and Huda with those of Surrey fell on the Danes at thir landing in Tanet and at first put them back but the slain and drown'd were at length so many on either side as left the loss equal on both which yet hinderd not the solemnity of a marriage at the feast of Easter between Burhed the Mercian and Ethelswida King Ethelwolf's Daughter An. Dom. 854 Howbeit the Danes next year winterd again in Shepey Whom Ethelwolf not finding human health sufficient to resist growing daily upon him in hope of divine aid registerd in a Book and dedicated to God the tenth part of his own lands and of his whole Kingdome eas'd of all impositions but converted to the maintenance of Masses and Psalms weekly to be sung for the prospering of Ethelwolf and his Captains as appears at large by the Patent it self in William of Malmsbury Asser saith de did it for the redemtion of his Soul and the Soul of his Ancestors After which as having done some great matter to shew himself at Rome and be applauded of the Pope he takes a long and cumbersome journey thether with young Alfrid again and there staies a year An. Dom. 855 when his place requir'd him rather heer in the field against Pagan Enemies left wintring in his land Yet so much manhood he had as to return thence no Monk and in his way home took to Wife Judith Daughter of Charles the bald King of France But ere his return Ethelbald his eldest Son Alstan his trusty Bishop and Enulf Earl of Somerset conspir'd against him thir complaints were that he had tak'n with him Alfrid his youngest Son to be there inaugurated King and brought home with him an out-landish Wife for which they endeavourd to deprive him of his Kingdom The disturbance was expected to bring forth nothing less then War but the King abhorring civil discord after many conferences tending to peace condescended to divide the Kingdom with his Son division was made but the matter so carried that the Eastern and worst part was malignly afforded to the Father The Western and best giv'n to the Son at which many of the Nobles had great indignation offring to the King thir utmost assistance for the recovery of all whom he peacefully dissuading sat down contented with his portion assign'd In the East-Angles Edmund lineal from the antient stock of those Kings a youth of 14 years only but of great hopes was with consent of all but his own Crown'd at Burie An. Dom. 857 About this time as Buchanan relates the Picts who not long before had by the Scots bin driv'n out of thir Countrey part of them coming to Osbert and Ella then Kings of Northumberland obtain'd aid against Donaldus the Scotish King to recover thir antient possession Osbert who in person undertook the expedition marching into Scotland was at first put to a retreat but returning soon after on the Scots over-secure of thir suppos'd Victory put them to flight with great slaughter took Pris'ner thir King and persu'd his Victory beyond Sterlinbridge The Scots unable to resist longer and by Embassadors entreating peace had it granted them on these conditions the Scots were to quit all they had possess'd within the Wall of Severus the limits of Scotland were beneath Sterlin-bridge to be the River Forth and on the other side Dunbritton Frith from that time so call'd of the Brittish then seated in Cumberland who had joind with Osbert in this Action and so far extended on that side the Brittish limits If this be true as the Scotch Writers themselv's witness and who would think them Fabulous to the disparagement of thir own Country how much wanting have bin our Historians to thir Countries Honour in leting pass unmention'd an exploit so memorable by them rememberd and attested who are wont ofter to extenuate then to amplifie aught done in Scotland by the English Donaldus on these conditions releas't soon after dyes according to Buchanan in 858. Ethelwolf Chief King in England had the year before ended his life and was buried as his Father at Winchester He was from his youth much addicted to devotion so that in his Fathers time he was ordain'd Bishop of Winchester and unwillingly for want of other Legitimate Issue succeeded him in the Throne mannaging therfore his greatest affairs by the activity of two Bishops Alstan of Sherburne and Swithine of Winchester But Alstan is noted of Covetousness and Oppression by William of Malmsbury the more vehemently no doubt for doing some notable damage to that Monastery The same Author writes that Ethelwolf at Rome paid a Tribute to the Pope continu'd to his dayes However he were facil to his Son and seditious Nobles in yeilding up part of his Kingdome yet his Queen he treated not the less honourably for whomsoever it displeas'd The West-Saxon had decreed ever since the time of Eadburga the infamous Wife of Birthric that no Queen should sit in State with the King or be dignifi'd with the Title of Queen But Ethelwolf permitted not that Judith his Queen should loose any point of Regal State by that Law At his Death he divided the Kingdom between his two Sons Ethelbald and Ethelbert to the younger Kent Essex Surrey Sussex to the Elder all the rest to Peter and Paul certain revenues yearly for what uses let others relate who write also his Pedigree from Son to Father up to Adam Ethelbald and Ethelbert EThelbald unnatural and disloyal to his Father fell justly into another though contrary sin of too much love to his Fathers Wife and whom at first he oppos'd coming into the Land her now unlawfully marrying he takes into his Bed but not long enjoying dy'd at three years end without doing aught more worthy to be rememberd having reign'd two years with his Father impiously usurping An. Dom. 860 and three after him as unworthily inheriting And his hap was all that while to be unmolested by the Danes not of Divine favour doubtless but to his greater condemnation living the more securely his incestuous life Huntingdon on the other side much praises Ethelbald and writes him buried at Sherburn with great sorrow of the people who miss'd him long after Mat. West saith that he repented of his incest with Judith and dismiss'd her but Asser an Eye witness of those times mentions no such thing Ethelbert alone EThelbald by Death remov'd the whole Kingdom came rightfully to Ethelbert his next Brother Who though a Prince of great Vertue and no blame had as short a Reign allotted him as his faulty Brother nor that so peacefull once or twice invaded by the Danes But they having landed in the West with a great Army and sackt Winchester were met by Osric Earl of Southampton and Ethelwolf of Bark-shire beat'n to thir Ships and forc't to leave thir booty Five years after about the time of his An. Dom. 855 Death they set foot again in Tanet the Kentish men wearied out with
so frequent Alarms came to agreement with them for a certain sum of money but ere the peace could be ratifi'd and the money gatherd the Danes impatient of delay by a sudden eruption in the night soon wasted all the East of Kent Mean while or something before Ethelbert deceasing was buried as his Brother at Sherburne Ethelred EThelred the third Son of Ethelwolf at his first An. Dom. 866 coming to the Crown was entertain'd with a fresh invasion of Danes led by Hinguar and Hubba two Brothers who now had got footing among the East-Angles there they winterd and coming to terms of peace with the Inhabitants furnish'd themselves of Horses forming by that means many Troops with Riders of thir own These Pagans Asser saith came from the River Danubius Fitted An. Dom. 867 thus for a long expedition they ventur'd the next year to make thir way over land and over Humber as far as Yorke them they found to thir hands imbroil'd in civil dissentions thir King Osbert they had thrown out and Ella Leader of another faction chosen in his room who both though late admonish'd by thir common danger towards the years end with united powers made head against the Danes and prevail'd but persueing them over-eagerly into Yorke then but slenderly wall'd the Northumbrians were every where slaughter'd both within and without thir Kings also both slain thir City burnt saith Malmsbury the rest as they could made thir peace over-run and vanquisht as far as the River Tine and Egbert of English race appointed King over them Bromton no antient Author for he wrote since Mat. West nor of much credit writes a particular cause of the Danes coming to Yorke that Bruern a Nobleman whose Wife King Osbert had ravisht call'd in Hinguar and Hubba to revenge him The example is remarkable if the truth were as evident Thence victorious the Danes next year enterd into Mercia towards An. Dom. 868 Nottingham where they spent the Winter Burhed then King of that Country unable to resist implores the aid of Ethelred and young Alfred his Brother they assembling thir Forces and joining with the Mercians about Nottingham offer Battel the Danes not daring to come forth kept themselves within that Town and Castle so that no great fight was hazarded there at length the Mercians weary of long suspence enterd into conditions of peace with thir Enemies After which the Danes returning back to Yorke made thir abode there the space of one year committing some say many cruelties An. Dom. 869 An. Dom. 870 Thence imbarking to Lindsey and all the Summer destroying that Country about September they came with like fury into Kesteven another part of Lincolnshire where Algar the Earl of Howland now Holland with his Forces and two hunderd stout Souldiers belonging to the Abbey of Croiland three hunderd from about Boston Morcard Lord of Brunne with his numerous Family well train'd and arm'd Osgot Governour of Lincoln with 500. of that City all joyning together gave Battel to the Danes slew of them a great multitude with three of thir Kings and persu'd the rest to thir Tents but the night following Gothrun Baseg Osketil Halfden and Hamond five Kings and as many Earls Frena Hinguar Hubba Sidroc the Elder and Younger coming in from several parts with great forces and spoils great part of the English began to slink home Nevertheless Algar with such as forsook him not all next day in order of Battel facing the Danes and sustaining unmov'd the brunt of thir assaults could not withhold his men at last from persueing thir counterfitted flight wherby op'nd and disorder'd they fell into the snare of thir Enemies rushing back upon them Algar and those Captains fore-nam'd with him all resolute men retreating to a hill side and slaying of such as follow'd them manifold thir own number dy'd at length upon heaps of dead which they had made round about them The Danes thence passing on into the Country of East-Angles rifl'd and burnt the Monastery of Elie overthrew Earl Wulketul with his whole Army and lodg'd out the Winter at Thetford where King Edmund assailing them was with his whole Army put to flight himself tak'n bound to a stake and shot to Death with Arrows his whole Country subdu'd The next year An. Dom. 871 with great supplies saith Huntingdon bending thir march toward the West-Saxons the only people now left in whom might seem yet to remain strength or courage likely to oppose them they came to Reading fortifi'd there between the two Rivers of Thames and Kenet and about three dayes after sent out wings of Horse under two Earls to forage the Country but Ethelwulf Earl of Barkshire at Englefeild a Village nigh encounterd them slew one of thir Earls and obtain'd a great Victory Four dayes after came the King himself and his Brother Alfred with the main Battail and the Danes issuing forth a bloody fight began on either side great slaughter in which Earl Ethelwulf lost his life but the Danes loosing no ground kept thir place of standing to the end Neither did the English for this make less hast to another conflict at Escesdunc or Ashdown four dayes after where both Armies with thir whole force on either side met The Danes were imbattail'd in two great Bodies the one led by Bascai and Halfden thir two Kings the other by such Earls as were appointed in like manner the English divided thir powers Ethelred the King stood against their Kings and though on the lower ground and coming later into the Battail from his Orisons gave a fierce onset wherin Bascai the Danish History names him Erazus the Son of Regicerus was slain Alfred was plac'd against the Earls and beginning the Battail ere his Brother came into the field with such resolution charg'd them that in the shock most of them were slain they are nam'd Sidroc Elder and Younger Osbern Frean Harald at length in both Divisions the Danes turn thir backs many thousands of them cut off the rest persu'd till night So much the more it may be wonderd to hear next in the Annals that the Danes 14 days after such an over-throw fighting again with Ethelred and his Brother Alfred at Basing under conduct saith the Danish History of Agnerus and Hubbo Brothers of the slain Evacus should obtain the Victory especially since the new supply of Danes mention'd by Asser arriv'd after this action But after two Months the King and his Brother fought with them again at Mertun in two Squadrons as before in which fight hard it is to understand who had the better so darkly do the Saxon Annals deliver thir meaning with more then wonted infancy Yet these I take for Asser is heer silent to be the Chief Fountain of our story the ground and basis upon which the Monks later in time gloss and comment at thir pleasure Nevertheless it appears that on the Saxon part not Heamund the Bishop only but many valiant men
within five days depart the Land He who perceav'd now his numbers to diminish readily obey'd and with his Wife and three Sons Tosti Swane and Gyrtha with as much treasure as thir Ship could carry embarking at Thorney sail'd into Flanders to Earl Baldwin whose Daughter Judith Tosti had married for Wulnod his fourth Son was then hostage to the King in Normandy his other two Harold and Leoswin taking Ship at Bristow in a Vessel that lay ready there belonging to Swane pass'd into Ireland King Edward persueing his displeasure divorc'd his Wife Edith Earl Godwins Daughter sending her despoil'd of all her Ornaments to Warewel with one waiting Maid to be kept in custody by his Sister the Abbess there His reason of so doing was as harsh as his act that she only while her neerest relations were in banishment might not though innocent enjoy ease at home After this William Duke of Normandy with a great number of followers coming into England was by King Edward honorably entertain'd and led about the Cities and Castles as it were to shew him what ere long was to be his own though at that time saith Ingulf no mention thereof pass'd between them then after some time of his abode heer presented richly and dismiss'd he return'd home The next year Queen Emma dy'd and was buried at Winchester The Chronicle attributed An. Dom. 1052 to John Bromton a Yorkshire Abbot but rather of some nameless Author living under Edward the 3d. or later reports that the year before by Robert the Archbishop she was accus'd both of consenting to the Death of her Son Alfred and of prepareing poyson for Edward also lastly of too much familiarity with Alwin Bishop of Winchester that to approve her innocence praying over-night to St. Swithun she offerd to pass blindfold between certain Plow-shares red hot according to the Ordalian Law which without harm she perform'd that the King therupon receav'd her to honour and from her and the Bishop penance for his credulity that the Archbishop asham'd of his accusation fled out of England which besides the silence of antienter Authors for the Bishop fled not till a year after brings the whole story into suspition in this more probable if it can be proov'd that in memory of this deliverance from the nine burning Plow-shares Queen Emma gave to the Abbey of St. Swithune nine Mannors and Bishop Alwin other nine About this time Griffin Prince of South-Wales wasted Herefordshire to oppose whom the people of that Country with many Normans garrisond in the Castle of Hereford went out in Armes but were put to the worse many slain and much booty driv'n away by the Welch Soon after which Harold and Leofwin Sons of Godwin coming into Severn with many Ships in the Confines of Somerset and Dorset-shire spoil'd many Villages and resisted by those of Somerset and Devonshire slew in fight more then 30 of thir principal men many of the common sort and return'd with much booty to thir Fleet. King Edward on the other side made ready above 60 Ships at Sandwich well stor'd with men and provision under the conduct of Odo and Radulf two of his Norman Kindred enjoyning them to find out Godwin whom he heard to be at Sea To quick'n them he himself lay on ship-broad oft-times watch'd and sail'd up and down in search of those Pirats But Godwin whether in a mist or by other accident passing by them arriv'd in another part of Kent and dispersing secret messengers abroad by fair words allur'd the cheif men of Kent Sussex Surrey and Essex to his party which news coming to the Kings fleet at Sandwich they hasted to find him out but missing of him again came up without effect to London Godwin advertisd of this forthwith sail'd to the I le of Wight where at length his two sons Harold and Leofwin finding him with thir united Navy lay on the coast forbearing other hostility then to furnish themselves with fresh victual from Land as they needed Thence as one fleet they set forward to Sandwich using all fair means by the way to encrease thir numbers both of Mariners and Souldiers The King then at London startl'd at these tydings gave speedy order to raise Forces in all parts which had not revolted from him but now too late for Godwin within a few days after with his Ships or Gallies came up the River Thames to Southwark and till the tide return'd had conference with the Londoners whom by fair speeches for he was held a good Speaker in those times he brought to his bent The tide returning and none upon the Bridge hindring he row'd up in his Gallies along the South bank where his Land-army now come to him in array of battel stood on the shore then turning toward the North side of the River where the Kings Gallies lay in some readiness and Land-forces also not far off he made shew as offring to fight but they understood one another and the souldiers on either side soon declar'd thir resolution not to fight English against English Thence coming to treaty the King and the Earl reconcil'd both armies were dissolv'd Godwin and his sons restor'd to their former dignities except Swane who touch't in conscience for the slaughter of Beorn his kinsman was gone bare-foot to Jerusalem and returning home dy'd by sickness or Saracens in Lycia his wife Edith Godwins daughter King Edward took to him again dignify'd as before Then were the Normans who had done many unjust things under the Kings authority and giv'n him ill counsel against his people banish't the Realm some of them not blameable permitted to stay Robert Archbishop of Canterbury William of London Vlf of Lincoln all Normans hardly escaping with thir followers got to Sea The Archbishop went with his complaint to Rome but returning dy'd in Normandy at the same Monastery from whence he came Osbern and Hugh surrender'd thir Castles and by permission of Leofric pass'd through his Counties with thir Normans to Macbeth King of Scotland The year following Rhese An. Dom. 1053 brother to Griffin Prince of South Wales who by inrodes had done much damage to the English tak'n at Bulendun was put to death by the Kings appointment and his head brought to him at Gloster The same year at Winchester on the second holy-day of Easter Earl Godwin sitting with the King at table sunk down suddenly in his seat as dead his three sons Harold Tosti and Gyrtha forthwith carried him into the Kings Chamber hoping he might revive but the malady had so seis'd him that the fifth day after he expir'd The Normans who hated Godwin give out saith Malmsbury that mention happ'ning to be made of Elfred and the King thereat looking sowerly upon Godwin he to vindicate himself utter'd these words Thou O King at every mention made of thy brother Elsred look'st frowningly upon me but let God not suffer me to swallow this morsel if I be guilty of ought done against his life or
thy advantage that after these words choak't with the morsel tak'n he sunk down and recover'd not His first wife was the sister of Cannute a woman of much infamy for the trade she drove of buying up English Youths and Maids to sell in Denmarke whereof she made great gain but ere long was struck with thunder and dy'd The year ensuing Siward Earl of An. Dom. 1054 Northumberland with a great number of horse and foot attended also by a strong fleet at the Kings appointment made an expedition into Scotland vanquish't the Tyrant Macbeth slaying many thousands of Scots with those Normans that went thether and plac'd Malcolm Son of the Cumbrian King in his stead yet not without loss of his own Son and many other both English and Danes Told of his Sons Death he ask'd whether he receav'd his Deaths wound before or behind when it was answerd before I am glad saith hee and should not else have thought him though my Son worthy of Burial In the mean while King Edward being without Issue to succeed him sent Aldred Bishop of Winchester with great presents to the Emperour entreating him to prevail with the King of Hungary that Edward the remaining Son of his Brother Edmund Ironside might be sent into England Siward but one year surviving An. Dom. 1055 his great Victory dy'd at Yorke reported by Huntingdon a man of Giant-like stature by his own demeanour at point of Death manifested of a rough and meer souldierly mind For much disdaining to die in bed by a disease not in the field fighting with his enemies he caus'd himself compleatly arm'd and weapon'd with battel-ax and shield to be set in a chair whether to fight with death if he could be so vain or to meet him when far other weapons and preparations were needful in a Martial bravery but true fortitude glories not in the feats of War as they are such but as they serve to end War soonest by a victorious Peace His Earldom the King bestow'd on Tosti the Son of Earl Godwin and soon after in a Convention held at London banish't without visible cause Huntigdon saith for treason Algar the Son of Leofric who passing into Ireland soon return'd with eighteen ships to Griffin Prince of South Wales requesting his aid against King Edward He assembling his Powers enter'd with him into Hereford-shire whom Radulf a timorous Captain Son to the Kings Sister not by Eustace but a former husband met two miles distant from Hereford and having hors'd the English who knew better to fight on foot without stroke he with his French and Normans beginning to flie taught the English by his example Griffin and Algar following the chase slew many wounded more enter'd Hereford slew seven Canons defending the Minster burnt the Monasterie and Reliques then the City killing some leading captive others of the Citizens return'd with great spoils whereof King Edward having notice gather'd a great Army at Gloster under the conduct of Harold now Earl of Kent who strenuously pursuing Griffin enter'd Wales and encamp'd beyond Straddale But the enemy flying before him farther into the Country leaving there the greater part of his Army with such as had charge to fight if occasion were offer'd with the rest he return'd and fortifi'd Hereford with a wall and gates Mean while Griffin and Algar dreading the diligence of Harold after many messages to and fro concluded a Peace with him Algar discharging his fleet with pay at West Chester came to the King and was restor'd to his Earldom But Griffin with breach of faith the next year set upon An. Dom. 1056 Leofgar the Bishop of Hereford and his Clerks then at a place call'd Glastbrig with Agelnoth Vicount of the shire and slew them but Leofric Harold and King Edward by force as is likeliest though it be not said how reduc'd him to Peace The next year An. Dom. 1057 Edward Son of Edmund Ironside for whom his Uncle King Edward had sent to the Emperour came out of Hungary design'd Successor to the Crown but within a few days after his coming dy'd at London leaving behind him Edgar Atheling his Son Margaret and Christina his Daughters About the same time also dy'd Earl Leofric in a good old age a man of no less vertue then power in his time religious prudent and faithful to his Country happily wedded to Godiva a woman of great praise His Son Algar found less favour with King Edward again banish't the year after An. Dom. 1058 his Fathers death but he again by the aid of Griffin and a fleet from Norway maugre the King soon recover'd his Earldom The next year Malcolm An. Dom. 1059 King of Scots coming to visit King Edward was brought on his way by Tosti the Northumbrian Earl to whom he swore brotherhood yet the next year An. Dom. 1061 but one while Tosti was gone to Rome with Aldred Archbishop of York for his Pall this sworn brother taking advantage of his absence roughly harrass'd Northumberland The year passing to an end without other matter of moment save the frequent inrodes and robberies of Griffin whom no bonds of faith could restrain King Edward sent against him after Christmas Harold now Duke of West-Saxons An. Dom. 1062 with no great body of Horse from Gloster where he then kept his Court whose coming heard of Griffin not daring to abide nor in any part of his Land holding himself secure escap't hardly by Sea ere Harold coming to Rudeland burnt his Palace and Ships there returning to Gloster the same day But by the middle An. Dom. 1063 of May setting out with a fleet from Bristow he sail'd about the most part of Wales and met by his brother Tosti with many Troops of Horse as the King had appointed began to waste the Country but the Welch giving pledges yeilded themselves promis'd to become tributary and banish Griffin thir Prince who lurking somewhere was the next year tak'n and An. Dom. 1064 slain by Griffin Prince of North Wales his head with the head and tackle of his Ship sent to Harold by him to the King who of his gentleness made Blechgent and Rithwallon or Rivallon his two Brothers Princes in his stead they to Harold in behalf of the King swore fealty and tribute Yet the next year An. Dom. 1065 Harold having built a fair house at a place call'd Portascith in Monmouth-shire and stor'd it with provision that the King might lodge there in time of hunting Caradoc the Son of Griffin slain the year before came with a number of men slew all he found there and took away the provision Soon after which the Northumbrians in a tumult at York beset the Palace of Tosti their Earl slew more then 200 of his Souldiers and Servants pillag'd his Treasure and put him to flie for his life The cause of this insurrection they alledg'd to be for that the Queen Edith had commanded in her Brother Tosti's behalf
them promis'd peace and defence yet permitted his men the while to burn and make prey Coming to London with all his Army he was on Christmass day sollemly Crown'd in the great Church at Westminster by Aldred Archbishop of York having first giv'n his Oath at the Altar in presence of all the people to defend the Church well govern the people maintain right Law prohibit rapine and unjust judgment Thus the English while they agreed not about the choice of thir native King were constrein'd to take the Yoke of an out-landish Conquerer With what minds and by what course of life they had fitted themselves for this servitude William of Malmsbury spares not to lay op'n Not a few years before the Normans came the Clergy though in Edward the Confessors daies had lost all good literature and Religion scarse able to read and understand thir Latin Service he was a miracle to others who knew his Grammar The Monks went clad in fine stuffs and made no difference what they eat which though in it self no fault yet to their Consciences was irreligious The great men giv'n to gluttony and dissolute life made a prey of the common people abuseing thir Daughters whom they had in service then turning them off to the Stews the meaner sort tipling together night and day spent all they had in Drunk'ness attended with other Vices which effeminate mens minds Whence it came to pass that carried on with fury and rashness more then any true fortitude or skill of War they gave to William thir Conquerour so easie a Conquest Not but that some few of all sorts were much better among them but such was the generality And as the long suffering of God permits bad men to enjoy prosperous daies with the good so his severity oft times exempts not good men from thir share in evil times with the bad If these were the Causes of such misery and thraldom to those our Ancestors with what better close can be concluded then here in fit season to remember this Age in the midst of her security to fear from like Vices without amendment the Revolutions of like Calamities FINIS AN INDEX Of all the Chief Persons and material passages contained in the foregoing HISTORY A. ADda succeeds his Father Ida in the Kingdom of Bernicia p. 127. Adminius the Son of Cunobeline banish't his Country flies to the Emperour Caligula and stirs him up against it p. 51. Aganippus a Gaulish King marries Cordelia the Daughter of King Leir p. 20. Agricola Son of Severianus spreads the Pelagian Doctrine in Britain p. 104. Aidan a Scotch Bishop sent for by Oswald to settle Religion p. 155. he hath his Episcopal Seat at Lindisfarne ibid. he dies for grief of the Murder of Oswin p. 157. Alaric takes Rome from the Emperour Honorius p. 97. Alban of Verulam with others suffers Martyrdom under Dioclesian p. 88. Albanact one of the three Sons of Brutus hath Albania now Scotland for his share in the Kingdom p. 14. Albion the ancient name of this Island p. 4 5. whence derived ibid. Albina said to be the Eldest of Dioclesians 50 Daughters p. 5. from her the name Albion derived ibid. Alcled slaying Ethelwald usurps the Kingdom of the Northumbrians p. 177. Aldfrid recall'd from Ireland succeeds his Brother Ecfrid in the Northumbrian Kingdom p. 168. he leaves Osred a Child to succeed him p. 169. Aldulf the Nephew of Ethelwald succeeds King of the East-Angles p. 187. Alectus treacherously slays his friend Carausius to get the Dominion p. 87. is overthrown by Asclepiodotus and slain ibid. Alemannus reported one of the four Sons of Histion descended from Japhet and of whom the Alemanni or Germans p. 5. Alfage Archbishop of Canterbury inhumanly us'd by the Danes p. 256. kill'd outright by Thrum a Dane in commiseration of his misery ibid. Alfred the fourth Son of Ethelwolf and successour of his Brother Ethelred encounters the Danes at Wilton p. 204. he gives Battel to the whole Danish power at Edinton and totally routing them brings them to terms p. 206. 207. he is said to have bestow'd the East-Angles upon Gytro a Danish King who had been lately baptis'd p. 207. a long tedious War afterwards maintain'd between him and the Danes p. 209. 210. c. he dies in the 30th year of his Reign and is buried at Winchester p. 212. his noble Character p. 213. 214. Alfwold driving out Eardulf usurps the Kingdom of Northumberland p. 185. Algar Earl of Howland now Holland Morcard Lord of Brunne and Osgot Governour of Lincoln slaughter a great multitude of the Danes in Battail with three of their Kings p. 201. overpowr'd with numbers and drawn into a snare Algar dies valiantly fighting ibid. Algar the Son of Leofric banisht by King Edward joins with Griffin Prince of South-Wales p. 291. 292. unable to withstand Harold Earl of Kent he submits to the King and is restor'd p. 292. banisht again he recovers his Earldom by force p. 293. Alipius made Deputy of the British Province in the room of Martinus p. 90. Alla begins the Kingdom of Deira in the South-part of Northumberland p. 127. 133. Alric King of Kent after Ethelbert the II. p. 177. with him dying ends the race of Hengist p. 181. Ambrosius Aurelianus dreaded by Vortimer p. 117. defeats the Saxons in a memorable Battel p. 118. uncertain whether the Son of Constantine the Vsurper or the same with Merlin and Son of a Roman Consul p. 118. he succeeds Vortigern as Chief Monarch of the I le ibid. Anacletus the friend of King Pandrasus is taken in fight by Brutus p. 9. he is forc't by Brutus to betray his own Countrymen ibid. Andragius one in the Catalogue of ancient British Kings p. 28. Androgeus one of Lud's Sons hath London assign'd him and Kent p. 29. forsakes his claim to the Kingdom and follows Caesars fortune p. 51. Anlaf the Dane with his Army of Irish and Constantine King of Scotland utterly discomfited by King Athelstan p. 225. 226. c. Anna succeeds Sigebert in the Kingdom of the East-Angles p. 157. he is slain in War by Penda the Mercian p. 159. Antigonus the Brother of King Pandrasus taken in fight by Brutus p. 9. Antoninus sent against the Caledonians by his Father Severus p. 84. after whose Death he takes hostages and departs to Rome ibid. Archigallo depos'd for his Tyranny p. 26. being restor'd by his Brother he becomes a new man and reigns worthily p. 27. Archimailus one in the number of ancient British Kings p. 28. Armorica in France peopled by Britans that fled from the Saxons p. 114. Arthur the Victory at Badon-hill by some ascrib'd to him which by others is attributed to Ambrose p. 122. who he was and whether the Authour of such famous Acts as are related of him p. 122. 123. c. Arviragus ingaging against Claudius keeps up the Battail to a Victory by personating his slain Brother Guiderius p. 54. Athelstan the Son of King Edward the Elder by
Plautius p. 53. heads the Silures against the Romans p. 56. 57. is betray'd by Cartismandua to whom he fled for refuge p. 57. is sent to Rome ibid. his Speech to the Emperour p. 58. by the braveness of his carriage he obtains pardon for himself and all his Company ibid. Carausius grown rich with Piracy possesses himself of this Island p. 86. he fortifies the Wall of Severus ibid. in the midst of the great preparations of Constantius Chlorus against him he is slain by his friend Alectus p. 87. Carinus sent by his Father Carus the Emperour to govern this Isle of Britain is overcome and slain by Dioclesian p. 85. Cartismandua Queen of the Brigantes delivers Caractacus bound to the Romans p. 57. deserts her Husband Venutius and gives both her self and Kingdom to Vellocatus one of his Squires p. 60. Carvilius a petty King in Britain assaults the Roman Camp with three others p. 46. Cassibelaun one of the Sons of Heli gains the Kingdom by common consent p. 29. his generosity to his Brothers Sons ibid. he heads the Britans against Julius Caesar and the Romans p. 45. he is deserted by the Trinobantes and why p. 46. he yields to Caesar p. 47. is reported to have had War with Androgeus dies and is buried at York ibid. Cataracta an ancient City in Yorkshire burnt by Arnred a Tyrant Catellus an ancient Brittish King p. 28. Cerdic a Saxon Prince lands at Cerdic shore and overthrows the Britans p. 120. defeats their King Natanleod in a memorable Battel ibid. founds the Kingdom of West-Saxons p. 121. see Kerdic Cherin an ancient Brittish King p. 28. Christian Faith receiv'd in Britain by King Lucius p. 79. said to have been preach't by Faganus and Deruvianus p. 79. others say long before by Simon Zelotes or Joseph of Arimathaea p. 80. upon what occasion preach't to the Saxons p. 137. 138. Chrysanthus the Son of Marcianus a Bishop made Deputy of Britain by Theodosius p. 93. Cingetorix a petty King in Britain assaults the Roman Camp p. 46. is taken Prisoner by Caesar p. 47. Claudius the Emperour is perswaded by Bericus though a Britan to invade this Island p. 51. he sends Aulus Plautius hither with an Army p. 52. he comes over himself and joins with Plautius p. 53. defeats the Britans in a set Battel and takes Camalodunum p. 54. he returns to Rome leaving Plautius behind ibid. he hath excessive honours decreed him by the Senate ibid. Cliguellius an ancient Brittish King p. 28. Clodius Albinus succeeds Pertinax in the Government of Britain for the Romans p. 81. he is vanquish't and slain in a Battel against Septimius Severus p. 81. Coilus the Son of Marius leaves the Kingdom to Lucius p. 79. Coillus an ancient British King p. 28. Comail and two other British Kings slain by Keaulin and his Son Cuthwin p. 133. Comius of Arras sent by Caesar to make a party among the Britans p. 35. Constans of a Monk made a Caesars reduce all Spain to his Father Constantius's Obedience p. 95. displacing Gerontius is oppos'd by him and at last slain ibid. Constantine the Son of Constantius Chlorus saluted Emperour after his Fathers Death p. 88. 89. his Mother said to be Helena the Daughter of Coilus a British Prince p. 89. his eldest Son of the same name enjoys among other Provinces of the Empire this Island also ibid. a common Souldier of the same name saluted Emperour p. 95. by the valour of Oedebecus and Gerontius he gains in France as far as Arles ibid. by the conduct of his Son Constans and of Gerontius he reduces all Spain ibid. Gerontius displac't by him calls in the Vandals against him ibid. beseig'd by Constantius Comes he turns Priest is afterwards carried into Italy and put to Death p. 96. Constantine the Son of Cador sharply inveigh'd against by Gildas p. 131. he is said to have murder'd two young Princes of the blood Royal. ibid. Constantine King of Scotland joining with the Danes and Irish under Anlaf is overthrown by Athelstan p. 225. 226. Constantius Chlorus sent against Carausius p. 86. defeats Alectus who is slain in the Battel p. 87. is acknowledg'd by the Britans as their deliverer p. 88. divides the Empire with Galerius ibid. dies at York ibid. Constantius the Son of Constantine overcomes Magnentius who contested with him for the sole Empire p. 89. Cordeilla's sincere answer to her Father begets his displeasure p. 18. she is married to Aganippus a King in Gaul ibid. she receives her Father rejected by his other Daughters with most dutiful affection p. 19. restores him to his Crown and Reigns after him p. 20. is vanquisht depos'd and imprison'd by her two Sister's Sons ibid. Corineus a Trojan Commander joins Forces with Brutus p. 12. slaies Imbertus ibid. arrives with Brutus in this Island p. 13. Cornwal from him denominated falls to his Lot p. 14. he overcomes the Giant Goemagog p. 14. Crida the first of the Mercian Kingdom p. 133. Cuichelm the West-Saxon sends Eumerus a Sword-man to assassin King Edwin p. 148. is baptis'd in Dorchester but dies the same year p. 155. Cunedagius the Son of Regan deposeth his Aunt Cordelia p. 20. shares the Kingdom with his Cosin Marganus is invaded by him meets him and overcomes him p. 20. Cuneglas a British King Reigns one of five a little before the Saxons were setled p. 131. Cunobeline see Kymbeline Cutha helps his Father Keaulin against Ethelbert p. 128. Cuthred King of West-Saxons joyns with Ethelbald the Mercian and gains a great victory over the Welsh p. 174. he hath a fierce battel with Ethelbald the Mercian which he not long survives p. 175. a King of Kent of the same name p. 185. Cuthulf the Brother of Keaulin vanquisheth the Britains at Bedanford and takes several Towns p. 132. Cuthwin see Keaulin D. DAnes first appear in the West p. 179. they stay the Kings Gatherers of Custom ibid. landing at Lindisfarne in York-shire they pillage that Monastery slay and captivate several both Fryars and others p. 181. attempting to spoil another Monastery they are cut off by the English p. 182. they make very great waste and havock in Northumberland p. 188. they waste Shepey in Kent and engage with Ecbert near the River Carr p. 191. they are overthrown and put to flight by Ecbert p. 192. their various success in the reign of Ethelwolf p. 192 193 c. many great battels between them and the English in the reign of Ethelred with various fortune p. 201 202 c. their whole Army being defeated they are brought to terms by King Alfred p. 207. in the same Kings reign several vast Fleets of Danes arrive with fresh supplies p. 208. a vast Army of them over-thrown by King Athelstan p. 225. a massicre committed upon them by the English in all parts of the Land in the reign of King Ethelred p. 249. Danius reckon'd among the Ancient British Kings p. 25. Deruvianus see Faganus Dinothus Abbot of Bangor his
259. he practises against the life of Prince Edmund and revolts to the Danes p. 260. his cunning devices to hinder Edmund in the prosecution of his Victories against Canute p. 263 264. is thought by some to have been the Contriver of King Edmunds murther p. 266. the Government of the Mercians conferr'd upon him p. 268. he is put to death by Canutus and his head stuck upon a pole and set upon the highest Tower in London p. 268. Edward the Elder Son and Successor of King Alfred hath War with Ethelwald his Kinsman who aspiring to the Crown stirs up the Danes against him p. 115 116. he proves successful and potent divers Princes and great Commanders of the Danes submitting to him p. 216 217 c. the King and whole Nation of Scotland with divers other Frinces and people do him homage as their Soveraign p. 221. he dies at Farendon and is buried at Winchester p. 222. Edward sirnamed the Younger Edgar's Son by his first Wife Egelfleda is advanc't to the Throne p. 241. the contest in his Reign between the Monks and secular Priests each abetted by their several parties p. 242. great mischief done by the falling of a house where a general Council for deciding the controversie was held ibid. Edward inhumanely murder'd by the treachery of his step-mother Elfrida p. 243. Edward Son of Edmund Ironside Heir apparent to the Crown dies at London p. 292. Edward sirnamed the Confessor the Son of King Ethelred by Emma after Hardecnute's death is crown'd at Winchester p. 280. he seizeth on the Treasures of his mother Queen Emma p. 281. he marries Edith Earl Godwin's Daughter ibid. he makes preparation against Magnus King of Norway but next year makes peace with Harold Harvager ibid. he advances the Normans in England which proves of ill consequence p. 283. he is oppos'd by Earl Godwin in the Cause of Eustace of Boloign banishes the Earl and divorces his Daughter whom he had married p. 285 286. entertains Duke William of Normandy p. 287. he sends Odo and Radulf with a Fleet against Godwin and his Sons exercising Piracy p. 288. reconciliation at length made he restores the Earl his Sons and Daughter all to their former dignities p. 289. he is said to have design'd Duke William of Normandy his Successor to the Crown p. 296. dies and is buried at Westminster p. 297. his Character p. 297 298. Edwi the Son and Successor of Edmund is crown'd at Kingston p. 233. he banisheth Bishop Dunstan for reproving his wantonness with Algiva and proves an enemy to all Monks p. 233 234. the Mercians and Northumbrians revolt from him and set up his Brother Edgar p. 234. with grief thereof he ends his days and is buried at Winchester ibid. Edwin thrown out of the Kingdom of Deira by Ethelfrid p. 133. 146. flying to Redwall the East-Angle for refuge he is defended against Ethelfrid p. 147. he exceeds in power and extent of Dominion all before him p. 148. marries Edelburga the Sister of Eadbald ibid. he is wounded by an Assassin from Cuichelm ibid. the strange relation of his Conversion to Christianity p. 149. 150. he perswades Eorpald the Son of Redwald to embrace the Christian Faith p. 153. he is slain in a Battel against Kedwalla ibid. Edwin Duke of the Mercians see Morcar Elanius reckon'd in the number of ancient British Kings p. 25. Eldadus p. 28. Eldol ibid. Eledancus ibid. Elfled the Sister of King Edward the Elder takes Derby from the Danes p. 218. her Army of Mercians victorious against the Welsh ibid. after several Martial Acts she dies at Tamworth p. 221. Elfred the Son of King Ethelred by Emma betray'd by Earl Godwin and cruelly made away by Harold p. 274 276. Elfwald the Son of Oswulf succeeding Ethelred in Northumberland is rebell'd against by two of his Noblemen Osbald and Ethelheard p. 177. he is slain by the conspiracy of Siggan one of his Nobles p. 179. Elfwin slain in a Battel between his Brother Ecfrid and Ethelred p. 166. Elidure's noble demeanor towards his deposed Brother p. 26. after Archigallo's death he resumes the Government but is driven out again and imprison'd by his two other Brethren p. 27. Elind reckon'd in the number of ancient British Kings p. 28. Ella the Saxon lands with his three Sons and beats the Britans in two Battels p. 119. he and his Son Cissa take Andredschester in Kent by force ibid. begins his Kingdom of the South-Saxons ibid. Elwold Nephew of Ethelwald reigns King of the East-Angles after Aldulf p. 187. Emeric succeeds Otha in the Kingdom of Kent p. 127. Emma the Daughter of Richard Duke of Normandy married first to K. p. 249. afterwards to Canute p. 268. banisht by her Son-in-Law Harold she retires to Flanders and is entertained by Earl Baldwin p. 274. her Treasures seized on by her Son King Edward p. 281. she dies and is buried at Winchester p. 287. a Tradition concerning her question'd ib. Eorpwald the Son of Redwald King of the East-Angles perswaded to Christianity by Edwin p. 113. he is slain in fight by Ricbert a Pagan ibid. Erchenwin said by Huntingdon to be the Erector of the Kingdom of the East-Saxons p. 121. Ercombert succeeds Eadbald in the Kingdom of Kent p. 156. Eric see Iric Ermenred thought to have had more right to the Kingdom than Ercombert p. 156. Escwin and Kenswin the Nephew and Son of Kinegil said to have succeeded Kenwalk in the Government of the West-Saxons p. 164. Escwin joyns Battel with Wulfer at Bedanhafer and not long after deceaseth ibid. Estrildis belov'd by Locrine p. 14. is with her Daughter Sabra thrown into a River p. 15. Ethelbald King of Mercia after Ina commands all the Provinces on this side Humber p. 171. he takes the Town of Somerton p. 173. fraudulently assaults part of Northumberland in Eadberts absence p. 174. his encounter at Beorford with Cuthred the West-Saxon p. 175. in another bloody fight at Secandune he is slain p. 176. Ethelbald and Ethelbert share the English-Saxon Kingdom between them after their Father Ethelwolf Ethelbald marries Judith his Father's Widow p. 198. is buried at Shirburn ibid. Ethelbert succeeds Emeric in the Kingdom of Kent p. 127. he is defeated at Wibbandun by Keaulin and his Son Cutha p. 128. inlarges his Dominions from Kent to Humber p. 137. civilly receives Austin and his Fellow-preachers of the Gospel p. 139. is himself baptiz'd p. 140. mov'd by Austin he builds S. Peters Church in Canterbury and endows it p. 141. he builds and endows S. Paul's Church in London and the Cathedral at Rochester p. 142. his death p. 145. Ethelbert Eadbert and Alric succeed their Father Victred in the Kingdom of Kent p. 170. see Eadbright Ethelbert the Son of Ethelwolf after the death of his Brother Ethelbald enjoys the whole Kingdom to himself p. 198. during his Reign the Danes waste Kent p. 199. he is buried with his Brother at Shirburn ibid. Ethelfrid succeeds Ethelric in the Kingdom of
the Romans p. 56. they continue the War after Caractacus was taken against Ostorius and others p. 59. 60. 61. Simon Zelotes by some said to have preacht the Christian Faith in this Island p. 80. Sisillius succeeds Jago p. 21. Sisilius the Son of Guitheline succeeds his Mother Martia p. 25. another of that name reckon'd in the number of the ancient Brittish Kings p. 28. Siward Earl of Northumberland sent by Hardecnute together with Leofric against the people of Worcester p. 277. 278. he and Leofric raise Forces for King Edward against Earl Godwin p. 285. he makes an expedition into Scotland vanquishes Macbeth and placeth in his stead Malcolm Son of the Cumbrian King p. 290. 291. he dies at York in an armed posture p. 291. Sleda erects the Kingdom of the East-Saxons p. 121. South-Saxon Kingdom by whom erected p. 119. South-Saxons upon what occasion converted to the Christian Faith p. 164. Staterius King of Albany is defeated and slain in fight by Dunwallo Mulmutius p. 21. Stilicho represses the invading Scots and Picts p. 93. Stuff and Withgar the Nephews of Kerdic bring him new levies p. 120. they inherit what he won in the Isle of Wight p. 125. Suetonius Paulinus Lieutenant in Britain attaques the Isle of Mona or Anglesey p. 61. Suidhelm succeeds Sigebert in the Kingdom of the East-Saxons p. 61. he is baptiz'd by Kedda ibid. Swane in revenge of his Sisters Death makes great devastations in the West of England p. 250. he carries all before him as far as London but is there repell'd p. 257. is stil'd King of England ibid. he sickens and dies p. 258. Swane the Son of Earl Godwin treacherously murthers his Kinsman Beorn p. 282. his peace wrought with the King by Aldred Bishop of Worcester ibid. toucht in Conscience for the slaughter of Beorn he goes barefoot to Rome and returning home dies in Lycia p. 289. Swithred the last King of the East-Saxon Kingdom driven out by Eâ—bert the West-Saxon p. 174. 187. T. TAximagulus a petty King anciently in Britain one of the four Kings that assaulted Caesar's Camp p. 46. Tenuantius one of the Sons of Lud hath Cornwal allotted him p. 28. made King after the Death of Cassibelan p. 50. Tendric a Warlike King of Britain said to have exchang'd his Crown for a Hermitage p. 134. to have taken up Arms again in aid of his Son Mouric ibid. Theobale the Brother of King Ethelfrid slain at Degiastan p. 141. Theodore a Monk of Tarsus ordain'd Bishop of Canterbury by P. Vitalian p. 163. by his means the Liberal Arts and the Greek and Latin Tongues flourish among the Saxons ibid. Theodosius sent over by the Emperour Valentinian enters London victoriously p. 91. sends for Civilis and Dulcitius p. 92. punishes Valentinus a Pannonian conspiring against him ibid. he returns with applause to Valentinian p. 92. 93. Theodosius the Son of the former preferr'd to the Empire p. 93. overcomes and slays Maximus usurping the Empire p. 93. Thurfert and dirers other Danish Lords submit to King Edward the Elder p. 220. Titulus succeeds his Father Uffa in the Kingdom of the East-Angles p. 121. Togodumnus the second Son of Cunobeline succeeds in the Kingdom p. 51. is overthrown by Aulus Plautius p. 52. slain in Battel p. 53. Tosti the Son of Godwin made Earl of Northumberland in the room of Siward p. 291. he swears Brotherhood with Malcolm King of Scotland p. 293. goes to Rome with Aldred Bishop of York ibid. the Northumbrians rise against him and expel him p. 294. 295. a story of great outrage and cruelty committed by him at Hereford p. 295. making War against his Brother King Harold he is driven out of the Country by Edwin and Morcar p. 300. joining with Harold Harfager King of Norway against his Brother he is slain together with Harfager in the Battel p. 302. Trebellius Maximus sent into Britain in the room of Petronius Turpilianus p. 68. Trinobantes fall off from Cassibelan and submit to Caesar and recommend Mandubratius to his protection p. 45. 46. Turkil a Danish Earl assaults Canterbury but is bought off p. 253. he swears Allegiance to King Ethelred that under that pretence he might stay and give intelligence to Swane p. 256. he leaves the English again and joins with Canute p. 260. his greatness suspected by Canute he is banisht the Realm p. 269. Turquetill a Danish Leader submitting to King Edward obtains leave of him to go and try his Fortune in France p. 219. V. VAlentinian the Emperour sends over several Deputies successively into this Island p. 91. Vectius Bolanus sent into Britain in the room of Trebellius Maximus p. 68. Vellocatus see Venutius and Cartismandua Venutius a King of the Brigantes deserted by his Wife Cartismandua who marries his Squire Vellocatus p. 60. he rights himself against her by Arms ibid. makes War successfully against those taking part with his Wife p. 60. 61. Verannius succeeds A. Didius in the Brittish Wars p. 61. Vertue ever highly rewarded by the ancient Romans p. 55. Vespasian valiantly fighting under Plautius against the Britans is rescued from danger by his Son Titus p. 55. for his eminent services here he receives triumphal Ornaments at Rome p. 55. Uffa erects the Kingdom of the East-Angles p. 121. from him his successours call'd Uffings p. 121. Victorinus a Moor appeaseth a Commotion in Britain by slaying a Governour of his own recommending p. 85. Victorinus of Tolosa made Prefect of this Island p. 94. Victred the Son of Ecbert obtaining the Kingdom of Kent settles all things in peace p. 166. after 34 years Reign he deceaseth p. 170. Videna slays her Son Ferrex in revenge of her other Son Porrex p. 21. Vigenius and Peredure expelling their Brother Elidure share the Kingdom between them p. 27. Virius Lupus hath the North part of the Government assign'd him by Severus the Emperour p. 81. Ulfketel Duke of the East-Angles sets upon the Danes with great valour p. 250. his Army defeated through the subtlety of a Danish Servant p. 254. he is slain with several other Dukes at the fatal Battel of Assandune p. 264. Ulpius Marcellus sent Lieutenant into Britain by Commodus ends the War by his Valour and Prudence p. 8. Vortipor reigns in Demetia or South-Wales p. 132. Vortigern's Character p. 109. he is advis'd by his Council to invite in the Saxons against the Scots and Picts ibid. he bestows upon Hengist and the Saxons the Isle of Thanet p. 112. then all Kent upon a marriage with Rowen Hengist's Daughter p. 113. condemn'd in a Synod for incest with his Daughter he retires to a Castle in Radnorshire built for the purpose p. 115. his Son Guortimer dead heresumes the Government p. 116. is drawn into a snare by Hengist p. 117. retiring again is burnt in his Tower p. 117. Urianus reckon'd in the number of ancient Brittish Kings p. 28. Utherpendragon thought to be the same with Natanleod p. 120. Uthred submits himself with the Northumbrians to Swane
this Iland Where the Inhabitants none but Devils as som write or as others a lawless crew left heer by Albion without Head or Governour both entertain'd them and had issue by them a second breed of Giants who tyranniz'd the Ile till Brutus came The Eldest of these Dames in thir Legend they call Albina and from thence for which cause the whole scene was fram'd will have the name Albion deriv'd Incredible it may seem so sluggish a conceit should prove so ancient as to be authoriz'd by the Elder Ninnius reputed to have liv'd above a thousand years agoe This I find not in him but that Histion sprung of Japhet had four Sons Francus Romanus Alemannus and Britto of whom the Britans as true I beleeve as that those other Nations whose names are resembl'd came of the other three if these Dreams give not just occasion to call in doubt the Book it self which bears that title Hitherto the things themselves have giv'n us a warrantable dispatch to run them soon over But now of Brutus and his Line with the whole Progeny of Kings to the entrance of Julius Caesar we cannot so easily be discharg'd Descents of Ancestry long continu'd laws and exploits not plainly seeming to be borrow'd or devis'd which on the common beleif have wrought no small impression defended by many deny'd utterly by few For what though Brutus and the whole Trojan pretence were yeelded up seeing they who first devis'd to bring us from som noble Ancestor were content at first with Brutus the Consul till better invention although not willing to forgoe the name taught them to remove it higher into a more fabulous Age by the same remove lighting on the Trojan Tales in affectation to make the Britan of one Original with the Roman pitch'd there yet those old and inborn names of successive Kings never any to have bin real persons or don in thir lives at least som part of what so long hath bin remember'd cannot be thought without too strict an incredulity For these and those causes above mention'd that which hath receav'd approbation from so many I have chos'n not to omitt Certain or uncertain be that upon the credit of those whom I must follow so far as keeps alooff from impossible and absurd attested by ancient Writers from Books more ancient I refuse not as the due and proper subject of Story The principal Author is well know'n to be Geoffrey of Monmouth what he was and whence his authority who in his age or before him have deliver'd the same matter and such like general discourses will better stand in a Treatise by themselvs All of them agree in this that Brutus was the Son of Silvius he of Ascanius whose Father was Aeneas a Trojan Prince who at the burning of that City with his Son Ascanius and a collected number that escap'd after long wandring on the Sea arriv'd in Italy Where at length by the assistance of Latinus King of Latium who had giv'n him his Daughter Lavinia he obtain'd to succeed in that Kingdom and left it to Ascanius whose Son Silvius though Roman Histories deny Silvius to be Son of Ascanius had maried secretly a Neece of Lavinia She being with Child the matter became known to Ascanius Who commanding his Magicians to enquire by Art what sex the Maid had conceiv'd had answer that it was one who should be the death of both his Parents and banish'd for the fact should after all in a farr Country attain to highest honour The prediction fail'd not for intravel the Mother di'd And Brutus the Child was so call'd at fifteen years of Age attending his Father to the Chace with an arrow unfortunately kill'd him Banish'd therefore by his kindred he retires into Greece Where meeting with the race of Helenus King Priams Son held there in servile condition by Pandrasus then King with them he abides For Pirrhus in revenge of his Father slain at Troy had brought thither with him Helenus and many others into servitude There Brutus among his own stock so thrives in vertue and in Arms as renders him belov'd to Kings and great Captains above all the Youth of that Land Wherby the Trojans not only beginn to hope but secretly to move him that he would lead them the way to liberty They allege their numbers and the promis'd help of Assaracus a Noble Greekish Youth by the Mothers side a Trojan whom for that cause his Brother went about to dispossess of certain Castles bequeath'd him by his Father Brutus considering both the Forces offer'd him and the strength of those Holds not unwillingly consents First therfore having fortifi'd those Castles he with Assaracus and the whole multitude betake them to the Woods and Hills as the safest place from whence to expostulate and in the name of all sends to Pandrasus this Message That the Trojans holding it unworthy thir Ancestors to serv in a Foren Kingdom had retreated to the Woods choosing rather a Savage life then a slavish If that displeas'd him that then with his leave they might depart to some other soil As this may pass with good allowance that the Trojans might be many in these parts for Helenus was by Pirrhus made King of the Chaouians and the Sons of Pirrhus by Andromache Hectors Wise could not but be powerful through all Epirus so much the more it may be doubted how these Trojans could be thus in bondage where they had Freinds and Country-men so Potent But to examin these things with diligence were but to confute the Fables of Britan with the Fables of Greece or Italy for of this Age what we have to say as well concerning most other Countries as this Iland is equally under Question Bee 't how it will Pandrasus not expecting so bold a message from the Sons of Captives gathers an Army And marching toward the Woods Brutus who had notice of his approach nigh to a Town call'd Sparatinum I know not what Towne but certaine of no Greek name over night planting himself there with good part of his men suddenly sets upon him and with slaughter of the Greeks pursues him to the passage of a River which mine Author names Akalon meaning perhaps Achelous or Acheron where at the Ford he overlaies them afresh This victory obtain'd and a sufficient strength left in Sparatinum Brutus with Antigonus the Kings Brother and his Freind Anacletus whom he had tak'n in the fight returns to the residue of his freinds in the thick Woods While Pandrasus with all speed recollecting beseiges the Town Brutus to releive his men beseig'd who earnestly call'd him distrusting the sufficiency of his force bethinks himself of this Policy Calls to him Anacletus and threatning instant death else both to him and his freind Antigonus enjoyns him that he should goe at the second howr of night to the Greekish Leagre and tell the Guards he had brought Antigonus by stealth out of Prison to a certain woody Vale unable through the waight of
to recite a grand Fable though dignify'd by our best Poets while Brutus on a certain Festival day solemnly kept on that shoar where he first landed was with the people in great jollity and mirth a crew of these Savages breaking in upon them began on the suddain another sort of Game then at such a meeting was expected But at length by many hands overcome Goëmagog the hugest in higth twelv Cubits is reserv'd alive that with him Corineus who desir'd nothing more might try his strength Whom in a Wrestle the Giant catching aloft with a terrible hugg broke three of his Ribs nevertheless Corineus enrag'd heaving him up by main force and on his Shoulders bearing him to the next high Rock threw him headlong all shatter'd into the Sea and left his name on the Cliff call'd ever since Langoëmagog which is to say the Giants leap After this Brutus in a chosen place builds Troia nova chang'd in time to Trinovantum now London and began to enact Laws Heli beeing then high Preist in Judaea and having govern'd the whole Ile 24 Years dy'd and was buried in his new Troy His three Sons Locrine Albanact and Camber divide the Land by consent Locrine had the middle part Loëgria Camber possess'd Cambria or Wales Albanact Albania now Scotland But he in the end by Humber King of the Hunns who with a Fleet invaded that Land was slain in fight and his people driv'n back into Loëgria Locrine and his Brother goe out against Humber who now marching onward was by them defeated and in a River drown'd which to this day retains his name Among the spoils of his Camp and Navy were found certain young Maids and Estrildis above the rest passing fair the Daughter of a King in Germany from whence Humber as he went wasting the Sea-Coast had led her Captive whom Locrine though before contracted to the Daughter of Corineus resolvs to marry But beeing forc'd and threatn'd by Corineus whose Autority and power he fear'd Guendolen the Daughter he yeelds to marry but in secret loves the other and oft-times retiring as to som privat Sacrifice through Vaults and passages made under ground and seven years thus enjoying her had by her a Daughter equally fair whose name was Sabra But when once his fear was off by the Death of Corineus not content with secret enjoyment divorcing Guendolen he makes Estrildis now his Queen Guendolen all in rage departs into Cornwall where Madan the Son she had by Locrine was hitherto brought up by Corineus his Grandfather And gathering an Army of her Fathers Friends and Subjects gives Battail to her Husband by the River Sture wherein Locrine shot with an Arrow ends his life But not so ends the fury of Guendolen for Estrildis and her Daughter Sabra she throws into a River and to leave a Monument of revenge proclaims that the stream be thenceforth call'd after the Damsels name which by length of time is chang'd now to Sabrina or Severn Fifteen Years she governs in behalf of her Son then resigning to him at Age retires to her Fathers Dominion This saith my Author was in the daies of Samuel Madan hath the praise to have well and peacefully rul'd the space of 40 years leaving behind him two Sons Memprioius and Malim Mempricius had first to doe with the ambition of his Brother aspiring to share with him in the Kingdom whom therfore at a meeting to compose matters with a treachery which his cause needed not he slew Nor was he better in the sole possession wherof so ill he could endure a Partner killing his Nobles and those especially next to succeed him till lastly giv'n over to unnaturall lust in the twentith of his Reigne hunting in a Forest he was devowr'd by Wolves His Son Ebranc a man of mighty strength and stature Reign'd 40 Years He first after Brutus wasted Gaul and returning rich and prosperous builded Caerebranc now York in Albania Alclud Mount Agned or the Castle of Maydens now Edinburgh He had 20 Sons and 30 Daughters by 20 Wives His Daughters he sent to Silvius Alba into Italy who bestow'd them on his Peers of the Trojan Line His Sons under the leading of Assaracus thir Brother won them Lands and Signories in Germany thence call'd from these Brethren Germania a derivation too hastily suppos'd perhaps before the word Germannus or the Latin Tongue was in use Som who have describ'd Henault as Jacobus â—ergomas and Lessabeus are cited to affirm that Ebrâ—◠〈◊〉 his Warre there was by Brunchildis Lord of 〈◊〉 put to the worse Brutus therfore surnamed Greenshield succeeding to repair his Fathers losses as the sam Lessabeus reports fought a second Battail in Henault with Brunchild at the mouth of Scaldis and Encamp'd on the River Hania Of which our Spencer also thus Sings Let Scaldis tell and let tell Hania And let the Marsh of Esthambruges tell What colour were thir Waters that same day And all the Moar twixt Elversham and Dell With blood of Henalois which therin fell How oft that day did sad Brunchildis see The Greenshield dy'd in dolorous Vermeil c. But Henault and Brunchild and Greenesheild seeme newer names then for a Story pretended thus Antient. Him succeeded Leil a maintainer of Peace and Equity but slackn'd in his latter end whence arose som civil discord He built in the North Cairleil and in the daies of Solomon Rudhuddibras or Hudibras appeasing the commotions which his Father could not fownded Caerkeynt or Canturbury Caerguent or Winchester and Mount Paladur now Septonia or Shaftsbury but this by others is contradicted Bladud his Son built Caerbadus or Bathe and those medcinable Waters he dedicated to Minerva in whose Temple there he kept fire continually burning He was a man of great invention and taught Necromancie till having made him Wings to fly he fell down upon the Temple of Apollo in Trinovant and so dy'd after twenty years Reigne Hitherto from Father to Son the direct Line hath run on but Leir who next Reign'd had only three Daughters and no Male Issue govern'd laudably and built Caer-Leir now Leicestre on the Bank of Sora. But at last failing through Age he determines to bestow his Daughters and so among them to divide his Kingdom Yet first to try which of them lov'd him best a Trial that might have made him had he known as wisely how to try as he seem'd to know how much the trying behoov'd him he resolves a simple resolution to ask them solemly in order and which of them should profess largest her to beleev Gonorill th' Eldest apprehending too well her Fathers weakness makes answer invoking Heav'n That she lov'd him above her Soul Therfore quoth the old man overjoy'd since thou so honourst my declin'd Age to thee and the Husband whom thou shalt choose I give the third part of my Realm So fair a speeding for a few words soon utter'd was to Regan the second ample instruction what to say She on the same demand spares no protesting
Summer now behind commands him only Hostages and what yearly Tribute the Iland should pay to Rome forbidds him to molest the Trinobants or Mandubratius and with his Hostages and great number of Captives he puts to Sea haveing at twise embark't his whole Armie At his return to Rome as from a glorious enterprise he offers to Venus the Patroness of his Family a Corslet of British Pearles Howbeit other antient writers have spok'n more doubtfully of Caesars Victories heer and that in plaine termes he fled from hence for which the common verse in Lucan with divers passages heer and there in Tacitus is alleg'd Paulus Orofius who took what he wrote from a Historie of Suetonius now lost writes that Caesar in his first journey entertain'd with a sharp fight lost no small number of his Foot and by tempest nigh all his Horse Dion affirms that once in the second expedition all his Foot were routed Orosius that another time all his Horse The British Author whom I use only then when others are all silent hath many trivial discourses of Caesars beeing heer which are best omitted Nor have wee more of Cassibelan then what the same storie tells how he warr'd soon after with Androgeus about his Nefew slain by Evelinus Nefew to the other which business at length compos'd Cassibelan dies and was buried in Yorke if the Monmouth Booke Fable not But at Caesars coming hither such likeliest were the Britans as the Writers of those times and thir own actions represent them in courage and warlike readiness to take advantage by ambush or sudden onset not inferiour to the Romans nor Cassibelan to Caesar in Weapons Armes and the skill of Encamping Embattailing Fortifying overmatch't thir Weapons were a short Speare and light Target a Sword also by thir side thir fight sometimes in Chariots phang'd at the Axle with Iron Sithes thir bodies most part naked only painted with woad in sundrie figures to seeme terrible as they thought but poursu'd by Enemies not nice of thir painting to run into Bogs worse then wild Irish up to the Neck and there to stay many daies holding a certain morsel in thir mouths no bigger then a bean to suffice hunger but that receit and the temperance it taught is long since unknown among us thir Towns and strong holds were spaces of ground fenc't about with a Ditch and great Trees fell'd overthwart each other thir buildings within were thatch't Houses for themselves and thir Cattell in peace the Upland Inhabitants besides hunting tended thir flocks and heards but with little skill of Countrie affaires the makeing of Cheese they commonly knew not Woole or Flax they spun not gard'ning and planting many of them knew not clothing they had none but what the skins of Beasts afforded them and that not alwaies yet gallantrie they had painting thir own skins with severall Portratures of Beast Bird or Flower a Vanitie which hath not yet left us remov'd only from the skin to the skirt behung now with as many colour'd Ribands and gewgawes towards the Sea side they till'd the ground and liv'd much after the manner of Caules thir Neighbours or first Planters thir money was brazen pieces or Iron Rings thir best Merchandise Tin the rest trifles of Glass Ivorie and such like yet Gemms and Pearles they had saith Mela in some Rivers thir Ships of light timber wickerd with Oysier betweene and coverd over with Leather serv'd not therefore to tranceport them farr and thir commodities were fetch 't away by Foren Merchants thir dealing saith Diodorus plaine and simple without fraude thir civil Government under many Princes and States not confederate or consulting in common but mistrustfull and oft-times warring one with the other which gave them up one by one an easie Conquest to the Romans thir Religion was governd by a sort of Priests or Magicians call'd Druides from the Greek name of an Oke which Tree they had in greate reverence and the Missleto especially growing theron Plinie writes them skill'd in Magic no less then those of Persia by thir abstaining from a Hen a Hare and a Goose from Fish also saith Dion and thir opinion of the Soules passing after Death into other Bodies they may be thought to have studied Pythagoras yet Philosophers I cannot call them reported men factious and ambitious contending somtimes about the archpriesthood not without civil Warr and slaughter nor restrein'd they the people under them from a lew'd adulterous and incestuous life ten or twelve men absurdly against nature possessing one woman as thir common Wife though of neerest Kin Mother Daughter or Sister Progenitors not to be glori'd in But the Gospel not long after preach't heer abolish'd such impurities and of the Romans we have cause not to say much worse then that they beate us into some civilitie likely else to have continu'd longer in a barbarous and savage manner of life After Julius for Julius before his Death tyrannously had made himself Emperor of the Roman Common-wealth and was slaine in the Senate for so doeing he who next obtain'd the Empire Octavianus Caesar Augustus either contemning the Iland as Strabo would have us think whose neither benefit was worth the having nor enmitie worth the fearing or out of a wholsome state maxim as some say to moderate and bound the Empire from growing vast and unweildie made no attempt against the Britans But the truer cause was partly civil Warr among the Romans partly other affairs more Year before the Birth of Christ 32 urging For about 20 Years after all which time the Britans had liv'd at thir own dispose Augustus in imitation of his Uncle Julius either intending or seeming to intend an expedition hither was com into Gallia when the news of a revolt in Pannonia diverted him about 7 year after in the same resolution what with the unsettl'dness of Gallia and what with Embassadors from Britain which met him there he proceeded not The next year difference arrising about Covnants he was again prevented by other new commotions in Spaine Nevertheless som of the British Potentates omitted not to seek his friendship by guifts offerd in the Capitol and other obsequious addresses Insomuch that the whole Iland became eev'n in those daies well known to the Romans too well perhaps for them who from the knowledge of us were so like to prove Enemies But as for Tribute the Britans paid none to Augustus except what easie customes were levied on the slight commodities wherewith they traded into Gallia After Cassibelan Tenantius the younger Son of Lud according to the Monmouth Storie was made King For Androgeus the Elder conceaving himself generally hated for sideing with the Romans forsook his claime heer and follow'd Caesars Fortune This King is recorded Just and Warlike His Son Kymbeline or Cunobeline succeeding was brought up as is said in the Court of Augustus and with
hearing themselves entreated by the Britans to that which gladly they would have wish't to obtain of them by entreating to the British Embassy return this answer Be assur'd henceforth of the Saxons as of faithful friends to the Britans no less ready to stand by them in thir need than in thir best of fortune The Embassadors return joyful and with news as welcome to thir Countrie whose sinister fate had now blinded them for destruction The Saxons consulting first thir Gods for they had answer that the Land whereto they went they should hold 300 years half that time conquering and half quietly possessing furnish out three long Gallies or Kyules with a chos'n company of warlike youth under the conduct of two Brothers Hengist and Horsa descended in the fourth degree from Woden of whom deify'd for the fame of his acts most Kings of those Nations derive thir pedigree These and either mixt with these or soon after by themselves two other Tribes or neighbouring people Jutes and Angles the one from Jutland the other from Anglen by the City of Sleswich both Provinces of Denmark An. Dom. 450 arrive in the first year of Martian the Greek Emperor from the birth of Christ 450 receav'd with much good will of the people first then of the King who after some assurances giv'n and tak'n bestows on them the I le of Tanet where they first landed hoping they might be made heerby more eager against the Picts when they fought as for thir own Countrie and more loyal to the Britans from whom they had receav'd a place to dwell in which before they wanted The British Nennius writes that these Brethren were driv'n into exile out of Germany and to Vortigern who reigned in much fear one while of the Picts then of the Romans and Ambrosius came opportunely into the Hav'n For it was the custom in old Saxony when thir numerous off-spring overflow'd the narrowness of thir bounds to send them out by lot into new dwellings wherever they found room either vacant or to be forc't But whether sought or unsought they dwelt not heer long without employment For the Scots and Picts were now come down som say as far as Stamsord in Lincoln-shire whom perhaps not imagining to meet new opposition the Saxons though not till after a sharp encounter put to flight and that more than once slaying in fight as some Scotch Writers affirm thir King Eugenius the Son of Fergus Hengist percaeving the Iland to be rich and fruitful but her Princes and other inhabitants giv'n to vicious ease sends word home inviting others to a share of his good success Who returning with 17 Ships were grown up now to a sufficient Army and entertain'd without suspicion on these terms that they should bear the brunt of War against the Picts receaving stipend and some place to inhabit With these was brought over the Daughter of Hengist a Virgin wondrous fair as is reported Rowen the British call her she by commandment of her Father who had invited the King to a Banquet coming in presence with a Bowle of Wine to welcome him and to attend on his Cup till the Feast ended won so much upon his fancy though already wiv'd as to demand her in mariage upon any conditions Hengist at first though it fell out perhaps according to his drift held off excusiing his meanness then obscurely intimating a desire and almost a necessity by reason of his augmented numbers to have his narrow bounds of Tanet enlarg'd to the Circuit of Kent had it streit by donation though Guorangonus till then was King of that place and so as it were overcome by the great munificence of Vortiger gave his Daughter And still encroaching on the Kings favour got furder leave to call over Octa and Ebissa his own and his Brothers Son pretending that they if the North were giv'n them would sit there as a continual defence against the Scots while himself guarded the East They therfore sayling with forty Ships eev'n to the Orcades and every way curbing the Scots and Picts possess'd that part of the Ile which is now Northumberland Notwithstanding this they complain that thir monthly pay was grown much into arrear which when the Britans found means to satisfie though alleging withall that they to whom promise was made of wages were nothing so many in number quieted with this a while but still seeking occasion to fall off they find fault next that thir pay is too small for the danger they undergo threatning op'n Warr unless it be augmented Guortimer the Kings Son perceaving his Father and the Kingdom thus betray'd from that time bends his utmost endeavour to drive them out They on the other side making League with the Picts and Scots and issuing out of Kent wasted without resistance almost the whole Land eev'n to the Western Sea with such a horrid devastation that Towns and Colonies overturn'd Preists and people slain Temples and Palaces what with fire and Sword lay alltogether heap'd in one mixt ruin Of all which multitude so great was the sinfullness that brought this upon them Gildas adds that few or none were likely to be other then lew'd and wicked persons The residue of these part overtak'n in the Mountains were slain others subdu'd with hunger preferr'd slavery before instant death som getting to Rocks Hills and Woods inaccessible preferr'd the fear and danger of any Death before the shame of a secure slavery many fled over Sea into other Countries some into Holland where yet remain the ruins of Brittenburgh an old Castle on the Sea to be seen at low water not far from Leiden either built as Writers of thir own affirm or seis'd on by those Britans in thir escape from Hengist Others into Armorica peopl'd as som think with Britans long before either by guift of Constantine the Great or else of Maximus to those British Forces which had serv'd them in Forein Wars to whom those also that miscarried not with the latter Constantine at Arles and lastly these exiles driv'n out by Saxons fled for refuge But the antient Chronicles of those Provinces attest thir coming thether to be then first when they fled the Saxons and indeed the name of Britain in France is not read till after that time Yet how a sort of fugitives who had quitted without stroke thir own Country should so soon win another appears not unless joyn'd to som party of thir own settl'd there before Vortiger nothing better'd by these calamities grew at last so obdurat as to commit incest with his daughter tempted or tempting him out of an ambition to the Crown For which beeing censur'd and condemn'd in a great Synod of Clercs and Laics and partly for fear of the Saxons according to the Counsel of his Peers he retir'd into Wales and built him there a strong Castle in Radnorshire by the advice of Ambrosius a young prophet whom others call
Merlin Nevertheless Faustus who was the Son thus incestuously begott'n under the instructions of German or some of his Disciples for German was dead before prov'd a religious man and liv'd in devotion by the River Remnis in Clamorganshire But the Saxons though finding it so easy to subdue the Ile with most of thir Forces uncertain for what cause return'd home when as the easiness of thir Conquest might seem rather likely to have call'd in more Which makes more probable that which the British write of Guortemir For he coming to Reigne instead of his Father depos'd for incest is said to have thrice driv'n and beseig'd the Saxons in the I le of Taneth and when they issu'd out with powerful supplies sent from Saxony to have fought with them fowr other Battells wherof three are nam'd the first on the River Darwent the second at Episford wherin Horsa the Brother of Hengist fell and on the British part Catigern the other Son of Vortiger The third in a Feild by Stonar then call'd Lapis tituli in Tanct where he beat them into thir Ships that bore them home glad to have so scap'd and not venturing to land again for 5 years after In the space wherof Guortemir dying commanded they should bury him in the Port of Stonar perswaded that his bones lying there would be terror enough to keep the Saxons from ever landing in that place they saith Ninnius neglecting his command buried him in Lincoln But concerning these times antientest annals of the Saxons relate in this manner An. Dom. 455 In the year 455. Hengist and Horsa fought against Vortigern in a place called Eglesthrip now Ailsford in Kent where Horsa lost his life of whom Horsted the place of his burial took name After this first Battel and the Death of his Brother Hengist with his Son Esca took on him Kingly Title and peopl'd Kent with Jutes who also then or not long after possess'd the I le of Wight and part of Hamshire lying opposite An. Dom. 457 Two years after in a fight at Creganford or Craford Hengist and his Son slew of the Britans four Cheif Commanders and as many thousand men the rest in great disorder flying to London with the total loss of Kent An. Dom. 465 And 8 years passing between he made new Warr on the Britans of whom in a Battel at Wippeds-fleot 12 Princes were slain and Wipped the Saxon Earl who left his name to that place though not sufficient to direct us where it now stands An. Dom. 473 His last encounter was at a place not mention'd where he gave them such an overthrow that flying in great fear they left the spoil of all to thir Enemies And these perhaps are the 4 Battells according to Nennius fought by Guortemir though by these Writers far differently related and happ'ning besides many other bickerings in the space of 20 years as Malmsbury reck'ns Nevertheless it plainly appears that the Saxons by whomsoever were put to hard shifts being all this while fought withall in Kent thir own allotted dwelling and somtimes on the very edge of the Sea which the word Wippeds-fleot seems to intimat But Guortemir now dead and none of courage left to defend the Land Vortigern either by the power of his faction or by consent of all reassumes the Government and Hengist thus rid of his grand opposer hearing gladly the restorement of his old favourer returns again with great Forces but to Vortigern whom he well knew how to handle without warring as to his Son in Law now that the only Author of dissention between them was remov'd by Death offers nothing but all terms of new league and amity The King both for his Wives sake and his own sottishness consulting also with his Peers not unlike himself readily yeilds and the place of parly is agree'd on to which either side was to repair without Weapons Hengist whose meaning was not peace but treachery appointed his men to be secretly arm'd and acquainted them to what intent The watch-word was Nemet eour Saxes that is Draw your Daggers which they observing when the Britans were throughly heated with Wine for the Treaty it seems was not without Cups and provok'd as was plotted by som affront dispatch'd with those Poniards every one his next man to the number of 300. the cheif of those that could do ought against him either in Counsel or in Field Vortigern they only bound and kept in Custody untill he granted them for his ransome three Provinces which were called afterward Essex Sussex and Middlesex Who thus dismist retiring again to his solitary abode in the Country of Guorthigirniaun so call'd by his name from thence to the Castle of his own building in North-Wales by the River Tiebi and living there obscurely among his Wives was at length burnt in his Towre by fire from Heav'n at the Praier as some say of German but that coheres not as others by Ambrosius Aurelian of whom as we have heard at first he stood in great fear and partly for that cause invited in the Saxons Who whether by constraint or of thir own accord after much mischeif don most of them returning back into thir own Country left a fair opportunity to the Britans of avenging themselves the easier on those that staid behinde Repenting therefore and with earnest supplication imploring divine help to prevent thir final rooting out they gather from all parts and under the leading of Ambrosius Aurelianus a vertuous and modest man the last heer of Roman stock advancing now onward against the late Victors defeat them in a memorable Battell Common opinion but grounded cheifly on the British Fables makes this Ambrosius to be a younger Son of that Constantine whose eldest as we heard was Constance the Monk who both lost thir lives abroad usurping the Empire But the express words both of Gildas and Bede assures us that the Parents of this Ambrosius having heer born regal dignity were slain in these Pictish Wars and commotions in the Iland And if the fear of Ambrose induc'd Vortigern to call in the Saxons it seems Vortigern usurp'd his right I perceave not that Nennius makes any difference between him and Merlin for that Child without Father that propheci'd to Vortigern he names not Merlin but Ambrose makes him the Son of a Roman Consul but conceal'd by his mother as fearing that the King therfore sought his life yet the youth no sooner had confess'd his parentage but Vortigern either in reward of his predictions or as his right bestow'd upon him all the West of Britain himself retiring to a solitary life Whose ever Son he was he was the first according to surest Authors that led against the Saxons and overthrew them but whether before this time or after none have writt'n This is certain that in a time when most of the Saxon Forces were departed home the Britans gather'd strength and either against those who were left remaining
thou expect from these poor Laity so he goes on these beasts all belly shall these amend thee who are themselves laborious in evil doings shalt thou see with their Eyes who see right forward nothing but gain Leave them rather as bids our Saviour lest ye fall both blind-fold into the same perdition Are all thus Perhaps not all or not so grosly But what avail'd it Eli to be himself blameless while he conniv'd at others that were abominable who of them hath bin envi'd for his better life who of them hath hated to consort with these or withstood thir entring the Ministry or endeavour'd zealously thir casting out Yet som of these perhaps by others are legended for great Saints This was the state of Goverment this of Religion among the Britans in that long calm of peace which the fight at Badon Hill had brought forth Wherby it came to pass that so fair a Victory came to nothing Towns and Citties were not reinhabited but lay ruin'd and wast nor was it long ere domestic War breaking out wasted them more For Britain as at other times had then also several Kings Five of whom Gildas living then in Armorica at a safe distance boldly reproves by name First Constantine fabl'd the Son of Cador Duke of Cornwall Arturs half Brother by the Mothers side who then reign'd in Cornwall and Devon a Tyrannical and bloody King polluted also with many Adulteries he got into his power two young Princes of the Blood Royal uncertain whether before him in right or otherwise suspected and after solemn Oath giv'n of thir safety the year that Gildas wrote slew them with thir two Governours in the Church and in thir Mothers Arms through the Abbots Coap which he had thrown over them thinking by the revernce of his vesture to have withheld the murderer These are commonly suppos'd to be the Sons of Mordred Arturs Nefew said to have revolted from his Uncle giv'n him in a Battel his Deaths wound and by him after to have bin slain Which things were they true would much diminish the blame of cruelty in Constantine revenging Artur on the Sons of so false a Mordred In another part but not express'd where Aurelius Conanus was King him he charges also with Adulteries and Parricide cruelties worse then the former to be a hater of his Countries Peace thirsting after civil War and Prey His condition it seems was not very prosperous for Gildas wishes him being now left alone like a Tree withering in the midst of a barren field to remember the vanity and arrogance of his Father and elder Brethren who came all to untimely Death in thir youth The third reigning in Demetia or South Wales was Vortipor the Son of a good Father he was when Gildas wrote grown old not in years only but in Adulteries and in governing full of falshood and cruel Actions In his latter dales putting away his Wife who dy'd in divorce he became if we mistake not Gildas incestuous with his Daughter The fourth was Cuneglas imbru'd in civil War he also had divorc'd his Wife and tak'n her Sister who had vow'd Widdowhood he was a great Enemy to the Clergy high-minded and trusting to his wealth The last but greatest of all in power was Maglocune and greatest also in wickedness he had driv'n out or slain many other Kings or Tyrants and was called the Island Dragon perhaps having his seat in Anglesey a profuse giver a great Warrior and of a goodly stature While he was yet young he over-threw his Uncle though in the head of a compleat Army and took from him the Kingdom then touch't with remorse of his doings not without deliberation took upon him the profession of a Monk but soon forsook his vow and his wife also which for that vow he had left making love to the wife of his Brothers Son then living Who not refusing the offer if she were not rather the first that entic'd found means both to dispatch her own Husband and the former wife of Maglocune to make her marriage with him the more unquestionable Neither did he this for want of better instructions having had the learnedest and wisest man reputed of all Britain the instituter of his youth Thus much the utmost that can be learnt by truer story of what past among the Britans from the time of their useless Victory at Badon to the time that Gildas wrote that is to say as may be guess't from 527 to 571 is here set down altogether not to be reduc't under any certainty of years But now the Saxons who for the most part all this while had bin still unless among themselves began afresh to assault them and ere long to drive them out of all which they yet maintain'd on this side Wales An. Dom. 571 For Cuthulf the Brother of Reaulin by a Victory obtain'd at Bedanford now Bedford took from them 4 good Towns Liganburgh Eglesburh Besington now Benson in Oxfordshire and Ignesham but outliv'd not many months his good success And after 6 years more Keaulin and Cuthwin his Son An. Dom. 577 gave them a great overthrow at Deorrham in Glostershire slew three of thir Kings Comail Condidan and Farinmaile and took three of thir Cheif Citties Glocester Cirencester and Badencester An. Dom. 584 The Britans notwithstanding after some space of time judging to have out-grown thir losses gather to a head and encounter Keaulin with Cutha his Son at Fethanleage whom valiantly fighting they slew among the thickest and as is said forc'd the Saxons to retire But Keaulin reinforcing the fight put them to a main rout and following his advantage took many Towns and return'd lad'n with rich booty The last of those Saxons who rais'd thir own acheivments to a Monarchy was Crida much about this time first founder of the Mercian Kingdom drawing also his Pedigree from Woden Of whom all to write the several Genealogies though it might be done without long search were in my opinion to encumber the story with a sort of barbarous names to little purpose This may suffice that of Wodens 3 Sons from the Eldest issu'd Hengist and his succession from the second the Kings of Mercia from the third all that reign'd in West-Saxon and most of the Northumbers of whom Alla was one the first King of Deira which after his death the race of Ida seis'd and made it one Kingdom with Bernicia usurping on the Childhood of Edwin Alla's Son Whom Ethelric the Son of Ida expel'd An. Dom. 559 Notwithstanding others write of him that from a poor life and beyond hope in his old Age coming to the Crown he could hardly by the access of a Kingdom have overcome his former obscurity had not the fame of his Son preserv'd him An. Dom. 588 Once more the Britans ere they quitted all on this side the Mountains forgot not to shew some manhood for meeting Keaulin at Wodens Beorth An. Dom. 592 that is to say Wodens
impar'd they as readily hearkning to his request send Aidan a Scotch Monk and Bishop but of singular zeal and meekness with others to assist him whom at thir own desire he seated in Lindisfarne as the Episcopal Seat now Holy Iland and being the Son of Ethelfrid by the Sister of Edwin as right Heir others failing easily reduc'd both Kingdoms of Northumberland as before into one nor of Edwins Dominion lost any part but enlarg'd it rather over all the fowr British Nations Angles Britans Picts and Scots exerciseing regall Authority Of his Devotion Humility and Almes-deeds much is spok'n that he disdain'd not to be the interpreter of Aidan preaching in Scotch or bad English to his Nobles and Houshold Servants and had the poor continually serv'd at his Gate after the promiscuous manner of those times his meaning might be upright but the manner more antient of privat or of Church contribution is doubtless more Evangelical About this time the West-Saxons An. Dom. 635 antiently call'd Gevissi by the preaching of Berinus a Bishop whom Pope Honorius had sent were converted to the Faith with Kinegils thir King him Oswald receav'd out of the Font An. Dom. 636 and his Daughter in mariage The next year Cuichelm was baptiz'd in Dorchester but liv'd not to the years end The East-Angles also this year were reclaim'd to the Faith of Christ which for som years past they had thrown off But Sigbert the Brother of Eorpwald now succeeded in that Kingdom prais'd for a most Christian and Learned Man who while his Brother yet reign'd living in France an exile for some displeasure conceav'd against him by Redwald his Father lern'd there the Christian Faith and reigning soon after in the same instructed his people by the preaching of Felix a Burgundian Bishop An. Dom. 640 In the year 640. Eadbald deceasing left to Ercombert his Son by Emma the French Kings Daughter the Kingdom of Kent recorded the first of English Kings who commanded through his limits the destroying of Idols laudably if all Idols without exception and the first to have establisht Lent among us under strict penalty not worth remembring but only to inform us that no Lent was observ'd heer till his time by compulsion especially being noted by some to have fraudulently usurp'd upon his Elder Brother Ermenred whose right was precedent to the Crown An. Dom. 642 Oswald having reign'd 8 years worthy also as might seem of longer life fell into the same fate with Edwin and from the same hand in a great Battel overcom and slain by Penda at a place call'd Maserfeild now Oswestre in Shropshire miraculous as saith Beda after his Death His Brother Oswi succeeded him reigning though in much trouble 28 years oppos'd either by Penda or his own Son Alfred or his Brothers Son Ethilwald An. Dom. 643 Next year Kinegils the West-Saxon dying left his Son Kenwalk in his stead though as yet unconverted About this time Sigebert King of East-Angles having lernt in France ere his coming to Reign the manner of thir Schools with the assistance of some Teachers out of Kent instituted a School heer after the same Discipline thought to be the University of Cambridge then first founded and at length weary of his Kingly Office betook him to a Monastical life commending the care of Government to his Kinsman Egric who had sustain'd with him part of that burden before It happen'd some years after that Penda made War on the East-Angles they expecting a sharp encounter besought Sigebert whom they esteem'd an expert Leader with his presence to confirm the Souldiery and him refuseing carried by force out of the Monastery into the Camp where acting the Monk rather then the Captain with a single wand in his hand he was slain with Egric and his whole Army put to flight Anna of the Royal Stock as next in right succeeded and hath the praise of a vertuous and most Christian Prince An. Dom. 645 But Kenwalk the West-Saxon having maried the Daughter of Penda and divorc't her was by him with more appearance of a just cause vanquisht in fight and depriv'd of his Crown whence retiring to Anna King of the East-Angles after three years abode in his Court he there became Christian An. Dom. 648 and afterwards regain'd his Kingdom Oswi in the former years of his Reign had sharer with him Oswin Nephew of Edwin who rul'd in Deira 7 years commended much for his zeal in Religion and for comliness of person with other princely qualities belov'd of all Notwithstanding which dissentions growing between them it came to Armes Oswin seeing himself much exceeded in numbers thought it more prudence dismissing his Army to reserve himself for some better occasion But committing his person with one faithfull attendant to the Loyalty of Hunwald an Earl his imagin'd friend he was by him treacherously discoverd and by command of Oswi slain An. Dom. 651 After whom within 12 days and for greif of him whose death he foretold dy'd Bishop Aidan famous for his Charity meekness and labour in the Gospel The fact of Oswi was detestable to all which therfore to expiate a Monastery was built in the place where it was don and Prayers there daily offerd up for the Souls of both Kings the slain and the slayer Kenwalk by this time reinstall'd in his Kingdom kept it long but with various Fortune for Beda relates him oft-times afflicted by his Enemies with great losses An. Dom. 652 and in 652. by the Annals fought a Battel Civil War Ethelwerd calls it at Bradanford by the River Afene against whom and for what cause or who had the Victory they write not Camden names the place Bradford in Wiltshire by the River Avon and Cuthred his neer Kinsman against whom he fought but cites no Autority certain it is that Kenwalk fowr years before had giv'n large possessions to his Nephew Cuthred the more unlikely therefore now to have rebell'd An. Dom. 653 The next year Peada whom his Father Penda though a Heathen had for his Princely Vertues made Prince of Middle-Angles belonging to the Mercians was with that people converted to the Faith For coming to Oswi with request to have in mariage Alfâ—eda his Daughter he was deni'd her but on condition that he with all his people should receave Christianity Heering therefore not unwillingly what was preach't to him of Resurrection and Eternal life much persuaded also by Alfrid the Kings Son who had his Sister Kyniburg to Wife he easily assented for the truths sake only as he profess'd whether he obtain'd the Virgin or no and was baptiz'd with all his followers Returning he took with him fowr Presbyters to teach the people of his Province who by thir daily preaching won many Neither did Penda though himself no Beleever prohibit any in his Kingdome to heer to beleeve the Gospel but rather hated and despis'd those who professing to beleeve atested not thir Faith by good works condemning them for
miserable and justly to be despis'd who obey not that God in whom they choose to beleeve How well might Penda this Heathen rise up in judgment against many pretending Christians both of his own and these daies yet being a man bred up to War as no less were others then reigning and oft-times one against another though both Christians he warr'd on Anna An. Dom. 654 King of the East-Angles perhaps without cause for Anna was esteem'd a just man and at length slew him About this time the East-Saxons who as above hath bin said had expell'd thir Bishop Mellitus and renounc'd the Faith were by the means of Oswi thus reconverted Sigebert surnam'd the small being the Son of Seward without other memory of his Reign left his Son King of that Province after him Sigebert the Second who coming oft'n to visit Oswi his great friend was by him at several times fervently disuaded from Idolatry and convinc't at length to forsake it was there baptiz'd on his return home taking with him Kedda a laborious Preacher afterwards made Bishop by whose teaching with some help of others the people were again recoverd from misbeleef But Sigebert some years after though standing fast in Religion was by the Conspiracy of two Brethren in place neer about him wickedly murder'd who being ask'd what mov'd them to do a deed so hainous gave no other then this barbarous answer that they were angry with him for being so gentle to his Enemies as to forgive them thir injuries whenever they besought him Yet his Death seems to have happ'nd not without some cause by him giv'n of Divine displeasure For one of those Earls who slew him living in unlawfull wedlock and therfore excommunicated so severely by the Bishop that no man might presume to enter into his House much less to sit at meat with him the King not regarding this Church censure went to feast with him at his invitation Whom the Bishop meeting in his return though penitent for what he had don and faln at his feet touch'd with the rod in his hand and angerly thus foretold because thou hast neglected to abstain from the House of that Excommunicate in that House thou shalt die and so it fell out perhaps from that prediction God bearing witness to his Minister in the power of Church Discipline spiritually executed not juridically on the contemner therof An. Dom. 655 This year 655. prov'd fortunate to Oswi and fatal to Penda for Oswi by the continual inrodes of Penda having long endur'd much devastation to the endangering once by assault and fire Bebbanburg his strongest City now Bamborrow Castle unable to resist him with many rich presents offerd to buy his Peace Which not accepted by the Pagan who intended nothing but destruction to that King though more then once in affinity with him turning guifts into vows he implores Divine Assistance devoting if he were deliverd from his Enemy a Child of one year old his Daughter to be a Nun and 12 portions of land wheron to build Monasteries His vows as may be thought found better success then his profferd guifts for heerupon with his Son Alfrid gathering a small power he encounterd and discomfited the Mercians 30 times exceeding his in number and led on by expert Captains at a place call'd Loyden now Leeds in Yorkeshire Besides this Ethelwald the Son of Oswald who rul'd in Deira took part with the Mercians but in the fight withdrew his Forces and in a safe place expected the event with which unseasonable retreat the Mercians perhaps terrifi'd and misdoubting more danger fled thir Commanders with Penda himself most being slain among whom Edilhere the Brother of Anna who rul'd after him the East-Angles and was the Author of this War many more flying were drown'd in the River which Beda calls Winwed then swoln above her Banks The Death of Penda who had bin the Death of so many good Kings made generall rejoicing as the Song witness'd At the River Winwed Anna was aveng'd To Edelhere succeeded Ethelwald his Brother in the East-Angles to Sigebert in the East-Saxons Suidhelm the Son of Sexbald saith Bede the Brother of Sigebert saith Malmsbury he was baptiz'd by Kedda then residing in the East-Angles and by Ethelwald the King receav'd out of the Font. But Oswi in the strength of his late Victory An. Dom. 658 within three years after subdu'd all Mercia and of the Pictish Nation greatest part at which time he gave to Peada his Son in Law the Kingdome of South-Mercia divided from the Northern by Trent An. Dom. 659 But Peada the Spring following as was said by the Treason of his Wife the Daughter of Oswi married by him for a special Christian on the Feast of Faster not protected by the holy time was slain The Mercian Nobles Immin Eaba and Eadbert throwing off the Government of Oswi set up Wulser the other Son of Penda to be thir King whom till then they had kept hid and with him adherd to the Christian Faith Kenwalk the West-Saxon now settl'd at home and desirous to enlarge his Dominion prepares against the Britans joins Battel with them at Pen in Somerset-shire and over coming persues them to Pedridan Another fight he had with them before at a place call'd Witgeornesburg barely mention'd by the Monk of Malmsbury An. Dom. 661 Nor was it long ere he fell at variance with Wulser the Son of Penda his old Enemy scarce yet warm in his Throne fought with him at Possentesburg on the Easter Holy-days and as Ethelwerd saith took him Prisner but the Saxon Annals quite otherwise that Wulfer winning the field wasted the West-Saxon Country as far as Eskesdun nor staying there took and wasted the I le of Wight but causing the Inhabitants to be baptiz'd till then unbeleevers gave the Iland to Ethelwald King of South-Saxons whom he had receav'd out of the Font. An. Dom. 664 The year 664. a Synod of Scotish and English Bishops in the presence of Oswi and Alfred his Son was held at a Monastery in those parts to debate on what Day Easter should be kept a controverfie which long before had disturb'd the Greek and Latin Churches wherin the Scots not agreeing with the way of Rome nor yeilding to the disputants on that side to whom the King most enclin'd such as were Bishops heer resign'd and return'd home with thir Disciples Another clerical question was there also much controverted not so superstitious in my opinion as ridiculous about the right shaving of crowns The same year was seen an Eclips of the Sun in May followed by a sore pestilence beginning in the South but spreading to the North and over all Ireland with great mortality In which time the East-Saxons after Swithelms Decease being govern'd by Siger the Son of Sigebert the small and Sebbi of Seward though both subject to the Mercians Siger and his people unstedie of Faith supposing that this Plague was come upon them for renouncing
some Legend then any warrantable Record Mean while Ecbert having with much Prudence Justice and Clemency An. Dom. 813 a work of more then one year establisht his Kingdome and himself in the affections of his people turns his first enterprise against the Britans both them of Cornwal and those beyond Seavern subdueing both In Mercia Kenulf the 6th year after having reign'd with great praise of his religious mind and vertues both in Peace and War deceas'd An. Dom. 819 His Son Kenelm a Child of seaven years was committed to the care of his Elder Sister Quendrid who with a female ambition aspiring to the Crown hir'd one who had the charge of his nurture to murder him led into a woody place upon pretence of hunting The murder as is reported was miraculously reveal'd but to tell how by a Dove droping a writt'n note on the Altar at Rome is a long story told though out of order by Malmsbury and under the year 821. by Mat. West where I leave it to be sought by such as are more credulous then I wish my Readers Only the note was to this purpose Low in a mead of Kine under a Thorn Of head bereft li'th poor Kenelm King-born An. Dom. 820 Keolwulf the Brother of Kenulf after one years Reign was driv'n out by one Bernulf an Usurper who in his third year An. Dom. 823 uncertain whether invading or invaded was by Ecbert though with great loss on both sides overthrown and put to flight at Ellandune or Wilton yet Malmsbury accounts this Battel fought in 806 a wide difference but frequently found in thir computations Bernulf thence retireing to the East-Angles as part of his Dominion by the late seisure of Offa was by them met in the field and slain but they doubting what the Mercians might do in revenge hereof forthwith yielded themselves both King and people to the Sovrantie of Ecbert As for the Kings of East-Angles our Annals mention them not since Ethelwald him succeeded his Brothers Sons as we find in Malmsbury Aldulf a good King well acquainted with Bede and Elwold who left the Kingdome to Beorn he to Ethelred the Father of Ethelbrite whom Offa perfidiously put to Death Simeon and Hoveden in the year 749. write that Elfwald King of East-Angles dying Humbeanna and Albert shar'd the Kingdom between them but where to insert this among the former successions is not easie nor much material after Ethelbrite none is nam'd of that Kingdom till thir submitting now to Ecbert he from this Victory against Bernulf sent part of his Army under Ethelwulf his Son with Alstan Bishop of Shirburn and Wulferd a Chief Commander into Kent Who finding Baldred there reigning in his 18th year overcame and drove him over the Thames whereupon all Kent Surrey Sussex and lastly Essex with her King Swithred became subject to the Dominion of Ecbert Neither were these all his exploits of this year the first in order set down in Saxon Annals being his fight against the Devonshire Welch at a place call'd Gasulford now Camelford in Cornwal An. Dom. 825 Ludiken the Mercian after two years preparing to avenge Bernulf his Kinsman on the East-Angles was by them with his five Consuls as the Annals call them surpris'd and put to the Sword and Withlaf his successor first vanquisht then upon submission with all Mercia made tributary to Ecbert Mean while the Northumbrian Kingdom of it self was fall'n to shivers thir Kings one after another so oft'n slain by the people no man dareing though never so ambitious to take up the Scepter which many had found so hot the only effectual cure of ambition that I have read for the space of 33 years after the Death of Ethelred Son of Mollo as Malmsbury writes there was no King many Noblemen and Prelats were fled the Country Which mis-rule among them the Danes having understood oft-times from thir Ships entring far into the land infested those parts with wide depopulations wasting Towns Churches and Monasteries for they were yet Heathen The Lent before whose coming on the North-side of St. Peters Church in Yorke was seen from the roof to rain blood The causes of these calamities and the ruin of that Kingdom Alcuin a learned Monk living in those days attributes in several Epistles and well may to the general ignorance and decay of lerning which crept in among them after the Death of Beda and of Ecbert the Archbishop thir neglect of breeding up youth in the Scriptures the spruce and gay apparel of thir Preists and Nuns discovering thir vain and wanton minds examples are also read eev'n in Beda's days of thir wanton deeds thence Altars defil'd with perjuries Cloisters violated with Adulteries the Land polluted with blood of thir Princes civil dissentions among the people and finally all the same vices which Gildas alledg'd of old to have ruin'd the Britans In this estate Ecbert who had now conquerd all the South finding them in the year 827. An. Dom. 827 for he was march'd thether with an Army to compleat his Conquest of the whole Iland no wonder if they submitted themselves to the yoke without resistance Eandred thir King becoming Tributary An. Dom. 828 Thence turning his forces the year following he subdu'd more throughly what remain'd of North-Wales The End of the Fourth Book THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN The Fifth Book THE sum of things in this Iland or the best part therof reduc't now under the power of one man and him one of the worthiest which as far as can be found in good Authors was by none attain'd at any time heer before unless in Fables men might with some reason have expected from such Union peace and plenty greatness and the flourishing of all Estates and Degrees but far the contrary fell out soon after Invasion Spoil Desolation slaughter of many slavery of the rest by the forcible landing of a fierce Nation Danes commonly call'd and somtimes Dacians by others the same with Normans as barbarous as the Saxons themselves were at first reputed and much more for the Saxons first invited came hither to dwell these unsent for unprovok'd came only to destroy But if the Saxons as is above related came most of them from Jutland and Anglen a part of Denmarke as Danish Writers affirm and that Danes and Normans are the same then in this invasion Danes drove out Danes thir own posterity And Normans afterwards none but antienter Normans Which invasion perhaps had the Heptarchie stood divided as it was had either not bin attempted or not uneasily resisted while each Prince and people excited by thir neerest concernments had more industriously defended thir own bounds then depending on the neglect of a deputed Governour sent oft-times from the remote residence of a secure Monarch Though as it fell out in those troubles the lesser Kingdoms revolting from the West-Saxon yoke and not aiding each other too much concern'd with thir own safety it came to no
better pass while severally they sought to repell the danger nigh at hand rather then jointly to prevent it farre off But when God hath decreed servitude on a sinful Nation fitted by thir own vices for no condition but servile all Estates of Government are alike unable to avoid it God had purpos'd to punish our instrumental punishers though now Christians by other Heathen according to his Divine retaliation invasion for invasion spoil for spoil destruction for destruction The Saxons were now full as wicked as the Britans were at their arrival brok'n with luxurie and sloth either secular or superstitious for laying aside the exercise of Arms and the study of all vertuous knowledge some betook them to over-worldly or vitious practice others to religious Idleness and Solitude which brought forth nothing but vain and delusive visions easily perceav'd such by thir commanding of things either not belonging to the Gospel or utterly forbidden Ceremonies Reliques Monasteries Masses Idols add to these ostentation of Alms got oft-times by rapine and oppression or intermixt with violent and lustfull deeds sometimes prodigally bestow'd as the expiation of cruelty and bloodshed What longer suffering could there be when Religion it self grew so void of sincerity and the greatest shews of purity were impur'd Ecbert ECbert in full highth of glory having now enjoy'd his Conquest seaven peacefull years his victorious Army long since disbanded and the exercise of Armes perhaps laid aside the more was found unprovided against a sudden storm of Danes from the Sea who landing in the 32. of his Reign An. Dom. 832 wasted Shepey in Kent Ecbert the next year gathering an Army An. Dom. 833 for he had heard of thir arrival in 35 Ships gave them Battail by the River Carr in Dorsetshire the event wherof was that the Danes kept thir ground and encampt where the field was fought two Saxon Leaders Dudda and Osmund and two Bishops as some say were there slain This was the only check of Fortune we read of that Ecbert in all his time receav'd For the Danes returning two years after with a great Navy An. Dom. 835 and joining Forces with the Cornish who had enterd League with them were overthrown and put to flight Of these invasions against Ecbert the Danish History is not silent whether out of thir own Records or ours may be justly doubted for of these times at home I find them in much uncertainty and beholding rather to Out-landish Chronicles then any Records of thir own The Victor Ecbert as one who had done enough seasonably now after prosperous success An. Dom. 836 the next year with glory ended his days and was buried at Winchester Ethelwolf EThelwolf the Son of Ecbert succeeded by Malmsbury describ'd a man of mild nature not inclin'd to War or delighted with much Dominion that therfore contented with the antient West-Saxon bounds he gave to Ethelstan his Brother or Son as some write the Kingdome of Kent and Essex But the Saxon Annalist whose Autority is Elder saith plainly that both these Countries and Sussex were bequeath'd to Ethelstan by Ecbert his Father The unwarlike disposition of Ethelwolf gave encouragement no doubt and easier entrance to the Danes who came again the next year with 33 Ships An. Dom. 837 but Wulfheard one of the Kings Chief Captains drove them back at Southamton with great slaughter himself dying the same year of Age as I suppose for he seems to have bin one of Ecberts old Commanders who was sent with Ethelwolf to subdue Kent Ethelhelam another of the Kings Captains with the Dorsetshire men had at first like success against the Danes at Portsmouth but they reinforcing stood thir ground and put the English to rout Worse was the success of Earl Herebert at a place call'd Mereswar slain with the most part of his Army An. Dom. 838 The year following in Lindsey also East-Angles and Kent much mischief was don by thir landing An. Dom. 839 where the next year embold'nd by success they came on as far as Canterbury Rochester and London it self with no less cruel hostility and giving no respit to the peaceable mind of Ethelwolf they yet return'd with the next year in 35 Ships fought with him An. Dom. 840 as before with his Father at the River Carr and made good thir ground In Northumberland Eandred the Tributary King deceasing left the same tenure to his Son Ethelred driv'n out in his fowrth year An. Dom. 844 and succeeded by Readwulf who soon after his Coronation hasting forth to Battel against the Danes at Alvetheli fell with the most part of his Army and Ethelred like in fortune to the former Ethelred was re-exalted to his Seat And to be yet further like him in Fate was slain the fowrth year after Osbert succeeded in his room An. Dom. 845 But more southerly the Danes next year after met with some stop in the full course of thir outragious insolences For Earnulf with the men of Somerset Alstan the Bishop and Osric with those of Dorsetshire setting upon them at the Rivers mouth of Pedridan slaughterd them in great numbers and obtain'd a just Victory This repulse queld them for ought we hear the space of six years An. Dom. 851 Then also renewing thir invasion with little better success For Keorle an Earl aided with the Forces of Devonshire assaulted and over-threw them at Wigganbearch with great destruction as prosperously were they fought with the same year at Sandwich by King Ethelstan and Ealker his General thir great Army defeated and nine of thir Ships tak'n the rest driv'n off however to ride out the Winter on that shoar Asser saith they then first winter'd in Shepey I le Hard it is through the bad expression of these Writers to define this fight whether by Sea or Land Hoveden terms it a Sea fight Nevertheless with 50 Ships Asser and others add 300 they enterd the mouth of Thames and made excursions as far as Canterbury and London and as Ethelwerd writes destroy'd both of London Asser signifies only that they pillag'd it Bertulf also the Mercian successor of Withlaf with all his Army they forc'd to fly and him beyond the Sea Then passing over Thames with thir powers into Surrey and the West-Saxons and meeting there with King Ethelwolf and Ethelbald his Son at a place call'd Ak-Lea or Oak-Lea they receav'd a total defeat with memorable slaughter This was counted a lucky year to England and brought to Ethelwolf great reputation An. Dom. 853 Burhed therfore who after Bertulf held of him the Mercian Kingdom two years after this imploring his aid against the North-Welch as then troublesome to his Confines obtain'd it of him in person and therby reduc'd them to obedience This done Ethelwolf sent his Son Alfrid a Child of five years well accompanied to Rome whom Leo the Pope both consecrated to be King afterward and adopted to be his Son at home Ealker with the Forces of Kent
and built another at Temsford judging that place more opportune from whence to make thir excursions and soon after went forth with design to assail Bedford but the Garrison issuing out slew a great part of them the rest fled After this a greater Army of them gatherd out of Mercia and the East-Angles came and beseig'd the City call'd Wigingmere a whole Day but finding it defended stoutly by them within thence also departed driving away much of thir Cattel wherupon the English from Towns and Citties round about joining Forces laid Seige to the Town and Castle of Temsford and by assault took both slew thir King with Toglea a Duke and Mannan his Son an Earl with all the rest there found who chose to die rather then yeild Encourag'd by this the men of Kent Surrey and part of Essex enterprise the Seige of Colnhester nor gave over till they won it sacking the Town and putting to Sword all the Danes therein except some who escap'd over the Wall To the succour of these a great number of Danes inhabiting Ports and other Towns in the East-Angles united thir Force but coming too late as in revenge beleaguerd Maldon but that Town also timely releiv'd they departed not only frustrate of thir design but so hotly persu'd that many thousands of them lost thir lives in the flight Forthwith King Edward with his West-Saxons went to Passham upon Ouse there to guard the passage while others were building a stone Wall about Torchester to him there Earl Thurfert and other Lord Danes with thir Army thereabout as far as Weolud came and submitted Wherat the Kings Souldiers joyfully cry'd out to be dismiss't home therfore with another part of them he enterd Huntingdon and repair'd it where breaches had bin made all the people thereabout returning to obedience The like was done at Colnchester by the next remove of his Army after which both East and West-Angles and the Danish Forces among them yeilded to the King swearing Allegiance to him both by Sea and Land the Army also of Danes at Grantbrig surrendring themselves took the same Oath The Summer following he came with his Army to Stamford An. Dom. 922 built a Castle there on the South-side of the River where all the people of those quarters acknowledg'd him supream Dureing his abode there Elfled his Sister a martial Woman who after her Husbands Death would no more marry but gave her self to public affairs repairing and fortifying many Towns warring sometimes dy'd at Tamworth the Cheif Seat of Mercia wherof by guift of Alfred her Father she was Lady or Queen wherby that whole Nation became obedient to King Edward as did also North-Wales with Howel Cledaucus and Jeothwell thir Kings Thence passing to Nottingham he enterd and repair'd the Town plac'd there part English part Danes and receav'd fealty from all in Mercia of either Nation The next Autumn coming An. Dom. 923 with his Army into Cheshire he built and fortifi'd Thelwel and while he staid there call'd another Army out of Mercia which he sent to repair and fortifie Manchester About Midsummer following An. Dom. 924 he march'd again to Nottingham built a Town over against it on the South-side of that River and with a Bridg joyn'd them both thence journied to a place call'd Bedecanwillan in Pictland there also built and fenc'd a City on the Borders where the King of Scots did him honour as to his Sovran together with the whole Scotish Nation the like did Reginald and the Son of Eadulf Danish Princes with all the Northumbrians both English and Danes The King also of a people thereabout call'd Streatgledwalli the North Welch as Camden thinks of Strat-Cluid in Denbigh-shire perhaps rather the British of Cumberland did him homage and not undeserv'd For Buchanan himself confesses that this King Edward with a small number of men compar'd to his Enemies overthrew in a great Battel the whole united power both of Scots and Daâ—es slew most of the Scotish Nobility and forc'd Malcolmb whom Constantine the Scotch King had made General and design'd Heir of his Crown to save himself by flight sore wounded Of the English he makes Athelstan the Son of Edward Chief Leader and so far seems to confound times and actions as to make this Battel the same with that fought by Athelstan about 24 years after at Bruneford against Anlaf and Constantine wherof hereafter But here Buchanan takes occasion to inveigh against the English Writers upbraiding them with ignorance who affirm Athelstan to have bin supream King of Britain Constantine the Scotish King with others to have held of him and denies that in the Annals of Marianus Scotus any mention is to be found therof which I shall not stand much to contradict for in Marianus whether by Surname or by Nation Scotus will be found as little mention of any other Scotish affairs till the time of King Dunchad slain by Machetad or Mackbeth in the year 1040. which gives cause of suspition that the affairs of Scotland before that time were so obscure as to be unknown to thir own Countryman who liv'd and wrote his Chronicle not long after But King Edward thus nobly doing and thus honour'd the year following dy'd at Farendon An. Dom. 925 a builder and restorer eev'n in War not a destroyer of his Land He had by several Wives many Childern his eldest Daughter Edgith he gave in marriage to Charles King of France Grand-Child of Charles the Bald above-mention'd of the rest in place convenient His Laws are yet to be seen He was buried at Winchester in the Monastery by Alfred his Father And a few days after him dy'd Ethelwerd his Eldest Son the Heir of his Crown He had the whole Iland in subjection yet so as petty Kings reign'd under him In Northumberland after Ecbert whom the Danes had set up and the Northumbrians yet unruly under thir yoke at the end of 6 years had expell'd one Ricsig was set up King and bore the name 3 years then another Ecbert and Guthred the latter if we beleeve Legends of a Servant made King by command of St. Cudbert in a Vision and enjoyn'd by another Vision of the same Saint to pay well for his Royalty many Lands and privileges to his Church and Monastery But now to the story Athelstan AThelstan next in Age to Ethelward his Brother who deceas'd untimely few days before though born of a Concubine yet for the great appearance of many vertues in him and his Brethren being yet under Age was exalted to the Throne at Kingstone An. Dom. 926 upon Thames and by his Fathers last Will saith Malmsbury yet not without some opposition of one Alfred and his Accomplices who not likeing he should reign had conspir'd to seise on him after his Fathers Death and to put out his Eyes But the Conspiratours discoverd and Alfred denying the Plot was sent to Rome to assert his innocence before the Pope where taking his Oath on
thir decline and ruin under a double Conquest and the causes foregoing which not to blur or taint the praises of thir former actions and liberty well defended shall stand severally related and will be more then long enough for another Book The End of the Fifth Book THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN The Sixth Book Edward the Younger EDward the eldest Son of Edgar by Egelfieda his first Wife the Daughter of Duke Ordmer was according to right and his Fathers Will plac'd in the Throne Elfrida his second Wife and her faction only repineing who labour'd to have had her Son Ethelred a Child of 7 years preferr'd before him that she under that pretence might have rul'd all Mean while Comets were seen in Heav'n portending not Famin only which follow'd the next year but the troubl'd State of the whole Realm not long after to ensue The troubles begun in Edwi's daies between Monks and secular Priests now reviv'd and drew on either side many of the Nobles into parties For Elfere Duke of the Mercians with many other Pecrs corrupted as is said with guifts drove the Monks out of those Monasteries where Edgar had plac'd them and in thir stead put secular Priests with thir Wives But Ethelwin Duke of East-Angles with his Brother Elfwold and Earl Britnoth oppos'd them and gathering an Army defended the Abbies of East-Angles from such intruders To appease these tumults a Synod was call'd at Winchester and nothing there concluded a general Councel both of Nobles and Prelates was held at Caln in Wiltshire where while the dispute was hot but chiefly against Dunstan the room wherin they sat fell upon thir heads killing some maiming others Dunstan only escaping upon a beam that fell not and the King absent by reason of his tender Age. This accident quieted the controversie and brought both parts to hold with Dunstan and the Monks Mean while the King addicted to a Religious life and of a mild Spirit simply permitted all things to the ambitious will of his Step-mother and her Son Ethelred to whom she displeas'd that the name only of King was wanting practis'd thenceforth to remove King Edward out of the way which in this manner she brought about Edward on a day wearied with hunting thirsty and alone while his attendance follow'd the Dogs hearing that Ethelred and his mother lodg'd at Corvesgate Corse Castle saith Camden in the I le of Purbeck innocently went thether She with all shew of kindness welcoming him commanded drink to be brought forth for it seems he lighted not from his Horse and while he was drinking caus'd one of her Servants privately before instructed to stab him with a poignard The poor youth who little expected such unkindness there turning speedily the Reins fled bleeding till through loss of blood falling from his Horse and expiring yet held with one foot in the Stirrop he was dragg'd along the way trac'd by his blood and buried without honour at Werham having reign'd about 3 years but the place of his burial An. Dom. 978 not long after grew famous for miracles After which by Duke Elfer who as Malmsbury saith had a hand in his Death he was Royally enterr'd at Skepton or Shaftsbury The murdress Elfrida at length repenting spent the residue of her daies in sorrow and great penance Ethelred EThelred second Son of Edgar by Elfrida for Edmund An. Dom. 979 dy'd a Child his Brother Edward wickedly remov'd was now next in right to succeed and accordingly Crown'd at Kingston reported by some fair of visage comly of person elegant of behaviour but the event will shew that with many sluggish and ignoble vices he quickly sham'd his outside born and prolong'd a fatal mischeif of the people and the ruin of his Country whereof he gave early signes from his first infancy bewraying the Font and Water while the Bishop was baptizing him Whereat Dunstan much troubl'd for he stood by and saw it to them next him broke into these words By God and Gods Mother this Boy will prove a Sluggard Another thing is writt'n of him in his Childhood which argu'd no bad nature that hearing of his Brother Edwards cruel Death he made loud lamentation but his furious mother offended therwith and having no rod at hand beat him so with great Wax Candles that he hated the sight of them ever after Dunstan though unwilling set the Crown upon his head but at the same time foretold op'nly as is reported the great evils that were to come upon him and the Land in avengment of his Brothers innocent blood And about the same time one midnight a Cloud sometimes bloody sometimes fiery was seen over all England and within three years An. Dom. 982 the Danish Tempest which had long surceast revolv'd again upon this Iland To the more ample relating whereof the Danish History at least thir latest and diligentest Historian as neither from the first landing of Danes in the Reign of West-Saxon Brithric so now again from first to last contributes nothing busied more then anough to make out the bare names and successions of thir uncertain Kings and thir small actions at home unless out of him I should transcribe what hee takes and I better may from our own Annals the surer and the sadder witnesses of thir doings here not glorious as they vainly boast but most inhumanly Barbarous For the Danes well understanding that England had now a slothfull King to thir wish first landing at Southampton from 7 great Ships took the Town spoil'd the Country and carried away with them great pillage nor was Devonshire and Cornwall uninfested on the shore Pirats of Norway also harried the Coast of West-Chester and to add a worse calamity the City of London was burnt casually or not is not writt'n An. Dom. 986 It chanc'd fowr years after that Ethelred beseig'd Rochester some way or other offended by the Bishop therof Dunstan not approving the cause sent to warn him that he provoke not St. Andrew the Patron of that City nor wast his Lands an old craft of the Clergy to secure thir Church Lands by entailing them on some Saint the King not hark'ning Dunstan on this condition that the seige might be rais'd sent him a hundred pound the money was accepted and the seige dissolv'd Dunstan reprehending his avarice sent him again this word because thou hast respected money more then Religion the evils which I foretold shall the sooner come upon thee but not in my days for so God hath spok'n The next year An. Dom. 987 An. Dom. 988 was calamitous bringing strange fluxes upon men and murren upon Cattel Dunstan the year following dy'd a strenuous Bishop zealous without dread of person and for ought appeers the best of many Ages if he busied not himself too much in secular affairs He was Chaplain at first to King Athelstan and Edmund who succeeded much imploi'd in Court affairs till envi'd by some who laid many
the rest Thence An. Dom. 1029 returning King of England Denmarke and Norway yet not secure in his mind under colour of an Embassey he sent into banishment Hacun a powerfull Dane who had married the Daughter of his Sister Gunildis having conceav'd some suspition of his practices against him but such course was tak'n that he never came back either perishing at Sea or slain by contrivance the next year in Orkney Canute An. Dom. 1030 therefore having thus establish't himself by bloodshed and oppression to wash away as he An. Dom. 1031 thought the guilt therof sailing again into Denmark went thence to Rome and offerd there to St. Peter great guifts of Gold and Silver and other pretious things besides the usuall tribute of Romscot giving great Alms by the way both thether and back again freeing many places of Custom and Toll with great expence where strangers were wont to pay having vow'd great amendment of life at the Sepulchre of Peter and Paul and to his whole people in a large letter writt'n from Rome yet extant At his return therfore he built and dedicated An. Dom. 1032 a Church to St. Edmund at Bury whom his Ancestors had slain threw out the secular Priests who had intruded there and plac'd Monks in thir stead then going into Scotland subdu'd and receav'd homage of Malcolm and two other Kings An. Dom. 1035 there Melbeath and Jermare Three years after having made Swane his suppos'd Son by Algiva of Northamton Duke Alshelms Daughter for others say the Son of a Preist whom Algiva barren had got ready at the time of her feign'd labour King of Norway and Hardecnute his Son by Emma King of Denmark and design'd Harold his Son by Algiva of Northamton King of England dy'd at Shaftsbury and was buried at Winchester in the old Monastery This King as appears ended better then he began for though he seems to have had no hand in the Death of Ironside but detested the fact and bringing the murderers who came to him in hope of great reward forth among his Courtiers as it were to receave thanks after they had op'nly related the manner of thir killing him deliver'd them to deserved punishment yet he spar'd Edric whom he knew to be the prime Authour of that detestable fact till willing to be rid of him grown importune upon the confidence of his merits and upbraided by him that he had first relinquisht then extinguisht Edmund for his sake angry to be so upbraided therfore said he with a chang'd countnance Traytor to God and to me thou shalt die thine own mouth accuses thee to have slain thy Master my confederate Brother and the Lords Anointed Whereupon although present and privat Execution was in rage done upon Edric yet he himself in cool blood scrupl'd not to make away the Brother and Children of Edmund who had better right to be the Lords Anointed heer then himself When he had obtain'd in England what he desir'd no wonder if he sought the love of his conquerd Subjects for the love of his own quiet the maintainers of his wealth and state for his own profit For the like reason he is thought to have married Emma and that Richard Duke of Normandy her Brother might the less care what became of Elfred and Edward her Sons by King Ethelred He commanded to be observ'd the antient Saxon Laws â—all'd afterwards the Laws of Edward the Confeâ—â—â—r not that hee made them but strictly observ'd them His Letter from Rome professes if he had done aught amiss in his youth through negligence or want of due temper full resolution with the help of God to make amends by governing justly and piously for the future charges and adjures all his Officers and Vicounts that neither for fear of him or favour of any person or to enrich the King they suffer injustice to be done in the land commands his treasurers to pay all his Debts ere his return home which was by Denmarke to compose matters there and what his Letter profess'd he perform'd all his life after But it is a fond conceit in many great ones and pernicious in the end to cease from no violence till they have attain'd the utmost of thir ambitions and desires then to think God appeas'd by thir seeking to bribe him with a share however large of thir ill-gott'n spoils and then lastly to grow zealous of doing right when they have no longer need to do wrong Howbeit Canute was famous through Europe and much honour'd of Conrade the Emperour then at Rome with rich guifts and many grants of what he there demanded for the freeing of passages from Toll and Custome I must not omit one remarkable action done by him as Huntingdon reports it with great Scene of circumstance and emphatical expression to shew the small power of Kings in respect of God which unless to Court-Parasites needed no such laborious demonstration He caus'd his Royal Seat to be set on the shoar while the Tide was coming in and with all the state that Royalty could put into his countnance said thus to the Sea Thou Sea belongst to me and the Land wheron I sit is mine nor hath any one unpunish'd resisted my commands I charge thee come no furder upon my Land neither presume to wet the Feet of thy Sovran Lord. But the Sea as before came rowling on and without reverence both wet and dash'd him Wherat the King quickly riseing wish'd all about him to behold and consider the weak and frivolous power of a King and that none indeed deserv'd the name of a King but he whose Eternal Laws both Heav'n Earth and Sea obey A truth so evident of it self as I said before that unless to shame his Court Flatterers who would not else be convinc't Canute needed not to have gone wet-shod home The best is from that time forth he never would wear a Crown esteeming Earthly Royalty contemptible and vain Harold HArold for his swiftness surnam'd Harefoot the Son of Canute by Algiva of Northampton though some speak doubtfully as if she bore him not but had him of a Shoo-makers Wife as Swane before of a Priest others of a Maid-Servant to conceal her barrenness in a great Assembly at Oxford was by Duke Leofric and the Mercians with the Londoners according to his Fathers Testament elected King but without the Regal Habiliments which Aelnot the Archbishop having in his Custody refus'd to deliver up but to the Sons of Emma for which Harold ever after hated the Clergy and as the Clergy are wont thence to inferr all Religion Godwin Earl of Kent and the West-Saxons with him stood for Hardecnute Malmsbury saith that the contest was between Dane and English that the Danes and Londoners grown now in a manner Danish were all for Hardecnute but he being then in Denmarke Harold prevail'd yet so as that the Kingdom should be divided between them the West and Southpart reserv'd by
Speech to Bishop Austin p. 143. Dioclesian supposed a King of Syria and his 50 Daughters having all but one murder'd their Husbands to have been driven upon this Iland p. 5. Dis the first peopler of this Iland as some fabulously affirm p. 9. the same with Samothes ibid. Donaldus said to have headed the Caledonians against Septimius Severus p. 84. Donaldus King of Scotland brought to hard conditions by Osbert and Ella Kings of Northumberland p. 196. Druids falsly alledg'd out of Caesar to have forbidden the Britans to write their memorable deeds p. 2. Druis the third from Samothes fabulously written the ancientest King of this Iland p. 4. Dunstane sent the Nobles to reprove King Edw. for his luxury p. 233. banisht by the King and his Monastery rifled p. 234. recall'd by King Edgar ibid. his miraculous escape when the rest of the company were kill'd by the fall of a house p. 242. Dunwallo Mulmutius Son of Cloten King of Cornwall reduces the whole Iland into a Monarchy p. 21. establisheth the Molmutin Laws p. 22. Durslus King of the Picts said to be slain by the joynt Forces of the Britans and Romans p. 102. E. EAdbald after the death of his Father Ethelbert falls back to Heathenism p. 145. he runs distracted but afterwards returns to his right mind and faith p. 146. by what means it happen'd ibid. he gives his Sister Edelburga in marriage to Edwin ibid. he dies and leaves his Son Ercombert to succeed p. 156. Eadbert shares with his two Brothers in the Kingdom of Kent after Victred p. 170. his death p. 174. Eadbert King of Northumberland after Kelwulf wars against the Picts p. 174. joyns with Unust King of the Picts against the Britans in Cumberland p. 175 176. forsakes his Crown for a Monks hood p. 176. Eatbright otherwise call'd Ethelbert usurping the Kingdom of Kent and contending with Kenulph the Mercian is taken prisoner p. 182. Eadburga by chance poysons her Husband Birthric with a cup which she had prepar'd for another p. 184. the choice propos'd to her by Charles the Great to whom she fled ibid. he assigns her a rich Monastery to dwell in as Abbess ibid. detected of unchastity she is expelled and dies in beggery at Pavia p. 185. Eandred Son of Eardulf reigns 30 years King of Northumberland after Alfwold the Vsurper p. 185. becomes tributary to Ecbert p. 188. Eanfrid the Son of Ethelfrid succeeds in the Kingdom of Bernicia p. 154. Eardulf supposed to have been slain by Ethelred is made King of the Northumbrians in York after Osbald p. 182. in a War rais'd against him by his people he gets the victory p. 183. is driven out of his Kingdom by Alswold p. 185. East-Angle Kingdom by whom erected p. 121. East-Saxon Kingdom by whom hegun p. 121. the people converted by Mellitus p. 142. they expel their Bishop and renounce their faith p. 146. are reconverted by means of Edwi p. 159. Ebranc succeeds his Father Mempricius in the Kingdom of Britain p. 15. builds Caer-Ebranc now York and other places ibid. Ecbert succeeds his Father Ercombert in the Kingdom of Kent p. 163. dying leaves a suspition of having slain his Vncle's Sons Elbert and Egelbright p. 163. Ecbert of the West-Saxon linage flies from Birthric's suspition to Offa and thence into France p. 183. after Birthric's decease is recall'd and with general applause made King ibid. he subdues the Britans of Cornwall and beyond Severn p. 186. overthrows Bernulf the Vsurper of Mercia at Ellandune or Wilton ibid. the East-Angles having slain Bernulf yield to his Soveraignty ibid. drives Baldred King of Kent out of his Kingdom and causeth both Kent and other Provinces to submit to his Scepter p. 187. Withlaf of Mercia becomes tributary to him ibid. he gives the Danes battel by the River Carr p. 191. in another battel he puts to flight a great Army of them together with the Cornish men joyning with them p. 192. he dies and is buried at Winchester ibid. Ecferth the Son of Offa the Mercian within four months ends his Reign p. 181 182. Ecfrid Oswi's eldest Son succeeds him in the Kingdom of Northumberland p. 163. wins Lindsey from Wulfer the Mercian ibid. he wars against Ethelred the Brother of Wulfer p. 166. he sends Bertus with an Army to subdue Ireland p. 167. marching against the Picts is cut off with most of his Army ib. his death reveng'd by Bertfrid a Northumbrian Captain p. 170. Edan a King of the Scots in Britain put to flight by Ethelfrid p. 141. Edelard King of the West-Saxons after Ina molested with the Rebellion of his Kinsman Oswald p. 174. overcoming those troubles dies in peace ibid. Edgar the Brother and Successor of Edwi in the English Monarchy calls home Dunstan from Banishment p. 234. his peaceable and prosperous Reign and his favour towards the Monks ibid. his strict observance of justice and his care to secure the Nation with a strong Fleet p. 235. he is homag'd and row'd down the River Dee by eight Kings p. 236. his expostulation with Kened King of Scotland p. 237. he is cheated by the treacherous Duke Athelwold of Elflida whom avenging himself upon the said Duke he marries p. 237 238. attempting on the chastity of a young Lady at Andover he is pleasantly deceiv'd by the mother p. 239. dying in the height of his glory he is buried at Glaston-Abby p. 236. Edgar sirnamed Atheling his right and title to the Crown of England from his Grandfather Edmund Ironside p. 292. excluded by Harold Son of Earl Godwin p. 299. Edilhere the Brother and Successor of Anna in the Kingdom of the East-Angles slain in a battel against Oswi p. 161. Edilwalk the South-Saxon perswaded to Christianity by Wulfer p. 164. Edmund crown'd King of the East-Angles at Burie p. 196. his whole Army put to flight by the Danes he is taken bound to a stake and shot with arrows p. 201. Edmund the Brother and Successor of Athelstane in the English Monarchy frees Mercia and takes several Towns from the Danes p. 230. he drives Anlaf and Suthfrid out of Northumberland and Dummail out of Cumberland p. 231. the strange manner of his death p. 231 232. Edmund sirnamed Ironside the Son of Ethelred set up by divers of the Nobles against Canute p. 262. in several Battels against the Danes he comes off for the most part victorious p. 263 264. at length consents to divide the Kingdom with him p. 265. his death thought to have been violent and not without Canute's consent p. 266. Edred the third Brother and Successor of Athelstane with much ado reduceth the Northumbrians and puts an end to that Kingdom p. 232. dies in the flower of his age and is buried at Winchester p. 233. Edric the Son of Edelwalk King of South-Saxons slain by Kedwalla the West-Saxon p. 165. Edric sirnamed Streon advanc't by King Ethelred marries his Daughter Elgiva p. 254. he secretly murthers two Noblemen whom he had invited to his Lodging p.
Northumberland p. 134. he wasts the Britans p. 141. overthrows Edan King of Scots ibid. in a Battel at Westchester against the British Forces he slays above 1200 Monks p. 144. Ethelmund and Weolstan the opposite Leaders of each party in a fight between the Worster-shire men and Wilt-shire men slain p. 184. Ethelred succeeding his Brother Wulfer in the Kingdom of Mercia recovers Lindsey and other parts p. 164. invades the Kingdom of Kent ibid. a sore Battel between him and Ecfrid the Northumbrian p. 166. after the violent death of his Queen he exchanges his Crown for a Monks Cowl p. 169. Ethelred the Soâ— of Mollo the Vsurper Alcled being forsaken bâ— the Northumbrians and depos'd is crown'd in his stead p. 177. having caused three of his Noblemen to be treacherously slain he is driven into banishment ibid. after 10 year's banishment restor'd again p. 179. he cruelly and treacherously puts to death Oelf and Oelfwin the Sons of Elfwald formerly King p. 180. and afterwards Osred who though shaven a Monk attempted again upon the Kingdom ibid. he marries Elfled the Daughter of Offa p. 180. is miserably slain by his people p. 182. Ethelred the Son of Eandred driven out in his 4. year p. 193. is re-exalted to his Seat but slain the 4. year after ibid. Ethelred the third Son of Ethelwolf the third Monarch of the English-Saxons infested with fresh Invasions of the Danes p. 199. he fights several great Battels with the Danes with various success p. 202 203 he dies in the 5. year of his Reign and is buried at Winburn p. 203. Ethelred the Son of Edgar by Elfrida crown'd at Kingston p. 243. Dunstan at his Baptism presages ill of his future slothful Reign ibid. new Invasions of the Danes and great spoils committed by them in his Reign p. 244 245 c. being reduc't to streights by the Danes he retires into Normandy p. 258. is recall'd by his people and joyfully received ibid. drives Canute the Dane back to his Ships p. 259. he dies at London p. 262. Ethelric Ida's Son expels Edwin the Son of Alla out of the Kingdom of Deira p. 133. Ethelwald the Son of Oswald King of Deira taking part with the Mercians withdraws his Forces p. 160. Ethelwald the Brother of Edelhere succeeds him in the Kingdom of the East-Angles p. 161. Ethelwald sirnamed Mollo set up King of the Northumbrians in the room of Oswulf p. 177. he slays in Battel Oswin a Lord that rebell'd against him ib. is set upon by Alcled who assumes his place ibid. Ethelwolf the second Monarch of the English-Saxons of a mild nature not warlike or ambitious p. 192. he with his Son Ethelbald gives the Danes a total defeat at Ak-Lea or Oak-Lea p. 194. he dedicatea the tenth of his whole Kingdom toward the maintenance of Masses and Psalms for the prospering of him and his Captains against the Danes p. 195. takes a journey to Rome with his Son Alfrid and marries Judith the Daughter of Charles the Bald of France ibid. he is driven by a Conspiracy to consign half his Kingdom to his Son Ethelbald p. 195. dies and is buried at Winchester p. 197. Ethelwolf Earl of Bark-shire obtains a Victory against the Danes at Englefield p. 201 202. in another Battel is slain himself p. 202. Ethildrith refusing for 12 years her Husband Ecfrids Bed at length veils her self a Nun and is made Abbess of Ely p. 167. Eustace Count of Boloign revenging the death of one of his servants is set upon by the Citizens of Canterbury p. 284. he complains to King Edward who takes his part against the Canterburians and commands Earl Godwin against them but in vain p. 284 285. F. FAganus and Deruvianus said to have preach't the Gospel here and to have converted almost the whole Island p. 79. Faustus incestuously born of Vortimer and his Daughter lives a devout life in Glamorgan-shire p. 115. Fergus King of Scots said to be slain by the joynt Forces of the Britans and Romans p. 102. Ferrex the Son of Gorbogudo slays in fight his Brother Porrex though assisted with Forces out of France p. 21. is in revenge slain himself in bed by his Mother Videna ibid. Flattery odious and contemptible to a generous Spirit p. 273. Francus nam'd among the four Sons of Istion sprung of Japhet and from him the Francs said to be deriv'd p. 5. Fulgenius reckon'd among the ancient British Kings p. 28. the Commander in chief of the Caledonians against Septimius Severus so call'd by Geoffry of Monmouth p. 84. G. GAlgacus heads the Britans against Julius Agricola p. 74. Germanus in a publick disputation at Verulam puts to silence the chief of the Pelagians p. 104. he is intreated by the Britans to head them against the Picts and Saxons p. 104. he gains the Victory by a religious Stratagem p. 105. his death p. 108. Gerontius a Britan by his valour advances the success of Constantine the Vsurper in France and Spain p. 95. displac't by him he calls in the Vanâ—â—â—â— against him ibid. deserted by his Souldiers he depands himself valiantly with the slaughter of 300 of his enemies p. 96. he kills his Wife Nonnichia refusing to out-live him ibid. Geruntius the Son of Elidure not his immediate Successor p. 28. Godwin Earl of Kent and the West-Saxons stand for Hardecnute p. 274. he betrays Prince Elfred to Harold p. 274. 276. being called to account by Hardecnute he appeaseth him with a very rich Present p. 277. he earnestly exhorts Edward to take upon him the Crown of England p. 280. marries his Daughter to King Edward p. 281. he raises Forces in opposition of the French whom the King favour'd p. 285. is banisht p. 286. he and his Sons uniting in a great Fleet grow formidable p. 288. coming up to London with his Ships and preparing for Battel a Reconciliation is suddenly made between him and the King p. 289. sitting with the King at Table he suddenly sinks down dead in his seat p. 290. Gomer the eldest Son of Japhet believ'd the first that peopled these West and Northern Climes p. 4. Gonorill gains upon the affection of her Father King Lier by her dissimulation p. 17. she is married with Maglaunus Duke of Albania p. 18. her ingratitude to her Father after she had gain'd from him what she could p. 19. Gorbogudo or Gorbodego succeeds Kinmarcus in the Kingdom p. 21. Gorbonian succeeds Morindus in the Kingdom p. 25. his justice and piety p. 25 26. Gratianus Funarius the Father of Valentinian Commander in chief of the Roman Armies in Britain p. 89. Gregory Archdeacon of Rome and afterward Pope procures the sending over of Abbot Austin and others to preach the Gospel to the Saxons in this Island p. 138. Griffin Prince of South-Wales joyning with Algar and committing great spoil in Hereford is pursued by Harold Earl of Kent p. 292. after a peace concluded he breaks his faith and returns to Hostility ibid. is again reduc't ibid. Harold
sent against him brings the Welsh to submission p. 293. lurking about the Country he is taken and slain by Griffin Prince of North-Wales ibid. Guendolen the Daughter of Corineus is married to Locrine the Son of Brutus p. 14. being divorc't by him gives him Battel wherein he is slain p. 15. causeth Estrildis whom Locrine had married to be thrown into a River with her Daughter Sabra p. 15. governs 15 years in behalf of her Son Madan ibid. Gueniver the Wife of Melval a British King kept from King Arthur in the Town of Glaston p. 126. Guiderius said to have been the Son of Cunobeline and slain in a Battel against Claudius p. 54. Guitheline succeeds his Father Gurguntius Barbirus in the Kingdom Gunhildis the Sister of Swane with her Husband Earl Palingus and her young Son cruelly murther'd p. 150. Guorangonus a King of Kent before it was given to the Saxons p. 113. Guortigner the Son of Vortiger bends his endeavours to drive out the Saxons p. 113. his success against them in several Battels p. 415. dying he commands his bones to be buried in the Port of Stonar ibid. Gurguntius Barbirus succeeds Belinus in the Kingdom overcomes the Dane and gives incouragement to Bartholinus a Spaniard to settle a plantation in Ireland p. 24. another ancient British King nam'd Gurguntius p. 28. Gurgustius succeeds Rivallo in the Kingdom p. 21. Gyrtha Son of Earl Godwin accompanies his Father into Flanders together with his Brothers Tosti and Swane p. 286. his noble advice to his Brother Harold as he was ready to give Battel to Duke William of Normandy p. 304. he is slain in the said Battel with his Brothers Harold and Leofwin p. 305. Gythro or Gothrun a Danish King baptiz'd and receiv'd out of the Font by King Alfred p. 207. the Kingdom of the East-Angles said to be bestow'd on him to hold of the said Alfred ibid. H. HArdecnute the Son of Canute by Emma call'd over from Bruges and receiv'd King with general acclamation p. 276. he calls Godwin and others to account about the death of Elfred p. 277. enrag'd at the Citizens of Worcester for killing his Tax-gatherers he sends an Army against them and burns the City p. 277 278. he kindly receives and entertains his half Brother Edward p. 278. eating and drinking hard at a great Feast he falls down speechless and soon after expiring is buried at Winchester ibid. Harold sirnamed Harefoot the Son of Canute elected King by Duke Leofric and the Mercians p. 273. he banishes his Mother-in-Law Emma p. 274. his perfidiousness and cruelty towards Elfred the Son of Ethelred p. 274. 276. he dies and is buried at Winchester p. 276. Harold Son of Godwin made Earl of Kent and sent against Prince Griffin of Wales p. 292. he reduces him at last to utmost extremity p. 293. being cast upon the Coast of Normandy and brought to Duke William he promises his endeavours to make him King of England p. 295 296. he takes the Crown himself p. 299. puts off Duke William demanding it with a slighting answer p. 300 301. is invaded by his Brother Tosti p. 300. by Harold Harvager King of Norwey whom he utterly overthrows and slays together with Tosti p. 301 302. is invaded by Duke William of Normandy p. 303. is over-thrown at the Battel of Hastings and slain together with his two Brothers Leofwin and Gyrtha p. 305. Helvius Pertinax succeeds Ulpius Marcellus in the Government of Britain p. 81. Hengist and Horsa with an Army of Saxons Jutes and Angles lands in the Isle of Thanet p. 111 112. Hengist invites over more of his Country-men p. 112. he gains advantages of Vortimer by marrying his Daughter to him p. 113. he takes on him Kingly Title p. 116. his several Battels against the Britans ibid. his treacherous slaughter of 300 British Grandees under pretence of Treaty p. 117. his death p. 119. Henninus Duke of Cornwall hath Regan the Daughter of King Leir given him in Marriage p. 18. Herebert a Saxon Earl slain with most part of his Army by the Danes at a place call'd Mereswar p. 193. Hinguar and Hubba two Danish Brethren how they got footing by degrees in England p. 199 200. Histion said to be descended of Japhet and to have had four Sons who peopled the greatest part of Europe p. 5. Honorius the Emperour sends aid twice to the Britans against their Northern Invaders p. 101. Horsa the Brother of Hengist slain in the Saxons War against the Britans p. 115 116. his Burial-place gave name to Horsted a Town in Kent p. 116. Humbeanna and Albert said by some to have shar'd the Kingdom of East-Angles after one Elfwald p. 187. I. JAgo or Lago succeeds his Vncle Gurgustius in the Kingdom p. 21. Icenians and by their example the Trinobantes rise up in Arms against the Romans p. 63. Ida the Saxon begins the Kingdom of Bernicia in Northumberland p. 126 127. Idwallo learns by his Brother 's ill success to rule well p. 27. Immanuentius slain by Cassibelan p. 46. Immin Eaba and Eadbert Noblemen of Mercia throw off Oswi and set up Wulfer p. 161. Ina succeeds Kedwalla in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons p. 168. he marches into Kent to demand satisfaction for the burning of Mollo ibid. is pacified by Victred with a sum of money and the delivering up of the Accessories ibid. vanquishes Gerent King of Wales p. 170. stays Kenwulf and Albright and vanquishes the East-Angles p. 171. ends his days at Rome ibid. Inniaunus depos'd for his ill courses p. 27. Joseph of Arimathaea said to have first preacht the Christian Faith in this Island p. 80. Jovinus sent Deputy into this Island by the Emperour Valentinian p. 91. Iric a Dane made Earl of Northumberland by Canute in place of Uthred slain p. 261. 268. he is said by some to have made War against Malcolm King of Scots p. 269. his greatness suspected by Canute he is banisht the Realm ibid. Julius Agricola the Emperours Lieutenant in Britain almost extirpates the Ordovices p. 69. finishes the Conquest of the Isle of Mona p. 69. his justice and prudence in Government p. 70. he brings the Britans to Civility Arts and an Imitation of the Roman fashions p. 71. he receives triumphal Honours from Titus p. 71 72. he extends his Conquests to Scotland subdues the Orcades and other Scotch Islands p. 72. he is hard put to it in several Conflicts but comes off victorious p. 74 75 c. he is commanded home by Domitian p. 77. Julius Caesar hath Intelligence that the Britans are aiding to his Enemies the Gauls p. 33. he sends Caius Volusenus to make discovery of the nature of the people and strength of the Country p. 34. after him Comius of Arras to make a party among the Britans p. 35. the stout resistance he meets with from them at his landing p. 36 37. he receives terms of peace from them p. 38. he loses a great part of his Fleet ibid. defeats the Britans and
brings them anew to terms of peace and sets sail for Belgia p. 40. the year following he lands his Army again p. 42. he hath a very sharp dispute with the Britans near the Stowr in Kent p. 42 43. he receives terms of peace from the Trinobantes p. 46. he brings Cassibelan to Terms p. 47. he leaves the Island ibid. offers to Venus the Patroness of his Family a Corselet of British Pearl ibid. Julius Frontinus the Emperours Lieutenant in Britain tames the Silures a warlike people p. 69. Julius Severus governs Britain under Adrian the Emperour p. 78. K. KEarl surrenders the Kingdom of Mercia to his Kinsman Penda p. 152. Keaulin succeeds his Father Kenric in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons p. 127. he and his Son Cuthin slay three British Kings at Deorham p. 133. gives the Britans a very great rout at Fethanleage ibid. is totally routed by the Britans at Wodensbeorth and chac't out of his Kingdom dies in poverty p. 134. Kendwalla or Kadwallon a British King joyning with Penda the Mercian slays Edwin in Battel p. 157. Kedwalla a West-Saxon Prince returned from Banishment slays in fight Edelwalk the South-Saxon and after that Edric his Successor p. 165. going to the Isle of Wight he devotes the fourth part thereof to holy uses ibid. the Sons of Arwald King of that Isle slain by his order p. 166. he harrasses the Country of the South-Saxons ibid. is repell'd by the Kentish men ibid. yet revenges the death of his Brother Mollo ibid. going to Rome to be baptiz'd he dies there about five weeks after his Baptism p. 168. Kelred the Son of Ethelred succeeds Kenred in the Mercian Kingdom p. 169. possest with an evil Spirit he dies in despair p. 170. Kelwulf reigns King of the West-Saxons after Keola p. 140. he makes War upon the South-Saxons p. 145. dying leaves the Kingdom to his Brothers Sons ibid. Kenwulf adopted by Osric the Northumbrian to be his Successor in the Kingdom p. 171. he becomes a Monk in Lindisfarn p. 173. Kened King of the Scots does high honour to King Edgar p. 236. receives great favours from him ibid. is challeng'd by him upon some words let fall but soon pacifies him p. 237. Kenelm succeeding a Child in the Kingdom of Mercia after Kenulf is murther'd by order of his Sister Quendrid p. 186. Kenred the Son of Wulfer succeeds Ethelred in the Mercian Kingdom p. 169. having reign'd a while he goes to Rome and is there shorn a Monk ibid. another Kenred succeeds in the Kingdom of Northumberland p. 170. Kenric the Son of Kerdic overthrows the Britans that oppose him p. 120. kills and puts to flight many of the Britans at Searesbirig now Salisbury p. 127. afterwards at Beranvirig now Banbury ibid. Kentwin a West-Saxon King chaces the Welsh-Britans to the Sea-shore p. 165. Kenulf hath the Kingdom of Mercia bequeath'd him by Ecferth p. 182. he leaves behind him the praise of a vertuous Reign p. 186. Kenwalk succeeds his Father Kinegils in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons p. 156. his successes variously deliver'd p. 158. he is said to have discomfited the Britans at Pen in Somerset-shire p. 161. and giving Battel to Wulfer to have taken him prisoner p. 162. dying leaves the Government to Sexburga his Wife p. 163. Kenwulf entituled Clito slain by Ina the West-Saxon p. 171. Kenwulf King of the West-Saxons see Kinwulf Keola the Son of Cuthulf succeeds his Vncle Keaulin in the West-Saxon Kingdom p. 134. Keolwulf the Brother of Kenulf the Mercian after two years reign driven out by Bernulf a Vsurper p. 186. Keorle with the Forces of Devonshire overthrows the Danes at Wigganbeorch p. 193. Kerdic a Saxon Prince lands at Kerdicshore and over-throws the Britans p. 120. defeats their King Natanled in a memorable Battel ibid. founds the Kingdom of the West-Saxons p. 121. he overthrows the Britans again twice at Kerdic's Ford and at Kerdic's League p. 121 122. Kimarus reckon'd among the ancient British Kings p. 25. Kinegils and Cuichelm succeed Kelwulf in the Kingdom of the West-Saxons p. 145. they make Truce with Penda the Mercian p. 152 153. they are converted to the Christian Faith p. 155. Kinegils dying leaves his son Kenwalk to succeed p. 156. Kinmarcus succeeds Sisillius in the Kingdom p. 21. Kinwulf or Kenwulf Sigebert being thrown out and slain by a Swineherd is saluted King of the West-Saxons p. 175. behaves himself valorously in several Battels against the Welsh p. 177. put to the worst at Besington by Offa the Mercian ibid. is routed and slain in Battels by Kineard whom he had commanded into Banishment p. 178. Kymbeline or Cunobeline the Successor of Tenuantius said to be brought up in the Court of Augustus p. 51. his chief Seat Camalodunum or Maldon ibid. L. LEarning and Arts when began to flourish among the Saxons p. 163. Leil succeeds Brute Greensheild and builds Caerleil p. 16. Leofric Duke of Mercia and Siward of Northumberland sent by Hardecnute against the people of Worcester p. 277 278. by their Counsel King Edward seizeth on the Treasures of his Mother Queen Emma p. 281. they raise Forces for the King against Earl Godwin p. 285. Leofric's death p. 293. Leofwin Son of Earl Godwin after his Father Banishment goes over with his Brother Harold into Ireland p. 286. he and Harold assist their Father with a Fleet against King Edward p. 288. be is slain with his Brothers Harold and Gyrtha in the Battel against William Duke of Normandy p. 305. Linceus deliver'd in fabulous story to be the Husband of one of the feign'd 50 Daughters of Dioclesian King of Syria p. 5. the only man sav'd by his Wife when all the rest of the 50 slew their Husbands ib. Locrin the eldest Son of Brutus hath the middle part of this Island call'd Leogria for his share in the Kingdom p. 14. Lollius Urbicus draws a Wall of Turfs between the frith of Dunbritton and Edinborough p. 78. London with a great multitude of her Inhabitants by a sudden fire consumed p. 183. Lothair succeeds his Brother Ecbert in the Kingdom of Kent p. 163. Lucius a King in some part of Britain thought the first of any King in Europe who receiv'd the Christian Faith p. 79. is made the second by descent from Marius ibid. after a long Reign buried at Glocester p. 80. Lud walls about Trinovant and calls it Caer Lud or Luds Town p. 28. Ludiken the Mercian going to avenge Bernulf is surpris'd by the East-Angles and put to the sword p. 187. Lupicinus sent over Deputy into this Island by Julian the Emperour but soon recall'd p. 91. Lupus Bishop of Troyes assistant to Germanus of Auxerre in the Reformation of the British Church p. 104. M. MAdan succeeds his Father Locrin in the Kingdom p. 15. Maglaunus Duke of Albania marries Gonorill eldest Daughter of King Leir p. 18. Magoclune sirnamed the Island Dragon one of the five that reign'd toward the beginning of the Saxon Heptarchy p. 132. Magus
the Son and Successor of Samothes whom some fable to have been the first peopler of this Island p. 4. Malcolm Son of Kened King of Scots falling into Northumberland with his whole power utterly overthrown by Uthred p. 262. some say by Eric p. 269. Malcolm Son of the Cumbrian King made King of Scotland by Siward in the room of Macbeth p. 290 291. Malcolm King of Scotland coming to visit King Edward swears brotherhood with Tosti the Northumbrian p. 293. afterwards in his absence harrasses Northumberland ibid. Mandubratius Son of Immanuentius favour'd by the Trinobantes against Cassibelan p. 46. Marganus the Son of Gonorill deposeth his Aunt Cordelia p. 20. shares the Kingdom with his Cousin Cunedagius invades him but is met and overcome by him p. 20. Marganus the Son of Archigallo a good King p. 27. Marius the Son of Arviragus is said to have overcome the Picts and slain their King Roderic p. 79. Martia the Wife of King Guitheline said to have instituted the Law call'd Marchen Leage p. 24 25. Martinus made Deputy of the British Province failing to kill Paulus falls upon his own Sword p. 90. Maximianus Herculeus forc't to conclude a peace with Caransius and yield him Britain p. 86. Maximus a Spaniard usurping part of the Empire is overcome at length and slain by Theodosius p. 93. Maximus a friend of Gerontius is by him set up in Spain against Constantine the Vsurper p. 95. Mempricius one of Brutus his Council perswades him to hasten out of Greece p. 10. Mempricius and Malim succeed their Father Madan in the Kingdom p. 15. Mempricius treacherously slaying his Brother gets sole possession of the Kingdom reigns tyrannically and is at last devour'd by Wolves p. 15. Mellitus Justus and others sent with Austin to the Conversion of the Saxons p. 140. he converts the East-Saxons p. 142. S. Paul's Church in London built for his Cathedral by Ethelred as that of Rochester for Justus ibid. Mollo the Brother of Kedwalla pursu'd beset and burnt in a house whither he had fled for shelter p. 166. his death reveng'd by his Brother ibid. Morcar the Son of Algar made Earl of Northumberland in the room of Tosti p. 294. he and Edwin Duke of the Mercians put Tosti to flight p. 300. they give Battel to Harold Harfager King of Norwey but are put to the worst p. 302. they refuse to set up Edgar and at length are brought to swear fidelity to Duke William of Normandy p. 305. Mordred Arthur's Nephew said to have given him in a Battel his deaths wound p. 131. Morindus the Son of Elanius by Tanguestela a valiant man but infinitely cruel p. 25. Mulmutius see Dunwallo O. OCta and Ebissa call'd over by Hengist their Vncle p. 13. they possess themselves of that part of the Isle which is now Northumberland ibid. Oenus one in the Catalogue of ancient British Kings p. 28. Oeric or Oisc succeeds his Father Hengist in the Kingdom of Kent and from him the Kentish Kings call'd Oiscings p. 119. he is otherwise call'd Esca p. 127. Offa the Son of Siger quits his Kingdom of the East-Saxons to go to Rome and turn Monk with Kenred p. 169 170. 174. Offa defeating and slaying Beornred the Vsurper becomes King of Mercia after Ethelbald p. 176. he subdues a neighbouring people call'd Hestings p. 177. gets the Victory of Alric King of Kent at Occanford ibid. inviting Ethelbright King of the East-Angles to his Palace he there treacherously causeth him to be beheaded and seizeth his Kingdom p. 180. his at first enmity afterwards league with Charles the Great p. 181. he grants a perpetual Tribute to the Pope out of every house in his Kingdom ibid. he draws a Trench of wondrous length between Mercia and the British Confines his death ibid. Osbald a Nobleman exalted to the Throne of the Northumbrians after Ethelred p. 182. Osbert reigns in Northumberland after the last of the Ethelreds in the time of the Danish Invasion p. 193. Osbert and Ella helping the Picts against Donaldus King of Scotland put the Scots to flight at Sterlin-bridge with great slaughter and take the King prisoner p. 196. Osfrid and Eanfrid the Sons of Edwin converted and baptized p. 152. Osfrid slain together with his Father in a Battel against Kedwalla p. 153. Oslac and Cnebban two Saxon Earls slain by Keaulin at Wibbandun p. 128. Osmund King of the South-Saxons p. 176. Osred a Child succeeds Aldfrid in the Northumbrian Kingdom p. 169. he is slain by his kindred for his vicious life p. 170. Osred Son of Alcled advanc't to the Kingdom of Northumberland after Elfwald is soon driven out again p. 179. is taken and forcibly shaven a Monk at York p. 180. Osric the Son of Elfric baptiz'd by Paulinus succeeds in the Kingdom of Bernicia p. 154. turns Apostate and is slain by an Eruption of Kedwalla out of a besieg'd Town ibid. another Osric succeeds Kenred the second p. 170. Osric Earl of Southampton and Ethelwolf of Bark-shire beat the Danes back to their Ships p. 199. Ostorius sent Vice-praetor into Britain in the room of Plautius the Praetor p. 55. routs the Britans and improves his Victory to the best advantage p. 55 56. gives the Government of several Cities to Cogidunus a British King his Allie p. 56. defeats the Silures under the leading of Caractacus p. 57. Ostrid the Wife of Ethelred kill'd by her own Nobles p. 169. Oswald Brother of Eanfrid living exil'd in Scotland is there baptiz'd p. 154. with a small Army utterly overthrows Kedwalla ibid. settles Religion and very much enlarges his Dominions p. 155. overcome and slain in Battel by Penda at Maserfeild now Oswestre p. 156. Oswi succeeds his Brother Oswald in the Kingdom p. 156. he perswades Sigebert to receive the Christian Faith p. 159. he discomfits Penda's vast Army p. 160. he subdues all Mercia and the greatest part of the Pictish Nation p. 161. shaken off by the Persian Nobles and Wulfer set up in his stead ibid. his death p. 163. Oswin the Nephew of Edwin shares with Oswi in the Kingdom of Northumberland p. 157. coming to Arms with him he is over-match't and slain by his Command ibid. Oswulf hath the Crown of Northumberland relinquisht to him by Eadbert p. 176. slain by his own Servants p. 177. Otha succeeds Esca in the Kingdom of Kent p. 127. Otter and Roald two Danish Leaders landing in Devonshire their whole Forces are scatter'd and Roald slain p. 218. P. PAndrasus a Grecian King keeps the Trojans in servitude p. 7. is set upon and beaten by Brutus p. 8 9. Paulinus sent spiritual Guardian with Edelburga endeavours to convert Northumberland to Christianity p. 148. the manner of his winning King Edwin to embrace the Christian Religion p. 149 151. he converts the Province of Lindsey and Blecca the Governour of Lincoln and builds a Church in that City p. 152. Peada the Son of Penda and Prince of the Middle-Angles is baptized with all his Followers p.