerning the Affairs of the Bosphorus In Italy the Roman Consuls enter'd the Country of the * In the Greek Italy is for Samnium and Italium for Talium Samnites with an Army and P. 746. routed them in a Battel at Talius But the routed Party afterwards possessing themselves of an Hill and the Night drawing on the Romans retreated to their Camp but the next day the Fight was renew'd and great numbers of the Samnites were slain and above Two thousand and Two hundred were taken Prisoners The Romans being thus successful now quietly enjoy'd whatever they had in the open Field and brought under all the revolting Cities and plac'd Garisons in Cataracta and Ceraunia Places they had taken by Assault and others they reduc'd upon Terms and Conditions CHAP. II. The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and elsewhere Polysperchon murders Hercules Alexander ' s Son by Instigation of Cassander Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians His Head sent to Agathocles in Africa The Transactions in Sicily Archagathus Agathocles ' s Son kills Lysiscus he and his Son in in great Danger by the Army Affairs in Italy The Works of Appius Claudius the Appian Way Ptolemy comes to Corinth his Acts there Cleopatra Alexander ' s Sister kill'd by the Governor of Sardis The further Acts of Agathocles in Africa Ophellas decoy'd and cut off by Agathocles Ophellas his troublesome March to Agathocles Lamias ' s Cruelty and the Story of her Bomilcar seeks to be Prince of Carthage but is put to Death by the Citizens Agathocles sends the Spoils of the Cyrenians to Syracuse most lost in a Storm Affairs in Italy WHen Demetrius Phalerius was Lord Chancellor of Athens Quintus Fabius the second Olymp. 117. 4. Ant. Ch. 307. time and Caius Martius were invested with the Consular Dignity at Rome At that time Ptolemy King of Egypt hearing that his Captains had lost all the Cities again in Cilicia put over with his Fleet to Phaselis and took that City by Force and from thence The Acts of Ptolemy in Cilicia and other Places Ant. Ch. 307. passing into Lycia took Xanthus by Assault and the Garison of Antigonus that was therein Then sailing to Caunus took the City by Surrender and then set upon the Citadels and Forts that were in it and took them by Assaults As for Heracleum he utterly destroy'd it and the City Persicum came into his Hands by the Surrender of the Soldiers that were put to keep it Then sailing to Coos he sent for Ptolemy the Captain who was Antigonus his Brother's Son and had an Army committed to him by Antigonus But now forsaking his Uncle he clave to Ptolemy and join'd with him in all his Affairs Putting therefore from Cholcis and arriving at Coos Ptolemy the King at first receiv'd him very courteously yet after a while when he saw the Insolency of his Carriage and how he went to allure the Officers by Gifts and held secret Cabals with them for fear of the worst he clap'd him up in Prison and there poison'd him with a Draught of Hemlock As for the Soldiers that came with him he made them his own by large Promises and distributed them by small Parcels among his Army Whilst these Things were acting Polysperchon having rais'd a great Army restor'd Hercules the Son of Alexander begotten upon Barsinoe to his Father's Kingdom And while he lay encamp'd at Stymphalia Cassander came up with his Army and both encamp'd near one to another Neither did the Macedonians grudge to see the Restoration of their King Cassander therefore fearing lest the Macedonians who are naturally Inconstant should Revolt to Hercules sent an Agent to Polysperchon chiefly to advise him concerning the Business Ant. Ch. 307. of the King If the King was restor'd he told him he must be sure to be under the Commands of others but if he would assist him and kill the young Man he should enjoy the same Privileges and Honours in Macedonia that ever he had before And besides that he should have the Command of an Army that he should be declar'd Generalissimo of Peloponnesus and that he should share in the Principality and be in equal Honour with Cassander At length he so caught and ensnar'd Polysperchon with many large Promises that they enter'd into a secret Combination and Polysperchon undertook to murder the young King which he accordingly effected upon which Polysperchon openly Polysperchon betrays and murders Hercules by Cassander ' s Instigation join'd with Cassander in all his Concerns and was advanced in Macedonia and receiv'd according to the Compact Four thousand Macedonian Foot and Five hundred Thessalian Horse and having listed several other Voluntiers he attempted to pass through Boeotia into Peloponnesus But being oppos'd by the Boeotians and the Peloponnesians he was forc'd to retire and march into Locris where he took up his Winter-Quarters During these Transactions Lysimachus built a City in Chersonesus and call'd it after his own Name Lysimachia Cleomenes King of Lacedaemon now dy'd when he had reign'd Threescore Years and Ten Months and was succeeded by Aretas his Son who Rul'd P. 747. Forty Four Years About this time Amilcar General of the Forces in Sicily having reduc'd the rest of that Amilcar taken and put to Death by the Syracusians Ant. Ch. 307. Island marches with his Army to Syracuse as if he would presently gain that City by force of Arms and to that end hindred all Provision from the Town having been a long time Master at Sea and having wasted and destroy'd all the Corn and other Fruits of the Field attempted to possess himself of all the Places about * A strong Fort near the Temple of Jupiter Olympus Olympias lying before the Town Then he resolv'd forthwith to assault the Walls being incourag'd thereunto by the Augur who by viewing of the Intrals of the Sacrifice foretold that he should certainly sup the next day in Syracuse But the Townsmen smelling out the Enemies Design sent out in the night Three thousand Foot and about Four hundred Horse with Orders to possess themselves of * Or Euryalus a Fort upon the highest Point of the Hill over the City call'd the Epipole Euryclus who presently effected what they were commanded to do The Carthaginians thinking to surprize the Enemy fell on about midnight Amilcar commanded the whole Body and led them up having always a strong Party near to support him Dinocrates Master of the Horse follow'd him The Army was divided into two Battalions one of Barbarians and the other of Grecian Confederates A Rabble likewise of divers other Nations follow'd to get what Plunder they could which sort of People as they are of no use in an Army so they are many times the cause of sudden
Ch. 307. and fought and routed the Hetruscans and pursu'd them to their very Camp About ' the same time the Samnites when the Roman Army was abroad at a great distance without the least fear of an Enemy besieg'd the Japyges Allies to the Romans Therefore the Consuls were forc'd to divide their Forces Fabius continu'd in Hetruria but Marcius march'd against the Samnites and took the City of Allita by Storm and freed their Allies from the Siege of Japyges But Fabius while the Hetrurians flock'd in great multitudes to besiege Sutrium slipt secretly by the Enemy through the bordering Country and made an Incursion into the Higher Hetruria which had for a long time been free from all manner of Inroads and Invasions where breaking in upon the sudden he wasted and harass'd the Country up and down and routed those of the Inhabitants that made head against him and kill'd many of them and took a great number of Prisoners Afterwards he overcame and kill'd many of them in another Battel at a Place call'd Perusia and put that People into a great Consternation He was the first of the Romans that ever enter'd with an Army into those Parts But he made Peace with the Arretines and Crotoneans and them of Perusina and taking the City call'd Castula he forc'd the Hetrurians to raise their Siege before Sutrium This Year there were two Censors created at Rome the one of whom was Appius Claudius who with the concurrence of his Collegue Caius Plautius abrogated many of the ancient Laws For to gratifie the People he made no account of the Senate He brought Water which was from him call'd Appia into Rome from Places * About 10 miles fourscore Furlongs distant P. 751. and expended a vast Sum of Money in this Work receiv'd out of the Treasury by Consent of the Senate Then he laid a Causey of hard Stone the greatest part of that way which is from him call'd Appia extending from Rome to Capua a * About 120 miles Thousand Furlongs An 〈…〉 Ch. 307. The Appian 〈◊〉 and upwards and with great Costs and Expence levell'd all the rising Grounds and fill'd up all the Holes and hollow Places making all even and plain but hereby drain'd the Treasury almost of all the Money that was in it And by this his laying out of himself in promoting the Publick Good he left behind him an immortal Memorial He also made up the Senate not only of the Nobility as the ancient Custom was but likewise of the * Such as had been Slaves and were see free Libertines by chusing many of them and mixing them with the other which the Patritians took very heinously Moreover he gave liberty to the Citizens to incorporate themselves into what Tribe they thought fit and to be tax'd in what Rank soever they pleas'd At length perceiving how greatly he was envy'd by the Nobility he avoided the Storm by insinuating himself into the favour of the Common People and making use of them as a Bulwark against the Envy of the Patricians In must ' ring of the Horse he never took any Mans Horse from him neither ever remov'd any Person never so mean out of the Senate that was once chosen when he took an account of the Senators which the Censors us'd to do But the Consuls both out of Envy and to gratifie the Nobility conven'd a Senate of such as were inroll'd by the former Censors and not those that were allow'd by him But the People oppos'd them and sided with Appius and that he might confirm the Advancement of such as were but of mean and obscure Birth he preferr'd one Cains Flavius the Son of a Libertine to the Office of Aedilis and to the highest Place in that Office And this was the first Roman born of a Libertine that ever before was advanc'd to that Honourable Station Appius at length being remov'd out of his Office out of fear of the Senate's Malice kept his House under pretence of being blind Now Charinus was Chief Governor at Athens and the Romans created Publius Decius and Olym. 118. 1. Ant. Ch. 306. An. M. 3642. The Acts of Ptolemy in Corinth and other places Quintus Fabius Consuls And at Elis was celebrated the Hundred and eighteenth Olympiad in which Apollonides of Tegeata bore away the Prize At which time Ptolemy sailing from Myndus along the Islands which lay in his way came to Andros and putting out the Garison that was there restor'd it to her former Liberty Thence he sail'd to the Isthmus and receiv'd Sicyon and Corinth from Cratesipolis But for what reasons and upon what account he took these eminent Cities into his hands we have related in the former Books and therefore we shall forbear repetition He design'd also to restore the rest of the Greek Cities to their Liberties judging that by gaining the Hearts of the Grecians he should very much promote his own Interest But when the Peloponnesians were order'd to provide Money and Victuals but perform'd nothing of what they had agreed to he was so incens'd that he made Peace with Cassander upon this Condition That each of them should retain those Cities they had then in their hands Then having put Garisons into Sicyon and Corinth he return'd into Aegypt In the mean time * Alexander's 〈◊〉 Ant. Ch. 306. Cleopatra being incens'd against Antigonus of her own accord inclin'd to Ptolemy and left Sardis to go to him She was Sister of Alexander the Conqueror of the Persians the Daughter of Philip Son of Amyntas and the Wise of Alexander who undertook an Expedition into Italy And therefore upon the account of the Nobleness of her Birth Cassander Lysunachus Antigonus and Ptolemy and even the Chiefest of Alexander's Captains after his death were every one ambitious to marry her For every one hop'd by this Marriage to draw all the the Macedonians after them and therefore P. 752. each coveted to be related to the Royal Family looking upon that as the way to gain the Sovereign Power and Command over all the rest But the Governour of Sardis whom Antigonus had commanded to retain Cleopatra stopt her Journey and afterwards by Order from Antigonus with the help of some Women privily murther'd her But Antigonus Cleopatra kill'd by the Governour of Sardis who would no ways be thought guilty of her death struck off the Heads of some of those Women for having a hand in her Murder and bury'd her with all the Magnificence that might be And such was the end of Cleopatra before any Solemnization of Marriage who was earnestly coveted as a Wife by all the most Noble Captains and Generals of the Army Having now gone through the Affairs of Asia and Greece we shall pass over to other Parts of the World In Africa the Carthaginians sent an Army against the Numidians who had revolted from them in order to reduce them Upon which Agathocles left his Son Archagathus with Ant. Ch. 306. Agathocles
in which were carri'd about Forty thousand Soldiers together with Horse and Auxiliaries from the Pirats Besides there were on Board abundance of all sorts of Darts Arrows and other Engines fit for the carrying on of an Assault And along with all these there follow'd almost a Thousand Vessels belonging to private Men full of Wares and Merchandize And whereas the Country of the Rhodians had been free from all devastations for many years together a vast multitude of men that had inricht themselves by the losses of others in the War flockt thither from all places Demetrius therefore drawing up his Fleet in a line of Battle as ready prepar'd for a Sea sight commanded his Men of War Ant. Ch. 303. which carri'd Engines upon their Fore Castles to cast Darts and Arrows of three spans long to sail before and the Transport Ships and such as had Horses on board they that row'd in lesser Vessels tow'd after them by Cable Ropes In the Rear came the Pirats Vessels and a numerous Company as is before said of Merchants Ships loaden with Corn and other Provisions so that all the Sea between them and the Island and opposite shoar seem'd to be cover'd over with Ships which struck a great Terror and Amazement into those that had the prospect from the City For the Rhodian Soldiers who were plac'd upon the Walls there waited for the Enemies approach the old Men and Women likewise had a prospect of them from the tops of their Houses for the City was in its situation like a Theater and all being amaz'd and terrifi'd with the greatness of the Fleet and glittering of the Arms were in no small perplexity for all they had in this World was now lying at stake Demetrius now at last arriv'd at the Island and Landed his Men and then encampt Rhodes bes 〈…〉 by Demetrius near the City but not within the Cast of a Dart which done he forthwith sent out some of the Pirats and others fit for the purpose to spoil and pillage all before them both by Sea and Land He cut down also all the Trees of the Country next adjoining and raz'd the Towns and with the Timber and materials from thence he fortifi'd his Camp drawing round it a treble Trench and many great and strong Ramparts so that by the misery and losses of the Enemy he effectually provided for his Armies security Then by the labour of his whole Army and the Seamen that came along with him in a few daies he took in with a Rampart of Earth all that part of Ground lying between his Landing place and the City and inlarg'd the Haven for the more commodious Ant. Ch. 300. riding of his Ships In the mean time the Rhodians sent Ambassadors to him intreating him he would not do any thing that might be irreparable But when they perceiv'd he would not hearken to any Terms laying aside all hopes of composing matters they sent Messengers to Ptolemy Lysimachus and Cassander praying their assistance because that War was made upon them upon their account Both Inhabitants that were not Free of the City and Foreigners lately come in were admitted to take up Arms if they thought fit for defence of the place the rest of the Rabble tha were useless they put forth out of the City both to prevent scarcity of Provision and lest any uneasie under the present Circumstances they were in should betray the Town Then taking an account of the number of them in Arms they found there were of the Citizens Six thousand of Inhabitants and strangers One thousand They made likewise a Decree that all Servants that had approv'd themselves honest and faithful in all hazards and dangers P. 776. should be bought off from their Masters and set free and inroll'd into the number of the Citizens Then a Proclamation was made that whosoever di'd in the War should be buri'd at the publick charge and that his Parents and Children should be maintain'd out of the City Treasury that Portions should be given to the Daughters out of the publick stock and that the Sons when they were grown up should be crown'd and adorn'd in the Theater at the time of the Festivals of Bacchus with all sorts of Arms and Armour With these promises all were presently excited to stand to it to the last and Ant. Ch. 303. indure the utmost extremity and then they made it their business as far as it was possible to provide all other things that were necessary for all being unanimous the Rich brought in their Money and the Smiths and other workmen earnestly set themselves to the making of Arms and all were so intent upon their business that every one strove to exceed each other Some therefore imploi'd themselves in making Engines to cast Darts and shoot stones and others in making and preparing other things same repair'd the Walls where they were defective and many loaded men with stones to carry to the Walls They sent out likewise Three swift sailing Vessels against the Enemy and the Merchants that brought them in Provision These setting on them upon a sudden sunk many of the Merchant Ships who were gone ashore to rob and spoil the Country and burnt no few that were driven up to land and what they receiv'd for the Redemption of Captives they brought with them back into the City For the Rhodians had agreed with Demetrius what the value of Redemption on both sides should be that is for every Freeman a Thousand Drachma's and for every Servant and Bondman Five hundred Demetrius being furnish'd with plenty of all things necessary for the making of Engines began to make two call'd Testudo's the one against the Engines Ant. Ch. 303. that cast stones and the other against those that shot Darts and Arrows these they plac'd upon the Foredecks of two Transport Ships which mov'd from place to place and were chain'd close together He likewise made two Towers four stories high apiece higher than those Turrets belonging to the Town in the Harbour both which likewise were plac'd upon two Ships of equal height and joyn'd one to another that both might be equally ballast when they were forc'd forward He built likewise a Rampart upon a Fore footed piece of Timber nail'd together to float upon the Water in order to beat off the Enemy in any Attack they might make upon the Ships where the Engins were plac'd At the same time while he was making these he got together a Number of the strongest Water Boats and fenc'd them with Boards and Planks round and made Loop-holes in the sides to shut at pleasure and in these he plac'd Engines to shoot Darts and Arrows of three spans long at a great distance together with such Soldiers as knew very well how to make use of them and with them some Cretian Archers Coming up therefore with his Ships within the Cast of a Dart he sorely gall'd the Townsmen with his Darts and Arrows being the Engines in
into the Lists Having gain'd great Experience and an Habit. 3. Menodotus the Corinthian writ the Affairs of Greece in 14 Books And Sosilus the * A People in the Island of Corcyra or Corfu What a Lagiâ—n is Ilian the Acts of Hannibal in Seven 4. Among the Romans a Legion consists of 5000 Men. 5. Men naturally flock to them that are in prosperity but insult over those that are brought into Distress For the Soul presently to undergo a meer contrary Change which is in its own nature unchangeable 6. The City of Rhodes being ruin'd by a great Earthquake Hiero the Syracusian bestow'd Earthquake in Rhodes Six Talents of Silver towards the repairing of the Walls and Silver Cauldrons of great value besides Money And let them have Corn to Transport free from Custom 7. That which is now call'd Philopolis was heretofore call'd Phiotis of Thebes over all Thessaly 8 For sost Beds constant delicate Fare and the use of all sorts of precious Ointments unfitted them for toil and hardship For both their Bodies and Minds were habituated to Effeminacy and Luxuriousness For Men naturally can hardly brook Toil and Pains and low Diet but delight in Idleness and Luxury For Hannibal with much Toil and Care gain'd Cities both from the Romans and Brutians and took Crotona and Besieg'd Rhegium For from Hercules Pillars in the West to Crotona he over-ran all the Roman Territories Fragments out of the Books of Diodorus the Sicilian that are lost as they are in Photius his Bibliotheca Out of the 31st BOOK 1. VVHile these things were doing Ambassadors came to Rome from Rhodes to beg pardon for what they had done For in the War against Perseus they had seem'd to favour the King and to break their League with the Romans But not being able to accomplish any thing for which they were sent they were greatly dejected and solicited with Tears the great and principal Men of the City Whereupon being introduc'd into the Senate by Antonius one of the Tribunes of the People Philophron was the first that open'd the matter and business of their Embassy And after him Astimedes when they had made many Arguments and apt Discourses to prevail with the Senate and at last according to the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sung the Swans Song Proverb had with the Swan concluded their mournful Ditty they receiv'd an answer which presently freed from their fears However they were sharply reprov'd and fin'd for their Offences So that it is evident how the most noble among the Romans by whom the greatest Affairs are manag'd strive which shall be most generous and upon that account gain most Honour and Reputation For in the Administration of publick Affairs elsewhere one envies another But the Romans praise and commend one another So that while all endeavour to advance the publick Good great and glorious things are Atchiev'd but as to others while they aim only at their own vain Glory and envy the Successes one of another they ruin their Country 2. At length Aemilius took Perseus the last King of Macedonia who had often enter'd Olymp. 154. 1. The miserable condition of Perseus King of Macedon into a League with the Romans and as often appear'd in the Field with great Armies against them And after the Victory Aemilius Triumph'd gloriously And tho' Perseus was brought into so great miseries and calamities as that the ruins and destructions which he suffer'd can scarce be parallel'd by any Romance yet was he not willing to part with his Life For before the Senate had determin'd any thing relating to his punishment * One of the City Praetors one of the chief Officers of the City cast both him and his Children into the Goal Albinus This Prison is a deep Dungeon of the bigness of a Chamber capable of 9 Beds at the most Dark and full of all sorts of filth and nastiness by reason of the multitude of Men Condemn'd for capital Offences that from time to time were thrust down there and generally most of such Malefactors were put into this Place So that many being shut up together in so strait a place those miserable Creatures were even turn'd into Beasts And in regard the Meat Drink and other necessaries which were brought them were jumbled together into one Chaos and heap of Confusion there arose thence such a stench that none that came near were able to endure In a most miserable Condition Perseus continu'd here for the space of 7 Days insomuch that he begg'd relief and some share of the Food of those strangers in Prison who had only a stinted allowance They out of compassion to this miserable Man with great humanity and tears in their Eyes gave him part of that small pittance they had and withall offer'd him a Sword and a Rope to use which of them he would at his pleasure for the putting an end to his Life Yet nothing seems so sweet as Life even to the miserable tho' they suffer what is equivalent to death it self in the mean time To conclude he had certainly ended his days in this extream misery if Marcus Aemilius President of the Court out of respect to the dignity of his Person mov'd by the natural and innate humanity of the Romans had not with some indignation mov'd the Senate on his behalf putting them in mind that tho' they fear'd not Men yet they should bear some awe and reverence to * 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 Nemesis who will take vengeance on them that use their power with Pride and Insolency Upon this he was committed to a more moderate Confinement and while he was seeding himself with fresh hopes he ended his days agreeable to the former misfortunes of his Life for after he had liv'd 2 Years in this * 〈◊〉 The death of P 〈…〉 s. the Cappadocian Kings fond love of Life having displeas'd his barbarous Keepers they would not suffer him to sleep and so he dy'd 3. The Kings of Cappadocia say that they came from Cyrus King of Persia They affirm likewise that they are descended from one of those Seven Persians that kill'd Magus And they drew down their Pedegree from Cyrus thus That Atossa was the Sister of Cambyses and Daughter of Cyrus That Gallus was the Son of Atossa and Pharnaces King of Cappadocia Smerdis the Son of Gallus and Artames the Son of Smerdis and Artames had issue Anaphas a brave and valian Man who was the Father of one of thâ— Seven Persians In this manner therefore Cr. do they make out their Consanguinity both to Cyrus and to Anaphas who it 's said * For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Valour others say it should be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cowardice was of so stout a Spirit that before he would pay Tribute to the Persians he abdicated his Government of Capadocia After his death Anaphas his Son Reign'd in his stead who dying left his two Sons Ditamus and Arimneus and that Ditamus took
of the Rock Arrianus lib. IV. AFterwards at the beginning of the Spring he Marcht to a Rock to which he heard many of the Sogdians fled and here it was said that the Wife and Daughters of * Curtius calls him Arimares lib. 7. c. 11. â—or by Strabo Oxyartes had plac'd his 〈◊〉 in Sâ—â—mithres Rich in Bactria where Alexander Married â—â—xana one of 〈◊〉 Strabo 〈◊〉 11â— 517. Oxyartes had sheltred themselves For Oxyartes plac'd them here as in a Hold that was Inexpugnable he himself being one that had revolted from Alexander And the King was the more earnest for that this Rock being taken there appeared no Fort left in Sogdia that cou'd incourage them to a Defection When he came to the Rock he found it steep and inaccessable on every side and that the Barbarians had brought in Provision for a long Siege and that the depth of the Snow as it made the Approach of the Maceâ—â—mians more difficult so it furnisht the Barbarians with plenty of Water However Alexander resolv'd to assault the Rock The Proud and Contemptuous answer likewise of the Barbarians stirr'd up Rage and Ambition in Alexander at one and the same time For whereas at a Parly with them he promis'd them that if they would Surrender they should all have liberty to return safely home they barbarously scoffed at him and bid him seek some Soldiers that had Wings who might so take the Rock for they feared no other Mortals Upon which Alexander commanded Proclamation to be made by an Herald that he would bestow 12 Talents as a reward upon him that should first mount the Rock and so the second and the third in their due order should every one receive a reward till it came to the last that ascended the Rock who should receive 300 Daricks the hopes of which reward stirr'd up the Macedonians who were eager before to fall upon them of their own accord Three hundred therefore of those that were accustom'd to climb Rocks being drawn out they furnish'd themselves with Cramp-Irons wherewith they fastned their Tents that they might fix them in the Snow where it was hard Frozen and in other parts of the Rock where there was no Snow and to them they tied strong Cords and in the Night made to that part of the Rock that was steepest and highest and therefore as they conceiv'd least guarded and with the Cramps some fastned in the Rock and others in the Snow that was frozen they scrambled up from place to place 'till they gain'd the Top But of these 30 perish'd in endeavouring to get up so that their Bodies could not be found to be buried being lost in the depth of the Snow the rest about break of day recovered the top and by shaking of the Linnen Cloaths gave notice to the Army that they had gain'd the place for that sign Alexander had commanded them Upon which a Trumpeter was forthwith sent out with command to the Barbarians that they should without any further delay surrender themselves for that he had now found Soldiers that had Wings who had possessed themselves of the top of the Rock and at the same time the Soldiers that had gain'd the Rock presented themselves in view to the Barbarians who being amaz'd at such an unexpected sight supposing them to be more and better arm'd than indeed they were gave up themselves the sight of a few Macedonians was so terrible to ' em There were there taken Prisoners many of the Wives and Children of the Barbarians and amongst them the Wife and Daughters of Oxyartes Oxyartes's Son likewise was about the Age of Nine Years 7. Of the Hunting in Basistis and the multitude of Wild Beasts there Curtius lib. VII c. 1. HAving given a gracious Audience to the Ambassadors he there stayed waiting for Hephestion and Artabazus who being afterwards join'd him he came into the Country call'd Bazaria Of the riches of the Barbarians in those Places there can be no greater argument than the multitude of stately wild Beasts that range in large Woods and Forrests in that Country They frequent spacious Woods pleasantly water'd with many refreshing springs They are Wall'd round in which are built Towers for Stands to view the hunting of the Beasts One of these Chases had remain'd free and untouch'd for the space of Four generations which Alexander entring with his Army he commanded the Game in all parts as he came to be rouz'd amongst which when a Lyon of a vast Bigness met and set upon the King Lâ—simachus who afterwards was * oâ— Thraâ—â— King happening to be next to Alexander offered to make at the Beast with his hunting Spear the King put him by and bid him be gone adding that the Lyon might be kill'd by himself as well as by Lysimachus This Lysimachus had before in a hunting in Syria kill'd an exceeding great Lyon with his own hand but he had been even at the point of Death his lest shoulder having been in that Encounter rent and torn even to the very Bone The King twitting him with this shew'd more of Valour afterwards in action than he did before in this expression for he not only stood the Beast but kill'd him at one blow The story that was foolishly spread abroad that the King gave up Lysimachus to be devoured by a Lyon rose I believe from this accident before related But the Macedonians though the King was thus happily delivered yet according to the Custom of their Country establish'd a Decree that he should not hunt on Foot without a Guard of his Captains and Friends The King having kill'd Four thousand brave wild Beasts feasted with his whole Army in the Forrest 1. Of his Offence against Bacchus and the Murder of Clitus in his Cups Arrianus lib. IV. TO declare in this place the death of Clitus and the foul act of Alexander in that matter though it happned some little time after yet I judge it not altogether out of course The Macedonians it s said have a certain day sacred to Bacchus and Alexander was accustomed to sacrifice to Bacchus every year upon that day but at that time he neglected Bacchus and sacrific'd to Custor and Pollux and from that time he appointed Sacrifice to them with Feasting always at that day And whereas now the Company had been a considerable time quaffing and carouzing for Alexander had now learn'd to imitate the Barbarians in his Cups and all were heated with Wine a discourse happned concerning the * Castor and Pollux Discorides how to derive their Original from Jupiter and set aside that of Tyndarus some who were present to flatter the King which sort of Creatures are ever Pernicious both to the Persons and Concerns of Kings and are ever at hand deliver'd their Judgment that Castor and Pollux were not in the least respect to be compar'd to Alexander and his brave and noble Actions Others in their Cups did not spare Hercules himself but said that Envy was the cause that
debarr'd Mortals from these Honours that were due to them from those among whom they convers'd But Clitus who ever heretofore hated Alexander's imitation of the Manners of the Barbarians and the discourses of his Flatterers having now his Spirits something rais'd with Wine was not able to bear those Contempts cast upon the Gods nor that by undervaluing those Acts of the antient Heroes so thankless a piece of service should be paid to the King And declar'd that Alexander had neither done such wonderful things as they cri'd him up for neither did he do any of them himself alone but the Praise of a great part of 'em was due to the Valour of the Macedonians But Alexander was much inrag'd at these words of Clitus neither indeed can I commend him in what he said for I am of opinion it had been much more prudent for him in this time of carouzing to have held his peace as well as to forbear joining with others in this sordid Vice of Flattery And whereas some call'd to mind the Acts of Philip and did all they could most unjustly to bear down and make slight of all he did as nothing at all memorable in the mean time caressing and extolling of Alexander Clitus now not himself began to advance the the actions of Philip and vilifie Alexander and his Atchievments And cast it in the King's Teeth now raging like a Madman amongst other things how he had at the River Granicus in the Charge in the Horse Engagement preserv'd him and impudently stretching out his right Hand cried out This Hand O Alexander preserv'd thy Life in that Battel Alexander not being able longer to endure the unbridled Passion of Clitus or his base language nor his reproaches cast upon him in a rage leapt out towards him but was held back by them that were round about him on the other hand Clitus let fly all the reproachful words he cou'd devise surpassing all bounds The King with a loud voice call'd out for Argyraspides and no Man regarding him he cried out again that he was now in the same Condition Darius was in when he was seiz'd and led away by Ressus and his Accomplices and that there was nothing left him but the Name of a King His Friends then could not hold him any longer but springing from them some say he snatcht a Launce out of the hands of one of his Guards and with that run Clitus through and kill'd him others report it was with a * Macedonian Launce Sarissa deliver'd to him by one of the Guard Aristobulus gives no account whence this mad Fit of Alexander's arose but says all the fault was wholly in Clitus for that when Alexander in a rage rush't up and made at him to kill him he at a back Door shifted out of the way and got quite out of the Trenches into the Fort to Ptolemy the Son of Lagus a Squire of the Body yet could not contain himself but must needs come back again and lighting upon Alexander when he was calling out for Clitus Here 's Clitus Alexander said he upon which the King ran him through with a Sarissa As I cannot but greatly blame Clitus for his Insolency to the King so I am troubled for Alexander on the other side because at that time he expos'd himself as guilty of Two Vices together Anger and Drunkenness to be overtaken with either of which did not in the least become a sober Man But yet again I must praise Alexander upon another account that presently he repented of the soul Fact he had committed For some who write of the Affairs of Alexander say that he set the end of the Spear against the Wall and attempted to run himself upon the point because his Life seem'd hateful to him having through his Drunkenness destroy'd his Friend But many Writers do not mention this But when he was upon his Bed he lay lamenting calling and repeating still the name of Clitus Lanices the Daughter of Dropidus who had brought up Alexander received from him now he was a Man a large reward for his Education she had lost Two Sons in the War fighting for the King and had her Brother now kill'd by his own Hand He cry'd out he was the Murderer of his Friends and wou'd neither eat nor drink for Three days space nor take any care of himself what became of him Some of Bacchus's Priests told him that these Misfortunes befell him because he had neglected to Sacrifice to Bacchus His Friends had much ado to perswade him to eat or drink any thing to refresh him But at last he sacrific'd to Bacchus since it was not displeasing to him that that misfortune should be imputed rather to the Anger of the God than to his own wickedness 9. Of the Death of Calisthenes Arrianus lib. IV. AS to the Adoration of Alexander how Calisthenes oppos'd him and what relates to it 't is reported That it was agreed between Alexander and the Sophisters and some of the Nobility of the Medes and Persians that attended upon him that in the time of their Feasting a Discourse should be started concerning this matter Anaxarchus was the Person that began and declar'd That Alexander had more right to be accounted a God than either Bacchus or Hercules not only for the greatness of his Noble Actions but because Bacchus was a Theban a meer Stranger having no Communication with the Macedonians and Hercules was of Argos as much a Stranger as the other save that Alexander was of the same Stock for he was from the Heraclides and 't is far more just and equal for the Macedonians to adore their own King with Divine Honours than any other And no doubt he said was to be made but they wou'd pay to him Divine Honours when he was dead therefore 't is much better to adore him as a God while he was alive than when he was dead when their Divine Worship of him would be of no advantage to him When these and other things to the same purpose were said by Anaxarchus those who were of the same Pack praised all that was spoken and declar'd they would forthwith * This Adorâ—tion was by Pro stration Adore him But many of the Macedonians who condemn'd Anaxarchus's Speech held their peace But Calisthenes in the midst of the Silence spoke thus Indeed Anaxarchus I count not Alexander unworthy of any Honour how great soever it be that is fit to be ascrib'd to Men but there are prescrib'd Differences amongst Men between Divine and Human Honours amongst many others in the Building of Temples and Erecting of Statues for to the Gods we consecrate Oratories offer Sacrifices and drink Offerings To the Gods are sung Hymns Men are prais'd but not ador'd Kisses in Salutations are given to Men but the Gods are plac'd on high and 't is not lawful to touch 'em and therefore they are worshipp'd with Adoration Solemn Times of Dancings are perform'd to the Gods and Paeans sung to
his Hand amaz'd at the sight of him they fell flat upon the Ground and were silent a long time together But after that Alexander had commanded them to rise and cheer up Acuphis thus began The Nysaeans intreat O King That in reverence to Bacchus you would leave the City free and the Inhabitants to Govern by their own Laws For Dionysius after he had conquer'd the Indians and was about to return to the Grecian Sea built this City for those Soldiers who were unserviceable for War being of Bacchus ' s Family as a perpetual Monument to Posterity of his Expedition and Victory as your Majesty has built Alexandria at Mount Caucasus and another in Egypt and many others some finish'd and others now in building having now perform'd much more than our Dionysius did And he call'd the City Nysa from his Nurse so nam'd and the Country Nysaea and the Mountain which hangs over the City he was pleas'd to call Meros which is a Thigh because according to the Fables he was cherish'd in Jupiter ' s Thigh Since that time we have dwelt in Nysa as a free City and have liv'd at ease under the Use of our own Laws And that this Place was built by Bacchus this one thing may be a Demonstration That Ivy grows no where in India but in this City This Speech of Acuphis was very pleasing to Alexander for he had a great desire those things should be believ'd that were related concerning Bacchus's Peregrination and wou'd have none to doubt but that Nysa was built by Bacchus because that he himself was now come as far as Bacchus ever came and was still desirous to go further than he ever did And he was of Opinion that the Macedonians out of Emulation to the Acts of Bacchus wou'd willingly with himself undergo further Toils and Labours He granted therefore Liberty to the Nysaeans and that they should Govern according to their own Laws And when he understood what their Laws were and how they were under the Government of an Aristocracy he commended their Constitution and commanded 'em to furnish him with three hundred Horsemen and send him a hundred of them that were of the Aristocracy who were three hundred in all such as he would chuse Acuphis was one of the Number of them that were pick'd out whom the King had made Governour of the whole Province of Nysaea 'T is reported that Acuphis smil'd at these Demands and that Alexander asking him why he laugh'd Acuphis answer'd How is it possible O King for the City to be well Govern'd when 't is stript of an hundred good Men all at once But if your Majesty have a Kindness for the City be pleas'd to accept of three hundred Horsemen and more if you think fit but as for an hundred of the best Men of the City which you desire be pleas'd to be content with two hundred of the worst that whensoever you return hither again you may find that the City has maintain'd and kept up her ancient State and Grandeur With these Words because he judg'd them prudently spoken Alexander was persuaded and commanded only the three hundred Horsemen to be sent him and for the three hundred of the Chief of the City he neither desir'd them nor any others in their stead But Acuphis his Son and his Nephew by his Sister were sent to Alexander Afterwards Alexander had a longing desire to see that City in which the Nysaeans boast there are some Monuments of Dionysius and to go likewise accompanied with some Horse of his Friends and a Regiment of Foot to the Mountain Meros that he might see the Hill grown over with Ivy and Laurel and the shady Groves that abounded with all sorts of wild Beasts The Ivy was a very pleasant Sight to the Macedonians having not seen any of a long time for India bears no Ivy neither those Places where Vines grow Of the Ivy they wore Garlands on their Heads singing Praise to Bacchus with all his Titles and Appellations Alexander there sacrific'd to Bacchus and feasted with his Friends 14. How having taken a strong City call'd Massaga he put to the Sword all the Mercenary Soldiers that had fought Valiantly Arrianus lib. IV. WHen the Barbarians heard of Alexander's coming they durst not abide him in a Body but brake up their Army and dispers'd themselves every one as they could into several Cities purposing there to stand upon their Guard Alexander march'd first with his Army to * Mazaga Massaga the greatest City of that †The Country of the Assacenians Country approaching therefore with his Army close to the City the Barbarians having got into the Town for their assistance seven thousand Mercenary Indians from the inner parts of India made a fierce Sally upon the Macedonians as they lay Encampt Alexander perceiving that the Fight was likely to be under the City Walls design'd to draw off the Enemy at a further distance lest when they fled which he clearly foresaw they would they might with ease being so very near get into the Town and so escape perceiving therefore the Barbarians pouring out upon them he forthwith commanded his Macedonians to wheel about and make to a Hill about seven furlongs distant from the River Guraeus where he had purpos'd to Encamp The Enemy hereupon emboldned the Macedonians seeming to give back in great confusion and disorder hotly pursu'd them But when they were got within the cast of a dart upon a sign given by Alexander the Phalanx furiously turned upon ' em But first indeed the Horse that were darters the Agrians and Archers made an excursion and ingag'd with the Barbarians But Alexander led the Phalanx in Battalia himself The Indians amaz'd at the sudden and unexpected turn when it came to the Swords point fled back into the City Two hundred of 'em were kill'd in the pursuit but the rest got within the Walls Alexander presently drew up his main Battel of Macedons before the Walls and from thence was slightly wounded by an Arrow struck into his Heel The next day the Engines 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Curtius l. 8. c. 10. says the Calf of the Leg. being brought up to the Walls part of 'em were easily batterr'd down upon which the Macedonians endeavouring to force their way through the Ruins the Indians stoutly withstood them so far as that Alexander for that day sounded a retreat and call'd off his Men. But the next day the Macedonians renew'd the Assault with greater vigour bringing up a wooden Tower to the Walls out of which the Archers powring showers of Darts and Arrows grievously gall'd the Indians But yet with all these devices they were not able to enter The Third day the main Body of the Macedonians being again led up to the Walls a Bridge was cast out of the Wooden Tower over that part of the Wall that was broken down upon which Bridge the King order'd the Agyraspides who had before taken Tyre after the same manner
169 He burns himself 147 r. 176 Hermophrodites their prodigious Originals 129 r. 150 Hermes the Egyptian Hermes 6 r. 10 His Inventions ibid. First finder out of Arts 23 r. 28 Herodotus the time he Flourish'd 71 r. 83 Hesion expos'd to be devour'd by a Whale 149 r. 171 Deliver'd by Hercules ibid. Hesperides divers Opinions of the Hesperian Apples 141 r. 162 Hippolytus his Stepmother falls in love with him 161 r. 184 Is falsly Accus'd Kill'd by his Chariot ibid. Homer the most ancient of the Poets 86 r. 100 His Works 152 164 r. 8 176 187 Imitates Orpheus 50 r. 61 The Place of his Birth ibid. Honey bitter Honey 182 r. 205 I. Jambulus his strange Voyage and Travels 81 84 r. 96 99 Jason Captain of the Argonauts his Acts 148 149 r. 170 171 Goes to Corinth cast of Medea and marries Glauces 145 146 r. 179 His Death ibid. Iberians their Gold Mines 191 r. 162 Ibis the Usefulness of this Bird 45 r. 55 Ichneumenon the Enemy of the Crocodile 17 r. 22 55 Ichthyophagi not affected with any thing 91 r. 108 The manner of their Burials 93 r. 109 Jehovah call'd Jao 49 r. 59 Indians their Seven Tribes 74 75 r. 88 89 Their War with Semiramis 62 63 r. 47 India the Description 72 73 r. 85 87 Indus River 73 Jocasta the Acts of Jocasta r. 202 The Mother of Oedipus 162 r. 185 Iolaus one of the Thespidae brings a Colony into Sardinia 142 r. 163 164 Iris or Ireland an Island of Britain a fierce People 189 r. 213 Isis the same with Ceres 6 r. 9 Jews a Colony of Egypt 10 r. 17 Why they are Circumcis'd 28 r. 35 Judges the Proceedings in Judicature in Egypt 39 40 r. 48 Jupiter the Ancient Jupiter was the Brother of Coelus and King of Crete whose Daughters were the Curetes the other was Lord of the World the Son of Saturn 116 r. 16 136 The Kingdom of the Cretan Jupiter after Ammon and Bacchus 123 r. 145 More 204 r. 231 233 Ixion attempts to Ravish Juno is tormented upon a Wheel 165 r. 189 K. Kings draw a Chariot r. 57 The strange way of living of the Kings of Egypt 36 r. 44 Death to the Sabaean Kings to stir abroad 107 r. 126 Kingdoms formerly bestow'd upon such as had done good Publick Service 23 r. 28 L. Lakes a wonderful Lake in Ethiopia 60 r. 72 A Description of the Lake of Myris 26 27 33 34 In Sicily 139 161 Lapithae their War with the Centaurs 165 r. 189 With the Doreans and Hercules 146 r. 169 Laws Of the Egyptians r. 48 Of the Ethiopians 87 r. 102 Liparae Islands their fruitfullness c. 180 r. 203 Letters Two Sorts in Egypt 86 r. 101 Hieroglyphicks of Egypt and Ethiopia what ibid. Greek Letters why call'd Pelasgian and Phaenician 120 r. 140 Letters in Tabrobanana vii Figures 83 r. 48 Locusts Eaten and liv'd upon by the Ethiopians 97 r. 114 Lotus of Egypt what r. 21 Tall Trees of Lotus 105 r. 123 M. Macarian Islands why so call'd 213 r. 239 Megabarean Ethiopians their manner of Burial 98 r. 115 Their voluntary Deaths 99 r. 116 Marathon the Marathonian Bull 159 r. 182 Maraneans of Arabia how destroy'd and rooted out by the Garyndaneans 105 r. 123 Marsyas His Contest with Apollo in Musick his Death 114 115 r. 134 Mars his Inventions and Acts 209 r. 235 Medea assists the Argonauts with her Advice and makes an Agreement with Jason 151 152 r. 173 174 Her wonderful Witcheraft in the Palace of Pelias 153 154 r. 176 177 Forsaken by Jason and cruel Revenge upon her own Children 156 r. 179 Media a Catalogue of the Kings 71 r. 84 Meleager his sad Destiny 145 r. 167 Malta Island its Description 181 r. 204 Menas the first King of Egypt how preserv'd by a Crocodile 46 r. 56 Mercury the Egyptian Mercury his Invention of Arts Eloquence Musick c. 6 23 r. 10 28 Conductor of Souls 50 r. 60 Meroes Islands in Nile their Description r. 19 20 Minerva the Place of her Birth 208 r. 214 Her Inventions 209 r. 235 Minos the first Son of Jupiter 160 r. 183 The second of Lycasta ibid. His Cities Laws c. 211 r. 237 His Death in Sicily 170 r. 194 Minotaur Kill'd by Theseus 160 r. 183 How born 169 r. 193 Money the Punishment of those that counterfeited Money in Egypt 41 r. 50 Moses the first that put Laws in writing 49 r. 59 His Praise ibid. Mice Bred in Egypt out of the Mud or Slime 2 r. 1 Muses Accompany Bacchus 127 128 r. 148 And Osiris 8 r. 10 Why Virgins 130 r. 150 Their Names ibid. r. 235 Miris King of Egypt his Lake 26 27 r. 33 34 His Pyramid and Sepulchre in the Lake 27 r. 33 Myrrhe A Description of Myrrhe 194 r. 220 N. Nabathean Arabians 78 105 r. 92 130 Thieves never Conquer'd ibid. Naxus the History of Naxus 198 199 r. 184 224 225 Nemean a Description of the Nemean Lion his Place Death c. 132 r. 153 Neptune his Inventions good Deeds why accounted God of the Sea 207 r. 233 Nile the Islands in it 15 r. 19 20 The Cattracts Mouths ibid. Beasts Fishes c. 16 17 r. 20 21 Flow its Decrease is observ'd and the different Opinions of the Inundations of Nile 18 c. r. 23 c. Ninus King of Assyria his Acts 54 55 56 r. 64 65 66 His Death and Sepulchre 57 r. 67 Nineveh Built 55 r. 65 It s Shape Compass c. ibid. It s Siege and taking by Arbaces 66 67 68 r. 80 Ninyas the Son of Ninus 64 r. 67 Niobe her Pride and Punishment 167 r. 167 Nysa the pleasant Situation of the City the Birth-place of Bacchus 120 121 r. 141 The Cave of Nysa a most pleasant Place 127 r. 147 O. Obscenity Obscene Speech us'd in the Feasts of Ceres 177 201 Obelisks the Obelisks of Semiramis one of the seven Wonders of the World 59 r. 71 Oedipus his Birth Casting forth his Acts Marriage c. 162 r. 180 185 Olympicks the Years The Olympicks were distant one from another r. 44 Invented by Hercules Dactylus 204 r. 230 Instituted by Hercules 134 155 r. 155 178 Orion the Story of Orion 173 r. 197 Osymanduas King of Egypt 24 r. 30 His stately Pyramid ibid. His Epitaph 25 r. 31 Orpheus why said to draw Beasts after him 139 140 r. 162 His History 140 r. ibid. His Verses 45 r. 28 Rites of Bacchus brought into Greece by him 50 r. 60 Osiris his Expedition throughout the whole World and Acts 5 6 7 8 r. 9 10 Deify'd Death Burial and Epitaph 9 12 r. 9 12 P. Palestina 104 105 r. 123 Palm-Trees a full Description of the Palm-Trees in Arabia and the Province of Babylon 81 r. 95 Palmetum a pleasant Place of Palms and other Delights in Arabia 104 105 r. 123 Panchaian Islands their Descriptian 195 r. 220 221 Genius and Customs of the Inhabitants 196 Paradise the Earthly
and him in it The miserable End of Jason Of the Heraclidae and their return to Peloponnesus 148 Chap. 4. The Acts of Theseus The Minotaur in Crete Androgeos the Son of Minos murder'd by Aegeus Ariadna Daughter of Minos in love with Theseus Ariadna's Crown Aegeus King of Athens kills himself Theseus his Death The War of Thebes by the Seven Captains The Epigoni renew the War Pedigrees of the Heroes at Troy Of the Centaurs and Lapithae The Pedigrees of Aesculapius Aeacus Ajax Pelops Tantalus Oenomeus Dardanus his Posterity to Priam King of Troy 159 Chap. 5. Of Daedalus and his Works in Crete Sicily and elsewhere His Flight into Sicily Minos invades Sicily The manner of his Death there The Famous Temple of the Curetes or Corybants in Sicily built by the Posterity of the Cretians that came there with Minos The Pedigree of Aristaeus his Acts his Son Actaeon Of Eryx Venus her Temple in Eryx in Sicily the Fame of it Of Daphnis the Shepherd a Description of the Herean Mountains Of Orion Of the Straight of Messina 168 BOOK V. Chap. 1. A Description of Sicily The Aeolide Islands or Lipari Islands Of Malta Gaulus Cercina Corsica Sardinia Pityusa and the Baleares 176 Chap. 2. Of Madera Britain Gallia Celtiberia Iberia and Tyrrhenia and of the Inhabitants and their Laws and Customs 184 Chap. 3. Of Gredosia Of the Isles of the Arabian Sea Of the Holy Island Of Panchaea Of Samothracia Of Naxus Syme Nausus Calydna Nisyrus Carpathus Of Rhodes and of Chersonesus 194 Chap. 4. Of Crete The first Inhabitants Of the Idaei Dactyli Of Jupiter Saturn Hyperion Prometheus Mnemosyne Themis Ceres Neptune Pallas Jupiter's Race as the Muses Vulcan Mars c. Of the ancient Hercules Britomartis Pluto Rhadamanthus his Justice Of Lesbos Deucalion's Flood Of the Blessed Islands Of Tenedos and the Cyclades 204 THE CONTENTS Of the Last Ten Books of Diodorus the Sicilian BOOK XI Chap. 1. OF Xerxes his Expedition into Greece and the Fight at Thermopyle and Sea-Fight at Salamis Page 215 Chap. 2. How the Carthaginians invaded Sicily and were routed by Gelon And the time of Pindar the Poet. 226 Chap. 3. The Victory of the Greeks over Mardonius at Platea 230 Chap. 4. Of the Fight with the Persians by the Grecians at Mycale in Ionia Herodotus ends with this Fight and taking of Sestos 233 Chap. 5. The Death and Commendation of Gelo of Syracuse and the Rebuilding of Athens by the Policy of Themistocles 235 Chap. 6. The enlarging of the Haven at Athens by Themistocles The Treason of Pausanias And the Justice of Aristides 237 Chap. 7. Hiero King of Sicily prepares to besiege Agrigentum Discovers the Treason of them of Himera to Thero their Prince Expels the Cataneans and Naxians 240 Chap 8. The Lacedemonians quarrel with the Athenians for the Dominion of the Sea 241 Chap. 9. Hiero breaks the Power of the Hetruscans by Sea 242 Chap 10. The War between the Tarrentines and the Japigians ibid. Chap. 11. The Death of Thero Prince of Agrigentum and the Tyranny of his Son Thrasydeus who abdicated the Government and kill'd himself Three hundred of the Family of the Fabii slain at one time 243 Chap. 12. The Malice of the Lacedemonians against Themistocles and his Banishment His Praise 244 Chap. 13. Cymon the Athenian General gains many Places for the Athenians Routs the Persians by a Stratagem at Eury medentum 247 Chap. 14. A great Earthquake in Sparta The War upon them by the Helots and Mycenians 248 Chap. 15. The War between the Argives and the Mycenians 249 Chap. 16. The Death of Hiero. 250 Chap. 17. Thrasybulus King of Syracuse depos'd by force of Arms for his Tyranny 250 Chap. 18. The Murder of Xerxes by Artabanus 251 Chap. 19. The War between the Athenians and Aegineaus 252 Chap 20. The Egyptians revolt from the Persians New Troubles in Sicily ibid. Chap. 21. Persians Expedition into Egypt Wars in Sicily 254 Chap. 22. The War between the Epidaurians and Athenians Page 255 Chap. 23. The War between the Corinthians and Megareans 256 Chap. 24. The War between the Athenians and Boetians 257 Chap. 25. The Athenians invade the Spartans by Tolmides 258 Chap. 26. The War in Sicily between the Aegestines and the Lilybeans The Custom of Writing upon an Olive Leaf the Names of such as were to be banish'd in Sicily call'd Petalism 259 Chap. 27. Pericles makes an Inrode into Peloponnesus Besieg'd Sicyon Phaylus in Sicily made Admiral against the Tyrrhenian Pirates Is corrupted and banish'd The Original of the Palici And the Stories of the Temple and Wonders of the Craters in Sicily 260 Chap. 28. The Contests between Deucetius and the Agrigentines His strange Submission to the Syracusians who sent him to Corinth with Promise to supply him with Necessaries 262 BOOK XII Chap. 1. CYmon the Athenian Admiral his Expedition into Cyprus Peace concluded between the Persians and Athenians Cymon dies in Cyprus 264 Chap. 2. Megarians revolt from the Athenians and are beaten The Athenians revolted at Cheronea by the Beotians Many Cities revolt Peace concluded 265 Chap. 3. The War between the Agrigentines and Syracusians in Sicily The War between them of Crotona and the Siberites Sibaris raz'd The building of Thurium Charondas his good Laws in Thurium His remarkable Death The Laws of Zaleuchus of Locris 266 Chap. 4. Of the Decemviri in Rome chosen to make Laws War between the Thurians and Tarentines A sad Story of the Daughter of one Lucius Virginius in Rome which caus'd a Disturbance and great Sedition Law of the Twelve Tables Peace all over the World 272 Chap. 5. War between the Samians and Melesians A Sedition in Samos which revolts from the Athenians War in Sicily by the Syracusians against the Trinacrians 273 Chap. 6. Corinthian War against Corcyra Potidea revolts from the Athenians Quarrels in Thurium Meton's Year Heraclea in Italy built Potidea besieg'd by Phormio 275 Chap. 7. Of the Peloponnesian War Potidea revolts besieg'd by the Athenians and is surrendred upon Articles Nicias made the Athenian Admiral Gorgia an excellent Orator sent from Leontine in Sicily to Athens A Peace concluded after the War had continu'd ten Years 278 Chap. 8. Continuation of the Peloponnesian War War by the Romans against the Fidinates for putting their Ambassadors to death Quarrels between the Aegistines and the Selinuntines in Sicily Expedition of the Athenians against Sicily under Nicias being the 16th Year of the Peloponnesian War 293 BOOK XIII Chap. 1. THE Athenian Fleet equipp'd out for Sicily Alcibiades accus'd Flies Is condemn'd Goes to Sparta out of Italy Syracusians send for Aid to Lacedemon Gylippus is sent to them Battel at Syracuse 300 Chap. 2. The Lacedemonians invade Attica Fight at Sea between the Syracusians and Athenians Eurimedon and Demosthenes arrive in Sicily A Plague in the Athenian Camp Another Fight between the Syracusians and Athenians the latter routed at Sea The Athenians ruin'd in Sicily Nicholaus his long Oration Gylippus