stabb'd in the Senate and in the Chappel an admirable and lively Draught of the Resurrection Hence we were conducted into the Chambers which are Noble and Great and most richly Inlaid with the choicest Woods and Compose a very stately Gallery At the upper End of it is his Grace's Closet richly beautify'd with Indian Paint where there are various Figures of Birds as Drawn by the Native Indians Here stands a stately Looking-Glass which when you approach it reflects the whole Gallery back again and so deceives the Sight that the Walk seems to continue to the Eye though you have reach'd the Bounds of the Gallery The next Curiosity were the Gardens very delightful pleasant and stately adorn'd with exquisite Water Works the First we observe is Neptune with his Sea-Nymphs from whence by the turning of a Cock immediately issue forth several Columns of Water which seem'd to fall upon Sea-Weeds Not far from this is another Pond where Sea-Horses continually rowl and near to this stands a Tree composed of Copper which exactly resembles a Willow by the turning of a Cock each Leaf distils continually Drops of Water and lively represents a Shower of Rain From this we pass'd by a Grove of Cypress upon an Ascent and came to a Cascade at the Top of which stand Two Sea-Nymphs with each a Jarr under the Arm the Water falling thence upon the Cascade whilst they seem to squeeze the Vessels produces a loud rumbling Noise like what we may imagine of the Egyptian or Indian Cataracts At the Bottom of the Cascade there is another Pond in which is an Artificial Rose by turning of a Cock the Water ascends through it and hangs suspended in the Air in the Figure of that Flower There is another Pond wherein is Mercury pointing at the Gods and throwing up Water besides there are several Statues of Gladiators with the Muscles of the Body very lively display'd in their different Postures The Pile is not yet finish'd but will assuredly be a very compleat and magnificent Structure and worthy of so illustrious a Family Haddon-House is a stately Building with noble Gardens the Seat of the Right Honourable the Earl of Rutland and worthy the Sight of the Curious I shall now in the next place proceed to give an Account of the Earls of Derby the First of whom were the Peverels Earls of Nottingham and Derby as Mr. Cambden transmits it to us from good Authorities Afterwards King Richard the First gave and confirm'd to his Brother Iohn the County and Castle of Nottingham Lancaster Derby c. with the Honours belonging to them and the Honours of Peverel After him those of the Family of the Ferrars are allow'd to be Earls whom King Iohn created Earls of Derby with his own Hands but his Two Sons William and Robert in the Civil Wars were stripp'd of this Dignity and many Possessions of Robert were given by King Henry the Third to his younger Son Edmund and Edward the Third by Act of Parliament gave Henry of Lancaster the Son of Henry of Lancaster the Earldom of Derby to him and his Heirs and likewise assign'd him a Thousand Marks yearly during the Life of Henry his Father From that Time this Title continu'd in the Family of Lancaster till King Henry the Seventh bestow'd it upon Thomas Stanley who had not long before marry'd Margaret the King's Mother afterwards William the Sixth Earl of Derby of this Family a Man of great Worth and Honour enjoy'd it when the Author Mr. Cambden writ this William departing this Life Anno Dom. 1642. was succeeded by Iames his Son and Heir Eminent for his good Services to King Charles the First as was also his Excellent Lady Charlote who with a true Masculine Bravery sustain'd the Siege of Latham-House against the Parliament's Forces when my Grandfather Colonel Chisnell Commanded under her He receiv'd Two Commissions One from His Majesty King Charles the First for a Regiment of Horse the Other from his Highness Prince Rupert for a Regiment of Foot in which are these Expressions For the Desence of the True Protestant Religion by Law establish'd the Liberty and Property of the Subject and Defence of His Majesty's Person which is an invincible Argument of the Degeneracy of the contrary Party who wou'd calumniate these worthy Patriots with being Abettors of Popery and Arbitrary Power The worthy Earl after the Fight of Worcester being unfortunately taken in Cheshire was on the Fifteenth of October Beheaded at Bolton in Lancashire He was succeeded by his Son Charles and he by his Eldest Son and Heir William the present Earl he had Issue Iames Lord Strange by Elizabeth Grand-daughter of the late Duke of Ormond and Daughter to the late Earl of Ossory This young Gentleman in the ripening Bloom of his Years had all the Marks of a sweet Temper real Honour and solid Judgment that in those Years cou'd possibly be expected but to the unspeakable Loss of his Parents and the universal Sorrow of the whole Country he unfortunately died the last Year at Venice of the small Pox in the Course of his Travels The present Earl has now Two Brothers but no issue Male Persons of great affability true Conduct and Bravery as the World is sufficiently convinced of by their repeated Actions in Flanders in the Service of his present Majesty King William the Third Having thus far proceeded in the Antiquities of these Countries which unquestionably add to the Glory of them in laying before us the Regard the Romans had by erecting their Colonies and forming their Stations for the Security of these Parts of Britain it remains now for the Satisfaction of the Reader that I give him an Explanation of the Reverses of the Coins dug up in different Places here I pretend not hereby to add many to the numerous Catalogues collected and explained by the Care of preceding Antiquaries but that I may give what is due to these Parts of our Isle esteemed indeed obscure and barren by many one may by these Reverses form some Idaea's of the Extent of the Roman Empire and their wondrous Transactions carried on in those Times One thing is observable here that as it was an universal Custom in Egypt and China to deliver their Sentiments by Hieroglyphical Representations so in those Days the Roman Emperors were no less devoted to that Piece of Vanity I shall not observe any strict Method in the Successions of the Emperors but give you the Coins indifferently as they came to my Hands On the Reverse of one of Iulius Caesar's Coins was Mars with a Spear or Scutum or Target which doubtless denoted his Warlike Temper On one of Augustus Caesar's was Pallas with these following Letters DESID P. R. thus interpreted the Desire of the Roman People which sufficiently evidences to us the great Encouragement given to Learning in those Days at which Time it was those great Masters of Eloquence and Poetry flourished viz. Cicero Virgil Horace c. Others of his
Duke of Mercia and the Danes hitherto continu'd their Usurpations He was deposed from his Dukedom by King Canutus and that Part of the Kingdom of Mercia was afterwards govern'd by Earls commonly stiled the Earls of Chester Of the Earls of Chester Leofric the Son of Leofwin the Danes still continuing in these Parts was a great Lover of Chester and adorn'd it with several Buildings Algar the Son of Leofric succeeded him he died in the Year 1059 and was buried at Coventry Edwin the Son of Edgar succeeded him in his Earldom but after the Defeat of Harold by William the Conqueror the Saxon Nobility ended and this Earl was by the Conqueror carried into Normandy from whence he attempted to make his Escape into Scotland but was slain in his Journey thither as Hoveden testifies Gherbod a Fleming was the First Earl of Chester after the Conquest then Hugh Lupus had the Earldom and he was succeeded by Richard his Son Ranulph Nephew to Hugh Lupus succeeded him in the Earldom then Ranulph Son of the former Ranulph receiv'd that Dignity in 1141 was poisoned and succeeded by Hugh Kevelioc his Son then Ranulph the Third surnamed Blundevill succeeded his Brother Hugh John Scot Nephew to Ranulph succeeded him he likewise was poisoned died at Darnel Grange in the Hundred of Edsbury in Cheshire and was buried at Chester After his decease Henry the Third held that Earldom in his own Hands till he created Edward his Son Earl of that Palatinate Edward the First Son of Henry the Third succeeded him who mightily delighted in the Pleasantness of the City of Chester and for that Reason termed the Country the Vale-Royal of England he was succeeded by Simon de Montfort who was a Warrior as appears from his Battle at Lewes in Sussex wherein he defeated the King and afterwards receiv'd the Earldom of Chester he was slain at Evesham and his Honours return'd to the Crown in 1265. Edward the Second born at Carnarvan in Wales succeeded him he was Earl of Chester and Flint Edward the Third his Son was created Earl of Chester as likewise Prince of Wales and Duke of Aquitain Edward the Black Prince ensu'd next then Richard his Son born at Burdeaux likewise assum'd the Title of Prince of Chester as Wallingham testifies Henry the Fifth was after him Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester Henry the Sixth succeeded him in that Earldom the next Earl was Edward Son of Henry the Sixth he was murthered at Tewksbury by Richard Crouchback Edward the Fifth succeeded him who was likewise murthered by his Uncle Edward the Son of King Richard the Third was next Earl of Chester then Arthur Eldest Son to Henry the Seventh who was succeeded by Henry the Eighth his Brother afterward Edward the Sixth then Prince Henry Eldest Son of King James the First and he was succeeded by King Charles the First and he by Charles the Second his Eldest Son Thus it remains Titular to the Royal Family and for ought appears may continue so for a Series of endless Generations The Bishops of Mercia The Two First Bishops were Diama and Ceollah Two Scotch Men the Third was Tramkere an English Man but ordain'd by the Scots after him Iarnman or German as Bede relates it To these succeeded Bishops who had sometimes their Sees at Coventry sometimes at Chester but most commonly at Litchfield Those were all in the Saxon Government of whom there is a full Account in Ingulphus Bede and others The First after the Conquest was Petrus who removed his Seat from Litchfield to Chester but was afterwards alter'd by Robert Pecaam who had Three Seats Chester Litchfield and Coventry but the Episcopal Seat was again restor'd to Chester in King Henry the Eighth's Time and that of St. Werburgh appointed the Cathedral Church and the Bishop made a Suffragan of York The Catalogue of the Bishops after that Time may be seen at large in Godwin and others The Barons of Chester The First Barons we read of were Nigell Baron of Haulton Robert Baron de Mount Hault Seneschal or Steward of the County of Chester who dying without Issue it came to Isabell Queen of England by Settlement and Iohn de Eltham Earl of Cornwall and his Heirs thence to William de Malbedenge Baron of Malbanc whose Great Grand-daughters transferr'd this Inheritance by their Marriages to the Vernons and Bassetts and for want of an Heir Male to Vernon Baron of Sipbroke it came by the Sisters to the Willburhams Staffords and Littleburys Robert Fitz-Hugh Baron of Malpas Hammons de Massey Fittons de Bolin Gilbert Venables Baron of Kinderton Warrens of Pointon Barons of Stockport descended from the Noble Family of the Earls of Warren and Surrey succeeded in Right of Marriage I have not met with any farther Antiquities of Chester or the County but by what has already been discover'd we may assuredly conclude the City of Chester to have been the most Ancient and August Colony in these Parts Derbyshire especially the Peak which in the Saxon Language fignifies Eminence part of the famous Mercian Kingdom whose Inhabitants were call'd Coritani will afford us but a slender Scene of Antiquities the very Nature of the Place rendring it inhospitable to Mankind and at the same time indulgent to Wolves and Beasts of Prey yet withal we may with Admiration contemplate the Conduct of wife and provident Nature where amidst all this unpolish'd Rubbish of the Globe she her self sits in State and displays her Works equally compatible with the most desirable Objects Those uneven Mountains she has made pregnant with a very useful and necessary Mettal and as useful Minerals she has here and there scatter'd her Disports for the Diversion of the Curious and cut out large Themes for Philosophical Enquiries she liberally affords Hot and Mineral Waters for the Relief and Comfort of infirm and decrepid Mortals so that these untractable and dispeopl'd Parts become frequented with numerous Crouds who yearly arrive here either through a Prospect of Ease from their Pains and Infirmities or for the pleasing Entertainment of the Mind with new Objects of which these Parts are very prolifick I will as briefly as I can give you my Thoughts of what is most remarkable I have not heard of any Roman Antiquities save that Place call'd Little Chester mention'd by Mr. Cambden where Coins of several sorts and different Mettals are sometimes dug up some of Copper Silver and Gold and an Altar mention'd by Mr. Gibson dug up near Bakewell in the Grounds belonging to Haddon House the present Seat of the Right Honourable the Earl of Rutland with this Inscription DEO MARTI BRACIACAE OSITIUS CAECILIAN PRAEFECT TRO V. S. As to the Tooth Skull and Bones found in digging a Grove mention'd by Mr. Gibson I have spoke of such Forms before and take them to be only the Lusus Naturae in Sparr and other indurated Bodies which unquestionably at the first were all fluid and capable of any Impression We
seems were for the Preservation of the Memory of Two Centuriont that had so many Years faithfully and worthily served the Romans there In the Year 1692 under the Root of an Oak in Med-Lock near Knot-Mill was found a Stone Three Quarters long Fifteen Inches broad Eleven Inches thick with the Letter'd side downward which Mr. Cambden saw not at least before the Finishing his Britania but is now to be seen in the Garden of Holme the Seat of Sir Iohn Bland Bar to whom that Estate descended the same formerly belonging to the Moseley's in Right of his Wife a Lady of great Temper Piety and Prudence The Inscription of the Stone is thus FORTVNAE CONSERVA TRICI LVCIVS SENACIANIVS MARTIVSBLEG VI. VICT. This seems to be an Altar dedicated to Fortune by Lucius Senecianus Martius Brutus a Commander in the Sixth Legion which remained in York in the Time of Severus his being there after he had vanquished Albinus General of the Britains and reduced their State under his Obedience It was surnamed Victrix and is plac'd by Dio in Lower Britain and the Twentieth Legion surnamed also Victrix remain'd at Chester which was plac'd in Higher Britain This Division it seems was made by the said Severus and the Country about it where these Legions were were divided into little Regions since call'd Hydes This was part of the Kingdom of Deiara several of whose Youth being sent to Rome and Pope Gregory admiring their Beauty sent over Augustine to convert the English Edward the First King of the West Saxons and afterwards of the Mercians sent into the Kingdom of the Northumbers an Army of the Mercians saith Hoveden ordering that they should fortifie the City of Manchester and place valiant Soldiers in it it being defac'd by the Danes It was a Frontier Town betwixt the Mercians that inhabited Cheshire and Derbyshire and the Northumbers inhabiting Lancashire and Yorkshire and in their Wars and mutual Incursions was sometimes possessed by the Mercians and sometimes the Northumbers Thus far our Author proceeds As to the present State of the Town it is vastly populous of great Trade Riches and Industry particularly for the Fustian Manufacture and Printing them as for those likewise which are call'd Manchester Wares both which are now sent all over the Kingdom as well as to the Indies It is watered by the Rivers Erwell and Irke Little can be added of Lancaster for Antiquity save that it was doubtless a Roman Fortress as appears by the Roman Wall and Road leading to it it is at this time a very thriving Corporation and an improving Port Its Eminency chiefly lies in this that many Branches of the Royal Family have enjoy'd Titles deriv'd from it which for the Dignity of the County in general I will enumerate as briefly as possible The First that was stiled Lord of the Place in the Beginning of the Norman Government was Roger of Poictou surnamed Pictarensis because his Wife came out of Poictou in France He was succeeded in that Honour by William Earl of Morton and Warren upon whose Death King Richard the First bestow'd it on his Brother Iohn afterwards King of England of whom Gualter De Hemingford and R. Hoveden gives this Account That King Richard shew'd great Affection to his Brother Iohn for besides Ireland and the Earldom in Normandy he bestow'd upon him such great Preferment in England that he was in a manner Tetrarch there For he gave him Cornwall Lancaster Nottingham and Derby with the adjacent Country and many other Things After this King Henry III. Son of King Iohn promoted his younger Son Edmund Crouchback he having been prevented of the Kingdoms of Sicily and Apuleia to the Earldom of Lancaster giving it in these Words The Honour Earldom Castle and Town of Lancaster with the Cow-Pastures which at this Day they call Vaccaries from thence and Forest of Wiresdale Lownsdale New-Castle under Lime with the Mannor Forest and Castle of Pickering the Mannor of Scateby the Village of Gormancester and the Rents of the Town of Huntingdon Edmund had Issue Thomas Henry and Iohn who died unmarried which Thomas was Second Earl of Lancaster and was succeeded in that Honour by his Brother Henry whose Son Henry was in Parliament created Duke of Lancaster being the Second Dukedom that was erected in England that of Cornwall being the First in the Person of Edward the Black Prince and left Two Daughters Maud Dutchess of Bavaria and Blanch married to Iohn of Gaunt so call'd because he was born at Ghent in Flanders Fourth Son of Edward the Third who thereby coming to the whole Estate and being now equal to many Kings in Wealth was created Duke of Lancaster by his Father he also obtain'd the Royalties from him and the King then advanced the County of Lancaster into a Palatinate By this Rescript wherein after he had declar'd the great Service he had done his Country at Home and Abroad he adds We have granted from Us and our Heirs to our Son aforesaid that he during his Term of Life shall have within the County of Lancaster his Chancery and his Writs to be issued out under his own Seal belonging to the Office of Chancellor his Justices likewise as well for Pleas of the Crown as for other Pleas relating to Common Law to have Cognizance of them and to have Power of making all Executions whatsoever by his Writs and Officers and to have all other Liberties and Royalties whatsoever appertaining to a County Palatine as freely and fully as the Earl of Chester within the said County is known to have Nor was he only Duke of Lancaster but by Marriage with Constantia Daughter to Peter King of Castile sometime bore the Title of King of Leon and Castile but by Contract he parted with this Title and in the Thirteenth of King Richard the Second was created Duke of Aquitaine by Consent of Parliament to the great Dissatisfaction of the Country At that Time his Titles were Iohn Son to the King of England Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster Earl of Derby Lincoln and Leicester and High Steward of England After this Henry de Bullingbrook his Son succeeded in the Dutchy of Lancaster who having deposed Richard the Second obtained the Crown and conferr'd that Honour upon Henry his Son afterwards King of England and that he might entail it upon him and his Heirs for ever he had an Act of Parliament made in these Words We being unwilling that our said Inheritance or Liberties by reason of our now assuming the Regal Seat and Diguity shou'd be any ways chang'd transferr'd diminish'd or impair'd but that our said Inheritance with its Liberties and Rights aforesaid shou'd in the same Manner and Form Condition and State wherein they descended and fell to us and also with all and singular Liberties Franchizes and Priviledges Commodities and Profits whatsoever which our Lord and Father in his Life-time had and held it for term of his Life by Grant of the late King Richard and wholly
Lancashire received their Denominations from that People by an easie Corruption As to the Kings of Mercia who were Governours of this Province in that famous Heptarchy of the Saxons the first of the Royal List is by Hollingshead call'd Crida who left it to his Son Wibba Anno Dom. 595 this King had Wars with the Northumbers and slaughter'd Twelve Hundred Monks at Bangor Anno Dom. 604 as is manifest from the Computation made by Henry of Huntington and Bede's Ecclesiastical History This City till now was in the Possession of the Britains but their King being defeated it fell into the Hands of the Northumbers as Malmesbury testifies but as Sir Henry Spelman observes they were stopped by the British Forces under the Command of Bledrick Duke of Cornwall Manaduc Duke of South Wales and Cadwan Duke of North Wales who slew Ten Thousand of their Soldiers and forced them to retreat to their own Country North of Trent Cadwan was now crown'd King in the City of Chester as Dr. Powel Gyraldus in his Description of Wales and Dr. Llwyd affirm Ceolus Brother of Wibba was the next Mercian King and Penda the Son of Wibba succeeded him Anno Dom. 625. He was a great Warrior and succeeded by Peada the Son of Penda Anno Dom. 655. he married Alfleda Daughter of Oswy upon Condition he would turn Christian as Florentinus testifies and was baptized by Finanus in the King of Northumberland's Palace Afterwards he founded the stately Abby of Peterborough he was succeeded by King Oswey as Bede relates who was dethroned by Three Captains Immin Eada and Eadberht and Wulferus fixed on the Mercian Throne he was the second Son of Penda and began his Reign 658 In the Beginning of his Reign he was unfortunate but at length gain'd the chief Rule over the Saxons Etheldred succeeded him A. D. 676 in the Kingdom of Mercia this Prince changed his Crown into a Cowl and became a Monk in the Abby of Bardny in Lincolnshire as the Monast. Angl. informs us Upon this Resignation of the Throne Kenred the Son of Wulfer ascended it He took a Journey to Rome A. D. 709 became one of the Religious and died there Cheldred the Son of Etheldred succeeded next in 716 and was buried at Litchfield in Staffordshire Ethelbald the Son of Alwey the Son of Eoppa the Son of Wibba began his Reign the same Year of our Lord as appears by the Saxon Annals he laid the Foundation of and gave a Charter to the Abby of Crowland in Lincolnshire he was powerful in Arms and lead a great Army against Somerton Castle Six Miles from Glastenbury in Somersetshire An. 757 he was slain at Sekinton in Warwickshire and buried at Repton in Derbyshire his Death was brought about by his own Subjects especially Bernred who succeeded him in the Mercian Kingdom He lost his Kingdom to Offa his Successor for his Parentage and Progeny not being known the Legality of his Right was suspected so he was deposed and afterwards burnt after his Engagment with Offa Egfrid the Son of King Offa succeeds him whose Reign was One Hundred and Forty One Days he was buried at St. Alban's and succeeded by Kenulph in Seven Hundred and Ninty Six In his Reign Egbert King of the West Saxons wasted the Welsh Territories and took the City of Chester from them he died in the Fourth Year of his Reign and was buried at Winchcomb in Gloucestershire An. Eight Hundred and Twenty as Malmsbury testifies Kenelm succeeded him an Infant and he as Ingulph reports died a Martyr Some say he was murthered and buried at Clent in Staffordshire Ceoluph was expelled his Kingdom by Bernulf who was an Usurper and began his Reign An. Eight Hundred and Twenty Two he was slain in the Fourth Year of his Reign by the East Angles Ludican his Kinsman began his Reign in 826 and he likewise was slain in Battle by the East Angles Whitnaff of the Mercian Blood Royal was chosen King before he understood Martial Discipline he was overthrown in a Battle by Egbert's Captains and absconded in a Monastery as Huntington testifies he died in Eight Hundred and Forty and was buried at Repton in Derbyshire Bertulph Brother of Whitnaff by Permission of the Saxon Monarch obtained the Mercian Kingdom An. Eight Hundred and Forty Eight In the Year Eight Hundred and Forty Nine King Alfred was born in the Third Year of whose Age the Danes came into the Mouth of the Thames with Three Hundred and Fifty Nine Ships with whom Bertulph had an unhappy Engagement as Hoveden testifies he died in Eight Hundred and Fifty Three In that Year Burthred ascended the Mercian Throne and was assaulted by the Danes This King died at Rome and was buried in the Church of the English Colledge there dedicated to the Virgin Mary Selulfe a Servant of his was substituted by the Danes in his Room in Eight Hundred and Seventy Five and bound by Oath to keep Possession in their Name as the Saxon Annals assure us He commanded the Danish Army against King Alfred An. Eight Hundred and Seventy Seven In the Year Eight Hundred and Eighty Six after King Alfred had overpower'd his Enemies he made Etheldred Duke of Mercia and Captain of his Forces in the City of London and so the Mercian Kingdom ended and instead of Kings the noble Alfred substituted Dukes under him to Govern it which happen'd in the Year 886 as Matthew of Westminster testifies it having continued under the Reign of Twenty Two Kings from King Crida Of the Dukes of Mercia Etheldred one of the Race of the Kings of Mercia being constituted Duke he married Elfleda the Daughter of Alfred The Danes in 894 took the City of Chester but were therein besieged and reduced to great Streights and they quitted it in 908 as Matthew of Westminster affirms This Duke and his Lady Repaired the City of Chester and Wall'd it about he was buried at Gloucester Afterwards Elfled ruled and built Edesbury once a famous City now nothing but Rubbish It is at this Day call'd the Chamber of the Forest. Near this Place are many Fortifications and Fosses she made Wars upon the Britains at the Castle of Brecknock took it and therein their Queen and Thirty Three Prisoners She had a War with the Danes at Derby assaulted the Castle and took it She died at Tamworth the Thirteenth of July and was buried in the Porch of St. Peter Elswina the Daughter of Etheldred succeeded her An. 919. The City of Chester in 941 was surprized by the Welsh and won again by King Edward the Elder whose Fifth Son Edward married this Elswina as Matthew of Westminster testifies who was Mother to King Edgar At this Time the Danes still usurped some Parts of England Alfarus was the next Duke of Mercia Alfric the Son of Alfar succeeded him in 986 who when he shou'd have engag'd the Danish Army counterfeited an Infirmity to the Dishonour of the Nation Edrick the Son of Egilricus was the Sixth