chosen Emperour was ouercome by his Competitor and being againe raised to that dignitie was put from it by Frederike the second and died 1218. Otho his brothers Sonne was forced to yeeld the Dukedome of Saxony to the Elector of Saxony Albert the second And the Emperour Frederick the second cast his Garrison out of Brunswick with the helpe of the Citizens and made Brunswick a free Imperiall City But at last the Emperour vpon the submission of Otho forgaue him and created him Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg This Otho died in the yeere 1252 from whom this house was subdeuided into the following Families From Henrie the Wonderfull descend the Lords of Ember and Grobenbagen From Albert the Fat dying in the yeere 1318 descend the Dukes of Brunswick and of Luneburg as followeth Magnus Torquatus heire of both Dukedomes whose garrison the citizens of Luneburg cast out of the castle Calkberg left three sonnes Frederick chosen Emperour against Wenceslaus killed by treachetie in the yeere 1400. Bernard after the killing of his brother yeelded the D. of Brunswick to his Nephew William retaining the D. of Luneburg died 1434. From Bernard descend Otho who exhibited the Reformed Confession at Augtburg and died 1549. Otho Lord of Harburg had to his first wife the daughter to the Earle of Schwartzenburg and with the second Wife Daughter to the Earle of Emden hee then liued when I passed though Germany Otho had by his first wife two sonnes Otho Henrich borne 1555 and Iohn Frederick borne 1557 and one daughter Elizabeth borne 1553 and married to the King of Suecia And by his second wife sixe sonnes William borne 1564. Euno borne 1565. Christopher borne 1570. Otho borne 1572. Iohn borne 1573. Frederick borne 1578. And three daughters Anna Margarita borne 1567. Heduigis borne 1569. Catherina Sophia borne 1577. The first house of the Dukes of Luneburg and Brunswick for the titles are cōmon to al. Anne borne 1526. And Ernest who reformed Religion and died 1546 buried at Cella Henry maried the daughter of the D. of the lower Saxony dwelling at Angria Henry had three sons Iulius Ernestus borne 1571. Francis Cannon of Strasburg borne 1572. And Augustus borne 1579. And two daughters Sibilla Elizabetha borne 1576. And Sidonia borne 1577. The second branch likewise Dukes of Luneburg and Brunswick William in the yere 1561 married Dorothy Daughter to Christian King of Denmarke William had seuen sons Ernest borne 1564. Christian borne 1561. Augustus borne 1568. Frederick borne 1574. Magnus borne 1577 then Rector of the Vniuersitie of Iena George borne 1582. Iohn borne 1583. And seuen daughters Sophia married to George Marquis of Brandeburg 1579. Elizabeth to the Count of Hohelm 1585. Doroty borne 1570. Clara 1571. Margaret 1573. Marie 1575. And Sibilla 1584. The third branch with the same titles Francis of the reformed religion left two daughters no heires males and died 1549. Henrie died before his brother Frederick William the Victorious at the death of his Vncle Frederick possessed the Dukedome of Brunswick which his Vncle Bernard did yeeld to him Hee died 1482. Dukes of Brunswick From William the Victorious descends Henry who twise in vaine besieged Brunswick aided by other free Cities He died 1514. Henrie made captiue by the Elector of Saxony 1545 twice besieged Brunswick He had two sisters and foure brothers Ericus Christopher Bishop of Verden Francis and George Archbishop of Breme The eldest married Mary Daughter to the Duke of Wirtenberg and died 1568. Iulius his two elder Brethren being killed left his Priest-hood reformed Religion after Luthers doctrine founded an Vniuersitie at Helmstat and called it Iulia married Heduigis daughter to Ioachim the second Elector of Brandeburg and died in the yeere 1589. Henrie Iulius borne 1562 Administrator of two Bishopricks of Halberstat and Mind first married Dorothy Daughter to Augustus Elector of Saxony then Elizabeth daughter to Frederike King of Denmark yet liuing By his first wife he had Dorothy Heduigis borne 1587 by the second Frederike Vdalrike borne 1591. Three brothers Philip Sigismond Bishop of Verden borne 1568. Ioachim Carolus borne 1573. Iulius Augustus borne 1578. Fiue sisters Sophia married to Ernest Duke of Pomeru Mary to Francis D. of lower Saxony 1582. Elizabeth to the Count of Schaumberg Dorothy borne 1577. Heduigis 1580. The second house of the Duke of Brunswicke more powerfull then all the former ioyned He had foure sisters Catherine married to Iohn Marquisse of Brandeburg Margaret to the D. of Munsterberg Clara first an Abbesse then married to Phillip Lord of Grachenhage And Mary an Abbesse And Ericus called the Popish Ericus called also the Popish married his daughter to Iohn Prince Dauria of Genoa in Italy He had a base sonne who died without issue and lies buried with his Father at Pauia in Italy The Duke of Brunswicke keepes his Court at a strong Castle within the little City Wolfeubeiten lesse then a German mile distant from Brunswick of which City he beares the title in respect it of old belonged to his Progenitors in which kind he is also called Duke of Luneburg to which he hath right of succession and Purgraue of Nurnberg which title hath beene long extinct not that he hath any least power ouer the City or so much as a house therein whom the Citizens rather wish many miles remoued from them I haue said that Henry Iulius Duke of Brunswick hath three brothers and that the eldest of them was Bishop of Verden but when my selfe passed that way I vnderstood that of these three younger brothers the eldest was Bishop of Osenburg the next Channon of Strasburg and that the youngest was a Student in the Vniuersity of Helmstatt founded by his Father And it is worth obseruation that the Duke himselfe was Administrator of two Bishoprickes I haue shewed that the City of Brunswicke got their liberty by the Sword in the time of Duke Otho and with the aide of the Emperour Fredericke the second And as they gained it by Armes so they maintaine it hauing beene often besieged by the Dukes and to this day bearing vp the same against the Dukes with whom they cease not to expostulate that they vsurpe the title of their City And not long before my passage that way when at the marriage of the Duke with the sister to the King of Denmarke the Citizens of Brunswicke discharged some great Peeces of Artillery in honour of the marriage yet so great are the iealousies betweene the Duke and them as hee tooke it in ill part and shaking his head for anger said it was done in ostentation of their strength and as the threatning of enemies rather then the triumph of friends And the Senators of Brunswicke though inuited to the marriage yet would not come thither Neither doe they willingly suffer the Duke to come into their City And not long before when the Duke for pleasure disguised himselfe as a Carman and droue a Cart of wood into the City to be sold there the
man should after that presume to take the name and title of Oneale He had three sonnes Henry Con and Tirlogh cast in prison by Hugh the Rebell Matthew Okelly till 15 yeres age reputed the son of a Black Smith at Dudalke giuen Con O Neale by a Smiths wife at her death This Bastard hee appointed to succeed him by the Kings letters Pattents at which time he was created Baron of Dungannon but he was killed in his Fathers life time by Shane the legitimate sonne of Con whose bastard this Matthew was Brian killed by Odonnel at the instance of Shane O Neale Hugh preserued by the English from Shane married the Daughter of Tirlogh Linnogh Oneale whom he put away by diuorce and after prooued an Arch-Rebell This Hugh sonne to the Bastard Matthew borne of a Smiths wife and reputed the Smiths sonne till he was fifteene yeeres of age liued sometimes in Ireland and much in the Court of England and was supported against Turlogh Linnogh Oneale with the title of Barron of Dungannon by his fathers right He had a troope of horse in Queene Elizabeths pay in the late warres of the Earle of Desmond in which and all occasions of seruice he behaued himselfe so valiantly as the Queene gaue him a yeerely pension of one thousand Markes He was of a meane stature but a strong body able to indure labors watching and hard fare being with all industrious and actiue valiant affable and apt to mannage great affaires and of a high dissembling subtile and profound wit So as many deemed him borne either for the great good or ill of his Countrey In an Irish Parliament he put vp his petition that by vertue of the letters Patents granted to his Grand-father to his Father his heires he might there haue the place and title of the Earle of Tyrone and be admitted to this his inheritance The title and place were there granted to him but the inheritance in regard the Kings of England by the attainder of Shane were thereof inuested was referred to the Queenes pleasure For the obtaining whereof Sir Iohn Perrot then Lord Deputie vpon his promise of a great rent to be reserued to the Crowne gaue him his letters of recommendation into England where he so well knew to humour the Court as in the yeere 1587 he got the Queenes Letters Pattents vnder the great Seale of England for the Earledome of Tyr-Oen without any reseruation of the rent he had promised to the I Deputy wherwith though his Lordship were offended in that the Pattent was not passed in Ireland and so the said rent omitted yet in reuerence to the great Lords who had procured this grant in England he did forbeare to oppose the same The conditions of this 〈◊〉 were that the bounds of Tyrone should be limited That one or two planet namely that of Blackwater should be reserued for the building of Forts and keeping of Garrisons therein That the sonnes of Shane and Tirlogh should be prouided for and that he should challenge no authoritie ouer the neighbour Lords bordering vpon Tyrone or any where out of that County And such were his indeauours in the Queenes seruice such his protestations of faith and thankfulnesse as Tirlogh Linnogh by the Queenes intercession was induced vpon certain conditions for his maintenance to surrender the County and all command in those parts vnto him Cormoe preserued from Shane by the English now rebelling with Hugh Neale Conuelagh Turlogh Lynnogh tooke the title of Oneale after Shane he was aged and so loued quietnesse the rather for feare of the children of Shane and of Matthew the Bastard He was obedient to the Queene but made warre vpon Odonnel the Iland Scots of whom he killed in the field Alexander Oge who murthered Shane Oneale Sir Arthur O Neale Knight liuing in this Rebellion This Sir Arthur serued the Queene against Hugh the Arch-Rebell who had two of his sons in prison but two or three other sonnes were with their father at Laughfoyle among the English The Spanish forsooth inuincible Nauy sent to inuade England in the yeere 1588 being dispersed and prouing nothing lessethen inuincible many of them were wrecked on the Coasts of Ireland whereof some were harboured by the Earle of Tyrone with whom since he was thought to haue plotted the following mischiefes And shortly after in the end of this yeere or beginning of the next Sir Iohn Perrot being reuoked Sir William Fitz-williams was sent Lord Deputy into Ireland I haue heard that he hauing been formerly Lord Deputy when he returned and sued for recompence of his seruice a great Lord should answer him that such imployments were preferments and not seruices to challenge reward And therefore it in this new imployment any shall thinke that he followed this counsell seeking to make it a preferment to him and his family I doe not much maruell thereat This I write of heare-say but as in the generall relation following I purpose to write nothing which is not warranted either by relations presented to the Queene by the principall Councellers of Ireland or by Letters interchanged betweene the States of England and Ireland or like authenticall writings so for the particular of the aboue named Lord Deputy if perhaps some may thinke any thing obserued by me to derogate from him I protest that whatsoeuer I write is in like sort warranted and may not be omitted without the scandall of Historicall integrity being obiections frequently made by the Rebels for excuse of their disloyalty aswell in all their petitions as treaties of peace But howsoeuer I cannot but mention these imputations yet I aduise the Reader to iudge of them as obiections of the Rebels who in their nature are clamorous and could no way make their excuse so plausible as by scandalizing the chiefe Gouernor And I further protest that as I shall in the due place once mention an honorable answer of this L. Deputy to part of the chief complaints made by the Irish against him so I would most willingly haue inserted his full iustification if any such memoriall had come to my hands Sir William Fitz-williams being Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir Iohn Norreys was Lord President of Mounster who made his brother Sir Thomas his Vice-president and Sir Richard Bingham was Gouernor of Connaght This Lord Deputy now againe entering the gouernement of Ireland that Kingdome was in the best estate that it had beene in of long time not only peaceable and quiet so as any the greatest Lord called by letter or messenger readily came to the State there and none of them were known to be any way discontented but also most plentifull in corne cattel and all manner of victuals But within three moneths after his taking of the sword some Irish informed him that the aboue named Spaniards last yeere wrecked on the Coasts of Connaght and Vlster had left with the Inhabitants in whose hands they fell great store of treasure and other riches This
Cardinals Hat maried Isabel daughter to the K. of Spaine and gouernes Netherland but hath no children 7. Wencestaus 8. Fredericke 9. Carolus al three died yong Foure sisters Anna married to the King of Spaine anno 1563 died anno 1580. Elizabeth married to Charles the 9 King of France anno 1570. Mary Margaret died yong Fiue sisters Elizabeth married to the King of Poland died an 1545. Anne wife to the Duke of Bauaria Marie wife to the Duke of Cleue Magdalen vnmarried and Catherine wife to the Duke of Mantua and after to the King of Poland Ferdinand of Ispruck so called of that Citie wherein he holds his Court. Hee married the daughter of the Duke of Mantua by whom he had some daughters but no heire male But by a Citizens daughter of Augsburg his wife hee had two sonnes This is the third Family of the Arch-Dukes called of Ispruch the Citie wherein they liue Charles Marques of Burgh Andrew a Cardinall Iohn died a childe Sixe sisters Leonora wife to the Duke of Mantua Barbara wife the Duke of Feraria Margareta Vrsula Helena and Ioanna Charles of Gratz so called of that City where he held his Court. Hee is the fourth sonne of the Emperour Ferdinand by Marie the daughter of the Duke of Bauaria Hee begat twelue children and dying in the yeere 1519 left two sonnes besides diuers daughters This is the fourth Family of the Arch-Dukes of Austria called Zu Gratz of that City wherein they hold their Court. Ferdinand zu Gratz Carolus Posthumus Margeret gouerned Netherland and died in the yeare 1530. Leopold the second Duke of Austria died in the yeare 1386. Fredericke proscribed in the Counsell at Constantia died in the yeere 1440. Sigismond dyed in the yeere 1497. Ernestus of Iron died in the yere 1435. Ladislaus Posthumus King of Bohemia vnder George Pochibraccius his Tutor and King of Hungary vnder Iohn Huniades Tutorage died in the yeere 1457. Thus I haue shewed that besides the branch of the House of Austria now raigning in Spaine there remaine three branches thereof in Germany the first of the Emperour Rodolphus and his brethren Ernestus dying in his life time Mathias and Maximilianus and Albertus Whereof foure liued vnmarried the fifth named Albertus hath long been married but hath no child The second branch is that of Ferdinand of Ispruch waa married Philippina the daughter of a Citizen in Augsburg whereupon his kinsmen difdaining that her ignoble Issue should enherit with them forced him to agree that the County of Tyroll should not descend vpon his sonne whereupon his eldest sonne by her named Charles possesseth onely the City and territory of Burgh which was in his Fathers power to giue with title of the Marquesse of Burgh and the said County at the Fathers death fell backe to the Emperour His second sonne Andrew Cardinal of Brixia besides the spirituall possessions of that County hath also the Bishopricke of Costnetz in Sueuia But Ferdinand of his second wife daughter to the Duke of Mantua had some daughters but no heire male The third branch is of Charles of Gratz who besides his heires males left eight daughters whereof one is now married to Sigismund King of Poland by election and of Suecia by inheritance the second to the Prince of Transiluania the third to Philip King of Spaine The Emperour by right of his owne inheritance not of the Empire is Lord of many and large Prouinces namely King of Hungary King of Bohemia with the annexed most fertile Prouinces of Morauia Silesia and Lusatia Also towards the Alpes he hath by Inheritance many large Prouinces gotten by his Progenitors as appeares by his Pedegree namely the Arch-Dukedome of Austria the Prouinces of Styria Carinthia Carmola Tyroll and other large territories in Sueuia and Alsatia besides great iurisdictions among the Sweitzers called the Grysons Ferdinand the Emperour brother to the Emperour Charles the fifth married the sister and heire of Lodouicus King of Hungary and Bohemia and after the vnhappy death of Lodouicus killed in the field by the Turkes in the yeere 1526 was chosen King of Bohemia which Kingdome with the Empire descended to his heires And this Kingdome is exempted from the Parliaments and Contributions of Germany by a priuiledge granted by Charles the fourth Emperour and King of Bohemia of whom the Germans complaine as more respecting Bohemia then the Empire In which point he is lesse to be taxed because howsoeuer that Kingdome freely elects their Kings yet the heire is therein alwaies respected before any other and being an Infant yet is commonly chosen King with a Tutor for his Nonage The three States of Barrons Knights and Citizens chuse the King but Ferdinand the Emperour in his life time caused his sonne Maximilian to be chosen King In like manner this Emperour Rodolphus was chosen King of Bohemia and also King of Hungaria while his Father liued And howsoeuer he being vnmarried hath lesse care of his Successour yet custome and the publike good haue such force as Bohemia seemes hereditary to the House of Austria either for feare of so great a Family bordering vpon the Kingdome or because they iustly triumph to haue the Emperours sente at Prage the cuecfe City of Bohemia especially since no Prince out of that Family is able to beare the burthen of the Empire if they obserue the Law binding the Electors to chuse an Emperour among the Princes borne in Germany As the said three States choose the King so they chuse a Viceroy for life to gouerne the Kingdome at the Kings death and to be one of the Electors as King of Bohemia at the choyce of the Emperour dead in the same person Yet commonly before this time wherein the vnmarried Emperour neglects the succession the Germans were wont while the Emperour liued to chuse his successor intitled King of the Romans At this time the Baron of Rosenburg was Viceroy of Bohemia for life who held his Court neere Lintz vpon the confines of Austria and was said to haue the keeping of the Kings Crowne in a Castle called Carlstein Touching Hungary it had the name of the people called the Hunns who vnder their King Geysa receiued the Christian Religion his sonne Stephen was chosen King in the yeere 1002 from whom in order many Kings haue beene chosen so as due respect was alwayes had of the eldest sonnes to the deceased who sometimes refused did stirre vp ciuill warres King Andrew about the yeere 1230 first gaue great priuiledges to the Nobility which their Kings to this day haue vsed to confirme as soone as they were elected King Vladislaus in the yeere 1490 first ioyned the Kingdomes of Bohemia and Hungary together whose sonne Lodouicus perished in the vnhappy battell against the Turkes in the yeere 1526 At which time Ferdinand of the House of Austria brother to the Emperor Charles the fifth and successor to him in the Empire was chosen King of Hungary as well by the couenant which the
speakes to the purpose and must haue witnesses who haue no profit by his Testament and such as themselues haue power to make a Testament Hee that disinherites the next heire is bound to giue him a lawfull legacy according to his goods By the Ciuill Law leprous persons and borne vnperfect are not excluded from inheriting but by the Law of Saxony the lame dumbe blind leprous and the like are not capable of inheritance or see yet if any man after his succession shall become leprous he shall enioy the inheritance By the Law of Saxony Tutorage belongs onely to the Kinsmen by the Fathers side and not as by the Ciuill Law to all in the same degree but euer to the next and if many be in the same next degree then to the eldest of them only yet so as the danger of Tutorage belongs to all together Thus Christian Duke of Saxony dying the Duke of Winberg only not the Duke of Coburg in the same degree with him was Tutor to his children though the Electorship was taken from their Grandfather and giuen to this Family with great and iust enuy by the Emperour Charles the fifth In common iudgement especialy respecting such cases the kinsmen on the mothers side seeme more fit to be Tutors who haue no profit but rather losse by the death of the Pupill whereas the kinsmen on the Fathers side are heires to him Yet the common practise to the contrary as in this particular example produceth no tragicall euents among the Germans being of a good and peaceable nature By the Ciuill Law a Pupill is said to be in minority till he be fiue and twenty yeeres old and the tutorage ceaseth and the Pupil is capable of inuestiture at ripe age namely the Male at foureteene the female at twelue yeeres age but by the law of Saxony the Pupill is said to be in minority till he be 21 yeers old and the Male is capable to be inuested in his fee when he is 13 yeers six weeks old for the Saxons make difference between these two things Binnen Iahren vnnd binnen Tagen that is vnder yeeres and vnder daies for the Pupill is held vnder yeers for inheritance til he be foureteen yeers old and for Fees till he be thirteene yeeres and six weekes old but he is held vnder daies or in minority till he be twenty one yeeres old The Imperial law of the golden Bulla not withstanding makes the Electors sonnes to be of ripe age and free from Tutors at eighteene yeeres age I haue obserued that Tutors in Saxony allow the Pupils fiue in the hundreth for all their money which they haue in their hands Females are vnder Tutors till they marrie and they cannot marrie without their consent but refusing to giue consent they are bound to yeeld a reason thereof before the Iudges lest they should fraudulently denie consent By the Ciuill Law the Tutor is not bound to giue account till the Tutorage be ended but the Administrator may yeerely be called to account and the eldest brother must giue account to the younger of the inheritance which hee administreth vndeuided but by the Law of Saxony if the Tutor be not heire to the Pupill as the Kinsman by the Fathers side while the Mother liues who excludes him from succession he is tied yeerely to giue account but if he be heire to the Pupill he is not bound to giue account which notwithstanding is restrained to Parents and Brothers who for reuerence of the blood and naturall affection are freed from suspition of fraud or fault especially where the administration is of goods which either they possesse with the Pupils vndiuided or in which they haue right of succession Also by the Law of Saxony the elder brother when his brother hath no mother liuing as heire to his brother is not tied to giue account to his brother or to his ioynt heire for the administration of a common and vndeuided Inheritance In like sort by the Ciuill Law the Tutor is bound to giue sureties or sufficient caution for preseruing the Pupils goods but by the Law of Saxony as formerly if the Tutor bee heire to the Pupill or ioint heire with him in vndeuided Inheritance hee is not tied thereunto By the Ciuil Law whatsoeuer fals to the sonne in the power of the Father of his mothers goods either by Testament of the Mother or from her dying intestate the Father shall haue the vse and full administration thereof for his life and for the confidence and reuerence of a Father hee is not tied to giue sureties or caution for vsing or restoring those goods to his sonne as others hauing like vse thereof are bound to doe yet so as in regard of this vse for life the Father is bound according to his power to giue a gift in marriage to his sonne leauing him but the mother hath no right to the vse of her sonnes goods By the Law of Saxony the vse is so long granted to the Father till his children depart from him but the Lawyers so interpret this if the Father because of the separation for if the Sonne will depart of his owne motion except he be out of minority and will take vpon him the care of a Family the Father shall retaine the vse and is bound after to restore these goods except they perish by mistortune without his fault And the same Law is for the Mother also touching the goods of her Sonne when the Father is dead but the Law concerning the Father must be vnderstood of the vnmoueable goods falling vnto the Son from the Mother By the Ciuill Law the Father and Mother or others in the ascending line succeed the Sonne or Daughter dying in equall portions with the Brothers and Sisters but by the Law of Saxony the Parents of the Sonne dead or if they be dead the Grandfather and Grandmother or any ascendants whatsoeuer exclude brothers and sisters by both Parents and collaterals whatsoeuer and indeed by the Law the Father alone succeeds the dying Sonne or Daughter excluding the Mother excepting the vtensile goods in which the Mother is preferred but by the late Statute of the Electors this Law is changed so as the Father and Mother succeed together yet these things must be vnderstood of the goods in freehold for in Fees they of the ascendant line succeed not the descendants but as euery stranger may succeed by contract expressed in the inuestiture By the Ciuill Law the Father cannot make a gift to the Sonne being vnder his power but by the Law of Saxony he may yet the sonne receiuing the gift is bound to acknowledge it when his Father dies and to abate so much of his portion in the diuision with his brothers if it be of any value and not giuen to supply his wants at that time And by both Lawes the gift is good from the Father to the Sonne going to warfare By the Ciuill Law the Wife in time of marriage may haue goods in which
of her husband or shee any way gained to their children at her death whether shee gaue them to her husband in time of his life or no for it is alwayes presumed that shee got these things out of her husbands goods And if in any place there be no custome to determine this then the widow besides her fourth or equall part hath also the vtensile goods And in case the husband leaue no children then the widow hath her choise whether shee will receiue the third part or renouncing the same will retain vtensile goods and all other her owne goods mouable or vnmouable together with her dowry But if the husband leaue children the widow hath not this choise but must renounce all the rest and sticke to her third part And by custome of the Country her dowry and gift for mariage is doubled so as shee that brought one thousand guldens for her dowry shall haue two thousand guldens in the diuision of her husbands inheritance And the right which married parties by statute haue in one anothers goods cannot be taken from them by last Will and Testament Discoursing with men of experience I heard that the widowes of Princes whiles they remaine widowes possesse all their husbands estate excepting the Electorships which the next kinsman by the Fathers side administers by his right during the minority of the sonne and inioy also the tutorage of their children but if they marry againe the country frees it selfe from them with giuing them a tun of gold for Dowry And that the Daughters of Princes haue Dowries frō the subiects by subsidies collected vse to sweare before the Chancellor that their husbands being dead or vpon any accident whatsoeuer they will not retourne to burthen the Country That the Daughters of Gentlemen neuer marry to any of inferior degree then Gentlmen which is constantly kept by both sexes and are commonly bestowed with a small Dowry and since by the Law they cannot succeed in fees haue at the parents death only a part of their mouable goods with the vtensils proper to them and one sister dying her portion goes not to the brothers or their children as also the married Sister dying and leauing no Daughter her portion goes not to her own sons except liuing in health she bequeathed it to them in her Testament but to the Neece on the Mothers side Lastly that in case the goods of a dead woman are neither giuen by her last Testament nor any Kinswomen to her on the Mothers side can bee found her goods goe not to her owne Sonnes or male-Kinsmen but are confilcated to the Prince or in free Cities to the Common-wealth It is said that the Roman Emperor Caracalla was wont to say that only that Nation knew how to rule their wiues which added the feminine article to the Sunne and the masculine to the Moone as the Germans doe saying Die Sonn 〈◊〉 der Mont. And no doubt the Germans are very churlish to their wiues and keep them seruily at home so as my selfe in Saxony haue seene many wiues of honest condition and good estate to dresse meat in the kitchen and scarce once in the weeke to eate with their husbands but apart with the maides and after the meale to come and take away their husbands table and if they came to sit with him at table yet to sit downe at the lower end at least vnder all the men My selfe haue seene husbands of like quality to chide their wiues bitterly till they wept abundantly and the same wiues of good ranke very soone after to bring a chaire to the husband and serue him with a trencher and other necessaries The men being inuited to friends houses or any solemne feasts neuer goe in company with their wiues who goe alone with their faces couered It is no nouelty for a husband to giue a box on the eare to his wife And they scoffe at the Law in Nurnberg wich fines the husband three or foure Dollers for striking his wife as a most vniust Law It is ridiculous to see the wiues of German foote-soldiers going to the warre laded with burthens like she-Asses while the men carry not so much as their own clokes but cast them also vpon the womens shoulders And I should hardly beleeue that the Germans can loue their wiues since loue is gained by louelinesse as the Poet saith vt ameris amabilis esto He that for loue doth thirst Let him be louing first But they while they commaund all things imperiously in the meane time neither for dulnes court them with any pleasant speech nor in curtesie grace them in publike so much as with a kisse It is a common saying Dotem accepi Imperium vendidi I tooke a Dowry with my Wife And lost the freedome of my life But howsoeuer the Germans haue great Dowries in marriage and their Wiues haue power to make a Testament for disposing their goods with many like priuiledges and howsoeuer they be also prouoked with these iniuries yet the men keep them within termes of duty May not we then iustly maruell that Englishmen hauing great power ouer their Wiues so as they can neither giue any thing in life nor haue power to make a will at death nor can call any thing their owne no not so much is their garters yea the Law I must confesse too seuerely permitting the Husband in some cases to beate his Wife and yet the Husbands notwithstanding all their priuiledges vsing their Wiues with all respect and giuing them the cheefe seates with all honours and preheminences so as for the most part they would carry burthens goe on foote fast and suffer any thing so their Wiues might haue ease ride feast and suffer nothing notwithstanding no people in the World that euer I did see beare more scornes indignities and iniuries from the pampered sort of Women then they doe Surely either these our Women want the modesty of the Wiues or else our Men haue not I will not say the seuerity which I lesse approue but rather the grauity and constancy of the Husbands in Germany But while the Germans thus vse their Wiues like Seruants they behaue themselues as Companions towards their Seruants who bring in meate to the Table with their heads couered and continually talke with their Masters without any reuerence of the cap or like duty The Germans are neither too indulgent nor too sterne to their sonnes and daughters yet they giue them no tender education but as they bring their children naked into the hot stoaues so they expose them naked to frost and snow Neither doe they exact any humility or respect from their children who in all places are familiar with their Parents neuer stir their hats when they speak to them when they goe to bed they aske not blessing on their knees as our children doe but shake hands with them which is a signe of familiarity among friends in Germany as in most other places A Gentleman
neuer so poore will not marry the richest Merchants Daughter nor a Gentlewoman vpon any condition any other then a Gentleman Neither is there any iuster cause of disinheriting then base marriage which pollution of blood the Kinsmen will not suffer as in our age hath beene seene by notable examples One in the House of Austria whereof the Arch Duke of Inspruch married the Daughter of a Citizen in Augsburg which his Kinsmen would not suffer till he conditioned that her children should not succeed him in his Fees as they did not though at this time they were liuing The other of an Earle who marrying the Daughter of a Citizen in Nurnberg was cast in prison by his Kinsmen till he left her Hee is not accounted a Gentleman who is not so by foure descents at the least both by the Fathers and the Mothers side and I remember that the Monkes of Luneburg by Statute may not admit any man into their number who hath not eight degrees on both sides yea the Germans are so superstitious in this kind as a Gentleman may haue an action against him who saith hee is no Gentleman For the better coniecture of Gentlemens estemation in Germany I remember one of the cheefe called Von of Shulenburg whom I did see and hee was said to haue foureteene thousand gold Guldens yeerely rent and neuer to ride without forty or fifty Horse to attend him But I cannot sufficiently maruell that the Gentlemen howsoeuer sometimes learned yet proudly despise Graduates of the Vniuersity no lesse or more then Merchants which I found not onely by common practice but also by my priuate experience For conuerting with a Gentleman hee perceiuing that I spake Latin better then hee thought became a Gentleman asked mee how long I did study in the Vniuersity and when I said that I was Master of Arts which degree our best Gentlemen disdaine not I found that hee did after esteeme mee as a Pedant whereupon finding by discourse with others that Gentlemen dispise these degrees I sorbore after to make this my degree knowne to any And it seemed more strange to me that Gentlemen first rising by learning warfare and trafficke they onely iudge warfare worthy to raise and continue Gentlemen but indeed the trafficke of Germany is poore being cheefly of things wrought by manuall Artists which they haue some pretence to disdaine whereas in Italy trafficke is the sinew of the Common-wealth which the most noble disdaine not And it were to be wished that in England where trafficke is no lesse noble the practice thereof were no staine to Gentry When I told an English Gentleman the pride of the Gentlemen in Germany despising degrees of Learning and he heard that the Gentlemen were vulgarly called Edelmen he pleasantly said that they were so called of the English words Idle Men. The Gentlemen of Germany beare the Armes of their Mother though shee be no Heire as well as of their Father and commonly they ioine to them in steede of a mot or sentence certaine great letters that signifie words as D. H. I. M. T. signifying Der herr I st Mein Trost that is The Lord is my comfort and likewise F. S. V. signifying Fide sed vide that is Trust but beware Also Citizens and Artists beare Armes of their owne inuention and tricked out fully as the Armes of Gentlemen onely the helmet is close which Gentlemen beare open Among the generall Orders of Knights into which Gentlemen of all nations are admitted the Templaries in the yeere 1124 were confirmed by Pope Honorius being so called of the Temple at Ierusalem in part whereof they dwelt Histories report that Pope Gregory the ninth incited them to doe great domage by their treachery to the Emperour Fredericke making the holy warre in Asia At last the inducing of heathenish Religion all kinds of lust and intemperance and the suspition of their conspiring with the Turkes or the feare of their too great power made Pope Clement the fifth a Frenchman and residing at Auignon first to extinguish the Order in France then in all Christendome in the yeere 1312 The second Order of the Iohanites or Saint Iohn was instituted by Balduine the second King of Ierusalem Then in the yeere 1308 they tooke the I le of Rhodes and were called the Knights of Rhodes till they were expelled thence by the Turkes in the yeere 1522 and then possessing the Iland of Malta they are to this day called the Knights of Malta And great part of the Templaries rents was giuen to this Order into which of old none but Gentlemen were admitted The third Order of the Teutonikes that is Germans was instituted in the yeere 1190 in the time of the Emperour Henry the sixth They were called Hospitals of the Hospitall which they kept neere the Sepulcher of Christ to entertaine Pilgrimes At last all Christians being driuen out of Palestine they remoued their seate to Venice whence being called by the Duke of Moscouy against the Prussians they seated themselues in Prussia Liuonia and Curlandia They were all borne of noble Parents and did weare a white cloake with a black crosse The Polonians in the yeere 1410 killed the Master of the Order and many thousands of the Knighs When many Cities vnder the protection of the King of Poland sought their liberty in the yeere 1450 and this Order had wonne a battell against the King at last because the Citizens refused to pay the Souldiers the Knights themselues betraied their Cities to the Polonians and after much blood shed on both parts at last in the yeere 1466 peace was made with couenants that the King of Poland should haue Pomerella with other Castles and Townes and that the Order should retaine Kingspurg And finally in the yeere 1547 this Order was totally extinguished the Master thereof being as they said forced to these conditions namely that Albert Marquesse of Brandeburg being of the E'ectors Family then Master of the Order should become vassall to the King of Poland and should possesse Konigspurg with title of a Duke to him and his brethren of the same venter and their Heires Males for euer In which Dukedome were fifty foure Castles and eighty sixe Townes Moreouer that the said Duke should take new Armes and a Dukall habit and when hee came to doe his homage at Crakaw in Poland should haue his seate by the Kings side but that vpon Male Heires failing the Dukedome should fall to the Kingdome of Poland which was to prouide for the Daughter and Heire according to her degree and to appoint no other Gouernour of the Prouince then a German hauing inheritance in Prussia In the time of my being at Dantzke it was said that Duke Albert was growne into a Frensie by a poysoned cup giuen him at his marriage with the Daughter of the Duke of Cleue and the common speech was that the eldest sonne to the Elector of Brandeburg was daily expected in the Dukes Court to marry
those of Friburg those of Scheneberg those of Anneberg and those of the valey of Ioachim of al which I haue written at large in the Geographicall description And no doubt this Elector is potent in treasure so as how soeuer he be inferiour in dignity to the Elector Palatine yet he is most powerfull of all the Electors Among the walled Cities subiect to him not to speake of the Townes Castles and pleasant Villages Leipzig is next to Dresden to which it onely yeelds for the fortifications and the Electors Court Leipzig giues the Law to the vpper Territorie as Wittenburg doth to the lower and both are adorned by being Vniuersities but at Leipzig the Scabines sit Iudges of great Authoritie for the Law of Saxony being in number seuen namely three Senators of the City and foure Doctors of the Ciuill Law But Wittenberg hath not the right of the Sword to execute malefactors which the Elector Augustus they say translated to Leipzig because the Iudges obstinately denied him power to pardon malefactors or to moderate the Law So as when any man is capitally accused at Wittenberg the cause is first referred to the Scabines at Leipzig who finding him guilty giue power to the Senators of Wittenberg to pronounce sentence and doe execution Wittenberg is no faire City but a famous Vniuersitie and at this time had a great many of Students and it is not subiect to the Duke as inheritance from his progenitors but as he is Elector for to the Electorship it properly belongeth Besides the great tributes it pales for Beare it also yeelds yeerely to the Duke 1500 gold Guldens for the Bridge built ouer the Elue Here as in all other places Lime and Brick are sold in the Dukes name and to his vse As well Leipzig as Wittenberg in difficult cases aske counsell for the Ciuill Law of their owne and if need be of forraigne Vniuersities where the Doctors of the Ciuill Law in the name of the Faculty write downe their iudgement in the case propounded These Doctors are also Aduocates whereof there were twenty two at this time at Leipzig and because this profession is much esteemed the Germans willingly apply themselues to the study thereof The Count Palatine of the Rheine by old institution is cheefe among the temporall Electors and is of the same Family of which the Dukes of Bauaria descend The Pedegree of them both is deriued from the Emperour Charles the Great Otho the elder brother Palatine of Wirtelbach vpon the proscription of the Duke of Bauaria had that Dukedome conferred on him in fee by the Emperour in the yeere 1180. From his younger brother descend the Counts of Salmes now liuing But from the said Otho the elder brother are descended both the Palatines Electors and the Dukes of Bauaria now liuing Lodwicke Duke of Bauaria who died in the yeere 1231 receiued the Palatinate of the Rheine in fee from the Emperour Fredericke the second Otho the fourth succeeded him in the Dukedome of Bauaria and the Palatinate of the Rheine and was the first Elector of this Family who died in the yeere 1253. His sonne Lodwicke the seuere Elector Pallatine and Duke of Bauaria made Rodolphus of Habsburg Emperour who was the first Emperour of the House of Austria He married this Emperours Daughter died in the yeere 1294 leauing two sonnes who diuided the inheritance as followeth From this Rodulphus discend the Counts Palatines and Electors Rodulphus the elder Brother was Count Palatine of the Rheine Elector who died 1319. Rupert Palatine of the Rheine Elector founded the Vniuersitie in Heidelberg in the yeere 1346. Rupert Elector and Emperour died in the yeere 1410. Lodwick Count Palatine and Elector The Elector Frederike the second discending from him freed Vienna from the siege of the Turkes and died 1556. Otho Henrich his Nephew died 1559 without heires males and so the Electorship fell to the Duke of Zweybruck Stephen Duke of Zweybruck Frederike Palatine Iohn the first Iohn the second Frederike the third succeeded Otho Henrich in the Electorship and died 1576. Lodwick the fourth Elector Palatine married the daughter of the Langraue of Hessen and died 1583. Frederike the fourth Elector then Pupill to Iohn Casimire his Vncle. The first house of the Palatines and Electors in two branches Christian his sole Sister Iohn Casunire was Tutor to his Nephew and Elector in his nonage and married Elizabeth sister to Christian Duke of Saxony and died 1592. Dorethea his sole Daughter Elizabeth married to Iohn Frederike Duke of Saxony called of Coburg Susan Dorothy married to Iohn William Duke of Saxonie called of Wineberg Anna Maria maried to Phillip the 2 Langraue of Hessen Kunigunde Iacobe married to the Count of Nassawe Richard D. of Hunneseruck liuing when I wrote this The 2 brach of the first house Lodwick the blacke Alexander Lodwick Wolfgang D. of Sweybruck maried the Daughter to the Langraue of Hessen and died in the French warres 1569. Phillip Lodwick married the daughter to the Duke of Iulice Of three Daughters one married to Frederike William Duke of Saxony Wolfgang borne 1578. Augustus borne 1582. Iohn Frederike borne 1587. Iohn married to another Daughter of the Duke of Iulce Two Sonnes and two Daughters The second House of the Countes Palatines in foure branches then liuing the last branches being multiplied from Phillip Lodwick being then children Frederike married the Daughter of the Duke of Lignic Two Twins borne 1591. Otho Henrich married the Daughter to the Duke of Wirterberg He had both sons and daughters Eight Sisters partly dead partly liuing then Rupert Of Rupert is George borne of the Daughter to Gustanus King of Swetia who then was liuing He had 3 sonnes and diuers daughters A fifth branch of the second house of the Countes Palatines Thus of Rodulphus the eldest sonne to Lodwick the Seuere descend two houses in many branches of the Countes Palatines whereof the chiefe and first hath the Electorship And of Lodwick the Emperour the second sonne to Lodwick the Seuere descend the Dukes of Bauaria as followeth Lodwick the yonger Brother was D. of Bauaria and was made Emperor who died 1347. The Dukes of Bauaria Lodwick the Emperour had two sonnes Stephen Duke of Bauaria who died 1392. Frederike Duke of Bauaria died 1404. George the rich founded the Vniuersitie of Ingolstat and built the Colledge of Saint George and died 1503. Elizabeth his Daughter was maried to Rupert Count Palatine and to Rupert George by his last Will gaue the Dukedome of Bauaria but the Emperour Maximiuan would not confirme this gift as iniurious to the next heire in this pedegree whence rose the warre of Bauaria Iohn of Monach Duke of Bauaria died 1397. Albert the third refused to be chosen King of Bohemia and died 1460. Albert the fourth brought the Channons of 2 Monasteries to Monach and that of his owne authoritie for which he hardly escaped the proscription of the Empire and to him the Emperour adiudged the
ninth being ouercome promised them peace He first made league with the Elector of Saxony and the Langraue of Hessen and died suddenly in a Bath in the yeere 1486. By his first Wife Daughter to the Marquisse of Baden he had Iohn Marquisse and Elector commonly called the Cicero of Germany he died 1499. And had two sisters by his mother Ioachim the first Elector founded the Vniuersity at Franckfort vpon Viadrus in the yere 1506 he maried Elizabeth daughter to the King of Denmark and died 1535. Ioachim the second Elector for killing a Turk had a Military Girdle of Charles the fift to whose part he was firme and obtained life for the captiue Elector of Saxony he died 1571. By Magdalen daugh to Geo. the Bearded D. of Saxony Iohannes Georgius the Elector then liuing borne in the yeere 1525. By his first wife Sophia as some say daughter to the Count of Barba hee had Ioachim Frederick borne 1546 heire to the Electorship at this time Administrator of the Archbishopk. of Halla Hee married one of the House of Brandeburg in the yeere 1570 if I be not deceiued had at this time a second wife the daughter of the Duke of Wirteberg Iohn Sigismond borne 1572. Anna Catherina borne 1575. George borne 1577. Augustus borne 1580 Chanon of Strasburg Albert Frederike borne 1581. Ioachim a Twin borne 1582. Ernest a Twin borne 1582. Christian Wilhelm borne 1588. By Sabina daughter to George Marquis of Brandeburg married 1547 and dying 1574. Hee had three daughters Ermund married to Iohn Frederick D. of Pomern Anna Maria married to the eldest brother D. of Pomern and Sophia married to Christian Elector of Saxony 1582. By Elionora daughter to the Prince of Anhalt married 1577 at the fifty three yeere of his age and fourteenth of her age he had three sonnes Christian and Ioachim Ernest and a third whose name I know not and in the yeere 1592 when he was 67 yeeres old he had a daughter besides two other daughters formerly begotten Barbara maried to the D. of Bregan in Stlesia Elizabetha Magdalena married to Otho D. of Luneburg Heduigis maried to Iulius Duke of Brunswick Sophia married to the Barron of Rosenburg Viceroy in Bohemia 1564. Iohn leagued with the Protestants yet serued the Emperour at his brothers perswasion but after ioined with Mauritius Elector of Saxony against the Emperour he died 1570. Fiue sisters Anne married to the Duke of Meckelburg Elizabeth to the Duke of Brunswick Margaret to the Duke of Pomern Elizabeth to George Marquis of Brandeburg And Catherine to bee Anna married to the King of Denmark Frederick the first died 1521. Vrsula married to the Duke of Pomerania another Vrsula to the Duke of Meckelburg Albert Archbishop and Elector of Mentz Cardinall made the war of Religion which Lodwick Elector Palatine appeased He died 1545. By his second wife Anne Daughter to Frederick the second Elector of Saxony he had Frederick the fifth Marquisse of Brandeburg in Franconia and Voytland Hee married the daughter of Casimire King of Poland and died in the yeere 1536. Hee had fiue sisters by his mother three married two Nunnes Casimire married the daughter to the D. of Banaria he died 1577. Albert called the Alcibiades of Germany most warlike was proscribed by the Empire and died in banishment in the yeere 1557. Marie married to Frederick Elector Palatine died 1567. George gaue the Confession of Religion at Augsburg Geo. Fred. recouered Prustia from the K. of Poland took it in Fee 1578. He married Elizabeth of Brandeburg 1558 and Sophia daughter to the D. of Brunswick 1579. He had fiue sisters William Bishop of Regenspurg died 1563. Albert Mr. of the Teutonike Order being ouercome by the King of Poland was made D. of Prussia the Order being extinguished and founded the Vniuersitie at Konigsberg he died 1568. By the daughter of the Duke of Brunswick he had Albert Frederick borne 1553 said to be frantick so as George Frederick his vncles son gouerned the Dukedome of Prussia he was at this time liuing By the daughter of the D. of Iulec hee had some daughters How the Tentonike Order was extinguished and of the succession in Prussia is formerly spoken in this Chapter and in the Geographicall description of Germany By Dorothy Queene of Denmark hee had Anna Sophia married to the Duke of Meckelburg and she died 1591. Besides males and females dying young Fiue sisters all married The first Marquisse and first Elector of this Family Conrade diuiding the Principalitie with his brother gouerned at Nurnberg and foure of his posterity were great Commanders of the Order of the Teutonike Knights Eitel Frederick Count of Zoller Hitherto I haue spoken of the Temporall Electors The fecond among the Spirituall Electors is the Arch-bishop of Mentz which Seate when I passed through Germany was possessed by Wolfgang of the noble Family of Dalberg and all his Kinsmen dwelling heare Heidelberg were of the Reformed Religion after the doctrine of Luther and therefore lesse esteemed him who notwithstanding was thought no enemie to the Reformed Religion but rather willing to permit it did he not feare the opposition of the Chapter For Gebhard Truchsesse Arch-bishop of Colen and Elector had lately bin deposed and another placed in that Seate because he maried Agnes Countesse of Mansfield with whom at that time he liued being made a Cannon at Strasburg for that citie hauing abolished the Roman Religion yet kept the places of Cannons without any bond of superstition and vsed to bestow them onely vpon Princes and Gentlemen of the Reformed Religion and in this citie he then liued a quiet life after he had in vaine tried by force of Armes to regaine that Arch-Bishoprick The third Spirituall Elector but first by institution is the Arch-Bishop of Trier a Citie seated beyond the Rheine vpon the confines of France which Seate when I passed through Germany was possessed by Iohn if I mistake not his name of the Noble Family of Schonburg And whereas the other Electors dwell in the cities whereof they are named for the most part his continuall abode was at the castle Erbrotsteine seated neare the Rheine some halfe daies iourney from Trier All these Arch-Bishops haue not onely Spirituall but also Temporall power in all their Territories The Families of the Langraues of Hessen is deriued from Lambert Count of Hannow who died in the yeere 1015. Of his first branch come the Margraues of Berg and also the Barrons of Grimberg Of the second branch come the Langraues of Hessen whose Progenitor Lodwick called the Gentle being chosen Emperour refused that burthen and died in the yeere 1458. Phillip vnited to the Protestant Princes in the league of Smalcald and ioyning his forces with the Elector of Saxony against the Emperour Charles the fifth was perswaded by his friends when the Electors Army was broken to yeeld himselfe to the Emperour by whom he was kept prisoner for a time contrary to promise He founded the Vniuersitie at
inheritance in Brabant and Flaunders excepting the Principality of Orange seated in France neare the City of Marseits und when he suspected the counsels of the King of Spaine into whose net Count Egmond confident in his innocency and great seruice done to the King and the Count of Horne vnaduisedly fell he first withdrew himselfe into France and after into Holland where as I said hee ioyned with the States of the Vnited Prouinces and was much respected and loued of them all inioying from them honourable meanes of maintenance well deserued in that his name and assistance much profited the common cause He had many wiues first he married the Countesse of Buren sole daughter and heire to her father and she bare him a sonne who in the beginning of these troubles was a Student in the Vniuersity of Louan whence the Gouernour called him and sent him into Spaine and she bore him likewise a daughter which was married to Count Hollock a German well respected by the States for his warlike reputation and good seruices done to them and he with his wife liued in Holland when I passed through these parts His second wife was the sister to the Elector of Saxony by whom he had the foresaid Count Maurice who yet being young succeeded his father in the generall conduct of the States Army and about this time whereof I write had taken two strong Cities in Brabant the inheritance of the Prince of Orange namely Bredaw and Getrudenberg and because they were part of the Earledome of Buren some difference was then about them betweene the said Count Maurice and his said sister by the fathers side wherein it was generally said that the States fauoured the Count. Also the Prince had by this wife a daughter after married to the Gouernour of Friesland His third wife was sister to the Duke of Mompensier in France which had been a Nun and by her hee had sixe daughters Lewis married to the Palatine of the Rhein Marie then liuing at Hage the third liuing then in France the fourth with the Count of Schwarthenburg and Francis also then liuing at Hage and a sixth then brought vp in the County of Nassaw His fourth wife was a French Lady of the Family Chastillon famous in that worthy Admirall of France killed in the Parisian Massacre And this wife after the Prince was slaine liued then at Hage with her onely sonne by him who being borne at Delph in Holland was therefore and for many respects much regarded by the Hollanders and yet being a childe was honoured with military commands and a large stipend for his maintenance and shortly after had the title of Colonell of Holland with no small addition to his meanes Being now to speake of the Magistrates Lawes and degrees of Orders in this Commonwealth it will not be amisie first for coniecture of the generall estate of Netherland to write some few things out of Marchantius a Flemming and other approued Authours particularly of the County of Flanders for the preheminence it alwaies had ouer the rest of the Prouinces The chiefe strength of the Common-wealth of Flanders is in the Counsell or Parliament of the three generall States namely of the Clergy the Nobility and the foure members in steed of the people making the third estate in other Kingdomes and without the consent of these the Earles were neuer wont to exact money or make warre And howsoeuer the King of Spaine hath weakned the authority of this Counsell yet when Subsidies are imposed the very forme of old proceeding comforts the people as a shadow of their old liberty The Earle by writing is to appoint the time and place of this Assembly or in the Earles name the Counsell of Flanders vsed to call together the Burgesses or Deputies thereof In these three States the Clergy is of chiefe dignitie as well for their degree as for the greatnesse of their reuenewes and many Territories vnder their command and among these were onely fiue Bishops till Pope Pius the fourth in the yeere 1560 estalished three new seates of Bishops at Gant Bruges and Ypre The first degree of Nobility is that of Barons hauing their name of Banners which they are bound to follow whereof there bee very many in Flanders and of them some in later times haue beene raised to the titles of Earles and Princes In the second ranke are the Lords of Townes and Villages whence Gentlemen haue their sirnames and they cannot be numbered without tediousnesse But almost all of them haue possession giuen them from some of the Feudatory Courts of the Earles of Flanders and differ in many customes but in this all agree that he who hath this fee cannot alienate it without the consent of the Prince and the next heire or vpon oath giuen in Court that hee doth it for pouerty and want The inheritance of Fees descends to the eldest sonnes a third part reserued for the younger brothers so they giue ouer to the elder their part in the other goods that are not in Fee And it is an high fault if these Lords impose any tribute vpon their subiects except it bee with the consent of the Earle of Flaunders There bee some of these that are called vassals whereof some are clients of an higher some of a lower degree And the Earle of Flanders hath about seuenteene feudatory Courts and the number is very great of Clients in Fee depending immediately vpon one or other of the said Courts whereby the Earle hath many pecuniary profits and other seruices vpon fines and alienations of inheritance In the third rancke of Gentlemen are they who hold inheritance in Fee whereof some are tied to the Iurisdiction and Counsell of the Earle as the Chancelor so called of correcting or cancelling writings ill drawne with blotting outlines which dignitie is tied to the Prepositure of Bruges Church and before the Counsell of Flaunders was erected this Office was of greater authoritie then now it is Others of this kind are Burgraues or Castellanes or high Sheriffes who are set Iudges ouer Townes and Castles with prerogatiue to haue a proportion of the mulcts or fines which dignity belongs to certaine Families and may be alienated to others by sale or for dowrie in marriage and all haue not the like but diuers iurisdiction and preheminence The Burgraue of 〈◊〉 hath the Lordship or command of the Towne which no other Burgraue hath the ruling of the weights in the Market the customes at the Gate capitall Iudgement the fines that are vnder three pounds of Paris and a part with the Earle of the greater fines and the power to appoint the Baily Scabins and Burgomafter and a third part of the goods of bastards dying without children Also the Burgraue of Ypre takes an oath to himselfe of the Officers of that Towne as well as to the Earle and he hath the fines and power to appoint Magistrates Others of this third rancke of Gentlemen haue warlike Offices by inheritance as the
Hill and a Hill to a Mount Many doe falsely thinke that it had the name of such vessels in which tribute was brought to Rome and then the vessels were broken here Of old eight bridges were built ouer Tyber among which is reckoned Pons Miluius vulgarly Ponte Mole without the gate IIII Delpopolo more then a mile distant from Rome and neere this bridge Constantine the Great vnder the signe of the Crosse did ouercome the tyrant Maxentius Also this bridge was famous for the night lusts of Nero The second bridge is called XXXV di Castel ' Sant ' Angelo and it was of old called Elius of the Emperour Elius Adrianus who built it but Pope Nicholas the fifth built it as now it stands and set vpon it the Image of Saint Peter with his keyes and of Saint Paul with his sword The third bridge is called XXXVI Vaticanus as leading to that Mount and was also of old called Triumphalis of the Triumphes passing vpon it and it was not lawfull for the Countrey people to enter that way but at this day onely the ruines thereof are seene The fourth bridge is called XXXVII Ponte-Sisto of Pope Sixtus the fourth who repaired it It was of old called Ianiculonsis of that Mount and Aurelius of the way of that name and it was built of marble by Antoninus Pius and after being decaied was long called Ponte Rotto that is the broken bridge till the said Pope repaired it in the yeere 1475. and it is two hundred and fifteene foote broad and is built vpon three Arches of stone The fifth bridge ioining Rome and the Iland and next to the Capitolium is called XXXVIII Ponte at quattro Capt and was of old called Tarpeius of the Rocke Tarpcia which is in the Mount Capitolino and was called Fabricius of the repairer and it is seuenty foot long and hath but one Arch of stone The sixth bridge of a Church neere it is called XXXIX di S. Maria AEgittiaca and was of old called Scnatorim and Palatinus and it is somewhat longer then the bridge Sisto The seuenth bridge of a Church neere it is called XL di S. Bartolomeo and it is opposite to the fifth bridge and ioineth the Iland with that part of Rome called Trasteuere and of old it was called Psquilinus and Cestius and it is sixty foot long hauing but one Arch of stone The eight bridge at the foot of the Mount Auentine was of old called XLI Sublicius because it was built of wood in the warre with the Tuscanes that it might be more easily broken and repaired And we read that the Tuscanes being Victors had taken Rome if Horatius Cocles had not defended the bridge till it was broken downe behind him which done he saued himselfe by swimming After that Emilius Lepidus built this bridge of stone and called it Emilius and when it was broken with floods first the Emperour Tyberius repaired it and then Antoninus Pius built it very high of marble condemned men were cast from it into the water This bridge being the first that was built ouer Tyber now is not to be seene by any ruines Rome by the great power of the Emperours and since of the Popes hath beene long most famous and was first built in Latium vpon Tyber fifteene miles from the Tyrrhene sea as the Greekes write by Ascanius Eurilantes Romulus and Remus Nephewes to AEneas or as other Greekes write by the Achiui or as other Greekes write by the sonnes of Roma a woman of Troy married to the Latine King of the Aborigenes which sonnes were Romulus and Remus or as Xenagoras writes by the sonne of Vlisses by Circe to omit many other opinions of the Greekes The Latine Historians doe no lesse vary Some say it was built by the sonnes of AEneas namely Romulus and Remus Others say that Ascanius built Alba and Remus built Capua and Romulus built Ianiculum after called Rome But I omit these diuers opinions and will follow Leander the Fryar who saith that Rome the daughter of the King in Italy built Rome the same yeere that Moses was borne And when the City had beene long forsaken for the vnwholsome ayre of the Fennes adioining that Euander comming from Arcadia into Italy seated himselfe vpon the Mount Palatine and built a City called Palantium of his City in Arcadia and he being dead that Hercules comming with an Army left some of his consorts here who built vpon the Mount of Saturnius after called Capitolinus Before the destruction of Troy for the vnwholsome aire Rome being againe forsaken that the Albani began to dwell there in Cottages and seed their flockes there For by the continuall ouer flowings of Tyber the field was made fenny and the aire vnwholsome but Historians write that vpon sacrifices made to God Vertuno these Fennes by little and little were dried vp Hee adde that Amulius tooke the Kingdome of the Albani from his brother Numiter whose daughter Rhea a Vestall Virgin being great with child by Amulius Mars or any other brought forth Romulus and Remus and Amulius left them by Tyber to perish in the waters but a shee wolfe sed them and after Faustulus ouerseer of al the flocks and cattell of Amulius tooke them home who comming to ripe yeeres killed Amulius and restored their Grand-father Numitor to his Kingdome but themselues being desirous to build a City vpon the Mount Palatine at the foote whereof they had been cast out Romulus drew with a plow the circuit of the Citie of a quadrangular forme in the 430. yeere after the destruction of Troy and in the yeere of the World 3211. He gaue Mount Celius to be inhabited by Celius King of Toseany aiding him against the Sabines and then taking by force the Sabine weomen and they making peace betweene them he gaue to Tatius and his Sabines for their dwelling the Mountaines Capitolinus and Quirinalis and to his brother Remus the Mount Auentinus and kept for himselfe and his men the Mountaines Palatinus and Esquilinus till the rest being dead himselfe alone became Lord of all The seuen rockes were of old called seuen hils hauing a pleasant plaine betweene them and Tyber and this circuit is in forme of a bent bowe the Tyber standing for the string Romu'us made the City foure square but he being dead Ancus Martius inclosed the Mount Ianiculus beyond Tyber and Seruius inclosed other Mounts on this side of the Tyber Six Kings raigned two hundred forty three yeeres in Rome and Torquine being banished it became a popular State wherein Consuls yeerely chosen did gouerne and eight hundred eighty seuen Consuls in foure hundred sixty foure yeeres by forty three battels obtained the Empire almost of the whole world In the meane time the Decemuiri that is tenne men ruled for two yeeres and the Tribunes for Military affaires hauing Consular power ruled forty three yeeres and in the time of any difficult warre a Dictator was chosen who with absolute power ruled till that businesse was ended
Sunday by twilight of the morning we set sayle from Ioppa and coasting the shoare of Asia had the land so neere vs euery day as wee might easily distinguish the situation of the Cities and Territories And first we passed by the Citie called Caesaria Philippi seated in a Plaine and twentie fiue miles distant from Ioppa which of old was a famous Citie but now for the most part ruined and become an infamous nest of Turkes Moores and Arabians Here Christ raised to life the daughter of Iairus and healed the woman which for twelue yeetes had a flux of bloud And here Saint Peter did baptize the Centurion Cornelius and Saint Paul in the presence of Foelix disputed with Tertullus Here Titus the sonne of Vespasian landing when hee came to destroy Ierusalem cast great multitudes of Iewes to wilde beasts to be deuoured In the right way to Tripoli Antipatris was not farre distant which Herod did rebuild and thither the souldiers did leade Saiint Paul by the command of the Tribune Lysias but we could not see this Village Next we did see the Pilgrims Castle now called Tortora Then we sailed by the Promontory hanging farre ouer the Sea of the Mountaine Carmelus made famous by the aboade of the Prophet Elias Then we passed within sight of the old Citie Ptolemais after called Achon and Acri seated in a faire playne within a Creeke of the sea of the same name and compassing the Citie And such afaire plaine lyes all along the Coast from Ioppa to Tripoli This Citie was famous by the armies of Europe passing to conquer these parts and at this day it hath a large circuit compassed with walls and a commodious Hauen and is thirtie fiue miles distant from Caesaria From hence salling twentie miles we passed by the Citie Tyrus then called Sur the ruines whereof witnesse the old magnificence The seate thereof seemed most pleasant being built vpon a low Rocke in the forme of a Peninsule which Rocke was part of a high Promontory hanging ouer the sea And it may appeare how strongly it was fortified of old by Quintus Curtius relating the difficulties with which Alexander the Great took and subdued the same When we had sailed some ten miles further we did see the ruines of Sarepta where the Prophet Eleas lodged with a widdow in the time of a great famine After we had sayled some twenty miles further we did see and passed by the City Sydon now called Saetta seated on the North side of a Promontory and lying towards the West and South to the very sea side These most pleasant Territories are inhabited by wicked people but God sent vs a faire wind by which we escaped from them into whose Ports if we had beene driuen they would haue taken all lust and vniust occasions to extort money from vs if they did vs no worse harme Mention is often made in the Holy Seriptures of Sydon Tire and these Territories as well in the old as new Testament the particulars whereof I omit Here first we did gladly see the hils and high tops of Mount Lybanus being a very pleasant and fruitful mountaine the wines whereof are carried as farre is Haleppo The Castle Barutti is some two miles distant from the Promontory of Saetta and it is seated vpon the North-side of a hil hanging ouer the sea Here they say that Saint George deliuered the Kings daughter by killing a Dragon And to this place as also to Tyre and Sydon there is great concourse of Merchants who haue their chiefe trafficke at Damaseus and especially at Haleppo From hence we passed ten miles to Biblis then after ten miles saile we passed by 〈◊〉 and againe after ten miles saile by a Promontory which the Italians call Capo Peso Lastly we passed ten miles sailing by a most pleasant plaine and so vpon Thursday the seuenteenth of Iune landed at Tripoli of Syria so called for difference from Tripoli in Africke The Hauen is compassed with a wall and lies vpon the west-side of the City whereif were many little Barkes and some Shippes of Marsiles in France The Hauen is fortified with seuen Towers whereof the fourth is called the Tower of Loue because it was built by an Italian Merchant who was found in bed with a Turkish woman which offence is capitall as well to the Turke as Christian if he had not thus redeemed his life Vpon the Hauen are built many store-houses for Merchants goods and shops wherein they are fet to sayle The City of Tripoli is some halfe mile distant from the Hauen to which the way is sandy hauing many gardens on both sides In this way they shew a pillar fastned vpon a hill of sand by which they say the sand is inchanted lest it should grow to ouerwhelme the City Likewise they shew other pillars vnder which they say great multitudes of Scorpions were in like sort inchanted which of old wasted all that Territory and they thinke that if these pillars were taken away the City would be destroied by the sand and Scorpions The length of the City somewhat passeth the bredth and lieth from the South to the North seated vpon the side of an hill so cut by nature as it conueyes a brooke into the streetes Vpon the West side of the City towards the South corner is a Castle vpon a high hill which the French men built of old to keepe the Citizens in subiection and therein the Great Turke to the same end keepes a garrison of Souldiers vnder his Agha or Gouernour of the City Vpon the East side are two bridges ouer the foresaid brooke whence many pleasant fountains spring which running from the South to the North passe through the streetes of the City and then water the gardens Beyond this brooke are fruitfull hils and beyond the hils Mount Lybanus lies so high as it hinders all further prospect which mountaine is very pleasant abounding with fruitfull trees and with grapes yeelding a rich wine Vpon the North side without the gates are many most pleasant gardens in which they keepe great store of silke-wormes for the Turks sell their raw silke to the Italians and buy of them the stuffes wouen thereof The building of Tripoli and of these parts is like to that of Cyprus and Ierusalem The streete that leades to the way of Haleppo is broad the rest narrow and the aire and waters are vnhealthfull Mount Lybanus as I formerly said is incredibly fruitfull and the plaine of Tripoli reaching ten miles is more fruitfull then can easily be expressed bearing great store of pleasant fruites whereof one among the rest is called Amazza-Franchi that is kill Frankes or French because the men of Europe died in great numbers by eating immoderately thereof The plaine of Tripoli did of old yeeld two hundred thousand crownes yeerely to the Count thereof as Historians write And how soeuer the old trafficke of Tripoli is for the most part remoued to
Fitten to Robert Annesley to Edward Barkley to Sir Henry Vthered to Sir William Courtney to Robert Strowde and to their heires were granted 96165 Acres with rents nine hundred three thirty pound foure shillings halfe penny sterling In Corke by patent to Vane Beacher to Henrie North to Arthur Rawlins to Arthur Hide to Hugh Cuffe to Sir Thomas Noris to Warham Sent-leger to S t Thomas Stoyes to Master Spencer to Thomas Fleetwood and Marmaduke Edmunds and to their heires were granted 88037 Acres with rents fiue hundred twelue pound seuen shillings sixe pence halfe penny sterling In Waterford and Tripperary by Patent to the Earle of Ormond to Sir Christopher Hatton to Sir Edward Fitton to Sir Walter Rawleigh and to their heires were granted 22910 Acres with rent three hundred and three pound three pence sterling These Vndertakers did not people these Seigniories granted them and their heires by Patent as they were bound with well affected English but either sold them to English Papists such as were most turbulent and so being daily troubled and questioned by the English Magistrate were like to giue the most money for the Irish land or otherwise disposed them to their best profit without respect of the publike good neither did they build Castles and doe other things according to their couenants for the publike good but onely sought their priuate ends and so this her Maiesties bounty to them turned not to the strengthning but rather to the weakening of the English Gouernement in that Prouince of Mounster Touching the Rebellion of the Earle of Tyrone the worthy Antiquary Camden mentioneth Neale the Great tyrannising in Vlster and great part of Ireland before the comming of Saint Patrick into that Kingdome about the yeere of our Lord 431 adding that this Family notwithstanding liued after more obscurely not onely till the English entered to conquer Ireland about the yeere 1169 but after that to the time that the Scots vnder Edward Bruce attempted to conquer that Kingdome about the yeere 1318. In which turbulent time Doneualdus O Neale started vp and in his letters to the Pope stiled himselfe King of Vlster and true Heire of all Ireland Further Camden addeth that after the appeasing of these troubles this new King vanished and his posteritie lurked in obscuritie till the Ciuill warres of England betweene the Houses of Yorke and Lancastar The seede whereof was sowne by Henry the fourth of Lancastar Family deposing Richard the second of Yorke Family and vsurping the Crowne though Henrie the fourth and his sonne Henrie the fifth by their valour so maintained this vsurpation as no Ciuill warre brake forth in their time nor so long as the noble Brothers of Henrie the fifth and Vncles to Henrie the sixth liued After betweene Henrie the sixth of Lancaster Family and Edward the fourth of Yorke Family this bloudy war was long continued but ended in the death of the next successor Richard the third a double Vsurper both of the House of Lancaster and the Heires of his Brother Edward the fourth of the House of Yorke After in the marriage of Henrie the seuenth with the Daughter and Heire of Edward the fourth both these Houses were vnited and so this bloudie warre well ended From this time behold the Pedigree of the Omales Owen Oneale Hugh mac Owen Art mac Hugh Neale Moore mac Art Hugh Mac Neale Moore Owen Mac Hugh Neale Moore offered to serue against traitor Hugh Foure sonnes Tirlogh Hugh Bryan and Henry liuing when Hugh Oneale rebelled Phileme Roc mac Art Henry Mac Phelime Roc. Turlogh Mac Henry of the Fuse Rebell with Hugh Fiue sonnes then liuing Henrie Mac Owen Oneale married the Daughter of Thomas Earle of Kildare a Giraldine Con More or Great married the Daughter of Gerald Earle of Kildare his Mothers Neece whose Father and himself waxing bold vpon the power of the Earles of Kildare tyrannised ouer the people and despised the titles of Earles Marquises Dukes or Princes in regard of that of Oneale Con Sirnamed Bacco or Lame succeeded Oneale who cursed his posterity if they should learne English fow Corne or build houses to inuite the English His power being suspected of Henrie the eight and the Kings power after the suppression of the Earles of Kildare being feared of him who had rebelled with the Earle he fayled into England and renouncing the name of Oneale and surrendring his Inheritance held by the Irish Law of Tanistry by which a man is preferred to a boy and the Vncle to that Nephew whose Grandfather ouer-liues the Father and commonly the most actiue Knaue not the next Heire is chosen had his land regraunted to him from the King vnder the great Scale of England as to his Vassall with title of Earle of Tyrone Thus in the three and thirty yeere of Henrie the eight an Act of Parliament was made in Ireland with consent of the three Estates of that Kingdome whereby the vsurpation of the title of Oneale was made capitall to this Family and King Henrie and his successors the former stile of Lords being changed were stiled Kings of Ireland and the Lawes of England were receiued to be of force in that Kingdome Phelime Hugh eldest sonne Turlogh Brasilogh Six sonnes at least then liuing and able to serue the Queene Shane or Iohn Oneale succeeding his Father by killing his Brother Matthew and vexing his Father to death was cruell and barbarous and tyrannically challenged the neighbour Lords to be his subiects as Mac Gennys Mac Guire Mac Mahown O Realy O Hanlon O Cahon Mac Brien O Hagan O Quin Mac Cartan Mac Donnell Galloglasse And when Henrie Sidney expostulated this being Lord Iustice in the absence of the Earle of Sussex Lord Deputy he offered to proue by writings that his Ancestors had this authoritie ouer them denying that his Father had any power to resigne his lands to the King which hee held onely for life by Tanistry Law without the consent of the people being to chuse Oneale that is the chiefe of the name Hee made warre against O Realy and imprisoned Collogh Mac Donnell But when Thomas Earle of Sussex L. Deputy led the English forces against him he by the counsel of the Earle of Kildare sailed into England and submitted himselfe to Q. Elizabeth and after for a while conformed himselfe to obedience and ciuilitie But when hee tirannised ouer the Irish Lords and they craued succour of Henrie Sidney Lord Deputy in the yeere 1565 he leading an Army against him seng Edward Randolph with seuen Companies of Foote and a Troope of Horse by Sea to Derry and Loughfoyle to assault the Rebell on the back Against whom the Rebell turning all his forces was so defeated as hee fled for succor to the Scots whose brother he had killed and they at first entertaining him wel after fell to words killed him in the yeere 1567. After in a Parliament at Dublin he was condemned of treason and his lands confiscated and a Law made that no
Marshall of England nor of the Master of the Ordinance and to returne to his owne house there to continue a prisoner as before till it shall please her Maiesty to release both this and all the rest After my Lord Keeper all the rest in order gaue their censures amplifying her Maiesties clemency and the Earles offences according to the manner in the Starre-chamber but all accorded to this censure for so they called it and not a sentence Master Secretary said my censure is that the Earle deserueth c. The greater part of the day was spent in the Lords censures who were many of them very long onely the noble men not Counsellors were short The Earle of Worcester cited these two verses Scilicet a Superis etiam fortuna luenda est Nec veniant laeso numine casus hahet Euen for our fortune Gods may cast vs downe Neither can chance excuse it a God frowne The Earle of Cumberland said if he thought that censure should stand he would craue longer time for it seemed vnto him somewhat hard and heauy intimating how easily a Generall Commander might incurre the like but quoth hee in confidence of her Maiesties mercy I agree with the rest The Lord Zouch would giue no other censure but that which he thought the Earle would lay vpon himselfe that was that he wonld restraine himselfe from executing his Offices c. and keepe himselfe in his house till her Maiesty shall release all They all seemed by their speeches to conceiue a sure hope of her Maiesties releasing this censure and the Earle was reasonably chearefull onely his body seemed weake and distempered with sickenesse and now and then he shewed most manifest tokens of sorrow for his offence to her Maiesty by teares in his eyes specially in the first part of his owne speech and when my Lord Keeper spake Now I returne to the Irish affaires Tyrone on the fifth of Iune wrote to the Countesse of Ormond that he had written to Owny mac Rory requesting him to take pledges for the Earle her husband and so to inlarge him conditionally that he should sweare to doe henceforward no hurt or hinderance to any in action with him And further that the young Lady his mistresse meaning the Earles daughter and heire should in no sort be taken for a pledge especially because it was giuen out that vnder that colour he sought to marry her to his eldest sonne Auowing lastly that where it was said that the Earle was treacherously surprised which could hardly haue beene so proued that Tyrone and his rebellious confederates should haue belceued it he would in that case not onely take his fauour from Owny but procure the Earles inlargement without any condition though by his release all Ireland should be destroied To the same effect Tyrone writ to the Earle of Ormond whose Letter he sauced with generall complaints against the Earle for the rigorous prosecutions he had formerly made against him and his associates but this letter being permitted to be sent to Dublyn the said point could not be thought void of that cunning wherein the writer excelled A third Letter he wrote at the same time to Owny mac Rory making Owny himselfe Iudge whether hee had treacherously taken the Earle or no aduising him to take the best pledges he could the aboue named young Lady excepted and for more security to send them to be kept in Tyrone if he concurred with him in opinion that his so doing would be more safe then if Owny himselfe should keepe them in those parts These Letters he dated forsooth from his Campe neere the Newry so gallant was the Gentleman now the Lord Deputy was returned with his forces into the Pale who otherwise neuer appeared in Campe but hid himselfe and his in boggy woods and like fortified passages The eight of Iune the Lord Deputy wrote to Master Secretary concerning the state of Connaght wherein nothing was surely the Queenes but Athlone by a prouident guard and Galloway by their owne good disposition wishing that the gouernement of that Prouince might be conferred on the Earle of Southampton to whom the Lord of Dunkellin would more willingly resigne and might doe it with greater reputation to himselfe in respect of the Earles greatnes rather then vpon Sir Arthur Sauage who notwithstanding vpon the Queenes pleasure againe signified was shortly after made Gouernour of that Prouince His Lordship protested that it was such a place as he knew the Earle would not seeke but onely himselfe desired this because he knew the Earles aptnes and willingnes to doe the Queene seruice if he might receiue such a token of her fauour iustly commending his valour and wisdome as well in generall as in the late particular seruice in the Moyry when the Rere being left naked he by a resolute charge with sixe horse vpon Tyrone in the head of 220. Horse droue him back a musket shot and so assuring the Rere saued the honour of the Queenes Army To which purpose though not so amply his Lordship also wrote to the Queene At this time the County of Dublyn on the South of the Riuer Liffr was in effect wholly ouerrunne by the Rebels the County of Kildare was likewise possessed or wasted by them The County of Meath was wasted as also the County of West Meath excepting the Barrony of Deluin and the County of Louth So that in the English Pale the Townes hauing Garrisons and the Lands from Drogheda or Tredagh to the Nauan and thence backe to Trym and so to Dublyn were onely inhabited which were also like to grow waste if they were further charged with the souldiers The fifteenth of Iune the Lord Deputy wrote to Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour of Carickfergus that he should not spare the subiects lately submitting who protected the rebels goods that he should receiue no more but such as would simply submit and giue good pledges neither should giue pay to any except he knew their seruice would be very beneficiall to the Queene that he should continue to treat with the Ilander Scots till aduice came out of England what course should be taken with them That he should take in Shane Oneale with promise of lands and entertainement and promise that for preyes hee should take of the Rebels if the English assisted him he should haue a third part and if he tooke them without the assistance of the English he should haue three parts of foure The nineteenth of Iune the Lord Deputy aduertised Master Secretary that he was more troubled to gouerne the friends then to suppresse the enemies That finding the Army a meere Chaos he had giuen it forme That finding it without spirit he had giuen it life That in all attempts hee had preserued the whole body of it and euery part from any blow restored the reputation of it and possessed it with a disposition to vndertake a likelihood to effect great seruices That he had omitted nothing which might be performed by this
silke or veluet They vse very little lace no imbrodery yet the Hollanders of old accounted the most rude of the other Prouinces at this day increased in wealth and reputation of the State doe by little and little admit luxury and their sonnes apply themselues both to the apparrell and manners of the English and French Women aswell married as vnmarried couer their heads with a coyfe of fine holland linnen cloth and they weare gowns commonly of some flight stuffe for the most part of black colour with little or no lace or guards and their necke ruffes are little or short but of very fine linnen For aswell men as women for their bodies and for all vses of the Family vse very fine linnen and I think that no clownes in the World weare such fine shirts as they in Holland doe Some of the chiefe Women not able to abide the extreme cold and loth to put fier vnder them for heate as the common vse is because it causeth wrinckles and spots on their bodies doe vse to weare breeches of linnen or silke All Women in generall when they goe out of the house put on a hoyke or vaile which couers their heads and hangs downe vpon their backs to their legges and this vaile in Holland is of a light stuffe or Kersie and hath a kinde of horne rising ouer the forehead not much vnlike the old pummels of our Womens saddles and they gather the Vaile with their hands to couer all their faces but onely the eyes but the Women of Flanders and Brabant weare Vailes altogether of some light fine stuffe and fasten them about the hinder part and sides of their cap so as they hang loosely not close to the body and leaue their faces open to view and these Caps are round large and flat to the head and of Veluet or atleast guarded therewith and are in forme like our potlids vsed to couer pots in the Kitchin And these Women aswel for these Vailes as their modest garments with gowns close at the brest and necke and for their pure and fine linnen seemed to me more faire then any other Netherlanders as indeed they are generally more beautifull I did see the King of Denmarke entred a daies iourney in his progresse towards Holsatia vulgarly Holst and he wore a loose gippoe of blacke veluet sparingly adorned with gold lace and in the Towne he wore a large broade brimmed felt hat with the brimmes in part buttoned vp but in his Coach he wore a rough Brunswicke hat vsed in the lower parts of Germany and had a large chaine of gold hanging vnder one arme so low as it was folded about his girdle And when he walked abroade he carried his Sword vpon his shoulder with the point in his hand and the hilts hanging downe behind him His chiefe Courtiers and his younger brother were all attired in an English cloth which they called Kentish cloth we call Motley but much finer then that whereof we make cloakebags and of purpose made for them costing some two dollers the ell They wore gold chaines so short as they reached not further then the sixth or seuenth button of their doublets but the linkes were great and they had a Tablet of gold annexed to them They carried their swords as the King did with the hilts hanging ouer the shoulder and they wore daggers with heauy sheaths of siluer like those vsed in Saxony The Kings Guard wore huge breeches puffed and of diuers colours like the Sweitzers hose In generall the Danes are apparrelled like the Germans and especially like the Saxons constantly and modestly and they so abhorre from strange fashions as the Kings Father lately deceased was reported to haue giuen the strange apparrell of certaine Gentlemen newly returned from forraigne parts to the infamous Hangman that they might be despised of the Gentry Gentlewomen Virgins goe with their heads bare and their haire wouen and adorned with rowes of pearle And the married Gentlewomen goe with their heads couered with a fine linnen coyfe and weare vpon their foreheads a French shadow of veluet to defend them from the Sunne which our Gentlewomen of old borrowed of the French and called them Bonegraces now altogether out of vse with vs and they adorne their heads with borders of Gold Women as well married as vnmarried Noble and of inferiour condition weare thinne bands about their neckes yet not falling but erected with the vpper bodies of their outward garment of veluet but with short skirts and going out of the house they haue the German custome to weare cloakes They also weare a chaine of Gold like a breast-plate and girdles of siluer and guilded At Dermind the Hauen of Dantzke in Prussen I did see the King of Poland ready to sayle into Sueuia or Suecia his Fathers Kingdome of Inheritance for whom lately dead he then wore mourning Apparrell namely a long blacke cloake of woollen cloth and a cap or low hat of blacke silke with narrow brimmes with a falling band about his necke a blacke doublet close to his body and large breeches fastened vnder the knee The Queene being of the House of Austria was attired like the Noblewomen of Germany and being then ready to take ship her head was couerd with a coyfe of fine linnen and vpon her forehead shee wore a crossecloth almost downe to the nose The Kings Courtiers wore two long coates the vpper coate or cloake with sleeues was longer then the other the skirts whereof on the right side were so fastened on the shoulder with siluer buttons and so cast vpon the left shoulder as they had their right armes altogether free and this vpper coate was of English cloth faced before with silke The lower or inner coate was of silke or some light stuffe hanging downe on one side to the knees on the other side doubled and fastened to the girdle and both coates were of light colours but without any lace of Gold or Siluer or other ornament whatsoeuer They wore breeches and stockings of the same cloth like those of our old men or the truses of Ireland and their shirts were of much finer linnen then the Germans vse And they wore a fine and very large linnen handkercher fastened to their Girdles behind but they had no ruffes nor any bands of linnen about their neckes which are onely vsed by some few Gentlemen who haue liued in forraigne parts but the 〈◊〉 of their coates weare raised with a peake behind to keepe the necke warme They wore extraordinary little caps hardly couering the crowne of the head and in them wore some sixe feathers not of mixed or light colours nor broade as we weare them but white and narrow such or the same as are pulled from Capons tailes The Polonians shaue all their heads close excepting the haire of the forehead which they nourish very long and cast backe to the hinder part of the head They carry for Armes a Turkish Cemeter and weare shooes of leather and
subiects of the Electors shall not bee bound to answere the Law out of their owne Prouince nor may appeale to any Court but their Lords except Iustice bee denied in which case they shall onely appeale to the Chamber of the Empire That the Electors shall meete in some Citie once in the yeare where they shall haue no feasting to the end that the causes may be heard with more expedition That the priuiledges of Cities and Vniuersities in any thing derogating from the right of the Electors shall be reuoked and made voide notwithstanding the Letters Pattents may except all eminency of persons That the resignation of fees except they be personally made shall make the vassals infamous in denouncing enmity to their Lords That conuenticles of Cities made to the preiudice of their Lords shall be punished with losse of fame goods and priuiledges That no Citizens subiects to Princes and incorporating themselues in free Cities shall enioy the priuiledges thereof except they dwell there vnder a great penalty to bee imposed on the City receiuing them with any other condition That the Fees of the Electors or Officers of the Empire shall not be deuided by their heires That they who conspire the death of any Elector shall be guilty of treason and their sonnes depriued of their Inheritance euen from the mothers side shall liue infamous and they shall be noted who make intercession to restore them to grace but that the Daughters lesse daring for the weakenesse of the sexe shall haue part of the inheritance and that no enfranchisement of sonnes or alienation of goods shall frustrate this Law That all accessaries shall be so punished onely he that bewrayes the conspiracy may bee held worthy of pardon Also this penalty shall be of force against those that are dead if the crime be not knowne till after their death In solemne Court that the Emperour shall sit in his throne and the Duke of Saxony laying an heape of Oates as high as his Horses saddle before the Court gate shall with a siluer measure of twelue markes price deliuer Oates to the cheefe Quirry of the stable and then sticking his staffe in the Oates shall depart and the Vice-Marshall shall distribute the rest of the Oates That the three Archbishops shall say grace at the Emperours Table and he of them who is Chancelor of the place shall lay reuerently the Seales before the Emperor which the Emperor shal restore to him that the staffe of the Chancelorship shal be worth 12 marks of siluer That the Marquis of Brandeburg sitting vpon his Horse with a siluer basen of 12 marks weight a towel shall light from his Horse giue water to the Emperor That the Count Palatine sitting vpon his Horse with foure dishes of Siluer with meate each dish worth 3 markes shall light and set the dishes on the table That the King of Bohemia sitting vpon his Horse with a siluer Cup worth twelue markes filled with water and wine shall light and giue it the Emperour to drinke The Gentleman of Falkenstein vnder-Chamberlaine the Gentleman of Norsemberg Master of the Kitchen and the Gentleman of Limburch Vice-Buttler or in their absence the ordinary Officers of the Court shall haue the said Horses Bason dishes Cup Staffe and measure and shall after wait at the Emperours table That the Emperours table bee sixe foote higher then any other table where he shall sit alone and the table of the Empresse shall be by his side three foote lower The Electors tables shall be three foote lower then that of the Empresse and all of equall heighth and three of them shall bee on the Emperours right hand three on his left hand and one before his face and each shal sit alone at his table When one Elector hath done his Office he shall goe and stand at his owne table and so in order the rest till all haue performed their Offices and then all seuen shall sit downe at one time The Emperour shall be chosen at Franckfort crowned at Aquisgranum vulgarly called Ach and shall hold his first Court at Nurnberg except there be some lawfull impediment The Deputy of an Elector absent howsoeuer he hath his voyce in chusing the Emperour yet at the said feast shall not sit at the Electors table Princes receiuing their fees shall pay sixtie markes to the Officers of the Court excepting the Electors who are not bound to giue any thing but of free will since the Officers are their Substitutes and the Horse vpon which the Prince sits when hee is inuested in his fees shall bee giuen to the Marshall or to the Vice-Marshall The Electors are presumed to bee Germans and their sonnes at the age of seuen yeares shall bee taught the Grammer and the Italian and Selauonian tongues so as at 14 yeares age they may be skilfull therein and be worthy Assessors to the Emperor These things for this purpose taken out of the Golden Bulla shall suffice Touching the present generall estate of the Empire The Emperor his brethren were not much esteemed among their owne subiects and had little or no authority in the rest of the Empire The Germans confesse that the House of Austria is most fit to beare the burthen of the Empire especially since no stranger may be Emperour the Law binding to choose a Prince borne in Germany and because the Empire hath no principality belonging to it nor any certaine reuenues but onely some accustomed Subsidies which vpon some occasions were of old granted by Parliament these occasions being taken away the subsidies for them haue also in latter times beene discontinued so that the common affaires are to be administred with the charge of the Emperours priuate inheritance And lastly because they iustly feare if any other Prince of Germany should be chosen Emperour that the House of Austria hauing in a long line succeeded in the Empire and possessing large Dominions by inheritance would either altogether separate it selfe from the Empire or at least their inheritance in Hungary Germany and Bohemia through mutuall dissentions betweene them and the Emperour would be a prey to the Turkish Tyrant onely kept backe by the House of Austria according to the weake meanes it hath from inuading Germany at this day But when the Germans doe particularly obserue the persons of the Princes of the House of Austria they iudge againe none more vnfit to beare vp the Empire and to defend it from the Turkes inuasions and this common diffidence is infinitely encreased by the mutuall iealousies of Germany There want not iealousies in the House of Austria betweene themselues were they not forced to compound them by feare of the Turkes In generall the Gentlemen feare the conspiracy of the common people lest after the example of the Sweitzers they should roote out the Gentry or at least yeeld either none or voluntary obedience at their owne pleasure The Princes feare the free Cities so as they dare not exact absolute obedience of the
a Prince or Prelate and take it againe of him in fee. But by the Law of Saxony except the Prince or any buyer whatsoeuer retaine the land a yeere and a day before he grants it backe in fee hee that gaue or sold it or his heire hath right to recouer the land By the Ciuill Law if the vassall haue lost his horse or armes in warre hee hath no remedy against the Lord because he is tied by duty to helpe him but by the Law of Saxony the Vassall is not tied to serue the Lord any longer except he repaire his losse and the Lord is tied to pay a certaine ransome for his captiue Vassall By the Ciuill Law the Lord or the Father of the Vassall being dead the Vassall is bound to aske inuestiture within a yeere and a moneth but by the Law of Saxony either of them being dead he must aske it without delay By the Ciuill Law the Vassall must serue the Lord at his owne charge but by the Law of Saxony he is onely tied to serue him sixe weekes and by custome the Lord must feede him and his horse or giue him a competent allowance By the Ciuil law the pupil is excused from the Lords seruice but by the law of Saxony the Tutor must serue in his place By the Ciuill law a Fee falling to a Monk belongs to the Monastery during his life but by the law of Saxony it returnes to the Lord. And touching the succession of Monks in any inheritance whatsoeuer though by the Ciuil law they are accounted dead yet the same law admits thē to succeed with the children of the intestate father but by the law of Saxony they are not capable of any inheritāce yet this Law seeming vniust to the Popes it was corrected so as their succession was giuen to the Monastery But in our age the Iudges haue pronounced a Monke himself to be capeable of inheritance notwithstanding the Papall Law giues his inheritance to the Monastery and that because the Monkish Vowes being against the word of God the persons of Monkes are free to take inheritance By the Ciuill Law the Vassall is bound to accompany his Lord when he goes with the King of the Romans to take the Crowne of the Empire at Rome but by the Law of Saxony he may redeeme this seruice with paying the tenth part of his yeerely rent and since the golden Bulla hath restrained this seruice to twenty thousand foote and foure thousand horse and the paiment of them hath since been equally diuided through Germany allowing a horseman twelue Guldens and a footeman foure Guldens By the Ciuill Law he forfeites his Fee who cuts downe fruitfull trees or puls vp vines but by the Law of Saxony it is free to the possessor to make the lands or houses of the Fee better or worse at his pleasure By the Ciuill Law if the Lord deny inuestiture it must be asked often and humbly but by the Law of Saxony if the Vassall aske it thrice and hath witnesses that the Lord denied his seruice afterwards so he haue good witnesses thereof hee and his heires shall possesse the Fee without any bond of seruice and his heire is not bound to aske inuestiture By the Ciuill Law if two Lords of one Vassall shall both at one time require his seruice he is bound to serue the most ancient Lord but by the Law of Saxony the person of the Vassall must serue the Lord that first calles him and he is to pay a summe of money as the tenth pound to the other By the aforesaid Lawes and daily practise it appeares that the Territories of Princes according to the old Feudatory Lawes either fall to the eldest son who giues his brothers yeerely Pensions or according to his inheritance recompenceth them with money or other lands or else are equally diuided among the brothers Yet some Fees are also feminine and fall to the daughters and their husbands and some may be giuen by testament but others as those of the Electors for want of heires males are in the Emperours power who with the consent of the Princes of the Empire commonly giues them to the husbands of the daughters or to the next heires by affinity if there be none of consanguinity I haue heard of credible men that the Dukedome of Austria first fals to the sons then to the cousens and for want of them to the daughters The Duke of Wineberg and the Duke of Coburg sonnes to Fredericke Duke of Saxony and Elector but depriued of his Electorship by the Emperor Charles the fifth for his Religion did equally diuide their fathers inheritance the Electorship being giuen away the inheritance wherof could not be diuided but I did obserue that the brother to that Duke of Coburgs son being vnmarried had no inheritance sub-diuided to him which was said should be done when he tooke a wife The Count Palatine of the Rheine not long before this time deceased did diuide all the inheritance with his brother Duke Casimere excepting the Palatinate which with the stile and dignitie of Elector belongs to the eldest sonne But they say that many times the Knights and chiefe men of the Prouince wil not for the publike good lest the Princes power should be weakened permit this diuision among their Princes but force the younger brother to take money or yeerely pension for the part of his inheritance and that this diuision is also many times forbidden by the dying fathers last Testament And they seeme to do this not without iust cause since the great number of children often oppresseth diuers principalities Thus 17 brothers al Princes of Anhalt for the title is common to al the yonger brothers with the eldest euen where the patrimony is not diuided diuiding their fathers estate betweene them were said to haue each of them ten thousand gold Guldens by the yeere and if all these brethren should haue children it was probable that the Principalitie could not beare so many heires I remember that I did see one of them at Dresden in the Court of Christian Elector and Duke of Saxony who receiued of him a pension to maintaine certaine horses and was one of his Courtiers The like happened in our time to the Counts of Mansfeild whereof twenty seuen liued at one time and some of them followed the warres of Netherland the reuenues of so narrow a County sufficing not to beare vp the dignitie of their birth howsoeuer it yeeldeth Mines of Siluer which were at that time pawned for money to the Fuggari of Augsburg I obserued that the younger sonnes of Protestant Princes whose Fees could not be diuided yea and the eldest sonne during his fathers life inioyed the reuenewes of Bishopricks as Administrators being so called besides money and pensions and some lands of inheritance and otherwise for better maintenance followed the warres In this sort when the Elector Christian Duke of Saxony died his three sonnes being yet vnder age inioyed three Bishopricks namely those
of Misen Nauberg and Mersberg though the Emperor and the Gentlemen of those parts in a Prouinciall meeting were instant to haue three Bishops chosen and the Emperour desired that dignity for one of his brothers The same three Princes yet being vnder age I did see coynes of Gold and Siluer bearing the images of all three but when they came to age the Electorship and the Inheritance belonging to it fell to the eldest sonne the younger retaining the said Bishopricks for life and their part of other lands that might bee diuided for inheritance to them and their children The Fees of Princes are giuen by the Emperour and the Fees of many Gentlemen and of some Earles are giuen by Princes but I returne to the Lawes of Succession By the Ciuil law they that disscend of the right line haue the first place in succession al which without respect of sex or fatherly power do succeede equally the sons by the Pole the nephewes to their part namely to the part which their father should haue had if he had been then liuing so as it seemes that fower or more nephewes the sons of a third brother dead diuiding with two brothers liuing all the nephewes shall only haue a third part belonging to their father being dead and each of the two liuing brothers shall haue another third part The Law of Saxony changeth nothing touching the persons but differs in the succession of goods For the daughters shall by priuiledge haue their mothers apparrell and other ornaments with all vtensiles or household stuffe so as they shall be valued to them in their due parts And the niece borne of one of the sisters being dead hath the same right with the other sisters for her mothers part but none can haue these vtensiles saue the women on the mothers side vulgarly called Spieimagen for the brothers daughter hath no right to them And I haue heard of learned men that these vtensiles cannot bee alienated by the last testament namely vessels of brasse but not of pewter linnen beds excepting the heires of Inne-keepers whose chiefe wealth commonly consists in such furniture also sheep geese iewels of gold and like ornaments of the mother excepting the seale ring of gold and pearles and other iewels which men vse to weare as well as women By a Law made in the Dukedome of Meckelburg because the women in the yeere 1388 redeemed theeir captiue Prince wirh their Iewels many priuiledges of succession are granted to women By the Law of Saxony as the vtensiles belong to the daughters so besides the decree of the Ciuill Law in the Knightly Order all goods of expedition as Armes and the like belong to the sonnes and the sword is alwaies giuen to the eldest sonne But these things are not obserued among those of common or plebean ranck except custome haue made them as Law so as the Daughters by custome haue the vtensiles and the eldest sonne haue the chiefe horse for the plough I haue formerly said that by the Law of Saxony the nephew is excluded from succeeding in a Fee with his vncle on the fathers side that is his fathers brother but that in our daies the nephew is admitted according to the Ciuill law I haue said that in the succession of moueable goods the sonnes succeede the father by the Pole but the nephewes or sonnes of another sonne deceased succeede their Grand-father onely in the part belonging to their father I haue said that the Law of Saxony changeth nothing touching the persons but only differs in the succession to some goods as the vtensiles Now I adde further that the nephewes succession and equall diuision with his fathers brothers is decreed by an Imperiall Law abrogating all contrary customes By the Ciuill Law brothers on both sides and together with them the children of their dead brothers and sisters are then first called to inheritance when the deceased hath no heires in the right line discending or ascending but without any respect to the Imperiallisaid Law as speaking of custome not written Law or to the last Ciuill Law the Law of Saxony decrees and of old custome it is obserued among the Saxons that in the succession of Collaterals the liuing brother excludes the children of his dead brother I say in freehold not in fee and the brother on both sides excludes the brother on the one side onely in the third degree and the brother on both sides excludes the children of his dead brother in the third degree But I haue obserued that this law is thus practised among the Saxons as imagining there be three brothers Thomas Iohn and Andrew and it happening that Thomas first dies leauing a sonne and then Iohn dies vnmarried or without issue the goods of Iohn at his death shall not fall to the sonne of Thomas his eldest brother but to his brother Andrew yet liuing and Andrew dying last as well his owne as his brother Iohns goods fall to his owne sonne but if he haue no sonne then they fall to the sonne of Thomas And againe putting the case that Thomas and Iohn are both dead and each of them hath left a sonne or sonnes if Andrew die without a sonne the sonne of Thomas succeedes him without any respect to the sonne of Iohn By the Ciuill law the vncle of the deceased by the fathers side is not onely excluded by the brother of the deceased but also by the brothers children but by the Law of Saxony since the right of representation simply hath no place and these persons are in the same degree namely in the third degree they are called together to the inheritance yet the Scabines or Iudges of Leipzig haue pronounced the contrary to this iudgement of the Iudges in the highest Court of the Duke of Saxony rather following the Ciuill Law which preferres the brothers sonne before the vncle on the fathers side By the Ciuill Law in the successions of Collaterals the brothers of both sides are for a double bond preferred to the brothers by one parent only so as the priuiledge be not extended to things in Fee but to things in free-hold because in Fees the bond on the mothers side is not regarded By the Law of Saxony a brother on both sides excludes a brother by one parent as nearer by one degree By the Ciuill law Bastards are admitted to the inheritance of the mother and the brother lawfully begotten is called to the inheritance of a dead bastard brother by the said mother but by the Law of Saxony as a bastard cannot bee admitted to inherit with one lawfully begotten so he that is lawfully begotten cannot succeede a bastard that is not legitimated and by the law of Saxony a mother hauing a bastard daughter and dying without any other child cannot leaue her vtensile goods to that daughter Yet in all cases concerning bastards the Iudges leaue the law of Saxony as vnequall and iudge after the Ciuill law so as in Saxony bastards both succeed and are
the Daughter and Heire to the sickely Duke to whom himselfe was next of kinne by the Fathers side and Heire And it was a common speech that the said sickely Duke had lately lent forty thousand Guldens to the King of Poland and that the Elector of Brandeburg had offered seuen Tunnes of gold to the King of Poland that his Grandchild might succeed in the Dukedome of Prussia but that it was flatly refused by the Senate of Poland so as it was diuersly thought according to mens diuers iudgements what would become of the Dukedome after the said sickly Dukes death some iudging that the King of Poland would keepe the Dukedome falling to him others that the powerfull Family of Brandeburg would extort the possession thereof by force of money or of armes I omit the military Orders of Knights in England France and Netherland to be mentioned in their due place Among the Germans I could not obserue any ordinary degree of Knights conferred in honour vpon such as deserue well in ciuill and warlike affaires such as the Kings of England giue to their Subiects with the title of Sir to distinguish them from inferiour Gentlemen But in our age we haue seene Master Arundell an English Gentlemen created Earle of the Empire for his acceptable seruices to the Emperour Christian Elector of Saxony deceased did institute a military Order of Knights like to the Teutonike Order saue that it is no Religious Order and he called it Die gulden geselschaft that is the Golden Fellowship by which bond hee tied his neerest friends to him And the badge of the Order was a Iewell hanging in a chaine of gold hauing on each side of the Iewell engrauen a Heart peirced with a Sword and a Shaft and vpon one side neere the Heart was the Image of Faith holding a Crucifix with these words grauen about the Heart Virtutis amore that is for loue of Vertue vpon the other side neere the Heart was the Image of Constancie holding an Anker with these words grauen about the Heart Qui perseuer at adfinem saluus erit that is He that perseueres to the end shall be saued Lastly about the circle of the Iewell these great letters were engrauen F. S. V that is Fide sed vide namely in English Trust but beware The Prouinces of the reformed Religion haue no Bishops but the reuenues of the Bishoprickes are either conucrted to godly vses or possessed by the Princes vnder the title of Administrators And in like manner the reuenues of Monasteries for the most part are emploied to maintaine Preachers and to other godly vses but in some places they still permit Monkes and Nunnes I meane persons liuing single but not tied with Papisticall vowes for the education of their children and the nourishing of the poore In each City and each Church of the City many Ministers or Preachers serue who haue no tythes but onely liue vpon Pensions commonly small and not much vnequall For Ministers commonly haue one or two hundreth Guldens and the Superintendants one or two thousand Guldens by the yeere besides wood for fier and Corne and some like necessaries for food These Superintendants are instead of Bishops to ouersee the Cleargy but are not distinguished in habite or title of dignity from the other Ministers yet to them as cheefe in vertue and learning as well the Ministers as all other degrees yeeld due reuerence and in all Ecclesiasticall couses they haue great authority But otherwise Germany hath many rich and potent Bishops of whom generall mention is made in the Chapter of Prouerbs and particularly in this Chapter much hath beene said of the three spirituall Electors The Husbandmen in Germany are not so base as the French and Italians or the slaues of other Kingdomes but much more miserable and poore then the English Husbandmen yet those of Prussia a fat and fertile Country come necrest to the English in riches and good fare The other being hired by Gentlemen to plough their grounds giue their seruices at low rates and pay so great rent to their Lords as they haue scarcely meanes to couer nakednes with poore clothes and to feed themselues with ill smelling coleworts and like meate In Morauia incorporated to Bohemia and lying betweene it and Polonia the husbandmen are meere slaues And at my being there I heard that the Barron of Promnetz hauing been lately in Italy did make free a slaue of his who was there a Potecary and gaue him a present Also I vnderstood by discourse that the Marquesse of Anspach in Germany hath many meere slaues for his husbandmen But all other in Germany are free howsoeuer without doubt they be greatly oppressed not only by the Gentry but also by the Church-men so as wee find in late histories that the Bawren or clownes in the yeare 1502 made a rebellion perhaps with the mind after the example of the Sweitzers to get liberty by the sword but yet pretending only reuenge vpon Bishops and Church-men prouerbially saying that they would not suffer them to draw breath And it is probable that the neighborhood of the Sweitzers who rooted out their Noblemen got liberty by the sword makes the Gentlemen of Germany lesse cruell towards the poore clownes For either vpon that cause or for the fertility of the Country no doubt the clownes in Sueuia and places neare Sweitzerland liue much better then in any other parts as likewise in places neere Denmarke and Poland admitting slaues generally the poore people are more oppressed then any where else through Germany In Bohemia the highest degree is that of Barons and the Gentlemen haue the same priuiledges with them all other in townes and fields are meere slaues excepting Cities immediately subiect to the Emperor as King of Bohemia where many are either emancipated for mony or find more clemency vnder the yoke of a German Prince For in lands belonging to the Barons and Gentlemen the King hath no tribute but all is subiect to the Lord with absolute power of life and death as likewise the King hath his lands and some thirty Cities in like sort subiect to him And howsoeuer the Gentlemen doe not commonly exercise this power against the people left the Germans should repute them tyrants yet with wonder I did heare at Prage that a Baron had lately hanged one of his slaues for stealing of a fish It is free for a Gentleman to hang any of his slaues for going into strange Countries without being made free if he can apprehend him Many times they giue them leaue to goe into forraigne parts to learne manuary arts but they call them home at pleasure and when they come back make them worke for the Lords behoofe They take their Daughters for mayd seruants and Sonnes for houshold seruants at pleasure And these poore slaues can leaue their children nothing by last Will and Testarnent but all their goods in life and at death belong to the Lords and they will find
them be they neuer so secretly hidden In the Prouince of Morauia incorporated to Bohemia I haue formerly said that the Gentlemen haue like priuiledges and absolute power ouer their subiects being all born slaues And in Germany that the Marquis of Anspach hath like born slaues And I shall in due place shew that in Denmark and Poland the people are meere slaues so as the Gentlemen and Lords recken not their estates by yearly rents but by the number of their Bawren or clownes who are all slaues In Bohemia the goods of condemned persons fall to the Lord of the fee. Among the Barons the Baron of Rosenburg was cheefe who for life was chosen Viceroy and dwelt vpon the confines of Austria being said to haue the yearly rents of eighty thousand Dollers but in respect he had no Sonne to succeede him he was lesse esteemed especially himselfe being decrepite and his brother also old and without probable hope of issue The second family of the Barons was that of the Popels hauing many branches and plenty of heires One of them was at that time in great grace with the Emperor Rodulphus And the whole family for the issue was much estemed of the people and States of the Kingdome In Bohemia as in Poland Gentlemen cannot be iudged but at fower meetings in the yeare and then are tried by Gentlemen so as the accusers being wearied with delaies the offenders are commonly freed but men of inferior condition are daily iudged and suddenly tried The Bohemians giue greater titles to Gentlemen by writing and in saluting then the Germans where notwithstanding as appeares in the due place there is great and vndecent flattery by words among all degrees I did not obserue or reade that the Bohemians haue any military or ciuill order or degree of Knightes as the English haue The Hussites hauing changed nothing in religion saue onely the communicating of the Lords Supper in both kinds with some other small matters yet I did not heare that they haue any Bishops and I am sure that the Bishopricke of Prage had then been long void They and all of the reformed Religion in Bohemia send their Ministers to Wittenberg an Vniuersity in Saxony for receiuing of Orders with imposition of hands from the Lutheran Superintendant and the Ministers of that place CHAP. IIII. Of the particular Common-wealths as well of the Princes of Germany as of the Free Cities such of both as haue absolute power of life and death IT remaineth to adde something of priuat Princes Courts and the Gouernement of the free Cities And since I haue formerly said that these Princes and Cities hauing absolute power of life and death are many in number and that according to the number of the Princes the places also where taxes and impositions are exacted are no lesse frequent as well for subiects as strangers passing by both for persons and for wares And that they who deceiue the Prince in any such kind neuer escape vnpunished Now to auoid tediousnesse I will onely mention the chiefe Princes and Cities by which coniecture may be made of the rest and this I will doe briefely without any repetition of things formerly set downe Touching the Electors I haue formerly related the principall lawes of the golden Bulla The Duke of Saxony is one of these Electors many waies powerfull and he deriues his pedegree from Witikind a famous Duke of the Germans in the time of the Emperour Charles the Great who forced him to lay aside the name of King permitting him the title of a Duke and to become Christian in the yeere 805. Witikynd the second Deitgrenius Frederike Fredericke inuested Marquis of Misen by the Emperour Henrie the first he died in the yeere 925. Bruno Dittimare Christian inuested Marquis of Lusatia by the Emperor Otho the first Theodorike died in the yeere 1034. Henrie Marquis of Misen and Lusatia died in the yeere 1106. Timo. Conrade the Great died in the yeere 1150. Otho the Rich built Friburg where hee had found Mines of Siluer and died in the yeere 1189. Theodorike was poisoned by the Citizens of Leipzig in the yeere 1220. Henrie by right of inheritance became Langraue of Thuring and died 6287. In right line from Henrie discends Fredericke who chosen Emperour yeelded the Empire to his Competitor the Emperour Charles the fourth taking mony for giuing vp his right and he died in the yeere 1349. In right line is Fredericke the Warlike who ouercame the Bohemians rebelling against the Emperour receiued the Scholers of Prage to study at Leipzig restrained the title of Dukes of Saxony to Families which after the Emperours of Saxonie had been confusedly vsurped and lastly appropriated the title of Elector to his Family He died in the yeere 1423. Fredericke the Gentle died in the yeere 1464. Ernestus the Elector died in the yeere 1486. The Elector Frederike the Wise who put the Empire from himself chose Charles the fifth Hee did found the Vniuersitie at Wittenberg and died 1525. Iohn Elector exhibited the eformed Confession at Augsburg and died 1533. Iohn Frederike for the Reformed Religion deposed from the Electorship by the Emperour Charles the fifth He married Sibill daughter to the Duke of Iuliar and died 1554 Iohn Frederike proscribed by the Empire and prosecuted by Augustus Elector of Saxonie in the Emperours name was taken prisoner by him at the taking and razing of Gotha Iohn Casimire borne of his fathers second wife Elizabeth daughter to Frederike Elector Palatine He was borne 1564 and married Anna daughter to Augustus Elector of Saxonie Iohn Ernest then vnmarried borne in the yeere 1566. These Dukes of Saxony then liuing were called the Dukes of Coburg Iohn William serued the King of France in those Ciuill warres and died 1573. Will. Frederik borne of another daughter to Frederike Elector Palatine 1562 he buried the daughter to the Duke of Wirtenberg and married the daughter of Philip Lodowick Prince Palatine 1591. He was Tutor to the sonnes of Christian Elector preferred to the Duke of Coburg because his father was proscribed and neuer restored Iohn borne 1570 then vnmarried This Duke of Saxonie was called the D. of Wyneberg The last Elector of this branch Albert the Stout Duke of Saxonie died in the yeere 1500. George of Leipzig called the Popish was Duke of Saxonie and died in the yeare 1539. Henrie Duke of Saxonie made Gouernour of Friesland by his father was there in danger to be put to death had not his father come to deliuer him he died in the yeere 1541. The first Elector of this branch Mauritius made Elector by the Emperor Charles the 5 was borne 1521 died 1553. Augustus Elector maried Anne daughter to the K. of Denmarke and died 1586 Eight Boyes and three Girles died Christian the Elector married the daughter to the Elector of Brandeburg and died 1591. Three young daughters Christian the second Elector but then a Pupill borne 1583 the fiue and twentieth of September at three of
Cantons the Gouernours are sent by course from the Cantons for two yeeres who iudge according to the lawes of the seuerall people and for those beyond the Alpes the Gouernour hath assistants of the Country chosen and ioyned with him to iudge of capitall and more weighty causes but in Ciuill causes he iudgeth alone though sometimes he calles some of the wiser inhabitants to aduise him therein The Gouernours about the Solstice of the yeere yeeld account before the Senate of Sweitzerland which then iudgeth the appeales made by the subiects They serue the Cantons in warre to which they are subict and they follow the standard of that cantons which for the present yeere giues them a Gouernor and in ciuill warre they are bound to follow the greater part of the Cantons to which they are subiect The Gouernor of Baden is present in the publike Senate of the Sweitzers he takes the voices and they being equall is the arbiter of the difference but he hath only power in the territory of Baden not in the City and there he appoints capitall Iudges for life for their manner is that the Iudges once chosen by him exercise that place so long as they liue And the same Gouernour hath the power to mitigate their Iudgements The next in autority are the Clerke or Secretary and the vnder or Deputy Gouernour Two little Townes of the County or territory of Baden haue Gouernours from the Bishop of Costnetz but they serue the Sweitzers in their warres and the Gouernour of Baden is their Iudge for capitall causes The prefecture or gouernement of Terg most large of all the rest hath 50 Parishes whereof some haue their own immunities or priuiledges the rest are subiect to diuers iurisdictions but the Soueraigne power is in the Gouernour sent and chosen by the Cantons excepting Cella where the Citizens haue their owne gouernement the Bishop of Costnetz hauing only the keeping of the Castle and halfe the mulcts or fines The seuen Cantons with consent of the Lords in the seuerall iurisdictions of all this prefecture of Torg appoint one forme of Iustice. And the Iudges impose very great fines which belong to the Cantons and especially vpon crimes which haue coherence with capitall offences namely foule iniuries breaches of peace violence offered by the high way challengers of publike waies or passages changers of Land-markes or goods committed in trust to their keeping breakers of publike faith and those who scandale or reproch any Magistrate The prefectures of the Saranetes and the Rhegusci and those of Italy haue each a Gouernour vulgarly called Commissary sent from the Sweitzers and because the people speake the Italian tongue hee hath a Sweitzer skilfull in that tongue for his interpreter The people hath the power to chuse their owne Magistrates and Officers and to determine of things concerning their Common-wealth the Commissary not intermedling therewith CHAP. VI. Of the Netherlanders Common-wealth according to the foresaid subiects of the former Chapters LOwer Germany called of old Belgia and now commonly Netherland which the French name Pais bas that is Low countries is diuided into seuenteene Prouinces as I haue formerly shewed in the Geographicall description thereof namely seuen Counties of Flaunders of Artois of Hannaw of Holland of Zealand of Zutphane and of Namurtz foure Dukedomes of Luzenburg of Limburg of Brabant and of Gelderland the Lordship or Dominion of West Freisland three Countries or Territories or places of Iurisdiction of Grouing of Vtrecht and of Transisola vulgarly Dlands ouer Ysel To which fifteene Prouinces that the number of seuenteene may be compleate some adde the County of Walkenburg which is part of the Dukedome of Limburg and others adde the two dominions of Mecblin and Antwerp which are contained vnder the Dukedome of Brebant And how soeuer it be not my purpose to speak of any other Prouinces then those which they cal vnited and through which onely I passed yet it is not amisse in a word or two to shew how these Principalities at first hauing seuerall Princes by little and little grew into one body and in our daies through ciuill warre became diuided into two parts the one of diuers Prouinces vnited for defeuce of their liberty the other of the rest remaining vnder the obedience of their Prince The County of Flaunders hath giuen the name of Flemmings to all the inhabitants of these Prouincess before named and the Earles thereof when other Prouinces were erected to Dukedomes did obstinately retaine their owne degree least they should disgrace their antiquitic with the newnesse of any Ducall or other title And it is manifest that this Earle was the first Peere of France hauing the prerogatiue to carry the sword before the King of France at his Coronation and to gird the same to his side being not bound to appeare in Iudgement before his Compeeres except some controuersie were about the property of his Earledome or he should deny iustice to his subiects and finally hauing the badges of Soueraigne Maiesty to raise an Army to make Warre and Peace to yeeld no tributes or subiection to the King of France to punish or pardon his subiects to make Statutes to grant priuiledges to coine mony and to write himself by the Grace of God Earle which no other Prince of France might do but only the Duke of Britany Baldwyn Earle of Flaunders in the yeere 1202 became Emperour of Constantinople and held that dignity sixty yeeres after which time the Empire returned to the Greekes Earle Lodwick died in the yeere 1383 and Margaret his daughter and heire was married to Phillip Duke of Burgundy who by her right became Earle of Flaunders Charles Duke of Burgundy died in the yeere 1477 and Marie his daughter and heire was married to the Emperour Maximillian and so Flaunders became subiect to the House of Austria For Phillip sonne to Maximillian died before his father and left two sons whereof Charles the eldest was Emperour the fifth of that name and heire to his Grandfather Maximillian And Charles the Emperour taking the King of France Francis the first prisoner in the battell of Pauia in the yeere 1525 forced him to renounce all Soueraigne power ouer Flaunders and Artois and to yeeld the Rightes of the House of Aniou to the Kingdome of Naples and of the House of Orleans to the Dukedome of Milan and of Genoa Charles died and his younger brother Ferdinand succeeded him in the Empire being long before designed his successor by being chosen King of the Romans but he left al his States of inheritance to his eldest son Phillip King of Spaine The rest of the Prouinces by like right of marriage became subiect to Maximillian and so fell to Charles and lastly to the King of Spaine excepting Virecht and the Transisolan Dominion which by the yeelding of the Bishop reseruing his spiritual rights and of the States of those Prouinces were ioyned to the rest and so finally fell to Phillip King
by rents of lands woods customes at gates confiscations Fines goods left to the Prince as by shipwracks and Bastards dying without children by homages Pensions and like profits and all hereditary treasurers and the two generall Receiuers giue accompt in this court Phillip the bold gaue this court great authority but Iohn his sonne remoued the counsellers thereof to the office of Iustice in Ghant and left the court at Lile to register the Princes edicts and Priuiledges granted by him Fourthly the court called the Counsell of Flaunders which I said was remoued from Lile to Ghant and seems chiefe in dignity first instituted partly by litle litle to draw Flaunders from the iurisdiction of Paris in imitation of Brabant Hennault and Holland for which howsoeuer the Princes did homage to the Emperor yet they belonged not to the iurisdiction of the Empire homage and iurisdiction by nature and in themselues being much different But the chiefe cause of the institution was the long absence of Phillip the bold in France during the infirmity of the French King in whose time this court formerly kept in diuers places at the Princes pleasure was setled at Ghant and to this court are referred all things belonging to the Princes right and authority the controuersies of Coiners of the Church of the Prouince and of Cities among themselues and with others and appeales from Magistrates and ratifying the Princes pardons for crimes The Counsell consists of a President of a Knightly degree by vertue of his office eight Counsellors hauing yeerly stipends foure Commissaries hauing part of the profit by informations and for Assessors the Procurator the Aduocate of the Prince the Treasurer of the reuenues a Secretary and a Notary Besides these courts and this said Counsell Marchantius mentioneth a court of Iustice highest and without appeale ouer all Netherland instituted by Charles last Duke of Burgandy in the yeere 1473 at Mechlin as being in the Center of Netherland and it iudgeth after that is equall and good in imitation of the Parliament of Paris so as suiters needed not to follow the Earles Court And the Prince was chiefe head of this Counsell or in his absence the Chancellor he being not present the Bishop of Tornay with two Presidents ten Lay and nine Clergy Counsellors six Masters of Requests who were commanded to ride on horseback to the Senate clad in Purple But Mary the daughter of the said Charles fearing the French and Ciuill war commanded the ceasing of iudgement in this Court which Phillip her son restored and in the yeere 1493 reestablished that court at Mechlin but lesse and more weake as it still remaines And this shall suffice of the Magistrates belonging to the Princes affaires Others belong to the subiects in seuerall Countries and Cities Such are the Scabines and the Bailies Scabines are so called of a German word Schaffen that is to dispatch or of an Hebrew word as the Germans say These defend the rights and priuiledges of the people determine controuersies by the Statutes and municipall customes or for want of them by the written Law and are present when any are tortured and iudge capitall causes the pardoning whereof is rather permitted to the Prince then much vsed by him And these Magistrates are diuersly named in diuers places as Voegte Tutor Portmeister Officer of the Port or Hauen Lanthouder that is Keeper of the Land Kourcher that is chosen Lord and Burgermaster that is Master of the Citizens Vnder them are the Treasurers or Receiuers in each City and aswell they as the Scabines are chosen by the Commissaries of the Prince Next are the Baylies so called of a French word as Tutors and Keepers and they are diuersly called in diuers places namely Schuldheten as Iudges of debts and they differ from the Scabines in that the Scabines Iudge the Bailies execute their Iudgements and the Princes Edicts they haue stipend these are paid out of the Fines they are changed after one or two yeeres these continue long in Office lastly they respect the rights of the people these of the Prince In the Villages they haue Officers called 〈◊〉 who 〈◊〉 the Edicts of the Magistrate and warne Debters to make payment and vpon longer delay then is permitted by the Municipall Lawes sell their goods at the outery They haue a supreme Iudge of capitall causes whom they call Soueraigne Baily instituted in the yeere 1374 to apprehend murtherers and banished men and to put them to death or otherwise punish them with the assistance of two Gentlemen hauing fees or being Feodatory Clients to the Prince And to this Officer authority was lately giuen confirmed by the Emperor Charles the fifth to release banishment and for the eues and man slayers by chance or vpon their owne defence and like offenders vpon satisfaction made to the next Kinsman of the man-killer and to him that was robbed not onely to giue them safe conduct to passe for forty daies but also to pardon their crimes so as the Mulcts or Fines be gathered for the Prince not to his behoofe and the Counsell of Flanders approue the confessions of the offender to be true But in case the Magistrate of the place where the offender dwelt require him to be there tried it cannot be withstood And this Office is of such dignity as Knights for long time haue executed the same Many Tributes were of old granted to the Prince as perpetuall Tributes of the Fields of Corne Oates Cheese and Larde which things for foode haue long time beene redeemed with money the price being yeerely set diuersly by the Counsell of accounts seated at Lile And no doubt through troubles and ciuill warres from the beginning to this day all like burthens are greatly increased both in number and measure which may more easily bee coniectured by that which shal be said of this subiect in the discourse of the vnited Prouinces Flanders is most ruled by municipall Lawes and customes of Townes and Cities and for want of them by the Ciuill Lawes The Lawes of Flanders forbid any man to giue in Legacies by his last Will and Testament more then the thirds of his goods wherein are comprehended Lands in Fee or that any stranger should beare the office of Magistracy yet strangers may there inherite their Kinsmens goods contrary to the custome of France England and Scotland where the Kings haue the goods of all strangers dying intestate and hauing there no children In Flanders no man is depriued of his mothers inheritance for bastardy no not the children of a noble woman being a concubine except some municipall Statute made by the Princes doe in some places preiudice them The Citizens of Curtrae about the yeere 1557 and those of Ghant some sixe yeeres after haue excluded those who are borne in adultery or incest from their mothers inheritance but the prouinciall Counsell of Flanders in the yeere 1532 gaue sentence that a Bastard should succeed in the see of his mother with
Prouince till Mauritius Elector of Saxony obtained helpe of the King of France Henry the second who came with a great Army to the confines of the Empire professing himselfe the Champion of the Germane liberty At which time Mauritius besieging Magdeburg with the Emperours army receiued that City into the protection of the Empire and of himselfe and lest he might seeme to deale persidiously with the Emperour if he should assaile him with forces vnder his owne pay dismissed the whole Army yet so as himselfe presently entertained in his owne pay the greatest part thereof willing to serue him And with these forces he so speedily came to Insprucke where the Emperour then lay as his sudden repaire made the Emperour hastily flie out of the Empire into Italy Thus Mauritius caused the captiue Princes of the reformed religion to be set at liberty gaue peace to the reformed religion and restored liberty to the oppressed Empire And how soeuer he cunningly had aduanced himselfe and his posterity by the deiection of his owne kinsemen suffering for the reformed religion and for the liberty of the Empire yet he repaired the publike losses of his Religion and of his Countrey But they who more iudicially obserued the affaires of this age confesse that nothing hath more kept the house of Austria from subduing the West then those of the same House For the foresaid confident proceeding of Mauritius was caused by the distrusts and iealousies betweene Charles the fifth and his brother Ferdinand springing from the following cause namely that Charles the elder brother to the end that he might keepe the Empire in his own Family had caused his brother Ferdinand at Colen in the yeere 1531 to be chosen King of the Romans so they call him that is chosen in the Emperours life to succeed him hoping that when his sonne Philip should come to age his brother for some increase of his patrimony would be induced to surrender his right in the Empire But Ferdinand at this time hauing had large offers made him to resigne the same could not be induced to doe that wrong to his children And because he suspected that Charles the Emperor might force him thereunto he is said to haue gladly borne the aduerse fortune of his said brother and all troubles rising against him yea if men of experience may be beleeued to haue himselfe encouraged Mauritius to the foresaid attempt Therefore Charles failing of his hope and for age and wearinesse of the World retiring himselfe to a priuate life in a Monastery of Spaine in the yeere 1558 his brother Ferdinand tooke possession of the Empire which remaineth to this day in his posterity the Electors alwayes vsing to respect the right of blood in choosing the new Emperour And vnder their poore estate and vnwarlike mindes the Empire at this day languisheth like a sparke lapped in ashes And the Popes held for Gods vpon earth haue no more feared the Emperors authority but rather supported it against the reformed religion and the inuasions of the Turks the Emperors alwayes acknowledging this vnprofitable seruant of their Progenitors for their Benefactor and spirituall Father The Emperour Rodolphus at this time liuing is of the House of Austria whose pedegree I will set downe The first Family of the House of Austria gaue many Emperours to Germany but that was extinguished in Conradine the sonne of Fredericke few yeeres before Rodolphus of Habspurg came to the Empire who is the roote of this second Family of Austria Rodulphus of Habsburg of the House of Austria was chosen Emperour in the yeere 1273. Albert the first Heire of the Dukedomes of Austria Stiria and Carniola after his Father had subdued the Kingdome of Bohemia ioyned it to the Empire was chosen Emperour and dyed in the yeare 1308. Rodulphus Duke of Austria died in the yeare 1308. Fredericke made Duke of Suenia and Morania by the Emperours gift dyed in the yeare 1330. Leopold Duke of Austria Albert the second Count of Tyroll by the Marriage of his Sonne to the Niece of the King of Bohemia died in the yeare 1359. Albert the third Duke of Austria died in the yeare 1395. Albert the fifth Emperour and by marriage of the Daughter of the Emperour Sigismond made King of Hungaria and of Bohemia died in the yeare 1439. Fredericke the third Emperour died in the yeare 1493. Maximilian the first Emperour after the death of Mathias King of Hungary recouered that Kingdome which he had vsurped then retaining to himselfe the right of succession yeelded it to Ladrslaus and marrying the daughter of Charles Duke of Burgundy made that Dukedome and all the Prouinces of Netherland hereditary to the House of Austria He died in the yeare 1519. Philip marrying the Daughter of Ferdinand King of Spaine became Heire to those Kingdomes and died young before his Father in the yeare 1506. Charles the fifth Emperor died in the yeere 1558. By his Wife Isabella daughter to the King of Portugall Philip King of Spaine This is the first Family of the Archdukes of Austria to this day reigning in Spaine Philip King of Spaine borne of Anne of Austria in the yeare 1578. Two sisters Catherin-borne of Isabella of Valoss wife to the Duke of Sanoy and Isabella Clara Eugenia wife to arch-Duke Albert and borne of Anne of Austria By Anne of Austria Iames died of nine yeares of age Ferdinand died a child Charles Dentatus by Marie of Portugall by his Fathers permission put to death by the Inquisition anno 1568. Ferdinand died an Infant Two Sisters Mary wife to the Emperour Maximilian the second and Ione wife to the King of Fortugall By Ione his concubine Don Iuan Victor of the Turks in naual fight dying an 1578. Ione wife to the Duke of Florence Marie wife to the Duke of Parma Foure Daughters Elinora married to Francis the first King of France died ann 1558. Isabel wife to the King of Denmarke died ann 1525. Mary wife to the King of Hungary after gouerning Netherland died ann 1558. Catherine wife to the King of Portingall Ferdinand Emperour after the vnhappy death of Lodonicus King of Hungary in a battell against the Turks in the yeare 1526 by the right of his wife sister and heire to 〈◊〉 the said contract made by Maximilian I Emperor was crowned King of Hungary and also by his said wiues right K. of Bohemia died anno 1564. Maximilian the second Emperor maried to Mary sister to Philip King of Spaine died anno 1576. This is the second Family of the Arch-Dukes of Austria to this day succeeding in the Empire of Germany Ferdinand died a childe in the yeare 1552. Rodulp 2 of that name and the eighth Emperour of this Family chosen King of the Romans 1575 Emperour 1576. succeeding King of Hungarie 1572 King of Bohemia 1575. Hee was at this time Emperor and liued vnmarried 3. Sonne Ernestus gouerned Netherland and died vnmarried 4. Matthew vnmarried 5. Maximilian vnmarried 6. Albert surrendered his