Selected quad for the lemma: son_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
son_n	brother_n	nephew_n	wife_n	17,822	5	10.3046	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

all places to pay their Devotions because they say the Sun and Moon came out of the said Cave to lighten the World Their absurd Opinion of the Deceased Much after the same absurd rate is their Opinion of the Deceased for they suppose that they range through Woods and Forrests in the Night eat of a Fruit call'd Guannaba and steal to the Embraces of Women in Moon-shiny Nights A Traveller say they if he be frighted at the appearance of a deceased Person great inconveniences will certainly attend him but if he goes stoutly towards it then the Goblin vanishes These Delusions are made great Mysteries amongst them and contain'd in Songs which their Priests Boiti Sing to a kind of Tabor made of a piece of hollow Wood pretending that they have familiar Conversation with the Zemes concerning future things Their Ceremonies about their Sick Their Ceremonies about their sick especially if Persons of Quality are likewise very remarkably odd and conceited First they chew a strong kind of Herb call'd Cohobba with which having sufficiently intoxicated their Brains they foam at the Mouth and run with a Stone and a piece of Flesh in their Mouths to the sick Person whose Family they drive all out of Doors except one or two whose presence the Patient requires then the Boiti walks four times about the sick Person 's Bed making strange Gestures pinching his Lips and Nose blowing upon his Forehead Throat and Temples and sucking several parts of his Body alledging that thereby he draws the Distemper out of the Veins after that he chafes and rubs his Shoulders Thighs and Legs and ties his Hands and Feet together then running to the Door proclaims That the Sick in a short time shall be restor'd to his former Health which said he returns with his Arms stretch'd out towards the sick Person takes the piece of Flesh out of his Mouth which he gives him backwards saying You shall rise and go forth in Health for I have taken away your Sickness But if he judges the Distemper not curable he makes the Sick believe that Zemes is displeas'd with him because he did not build a House for him or consecrate a Garden to him or in some respect or other did not worship him as he ought to have done When the Soul departs out of the Body they conjure the Body with many Adjurations to reveal whether it died according to God's decree or through neglect of the Boiti as not having sanctifi'd himself enough by Fasting when he went first to the Sick or not prescrib'd sufficient Medicines wherefore if as they say the Devil answers them from the Mouth of the Deceased that the Boiti did not perform his due Office then the nearest Friends revenge themselves on the Boiti but if otherwise then they are highly esteem'd amongst them The Women taking the Stones which the Boiti kept in his Mouth wrap them up in a fine Cloth as a holy Relique supposing that they will much facilitate their Child-birth Their manner of Consulting with their Zemes. The Casiques desirous to know future Events of War or whether the approaching Years will be fruitful go into a Chappel consecrated to the Zemes and snuff the intoxicating Herb Cohobba up their Nostrils whereupon they break out into loud Exclamations and some kind of strange extravagant Actions till the power of the Cohobba begins to decay and the Frenzie cease then coming again to their Senses they bow their Heads and lay their Elbows on their Knees in which posture they sit for a considerable time then lifting up their Eyes they yawn as if they they came from sleep then they mutter to themselves whilest their Retinue which stand about them for no common Person is suffer'd to be there thank them with a loud Voice for the pains they have been at in discoursing with the Zemes then the Casiques begin to declare what hath been reveal'd to them viz. whether they shall be fortunate in the Wars or not whether it will be a fruitful or unfruitful healthy or sickly Year Moreover Gossipping at the Birth of the Casique's Children the neighboring Governors visit the Women in Child-bed and every one gives the Child a peculiar Name from whence it happens that one Man hath oftentimes forty Names and is highly incens'd if any one of them chances to be forgot in any Writing directed to him Manner of Succession Their manner of Succession in Government is not unremarkable for not the eldest Heir-male of the Family but first the King or Casique's Brother if he have any and after his Decease the eldest of the Sisters Inherits the Realm or Seigniorie if the Sisters have no Male-issue then the Brothers Sons Inherit and in case they have no Male-heir then the next of Blood whether Male or Female but if the Prince or Casique dies without Children Nephews or other near Relations the next in Power in the Countrey Inherits and Marries as many Wives as he pleases of which she that he loves best is burn'd alive in her best Apparel with her Husband when he dies and near the Corps stands a Cup of Water and some of the Bread Cazabi There are several Languages in Hispaniola Languages but differing from each other for in the Province Bainoa they have a different both Pronunciation and Dialect from that in Caizimu In the said Province of Caizimu is a very remarkable Rock or vast Stone to be seen at the Foot of a high Mountain and underneath the said Stone is a great Cave into which they go through a large Passage not unlike a Temple Door near which conjoyn many deep Rivers with such a Noise and Foam that they lose both their Sight and Hearing whoever approach the same An Example of the Bainoan Language Of the Language of the Province Bainoa Peter Martyr gives us this Specimen The Wife of a Casique says he went to Prayers in a Chappel which was built by the Spaniards at her Return from whence her Husband desiring to enjoy her she refusing said Teitoca teitoca techeta Cynato guammechina that is to say Be contented Be contented God would be highly incens'd to which the Casique answer'd Gnaibba Cynato machabucha guamechyna that is What care I if God be angry Since the Spaniards had first possession of this Island The taking of St. Domingo by Sir Fran. Drake it hath been twice Invaded by the English the first time under the Conduct of Sir Francis Drake who took the Town of San Domingo staid in it a good while and could if he had pleas'd have totally dispossess'd the Spaniards the second time under Colonel Venables sent thither by Oliver Cromwell during his usurp'd Dominion at which time it might as easily have been taken as at first had not the Business been rashly and indiscreetly manag'd as shall presently be declar'd more at large The first Expedition of Sir Francis Drake hath been already hinted but for the memorableness of that

the Labors of his Subjects for nothing Their several sorts of Tribute from conquer'd Countreys When at any time he conquer'd a Countrey by force of Arms he made them pay three several sorts of Tribute the first was bestow'd in religious Offices Each Guaca or Chappel receiv'd also a Revenue from the late conquer'd Countreys the Fruit of which serv'd for Offerings to their chief God Pachayachachu the Sun their Thunderer Chuquilla and to the Souls of the Deceased and for Food for the Priests The Religion through the whole Realm agreed with that which was observ'd in Cusco But the second Tribute fell to the Inga's Family or Relation and Soldiers Those who Till'd the Inga's Ground Sung before him in Festival Clothes That which could not be spent in the Court was laid up in Store-houses for ten years together against a scarcity should happen Aged People Widows and such as were decrepid paid no Tribute The third part was for the Poor which had every Year a piece of Ground allow'd them to make use of as they pleas'd In unfruitful Years they receiv'd an Allowance out of the Store-houses before mention'd Their Provision for the Poor So likewise the Pasture Meadows and Arable Land was order'd for three several Uses one third for religious Uses a second for the Inga's and the last for the Poor The Sheep being shorn on a certain Day yielded the Poor a certain quantity of Wooll to make them Clothes As soon as any Beast grew Mangy which the Peruvians call'd Carache they burnt them alive so to prevent the spreading of it farther Those that belong'd to the Inga's Family wore all Clothes made of the finest Wooll and the coursest call'd Tabasca was distributed among the Vulgar Their Industry Besides this good Order of Government it is wonderful to observe the Peruvians manner of Living each learning from their Infancy not onely a Trade but all things which they accounted necessary in House-keeping as Weaving Tilling of Land building of Houses and making of Tools requisite for both so that they never made use of one another on any Account Moreover Master Artists who work'd more for Pleasure than Gain dwelt apart being Silver-smiths Painters Musicians and Dancers Their Habits Their Habits were heretofore of one fashion through the whole Realm onely the Covering of their Head were several by which the People of one Countrey were distinguish'd from the other according to an inviolable Law made many Ages since some therefore wore thin Caps others broad Pleits others little Hats others round Bonnets others woven Caps and the like Their Post-Stages Their Post-Stages call'd Chasquis were little Houses each standing a League and a half from one another wherein dwelt certain Officers who with extraordinary speed convey'd the Inga's Letters from one Chasquis to the other after which manner in two days time they convey'd a Letter a hundred Leagues But since the Spaniards conquer'd this Countrey that Convenience was lost till the tenth Peruvian Vice-Roy Martin Enriques re-establish'd the same for he allow'd a Sallary to those Posts that they might with speed convey all Letters and Packets from one to the other being distant according to his Establishment four Leagues Their severe Laws against Malefactors Lastly the Ingas maintain'd strict Laws in criminal Affairs for as they did not neglect to encourage noble Atchievements for whoe're had done a valiant Act in the Wars was made Governor of a Countrey or had a certain quantity of Land given him or Married one of the Inga's Family so likewise they severely punish'd all Malefactors for Murderers Thieves and Adulterers suffer'd Death without Mercy yet they allow'd store of Concubines and it was free for any one to Lie with his Neighbor's Concubine but Death to have to do with any Man 's lawful Wife who were serv'd by the Concubines Their Marriages When a Bridegroom Betrothed himself to his Bride he gave her and put them on himself a pair of Shoes call'd Ajota not unlike those of a grey Fryer which were lin'd with Cotton if she were a Maid but with Leaves if a Widow who nevertheless being generally younger than the Man was to Mourn a whole year in Black for her deceased Husband till the expiration of which time she was not to Marry another Governors of Provinces and other Officers of State receiv'd their Wives from the Ingas who enquiring out the beautifullest and most accomplish'd Virgins they could hear of put the Ajota on their Feet and gave them to such Persons as they most fancied after which if they committed Adultery they were certainly put to death The Marrying of Brothers and Sisters was also forbid till the Inga Topa Yupangui Father to Guaynacava broke that Law by Marrying his own Sister Mamoello and made ah Order that the Ingas onely should have that liberty nay when he lay on his Death-bed he strictly charg'd his Son Guaynacava to take his own Sister Goya Cuissilmay to Wife and this incestuous Marriage produc'd Huascar and Attabaliba though some say Attabaliba was begotten on a Concubine in whose time the Peruvian Kingdom went to ruine Guaynacava also permitted the common People to Marry their Sisters of the Fathers side but not of the Mothers Their manner of living The Peruvian Houses were antiently for the most part light and small and for their Table they made but little preparation satisfying themselves with a little Beer made of Rice Bread bak'd of Maiz dry'd Flesh Fish and Roots In their Wars they us'd Slings Darts Arrows Lances Pikes Halberds Pole-Axes and Shields Their Funerals Their Funerals were also solemnly kept especially those of Persons of Quality the Corps was carried out on a brave Chair from which he was put into the Ground with two of his Concubines whom he best affected and also three Servants Gold and Silver Vessels Maiz and the Liquor Chica which the nearest Relation spurted into his Mouth through a Cane all which they did that the Deceased might make use thereof in the other World But before the Funeral the Relations Mourn'd over the Corps several days and after the Body was Interr'd they plac'd the Picture of the Deceased upon the Grave but the meaner sort of People had the Tools belonging to their Trade and Soldiers their Arms plac'd on the same The various Idolatry of the Peruvians This kind of Idolatry was common to the Peruvians with several other Nations of the antient Heathens as hath been before observ'd which made them mock at the Spaniards when they told them of a Crucifi'd Saviour saying they had a splendid God who appear'd to them in glory every Morning In the third Temple near the River Taciquaque in Peru which exceeded the other two they worshipp'd Thunder by the Name of Chuquilla Catuilla and Intillapa which the Peruvians believ'd to be a Man that Commanded the Air and who being Arm'd with a Club and Sling throws down Rain Hail and Snow from the Clouds

To make Peace and Alliance with mighty Princes was the true Foundation of wise Government But the Pope must needs be senseless devoy'd of all reason and withal highly unjust to give away what was none of his own viz. other mens Kingdoms in which he never had the least or smallest concern Moreover he would not desert that Religion which he and his Ancestors had maintain'd so many Ages and the rather because there are no apparent or sufficient Testimony of the truth of Christianity The latter clause was thus answer'd saying This Book O King which I hold in my hand proves and declares all that you question Attabaliba looking upon it turn'd it over Leaf by Leaf then look'd more intentively upon the Print which done he clap'd it to either Ear and at last as altogether unsatisfi'd in disdainful manner threw it away But Pizarro gaining time while the King and Bishop thus discours'd had drawn his Men in Battel-Array his sixty Horse he divided into three Wings Commanded by his three Brothers Ferdinand John and Gonzalvo Pizarro left the Captains Sotto and Bavalcazar in an Ambuscade Peter de Canada march'd in the Van and he himself in the main Body leaving Sotto in the Rear The two Captains Sotto and Peter del Baro being sent away to that purpose met after some days Journey with one of Attabaliba's Leaders who was bringing the King's Brother Guascar with a Party Prisoner to Caxamalca Guascar had now a fair opportunity to crave assistance of the Spaniards telling them that he and Attabaliba were the Sons of Guaynacava so that the Kingdom was to be divided betwixt both But Attabaliba had by force made himself Master of all whereas he being the youngest ought to be satisfi'd with that share which Guascar being the eldest would assign him for the right of Inheritance belong'd justly to him and yet he was carry'd away bound to slaughter But if Pizarro would do justice in delivering him out of his Brothers bloody Hands he would raise him thrice as much Gold as Attabaliba had promis'd To which purpose he desir'd Sotto and Baro to put off their Journey to Cusco which they not daring to do went on their way Burns his Brother Guascar alive and Guascar descending the Valley Sucsuhuana was burnt alive by Attabaliba's Soldiers Mean while Almagro came with fresh Forces to Taxamalca which occasion'd no small trouble in Pizarro who was onely thirsty after Gold On the other side Almagro as greedy grew jealous that Pizarro should keep the promis'd Hall full of Gold for himself and he should have no share because Attabaliba was his Prisoner therefore he earnestly desir'd that Attabaliba might privately be made away and that the Booty might be divided to one as well as the other An incredible sum of Money given to the Soldiers Pizarro to prevent all inconveniencies that might happen from his dissenting gave in the presence of the King to every private Soldier a thousand Duckets in Gold and six thousand five hundred twenty five Silver Crowns the inferior Officers receiv'd four and thirty thousand Crowns and the others sixty thousand the fifth part of the Booty he reserv'd for the Emperor And notwithstanding Attabaliba perform'd his promise in filling the Hall full of Gold yet he had the sentence of Death pronounc'd against him neither would his excuse of Innocency serve or his Requests to be sent to Spain there to clear himself before the Emperor but sighing and lamenting his misfortunes was ty'd to a Post and Strangled in the presence of Pizarro Attabaliba strangled For whose Death though a Heathen Divine Vengeance pursu'd these cruel and unjust Arbitrators that thus made their Will a Law none of them dying a natural Death Moreover it was observ'd that a few days before this Execution a blazing Star appear'd which Attabaliba seeing presaging sadly of himself said That a great Prince would die in a short time but Pizarro's chief pretences for the Kings just suffering was that he had cruelly murder'd his Brother Guascar But this was a meer blind for that that incens'd them against Attabaliba was that he knowing where the unvaluable treasure lay which Guascar had bury'd would not discover it to them Attabaliba before his death desir'd that he might be bury'd in the Territory Quito by his Father Guaynacava whom the Peruvians for his great Justice and Prudence in Government believed that he would arise and settle the World so troubled and full of disorder in peace and quiet The Corps was accordingly carry'd thither in great State after their manner Cruelty of Ruminagui attended by his Brother whom Illescas Ruminagui which ran from Attabaliba in the Battel where he lay in ambush when he might have done them good service in the way to his entertainment receiv'd with all shews of sorrow but when they were feasted to excess bury'd in sleep and Wine he Massacred and flea'd Illescas the Kings Brother alive and made a Taber of his Skin Whilst Attabaliba's Funeral was thus bloodily solemniz'd Pizarro puts Quizquiz to slight his General Quizquiz rais'd a great Army which Pizarro encountring after a valiant resistance totally routed then marching victoriously to Cusco And takes Cusco he saw great Fires in the City and the Citizens fighting with the Spaniards sent before but the Horse breaking in upon them most of them fled the next morning to the Mountains Thus the Spaniards became Masters of the City where they inflicted the most cruel tortures on all Sexes by that means to force them to discover if they knew of any hidden Treasures being not satisfi'd with what they found there although they had gotten a greater Treasure in Cusco than that that they had extorted from Attabaliba before Unvaluable Treasures taken Nay they gave those that were murther'd for Food to their Dogs Among the rest Didacus Salazar having a very fierce Dog call'd Bezerril had also an old Indian Woman his Prisoner to whom he gave a Letter to deliver to the General Pizarro the Woman had not gone many Paces before the was set upon by Bezerril whom Salazar let loose that he might delight himself in seeing the Dog tear the poor old Woman but she observing him come runing at her with so great fierceness fell down upon her Knees and holding forth the Letter Remarkable passage of a Dog cry'd Good my Lord good my Lord Dog I must carry this Letter to General Pizarro whereupon the furious Curr having more compassion than the Spaniard stood still a little and at last lifted up his Leg in a scornful manner Urin'd upon her and returned satisfi'd at which sportive behavior of the Cur and the Chrone Salazar laughing was so well pleas'd that he gave the Woman her life Almagro's unhappy Journey After Cusco had been sufficiently Plunder'd Pizarro made Almagro Governor thereof with the Territories belonging to it and built near the River Lima a Town King's Town which they call'd Los Reyes Mean

Ground The Men dying of their hard Labour in the Gold-Mines and those which endur'd stoutly the cruel Labour under Ground were never suffer'd to go to their Wives from whence proceeded a great decrease of People the Spaniards seeming purposely to design the destruction of the Natives of Hispaniola though they receiv'd great benefit by their Service for Gold in former times was found between the Cracks and split Stones of the Mountains whose Veins the Mine-workers digg'd for not without great and dangerous Labour First original of the People of Hispaniola The first Planters of Hispaniola are according to the common opinion deriv'd from Matinio a high and Mountainous Isle from whence the most eminent Inhabitants were driven by certain Rebels as formerly the Syrians under the Government of Dido were driven from Tyre to Lybia and the Batavians from Hessen to the Countrey between Rhyne and Wall at present inhabited by the Gelders and Hollanders These Matininoensians thus expell'd from their native Countrey setled themselves on Cahonao near the River Bahaboni The first House they call'd Camoteia and afterwards turn'd it into a Temple to which they shew'd Reverence and made great Presents In like manner the Tyema which stood on a high Rock belonging to one of the Canary Islands was by the antient Inhabitants of the Place had in great veneration insomuch that many leap'd down from the same being perswaded by the Priests That the Souls of those which threw themselves off this sacred Break-neck should immediately be translated into a place of everlasting happiness The antient Name of this Island This Island was as we said before first call'd Haity which signifies Wild because in many places it swells with wondrous high Mountains and in other places is over-grown with great Woods it was afterwards by the antient Inhabitants nam'd Xusqueia that is Unmeasurably great because they suppos'd it to be the whole World and that the Sun shin'd in no other place Indian Songs or Ballads call'd Areitos The Natives of this Island though wholly rude of acquir'd Knowledge or Literature like the generality of the Americans yet they took care to instruct their Children in the Original and Antiquities of their Countrey and the Wars and Exploits of their Predecessors both which they contain'd in Songs call'd Areitos which they us'd to Sing to the sound of Drums and Trumpets but especially their Persons of chiefest Quality study'd most these Areitos and exercis'd themselves in Dancing Strange Prediction of the Spaniards Arrival The most remarkable of these antient Areitos were such as pretended to prophesie of things to come which if of sad consequence were Sung very mournfully and with many Sighs nor were they always however inspir'd without effect as appear'd at last by woful event for long before the Spaniards Landed on Hispaniola it was foretold by one of them that Maguacochios signifying Clothed People should Land on Hispaniola who with sharp Weapons should cut off Heads and Arms and under whose insupportable Yoke their Successors must spend their days without hope of ever being releas'd It might be disputed whether these Predictions were dictated by good or evil Spirits but it is generally believ'd that all their Oracles whether hapning true or false were suggested by diabolical Spirits to the Priests who commonly convers'd with them and that these Spirits knew the Design of several People to discover new Countreys The Images of their Zemes. Their Images Zemes stuff'd full of Cotton were fashion'd into very frightful Shapes and might pass for those things which we call Terricula or Bugbears of which some were made very small and those they ty'd on their Foreheads when they went to the Wars Every Governor had a peculiar Zemes to whom he shew'd Reverence in return whereof he expected Rain fair Weather and to conquer his Enemies supposing him to be a Messenger of a perpetual and endless Being by them call'd Jocauna Guamaonocon whom nevertheless they suppos'd to have a Mother to whom they gave five Names viz. Attbeir Mamona Guacarapita Liella and Guimazoa The Islanders Opinion of the Creation Their opinion of Man's Creation was thus They say that out from a Mountain in the Province Cuanana out of certain small and great Caverns therein came little and great People The biggest Hole call'd Cazibaragua and the little one nam'd Amaiauna were said to be lock'd up every Night that none might pass the Sentinel Machchael who out of curiosity leaving the Mountain Cuata and going up into the Countrey was discover'd by the Sun whose Beams he not being able to endure was turn'd into a Rock The like Mischance hapned to many others who in the dark Night going to Fish in the Morning at their Return were chang'd into Oaken Trees onely one of the Fishermen Was sent away by the chief Commander Vaguoniana who moved at the Complaint of a Nightingale's Singing suffer'd all the Men to go into the Hole and the Women and Children he Transported to Matinino But to make short of these non-sensical Stories in conclusion the Men being let out of their Caves saw many strange Beasts amongst the Woods which being turn'd into Women Were entertain'd by them and brought forth a numerous Progeny which spread over all Hispaniola Their foolish Opinion of the Original of the Sea No less ridiculous an Account do the Priests give concerning the Original of the Sea Viz. That Jaia a mighty Man buried the Body of his deceased Son in a Pumpion which some Moneths after out of meer affection to the Deceased he cutting open abundance of Whales sprung out of it This Wonder being every where known amongst others entic'd four Brothers born at one Birth whose Mother died in Childbed to get the Pumpion into their possession which their Design prov'd successful but afterwards struck with a pannick fear of Jaia's coming thithither who oftentimes came to mourn over the Bones of his dead Son they fled and threw away the Pumpion which breaking with the fall the Sea gush'd out of all places thereof and cover'd the Plains in such a manner that nothing of them was seen onely the tops of the highest Mountains appear'd at which the four Brothers terribly afrighted rang'd through barren Desarts in which they had died of Hunger had they not come to a Baker's House which one of them entring ask'd for Cazabi but the Baker denying them Bread spit on them which caus'd a mortal Dropsie which the Brothers upon consultation found no way to cure but by cutting a hole in the Skin with a sharp Stone and to let out the Water but out of each running Wound sprung a Woman who bare them four Sons and four Daughters The Cave Jovana-beina There is a certain Cave call'd Jovana-beina which is adorn'd with a thousand Pictures in great esteem amongst them at the Entrance on each side whereof stands a Zemes that on the right side is call'd Binthaitelles the other Marobur to which they come from

taken Prisoner out of vexation and exceeding grief he cried Blood Succeeding him after his Death rais'd the Family Aocaillipanaca and was Succeeded by his eldest Son the wealthy Viracocha Inga Viracocha Inga his great Riches of whom when the Spaniards conquer'd Peru went a Report that great Riches lay buried in the Earth with him wherefore Gonzalus Pizarrus tortu'd the Natives after an inhumane manner to know of them where the Grave of the said Inga was at last obtaining his Desire he digg'd for the Body which he found so well Embalm'd that it seem'd to live but no Gold with it wherefore Pizarrus deceiv'd in his expectation burnt the Corps the Ashes whereof the Indians gathering in Urns worshipp'd though when he liv'd the Vulgar were much incens'd at him for taking upon him the Name of Viracocha who was their supream God and Creator of all things but he pacifi'd them saying That Viracocha appearing to him in a Dream had commanded him to take that Name upon him Yupangui's Policy to gain an Opinion amongst the People The fourth Inga call'd Pachacuto Yupangui succeeded in the Throne after the Death of his eldest Brother who was slain in a Field-Battel against the Changas inhabiting the Valley Andaguailas where the Peruan Army was utterly defeated few of them onely escaping by flight among whom was Yupangui who perswaded the rest to a subtile Design by alledging That the Almighty Creator angry at their Destruction had reveal'd many Secrets to him viz. That the Creator in Heaven was call'd Viracocha Pachayachachie That he resented it very ill That whereas he formerly made Heaven Sun Moon Stars and Men none worshipp'd him for it but in stead of him they reverenc'd the Sun Thunder and the Earth who had their Beings from him That he would shew his Power against the victorious Changas by an unexpected Assistance of an invisible Army This being believ'd of every one stirr'd up the Peruans far and near insomuch that in a short time a vast Army being rais'd presented themselves to Yupangui who made good use thereof and also told them that Viracocha had decreed in Heaven that he Yupangui should be his Vicegerent on Earth which the Army believing set the Peruan Crown which they had taken from his Father on his Head Thus promoted he march'd against the Changas whom in a bloody Battel he conquer'd and brought them all under his Obedience Moreover he made his Soldiers believe that they were not the Conquerors but invisible Men whom Viracocha had sent and who could be seen by none but himself and that after the Battel they were turn'd into Stones which they must seek for Whereupon they gathering a great number of Stones on the Mountains Gross Superstition Yupangui call'd them Pururancas and order'd that they should be worshipp'd and carried with them into the Field whensoe're they fought another Battel hoping thereby to stir up his Soldiers to be couragious who firmly believ'd that with the visible Stones walk'd invisible Heroes that would certainly assist them This Imagination wrought so much that Yupangui's Army assur'd of Victory with the help of the Stones went on undauntedly on all Designs insomuch that being fear'd by all the adjacent People he forc'd them all to submission This Yupangui rais'd the Family Yuaupococa and plac'd a great Golden Image call'd Indyllapa on a Golden Chariot which since was religiously worshipp'd and afterwards carried to Caxamalca for a Ransom of the Peruvian King Attabaliba whom the Spanish General Pizarrus kept Prisoner and at last Strangled The Councellor Polus opening Yupangui's Grave found the Body Embalm'd and no way defaced but the Eyes cover'd with thin Golden Plates and on his Head appear'd the Scar of a Stone which had been thrown at him and though the Body had lain eighty years in the Grave yet it seem'd rather living than dead being onely a little grey This Corps as also several other Inga's the Marquess Camette brought from Cusco to Lima so to prevent the Peruvians worshipping of them Yupangui after his Decease was succeeded by Sopa Inga and he by his Son of the same Name who rais'd the Family Ayoac Aillo The last for nothing worthy of memory was done by either of them was succeeded by Guaynacava The Greatness and Riches of Guayacava a wealthy and valiant young Man who was no sooner setled on the Throne but he manag'd all things with great prudence maintain'd War with several People and conquer'd the Kingdom of Quito four hundred Leagues beyond Cusco whither after his Death his Body was carried and buried in the famous Temple of the Sun but his Entrails were buried in Quito not without many bloody Offerings thousands of his Servants Sacrificing themselves at his Grave willingly that so they might serve their Prince in the other World The invaluable Treasures which he left behind him were carefully hid by the Peruvians till the Spaniards conquer'd that Countrey The pav'd Ways magnificent Buildings and strong Castles testifie as yet the Power of this Inga wherefore in his life-time he was honor'd as a God His Mother Mamaoclo liv'd to see above three hundred of her Children's Children all Extracted from her Son Guaynacava War between Huascar and his Brother Attabaliba The chief of the Family Tanebamba were Huascar and Attabaliba Sons to Guaynacava both by the Coya or lawful Queen however some have deliver'd to the contrary who falling at variance betwixt themselves resolv'd to decide the Quarrel by a Field-Battel in which Attabaliba being the youngest was Conqueror This Civil War was at the heighth when the Spaniards invaded Peru which they could never have conquer'd had not the Realm been so divided During Attabaliba's Imprisonment by Pizarrus his two Generals Quizaniz and Chilicuchima took the Inga Huascar formerly call'd Tito Cusi Gualpa Attabaliba's Brother in Cusco Huascar burnt alive and carrying him to the Valley Sacfahuana burnt him alive It is set down as remarkable that Huascar after his being vanquish'd made great Offerings to Viracocha thereby to gain his assistance in his extremity against Attabaliba when he was inform'd that a strange People which came from a remote Place over the Seas had defeated Attabaliba's Army and taken him Prisoner From which News Huascar taking courage call'd the Spaniards Viracochas and judg'd that they were come from Heaven to his Delivery and the more because his Brother had spilt so much Blood already for Attabaliba had not onely slain the Prince Atoco which led Huascar's Army with three thousand two hundred Men and drank out of Atoco's Skull tipt with Gold but had also pluck'd out the Harts of above a thousand Children which the Cannrites sent with Palm-Boughs to him to desire Peace Mango Inga Settles in the Mountain Vilcabamba After Attabaliba's and Huascar's Decease Mango Inga their Brother drove all the Spaniards out of Cusco whither they not long after coming with new Forces necessitated Mango not without the loss of many Men to take his

flight up into the Mountain Vilcabamba where he Setling his Successors Reign to this day secur'd from any Invasion by the natural strength of the Place But the Inga Saritopa coming from the fore-mention'd Mountain submitted himself to the Spaniards who allow'd him the Valley Yucay to dwell peaceably in but the rest of the Family of the Inga's that fell into the Hands of the Spaniards were all of them kill'd in Cusco not without great grief of the old Inhabitants to see so antient and noble a Family by which they had been Govern'd in great State for three hundred years together put to death by common Executioners Cusco the Residence of the Peruvian Kings The City Cusco which was the Royal Seat of all the Peruvian Kings was made more splendid than ever before by Guayanacava of whom Augustine de Tarrate describing his Magnificence relates That when his Queen was Deliver'd of a Son who was to succeed in the Throne Guayanacava kept a great Feast for twenty days together and on that day when the Child was to be Nam'd a Golden Chain each Link of which was as big as a Hand and contain'd in all seven hundred Foot in length was carried by twenty Peruvians to the Temple The Manner of the Succession of their Kings The Succession of the Inga's was after this manner The Inga's keeping many Concubines had many Children by them none of which could lay claim to the Peruvian Crown but onely the Son begotten on the Coya or Queen being generally the Kings own Sister whom they accounted lawful for them to Marry as in antient times did the Egyptian Kings Inherited the Realm unless the Inga had a lawful Brother who Inherited before the Son though born of a Coya or if the said Brother had a Son he obtain'd the deceased Uncles Crown before him who in apparence was the elder Heir The same Succession was also observ'd by other Governors which the Peruvians call Curaca's Their Burials and disposal of their Treasure The Burials of their Kings were perform'd with great solemnity and the Treasures which they left behind were bestow'd in building of magnificent Guaha's which were Temples or religious Houses where a kind of solemn Worship was to be perform'd to celebrate the Memory of the Deceased Some part of the Treasure was also distributed amongst the Inga's Servants but the Successor inherited not the least Mite of what his Predecessor had gotten but was forc'd according to an antient Law to build himself a new Palace and purchas'd anew every thing else belonging to it Their Crown Their Crown or Diadem was onely a fine red woollen Coif with a Tassel that hung down over their Foreheads which other meaner Princes wore hanging on their right Ear. Their Coronations Their Coronations were also kept in great Pomp and State the Nobility and Priests coming from all parts of the Countrey to Cusco besides an innumerable multitude of common People The Noblemens Presents to the Inga's consisted chiefly of Gold and Silver Vessels fine Cloth call'd Cumbi all sorts of Sea-shells and stately Plumes of Feathers of inestimable value Thousands of Sheep differing in colour serv'd for Offerings moreover the Chief Priest sacrific'd a Child before the Image of Viracocha on whom with great Reverence he cry'd O great God Viracocha we Offer you this Child that you may keep our Realm in Peace aid us in time of War prosper our Inga in all his Undertakings make him more powerful and greater than any of his Predecessors and grant him wisdom to Govern this vast Countrey Their exact Form of Government No People in the World can be more respective and shew greater Reverence to their Kings than the Peruvians for there were never any heard of in this Countrey that ever Rebell'd against their Prince the reason of which was chiefly because they always Govern'd with great Justice and Mildness placing Governors over the respective Countreys and Provinces according to their several Divisions greater or lesser with subordinate Power one under another so that they Rul'd with great strictness punishing with Death both Drunkenness and Theft Moreover the Ingas observ'd a prudent way in Government viz. They kept their Subjects continually employ'd The ordinary sort of Persons of subdu'd Provinces were sent to remote Countreys and the Governors thereof kept at the Court in Cusco and Princes Descended of the Royal Blood sent in their Places to Govern the new gotten Dominions they divided the Inhabitants into Companies plac'd one to Command over ten another over a hundred and a greater Officer over a thousand and at last a Prefect or Major-General over ten thousand every one of which Officers were to bring in an Account every Week to the supream Governor who was always of the Inga's Family what Men dy'd of their number or how many were born a present Estimate of every ones Stock in Cattel or otherwise and all remarkable Transactions that hapned On the high Feast-day they were all to appear at Court and to bring in the Revenues gather'd out of their Substitute Countreys The main Division of the Countrey was into four grand Provinces call'd Tahucantinsuyos according to the four Ways that went from Cusco through the whole Realm viz. Chinchasuyo towards the North Coclasuyo towards the South Andesuyo towards the East and Condesuyo towards the West The Collectors were divided into Hanansayos Upper-Collectors and Urinsayos or Under-Collectors The Quipocomayos or Accomptants could ●ast up exactly with Buttons not onely what every Province but also what each Man was to pay and that according to the ability of the Countrey and Person Their stately Structures Many were the stately Temples invincible Castles magnificent Palaces and other wonderful Structures built by the Ingas the chiefest whereof stood in Cusco Tiaguanaco and Tambo the Builders whereof were sent for by turns out of the adjacent Countreys from which they brought exceeding great Stones most of them thirty eight Foot long eighteen broad and six thick which were so neatly joyn'd together with Mortar or Iron-work that a whole Edifice seem'd to be one entire Stone Their Bridges that led cross the Rivers were made of Flags and Rushes fastned to each Shore with great Ropes The like Bridge lay cross the deep Mouth of the Lake Chicuito on which great Bundles of the Rushes Toto being ty'd together and cover'd with Straw so strengthen'd the Bridge that great Loads were safely carried over the same The great Riches of the Ingas No Prince ever possess'd so much Riches and Splendor as an Inga of Peru each Countrey presenting him with what was most esteem'd amongst them the Chiches bringing Sweet-woods the Lucanas strong Sedan-Carriers the Chumbibilcas brave Dancers and so accordingly every Countrey provided him with what they best esteem'd besides the usual Tributes which they paid Those which digg'd the Gold and Silver out of the Mines had Meat Drink and Clothing from the Inga though at other times he enjoy'd

mention'd which part at the East end of the City are pass'd over with divers Bridges The narrow Streets are full of Stone Houses built in good Order In several places are Vaulted Cellars under Ground in some of which are buried great Treasures they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothsayers for this sort of People were once in great esteem amongst the Inhabitants who coming from Chili Pasto Bocamores Topona Bombon Charcas Collao Chiachiapoias Conchucos and other Peruvian Countreys receive great benefit from the fresh Water and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City The ancient Places and other stately Structures in Cusco The stately Palaces which the Peruvian Nobility have at several times built in Oren-Cusco being one part of the City are very wonderful the Owners whereof were forc'd by the Ingas to appear at Court at Set-times that so he might prevent all Insurrections Also he caus'd the Children of the prime Lords to be brought up in Cusco under pretence that they might learn the Cuscoan Tongue perfectly in which the Ingas would always be spoken to whenas their Design was to keep them as Hostages in their own Jurisdictions that their Fathers might not rebel by which means it hapned that in most places of Peru which amongst the several Tribes and Principalities had several Languages the Cuscoan Tongue was understood and spoken But the Spaniards who are the present Possessors thereof have alter'd and repair'd most of the ordinary Houses which are now neatly built of Stone Above all the old Structures the Palace of the Ingas and the Temple of the Sun are the most magnificent the Palace lies inclos'd within a square quadruple Wall each corner whereof is adorn'd and strengthned with a Tower The Palace it self is built round and with Arches but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder is to see how the Stones which are so big that forty Horses are notable to stir one of them out of its place were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders from the neighboring Mountains for the Peruvians never made use of any laboring Beast except their Sheep Pacos not knowing the use of Horses Camels Oxen Elephants or the like before the Spaniards coming thither The Halls within the Palace were Wainscoted with Golden Plates yet the Inga's Apparel was not answerable to the rest of his Pomp for in stead of a Crown they bound their Heads about with a red woollen Sash with which they almost cover'd their Eyes at the end of the Sash hung certain Ribbands which they gave the Governor as occasion offer'd that by this Sign as by a Commission they might exercise their Offices the sight of which String caus'd such Obedience that if the Inga had commanded the Inhabitants of a Town or Countrey to murder themselves none durst deny The Inga was generally carried by a hundred of his Noble-men of whom if any one had accidentally chanc'd to stumble he was immediately put to death No man durst presume to look him in the Face or speak to him without a Present The Temple Curicanche The Temple Curicanche Dedicated to the Sun was certainly the most rich and sumptuous that ever the World boasted it being Govern'd by the Chief Priest Villanoa The Inga Guainacava spent an invaluable Treasure in the building of this Structure for he cover'd the Roof and Walls with thick Plates of massie Gold and Silver At his return home from the Conquest of the Province of Quito from whence the Inhabitants according to an antient Custom of the Ingas were carried to one of the remotest Countreys in Peru. But Guainacava enamor'd of a Quitoan Maid staid a considerable time in the City Quito and kept a splendid Wedding at the Marriage of his Bride who bare unto him the famous Attabaliba whom he lov'd beyond all his other Children and a little before his death made him King of Quito But Huascar after Guainacava's Decease would not suffer his Brother to live in the late conquer'd Kingdom of Quito A cruel Battel between two Brothers but gave him Battel in the Plain of Tomebamba which lasted three days and three Nights and after much Blood-shed Attabaliba being defeated was taken Prisoner and not long after making his Escape by the help of an antient Woman whilest Huascar's Commanders and Soldiers rejoyc'd with Cups full of Chica for their gotten Victory he made his Subjects in Quito believe that he being transform'd into a Serpent crept through a little Hole out of the Prison and that he had a Promise from Heaven to obtain Conquest over Huascar which being believ'd stirr'd up all his Subjects to take up Arms and valiantly to go and meet the Enemy whom they not onely defeated but took Huascar Prisoner Huscar being destroy'd by Attabaliba and Attabaliba by Pizarro Mango Inga their youngest Brother took the Government upon him made continual Sallies upon the Spaniards from inaccessible Mountains and at his Decease left the remaining part of Peru to his Son Zaires Topa Zaires the Son of Mango Inga submit● to the Spaniards who seeing no good to be done by force of Arms submitted himself freely to the King of Spain's Jurisdiction in the Year 1557. since which the Spaniards have been sole Masters There are at this day four great Churches in Cusco Also the Dominicans Franciscans Augustines and the Monks De la Merced have each of them stately Cloysters here but the Jesuits Structure exceeds all the other Above forty thousand Peruvians pay annual Tribute to this City In the Valley about the City feed abundance of Cattel also Wheat and all manner of Herbs grow here in great plenty The Gold and Silver-Mines have not that resort which they had formerly most of the Workmen being remov'd to Potosi Concerning the Service which they perform'd in the fore-mention'd Temple of the Sun and their superstitious Opinions about their Idol Con they are much of the same ridiculous nature with what hath been already Discours'd of in other places Five Leagues Southwardly from Cusco lies the Valley Yucay between high snowy Mountains under a temperate Climate and pleasant Soil Not far from hence the Ingas built a most invincible Castle on a Rock which was surrounded with many cliffy Walls one above another these Walls were also Carv'd with Images of Lyons Tygers and other wild Beasts which held Lances in their Paws the ●op of the Rock was crown'd with a Royal Structure built of Stone through which ran Golden Veins joyn'd together with a certain Gum by some call'd Jews-Lime To the Province of Condesuyo belong the valiant People Chumbibalcas and Ubinas In the County Pomatambo they make Carpets of fine Wooll curiously Painted 8. The City Francisco de Vittoria which lies in the rough Valley Vilcabamba and is inclos'd by the Mountains Andes belonging to the Jurisdiction of the Province Andesuyo 9. The Village Juan del Oro which is the chief Place of the Countrey Caravaya and so call'd by the Spaniards

made fast between two Poles near which burns a constant Fire with which in the Day-time they dress their Meat and at Night keep themselves warm the Nights being there somewhat cold because of their equal length with the Days Their usual Liquor is cold Water taken out of the Fountains Rivers or Brooks Their several sorts of Drinks but to Carouse they make the Drink Caoi of the Fruit of the Ocaiiba-Tree which being stamp'd in a woodden Mortar is strain'd and at first looks like Milk but after a few days standing turns to a darker colour and is strong enough to make Astronomers of those that drink largely of it but if long kept it turns to be excellent Vinegar They have another Drink call'd Aipu which is made two several ways the first is thus An old Toothless Woman chews the little cut Root Aipimacaxera to a a Pap call'd Caracu which spitting in a Pot they pour Water on the same and afterwards boyling it leisurely stirring it all the time it stands over the Fire The other way of making this Aipu which is much the more cleanly is to boyl the said Root so long till it comes to be like Butter-milk and then letting it stand till it hath done working it will be no unpleasant Drink Another sort of Drink amongst them is their Pacobi made of the Fruit of the Tree Pacobebe and Pacobucu besides others made of the Tree Abatu of Indian Barley and Maiz. Also their Liquor call'd Jetici is press'd out of Potato-Roots In like manner the Plant Nana by the Portuguese call'd Ananas makes the Drink Nanai which is exceeding strong and heady but good against Faintness Vomiting Gravel and stoppage of Urine as also against Poyson Their Deboches The Tapuiyans sur-named Cariri meet at a certain time to make the Liquor Aipu whereof each takes as much to his Hut as falls to his share and when it hath done working they begin in the Morning very early at the first House in the Village and drink out every drop which they find there and so from House to House till they have drunk one another drie and he is look'd upon to be the best Man that hath drunk and evacuated most Their manner of Taking Tobacco The Brasilians take generally very strong Tobacco which they first drie in the Sun and afterwards before the Fire the better to rub it in pieces Their Tobacco-pipe is a Cane and a hollow Nut cut off at the top and a round Hole bor'd in the middle into which they put the Cane They forbear not to take Tobacco even in the midst of their religious Ceremonies which are perform'd with Singing and Dancing in this manner Their Arms. Their Arms consist of Bowes made of hard Wood Strung with twisted Cotton Thred their Arrows they make of the Cane Tacaara made very sharp at the end or headed with some Beasts sharp Tooth or pointed with the Bones of the Fish Iperu Some of the Tapuiyans use great Darts and long Clubs of black Wood broad before and full of sharp Spikes the Handles being wound about with Cotton Strings call'd Jatirana under which hangs a Tuft of the Bird Arara's Feathers as also about the middle Their Trumpets call'd Canguenca are the Shin-bones of Men though they have others also made of great Shells and Canes They us'd to be continually at War one with another which they wag'd neither for Lands nor Riches but either to make themselves eminent and to be accounted valiant Soldiers or most especially for the sake of Man's-flesh to feed upon which they love beyond all things in the World wherefore they fatten all their Prisoners for the slaughter Their Battels are always cruel for they fight very desperately Emanuel de Moraes relates That he saw a Brasilian fight with three Armed Portugueses who slew him not till after he had wounded them all three The Languages of the Brasilians The Languages of the Brasilians are several each Countrey speaking a peculiar Tongue but so different that they cannot understand one another The Tabuyans are divided into above eighty Tribes each speaking a peculiar Language which have no resemblance one with another nevertheless they have a general Language which is understood by most of them The Jesuit Joseph Anchieta publishing a Brasilian Dictionary in Conimbrica Anno 1595. shewed that the fore-mention'd Language wants the Letters f l s z r and hath no double Consonants in any word except mb nd ng so that the sound of the word falls generally on the last Vowel The fore-mention'd Moraes well experienc'd in the Brasilian Tongue writ an Alphabet of all the most familiar words thereof us'd in common Discourse of which it will not be unnecessary to give this following Extract A. ABa a Man also Hair Acu the Left-hand Acuabeimae Sweet Amaberaba Lightning Amacuminga Thunder Amandiba Hail Anama a near Relation Anga the Soul Angabara Lean. Angaipata Angry or Wicked Angaturama Thankful or Acceptable Apara a Crown Apecum the Tongue Apicaba a Stool Ara the Time Skye or Day Ara-ibi coquime Noon Araya Grandmother Atapuana Light Atapuatia Swift Atucupe the Back Atyba the Shoulder Ay cig a Mother Ayura the Neck B. Boya a Slave C. Cama a Sucking-Breast Canga a Leg. Caraibebe apiabebe an Angle Caruca the Evening Capii Grass Capii goacu Straw Catu Dainty Cay an Ape Ceba a Loaf Cibera the Buttocks Cemiracoaobae a Widower Ceo a Breast Ceteeimibae a Ghost Cig cygra an Aunt Coaraci a Son Cobra a Serpent Coemitanga the Dawn Coriba Rejoyce Coya Twins Cunha a Wife Cunhaiba a Bride Cunumigoacu a Youth Cunumi a Boy E. Ecatuaba the right Hand Eyruba a Bee G. Giba an Arm. Guaibino an old Woman Guirarupia an Egg. I. Jaci the Moon or Month. Jacitata a Star Iba a Tree Ibiaia the Heavens Ibatinga and Ibitinga a Witch Ibateba High Ibi the Earth Ibitira a Mountain Ibitu the Wind. Icapi the Dew Ig Water Iguaba a Cap. Ipeca a Goose Igue the Side Ita Iron or a Stone Itacira a Spade Itapigua a Nail Juba Yellow M. Maupiara the Gall. Mbabeaubora Sick Mbiu Meat Mbo a Hand Membeca Softly Menearaa a Wedding Micu a Toe Mita the Heel Mocu an Eel Mormotara Angry Muapendaba a Joint N. Nbia the Heart O. Opacatumha the World P. Potia the Breast Paranga Fair. Porerobiara Faithful Porucuicobora Poor Potivi a Duck. Poxi Ugly Pi a Foot Pia the Liver Pira Fish or a Skin Piquiira Younger in years Pitanga a Child Pua a Finger Pua-guacu a Thumb Purva the Navel Puou Long. Putuma the Night R. Roig Cold. T. Tagica a Vein Tagui Blood Tagira or Membira a Daughter The first of these words is us'd by the Fathers and the other by the Mothers Taira Children or a Son Tamua a Grandfather Tata Fire Tecoacu Luck Tecoateima Covetousness Temerico Man or Woman Tendiba a Chin. Tendi Spittle Tendipia a Knee Tecobecatu Wholsom Tema a Shin-bone Tete a Body Tiaya Sweet Tibira Younger for

Ignazu which falls into the Parana and at last came to the River Paraguay along whose Shore he found a People of a gigantick Stature call'd The Agazes who regarded no manner of Husbandry but went out continually a robbing in their Canoos These People as Martin del Barco relates were not long after all destroy'd by the Spaniards Not far from the Agazes dwell the Guaycurues a valiant People and somewhat farther the Cacoves whose Countrey produces Gold and Silver and yet farther in the Countrey reside the Guaxarapos who remove yearly to the Paraguay to Fish there when the Water is low for in the beginning of January the River swells so exceedingly that the Countrey about it being overflow'd is cover'd with above six Fathom Water The Paraguay discharges its Waters into the great Lake Xarayes full of Islands Amongst other Rivers that spring out of the Mountains Andes the Ignazu along whose Shore the People Xacoaes Xaquesses and Chanesses dwell falls also into the foremention'd Lake Somewhat farther lies a great piece of drown'd Land beyond which the Xarayes have convenient Habitations plant Maiz and spin Cotton Their Countrey borders a great Wilderness which ends about the Province Tapuaguazu the Inhabitants whereof call'd Tarapecocies are furnish'd with plenty of all sorts of Provisions The Payzunoes dwelling on one side of them are not well known as yet Beyond the Town Assumption dwell the Mayaes in the Way to Peru and border at he Tamacoaes both which possess Silver-Mines Between Buenos Ayres and Corduba lies the Plain-Countrey Despoplado ninety Leagues long without Trees or Houses but is most Pasture-Ground which feed many thousands of wild Horses From hence glide the Streams Luchan Los Arrechivos Arreca Zaracaranna and others into La Plata It is very dangerous for a small Company to travel through this Countrey because the ranging Juries spare none alive they meet with Moreover the River Grande flows with a wide Mouth into the Sea and spreads it self within against the Countrey Patos Also the Rivers Tamandabug Ararungo and the Lake Alagoa disembogue into the Ocean North-East beyond Alagoa lie the Islands Catharina and Gale and in the Bay Tojuqua appear several Isles The Streams Tajahu and Ytabuca spring out of high Mountains inhabited by the People Anniriri and Cipopoy Lastly the Countrey wash'd by the Stream Ararapira produces all sorts of Provisions CHAP. II. Chili THere are in this Countrey both tame and wild Sheep The Cammel-Sheep the tame ones are call'd Cammel-Sheep being cover'd with long fine Wool having Necks four Foot long their fore Feet cloven into four parts their hindermost into two their Mouths very wide which they open at those that vex them and make such a stink that no body is able to abide near them when tir'd they fall under their Burdens and will not rise though beaten never so much Their Flesh is tough like that of Horses The wild Mountain-Sheep are red and have soft glossy Wool which makes a Stuff like that of a Chamlet These Sheep run swifter than a Horse the Chileses lead them by a Rope put through their Ears The Grain Teca This Countrey of Chili not onely produces Wheat Barley Maiz and all manner of Fruit but also the Teca which growing half a Yard high is not unlike Barley the Grain thereof being dry'd in the Sun is thresh'd and parch'd in hot Sand then ground on a square flat Stone with a round Rowler This Meal which is both exceeding wholsom and very nourishing for a small Measure thereof sufficeth a Man a whole Week serves also both for Meat and Drink for being infus'd in a greater quantity of Water it becomes a pleasant Drink and kneaded with a lesser proportion it is made into Cakes or Loaves The Fruit Vnni The Fruit Unni by the Spaniards call'd Murtilla is like a little red Grape and hath a tart taste The Wine press'd out of this Fruit is clear to the Eye pleasing to the Palate and good for the Stomach never causing any Head-ache It also makes good Vinegar But the chiefest Benefit of Chili is the rich Gold-Mines The Countrey for the most part lies desolate occasion'd by the continual Wars which the valiant People Arauco maintain'd against the Spaniards after such a manner that in no place of America they met with such resistance or sustain'd such Losses They speak an elegant Language according to the testimony of Elias Herkmans who having committed to Wirting all the most significant Words thereof which were taught him by the Chileses it will not be altogether amiss to set down some of them which are these following A View of the Chilesian Language TEpanto A Year Tien A Moneth or the Moon Toninco A Week Ante The Day or Sun Paun The Night Tabuyo The Evening Eppoun The Morning Rangiante Noon Eppoe The next Day after to Morrow Vya Yesterday Putey The Day before Yesterday Buchiante To Day Mintay Now. Weytiva At that time Wantarulei In the Morning betimes Biliante Always Chumel When. Chemchuem Also Hueno The Heavens Quereb The Air or Wind. Tomo The Clouds Wangelen The Stars Pillan Thunder Gualio Lightning Puta que quereb A Storm Maoni Rain Piren Snow Veaquumao Dew Pillingei Ice Quetal Fire Ko Water Tue The Earth Mappo The Land Pele Clay Cura Stone Maviel Wood. Aluven Timber Millia Gold Lien Silver Paila Brass Titi Tin Pavillue Iron Quatal-cura A Pebble-stone Chadi Salt Lyl A Rock Milla-mappen A Golden Vein Aliquen A Tree Cahu Herbs Nebo Nuts Pino Grass Cayron Hay Wento A Man Domo A Wife Quiduugen A Youth Yecho A Maiden Penien A Boy Domo-penien A Girl Chou A Father Nenque A Mother Cheche A Grandfather Domo-cheche A Grandmother Wenco Mothers Brother Mama Mothers Sister Pelchuchan A Stepfather Caulla A Stepmother Botum A Son Neaque A Daughter Penu A Brother Lamoen A Sister Guempo A Father-in-law Vilca A Mother-in-law Choupa A Son-in-law Weuro-pencho A Kinsman Buytha An old Man Cude An old Woman Cunewa An Hospital Child Peneinboe A Guardian Apo-curaca A Governor Curaca A Lord. Apo A supream Commander Nentoque A Ruler Ulmen A Person of Quality Pulmen A Gentleman Machi A Chirurgeon Cona A Soldier Retave-caman A Smith Guito-wok A Weaver Challo-acaman A Fisher-man Nilla-caboe A Merchant Turnitave A Dyer Chumpiro-caman A Cap-maker Tultunca-caman A Drummer Inchetaniweni A Servant Voerquin A Messenger Langamcheboe A Murderer Chiquiboe A Thief Illuiboe A Beggar Alvee The Devil Ruca A House Ullin A Door Chaquana A pair of Stairs Pylca A Wall Wana-ruca The Roof Pithe-ruca A Hut Colcura A Cupboard Cawyto A Bedstead Depotuarica A Prison Weltelve A Gibbet Pengal A Grave Lonquen The Sea Leva The River Buta-wampo A Ship Aliwen A Mast Mou Ropes Dolio A Canoo Wampo A Boat Vela Sails Wyta An Oar. Tubquen Ashes Cuju A dead Coal Ale The Flame Aypel A burning Coal Wietum Smoak Catila a Candle Wyno A Knife Witi A Spoon Guidi A Pot. Lepoboruwe A Tooth-picker Pavilla-lonco An Helmet Waiqui A Pike