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and_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o prostitute_v his_o dignity_n 1195_o lescus_n the_o white_a 1199_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o old_a again_o lescus_n the_o white_a again_o 1202_o mieceslaus_n the_o old_a a_o three_o time_n 1203_o vadislaus_n lasconogus_n or_o small-shanked_a 1206_o lescus_n the_o white_a a_o three_o time_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o teutonick_n knight_n or_o knight_n of_o the_o cross_n take_v foot_v in_o prussia_n be_v call_v in_o by_o his_o brother_n conradus_n duke_n of_o masovia_n and_o cujavia_n to_o assist_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n 1226_o boleslaus_n iv_o surname_v the_o chaste_a because_o he_o never_o know_v his_o wife_n all_o the_o while_o he_o be_v marry_v to_o she_o in_o his_o time_n the_o polander_n receive_v so_o great_a a_o overthrow_n from_o the_o tartar_n that_o the_o right_a ear_n only_o of_o the_o slay_v fill_v nine_o large_a sack_n 1279_o lescus_n the_o black_n during_o his_o reign_n the_o tartar_n make_v another_o inundation_n into_o poland_n and_o carry_v away_o so_o many_o captive_n that_o it_o be_v say_v above_o 21000_o virgin_n be_v count_v among_o they_o at_o the_o division_n of_o their_o booty_n the_o man_n they_o general_o murder_v and_o poison_v their_o heart_n cast_v they_o into_o the_o water_n from_o whence_o sundry_a new_a disease_n be_v occasion_v among_o other_o some_o say_v the_o plica_fw-la polonica_fw-la 1295_o premislaus_n he_o reign_v seven_o month_n and_o in_o that_o time_n re-assumed_n the_o title_n of_o king_n be_v crown_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n 1296_o vladislaus_n lochius_fw-la so_o call_v from_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o stature_n lokiek_v signify_v a_o ell._n 1300_o wenceslaus_n the_o bohemian_a 1305_o vladislaus_n lochius_fw-la again_o 1333_o casimirus_n surname_v the_o great_a and_o the_o last_o of_o the_o family_n of_o piasti_n to_o who_o poland_n owe_v all_o its_o beauty_n grandeur_n and_o
october_n they_o have_v a_o general_a rendezvous_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n who_o bring_v with_o they_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v loaf_n of_o bread_n and_o vessel_n full_a of_o beer_n these_o they_o set_v on_o a_o table_n spread_v with_o hay_n that_o do_v they_o bring_v out_o a_o young_a heifer_n a_o boar_n and_o a_o sow_n a_o cock_n and_o hen_n with_o other_o such_o cattle_n and_o poultry_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v in_o pair_n male_a and_o female_a when_o thing_n be_v thus_o in_o readiness_n out_o come_v a_o old_a priest_n or_o wizard_n who_o mumble_v over_o a_o few_o hard_a word_n give_v the_o sacrifice_n a_o blow_n with_o a_o stick_n which_o stroke_n be_v second_v by_o the_o whole_a company_n till_o the_o heifer_n be_v dead_a and_o beat_v to_o piece_n whilst_o this_o ceremony_n last_v they_o cry_v this_o oblation_n of_o thanksgiving_n we_o make_v thou_o o_o ziemiennik_n so_o they_o call_v the_o feign_a god_n for_o that_o it_o have_v please_v thou_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o all_o the_o evil_n of_o the_o year_n past_a and_o we_o beseech_v thou_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v we_o for_o the_o future_a from_o fire_n sword_z pestilence_n and_o all_o our_o enemy_n after_o this_o they_o take_v a_o little_a of_o every_o dish_n they_o have_v provide_v and_o put_v it_o in_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o house_n and_o in_o the_o ground_n cry_v aloud_o accept_v o_o ziemiennik_n our_o offering_n eat_v with_o we_o and_o be_v merry_a the_o solemnity_n thus_o over_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n in_o feast_v and_o drunkenness_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o great_a town_n in_o samogitia_n of_o any_o consequence_n mzdniki_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o despicable_a city_n all_o the_o rest_n scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o village_n lithvania_n and_o this_o province_n have_v all_o along_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n they_o be_v both_o at_o once_o subject_a to_o the_o russian_n at_o once_o overrun_v by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o at_o once_o convert_v from_o idolatry_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n livonia_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o russia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finland-bay_n on_o the_o south_n with_o samogitia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lithvania_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o 500_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n near_o 160._o the_o country_n be_v general_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a abound_v with_o corn_n and_o honey_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fenny_a full_a of_o lake_n and_o river_n the_o many_o conquest_n this_o land_n have_v suffer_v have_v make_v its_o inhabitant_n a_o medley_n of_o moscovite_n swede_n dane_n polander_n and_o german_n but_o the_o last_o have_v the_o great_a share_n in_o the_o country_n whence_o the_o generality_n speak_v high-dutch_a the_o common_a people_n be_v use_v as_o hardly_o here_o as_o in_o poland_n or_o lithvania_n and_o the_o nobility_n lord_n it_o as_o much_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n be_v vice_n the_o lieflander_n be_v general_o addict_v to_o from_o the_o great_a lord_n to_o the_o mean_a peasant_n the_o boar_n will_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o get_v a_o live_n consider_v the_o untolerable_a drudgery_n they_o undergo_v if_o they_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_a hare_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n in_o these_o part_n white_a in_o winter_n and_o brown_a in_o summer_n fox_n bear_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o author_n that_o liefland_n be_v first_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o sigismond_n augustus_n though_o the_o story_n be_v tell_v different_a way_n kojalowicz_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n furstenburg_n master_n of_o the_o liefland_n order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o his_o turn_n lutheran_n have_v frequent_a quarrel_n with_o william_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n who_o he_o accuse_v at_o a_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o winden_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n of_o betray_v curland_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n his_o kinsman_n upon_o this_o pretence_n he_o immediate_o enter_v the_o archbishops_n territory_n with_o a_o army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n king_n sigismond_n hear_v this_o wage_n war_n with_o liefland_n and_o a.d._n 1557_o conquer_v it_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o better_a pretension_n than_o these_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o arise_v many_o skirmish_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n touch_v point_n of_o religion_n yet_o during_o furstenburg_n government_n ivan_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n and_o not_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n overrun_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n against_o who_o gothard_n ketler_n furstenburg_n successor_n request_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n sigismond_n who_o quick_o beat_v the_o moscovian_a out_o of_o his_o hold_n and_o create_v gothard_n duke_n of_o curland_n annex_v the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o he_o find_v this_o country_n be_v easy_o conquer_v than_o keep_v for_o the_o revalians_n find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovian_o commit_v their_o land_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n whereupon_o this_o king_n think_v his_o title_n to_o liefland_n be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o polander_n especial_o since_o ferdinand_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v he_o the_o sole_a charge_n of_o defend_v it_o upon_o these_o pretension_n he_o present_o rout_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o habsal_n lehale_n parnow_n and_o other_o place_n and_o put_v into_o they_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o beside_o the_o polish_v interest_n receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o fatal_a blow_n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n duke_n of_o finland_n marry_v katherine_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o who_o he_o lend_v 80000_o some_o say_v 124000_o dollar_n upon_o a_o mortgage_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o wittenstein_n karchise_v frichate_n helmult_n ermise_n ruja_n and_o bortwic_n all_o in_o liefland_n return_v into_o sweden_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o king_n eric_n his_o brother_n of_o high_a treason_n in_o offer_v to_o make_v a_o confederacy_n as_o he_o call_v it_o with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n without_o his_o consent_n in_o this_o rage_n the_o king_n rob_v his_o brother_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o take_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o without_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v more_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o moscovite_n not_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n with_o irresistible_a force_n create_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o holstein_n king_n of_o liefland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n perceive_v matter_n bring_v to_o this_o pass_n they_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o petit_fw-fr animosity_n between_o their_o two_o kingdom_n and_o to_o join_v force_n against_o their_o common_a enemy_n the_o moscovite_n fear_v lest_o otherwise_o whilst_o they_o two_o stand_v quarrel_v for_o each_o a_o shell_n he_o shall_v snatch_v away_o the_o fish_n and_o indeed_o this_o confederacy_n prove_v very_o successful_a to_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1580_o retake_v many_o strong_a hold_v from_o the_o moscovite_n as_o lode_n lehale_n habsal_n narwe_v the_o province_n of_o wicki_n wittenstein_n carelogrod_n etc._n etc._n steven_n king_n of_o poland_n fear_v lest_o if_o the_o swede_n go_v on_o with_o the_o same_o success_n and_o vigour_n he_o begin_v with_o he_o will_v bring_v all_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o beck_n clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o moscovite_n unknown_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v restore_v all_o the_o place_n he_o have_v take_v in_o lithvania_n that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n king_n stephen_n shall_v restore_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n vielikoluk_n and_o some_o other_o fort_n he_o have_v take_v in_o these_o war_n after_o this_o when_o sigismond_n son_n of_o john_n the_o three_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n elect_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n admit_v he_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v annex_v all_o that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o be_v under_o his_o government_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n the_o three_o come_v to_o he_o crown_n of_o sweden_n can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v persuade_v to_o grant_v this_o request_n when_o he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o kingdom_n there_o arise_v bloody_a war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o manner_n model_v by_o different_a law_n the_o second_o great_a epocha_n in_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n be_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 108._o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n a_o virtuous_a and_o pious_a prince_n he_o never_o lay_v any_o tax_n or_o imposition_n upon_o his_o subject_n but_o be_v content_a with_o the_o crown-patrimony_n and_o when_o money_n be_v offer_v he_o by_o his_o people_n he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o he_o build_v the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vpsal_n and_o propagate_v christianity_n to_o the_o finlander_n this_o king_n new_o model_v all_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o expunge_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v paganism_n he_o be_v murder_v by_o a_o party_n of_o rebel_n and_o in_o the_o very_a place_n where_o they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n there_o present_o issue_v out_o say_v loccen_n a_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n famous_a for_o cure_v disease_n 109._o charles_n vii_o a_o peaceable_a and_o religious_a king_n who_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o have_v a_o archbishop_n see_v grant_v he_o in_o his_o own_o dominion_n 110._o canutus_n son_n to_o ericus_n 111._o suercherus_fw-la ii_o 112._o ericus_n x_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 113._o john_n ay_o surname_v the_o meek_a he_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n among_o the_o leiflander_n 114._o ericus_n xi_o surname_v the_o stammerer_n he_o root_v out_o paganism_n in_o tavastia_n and_o bring_v over_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n 115._o waldemarus_n son_n to_o bergerus_n jerl_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n in_o his_o father_n absence_n be_v clect_v king_n which_o his_o father_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o at_o his_o return_n declare_v his_o displeasure_n that_o a_o unexperienced_a youth_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o himself_o disregard_v he_o be_v thereupon_o desire_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n after_o his_o death_n waldemarus_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o rule_v by_o his_o own_o unfortunate_a command_v he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o people_n and_o his_o crown_n give_v to_o 116._o magnus_n i_o surname_v ladulaus_n i._n e._n the_o lock_n to_o granary_n because_o he_o make_v such_o severe_a law_n against_o steal_v corn_n and_o break_v up_o granary_n that_o in_o his_o reign_n the_o people_n use_v neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n his_o law_n be_v sufficien_fw-fr to_o secure_v they_o from_o thief_n and_o robber_n he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o make_v several_a wholesome_a law_n order_v that_o all_o offender_n instead_o of_o pay_v mulct_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o build_v some_o tower_n or_o fort._n 117._o birgerus_n son_n to_o magnus_n in_o his_o time_n and_o by_o his_o mean_n carelia_n receive_v the_o gospel_n he_o manage_v affair_n imprudent_o and_o thereupon_o be_v depose_v and_o banish_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o kingdom_n confer_v on_o 118._o magnus_fw-la ii_o surname_v smeek_a i._n e._n the_o flatter_a or_o cocker_v prince_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o rule_v peaceable_o and_o have_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n but_o fall_v into_o sottishness_n and_o follow_v strange_a woman_n he_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v in_o a_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n public_o arraign_v for_o his_o misdemeanour_n call_v for_o to_o answer_v for_o himself_o and_o not_o appear_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o they_o depose_v ericus_n xii_o son_n to_o magnus_n sometime_o during_o his_o father_n reign_n manage_v all_o business_n of_o state_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v by_o some_o reckon_v among_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n though_o without_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o be_v only_o a_o assistant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o council_n not_o a_o partner_n in_o the_o government_n the_o four_o swedish_n epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o remarkable_a alteration_n of_o affair_n under_o 119._o albertus_n of_o mecklebourg_n elect_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n for_o some_o time_n he_o rule_v well_o but_o prefer_v germane_a to_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trust_n in_o his_o kingdom_n he_o thereupon_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o crown_n to_o boot_v after_o he_o be_v depose_v he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n the_o person_n who_o succeed_v be_v 120._o margarita_n queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n she_o vex_v her_o subject_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n admit_v dane_n englishman_n and_o italian_n into_o public_a office_n and_o be_v thereupon_o assault_v by_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v certain_o slay_v she_o have_v she_o not_o give_v they_o fair_a promise_n and_o propose_v to_o they_o one_o to_o succeed_v she_o viz._n 121._o ericus_n xiii_o her_o nephew_n son_n to_o wartislavus_n duke_n of_o pomeren_n he_o be_v king_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o marry_v philippe_n daughter_n to_o henry_n iv_o then_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o time_n he_o reign_v happy_o but_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o observe_v his_o coronation-oath_n he_o fall_v into_o great_a trouble_n and_o at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v three_o crown_n for_o five_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v dethrone_v by_o his_o subject_n this_o king_n after_o he_o be_v depose_v be_v say_v to_o have_v turn_v pirate_n and_o very_o much_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n his_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n be_v give_v to_o 122._o christophorus_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n this_o king_n revise_v and_o correct_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o sweden_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v from_o he_o call_v christopher_n law_n he_o die_v sudden_o at_o helsinburg_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o consult_v with_o his_o noble_n at_o jenecopia_n after_o this_o king_n death_n there_o be_v a_o interregnum_fw-la for_o some_o small_a time_n during_o which_o all_o public_a business_n be_v manage_v by_o one_o benedictus_n bielke_n and_o nicolaus_n banner_n two_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n christophorus_n the_o five_o epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v undertake_v by_o 123._o carolus_n viii_o canuti_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothish_a king_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o pretend_a title_n to_o gotlandia_n which_o the_o dane_n then_o possess_v and_o thereupon_o make_v war_n with_o christianus_n i_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o with_o small_a success_n he_o lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n heavy_a and_o grievous_a tax_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o church_n land_n and_o pious_a donation_n lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o expel_v or_o rather_o by_o the_o danish_a force_n drive_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n his_o friend_n who_o he_o in_o his_o banishment_n trust_v himself_o with_o be_v casimirus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o entertain_v he_o noble_o for_o seven_o year_n during_o which_o time_n sweden_n be_v govern_v by_o 124._o christiernus_fw-la i._n king_n of_o denmark_n call_v hither_o by_o the_o prevail_a faction_n but_o seize_v the_o public_a treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commit_v many_o cruelty_n he_o be_v short_o after_o depose_v from_o be_v king_n and_o 125._o carolus_n canuti_n recall_v from_o dantzick_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v trouble_v with_o civil_a commotion_n at_o home_n chief_o manage_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n and_o endanger_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n from_o abroad_o command_v by_o the_o depose_v king_n christiernus_fw-la i._n he_o voluntary_o leave_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o appoint_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o nephew_n 126._o steno_n stir_v senior_n who_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n rather_o as_o a_o protector_n than_o a_o absolute_a governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o manage_v all_o public_a affair_n very_o happy_o and_o with_o great_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o people_n for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o act_v in_o several_a matter_n without_o their_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n for_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o riga_n against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o which_o the_o russes_z taking_z advantage_n have_v make_v some_o inroad_n into_o livonia_n and_o finland_n and_o suchlike_a crime_n and_o thereupon_o by_o they_o turn_v out_o of_o all_o office_n the_o kingdom_n be_v confer_v on_o 127._o john_n ii_o son_n to_o christiern_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o take_v steno_n stir_v into_o favour_n and_o go_v as_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o visit_v his_o dominion_n leave_v he_o viceroy_n at_o stockholm_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o
christian_n whereupon_o he_o be_v baptize_v in_o the_o year_n 826_o and_o immediate_o restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o he_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o continue_v heathen_a till_o reclaim_v by_o st._n anschar_n who_o for_o his_o good_a office_n in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 835._o 2._o eric_n succeed_v his_o brother_n harald_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o cruelty_n against_o the_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o day_n about_o the_o year_n 853_o the_o dane_n first_o enter_v france_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n rollo_n though_o other_o more_o probable_o relate_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o northern_a rover_n that_o invade_v france_n but_o to_o have_v succeed_v to_o gotfrid_n and_o to_o have_v enter_v france_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o and_o not_o to_o have_v be_v peaceable_o settle_v in_o normandy_n till_o 889_o or_o 890_o see_v the_o history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o that_o part_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n 3._o eric_n barn_n or_o the_o child_n be_v the_o only_a male_n leave_v alive_a of_o the_o royal_a family_n after_o the_o bloody_a war_n between_o his_o predecessor_n and_o guthorm_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n happy_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n guthorm_n but_o within_o awhile_o he_o grow_v more_o cruel_a than_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v slay_v more_o bishop_n and_o destroy_v more_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n both_o in_o germany_n and_o england_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n put_v together_o in_o his_o german_a war_n he_o slay_v brunno_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o twelve_o count_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 902._o 4._o canutus_n the_o hairy_a or_o lodneknudt_fw-ge succeed_v his_o father_n eric_n in_o his_o day_n say_v king_n eric_n in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la every_o three_o man_n in_o denmark_n go_v by_o lot_n to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n so_o that_o those_o who_o march_v off_o overrun_v all_o prussia_n semgal_n curland_n and_o several_a other_o country_n whence_o they_o never_o return_v but_o there_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o day_n he_o die_v a_o heathen_a about_o the_o year_n 912._o 5._o after_o the_o death_n of_o canutus_n the_o danish_a sceptre_n be_v give_v to_o frotho_n his_o son_n so_o say_v the_o most_o credible_a historian_n though_o lindenbruch_n report_v that_o his_o brother_n sueno_n reign_v nine_o year_n he_o be_v twenty_o year_n king_n of_o england_n and_o denmark_n in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o be_v baptize_v and_o die_v a_o good_a christian_n 6._o gormo_n gormund_n or_o guthrum_n surname_v hartesnute_n and_o engelend_a because_o bear_v in_o england_n succeed_v his_o father_n he_o together_o with_o his_o follower_n be_v baptize_v at_o aalre_a in_o sommersetshire_n and_o have_v our_o learned_a and_o pious_a king_n aelfr_v to_o his_o godfather_n who_o at_o the_o font_n give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o athelstane_n and_o afterward_o bestow_v on_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n from_o this_o gormo_n a_o village_n near_o huntingdon_n call_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n corrupt_o godman-chester_n have_v its_o name_n gormon-chester_n as_o cambden_n prove_v from_o that_o old_a verse_n gormonis_fw-la a_o castri_fw-la nomine_fw-la nomen_fw-la habet_fw-la i_o be_o very_o unwilling_a i_o must_v confess_v to_o confound_v this_o gormo_n with_o king_n aelfred_n godson_n who_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v learn_v from_o english_a writer_n never_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n neither_o do_v the_o time_n agree_v but_o the_o danish_a historian_n will_v have_v it_o so_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o seek_v for_o satisfaction_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o confusion_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o writing_n 7._o harald_n surname_v blaatand_v succeed_v his_o father_n gormo_n in_o his_o day_n the_o dane_n throw_v up_o that_o famous_a trench_n between_o gottorp_n and_o sleswic_n call_v dannewirck_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o 8._o sueno_n or_o svenotho_n surname_v tuiskeg_n i._n e._n fork'd-beard_n succeed_v harald_n at_o first_o he_o be_v a_o heathen_a and_o a_o severe_a persecutor_n of_o the_o christian_n but_o afterward_o he_o turn_v christian_n himself_o and_o found_v three_o bishopric_n at_o sleswic_n ripe_n and_o arhuse_v some_o say_v he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1012_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o york_n other_o make_v he_o live_v till_o the_o year_n 1014_o and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n in_o denmark_n 9_o canutus_n the_o great_a son_n to_o sueno_n he_o be_v at_o once_o king_n of_o england_n denmark_n sweden_n norway_n slavonia_n and_o sambland_n some_o make_v he_o king_n or_o duke_n at_o least_o of_o normandy_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o old_a distich_n which_o not_o reckon_v either_o slavonia_n or_o sambland_n a_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o in_o thus_o speak_v of_o himself_o facta_fw-la mihi_fw-la magni_fw-la pepererunt_fw-la inclyta_fw-la nomen_fw-la quinque_fw-la sub_fw-la imperio_fw-la regna_fw-la fuere_fw-la meo_fw-la he_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 1036_o after_o he_o have_v be_v twenty-seven_o year_n king_n of_o denmark_n twentyfour_o of_o england_n and_o seven_o of_o norway_n leave_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n to_o his_o son_n 10._o hardicnute_a who_o within_o four_o year_n obtain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n harald_n here_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1041_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o winchester_n 11._o magnus_n king_n of_o norway_n seize_v on_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o hardicnute_a pretend_v a_o title_n to_o it_o by_o contract_n but_o he_o enjoy_v it_o not_o long_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1048_o and_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o 12._o sveno_fw-la esthret_n son_n on_o one_o vlf_n a_o english_a earl_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o leave_v behind_o he_o five_o son_n who_o all_o of_o they_o sit_v successive_o in_o their_o father_n throne_n 13._o harald_n sveno_n elder_a son_n hold_v the_o sceptre_n only_o two_o year_n he_o be_v a_o soft_a easy_a and_o timorous_a prince_n afraid_a to_o punish_v offender_n or_o to_o look_v a_o enemy_n in_o the_o face_n so_o that_o the_o english_a make_v use_n of_o the_o opportunity_n shake_v off_o the_o danish_a yoke_n without_o any_o considerable_a molestation_n 14._o st._n canutus_n king_n swain_n second_o son_n be_v barbarous_o murder_v in_o st._n alban_n church_n in_o odensee_n a_o city_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o funen_n whither_o he_o flee_v for_o sanctuary_n from_o the_o rage_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1088_o pontanus_n say_v 1077_o the_o occasion_n be_v this_o the_o pious_a king_n command_v that_o all_o his_o subject_n shall_v pay_v tithe_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n this_o edict_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o people_n by_o his_o brother_n olaf_n who_o long_v for_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a whereupon_o they_o quick_o rise_v in_o open_a rebellion_n against_o their_o sovereign_n who_o to_o appease_v the_o rage_n of_o the_o rabble_n be_v martyr_v 15._o olaf_n swain_n three_o son_n upon_o the_o slaughter_n of_o his_o brother_n cnute_n which_o he_o traitorous_o have_v procure_v be_v by_o his_o follower_n unanimous_o declare_v king_n but_o his_o brother_n blood_n go_v not_o long_o unrevenged_a for_o in_o this_o king_n day_n the_o famine_n be_v so_o great_a in_o denmark_n that_o even_o the_o king_n household_n want_v bread_n olaf_n at_o last_o sensible_a that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o sin_n pray_v that_o god_n will_v turn_v the_o current_n of_o his_o vengeance_n from_o the_o people_n upon_o his_o head_n that_o have_v offend_v his_o prayer_n be_v hear_v and_o the_o same_o night_n in_o the_o year_n 1096_o he_o die_v hungry_a and_o miserable_a and_o the_o famine_n immediate_o abate_v 16._o eric_n swain_n four_o son_n surname_v the_o good_a for_o his_o religious_a zeal_n and_o piety_n who_o die_v in_o his_o pilgrimage_n towards_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o in_o his_o day_n lunden_n be_v make_v a_o archbishop_n see_v before_o which_o time_n all_o the_o danish_a bishop_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 17._o nicolas_n sveno_n young_a son_n he_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o jute_n in_o revenge_n of_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
top_n of_o a_o hill_n command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n be_v first_o build_v by_o adolph_n of_o schaumburg_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o holstein_n earl_n adolph_n iv_o found_v a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_a minorite_n in_o this_o city_n which_o upon_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n into_o this_o country_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a territory_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hospital_n 2._o rensborg_n or_o reinholsburg_n found_v by_o one_o reinold_n of_o who_o we_o have_v no_o further_o account_v then_o that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o some_o great_a nobleman_n this_o be_v the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n environ_v with_o the_o byder_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v by_o earl_n gerhard_n the_o great_a 3._o wilster_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o soon_o after_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o stor_n 4._o nieumunster_n seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n of_o the_o stor_n not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n be_v only_o a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o saxony_n until_o lotharius_n great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bestow_v it_o upon_o adolph_n earl_n of_o schaumburg_n or_o schouwanburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1114._o since_o which_o time_n we_o have_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n 1._o adolph_n of_o schouwenburg_n the_o first_o absolute_a prince_n of_o holstein_n on_o who_o the_o earldom_n be_v bestow_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o his_o german_a and_o danish_a war_n 2._o adolph_n ii_o son_n to_o adolph_n the_o i._o have_v obtain_v his_o father_n earldom_n cast_v out_o the_o slavonian_n who_o a_o little_a before_o his_o time_n have_v overrun_v all_o this_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o plant_v in_o their_o room_n colony_n of_o german_n frisian_n and_o nether_a saxon_n in_o the_o quarrel_n among_o the_o three_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n sueno_n canutus_n and_o waldemar_n he_o side_v with_o canutus_n and_o have_v settle_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o king_n sueno_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o promise_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arms._n he_o leave_v the_o earldom_n to_o his_o son_n 3_o adolph_n iii_o who_o after_o many_o skirmish_n and_o battle_n with_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o keep_v close_a prisoner_n by_o that_o king_n who_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o some_o other_o grant_v he_o his_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n which_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v hitherto_o pretend_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n or_o any_o other_o place_n former_o subject_a to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o quiet_o retire_v to_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o ancestor_n at_o schouwenburg_n but_o these_o article_n though_o at_o the_o first_o secure_v by_o hostage_n be_v not_o long_o observe_v by_o his_o son_n 4._o adolph_n iu._n who_o associate_a to_o himself_o henry_n earl_n of_o zurin_n gerhard_n bishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o some_o other_o petit_fw-fr prince_n begin_v a_o rebellion_n against_o king_n waldemar_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n his_o father_n have_v be_v beat_v out_o of_o and_o renounce_v his_o son_n 5._o gerhard_n enjoy_v peaceable_o the_o dominion_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o be_v for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n at_o imsburg_n by_o the_o folchung_n a_o noble_a family_n in_o sweden_n for_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o ingemar_n a_o upstart_n gentleman_n but_o great_a favourite_n of_o their_o king_n magnus_n who_o they_o slay_v in_o a_o rage_n and_o cast_v his_o companion_n into_o prison_n 6._o henry_n gerhards_n son_n be_v the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o a_o custom-house_n in_o hamburg_n which_o bring_v in_o no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o successor_n 7._o gerhard_n the_o second_o son_n of_o henry_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o christopher_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v make_v protector_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n waldemar_n the_o three_o by_o these_o advantage_n his_o power_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o he_o venture_v to_o style_v himself_o duke_n of_o jutland_n and_o by_o degree_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n if_o not_o timely_o take_v off_o by_o one_o ebbo_n a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o murder_v he_o in_o his_o bed_n at_o randerhusen_n 8._o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o gerhard_n ii_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o ambassador_n send_v from_o that_o court_n a._n d._n 1363._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o candour_n courteous_a in_o his_o behaviour_n and_o exceed_o chaste_a and_o temperate_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n in_o short_a a_o man_n that_o have_v in_o he_o all_o the_o royal_a virtue_n that_o may_v deserve_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o modesty_n to_o refuse_v one_o when_o offer_v 9_o gerhard_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v son_fw-it after_o he_o have_v get_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n annex_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dithmarss_n who_o he_o have_v require_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n his_o son_n 10._o henry_n the_o three_o be_v deny_v that_o right_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n which_o his_o father_n have_v enjoy_v make_v war_n against_o eric_n the_o eight_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o which_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o flensburg_n he_o be_v slay_v 11._o adolph_n v._o common_o call_v the_o twelve_o by_o those_o that_o reckon_v all_o the_o earl_n of_o young_a house_n succeed_v his_o brother_n henry_n and_o be_v the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1440_o he_o receive_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o christopher_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n swear_v fealty_n to_o that_o crown_n christian_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n son_n of_o hedvigis_fw-la sister_n to_o henry_n and_o adolph_n the_o two_o last_o earl_n of_o holstein_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n adolph_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o dithmarss_n and_o change_v into_o a_o dukedom_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o a._n d._n 1474._o when_o this_o christian_a be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n become_v a_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o germany_n to_o their_o crown_n be_v reckon_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o duke_n of_o holstein_n though_o not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o any_o diet._n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o holstein_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v give_v to_o adolph_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n a._n d._n 1562_o who_o govern_v it_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n by_o turn_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o this_o duke_n and_o his_o issue_n male_a the_o title_n be_v confer_v on_o vlric_n king_n christian_n the_o four_o brother_n since_o his_o day_n there_o have_v be_v several_a house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n as_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n among_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n be_v chief_a and_o challenge_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v at_o first_o confer_v upon_o duke_n adolph_n king_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n jealous_a of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gottorp_n force_v this_o prince_n to_o quit_v his_o dukedom_n and_o leave_v his_o majesty_n in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o holstein_n but_o at_o the_o sign_v of_o the_o treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n at_o fountenblaeu_o on_o the_o second_o of_o september_n 1679_o the_o danish_a minister_n promise_v their_o master_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n restore_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n all_o his_o country_n town_n and_o place_n in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v and_o the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o all_o which_o he_o
sweden_n in_o derision_n of_o her_o sex_n send_v she_o to_o sharp_a her_o needle_n on_o this_o scoff_n cost_v he_o seven_o year_n imprisonment_n and_o a_o renunciation_n of_o all_o the_o right_n he_o pretend_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o which_o article_n the_o hans-town_n be_v surety_n 2._o elseneur_n elseneur_n elseneur_n call_v otherwise_o helsenoer_n helschenoer_n helsingor_n and_o halsingor_n as_o the_o opposite_a castle_n in_o schonen_fw-mi be_v by_o adam_n bremensis_n halsingburg_n be_v so_o name_v q._n d._n halsen-ore_a i._n e._n a_o ear_n in_o the_o neck_n because_o at_o first_o a_o watchtower_n seat_v on_o that_o neck_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o dane_n oresundt_n which_o part_v seeland_n from_o schonen_fw-mi here_o pontanus_n fancy_v ptolomy_n hellevones_n have_v their_o habitation_n the_o chief_a ornament_n and_o strength_n of_o this_o town_n lay_v in_o croneburg_n a_o royal_a and_o impregnable_a castle_n which_o command_v 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this_o piece_n add_v further_o that_o here_o the_o lock_n and_o bar_n in_o the_o window_n be_v all_o of_o beat_a silver_n etc._n etc._n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o house_n be_v all_o freestone_n but_o the_o upper_a building_n brick_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a wood_n about_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o elsineur_n and_o copenhagen_n the_o adjoin_a park_n be_v first_o stock_v with_o fallow_a deer_n send_v thither_o out_o of_o england_n in_o the_o 24._o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n 4._o ringstede_n ringstede_n ringstede_n a_o town_n of_o the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o any_o except_v roschild_n in_o denmark_n where_o lie_v bury_v many_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n particular_o king_n waldemar_n the_o first_o and_o eric_n the_o godly_a it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o seeland_n where_o destitute_a of_o trade_n it_o decay_v daily_o 5._o sore_o sore_a or_o soer_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a woody_a country_n between_o slagen_n and_o 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the_o monastery_n itself_o he_o die_v within_o a_o year_n after_o his_o brother_n a._n d._n 1202._o and_o be_v bury_v at_o sor._n many_o year_n after_o this_o king_n frideric_n the_o second_o remove_v the_o school_n which_o he_o have_v found_v at_o fridericksburg_n for_o the_o education_n of_o the_o young_a nobility_n to_o this_o place_n where_o have_v increase_v the_o number_n of_o both_o teacher_n and_o hearer_n he_o think_v it_o also_o requisite_a to_o enlarge_v the_o income_n which_o do_v of_o a_o rich_a popish_a monastery_n it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a endow_v free-school_n in_o the_o reform_a part_n of_o christendom_n his_o son_n christian_n the_o four_o turn_v the_o free-school_n into_o a_o small_a university_n by_o settle_v certain_a salary_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o set_a number_n of_o professor_n who_o be_v to_o instruct_v young_a noble_a man_n in_o the_o principle_n of_o several_a art_n and_o science_n and_o the_o rudiment_n of_o the_o latin_a greek_a hebrew_n french_a and_o italian_a tongue_n beside_o to_o to_o this_o gymnasium_n he_o annex_v a_o academy_n furnish_v with_o fit_a master_n to_o teach_v perfect_o all_o gentile_a and_o marshal_n exercise_n as_o dance_a vault_a ride_v the_o great_a horse_n etc._n etc._n whence_o some_o author_n call_v the_o university_n at_o sore_a academiam_fw-la equestrem_fw-la because_o at_o first_o principal_o intend_v for_o the_o education_n of_o young_a gentleman_n in_o the_o act_n of_o chivalry_n though_o afterward_o it_o grow_v to_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a university_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o the_o nunnery_n of_o mariebo_fw-la in_o laland_n be_v demolish_v the_o nun_n throw_v out_o and_o the_o land_n give_v to_o this_o university_n but_o at_o this_o day_n these_o and_o all_o other_o the_o large_a territory_n which_o have_v be_v heretofore_o settle_v upon_o the_o university_n at_o sore_a be_v in_o the_o present_a king_n hand_n who_o threaten_v daily_o to_o reestablish_v a_o university_n in_o this_o place_n but_o without_o any_o show_n of_o performance_n his_o resolution_n i_o suppose_v if_o ever_o he_o have_v any_o such_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n stop_v by_o the_o continual_a dissuasion_n of_o the_o professor_n at_o copenhagen_n who_o think_v it_o very_o inconsistent_a with_o their_o interest_n to_o have_v another_o university_n erect_v in_o their_o neighbourhood_n for_o heretofore_o when_o any_o professor_n place_n be_v vacant_a at_o copenhagen_n it_o be_v odds_o but_o some_o brisk_a fellow_n from_o sore_o carry_v it_o 6._o anderskaw_n anderskaw_n anderskaw_n or_o andersbouw_n former_o a_o great_a monastery_n now_o a_o strong_a castle_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n from_o slagen_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o level_n champagn_a country_n and_o delicate_o well_o build_v here_o frideric_n the_o second_o die_v a._n d._n 1548._o 7._o kallenborg_n kallenborg_n kallenborg_n which_o 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corn-merchant_n and_o fishmonger_n the_o commodity_n pleasant_a situation_n etc._n etc._n of_o
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his_o crown_n very_o bare_a unction_n and_o the_o like_a they_o vow_v perpetual_a chastity_n and_o abstinence_n from_o flesh_n nor_o have_v he_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v ever_o any_o hope_n to_o get_v out_o again_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v near_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n in_o revenue_n it_o be_v build_v like_o a_o castle_n have_v wall_n of_o stone_n regular_o fortify_v and_o store_v with_o cannon_n and_o the_o ordinary_a number_n of_o religious_a beside_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n be_v about_o seven_o hundred_o they_o have_v also_o nunnery_n of_o several_a order_n some_o admit_v only_o noble_a widow_n and_o maid_n other_o promiscuous_o but_o this_o be_v universal_o observe_v that_o none_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v do_v ever_o return_v to_o their_o secular_a condition_n the_o emperor_n have_v continue_v with_o his_o wife_n twenty_o year_n without_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o thrust_v she_o into_o a_o nunnery_n where_o after_o two_o month_n she_o be_v brought-a-bed_n but_o can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nunnery_n the_o history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o russia_n the_o russes_z have_v the_o same_o vanity_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o most_o other_o nation_n have_v have_v to_o deduce_v their_o original_n either_o from_o god_n or_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o man_n whereby_o how_o much_o honour_n soever_o themselves_o think_v to_o have_v obtain_v so_o much_o do_v other_o nation_n think_v they_o have_v lose_v of_o truth_n some_o author_n derive_v they_o from_o augustus_n cesar_n ivan_n vasilowich_n the_o learn_a of_o all_o the_o russes_z and_o who_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v best_a inform_v tell_v a_o english_a goldsmith_n smile_v because_o the_o emperor_n have_v say_v that_o all_o russes_z were_z thief_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o russ_n but_o a_o german_a and_o that_o their_o family_n come_v from_o beala_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o hungary_n more_o particular_n of_o this_o 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the_o name_n of_o helena_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o bring_v christianity_n into_o russia_n and_o die_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sanctity_n and_o her_o anniversary_n day_n be_v july_n 11._o suetoslaw_n when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n succeed_v his_o father_n and_o jeropolick_v he_o next_o after_o he_o be_v wolodomir_n concern_v who_o we_o have_v something_o of_o certainty_n zonara_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o basilius_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v a_o bishop_n send_v from_o constantinople_n to_o convert_v the_o russes_z i_o think_v his_o name_n be_v leo_n the_o russes_z will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o see_v a_o miracle_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n throw_v the_o book_n of_o the_o gospel_n into_o the_o fire_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n take_v it_o out_o unblemished_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o russes_z but_o their_o solemn_a receive_n it_o be_v not_o till_o 988_o when_o their_o prince_n wolodomir_n marry_v anna_n sister_n of_o basilius_n and_o constantine_n be_v convert_v baptize_v and_o change_v his_o name_n into_o basilius_n he_o be_v by_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o their_o apostle_n and_o they_o celebrate_v his_o festival_n july_n 15._o he_o die_v in_o 1015._o this_o man_n remove_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o kiow_n to_o wolodomir_n he_o have_v many_o child_n who_o fight_v and_o slay_v one_o another_o two_o borissus_n and_o chlebus_n be_v for_o their_o holy_a life_n and_o unjust_a death_n account_v holy_a martyr_n and_o their_o day_n be_v july_n 24._o sewoldus_n coras_fw-la some_o call_v he_o jeroslaw_n after_o many_o war_n subdue_v his_o brethren_n and_o obtain_v the_o government_n he_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o son_n wolodomir_n surname_v monomachus_n but_o other_o say_v he_o be_v call_v jeroslaw_n or_o fair_a bank_n because_o he_o build_v that_o city_n saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v that_o he_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o harold_n king_n of_o england_n he_o be_v a_o potent_a prince_n and_o keep_v very_o good_a correspondence_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o action_n of_o this_o be_v confound_v with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o wolodomir_n they_o say_v he_o die_v ann_n 1146_o which_o be_v not_o probable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o that_o lady_n who_o follow_v and_o be_v not_o set_v down_o till_o 1237_o when_o reign_v george_n by_o some_o call_v gregory_n call_v by_o some_o szeveloditz_n other_o make_v wszevolod_n to_o be_v the_o father_n and_o george_n his_o son_n george_n be_v ann_n 1237_o slay_v by_o batus_fw-la a_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o tartar_n order_v that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n choose_v the_o prince_n of_o moskow_n that_o when_o they_o send_v their_o ambassador_n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v to_o meet_v and_o wait_v upon_o he_o on_o foot_n offer_v a_o platter_n of_o mares-milk_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n let_v any_o of_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o main_a of_o his_o horse_n the_o prince_n shall_v lick_v it_o up_o and_o that_o he_o shall_v bareheaded_a and_o on_o foot_n give_v the_o tartar_n horse_n his_o provender_n out_o of_o his_o cap_n but_o the_o most_o grievous_a be_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n and_o a_o guard_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n michael_n succeed_v his_o brother_n and_o be_v also_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o tartar_n next_o be_v alexander_n his_o son_n and_o then_o his_o son_n danielou_n or_o daniel_n surname_v caleta_n he_o transfer_v the_o imperial_a seat_n to_o moskow_n and_o call_v himself_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n etc._n etc._n some_o say_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o innocent_a iv_o about_o ann_n 1246._o some_o place_n after_o he_o george_n danielowitz_n caleta_n who_o they_o say_v be_v slay_v by_o demetri_fw-la michaelowitz_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o tartar_n other_o place_n next_o to_o daniel_n his_o son_n ivan_n choose_v by_o zanabeck_n the_o crim-tartar_n who_o favour_v he_o so_o much_o that_o he_o abate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o slavery_n impose_v upon_o the_o tzar_n his_o son_n ivan_n ivanowitz_n succeed_v and_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o tartar_n demetri_fw-la ivanowitz_n be_v his_o son_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o fierce_a war_n upon_o mamai_n can_n and_o gain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n the_o earth_n for_o thirteen_o mile_n together_o be_v cover_v with_o carcase_n but_o tachtanisk_a can_n in_o another_o battle_n slay_v demetri_fw-la and_o renew_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tartar_n over_o the_o russes_z vasili_n demetriwitz_n follow_v ann_n 1357_o who_o chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o russia_n and_o conquer_a bulgaria_n beyond_o the_o wolga_n be_v jealous_a of_o his_o wife_n anastasia_n he_o disinherit_v his_o son_n vasili_n and_o give_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o brother_n george_n who_o at_o his_o death_n restore_v it_o from_o his_o own_o son_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n but_o those_o son_n make_v war_n upon_o vasili_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n therefore_o be_v he_o call_v vasili_n ciemnox_n or_o dark_a but_o the_o boiar_n be_v faithful_a to_o he_o he_o reign_v peaceable_o till_o his_o death_n and_o leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n surname_v grotzdyn_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v lustre_n and_o fame_n to_o the_o obscure_a name_n of_o the_o russes_z for_o take_v away_o the_o dukedom_n and_o government_n from_o his_o uncle_n who_o account_v themselves_o absolute_a in_o their_o dominion_n he_o unite_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o call_v himself_o tzaar_n or_o as_o they_o pronounce_v it_o tzar_n that_o be_v king_n he_o marry_v mary_n daughter_n to_o michael_n duke_n of_o tweria_n some_o say_v severia_n or_o severski_n and_o present_o after_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o his_o
dukedom_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o his_o crown_n he_o conquer_v also_o the_o duke_n of_o novogrod_n about_o ann_n 1488_o and_o unite_v that_o city_n with_o all_o its_o dominion_n to_o his_o own_o estate_n and_o carry_v from_o thence_o three_o hundred_o cart_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_z jewel_n and_o other_o rich_a commodity_n to_o his_o treasury_n at_o moskow_n he_o war_v also_o with_o poland_n and_o livonia_n with_o various_a success_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n he_o have_v ivan_n who_o die_v before_o he_o and_o leave_v one_o son_n call_v demetri_fw-la afterward_o ivan_n marry_v sophia_n daughter_n to_o thomas_n paleologus_fw-la who_o reign_v in_o morea_n by_o who_o he_o have_v divers_a child_n this_o be_v a_o woman_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o understanding_n so_o continual_o upbraid_v her_o husband_n with_o his_o slavery_n to_o the_o tartar_n that_o at_o length_n she_o force_v he_o to_o free_v himself_o herself_o contribute_v a_o beginning_n unto_o it_o for_o whereas_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n within_o the_o castle_n where_o live_v a_o governor_n and_o other_o that_o be_v as_o continual_a spy_n upon_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o russes_z she_o pretend_v a_o vow_n when_o with-child_a to_o build_v a_o church_n there_o when_o she_o be_v safe_o deliver_v have_v therefore_o bring_v forth_o a_o son_n she_o invite_v the_o tartar_n governor_n to_o the_o christen_n and_o cajol_v he_o with_o great_a kindness_n and_o magnificence_n beg_v that_o house_n of_o he_o for_o fulfil_v her_o vow_n which_o he_o grant_v afterward_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o muscovite_n take_v courage_n and_o never_o cease_v till_o they_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o tartar_n slavery_n though_o the_o tartar_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n to_o call_v they_o his_o golops_n or_o slave_n she_o wrought_v also_o much_o upon_o her_o husband_n now_o very_o ancient_a for_o he_o be_v sixty-six_a year_n of_o age_n when_o he_o die_v which_o be_v in_o 1492_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v forty-two_a year_n and_o seven_o month_n that_o pass_v by_o demetri_fw-la the_o son_n of_o john_n who_o he_o have_v by_o a_o former_a wife_n he_o declare_v her_o son_n gabriel_n who_o name_n he_o change_v to_o vasilie_o his_o successor_n vasilie_o prove_v a_o very_a great_a tyrant_n over_o the_o people_n and_o his_o own_o brother_n and_o family_n but_o he_o recover_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v by_o vitoldus_n great_a duke_n of_o litvania_n in_o 1514_o he_o take_v plescow_n and_o smolensko_n but_o be_v unfortunate_a in_o his_o design_n against_o the_o tartar_n he_o marry_v helena_n daughter_n of_o glinski_n by_o who_o he_o have_v ivan_n call_v vasilowich_n who_o be_v bear_v aug._n 26_o 1528._o vasilie_o die_v 1532_o and_o make_v michael_n glinski_n tutor_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n begin_v his_o reign_n ann_n 1540_o who_o very_a great_a victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n his_o most_o barbarous_a cruelty_n and_o tyranny_n towards_o his_o subject_n and_o pretend_a sanctity_n have_v give_v large_a subject_n to_o all_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n and_o among_o other_o to_o paulus_n oderborn_n who_o have_v write_v a_o peculiar_a book_n of_o he_o however_o he_o behave_v himself_o in_o other_o respect_n he_o raise_v the_o empire_n of_o muscovy_n to_o its_o height_n he_o subdue_v the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astracan_a which_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o two_o crown_n over_o the_o eagle_n head_n in_o his_o arms._n and_o astracan_a be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o circass-tartar_n have_v conquer_v that_o he_o reduce_v they_o also_o to_o term_n i._n e._n to_o accept_v of_o his_o government_n pay_v he_o some_o small_a tribute_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n in_o his_o war_n this_o nation_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o persia_n and_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o turk_n when_o he_o go_v to_o invade_v persia_n they_o send_v to_o the_o tzar_n for_o engineer_n to_o fortify_v their_o town_n etc._n etc._n which_o he_o present_o send_v and_o with_o they_o also_o governor_n and_o soldier_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o his_o secure_v their_o obedience_n to_o himself_o for_o the_o future_a the_o subdue_a of_o the_o tartar_n alarm_v his_o neighbour_n but_o none_o more_o than_o selimus_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n who_o ann_n 1569_o send_v a_o army_n of_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o beside_o forty_o thousand_o crim-tartar_n to_o recover_v astracan_a and_o other_o place_n from_o the_o muscovite_n serebrine_n a_o very_a faithful_a and_o valiant_a general_n command_v in_o astracan_a who_o at_o first_o much_o wonder_v from_o whence_o such_o a_o army_n shall_v come_v have_v scarce_o ever_o hear_v of_o the_o turk_n but_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o want_v to_o his_o duty_n but_o hasten_v to_o strengthen_v his_o garrison_n with_o man_n and_o provision_n and_o give_v order_n to_o all_o the_o country_n especial_o those_o upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n to_o hinder_v the_o turk_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v from_o provision_n the_o turk_n whether_o by_o mistake_n or_o malice_n of_o the_o tartar_n get_v into_o great_a wood_n where_o their_o slow_a march_n make_v they_o consume_v much_o of_o their_o store_n and_o the_o contrary_a wind_n hinder_v their_o ship_n upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o come_v up_o the_o river_n and_o cast_v some_o upon_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v all_o pillage_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v very_o active_a in_o obedience_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o astracan_a however_o to_o the_o bank_n of_o volga_n they_o come_v whither_o serebrine_n go_v and_o make_v many_o successful_a skirmish_n with_o they_o in_o one_o he_o slay_v divers_a of_o their_o best_a officer_n and_o divers_a thousand_o of_o their_o man_n meanwhile_o victual_n grow_v scarce_o in_o the_o turkish_a army_n and_o those_o few_o ship_n that_o escape_v the_o wind_n and_o the_o russes_z brought_z refreshment_n but_o no_o such_o quantity_n as_o can_v serve_v they_o any_o considerable_a time_n so_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o retreat_v but_o their_o ill_a diet_n and_o the_o bad_a air_n of_o these_o marsh_n especial_o in_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n bring_v the_o plague_n among_o they_o their_o magazine_n of_o powder_n also_o at_o azoph_n be_v by_o lightning_n blow_v up_o and_o to_o complete_a their_o misery_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o army_n be_v ship_v upon_o the_o black_a sea_n be_v cast_v away_o so_o that_o very_o few_o of_o that_o vast_a army_n return_v to_o constantinople_n and_o the_o russ_n have_v by_o that_o mean_v establish_v himself_o more_o firm_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o all_o those_o country_n ivan_n vasilowich_n conquer_v also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o livonia_n and_o many_o other_o place_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n he_o have_v two_o son_n ivan_n who_o himself_o kill_v with_o his_o staff_n and_o pheodor_n who_o succeed_v he_o he_o have_v many_o wife_n and_o one_o he_o put_v into_o a_o monastery_n for_o her_o sterility_n who_o there_o within_o two_o month_n bring_v forth_o a_o son_n call_v demetri_fw-la but_o notwithstanding_o that_o she_o be_v force_v into_o the_o nunnery_n and_o have_v a_o son_n there_o yet_o can_v she_o never_o get_v out_o some_o say_v that_o this_o be_v the_o act_n of_o his_o father_n it_o may_v be_v that_o both_o concur_v in_o this_o as_o in_o many_o other_o act_n of_o injustice_n and_o tyranny_n he_o die_v march_v 28._o 1584._o leave_v two_o son_n pheodor_n and_o demetri_fw-la pheodor_n be_v a_o very_a weak_a prince_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o sister_n of_o boris_n feodorowich_n godanove_n leave_v the_o manage_n of_o all_o affair_n to_o he_o who_o have_v cause_v demetrius_n to_o be_v murder_v as_o be_v say_v and_o make_v his_o party_n among_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n pheodor_n also_o after_o awhile_o ann_n 1597_o have_v reign_v twelve_o year_n die_v the_o last_o of_o the_o house_n of_o beala_n after_o much_o dissemble_a tergiversation_n be_v choose_v grand_a tzar_n and_o reign_v seven_o year_n peaceable_o till_o a_o impostor_n griski_n or_o gregory_n otrapeion_n fly_v into_o poland_n and_o there_o declare_v himself_o to_o be_v demetri_fw-la the_o son_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n who_o as_o he_o say_v be_v not_o murder_v but_o another_o in_o his_o stead_n be_v furnish_v by_o divers_a nobleman_n of_o poland_n with_o a_o army_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n boris_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pheodor_n though_o he_o have_v oblige_v some_o of_o the_o boiar_n yet_o have_v he_o make_v away_o divers_a even_o of_o the_o best_a nobility_n who_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o contest_v his_o power_n follow_v herein_o the_o step_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n he_o also_o incur_v their_o hatred_n the_o more_o by_o his_o engross_n to_o himself_o and_o family_n all_o the_o gainful_a employment_n before_o he_o be_v choose_v emperor_n for_o he_o have_v then_o no_o less_o than_o ninety-three_a thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o
advise_v by_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o some_o jesuit_n that_o a_o oath_n take_v by_o he_o with_o heretic_n be_v not_o obligatory_a or_o if_o he_o scruple_v that_o that_o a_o dispensation_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o be_v easy_o attainable_a from_o the_o pope_n at_o last_o solemn_o take_v it_o and_o promise_v the_o state_n faithful_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o he_o leave_v sweden_n and_o return_v into_o poland_n during_o his_o absence_n all_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v manage_v by_o duke_n charles_n his_o uncle_n who_o for_o some_o small_a time_n execute_v the_o office_n of_o viceroy_n very_o quiet_o and_o to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n but_o some_o difference_n arise_v about_o religion_n the_o papist_n jesuit_n especial_o to_o who_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o worship_n have_v be_v grant_v grow_v powerful_a and_o thereupon_o behave_v themselves_o insolent_o towards_o the_o lutheran_n the_o business_n of_o state_n become_v trouble_v and_o the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n and_o removal_n of_o jealousy_n out_o of_o the_o people_n heart_n a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n hereupon_o sigismond_n be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o poland_n but_o both_o delay_n to_o come_v into_o sweden_n and_o to_o send_v order_n to_o his_o uncle_n ch._n an._n ch._n that_o popish_a delinquent_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v to_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o law_n be_v proceed_v against_o as_o enemy_n to_o the_o state_n and_o that_o other_o suchlike_a grievance_n shall_v be_v redress_v he_o so_o lose_v his_o interest_n with_o his_o swedish_n subject_n that_o when_o at_o last_o he_o come_v among_o they_o they_o oppose_v he_o as_o a_o public_a enemy_n make_v war_n against_o he_o and_o overcome_v he_o in_o battle_n after_o he_o be_v defeat_v he_o return_v to_o poland_n and_o his_o crown_n of_o sweden_n be_v by_o the_o state_n set_v upon_o the_o head_n of_o his_o uncle_n 135._o charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o brother_n to_o john_n iii_o he_o maintain_v the_o augustan_n confession_n during_o his_o whole_a reign_n carry_v on_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o his_o nephew_n sigismond_n and_o christianus_n iv_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o he_o challenge_v to_o a_o duel_n and_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eleven_o year_n dye_v at_o nycopia_n in_o his_o return_n from_o oppose_v the_o dane_n the_o government_n after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n descend_v upon_o his_o elder_a son_n 136._o gustavus_n adolphus_n ii_o surname_v the_o great_a this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n prosecute_v the_o war_n with_o denmark_n which_o his_o father_n be_v engage_v in_o at_o his_o death_n but_o intend_v to_o turn_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o his_o cousin_n sigismond_n k._n of_o poland_n he_o within_o a_o short_a time_n conclude_v a_o peace_n both_o with_o the_o dane_n and_o muscovite_n this_o do_v he_o invade_v livonia_n take_v several_a place_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o that_o and_o other_o province_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o pole_n and_o at_o last_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o his_o cousin_n for_o six_o year_n he_o return_v into_o sweden_n during_o the_o war_n with_o poland_n ferdinand_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v do_v he_o as_o he_o allege_v very_o many_o injury_n as_o his_o send_v assistance_n to_o the_o pole_n into_o borussia_n under_o the_o command_n of_o arnhemius_fw-la his_o not_o admit_v the_o swedish_n delegate_n to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o lubeck_n but_o charge_v they_o to_o depart_v the_o empire_n etc._n etc._n whereupon_o he_o invade_v the_o imperial_a dominion_n take_v several_a strong_a city_n and_o after_o he_o have_v overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v kill_v in_o battle_n near_o leipsick_a he_o be_v succeed_v by_o 137._o christina_n his_o only_a daughter_n who_o be_v then_o but_o seven_o year_n old_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v order_v by_o her_o guardian_n till_o she_o come_v to_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o her_o age_n at_o which_o time_n she_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o herself_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o either_o weary_a of_o rule_v so_o potent_a a_o kingdom_n or_o think_v the_o care_n of_o it_o too_o great_a a_o burden_n for_o she_o to_o undergo_v voluntary_o lay_v down_o the_o crown_n and_o commend_v it_o to_o 138._o charles_n gustavus_n x._o a_o noble_a and_o victorious_a prince_n he_o maintain_v war_n against_o the_o pole_n the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o dane_n as_o he_o be_v return_v from_o gottenburg_n upon_o the_o confine_n of_o denmark_n to_o stockholm_n he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n and_o his_o kingdom_n according_a to_o right_a of_o succession_n descend_v upon_o 139._o charles_n xi_o his_o son_n than_o four_o year_n of_o age_n during_o his_o minority_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o his_o guardian_n but_o come_v to_o full_a age_n he_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n and_o be_v now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1680._o age_a twentyfour_o year_n a_o warlike_a and_o virtuous_a prince_n of_o the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n beyond_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n lie_v the_o great_a principality_n of_o finland_n finland_n finland_n call_v by_o the_o native_n somi_n or_o soma_n from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o lake_n that_o be_v in_o it_o soma_n signify_v a_o lake_n but_o by_o the_o swede_n first_o and_o after_o they_o by_o all_o stranger_n call_v finland_n q._n fineland_n from_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o country_n or_o as_o other_o say_v q._n fiende-land_n i.e._n the_o land_n of_o fiend_n or_o enemy_n the_o finlander_n use_v for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o that_o kingdom_n and_o very_o much_o injure_v and_o molest_v its_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o sinus_n finnicus_n and_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o part_n of_o the_o finnic_a and_o baltic_a sea_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o these_o seven_o province_n province_n its_o province_n 1._o southern-finland_n 2._o northern-finland_n 3._o cajania_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la 5._o tavastia_n 6._o nylandia_n and_o 7._o carelia_n 1._o finland_n southern_a finland_n southern_a finland_n part_v from_o the_o northern_a by_o the_o river_n aujaroki_n which_o water_v the_o episcopal_a city_n abo._n it_o extend_v itself_o all_o along_o the_o finnic_a bay_n eastward_o have_v on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n the_o province_n of_o tavastia_n and_o nylandia_n in_o it_o be_v beside_o several_a little_a town_n two_o remarkable_a fort_n viz._n gusto_n in_o the_o western_a and_o raseberg_n to_o which_o belong_v a_o dynasty_a or_o principality_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o 2._o finland_n northern_a finland_n northern_a finland_n run_v along_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v indifferent_o large_a in_o circumference_n take_v in_o both_o the_o satagunda_n with_o viemo_n and_o masco_n water_v it_o be_v by_o one_o only_a river_n call_v cumo-elff_a famous_a for_o its_o abundance_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o fish_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o city_n biorneborgh_n town_n of_o note_n here_o be_v raumo_n nystadh_n and_o nadhendal_n to_o these_o sanson_n add_v castelholm_n in_o the_o island_n alandia_n 3._o cajania_n cajania_n cajania_n or_o ost-bothnia_a as_o some_o call_v it_o in_o opposition_n to_o west-bothnia_a which_o lie_v over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n in_o it_o be_v many_o large_a river_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v kimi-elff_a which_o empti_v itself_o into_o the_o bothnic_a bay_n at_o the_o most_o northern_a cape_n of_o it_o and_o part_n this_o province_n from_o west-bothnia_a jio-elff_a and_o vla-elff_a city_n here_o be_v 1._o vlam_n or_o vlo_fw-la 2._o vasa_n or_o wassam_n cal_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o fort_n cajaneburg_n and_o vlaburg_n 4._o savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la savolaxia_fw-la which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n on_o the_o west_n with_o a_o a_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o part_v it_o from_o carelia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o part_n of_o muscovitic_a lapland_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o tavastia_n and_o carelia_n this_o province_n abound_v much_o with_o lake_n and_o river_n most_o of_o which_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n the_o river_n afford_v fish_n pike_n especial_o in_o great_a abundance_n and_o the_o lake_n beside_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o fish_n they_o breed_v supply_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o seacalve_n not_o meet_v with_o in_o any_o other_o scandian_a lake_n here_o be_v one_o remarkable_a fort_n
1135._o 18._o eric_n edmund_n a_o pious_a and_o good_a king_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n nicolas_n and_o be_v barbarous_o murder_v by_o one_o plag_n sorte_n a_o nobleman_n of_o jutland_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n in_o the_o year_n 1139._o 19_o eric_n lamb_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n eric_n edmund_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o sceptre_n and_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o monastery_n at_o odensee_n in_o funen_n where_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1147._o 20._o swain_n gratenhede_v eric_n emund_n son_n get_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o kinsman_n eric_n lamb._n in_o this_o man_n day_n there_o be_v three_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o run_v after_o cnute_n king_n nicolas_n grandchild_n other_o follow_v waldemar_n son_n to_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n after_o some_o skirmish_n in_o which_o both_o swain_n and_o cnute_n be_v slay_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v rule_v by_o 21._o waldemar_n surname_v the_o great_a he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o north_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1182_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n 22._o cnute_n he_o brave_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o will_v needs_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o die_v at_o ringstede_n in_o the_o year_n 1202._o 23._o waldemar_n ii_o cnute_n brother_n he_o new_o model_v the_o danish_a conquer_v norway_n and_o set_v over_o it_o a_o viceroy_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_v the_o emperor_n otto_n who_o think_v to_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o holslein_n and_o have_v reign_v victorious_o thirty-nine_a year_n dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1241_o crantzius_n say_v 1242_o 24._o eric_n plog-penning_a waldemar_n son_n he_o be_v take_v at_o sleswic_n and_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n 25._o abel_n who_o reign_v wicked_o two_o year_n and_o be_v then_o murder_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o 26._o christopher_z i._o brother_n to_o eric_n and_o abel_n he_o live_v in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o his_o own_o people_n to_o who_o rebellion_n be_v now_o grow_v natural_a some_o of_o the_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v he_o be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1259_o poison_v by_o arnefast_a bishop_n of_o arhuse_v as_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v afterward_o by_o bernardine_n the_o monk_n with_o the_o eucharist_n 27._o eric_n glip_v king_n christopher_n son_n who_o be_v seat_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o lewdness_n and_o debauchery_n his_o whole_a life_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o oppression_n sacrilege_n murder_n and_o whoredom_n after_o a_o long_a uninterrupted_a course_n of_o wickedness_n sleep_v one_o night_n in_o a_o barn_n at_o findetorp_n a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiberg_n he_o be_v murder_v with_o fifty-six_a some_o say_v seventy_o wound_v give_v he_o by_o seven_o ruffian_n hire_v to_o dispatch_v he_o by_o andrew_n stigot_n marshal_n of_o danemark_n who_o wife_n he_o have_v ravish_v and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o the_o year_n 1286._o 28._o eric_n menved_a glipping_n son_n he_o be_v as_o godly_a a_o prince_n as_o his_o father_n be_v impious_a the_o murderer_n of_o his_o father_n have_v conspire_v his_o death_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o providence_n which_o protect_v he_o both_o from_o the_o lewd_a life_n and_o miserable_a death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n so_o that_o he_o die_v as_o he_o have_v live_v peaceable_o in_o the_o year_n 1319_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o ringstad_n where_o his_o epitaph_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v as_o follow_v ego_fw-la ericus_n quondam_a daniae_fw-la rex_fw-la regnans_fw-la ann_n xxxij_o rectus_n justiciarius_n pauperum_fw-la &_o divitum_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_o habuerunt_fw-la oro_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la aliquid_fw-la forefeci_fw-la ut_fw-la mihi_fw-la per_fw-la svam_fw-la gratiam_fw-la indulgeant_fw-la &_o orent_fw-la pro_fw-la anima_fw-la mea_fw-la qui_fw-la obii_fw-la a._n d._n 1319._o die_v beati_fw-la brixij_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o confessoris_fw-la 29._o christopher_n ii_o menved_n brother_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o end_v his_o day_n like_o he_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o unfortunate_a sluggish_a cruel_a and_o perfidious_a prince_n a_o hater_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o hate_v by_o the_o commonalty_n have_v he_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o religion_n policy_n or_o common_a honesty_n in_o he_o he_o may_v have_v be_v a_o happy_a prince_n for_o never_o be_v the_o dane_n more_o unwilling_a to_o rebel_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o king_n then_o in_o his_o day_n though_o never_o more_o provoke_v to_o it_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o reign_n of_o about_o thirteen_o year_n he_o die_v at_o last_o forsake_v of_o all_o neglect_v and_o unpityed_a at_o nicope_a in_o the_o isle_n of_o falster_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o after_o this_o king_n death_n the_o dane_n seem_v to_o be_v weary_a of_o a_o supreme_a sovereign_n and_o resolve_v not_o to_o set_v any_o more_o over_o they_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v more_o eligible_a to_o have_v no_o king_n at_o all_o then_o such_o as_o they_o have_v the_o bad_a luck_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o sot_n or_o a_o tyrant_n but_o after_o fifteen_o year_n confusion_n they_o find_v it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v a_o akeing_n head_n than_o none_o at_o all_o whereupon_o weary_a of_o their_o new_a anarchy_n they_o resolve_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n 30._o waldemar_n iii_o king_n christopher_n son_n who_o recollect_v the_o scatter_a member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o one_o body_n and_o dismount_v most_o of_o the_o usurper_n without_o any_o great_a bloodshed_n he_o be_v represent_v as_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a subtlety_n avarice_n and_o boldness_n when_o pope_n gregory_n xi_o threaten_a to_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o saucy_a behaviour_n and_o slight_v of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v this_o answer_n valdemarus_n rex_fw-la daniae_fw-la etc._n etc._n romano_n pontifici_fw-la salutem_fw-la vitam_fw-la habemus_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la regnum_fw-la ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la divitias_fw-la a_o parentibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la vero_fw-la a_o tuis_fw-la praedecessoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la fave_n remittimus_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la vale._n i_o e._n waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n send_v greeting_n we_o hold_v our_o life_n from_o god_n our_o kingdom_n from_o our_o subject_n our_o riches_n from_o our_o parent_n and_o our_o faith_n from_o thy_o predecessor_n which_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o grant_v we_o any_o long_a we_o do_v by_o these_o present_v resign_v farewell_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1375_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n at_o sora._n 31._o margaret_n king_n waldemar_n daughter_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n crown_v queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o manage_v the_o 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character_n
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italy_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o saracen_n and_o make_v provision_n in_o most_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n for_o poor_a widow_n and_o orphan_n he_o have_v a_o great_a quarrel_n with_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n for_o elect_v a_o pope_n without_o acquaint_v he_o but_o the_o popish_a writer_n tell_v the_o story_n otherwise_o and_o say_v that_o when_o the_o emperor_n hear_v how_o that_o court_n have_v elect_v pope_n adrian_n ii_o into_o the_o room_n of_o nicolas_n i._o without_o stay_v for_o his_o voice_n he_o commend_v they_o high_o for_o so_o do_v nay_o they_o make_v he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o his_o approbation_n of_o their_o proceed_n qui_fw-la enim_fw-la fieri_fw-la posset_n ut_fw-la peregrinus_fw-la &_o hospes_fw-la dignoscere_fw-la posset_n in_fw-la aliena_fw-la republica_fw-la quis_fw-la potissimum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praeferendus_fw-la sit_fw-la i._o e._n how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o a_o stranger_n shall_v be_v so_o well_o skilled_a in_o a_o foreign_a commonwealth_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pitch_v upon_o a_o man_n fit_a
for_o promotion_n which_o say_v wimpheling_n be_v a_o say_n that_o become_v so_o great_a a_o emperor_n he_o reign_v nineteen_o year_n and_o ten_o month_n 875._o charles_n the_o bald_a a_o base_a mean-spirited_n man_n ludowic_n the_o first_o be_v son_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n pope_n john_n ix_o persuade_v he_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o money_n to_o come_v to_o rome_n for_o his_o coronation_n and_o there_o to_o receive_v the_o imperial_a sceptre_n from_o his_o hand_n he_o reign_v only_o two_o year_n be_v poison_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o one_o sedechias_n a_o jewish_a physician_n 878._o ludowic_n surname_v balbus_n succeed_v his_o father_n charles_n but_o never_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n if_o it_o be_v which_o many_o question_n ever_o set_v upon_o his_o head_n when_o he_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a he_o die_v leave_v his_o throne_n to_o 879._o charles_n iii_o surname_v the_o gross_a from_o his_o bulk_n and_o fatness_n he_o may_v have_v be_v style_v a_o second_o charles_n the_o great_a if_o he_o have_v be_v as_o successful_a in_o manage_v as_o obtain_v of_o kingdom_n for_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o two_o brother_n all_o germany_n france_n and_o italy_n come_v into_o his_o hand_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o add_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n to_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o date_v of_o any_o public_a proclamation_n grant_n etc._n etc._n at_o last_o when_o by_o several_a base_a action_n especial_o in_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o the_o norman_n in_o which_o he_o give_v they_o that_o part_n of_o france_n which_o be_v still_o call_v normandy_n he_o have_v contract_v the_o hatred_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o noble_n and_o die_v miserable_o in_o a_o poor_a beggarly_a village_n in_o schwaben_n 888._o arnolph_n natural_a son_n of_o caroloman_n duke_n of_o carinthia_n and_o king_n of_o bavaria_n be_v elect_v into_o the_o room_n of_o charles_n thus_o depose_v and_o rule_v the_o empire_n with_o a_o strong_a arm_n for_o twelve_o year_n he_o quell_v the_o rebel_n in_o moravia_n and_o normandy_n and_o defeat_v guido_n and_o berengarius_fw-la who_o have_v make_v head_n against_o he_o in_o italy_n he_o storm_v rome_n and_o take_v it_o but_o soon_o after_o be_v poison_v there_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o guido_n wife_n and_o die_v in_o great_a misery_n be_v eat_v up_o of_o louse_n which_o the_o poison_n breed_v in_o his_o body_n 900._o ludowic_n iu._n arnolph_n son_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o noble_n into_o his_o father_n stead_n the_o hungarian_n be_v continual_o at_o war_n with_o this_o emperor_n who_o have_v seldom_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o come_v off_o the_o field_n a_o conqueror_n in_o these_o skirmish_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a nobility_n be_v cut_v off_o which_o shorten_v his_o life_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n before_o he_o have_v get_v a_o son_n to_o inherit_v his_o throne_n he_o die_v a_o unfortunate_a prince_n and_o with_o he_o the_o family_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v whole_o extinct_a during_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v another_o ludowic_n set_v up_o for_o emperor_n by_o the_o pope_n in_o italy_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o by_o berengarius_fw-la king_n of_o lombardy_n 912._o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o prince_n of_o germany_n proffer_v the_o imperial_a crown_n to_o otto_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o best_a soldier_n of_o his_o time_n but_o old_a age_n have_v render_v he_o at_o least_o in_o his_o own_o conceit_n unfit_a for_o government_n whereupon_o he_o make_v over_o the_o proffer_a empire_n to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n who_o upon_o otto_n recommendation_n be_v immediate_o declare_v emperor_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o step_v into_o the_o throne_n but_o his_o carriage_n disoblige_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o put_v he_o hard_o to_o it_o to_o keep_v the_o reins_o in_o his_o hand_n henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n duke_n otto_n son_n engage_v he_o the_o oft_a and_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o success_n however_o conrade_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n notwithstanding_o the_o frequent_a quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o that_o duke_n bequeath_v his_o empire_n to_o henry_n who_o he_o have_v experience_v to_o be_v a_o prince_n that_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o conduct_n deserve_v a_o empire_n 919._o henry_n surname_v auceps_fw-la from_o the_o great_a delight_n he_o take_v in_o hawk_v be_v by_o the_o german_a prince_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o emperor_n conrad_n will_n proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o fritzlar_n soon_o after_o the_o pope_n fent_fw-la to_o proffer_v his_o service_n in_o consecrate_v and_o anoint_v he_o emperor_n but_o it_o be_v not_o accept_v for_o henry_n return_v his_o holiness_n this_o answer_n that_o it_o be_v enough_o for_o he_o that_o god_n providence_n and_o the_o voice_n of_o his_o nobility_n have_v make_v he_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o that_o fancy_v this_o title_n too_o mean_a may_v in_o god_n name_n go_v to_o rome_n for_o consecration_n and_o unction_n but_o for_o his_o own_o part_n he_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o honour_n already_o confer_v on_o he_o he_o be_v a_o valiant_a and_o prudent_a prince_n one_o that_o compose_v most_o of_o the_o animosity_n and_o quarrel_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o brave_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o institute_v the_o sport_n of_o tilt_n and_o tournament_n and_o fortify_v the_o great_a town_n in_o germany_n order_v that_o every_o nine_o boar_n shall_v remove_v his_o family_n into_o a_o city_n and_o that_o the_o citizen_n shall_v be_v maintain_v by_o a_o contribution_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n round_o about_o the_o country_n have_v overthrow_v the_o hungarian_n at_o a_o memorable_a battle_n near_o mersburg_n he_o have_v the_o title_n of_o pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o imperator_fw-la confer_v upon_o he_o afterward_o go_v into_o italy_n he_o be_v take_v with_o a_o apoplexy_n of_o which_o to_o the_o great_a grief_n of_o the_o whole_a german_a nation_n he_o die_v after_o he_o have_v reign_v seven_o year_n and_o six_o month_n 936._o otto_n the_o emperor_n henry_n son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o equal_v he_o in_o all_o his_o act_n of_o piety_n wisdom_n and_o prowess_n whence_o he_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a he_o compel_v harald_n king_n of_o denmark_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n supremacy_n and_o embrace_v christianity_n subdue_v the_o bohemian_o and_o force_v their_o prince_n boleslaus_n to_o turn_v christian_a depose_v pope_n john_n xii_o and_o put_v leo_n viii_o in_o his_o place_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o power_n of_o choose_v pope_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o emperor_n alone_o the_o fashion_n of_o christen_n of_o bell_n be_v first_o bring_v up_o in_o his_o reign_n 973._o otho_fw-la ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n otho_n the_o great_a he_o find_v the_o empire_n in_o peace_n and_o except_v some_o small_a skirmish_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o cousin_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o some_o malcontent_a bishop_n have_v proclaim_v emperor_n never_o meet_v with_o any_o opposition_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n he_o overthrow_v the_o turk_n in_o apulia_n and_o be_v thence_o style_v pallida_fw-la saracenorum_n mors_fw-la he_o reign_v eleven_o year_n and_o at_o his_o death_n leave_v the_o empire_n as_o he_o find_v it_o in_o perfect_a peace_n 984._o otho_fw-la iii_o surname_v the_o child_n be_v advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n but_o quick_o grow_v up_o to_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o wonderful_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n some_o say_v he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o institute_v the_o manner_n of_o elect_v a_o emperor_n by_o the_o majority_n of_o the_o voice_n of_o seven_o elector_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o he_o reign_v eighteen_o year_n and_o die_v in_o italy_n be_v poison_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o glove_n present_v to_o he_o by_o the_o wife_n of_o crescentius_n a_o rebel_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v hang_v the_o woman_n have_v be_v his_o concubine_n for_o some_o time_n after_o her_o husband_n death_n and_o be_v in_o hope_n of_o be_v marry_v to_o he_o and_o so_o make_v a_o empress_n but_o when_o she_o see_v he_o ready_a to_o leave_v italy_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o former_a contract_n betwixt_o they_o and_o prepare_v for_o a_o return_n to_o germany_n she_o be_v resolve_v by_o this_o expedient_a to_o satisfy_v her_o revenge_n though_o she_o can_v not_o provide_v for_o her_o
wartislaus_n the_o former_a seat_v himself_o in_o pomerellia_n and_o retain_v the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o slavonian_n the_o late_a be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o low_a pomeren_n border_v upon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o short_o after_o conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o language_n of_o the_o saxon_n his_o neighbour_n whereupon_o this_o part_n of_o his_o father_n territory_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o casimir_n wartislaus_n son_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n this_o dukedom_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1217_o part_v betwixt_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o otho_fw-la two_o brother_n from_o who_o spring_v the_o two_o house_n of_o wolgast_n and_o stetin_n which_o continue_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o house_n of_o stetin_n fail_v a.d._n 1464_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v confer_v upon_o frideric_n the_o second_o marquis_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren-wolgast_a look_v upon_o as_o a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o their_o family_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o oppose_v with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o elector_n pretension_n at_o last_o the_o quarrel_n be_v compose_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o pomeren_n and_o brandenburg_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o both_o of_o they_o shall_v retain_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o possession_n and_o revenue_n of_o all_o territory_n comprise_v under_o that_o name_n shall_v be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o wolgast_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o fail_n of_o their_o issue_n male_a it_o shall_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n according_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o fourteen_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n george-william_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o estate_n but_o the_o swede_n have_v under_o pretence_n of_o assist_a duke_n bugislaus_fw-la against_o the_o imperialist_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o country_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o part_v with_o a_o maritime_a province_n which_o lie_v so_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o conqueror_n use_v to_o prescribe_v law_n with_o far_o less_o regard_n to_o justice_n then_o their_o own_o interest_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o any_o peace_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n before_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o wollin_n and_o the_o town_n of_o stetin_n shall_v from_o thenceforward_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n only_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o no_o long_o than_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o that_o family_n last_v upon_o the_o failure_n whereof_o it_o also_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o prince_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o because_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o compliance_n to_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n minister_n the_o elector_n have_v in_o this_o agreement_n quit_v the_o title_n to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n it_o be_v further_o conclude_v that_o his_o loss_n shall_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n convert_v into_o temporal_a principality_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a administrator_n augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v to_o descend_v upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n now_o although_o the_o elector_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o this_o bargain_n since_o the_o low_a pomeren_n which_o he_o have_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n will_v not_o doubtless_o yield_v so_o good_a a_o revenue_n as_o the_o principality_n of_o magdeburg_n halberstadt_n and_o minden_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v the_o entire_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n restore_v than_o three_o more_o such_o inland_n province_n bestow_v on_o he_o since_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o will_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v himself_o considerable_a at_o sea_n and_o be_v free_v from_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o have_v a_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o keep_v he_o in_o perpetual_a jealousy_n upon_o these_o consideration_n the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a reparation_n of_o his_o damage_n by_o allow_v he_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n as_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o magdeburg_n and_o as_o prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n and_o because_o former_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n take_v their_o turn_n in_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v alternate_a with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o enjoy_v the_o ancient_a archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n under_o the_o same_o title_n as_o the_o say_a duke_n do_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n at_o munster_n the_o swede_n quiet_o enjoy_v the_o low_a pomeren_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o article_n aforesaid_a until_o in_o these_o late_a war_n the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o bloodshed_n overpowred_n they_o and_o sieze_v on_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o city_n of_o stetin_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o particular_a city_n chief_a city_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n i._o stetin_n stetin_n stetin_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o pomeren_n and_o stralsund_v only_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n by_o who_o or_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v can_v easy_o be_v determine_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o idle_a conjecture_n of_o illiterate_a historian_n who_o pretend_v to_o fetch_v its_o genealogy_n from_o a_o warlike_a nation_n who_o they_o call_v sidini_n that_o before_o the_o build_n of_o town_n or_o house_n come_v in_o fashion_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n keep_v their_o usual_a rendezvous_n in_o the_o place_n where_o stetin_n now_o stand_v however_o it_o be_v more_o commendable_a for_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o building_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o its_o own_o record_n than_o any_o antiquity_n it_o can_v boast_v of_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o able_a antiquary_n to_o find_v out_o its_o original_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o stetin_n be_v build_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a figure_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n which_o now_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o town_n the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n it_o now_o have_v on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n its_o regular_a fortification_n beauty_n and_o strength_n it_o owe_v to_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o permission_n of_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n come_v hither_o to_o reform_v the_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o language_n of_o their_o then_o wendish_n subject_n by_o this_o mean_n trade_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o that_o some_o writer_n who_o give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o this_o city_n in_o its_o modern_a condition_n represent_v it_o as_o a_o place_n where_o more_o people_n inhabit_v under_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o intimate_v that_o the_o town_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o its_o citizen_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n the_o castle_n former_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n and_o now_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n be_v a_o pile_n of_o building_n which_o excel_v perhaps_o any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o may_v vy_z with_o most_o of_o its_o kind_n in_o
death_n elect_v emperor_n whereupon_o he_o confer_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n upon_o his_o brother_n 17._o sigismond_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n who_o succeed_v his_o brother_n in_o the_o empire_n sell_v the_o marquisate_n to_o jodocus_n duke_n of_o moravia_n but_o afterward_o have_v redeem_v it_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o william_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n to_o who_o jodicus_n have_v mortgage_v it_o confer_v it_o upon_o frideric_n burggraf_n of_o noremberg_n at_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n in_o the_o year_n 1417._o from_o which_o time_n we_o may_v begin_v to_o reckon_v up_o the_o three_o and_o last_o catalogue_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o follow_v 1._o frideric_n burggraf_n of_o noremberg_n be_v in_o consideration_n of_o his_o good_a service_n do_v against_o the_o rebel_n in_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n create_v as_o before_o say_v marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n pay_v only_o for_o his_o investiture_n 400000_o crown_n his_o son_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n surname_v for_o his_o peevish_a and_o cruel_a temper_n the_o marquis_n with_o the_o iron_n tooth_n he_o be_v make_v duke_n of_o pomeren_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o but_o his_o brother_n 3_o albert_n relinquish_v all_o but_o the_o bare_a title_n in_o pomeren_n leave_v nothing_o to_o his_o successor_n but_o the_o name_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o keep_v of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n however_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o remarkable_a at_o some_o act_n of_o chivalry_n that_o the_o usual_a title_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o pope_n pius_n ii_o be_v achilles_n germanicus_n and_o ulysses_n teutonicus_n he_o die_v at_o francfurt_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n in_o the_o year_n 1494._o his_o son_n 4._o john_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n as_o eloquent_a as_o his_o father_n be_v valiant_a and_o therefore_o he_o be_v common_o style_v cicero_n germanicus_n he_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n in_o the_o year_n 1499_o to_o his_o son_n 5._o joachim_n as_o great_a a_o lover_n as_o his_o father_n be_v a_o master_n of_o eloquence_n founder_n of_o the_o university_n at_o francfurt_n and_o first_o authorizer_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o brandenburg_n 6._o joachim_n ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1534_o get_v himself_o and_o his_o follower_n no_o small_a credit_n in_o a_o brave_a expedition_n against_o the_o turk_n at_o that_o time_n the_o common_a enemy_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n his_o son_n and_o successor_n 7._o john_n george_n govern_v a_o long_a time_n in_o peace_n and_o prosperity_n during_o his_o life_n his_o son_n 8._o joachim_n frideric_n be_v administrator_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o after_o his_o father_n death_n govern_v the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o same_o peaceable_a meekness_n and_o piety_n he_o have_v the_o usual_a blessing_n of_o good_a and_o religious_a man_n the_o happiness_n to_o be_v a_o father_n of_o many_o child_n whereof_o the_o elder_a 9_o john_n sigismond_n succeed_v he_o he_o marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o albert-frideric_a duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o mary_n eleanor_n his_o wife_n daughter_n of_o william_n i._o duke_n of_o cleve_n who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o say_a duke_n as_o he_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o other_o prince_n with_o promise_n that_o upon_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brethren_n without_o issue_n she_o and_o her_o heir_n shall_v succeed_v to_o all_o his_o territory_n upon_o this_o title_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n lay_v claim_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o cleve_n juliers_n and_o bergen_n or_o the_o mountain_n with_o the_o county_n of_o ravensburg_n 10._o george-william_n son_n to_o john_n sigismond_n and_o the_o lady_n ann_n beforemention_v claim_v in_o his_o mother_n right_n the_o dukedom_n aforesaid_a together_o with_o the_o barony_n of_o ravenstein_n all_o which_o be_v part_v betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o cousin-german_a wolfgangus_n palatine_n of_o newburg_n and_o son_n of_o magdalen_n young_a sister_n to_o mary-eleanor_n but_o fall_v out_o at_o last_o about_o the_o division_n of_o their_o territory_n they_o engage_v their_o friend_n and_o ally_n in_o the_o broil_n the_o palatine_a have_v call_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n the_o force_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o elector_n john_n sigismond_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o son_n the_o confederate_a state_n of_o the_o netherlands_o after_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la duke_n of_o pomeren_n it_o be_v hope_v he_o may_v succeed_v into_o that_o dukedom_n also_o but_o how_o the_o swede_n balk_v those_o expectation_n in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n we_o have_v already_o inform_v the_o reader_n this_o marquise_n son_n 11._o frideric_n william_n be_v at_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n a_o prince_n wise_a valiant_a religious_a temperate_a chaste_a and_o in_o a_o word_n master_n of_o all_o the_o noble_a virtue_n without_o the_o least_o mixture_n of_o vice_n of_o his_o countryand_n family_n he_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 1620_o and_o upon_o his_o father_n death_n declare_v elector_n in_o the_o year_n 1656._o he_o have_v several_a child_n by_o both_o his_o wife_n before_o mention_v whereof_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o electoral_a prince_n charles_n emile_n be_v bear_v the_o six_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o though_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v former_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o much_o more_o potent_a prince_n than_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n strength_n strength_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n have_v always_o take_v place_n of_o he_o at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o certain_o the_o case_n be_v much_o alter_v at_o present_a and_o the_o many_o accession_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n dominion_n whereof_o the_o present_a marquis_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n in_o these_o last_o age_n have_v render_v he_o the_o most_o powerful_a and_o formidable_a prince_n next_o to_o the_o austrian_a family_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n beside_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n he_o challenge_v the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n preussen_n juliers_n cleves_n bergen_n stetin_n pomeren_n casubia_n vandalia_n silesia_n crossen_n and_o jagerndorff_n again_o he_o write_v himself_o duke_n of_o rugen_n prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n earl_n of_o the_o marck_n and_o ravensberg_n and_o last_o baron_n of_o ravenstein_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n chief_a interest_n seem_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o firm_a adherence_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n interest_n interest_n who_o possible_o be_v the_o only_a prince_n can_v secure_v he_o from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o his_o neighbour_n the_o swede_n next_o to_o the_o swede_n he_o be_v most_o jealous_a of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n as_o have_v observe_v they_o more_o favour_v by_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o dukedom_n of_o juliers_n and_o cleves_n than_o himself_o this_o oblige_a he_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n upon_o easy_a term_n than_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v be_v willing_a to_o have_v do_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v another_o terrible_a neighbour_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o prussia_n and_o therefore_o the_o elector_n not_o dare_v to_o repose_v too_o great_a a_o confidence_n in_o a_o prince_n who_o pretend_v a_o right_a to_o the_o ducal_z as_o well_o as_o regal_a prussia_n be_v oblige_v to_o keep_v a_o constant_a and_o strong_a army_n upon_o those_o coast_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o this_o question_n be_v move_v whether_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n may_v lawful_o be_v deprive_v of_o all_o the_o territory_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o prussia_n as_o dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o his_o have_v enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n at_o that_o time_n declare_v enemy_n to_o poland_n the_o polish_v lawyer_n urge_v in_o the_o affirmative_a that_o the_o elector_n be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n vassal_n and_o therefore_o forfeit_v his_o land_n by_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o his_o master_n enemy_n but_o certain_o when_o we_o consider_v in_o what_o a_o miserable_a condition_n poor_a king_n casimir_n be_v and_o how_o unable_a to_o defend_v either_o himself_o or_o his_o subject_n and_o again_o how_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o in_o this_o conjuncture_n the_o swedish_n army_n will_v have_v swallow_v up_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o prussia_n as_o it_o have_v already_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n without_o be_v oblige_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n by_o such_o a_o treaty_n the_o pole_n have_v great_a reason_n to_o thank_v the_o elector_n for_o preserve_v by_o this_o expedient_a some_o part_n of_o their_o king_n dominion_n from_o the_o common_a destruction_n then_o to_o condemn_v he_o for_o wise_o shun_v the_o ruin_n which_o king_n casimir_n have_v bring_v upon_o this_o kingdom_n there_o be_v
you_o may_v meet_v large_a vineyard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o grape_n out_o of_o which_o be_v press_v a_o much_o more_o palatable_a sort_n of_o wine_n then_o can_v be_v have_v in_o any_o part_n of_o saxony_n or_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n among_o the_o many_o kind_n of_o plant_n and_o herb_n wherewith_o the_o field_n and_o forest_n as_o well_o as_o garden_n of_o thuringen_n abound_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n be_v wild_a saffron_n and_o woad_n the_o late_a of_o which_o be_v use_v by_o our_o dyer_n in_o their_o best_a blew_n and_o sky-colour_n and_o with_o which_o the_o old_a britain_n as_o cesar_n inform_v we_o be_v use_v to_o paint_v themselves_o near_a sangerhausen_n and_o salfeld_n have_v sometime_o be_v dug_n up_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o copper_n and_o silver_n over_o and_o at_o franckenhausen_n saltzungen_n and_o sultza_n they_o have_v still_o rich_a salt-pit_n the_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o sala_n rivers_n rivers_n werra_n vnstrut_v hiera_n ilm_n leina_fw-la schwertze_n wipper_n helbe_n rahna_n helme_n lossa_n and_o giessel_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v several_a great_a lake_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o of_o their_o mountain_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o weissensee_n and_o schwansee_n the_o boar_n of_o thuringen_n be_v a_o rough_a and_o unhew'n_a sort_n of_o people_n downright_a clown_n inhabitant_n inhabitant_n and_o so_o far_o stranger_n to_o courtship_n and_o breed_n that_o they_o be_v with_o much_o difficulty_n bring_v acquaint_v with_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o humanity_n they_o hardly_o admit_v of_o any_o manner_n of_o government_n or_o order_n among_o they_o and_o be_v possible_o the_o only_a german_n that_o be_v uncivil_a to_o traveller_n the_o thuringer_n upon_o their_o first_o appearance_n in_o these_o part_n government_n government_n subject_v themselves_o to_o a_o king_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n and_o continue_v in_o this_o estate_n till_o their_o whole_a land_n be_v overrun_v and_o conquer_v by_o the_o franc_n in_o the_o year_n 1522._o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o father_n king_n pepin_n who_o first_o root_v out_o paganism_n and_o plant_v christianity_n in_o this_o province_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n who_o govern_v it_o by_o several_a deputy_n and_o lieutenant_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o kingdom_n of_o thuringen_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o great_a many_o county_n and_o barony_n or_o lordship_n such_o be_v the_o county_n of_o schwartzburg_n kirchberg_n kefernburg_n schoneberg_n gleichen_n sangerhausen_n etc._n etc._n the_o lordship_n of_o franckenstein_n saltza_n heldrungen_n dreffert_n apolda_n vargila_n etc._n etc._n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n ludowic_n count_n of_o schoneberg_n get_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o thuringen_n confer_v on_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o and_o his_o grandchild_n prevail_v with_o lotharius_n ii_o to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o count_n into_o landtgrave_n in_o this_o line_n the_o honour_n continue_v till_o the_o death_n of_o herman_n landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o hessen_n in_o the_o year_n 1226._o whereupon_o henry_n duke_n of_o brabant_n get_v possession_n of_o hessen_n and_o thuringen_n fall_v to_o henry_n marquis_n of_o misnia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n erfurt_n the_o metropolis_n of_o thuringen_n erfurt_n erfurt_n and_o one_o of_o the_o large_a city_n in_o germany_n be_v think_v by_o bertius_fw-la and_o other_o learned_a geographer_n to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o erfa_n a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n near_o thirty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o town_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o have_v be_v jerafurt_n which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o ferry_n over_o the_o river_n jera_fw-fr on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o this_o city_n now_o stand_v there_o be_v three_o barony_n and_o seventy-two_a fair_a village_n subject_a to_o the_o citizen_n of_o erfurt_n so_o that_o the_o country_n rustic_n have_v some_o reason_n for_o that_o proverbial_a say_n in_o ordinary_a use_n among_o they_o erfurt_n be_v not_o a_o city_n but_o a_o country_n when_o this_o great_a city_n which_o be_v about_o as_o large_a as_o coln_n and_o as_o beautiful_a be_v first_o build_v be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n it_o be_v reckon_v a_o ancient_a city_n for_o there_o be_v still_o extant_a a_o epistle_n write_v by_o that_o prelate_n to_o pope_n zachary_n wherein_o we_o meet_v with_o these_o word_n unam_fw-la esse_fw-la sedem_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la decrevimus_fw-la in_o castello_n quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la wurtzburg_n &_o alteram_fw-la in_o oppido_fw-la quod_fw-la nominatur_fw-la buriburg_n perhaps_o nuriburg_n tertiam_fw-la in_o loco_fw-la qui_fw-la dicitur_fw-la erphesfurt_n qui_fw-la fuit_fw-la olim_fw-la paganorum_fw-la the_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abundant_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o good_a wine_n vast_a multitude_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v maintain_v by_o gather_v and_o dress_v the_o herb_n woad_n before_o mention_v which_o grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n in_o most_o field_n near_o erfurt_n this_o and_o the_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o town_n corn_n wine_n etc._n etc._n be_v carry_v off_o at_o two_o great_a fair_n in_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v hold_v the_o week_n after_o trinity_n sunday_n and_o the_o other_o at_o martinmass_n weimar_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n weimar_n weimar_n in_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o erfurt_n and_o jena_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o call_v weinmarckt_v from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o wine_n sell_v daily_o at_o this_o town_n it_o be_v questionless_a a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n since_o as_o the_o old_a chronicle_n of_o thuringen_n witness_n the_o emperor_n otho_n ii_o hold_v a_o general_a diet_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 975._o the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o landgrave_n palace_n a_o regular_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o building_n the_o city_n of_o jena_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sala_n jena_n jena_n and_o famous_a for_o a_o univesity_n and_o great_a concourse_n of_o learned_a man_n may_v just_o be_v reckon_v the_o three_o in_o thuringen_n some_o german_a etymologist_n will_v have_v this_o town_n as_o well_o as_o the_o former_a fetch_v its_o name_n from_o the_o grape_n or_o vineyard_n about_o it_o they_o tell_v we_o jain_n signify_v wine_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n and_o therefore_o too_o it_o be_v probable_a say_v they_o that_o the_o jew_n be_v first_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n but_o this_o conjecture_n have_v as_o little_a of_o probability_n in_o it_o as_o that_o fancy_n of_o some_o other_o who_o endeavour_n to_o derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n from_o the_o old_a roman_a god_n janus_n since_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o there_o grow_v any_o vine_n near_o this_o place_n foam_n century_n ago_o or_o that_o ever_o the_o jew_n be_v master_n of_o it_o the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a a_o well_o compact_a piece_n and_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o turret_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o university_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o john_n frideric_n elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o procure_v for_o it_o many_o brave_a and_o large_a privilege_n from_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o but_o this_o good_a prince_n never_o live_v to_o finish_v the_o work_n he_o have_v begin_v but_o upon_o his_o deathbed_n commit_v that_o charge_n to_o his_o son_n who_o get_v the_o forementioned_a privilege_n confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n in_o the_o year_n 1558._o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v never_o want_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o eminent_a professor_n and_o learned_a man_n in_o all_o faculty_n in_o this_o university_n among_o who_o the_o great_a j._n lipsius_n be_v one_o a_o man_n sufficient_a of_o himself_o not_o to_o mention_v any_o of_o his_o learned_a colleague_n to_o eternize_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v here_o a_o library_n give_v they_o by_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o daily_o augment_v but_o not_o so_o considerable_a as_o to_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n gotha_n the_o five_o great_a town_n in_o thuringen_n gotha_n gotha_n seat_v on_o the_o leina_fw-la be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o old_a gothic_a troop_n on_o their_o march_n through_o this_o country_n towards_o italy_n and_o by_o they_o to_o have_v have_v the_o name_n of_o gotha_n give_v it_o however_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v only_o a_o mean_a village_n such_o as_o may_v just_o serve_v for_o the_o tent_n of_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a