are frequently found in Sueden and in greater variety than in England which seem to have been the Dane Gilt or Tribute that the Nation then paid The Normans also who about that time settled in France were in part Natives of this Country so that England together with the Miseries that accompanied those Conquests owes a great part of its Extraction to these People But to pass on to Times of more certainty it was about the Year 830 that the Emperor Ludovicus Pius sent Ansgarius afterwards Arch-bishop of Hamburgh to attempt the Conversion of the Suedes and Goths who at first had little or no Success but in his second Journey some Years after he was better received and baptized the King Olaus who was afterwards martyred by his Heathen Subjects and offered in Sacrifice to their Gods nor did Christianity become the general Religion of Sueden till about a Hundred Years after when it was planted by the English Bishops formerly mentioned sent for thither by another Olaus in whose time the Kingdom of Sueden and that of Gothia were united but became afterwards to be separated again and continued so near Two Hundred Years when they were again joyn'd on Condition that the Two Royal Families should succeed each other by turns as they did for the space of One Hundred Years but not without great Disorders and much Blood shed This occasion of Quarrel which ended in the Extirpation of the Gothick Family was succeeded by another for Waldemer Son of Berger Ierle or Earl who was descended from the Royal Family of Sueden being at that time chosen King by his Father's Advice he created his Three Brothers Dukes of Finland Sudermanland and Smaland with such a degree of Sovereignty in their respective Dukedoms as enabled them to disturb their Brother's Government who was at last forced to resign the Kingdom to his Brother Magnus which he left to his Son Berger who lived in continual Dissention with his Two Brethren Erick and Waldemar till he took them Prisoners and famish'd them to Death upon which he was driven on t of the Kingdom and succeeded by Duke Erick's Son Magnus who was perswaded to suffer his Son Erick to be chosen King of Sueden joyntly with himself as his other Son Haquinus was of Norway Both these Brothers made War upon their Father who thereupon caused the Eldest to be poysoned the other Haquinus being reconciled to his Father married Margaret the Daughter Waldemar King of Denmark in whose Person the Three Northern Kingdoms were afterwards United This Magnus being deposed for his ill Government made place for his Sister's Son Albert Duke of Mechlenburgh of whom the Suedes were soon weary and offered the Kingdom to Margaret whose Husband Haquinus had left her Norway and her Father Denmark King Albert therefore being beaten in a pitch'd Battle was taken Prisoner by this Margaret who succeeded him and enacted the Vnion of the Three Crowns into a Law which was ratified by the States of those Kingdoms but proved much to the Prejudice of Sueden and to the Advantage of Denmark which People had always the Art or Luck to get their King's Favour and render the Suedes and Norwegians suspected conformable to Queen Margaret's Advice to her Successor Sueden shall feed you Norway shall cloath you and Denmark shall defend you At her request the Three Nations chose her young Nephew Erick of Pomerania reserving to her self the Government during his Minority which she out-lived and had time to repent at last she died of the Plague in the Year 1412. This Erick married Phillippa the Daughter of Henry the 4th of England of her their Histories relate that Copenhagen being besieged and King Erick in despair retreating to a Monastery she took the Command of the City and beat the Besiegers but afterwards having in the King's absence fitted out a Fleet that was unsuccessful at his return he so beat and abused her that she thereby miscarried and retiring into a Cloyster died soon after The Oppression the Suedes lay under from Strangers and to whom the King committed the Government of Provinces and the Custody of all Castles contrary to the Articles of the Vnion made them at last throw off the Yoke and renounce their Allegiance to King Erick in whose place they substituted the General of the Kingdom Carl Knuteson with the Title of Protector which he held about Four Years till they were perswaded to accept Christopher of Bavaria whom the Danes and Norwegians had already chosen his short Reign gave the Suedes new Disgusts to the Vnion so that upon his Death they divided themselves and chose Carl Knuteson to be their King who had before been their Protector and remains a memorable Example of the Vicissitude of Fortune for after he had Reigned Ten Years he was driven out by a Danish Faction and retiring to Dantzick was reduced to great want Christian of Oldenburg King of Denmark and Norway succeeded him and renewed the Vnion which was soon dissolved Christian after a Reign of Five Years being turn'd out Carl Knuteson was restored to the Crown which he held only Three Years being over-power'd by a Faction of the Clergy and forced to forswear the Crown and retire into Finland where he again fell into want upon his Deposition his Daughter's Husband Erick Axelton was made Governour of the Kingdom which was miserably shattered by Factions of which the Bishops were the greatest Ring-leaders in Favour of Christian of Denmark whom they endeavoured to restore but their Party being worsted Carl Knuteson was the third time received King of Sueden and continued so till his Death upon which Steno Sture a Noble Man of ancient Family was made Protector of the Kingdom which he defended a long time against King Christian and his Successor to the Crowns of Denmark and Norway but was at last forced to give place to Iohn who again restored the Vnion of the Three Crowns but pursuing his Predecessors steps in oppressing the Nation and imploying of Strangers he was soon expell'd the Kingdom And Steno Sture was again made Protector and he dying Suanto Sture succeeded in the same Quality He had continual Wars with King Iohn all the time of his Government which at his Death was conferred on his Son Steno Sture the younger who withstood the Danish Faction which the Arch-bishop of Vpsall headed till dying of a Wound he received in a Skirmish against the Danes Christiern or Christian the II. King of Denmark and Norway was advanced to the Crown of Sueden but behaved himself so tyrannically and shed so much innocent Blood especially of the Nobility which he design'd utterly to root out that his Reign became intolerable and the whole Nation conspired against him under the Conduct of Gustavus the First descended from the ancient Kings of Sueden whose Father had being beheaded and his Mother had two Sisters imprison'd by Christiern He was
ordinary offices of their Sex put to Plow and Thrash to Row in Boats and bear Burthens at the Building of Houses and on other occasions Domestick Quarrels rarely happen and more seldom become Publick the Husbands being as apt to keep the Authority in their own hands as the Wives by Nature Custom or Necessity are inclin'd to be Obedient Divorces and other Separations between Man and Wife scarce ever happen but among the Inferior sort when the Innocent Party is allowed to marry again Cousin-Germans may not Marry without the King's Dispensation which is more frequently granted than refused In Wedding Entertainments they have ever affected Pomp and Superfluity beyond the proportion of their Abilities for by the Excess of one Day oft-times many of them involve themselves in such inconveniences as they feel many Years The same is observable in their Funeral Solemnities which are usually accompanied with more Jollity and Feasting than befits the Occasion and to gain time to make their Preparations they commonly Transport their Dead to Vaults within or adjoyning to their Churches where they remain unburied some Months and sometimes several Years but of late these and other unnecessary Expences begin by degrees to be laid aside as well in conformity to the Frugality of the Court as in compliance with their present Fortunes which are narrower now than they have formerly been CHAP. VIII Of the Royal Family and Court of Sueden CHARLES XI the present King of Sueden was born November the 25th 1655. Two years after his Father Charles Gustave X. of the House of Deux Ponts was advanced to the Crown up on the Abdication of Queen Christina whose Cousin-German he was being the Son of Iohn Casimir Prince Palatine of the Rhine and Catherine of Sueden Daughter to Charles IX and Sister to Gustavus Adolphus Queen Christina's Father This Kings Mother Princess Hediwing Eleonora of the House of Holstein and Sister to the present Duke had no other Child and upon the Decease of the King her Husband in the year 1660. was made Regent of the Kingdom together with the five Great Officers of the Crown and held that Post till the Year 1672. when the King her Son was declared Major and took the Government His Majesties Education in his Minority by his own Genius and the Indulgence of his Mother if not by the contrivance of the Principal Ministers was mostly in order to a Military Life in which Exercises such as Fencing and Riding the Great Horse he took more pleasure and made better proficiency than in such Studies as required more intention of the mind Besides the Suedish and High-Dutch Languages which his Majesty learned in his Infancy and speaks both equally well he was not perfected in any other having only a smattering of French to which he hath so great an Aversion that he will neither own nor be brought to speak so much of it as he understands which want concurring with if not causing in him a reserved Temper and backwardness to Conversation with Strangers makes it more difficult for Foreign Ministers to entertain his Majesty and himself uneasy upon their Addresses None ever better conquered this Difficulty than Mr. Warwick who having learned a little High-Dutch with which he entertain'd his Majesty in ordinary Discourse without much mixture of business he thereby became the Favourite Foreign Minister and had the Honour to be singled out by his Majesty on all occasions In the year 1674. his Majesty was Crowned and presently after engaged in a War that gain'd him an eminent degree both of Experience and Honour having never lost a Battle in which he was Personally present At the Conclusion of the War Anno 1680. he married the Princess Ulrica Eleonora Sister to the King of Denmark a Lady as Eminent for Piety Virtue Wisdom and all other Qualities truly Great and Noble as for her Birth and Extraction These with her great Charity to the Poor and Liberality to all have gain'd her the Hearts of the whole Nation and surmounted the Aversion they naturally have to those of her Country By her his Majesty hath already had Seven Children five Princes four of which are Dead and two Princesses and has fair hopes of a more numerous Issue The King is of a Middle Stature and well-set his Hair brown of a healthful and vigorous Constitution and Sanguine Complexion never attacqued with any Violent Sickness but what has been occasion'd by some outward Accidents of which two especially have endangered his Life one was in the War when his Majesty riding on the Ice it brake and he fell into the Water which brought him into a Fever that he narrowly escaped The other happened by the fall off his Horse when he broke his Leg and was so ill treated by his Surgeons that besides the danger of his Life then the effects of their miscarriage are still seen in his Majesties halting There have happened to him two Accidents more which have impaired his Strength and it 's fear'd may shorten his Days One was That at Hunting Monsieur Wachmaster being in danger to be kill'd by a Bear the King was so eager to rescue him that he broke a Vein and was then like to have bled to Death and since hath been subject to bleeding upon any motion The other was That his Majesty hath formerly accustomed himself to ride Post such long Stages and with so great speed that he hath often been near suffocated by the heat the expence of his Spirits and the Agitation of his Blood whereof the effects are still observed and feared by those about him He possesses many Excellent and Princely Qualities an Exemplary Piety and Religious Disposition that shews its self in all his Actions and invincible Courage that has oft exposed his Person to great dangers not only in his Wars but in his Divertisements His Chastity and Temperance are very regular at least if there be any Instances of his failing in the latter upon any extraordinary Occasion or Entertainment he hath never been known or scarce suspected to violate the former Frugality is practised by his Majesty in a high degree and his Parsimonious Temper appears on all Occasions that if his Subjects think him too pressing for Money they have the Satisfaction to see and believe that it is laid either out or up for their Good not expended in profuse Liberalities or vain Divertisements to which his Majesty is a perfect Stranger neither delighted with Plays Gaming or any other Recreations besides Riding Fencing and Hunting His peaceable Demeanour may perhaps more justly be ascribed to the State of his Affairs than his own Nature which more powerfully inclines him to the Fatigue of a Camp than the Ease of a Court and suits better with a Martial Familiarity than the shews of Grandeur and the Solemnities of State The Cholerick Temper that hath been incident to all his Ancestors hath sometimes carried him to low Expressions of his Anger as well towards the greater as meaner sort of his
Care and great Wonders are expected from it but doubtless there is much more in their Imaginations than will ever be found in the Effect It is also found the King's Interest to keep the Nobility and Gentry very low In Matters of Religion his Majesty has no other Interest than to maintain the present Establishment and keep the Clergy to the due Performance of their Duty which admits of little or no difficulty In general the chief Domestick Interest of the King of Sueden is to preserve the Government in its present State and secure it such to his Successors it being constituted so much to the Advantage of the Royal Family that in that regard it can hardly be bettered by any Change In relation to Foreign Affairs it is apparently the Interest of Sueden to avoid all offensive War as being already in the quiet Possession of as many conquer'd Provinces on all sides as it can well defend tho' more would not displease them if they could be got with safety to maintain a good Correspondence with Moscovy by a due Observation of the Treaty lately concluded and endeavour to end the Point of Separation of the Limits which is the only Matter that can be like to create Trouble on that side with Poland Sueden has little occasion of difference or reason to apprehend any Quarrel neither does it seem the Interest of Sueden to aim at any further Enlargements in Germany but rather to use all good Offices to preserve the Treaty of Munster as the Foundation of its Right to Pomerania and Bremen which Provinces are of such Importance to Sueden as rendring it much more considerable to all Europe than it would otherwise be that they will never be parted with so long as Sueden is able to defend them The Intercourse with Denmark has seldom been friendly nor have there ever wanted Grounds of Quarrels when the Conjunctures were favourable tho' at present Sueden seems to have little occasion of Misintelligence with that Crown unless on the account of the State of Affairs abroad and the several Interests they have to mind therein their Agreement in Point of Trade seems to cement them but their Emulation in regard of a Mediation and in other Points is as likely to keep them at a distance nor is it at all probable they ever will or can so far surmount their mutual Distrusts as actually to take part on the same side But in regard of their own Affairs Sueden has gained so much from Denmark already and the Interest of the Trading part of Europe is so much concern'd to hinder it from getting more that being also inferior to Denmark by Sea it is not probable it will in many Years have any design of enlarging its Territories farther on that side tho' it has undoubtedly a longing Desire to Norway which would make it the sole Master of all Naval Stores And Denmark is so much weaker at Land that Sueden has no reason to apprehend it unless Domestick Confusions do happen which in all times Denmark has been ready to foment and has frequently profited by them and it is not very improbable but it may in not many Years have an opportunity of doing so again for which reason especially it is the Interest of Sueden to carry fair and live at peace with Denmark In Point of Alliances the less Sueden can depend upon its Neighbours the more careful it has been to entertain Friendship further from home especially with France which first began about 150 Years ago between Francis the First and Gustavus the First and subsisted till of late Years that the Emperor's Party was thought more agreeable to the Nation 's Interest which it has accordingly espoused The Friendship of England or Holland or both has ever been accounted indispensibly necessary to Sueden in regard of its Weakness by Sea neither has Sueden hitherto engaged in any War where both those Nations were Parties and if such a Case should happen 't is not to be doubted but Sueden would use all possible means to obtain a Peace for that the Country cannot subsist without a quick Vent of its own Commodities and continual Supplies of such Necessaries as it must receive from abroad of which it is very unusual to make any Provision before-hand or lay up greater Stores than what one Winter consumes CHAP. XVII An Extract of the History of Sueden THE Original of the Suedish Nations which their Historians ascribe to Magog Son of Iaphet whose Expedition thither they placed in the Year 88 after the Flood is built upon such uncertain Conjectures as neither deserves to be mention'd nor credited any more than the Names of the Kings supposed to succeed him invented by the Writers to fill up the Vacuities of those dark Times of which other Countries more likely to have been first planted can give so little account therefore tho' the Country might possibly have been early inhabited yet nothing of certainty can be known of it till the coming of Othinus or Woden who was driven out of Asia by Pompey the Great about Sixty Years before the Birth of Christ. From this Woden who as their Histories report conquer'd Moscovy Saxony Sueden Denmark and Norway all Northern Nations have been ambitious to derive their Extraction with him the Heathenish Religion that afterwards prevail'd in the North Witchcraft and other like Arts were brought in as also the Custom of raising great heaps of Earth upon the Graves of Persons of Note and Engraving of Funeral Inscriptions upon Rocks and Stones which yet remain in all Parts of the Country To Woden after his Death Divine Honours were paid as the God of War and as the two first Days of the Week were named after the Sun and Moon and Tuesday after T is or Disa an ancient Idol so Wednesday had its Name from him as Thursday from Thor and Friday from Frigga which three last were long the chief Objects of the Northern Idolatry The Succession of the Kings after Woden is full of confusion the Nation being sometimes parcell'd into several little Kingdoms sometimes into two Sueden and Gothia often subject to Denmark or Norway and sometimes Master of those Countries as also of others more distant where the Goths that forsook their Native Soil happened to plant themselves but when or on what particular occasions they made those Migrations is not certainly known nor how long they had been abroad when they first began to infest the Roman Empire about 300 Years after Christ. That the Saxons who were called into England about the Year 450 were originally a Colony of Goths is conjectured from the Agreement of their Language Laws and Customs But that the Suedes and Goths joyned with the Danes and Norwegians in their Invasion of England about the Year 800 we are assured from our own Historians that expresly mention them with the Character of Barbarous and Pagan Nations as they then were and the same may be concluded from the many Saxon Coyns that
at first received Governour of the Kingdom and two Years after had the Regal Dignity conferr'd on him and as the Danes and Norwegians had also expell'd King Christiern who had married Charles the 5th's Sister and repaired to the Imperial Court for Succour which he could not obtain to any purpose being upon his Landing in Norway defeated and taken Prisoner in which State he continued to his Death Therefore Gustavus was freed from all further trouble on that account and at liberty to redress the Disorders of the Kingdom which were great His first Contest was with the Clergy who had been the Authors of much Confusion in former Reigns to prevent which for the future he took all occasions to diminish their Revenues reuniting to the Crown all the Lands that had been given to the Church the last Hundred Years which together with the Reformation of Religion disquieted the first Ten Years of his Reign and occasioned frequent Commotions Which being over the remainder of his time pass'd without any disturbance at home or Wars abroad save only with Lubeck and sometimes with Moscovy Hitherto the Kingdom of Sueden had for several hundred Years been Elective but was at this time made Hereditary to the Male Issue of Gustavus in a right Line of Succession with reservation that in default of such Issue the Right of Election should return to the Estates Gustavus by his three Wives had four Sons and several Daughters his eldest Son Erick was to succeed to the Crown Iohn was made Duke of Finland Magnus Duke of Ostrogothia and Charles Duke of Sudermanland whereby those Provinces were in a manner dismembred from the Crown An Error in Policy that Sueden has so oft smarted for that they have since made solemn Resolutions never to be guilty of it again thus having in his Reign of Thirty six Years brought the Kingdom into such a flourishing Condition as it had not seen in many Ages and entail'd a Crown upon his Family in which it still continues He left it to his Son Erick who was thereby hindred from prosecuting his intended Voyage to England with hopes to marry Queen Elizabeth He Reigned Nine Years Five of which he kept his Brother Iohn close Prisoner upon Suspicion of his designing to supplant him as he finally did but not before Erick his making a Peasant's Daughter his Queen and by several cruel and dishonourable Actions had lost the Affections of all his Subjects so that he was without much difficulty deposed and condemned to a perpetual Prison where he ended his Life Upon his Deposition the Crown came to Iohn III. notwithstanding the States of the Kingdom had engaged their future Allegiance to King Erick's Son that he had by the Queen before Marriage The War with Moscovy which began in King Erick's time about Liefland was carried on by this King with good Success and several Places taken to which not only Muscovy but Poland and Denmark also pretended for as the Knights Templers had transferr'd their Right to Liefland upon Poland so the Muscovites had agreed to deliver it to Magnus Duke of Holstein the King of Denmark's Brother in consideration of a small Acknowledgement to the Czar of Muscovy as the Supream Lord So that Four great Nations claimed this Country at once which possibly might facilitate the Suedish Conquests This Prince's Reign was disquieted by his Attempt to alter the Establish'd Religion in which he made considerable progress but was sometimes in doubt whether he should endeavour an Vnion with the Latin or Greek Church to the former of which he at last declared himself but could not prevail with his Subjects to follow his Example He kept his Brother Erick Ten Years in Prison and then thought it necessary for Safety to have him poyson'd according to the Advice which it is said the States of the Kingdom had given His Brother Magnus did not Minister any Cause of Suspicion being disturbed in his Brain and uncapable of having any Design But his Brother Charles gave him sufficient occasion of Jealousie and it was not without great difficulty that things were kept from coming to an extremity between them After a Reign of Thirty six Years King Iohn died by the Fault of an ignorant Apothecary there being then no Physicians in Sueden to him succeeded his Son Sigismund whose Mother was Catharine a Princess of the Iagellan Family in Poland To which Crown Sigismund had been Elected Five Years before his Father died His Brother Iohn was in his Minority so that his Uncle Charles had the Government of the Kingdom till Sigismund came from Poland to be Crowned in Sueden which was not till about a Year after his Fathers decease His Coronation was retarded some Months by the Difficulties that arose about the Points of Religion and the Confirmation of Priviledges All which were at last accommodated and the King after a Years stay in Sueden returned to Poland leaving the Kingdom in great Confusion which daily encreas'd So that at his return some Years after he was met by his Uncle at the Head of an Army which defeated the Forces the King brought with him Whereupon an Accomodation being patched up he returned to Poland leaving his Uncle to manage the Government Which Post he held till the States being weary of Sigismund and having in vain brought him to consent to his Son's Advancement to the Crown which his Brother Iohn also refused They conferr'd it upon his Uncle Charles the 9th who thereby became engaged in a War with Poland as he was already with Muscovy the Scene of both being in Liefland where the Suedes lost Ground till the Affairs of Muscovy fell into such Confusion that they were forced to give Sueden a Peace that they might have its Assistance against the Poles and Tartars which was granted upon Terms very advantageous for Sueden and sent under the Conduct of Count Iacob de la Gardie who did Muscovy great Service but the Muscovites failing to perform the Conditions stipulated he broke with them and took the City of Novogrod and disposed the Inhabitants with others of the Neighbouring Provinces to desire Prince Charles Phillip the King 's younger Son to be their Czar which was so long in treating about that the Opportunity was lost The Year before this King's Death a War broke out with Denmark in which State he left the Kingdom to his Son Gustavus Adolphus who having ended the War with Denmark by the Mediation of Iames the 1st of England applied himself to that in Leifland and Muscovy To the Borders of which he sent his Brother not with an Intention to procure his Establishment in that Throne which he rather aimed at for himself But to induce the fortified Places adjacent to Finland and Liefland to accept of Suedish Garisons in Prince Charles Phillip's Name which succeeded in a great measure till another was chosen Czar with whom after various Success on both sides a Peace was concluded by the
Mediation of England and Holland by which Sueden besides part of Liefland got the Country of Ingermanland and the Province of Kexholm with several fortified Places and wholly shut out the Muscovites from the East Sea The Polish War that had some short Intervals of Truces was of a longer continuance and no less beneficial to Sueden which in the Course of it took Riga and all other Places the Poles had in Liefland except only one Fort and thence carried the War into Prussia with the like Success till at last by the Interposition of England France c. a Truce was concluded for six Years This gave Gustavus leisure to engage in the German War to which he was both provoked by the Emperour and encouraged by others The Year following he began that Expedition and on Iune 24. arriving in the Mouth of the Odor he Landed his little Army that consisted of Sixteen Troops of Horse and Ninety two Companies of Foot making about Eight Thousand Men which besides other Additions was augmented by Six Regiments of English and Scotch under Duke Hamilton but more by the King 's incredible Success Upon his first approach Stetin and all Pomerania fell into his Hands The Year following having joyned the Elector of Saxony he gave the Emperour's Army under General Tilly a total Overthrow near Liepsig Whence he traversed Franconia the Palatinate Bavaria c. till the next Year at the Battle of Lutzen where his Army was again victorious he was treacherously kill'd as 't is believed by Francis Albert Duke of Saxon Lawemburgh not only to the great Joy of the Imperialists but of France and other his Friends who envied and feared the farther Encrease of his Greatness By his Death the Crown fell to his Daughter Christina a Princess of Five Years old in whose Favour her Father had gained the States of the Kingdom to alter the Hereditary Vnion as 't is stiled which restrained the Succession to the Male Line In her Minority the Chancellor Axel Oxenstiern had the Direction of the Suedish Affairs in Germany where the War was prosecuted with variety of Success but much to the Advantage of Sueden which was possest of above a Hundred fortified Places and had an Army exceeding 100000 Men when Prince Charles Gustave was Generalissimo A little before the Conclusion of the Treaty of Munster by which Sueden obtained for its Satisfaction the Dukedoms of Pomerania Bremen and Verdeu with the City of Wismar and a Right of Session to Vote in the Diets of the Empire and Circle of Lower Saxony as also the Sum of five Millions of Crowns The Queen had for several years entertained a Resolution to quit the Crown which she at last effected and after having procured Prince Charles Gustavus to be declared Hereditary Prince whom the States would gladly have had the Queen married but neither he nor she were inclined to it with much Solemnity she divested her self of the Crown and released her Subjects from their Allegiance which the same day was conferred upon Charles ' Gustavus who the year following made War upon Poland to revenge the Affront done to him in protesting against his Admission to the Crown his Progress at first surprized not only Poland but alarm'd all Europe for in three Months time he had taken all Prussia except Dantzick a great part of Lithuania the Cities of Warsaw Cracaw and other places in the Greater and Lesser Poland Most of the People of those Provinces swearing Allegiance to him as being Deserted by King Casimir who was fled into Silesia but this Career of Prosperity did not long continue the first Consternation being over the Poles were as ready to fall from him as they had been to embrace his Party besides the Emperour Moscovy and Holland became his Enemies as also Denmark which gave the King of Sueden an honourable Occasion of quitting Poland where he could not long have subsisted having therefore left his Brother Prince Adolph Governour of Prussia he hastened to Denmark which he soon reduced to a necessity of Buying Peace at the price of the Provinces of Schonen Halland and Bleaking which was concluded in the following Spring but broke out again in few Months The King of Sueden unexpectedly Landing an Army the following Summer in Seelandt where he took the Castle of Cronenburgh at the Entrance of the Sound but had not the like Success at Copenhagen which was besieged and stormed in vain and being the following Summer relieved by a Fleet from Holland the Siege was turn'd into a Blockade and continued so till Charles Gustave having by his bold and successful Attempts in six years time drawn upon Sueden the Enmity of almost all Europe was taken away by a Feaver and left the Crown to his Son Charles XI the present King whose Ministers obtain'd Peace with Poland Moscovy the Emperour Brandenburgh Holland and Denmark upon Honourable Conditions which continued till it was interrupted by the late War of which an Account has been given already FINIS 1250. 1279. 1290. 1319. 1363. 1388. 1396. 1440. 1448. 1458. 1463. 1468. 1471. 1497. 1501. 1504. 1512. 1521. 1559. 1568. 1592. 1598. 1604. 1611. Sept. 7. 1631. Jan 6. 1654. 1658. 1660.