they were most of them put to the sword and the rest taken prisoners onely they had libertie which went forth to capitulate Fort at Gerbe taken by the Turkes The fort was spoyled but the gaine was small The Generall Pialy hauing stayed there eight dayes with his fleet he went and made a stately entrie at Tripoli then returning home he was forced by contrarie winds to stay in a port of Sicile neere to Sarragosse where some Turkes going to water they receiued much losse by the horsemen which garded the coast The next day Lewis Sahaâ—edra went vnto the Bassa with a safeconduct touching the ransome of prisoners lamenting much the miserie of those noblemen he found there and wondering at the smiling countenance wherewith Sandy entertained him who shewed himselfe like one that was neuer altered by the crosses or smiles of fortune The Bassa gaue him good hope of ransome but the wind growing faire in the morning he weighed anker Pialy Bassa â—â—ters Constantinople in triumph and went on his voyage Comming to Constantinople he entred in great triumph causing the prisoners to be carried to his house In which Aluaro de Sandy shewed againe his generous mind for some shewing him a bathing house a place appointed for many slaues he refused to enter into it letting the Bassa vnderstand That it was no fit lodging for him and the Turke not without wonder at the greatnesse of his mind commaunded that he should haue chambers appointed for him They were all presented with great solemnitie before the great Turke who stood behind a window to see them they all refusing to accept any vnfitting conditions that were offered them by the great men of the port Sundy was carried to the tower of Marnero whereas those prisoners which once enter doe neuer or seldome come forth Sancho de Lieua Berlingheri and others were sent to the tower of Pera. After this great losse 1561 new miseries pursued some of them that escaped for D. Lewis Osorio and the vicont of Cigale being come into Sicile hauing bought a Turkish gallie which had beene taken from Vluccialy the pyrat a renegado of Calabria it was taken from them by the Viceroy in the port of Messina Whereat these two captaines being much moued they meant to passe into Spaine to complaine vnto the king going in two of their vessels but they were set vpon by a gallie and two Turkish foists and taken almost without any resistance Cigale was led to Constantinople with Scipio his sonne the father dyed there and the sonne denied Iesus Christ from whom came that famous Cigale who was a Bassa in our time The Commaunder Guimerano hauing the reputation of a great mariner was made Generall of the gallies of Sicile but at his first going forth with seuen gallies hee was incountred by Dragut neere vnto the island of Lipari hauing eleuen gallies well armed who tooke him with his seuen gallies and led him away Among the prisoners was the bishop of Cattanea of the house of Caraccioli In the king of Spaines countries of the Netherlands they of the reformed religion increasing mightily notwithstanding the rigorous Edicts which had beene made by the Emperour the Councell of Spaine thought it fit to bring in the Inquisition to suppressâ— them appointing certaine Inquisitors of the Faith who should haue a care that no forbidden bookes should bee read nor kept in their houses and that no man should dispute against the Romish religion But the king hauing promised That hee would not charge his subiects with such an intollerable yoke as the Inquisition was and the Inquisitors finding that they could not by any meanes put it in practise they sought to bring it in by a couert meanes Now bishops in the Netherlands vnder colour of making new bishops in the countrey to effect the which cardinall Granuelle sent doctor Sonnius to Rome as you may read more at large in the Historie of the Netherlands This yeare 1561 the king of Spaine made great instance at Rome King of Spaine seekes to prepare a great fleet with the reuenues of the Clergie to haue libertie from the Pope to dispose of some of the tenthes of the Clergie of Spaine which amounting to a great summe yearely he meant to applie to the good of Christendome and especially of his realmes of Spaine arming a great number of gallies more than had bin accustomed to defend those coasts being continually annoyed with multitudes of pirats who had their retreats in the ports of Barbarie And as many of the noblemen of Spaine shewed themselues readie to contribute out of their owne reuenues to so good and necessarie a worke so the Pope did not refuse to gratifie the king but stayed his resolution for that he would not displease the Prelates of Spaine who did not seeme verie willing to beare this burthen and the Pope desired more at that time than any other when as they sought to draw the Councell againe together not to giue them any great distast The warre beginning to grow hot in France 1562 for matters of religion the Protestants being in armes after the massacre of Vassy the French king craued aid from the Pope and king of Spaine who were verie willing to giue him the best succours they could The Pope on the sudden could not send him aboue two thousand foot and two hundred harquebusiers on horsebacke vnder Fabritio Serbelloni his nephew Generall of his forces at Auignon who finding himselfe too weake for them of the Religion that were in that countrey demaunded new succours and had two companies of lances sent him but the Catholike king offered to sed tenne thousand foot King of Spaine sends succours into France and 3000 horse of the which the French accepted 3000 Spaniards and 3000 Italians but they came late after the battell of Dreux The prince D. Carlo D. Carlo prince of Spaine grieuously sicke sonne to the king of Spaine appointed the sole heire of so many realmes playing at Alcala de Henares with some young youthes his play-fellowes hee fell vnfortunatly downe the stayres in the palace where they stood playing in which fall hee was so hurt in the head as the Physiâ—ians dispaired of his life In this mournefull accident the king referred his fatherly affection to the will of God writing into all his realmes That they should with their deuout prayers procure the princes long life if it were for the glorie of his diuine Maiestie and the good of his subiects Some write that hee was strangely cured by the bodie of Saint Diego who dyed some hundred yeares before a religious man of the Order of Saint Francis the which the king caused to bee brought into the princes presence This bodie was kept in a shrine of yron which Henrie the fourth of that name king of Castille had caused to bee made and layed in a chappell built in honour of him This shrine being brought and opened in the kings presence they found
armie the which beeing within a league and a halfe of that of Portugal there were many things propounded to end their quarrels without a battell but they were all without effect for the king of Castile finding himselfe strong had a desire to fight promising vnto himselfe all aduantages and yet his captaines were of another opinion and among others Monsieur de Rie Chamberlaine to the French king and his ambassador with the King of Castile a Gentleman 70. yeares old and a captaine of great experience saying that his men were wearie and it was late and that the Portugall army in the which were 2200. men at armes and 10000. foote were camped in a place of strength from whence if he would haue patience hee should see them soone dislodg for want of victuals beeing aduertised that they had not any meate but for that night that vppon their dislodging he should haue better oportunitie to fight with them if they went to affront them in the place where they were it was likely they should reape more shame then honor But notwithstanding all these reasons hee would needes fight Battel of Aliubarot and the Castillans defeated wherefore the Castillans hauing put their armies in battell they were receiued couragiously by the Portugals along the mountaines of Maos in the fields nere vnto the village of Aljubarot where at the first charge notwithstanding all the indeauour of the Portugall fore-ward they gaue ground to the Castillans but the new king of Portugal flying thither with his squadron not onely fortified his men but also charging the enemie with great courage who thought they had won all and fought without order carelesly he brake them and put them to a shamefull flight with great slaughter the king of Castile himself being in danger who fled 11. leagues that night vnto S. Iren where he arriued at the breake of day in great perplexity and then recouering the sea-shoare hee caused himselfe to be carryed to Seuile Polydore Virgil in his Historie of England failes in the discourse of his battell saying that Edmond Earle of Cambridge was there with good troupes of English for the new king of Portugal against him of Castile and giues the honour of the battell to the English but it appeares by all the Spanish Writers more credible in matters of Spaine then strangers that the comming of the Earle of Cambridge into Portugall was not at that time but in the life of g Fernand. Neither were there any French troupes for the king of Castile as some Authors make mention Vpon the place of battell there was an Hermitage built to S. George who is held to be the patron and protector of Portugal as also of Arragon as S. Iames is of Castile and this victorie is more celebrated by the Portugals then any they euer had for that by reason thereof they were freed from the subiection of Castile Noblemen of Castile slaine in the battell it is called the battel of Aljubarote or of S. George In this battell there dyed many Noblemen of Castile and among others Don Pedro of Arragon sonne to the Constable of Castile D. Iohn of Castile Lord of Aguilar del campo son to D. Tello L. of Biscay D. Fernand of Castile a yong Prince son to D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque Peter Dias Damas Prior of S. Iohn D. Diego Manrique Gouernor generall of the fronter of Castile D. Pedro of Mendoça a Lord Steward of the king of Castiles house Don Iohn Fernandes of Touar high Admiral D. Diego Gomes Sarmiento Gouernor of Galicia Pedro Carillo Marshall of Castile D. Aluar Gonçalis of Sandoual and his brother Fernand Gonçales D. Iohn Ramir of Areillan Iohn Ortiz of Cueua Gonçalo of Cerbantes Ruy Braue and Fernand Carillo and of the Portugals following the partie of Castile D. Iohn Alphonso Sello Portugals slain of the Castillans side Admirall of Portugall brother to the Queene D. Leonora D. Pero Aluarez Pereira Master of the Order of Calatraua and his brother D. Diego Aluarez Pereira brothers to D. Nugno Aluarez Constable of Portual Gonçal Vasques of Azeuedo with Aluar Gonçales his sonne and others There dyed also in this defeate Monsieur de Rie Ambassador for the French king and his Chamberlaine Great was the spoile of the Castillans campe many prisoners caryed away by the Portugals who hung vp their ensignes other spoils for trophees in the Monasterie of Alcouaça and in the chiefe church at Braga and at the carmes at Lisbon the which were afterwards founded by the Constable D. Nugno Aluarez Pereira and among others the royal Standard of Castile was taken As for those which escaped the battell some gathered themselues together in S. Iren and some of them recouered Castile as well as they could They of S. Iren hauing past the riuer of Tayo with D. Gonçal Nugnes of Guzman Master of Alcantara who was since made Master of the Calatraua they ioyned with the forces of Nauarre and France which the Infant Don Charles of Nauarre brought to the king of Castile his brother-in-law but too late wherfore they returned all together into Castile hauing made all the spoile they could in the Realme of Portugal the which by this battel of Aljubarote remained assured for the king Don Iohn the tenth in number and the first of that name hauing attained to that royall dignitie to the which in the beginning he did not aspire and that with the consent of the Nobilitie and States of the countrie The end of the sixteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE SEVENTEENTH BOOK of the Generall History of Spaine The Contens 1 DOn Iohn Master of the Knights of Auiz chosen king of Portugall the tenth in number and the first of that name 2 Continuation of the warre betwixt Castile and Portugal in the which the English assisted the one and the French the other 3 Whence the title of a Prince in Spaine growes 4 D. Charles the third of that name and 31. king of Nauarre 5 Marriage of Prince Henry of Castile and Katherine of Lancaster 6 Exploits of D. Iohn King of Portugal in Castile and a truce betwixt the two Realmes 7 Tyrannous priuiledges of the Nobility of Arragon Troubles in Sardynia Estates at Monçon policie of Sybile Queene of Arragon authoritie of the Iustice Maior 8 Contention betwixt the Arragonois and Angeuins for the rights of Majorca Adoption of Lewis of Anjou by Queene Ione the first of Naples who sold Auignon to the Pope and what followed 9 D. Iohn the first of that name and 14. King of Arragon his acknowledgement to the Pope in Auignon during the Schisme Estates in Arragon 10 Marriage of Don Martin of Arragon sonne to the Infant Don Martin with the heire of Sicily 11 Lisbon made an Arch-bishopricke 12 Estates of Castile at Guadalajara Orders concerning souldiers and iustice Erections of Dukedomes and other Decrees 13 The stay of D. Leonora Queene of Nauarre wife to D. Charles the third in Castile
a ship in the strait by them of Carthage in the which were found his letters and aduertisements to Denis written in Greeke whereupon he was taken and punished and it was decreed at Carthage That no Carthaginian should learne the Greeke tongue but Denis his armie at sea was defeated whereby the Carthaginians affaires prospered in Sicile Denis being dead Truce with the Sicilians and his sonne of the same name succeeding him vnder the gouernment of Dion his kinsman the warre ended by a long truce betwixt the Carthaginians Sicilians and Hanno returned with great treasure which he had gottē of those spoiles He was presently sent to Calis and Bostar to Majorca and to that part of Spaine which is opposit Hanno tyrannizing ouer the people in his gouernment prouoked them to rebell so as to subdue punish them he called the Moores into Spaine who afflicted them cruelly The complaints being come vnto Carthage Hanno was called home and discharged of his gouernment who in disdain thereof attempted to poyson the whole Senat in a banket which he prepared for his daughters marriage Hannos trecheri◠against the Senat of Carthage This trecherie being discouered and dissembled they presently made Sumptuarie law limitting the number of persons and the sorts of meats at such feasts But hauing escaped punishment yet fearing it he sought notwithstanding to trie his force with a multitude of slaues which he his kinsmen and friends had wherewith the people being incensed they besieged him tooke him in his house and then deliuered him to the Iudges by whose decree his eies were put out his lims broken his body torne with whips and then hung vpon a crosse his children and all his kinsfolkes were also put to death that they should haue no desire of reuenge A cruell example but excusable in the Africans for the foulenesse of the offence and the interest of their countrey The Carthaginians continue in the conquest of Spaine The Carthaginians affecting much the conquest of Spaine pursued it without any disturbance sending good Gouernors and wise captains wherein they prospered daily in such sort as they might terme themselues masters therof and so did enjoy it for aboue 350 yeares all the people of Spaine being their subjects or allies vntill that the Romanes began to make some practises The Romanes seeke to get footing in Spaine by emulation seeking to draw the people vnto them and to be assured of them when any occasion should be offered So either of these Commonweales made way for their great designes yet not entring into any ouert action but the Island of Sicile assayled by the Carthaginians and especially the towne of Messina did so engage them as it could not be appeased but with the ruine of the one party Messina the cause of the first Punicke warres For the space of 115 yeares there was either open war preparations for war or a counterfeit peace betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians They entred into this hostilitie 489 yeres after the foundation of Rome and about 262 yeres before Christ. This first warre was decided in Sicile and in the Mediterranean sea during 24 yeares in which time the people of Spaine did adhere sometimes to one partie sometimes to another as their affaires succeeded the Carthaginians being in the end forced to demaund a peace of the Romans Spain nourisheth the hatred betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians the rest of their hatred and splene continued yet in Spaine for a time for those which had rebelled against the Carthaginians sought to maintaine their liberties by the fauour of the Romanes who encouraged and assisted them vnder hand yet Amilcar surnamed Barca father to Hannibal being appointed Gouernor and Lieutenant generall for the Carthaginians in Spaine subjected vnder their obedience almost all the nations and townes which had beene distracted and did shake the allies of the contrarie faction He was an irreconciliable enemie to the Romanes Priuat passion in Amilcar was the ruine of his countrey and would that his sonne Hannibal should succeed him in the like affection and as we say should sucke it from his mothers breasts binding him thereunto in his youth by othes and religious ceremonies For as he prepared to passe into Spaine with the armie offering the accustomed sacrifices vnto their gods to haue a prosperous voiage he caused his sonne Hannibal being then scarce nine yeares old to approach vnto the altar and hauing commaunded him to lay his hand vpon the sacrifice he made him sweare That as soone as he should be able to beare armes he should employ them to annoy the Romans and declare himselfe their enemie Amicar slaine by the Spaniards Whilest that Amilcar relies too much on his good fortune and pursues the rebels in Spaine inconsideratly he was slaine hauing done great exploits in nine yeares space They attribute the restoring and enlarging of Barcelone vnto him and according vnto some the naming of it Asdrubal his sonne in law succeeded him a wise and a valiant man vnder whom Hannibal learned his first precepts of warre And as the troubles did not onely continue but also encrease in Spaine new rebellions growing daily The Carthaginians tyrannie aduanced the Romans credit in Spaine by reason of the Carthaginians crueltie and tyrannie the Romanes were sollicited by many to take them into their protection whereunto they did willingly giue eare Wherupon these two Commonweales were vpon tearmes to enter into a more cruell warre than euer to auoid the which it was aduised by the Senate of Rome to send Quintus Luctatius into Spaine to treat with the Carthaginians and to settle some good course for the affaires of that countrey So as betwixt Luctatius for the Romans and Asdrubal for the Carthaginians there was a peace renewed and confirmed betwixt those two Estates A new accord betwixt the Romanes and Carthaginians and the friends and allies of either part in Spaine appointing the riuer of Ebro for a limit and barre betwixt them beyond the which they might not lead any armie And for that the towne of Saguntum being then rich and populous held them long in debate either desiring to haue it on his faction in the end not able to agree it was concluded That it should remaine neuter vse her owne lawes and be maintained in her libertie and that neither partie should attempt any thing to the preiudice thereof The Estate of Spaine being thus ordered the peace which was not well assured betwixt the Romanes and Carthaginians continued three and twentie yeres or thereabouts accounting from the day that it was concluded in Sicile Asdrubal gouerned Spaine beyond Ebro eight yeares and aduaunced the affaires of his Commonweale more by mildnesse than by armes whom they make the founder of new Carthage but returning to a rigorous course his crueltie incited a Gaule The great resolution of a seruant louing his master who serued him to murther him reuenging the death of a
many being ingaged in one of his legions Some past from his campe vnto Caesar Ategua taken by Caesar. among the which were Q. Martius and C. Fundanius Ategua being sorely battered and well defended for many dayes in the end yeelded The which Pompey vnderstanding he marched towards Vcubis where he caused a search to be made for all the inhabitants which fauoured Caesar cutting off the heads of seuentie foure and casting many women and children ouer the walls which made many to flie to Caesars campe yea captaines and heads of bands and the souldiours of some legions with some townes Wherefore Pompey fearing that by his delaies he should loose both his allies his armie it selfe hauing spent some dayes in turning vp and downe in the end he resolued to giue Caesar battell neere vnto Munda In both armies besides Romanes and Italian allies and Spaniards there were many Moores Moores in both the armies of Caesar and Pompey for Boechus a Moorish king had sent two of his sonnes to succour Pompey and Bogud another king of the same nation was in person in Caesars armie yet the battell was fought in a manner by the Romanes alone On Caesars side the souldiours were encouraged by their Generals presence and did wonderfull deeds of armes In Pompeyes armie whereas the sugitiue legionaries were Battell betwixt Caesar and Pompey despaire to get their pardon made them to fight resolutely Being come to joyne the allyes of either part turned their backes presently so as the Romanes must trie it who should haue the better the which was done with great obstinacie on either side so as there could no grones nor lamentations be heard of any one that was dying or wounded but onely striking and killing one encouraging another and shewing themselues more prompt with their hands than tongues The battell was long doubtfull neither could Caesar or Pompey judge which had the better who after they had long beheld it in great perplexitie they came among them to encourage their souldiours whereof there was no great need King Bogud was the cause of Caesars victorie who standing without the battell with his Moores went vnto the trenches of Pompeyes campe to spoyle it the which Labienus perceiuing he went out of his ranke to make head against him but the rest of Pompeyes souldiours taking it to be a flight with the apprehension thereof they were all put to rout and although they did soone after find their owne errours A mistaking is the cause of Pompeyes ruine yet could they not rally themselues together againe but some fled to their campe and some towards the towne of Munde The slaughter was great on either side Great slaughter on both sides euen at the taking of the campe whereas Caesars men could neuer enter before they had slaine all those that defended it with like losse of their own men Caesar hauing gotten the victorie with great difficultie and danger he said vnto his souldiours That he had often fought for honour but now he had fought for his life There dyed of Pompeyes souldiours 30000. After this rout Cordoua being abandoned by Sex Pompeius yeelded in the which Scapula who had beene author of the souldiours sedition caused a slaue of his to kill him and to burne his bodie with all the treasure he had Seuill Munde and other places were some taken by force with great slaughter of the inhabitants and some by composition Many towns in Spaine flattering Caesar after these victories called themselues after his name Vcubis was called Claritas Iulia Ebora Libertas Iulia. At this time Caesar did not spare the treasure of Hercules temple in Gades being greatly distressed for money He took away many of their lands laid new taxes vpō those towns which had rebelled that he might reward his friends Pompey hauing escaped by flight he came to Carteia where he thought to make vse of the armie at sea which he had kept readie thereabouts but he was pursued and the ships after a great fight falling into the power of Didius were some of them carried away by him and the rest burnt so as Pompey sore wounded in the shoulder and leg seeking to flie by land was pursued ouertaken Cn. Pompeius the sonne slaine and slaine with many of his men by the horsemen and some companies of foot which were sent after him For these victories gotten in Spaine not against strangers but against citizens of Rome Caesar Q. Fabius and Q. Pedius did triumph at Rome to the great griefe of the people After that these things had been exploited by Caesar and all ciuile dissentions quenched as he thought to enjoy his Dictatorship suffering kingly honours to be done vnto him he was slaine by Cassius Brutus and other conspirators Then was the estate of Rome in greater confusion than euer by the diuision betwixt Octauius Caesar and M. Anthonie and afterwards by the cruell proscriptions of Octauius M. Anthonie and Lepidus which Lepidus had triumphed for Spaine in the yere 707 I know not for what victories It is certaine that he gouerned the hither part of Spain by Caesars gift Lepidus gouerns Spaine vnder Caesar. but it was by his lieutenants hauing neuer done any exploit of warre Dio saith That he persuaded Sex Pompeius to leaue Spaine promising him restitution of his fathers goods Domitius Caluinus C. Norbanus Flaccus and Asinius Pollio were afterwards Gouernours of Spaine of whose exploits there is no memorable mention In the yeare 713 Cornel. Balbus borne at Calis was Consull at Rome and in the yeare 714 the second diuision of the empire being made betwixt Octauius Caesar M. Anthonie and M. Lepidus after the reconciliation betwixt Octauius and M. Anthonie and the Perusine warre among other prouinces Spaine fell to Octauius and from that yere the Spaniards began to account their yeares by the Arke or rule of Caesar the which was 38 years before the comming of our Sauiour the which they did continue vntill the yeare 1383 of our saluation when as this custome was left as shall be said 20 In the yeare 726 of the foundation of Rome Augustus in Spaine Augustus being sole Emperour he vndertooke to subdue the Cantabrians Asturians and Gallicians who had alwayes held their libertie lawes and auntient customes to rob and spoyle their neighbours and would wholly subject them vnder his empire wherefore he resolued to goe in person into Spaine where he found those nations assured in their countenances and full of contempt relying in the strength of their mountaines from whence they made many sudden enterprises verie prejudiciall to the emperours armie the which camped at Sigisama the which some thinke was that which at this present they call Veisama in Guipuscoa or Biscaye and not Sigisama Iulia where he made three troupes of his forces Hauing spent many dayes there and nothing aduanced his affaires Augustus fell sicke with care and trauell wherfore hauing left the charge of the warre to C. Antistius he caused
of Spaine touching the reigne of Amalaric and deeds of Theodoric king of Italie whom the Spaniards make his grandfather by the mothers side 19 Theude the ninth king of the Gothes in Spaine 20 Theodiscle the tenth king of the Gothes in Spaine 21 Agila the eleuenth king 22 Athanagilde the twelfth king 23 Luiba the thirteenth king 24 Leonigilde the foureteenth king and his deeds 25 End of the reigne of the Sueues in Gallicia 26 Ricared the fifteenth king abiuration of the Arrian heresie at the third Councell of Toledo reformation of the Gothicke lawes 27 Luiba the second of that name sixteenth king cruell his death 28 Vuiteric the seuentcenth king a tyrant 29 Gundamyr the eighteenth king 30 Sizebut the nineteenth king 31 Suintilla the twentieth king deposed for his vices 32 Sizenand the one and twentieth king the fourth Councell of Toledo 33 Cinthilla the two and twentieth king and the fift and sixt Councels of Toledo 34 Tulba the three and twentieth king 35 Cindasuinthe the foure and twentieth king vnder whom was the seuenth Councell of Toledo 36 Recesuinthe the fiue and twentieth king and the ninth and tenth Councels of Toledo 37 Bamba the six and twentieth king rebellion of Paule and others in Gothike Gaule and their punishment 38 The eleuenth Councell of Toledo vnder him and some decrees 39 Eringe the seuen and twentieth king and vnder him the twelfth thirteenth and foureteenth Councels of Toledo 40 Egica the eight and twentieth king vnder whom were the fifteenth sixteenth and seuenteenth Councels of Toledo 41 Vitiza the nine and twentieth king cruell and infamous the eighteenth Councell at Toledo 42 Roderic the thirtieth and last king of Gothes in Spaine his vices inuasion of Spaine by the Moores and Arabians and the end of the Gothes reigne 43 A Catalogue of the auncient Bishops of Spaine BEing to treat of the Gothes kingdome in Spaine it is fit to know from what region they are come and by what accidents they first seated themselues in Spaine Honorius sonne to Theodosius the Great then reigning in the West 1 The Gothes are issued from the Getes The Gothes come out of Asia intâ— Europe and their first beginning was in Asia they passed into Europe long before and did first seize vpon the higher countrey of Thrace and Mysia which is at this day Bulgaria Bosna Rascia Seruia and it may be a part of Hungarie and in the end they came to either banke of the riuer of Danube and then by degrees peopling all that lyes betwixt that riuer and the Northerne shore of the Baltike sea they did in the end hold all that continent which extends it selfe in manner of an island in the bosome thereof with all the neighbour islands They were famous for a long time in Dacia in those regions which wee now call Valachia Transyluania Gothes Geâ—es Gepides all one nation and Moldauia where they were called Getes and Gepides In the times of Alexander the Great there were certaine encounters betwixt the Grecians and the Gothes not farre from the island of Peuce aboue Constantinople at the mouths of Danube or Ister as they called it in that place Syrmius reigned ouer that nation at that time We read also That Lysimachus one of Alexanders successors was vanquished in battaile and taken by a king of the Gothes whom hee afterwards set freely at libertie and married his daughter After which in tract of time other nations being mingled with them those which did inhabite the great Peninsule which the auncients called Scandia and Scandinauia yet little knowne to them retained the name of Gothes and the language the which as some affirme was like vnto that of the Celtes others hold That it was the Teuton or Dutch tongue which languages being corrupted differ much at this day from those times when they were in their greatest puritie From these Northerne regions which containe at this day the realmes of Suethland and Denmarke often and vpon diuers occasions there came great troupes of people who tooke possession againe of the countries joyning to the Venedique or Baltike sea The Gothish tongue and of the islands thereof chasing away the inhabitants and aduauncing into the maine land they did repossesse Dacia and Mysia and ouerrun the higher Thrace vnder Filymer sonne to Gandaric who was the fift king after this returne In these countries they planted their bounds vpon the Danube and there reigned some ages they did encrease their fame with great victories and did giue their name to many nations whom they subjected They inuaded the Romane Empire in the time of Decius vnder the conduct of their king Giua and did vanquish the Romanes in a great battaile whereas Decius and his sonne were slaine after which by many victories they made themselues fearefull to the Romans so as the Emperous were often glad to haue them for friends and companions in arms and by the vertue and valor of their troups which they entertained did often execute great matters About the time of Valentinian and Valens Hermanaric reigned ouer the Gothes The Hunschase the Gothes out of their coÌ„quests who vanquished many nations who notwithstanding yeelded to the force of the Hunnes fathers to the Hungarians who came at that time out of Asia into Europe in great numbers through the fennes of Meotides Hermanaric being dead and Vithimir his successor slaine in battaile the Gothes estate was ouerthrowne and troden vnder foot by the Hunnes wherefore such as would not liue vnder the Conquerors subjection retyred themselues into diuers other countries Athanaric who had shewed himselfe an enemie to Valens in supporting Procopius his rebell would not trust him and therefore he tooke his course towards the North and did inhabite with his troupes in the forrests of Sarmatia But Fritigerne and Alauin being followed with a great number of Gothes came vnto the bankes of Danube vpon the confines of the Empire where desiring to be admitted to dwell with the other subjects Valens consented supposing that they should serue as a rampier against forraine nations that would inuade the empire on that side Then there arriued vpon the same marches Vitheric Distinction of the East and West Gothes sonne to Vithimir with his tutors Alathee and Safrax and also Farnabe conductors of other great troupes Then did the Romans begin to distinguish these people into Ostrogoths or East Goths and Visigoths or West Goths calling those which did remaine vnder the domination of the Hunnes Ostrogoths and those Visigots which had passed the Danube and dwelt in Hungarie Mysia and Thracia the which distinction was ancient among them according to their countries and abodes and was againe practised in Italie Gaule and Spaine when as this nation had erected kingdomes there whereof the princes were diuided into two families or factions that is the Hâ—mels or Amales and the Baltes 2 The name of Iesus Christ had beene many yeares preached among this nation Christian religion among the Gothes before
vnto his crowne and did wholly suppresse the name of the Silinges Vandales in Betica Hee made a certaine composition with the Romanes to whom he yeelded the countrey of Toledo in Carpetania and new Carthage called now Carthagena Theodoric hauing also made a peace with the Romanes in Gaule made a designe vpon Spaine yet being called backe to joyne with the Romanes against the Hunnes who were entred in infinit numbers into Gaule vnder Attila Defeat of Attila Anno 453. hee was in that memorable battaile whereas Attila was defeated in the which there died aboue an hundred and eightie thousand men vpon the field and among others Theodoric king of the Gothes hauing reigned foureteene yeares according vnto some The cause of this warre which Attila vndertooke was his bad disposition to ruine the whole world whereunto he was incited by Genseric king of the Vandales who was trecherous cruell and inhumane hauing a desire to ruine the Visigothes in Gaule and Spaine both for that he had beene chased and pursued by them as also fearing that Theodoric their king would seeke to reuenge the injurie done vnto his daughter who being married vnto Humeric the sonne of Genseric had beene sent backe by him vnto her father disfigured without a nose vpon a suspition which Genseric had that she would haue poysoned him In this battaile there were fiue kings Atila king of the Hunnes Generall of the warre Valamir of the Ostrogothes who were tributaries to Atila Theodoric of the Visigothes in Gaule and Spaine Fiue kings in the battel◠whereas Atila was defeated Ardaric of the Gepides and Meroue of the French This was in the yere 453 and was fought in the fields of Maroche a word corrupted of Maurice otherwise called Cathalaunians a battaile as remarkable as hath bin since the deluge in regard of the great number of men that were in arms and the strange designes of Atila a common enemie of all mankind Besides those that died in the battell there was an encounter the night before betwixt the Gepides and the French in the which there were aboue 90000 men slaine Rechilan died a little before in Merida Recciaire third K. of the Sueues in Gallicia being an idolatrer and after him his sonne Recciaire reigned ouer the Sueues in Gallicia who was baptized and had receiued the Christian religion Hee had also married a daughter of Theodorics king of Gothes whereby he grew proud aspiring to great matters He inuaded the Vascons country which is now Nauarre and spoiled it From thence he went to see his father in law and in his returne with the helpe of the Gothes he sackt Sarragosse and all the country which we now call Arragon the which obeyed the Empire He spoyled that of Carthagene the which his father by a treatie made with the Romanes had yeelded vnto them This past before the defeat of the Hunnes 3. Torismund 10 AFter that Theodoric had beene slaine in that great battaile An. 453. the which was woon by the fauor of God and to the great good of all the countries of Europe against that cruell tyrant Attila his sonne Torismund succeeded him ouer the Visigothes whose seat was at Tolouse He had many brethren Theodoric Frederic Turic Rothemer and Huneric Aetius lieutenant Generall for the Emperour Valentinian made him jealous of them least they should seize vpon the realme in his absence aduising him to goe speedily to Tolouse and to cause himselfe to be crowned This Aetius did for that he distrusted the Gothes whom he loued not neere him yea he was grieued to see this yong prince full of courage after this victory lately gotten against the Hunnes hauing a desire to pursue the remainder of this defeated army and to root them out quite the which Aetius held not profitable for the Romans for knowing the nature of the Goths to be proud and actiue he feared that being puffed vp with many victories they should enter into the territories of the Romanes wherefore he suffered the remainders of the defeated armie of the Hunnes to slip away which gaue his enemies subject to disgrace him with the Emperour Valentinian who afterwards put him to death whereby as some said he cut off the right arme of his estate for he was a wise and valiant captaine yet some say That betwixt Torismund and Atila there were some happie encounters for the Gothes Torismund hauing reigned three yeares was slaine by his enemies as he was let bloud being sicke They write That one stole away his armes which he kept by his bed yet hauing a penknife in his hand Torismund slain by his brethrens procurement he slew some of the murtherers which came to assault him It is doubtfull whether they were his brethren or others by their procurement Some say That the murtherers name was Ascalerne and that he reigned but a yeare 4. Theodoric the second of that name 11 THeodoric the 2. succeeded his brother Torismund A damnable desire of reuenge in a woman about the time that Valentinian the 3 was slain by the friends of Aetius The Empire of Rome was thē held by one Maximus who maried Eudoxia by force being widow to Valentinian that was slaine thinking by this conjunction to be more respected in the imperial dignitie which he vsurped but this woman mad for the wrong she thought was done vnto her sought to be reuēged of Maximus to the prejudice of her selfe of Rome Italy of the whole Empire for by the means of Boniface she caused Genseric to come out of Africke who with an army of Vandales Africanes Moores others entred Rome and slew Maximus sacked and burnt the towne spoyled all Italie and led away Eudoxia and her daughters with many thousands others prisoners into Africke yet afterwards he set Eudoxia and her daughters free except one whom he kept to marrie to his sonne This was done by a treatie made with the Emperour Martian who reigned in the East at Constantinople who also suffered Theodoric in recompence of the succours which the Visigothes had giuen the Romanes against Attila to reigne in Spaine and to get what hee could from the Sueues Theodoric then entred into Spaine in the yeare 458 Ann. 458. against whom Recchiaire king of the Sueues opposed himselfe reigning in Lusitania and Gallicia there was a battaile fought neere vnto the riuer of Vrbic twelue miles from Asturica betwixt Asturica and Leon in the which the chiefe of the nobilitie of the Sueues were slaine and Recchiaire was constrained to saue himselfe by flight Defeat of the Sueues and the death of Recchiaire meaning to passe into Africke to Genseric king of the Vandales hee was put backe by a tempest to Porto and there taken and deliuered to Theodoric who caused him to be slaine although he were his brother in law Gallicia being come into Theodorics power by this victorie he left one of his captaines called Acliulf of Auuergne Gouernour in his name whilest that he pursued his
among other there was a decree made against the Iewes An. 694. who being accused not onely to haue reuolted from the Christian religion in the which they had beene once baptized but also to haue conspired against the King and the State of Spaine it was said That their goods should be confiscated A decree against the Iewes their persons wiues and children and their descendants held for slaues and dispersed throughout Spaine That those which had them in seruice should not suffer them to exercise their Iewish ceremonies That their children being once seuen yeres old should be sent away from their parents and giuen to Christians to bring vp and then married to Christians and by all meanes drawne from the conuersation and acquaintance of their parents and men of their sect this is to be seene in the eight article These last Councels were generall assemblies of the nation What the Councels of these times were whereas the Clergie held the first place the which in name and shew were made to determine of matters concerning religion but in effect they treated of matters of State whereas controuersies betwixt great men and other politicke matters were there decided and although there were men of all estates yea and of the noblest houses and that there was an order that regular men should take knowledge of regular causes and secular causes should be decided by the secular men yet it is easie to judge that the soueraigne and last decision depended vpon the authoritie of the Fathers in all things so as the spiritualtie in the confusion of these two powers did often vanish among worldly affaires and ciuile policie vsurped by clergie men became tyrannie as we shall soone see Egica growne old Fafila Gouernor of Biscaye had setled his sonne Vitiza as Viceroy in Gallicia holding his seat at Tuy then Tude whither a little before he had confined Fafila duke or gouernour of Biscaye sonne to king Cindasiunthe as some hold for certaine attempts made against him whose wife was corrupted by Vitiza who afterwards by her instigation slew Fafila that they might enjoy their loues more freely This excesse happened in a towne which was then called Douzemains and now Palatio neere vnto the riuer Vrbicum This Fafila was father to king Pelagius who restored Spaine being oppressed and ruined by the Moores Egica hauing reigned about thirteene yeares died at Toledo being honoured for a wise and temperate king 29. Vitiza 41 THe dishonour and infamie of the kings of the Gothes was in the person of this Vitiza Ann. 701. being full of all excesse in his lust without feare or reuerence of God in his actions an hipocrite and dissembler for at his first comming he shewed himselfe mild liberall and religious but soone after he turned to his owne nature He called a Councell of Bishops and Noblemen at Toledo 18 Councell of Toledo to consult touching the gouernment of his realme he caused Theofreds eyes to be pulled out who had beene confined to Cordoua least that hee who was beloued of the people and brother to Reccesiunthe should aspire vnto the Crowne Hee intended to doe the like to Pelagius the sonne of Fafila whom hee had slaine but hee escaped and fled into Biscaye being reserued for greater matters Hee committed manie villanies the first two yeares yet secretly but afterwards he exceeded in all vices without any shame he filled his palace with many wiues which he had married and an infinite number of concubines the which he would haue publickely allowed vnto all men The impâ—re and lend life of Vitiza and did persuade the Noblemen to follow his example Hee did likewise disannull the Popes Constitutions for a single life and by an Edict which he caused to be set foorth suffered Clergie men to marrie and to haue as many women married or vnmarried as they pleased vsing all the inticements he could to infect them with his licentiousnesse least they should oppose themselues against him and by their censures draw the people from obeying of so filthie and vnchast a king And to preuent all rebellions this man blinded with his lustfull pleasures caused vnder the colour of peace which Spaine did then enjoy all the townes of his realme to be demanteled Towns of Spain demanteled and the people disarmed by Vitiza except Leon Toledo and Asturica Besides hee disarmed the people and depriued Sinderede Archbishop of Toledo were it justly or vnjustly of his dignitie giuing it to his brother Opas who was Archbishop of Seuille hee disannulled all the immunities and priuiledges of Churches called backe the Iewes and restored the banished men to their goods and possessions giuing them more priuiledges than euer they had before Finally as a presage of the future miseries he shewed in all sorts of excesse and violence contrarie to the lawes of God and men what princes ill instructed and ignorant of true pietie could doe In the meane time blind Theofred confined to Cordoua being newly married to Recilone a ladie of the bloud royall of the Gothes had begotten two sonnes of her Roderic and Costa to whom Vitiza would haue done as much as hee had done to the father but they escaped and implored the Romanes aid as the Archbishop Rodrigo doth report or else of the nobilitie of the Gothes who in remembrance of Reccesiunthe gaue them aid to chase this infamous monster out of the royall throne which he did vnworthily hold Being come to battaile Vitiza was defeated and taken Vitiza taken and his eyes put out by Roderic and Costa sons to Theofred and according to the president which he had giuen his owne eyes were put out and he confined to Cordoua without title or honour where he spent the rest of his life in miserie hauing reigned tenne yeares Thus Roderic obtained the crowne by the fauour of the Romanes and the suffrages of the people 30. Roderic last King of the Gothes 42 THe time was now come when as the kingdome of the Gothes in Spaine must haue an end Ann. 711. being come to the height of their iniquities for in their Commonweale all things both holy and prophane were managed with fraud and violence and their princes affected confusion to satisfie their ambition and infamous lusts wherefore it pleased God to confound them in their imaginations to blind them that would be blind to root out the incorrigible and to take his graces from them that did obstinately contemne him Roderic more vitious than Vitiza Roderic hauing beene an instrument to punish a tyrant made no vse of this correction nor acknowledged the fauour from whence it came but presently after his comming to the crowne he followed Vitizaes steps yea he exceeded him in all vices He shewed himselfe cruell and inhumane to Sisebut and Elba the children of Vitiza whom he pursued with all the indignities that might be and forced them to flie into Africke depriued of all their goods where they were entertained by Recila Earle
retyred from Court into his country of Saldagne where he shewed himselfe as much as he could an enemie to king D. Alphonso D. Fortun third King of Nauarre 23 DVring the raigne of this king of Ouiedo and Leon Nauarre D. Fortun was the third king of Sobrarbre and Nauarre An. 802. who came vnto the Crowne in the yeare 802 after the decease of D. Garcia Inigo his father He was not onely to make head against the Moores but also against the French who spoyled his countries of Nauarre and Arragon as well as those of the Mahumetists for souldiours hold nothing holie but that which is barren and yeelds no bootie During the raigne of this king was that famous defeat at Ronceuaux where he was with his Nauarrois and other confederates for the Spanish partie where the French hauing beene defeated and stripped of their baggage they afterwards did all they could to annoy Spaine This king was married to Theude daughter to D. Galinde by reason whereof he did inherite as some say the countrey of Arragon yet this vnion of Arragon and Nauarre is not receiued by all Authors but is referred to a later time and there are memorials found of other Earles in that countrey after D. Galinde Of this marriage came the infant D. Sancho Garces successor in the realme of Sobrarbre and Nauarre to D. Fortun his father whom it may be this Theude had had to her second husband for some Authors say that she had beene formerly married to one of Charles his captaines and of his bloud called Bernard not he which gouerned Cattelogne D. Fortun had great warres against the Arabian Moores to whom with the Arragonois and other his allyes he gaue battaile at a place called Olcassa or Olaast in the which died D. Ximen Aznaris Earle of Arragon brother to D. Theude the which some maintaine did happen vnder D. Sancho sonne and successor to D. Fortun who was vanquished and slaine by Musa Aben Cacin or Heazin king of Saragosse The Christians woon this battaile of Olcassa by the valour of them of Roncal who had for a testimonie thereof the title and priuiledges of Gentrie which they enjoy at this day D. Sancho Garces sixt King of Nauarre 24 D. Fortun hauing raigned thirteene yeares died An. 815. and there succeeded him in the yeare 815 his sonne D. Sancho Garces who continued the warres against the Moores with good successe There is mention made of a battaile he woon against them in the yeare 821 neere vnto Ochauiere in the which the inhabitants of the valley of Roncal behaued themselues so valiantly as they deserued a new confirmation and enlargement of their priuiledges of Nobilitie These people although they were subjects of Nauarre yet they leuie an annuall tribute of the French their neighbours by an accord made in old time It is a place vnder the jurisdiction of Sanguesse situated in the Pyrenee mountaines of Nauarre confining vpon them of Val Breton which are of France from whom they exact three Cowes euerie yeare on the third day of Iune with certaine ceremonies obserued of old time Some thinke this tribute grew by reason of the warres which this king had with the Gascoines and French who being incensed with the Cont of Ronceuaux did vsually inuade the territories of Sobrarbre and Nauarre who after they had beene vigorously repulsed by him and his successors they were forced to make the aboue-mentioned peace and doe the homage 25 In Arragon Arragon D. Ximen Aznar the sonne of D. Galinde hauing commaunded with the title of Earle a gallant knight who died in the battaile of Olcassa following the partie of D. Fortun Garces of Nauarre or else in the seruice of D. Fortun his sonne about the yeare 803 to him succeeded his vncle called D. Ximen Garces notwithstanding that he had a brother Diuers Earles of Arragon whose name was Endregot whether it were by force or otherwise the Histories make no mention This D. Ximen Garces liued little he was wise and valiant and was slaine in an incounter against the Moores After him D. Garcia Aznaris was fift Earle of Arragon who also did not long enjoy his estate and was slaine fighting valiantly against the Moores in Spaine D. Fortun his sonne did inherite the Earledome of Arragon who imployed himselfe valiantly in the warres against the Moores he died without any sonne so as Arragon was then vnited to Nauarre by the meanes of D. Vrraca daughter to D. Fortun or as some write of D. Endregot Galinde who was married to D. Garcia Inigo second of that name king of Nauarre sonne to Inigo Arista the which was the first woman which did inherite this Countie of Arragon Succession of women in Arragon and brought in a custome that the women should succeed 26 Another Bernard of whom we haue made mention who intitled himselfe Earle of Barcelone Cattelogne Duke and Marquesse of Spaine gouerned Cattelogne about the yeare 796 for the French after the death of Zato the Moore being their vassale and tributarie He had beene Gouernor of Prouence and Languedoe vnder the Emperour Charlemaigne In Cattelogne he made sharpe warres against the Moores wherein he was assisted by a Spanish knight called D. Geoffrey the hairie which succeeded in the gouernment of Barcelone This Geoffrey was Lord of the castle of Arria in the territorie of Conflent and Countie of Barcelone with the helpe of which D. Bernard he tooke from the Moores all the countrey which lyes betwixt the two riuers of Noguera and Lobregat but after the death of Charlemaigne a Gouernor of Guienne called Aymon hauing rebelled against the Emperor Lewis his sonne and successor besides the hurt he did in that Prouince entred into Cattelogne and tooke townes and castles being fauoured by Abderramen king of the Moores at Cordoua and in the yeare 820 these rebellious French and the Moores hauing joyned their forces together they came and besieged Barcelone 27 This Abderramen Moores second of that name had succeeded his father Halihatan who died in the yeare 819 and of the Arabians 202 hauing raigned 24 yeares who of many wiues which Mahumets law doth allow had left 19 sonnes and 21 daughters This warre of Cattelogne was one of Abderramens first exploits in the which Barcelone was taken in the yeare 820 but soone after recouered by the Christians In the yeare 824 died Don Alphonso the chast Ouiedo hauing instituted for his successor D. Ramir An. 824. sonne to D. Bermond or Veremond the Deacon rejecting D. Bernard of Carpio his sisters sonne who was his lawfull heire This Prince raigned 29 yeares and was buried at Ouiedo in S. Maries Church which he had built He was a great benefactor of the Clergies Wee find a donation made by him to the Church of Compostella Letters of donation suspect of about a league of ground about S. Iaques sepulchre but the date of these letters are of the yeare 835 which agrees not with
Christians who desired to abate the power of the Moores and to keepe them diuided all they could came to succour the Toledanes being led by one of the sonnes of king D. Ordogno both armies met not farre from the citie neere vnto the riuer of Guadacelette Mahumets victorie but Mahumet had the victorie there were slaine in this battaile 13000 Moores of Toledo and 8000 Christians yet all this could not make him master of the towne Mahumet being victor he caused the heads of his enemies to be carried into diuers townes to strike terror into those that would rebell for it was the custome of that nation at the change of Princes to stirre vp new troubles This warre continued three yeares vnto the death of the king D. Ordogno 33 Cont Bernard of Barcelone liued at this time Cattelogne much fauored in the Court of the Emperour Lewis the Gentle not without enuie especially of such as had had the gouernment of Prince Bernard the sonne of Pepin king of Italie in his youth He was accused to haue committed adulterie with the Empresse Iudith D. Geoffrey Earle or Gouernour of Barcelone whatsoeuer the cause were D. Geoffrey of Arria succeeded him in the Countie of Barcelone in the yeare 839. In the yeare 841 Ouiedo king D. Ordogno being much afflicted with the Gout and other infirmities was withall oppressed with griefe for the rout of his men which he had sent to succour the Toledanes whereupon he fell grieuously sick and died hauing gouerned the realme of Leon and Ouiedo tenne yeares The letters and titles of the Church of S. Iaques of Compostella giue longer liues to these kings for there is one found of king D. Ordogno of the yere 854 and another of the yeare 862 yea of 874 wherefore there is no great certaintie of the time in the raignes of the kings of Ouiedo and Leon. These letters and titles differ aboue 33 yeares from the common opinion D. Alphonso third of that name twelfth King of Ouiedo 34 ALphonso the Great Anno 841 sonne to D. Ordogno Ouiedo was but foureteene yeares old or ten as some say when he began to raigne a prince endowed with all royall vertues whose life and gouernment was long His entrie was disquieted by a knight of Gallicia called D. Froila Bermudes who contemning the kings youth did rise and seise vpon the Crowne D. Alphonso being retired to Alaua to preserue himselfe against this tyrant as he was busie to raise an armie of his friends and subiects he had newes that D. Froila being come to Ouiedo the chiefe towne of the whole realme Tyrannie and vsurpation iustly punished to be crowned there he had beene slaine by the Senators and Councellors which had conspired against him wherefore he came thither was receiued and recouered his realme in peace Then was there gouernour in Alaua a knight called Eylo or Zeybon brother to one Zenon which some Authors say had beene Lord of Biscaie This Eylo as soone as Alphonso was setled in his realme of Ouiedo rebelled against him and drew from him all which the kings of Ouiedo held in that prouince D. Alphonso who was then at Leon being aduertised of this disorder marcht with such forces as he could gather readily together towards Alaua where his presence caused him to be generally obeyed He tooke this gouernor and carried him to Ouiedo where he ended his dayes in prison Mahumet Moores first Moore of that name raigned then in Spaine against whom the earle of Barcelone made sharpe warres but with small successe He sent an armie against the Christians led by two captaines Imundar and Alcama the which came and lodged about Leon as if they would besiege it Anno 842. in the yeare 842. But king D. Alphonso succoured it and forced the Moores to retire In the end of Abderramens raigne there had beene a great persecution against the Christians which dwelt in the Moores countries whereof their insolencies and rebellions was the cause The libertie of Christians among the Moors in Spaine They had as we haue said libertie of their religion and they were suffered to build Temples and Monasteries at their pleasures their Priests and Monkes did freely vse their seuerall habits They had Iudges and Rectors among them to administer iustice vnder the authoritie of the Mahumetane kings onely they were forbidden to enter into the Mosquee and not to speake ill of their Prophet Mahumet They payed tributes the which were sometimes augmented as necessitie required or according to the passions of their kings Whereupon many Christians tooke occasion to murmure and to make bitter complaints the which did incense the Moores Some Christians of more iudgement exhorted the rest to patience foreseeing the mischiefe but it was in vaine yea Accafred a Bishop and Seruand an Earle who were of these moderators were condemned by a Councell and are blamed by the Authors of Histories who haue made no scruple to put in the number of Martyres those rebells which perished in this massacre the which was great and continued ten yeares for an aduertisement to all others not to rise against their prince to whom they are made subiect by the will of God especially for their temporall goods In the meane time the quarell betwixt this Miralmumin and them of Toledo continued and their obstinacie was such as Mahumet seeing they would not acknowledge him vpon any conditions he sent a mightie armie against them vnder the conduct of his brother or as some hold of his sonne called Almondir who spoyled rased and burnt all that was within the territorie of Toldo and yet no man durst make head against him his forces were so great King D. Alphonso imbracing this occasion of the Moores diuisions being entred into league with the French and Nauarrois D. Alphonso spoyles the Moors country he entred and spoyled their countrey They hold that Bernard of Carpio was chiefe of this armie Mahumet did aboue all things desire to subdue them of Toledo the which was a great and strong citie and therefore hard to be forced Wherefore he resolued to reduce it to extremitie of victuals by a long siege and so force them to yeeld Anno 848. And hauing raised a great armie in the yeare 848 he led it himselfe in person against the Toledanes who issued out of the towne resoluing to fight with him but it was to their losse and confusion for they were forced to retire with shame the towne was besieged the bridge vpon the riuer of Tayo the worke of king Hisem was beaten downe the Moores call bridges Alcantara and all meanes of succours taken from the inhabitants Wherefore they began somewhat to yeeld Toledo reduced vnder the obedience of the Morres at Cordoua and to talke of a composition wherein they were heard and satisfied so as Mahumet entred the citie with great ioy hauing reduced so great a people vnder his obedience From whence he sent some troupes to
Eylo or Zethon whom we had confined into Ouiedo in the beginning of the raigne of this Alphonso who being made earle or gouernour of Biscaie by the kings bountie would rebell as his brother had done Rebellion of the gouernor of Biscate forcing the king to send an armie against him by the which he was vanquished taken and led to Ouiedo where he ended his dayes in prison This Zeno left two daughters the one called Theude was maried according vnto some to D. Inigo Arista king of Nauarre and the other D. Iniga to the infant D. Suria of whom we shall hereafter speake This was in the yeare 856. All this time and to the yeare 859 Moores Anno 859. there had beene a suspension of armes betwixt king D. Alphonso and the Moores but that yeare king Mahumet went to armes and came and besieged the towne of Coimbra belonging now to Portugal but D. Alphonso forced him to raise his siege and not content therewith entred into the Moores countrey wasted it and returned with great spoyles continuing euerie yeare to annoy them in such sort as they were constrained to accept of a truce for three yeares with the preiudice of their reputations and great disaduantage in their iurisdictions Then there raigned in Sarragosse a Moore called Aben Alfaie The rest of Mahumets raigne vnto his death was spent in voluptuous lust and idlenesse In his time there was a great earthquake in Spaine and a little before his death lightening entring into the Mosquee where he was slew two Noblemen Moores neere vnto him D. Garcia Inigues third of that name and seuenth King of Nauarre 37 About the yeare 867 Nauarre and Arragon vnited as some Authors write died D. Inigo Arista king of Nauarre to whom succeeded D. Garcia Inigues his sonne the third of that name who vnited the countrey of Arragon to Nauarre by marying with D. Vrraca daughter to D. Fortun the last earle or of D. Endregot Galinde of the same house and familie of Arragon He had two sons by this Ladie D. Fortun and D. Sancho Abarca and one daughter called D. Sanctiua or Sancha They write this fable of D. Sancho That the king going inconsiderately with his queene through the mountaines of Nauarre he was surprised by certaine Moores and slaine and the queene ouerthrowne being thrust into the bellie with a Moores launce at such time as she was great with this D. Sancho Some houres after a knight whom they called D. Sancho of Gueuara passing that way met with this pitifull spectacle and saw that the child had thrust forth a hand by the mothers wound and had laboured to come forth there wherefore this knight lighting from his horse made the wound greater so as he drew forth this infant aliue without any harme then he carried it to his house with good witnesses where he caused it to be nourished according to his degree vntill he grew great and then he presented him to the Estates of the realme and made him be acknowledged for their lawfull king But as we say it is like to be a fable and hath no great authoritie yet they say that the surname of Ladron which is peculiar to the house of Gueuara came for that this knight did secretly nourish the infant D. Sancho D. Sanctiua the daughter was maried to king Ordogno the second sonne to Alphonso the great 38 They hold opinion Biscaie That the lords of Biscaie had their beginning at this time in D. Suria whose posteritie was famous for many yeares for after that D. Zeno had beene vanquished and led prisoner as we haue said the Biscaines seeing themselues without a head fell to mutinies and seditions Thither was sent D. Ordogno sonne to king D. Alphonso whom they called Earle of Asturies who began to ouerrun and spoyle the countrey The townes and comminalties assembled to make head against him chusing D. Suria for their captaine who was descended from the bloud royall of Scotland by his mother and had maried a daughter of Cont Zenos called D. Iniga but at that time deceased The forces of either part came to fight in a place called then Padura The battell was sharpe and cruell and for that the whole countrey did swim with bloud the place was from that time called Arrigoriaga which in the countrey language signifies a vermilion stone The Biscaines with the aid and by the valour of D. Sancho Estiguis Lord of Durando who ended his dayes in this battell won it which was in the yeare 870. After this victorie the Biscaines chose D. Suria for their Lord as well for that he was sonne in law to their last Earle and gouernour Zeno by his daughter notwithstanding we doe not read that he had any children as for the valour and good conduct they had seene in him in this warre This D. Suria did presently after marie the daughter of D. Sancho Estiguis in whose right he got the Seigniorie of Durando which was vnited vnto Biscaie whose posteritie did enjoy those lands vntill the time of D. Henrie the second of that name king of Castille and Leon. The linage of D. Suria was called de Haro Castille the old had also an Earle called D. Diego Porcello 39 Mahumet Miralmumin of Cordoua Moores Anno 874. hauing liued some time in peace by reason of the last truce made with the Christians died in the yeare 874 leauing 54 children by his wiues whereof 34 were males and 20 females He had held the kingdome 35 yeares and his death was in the 257 yeare of the Arabians raigne Almundir sixt king of the Moores at Cordoua His sonne Almundir succeeded him who liue but two yeares hauing done nothing worthie of memorie against whom they of Cordoua rebelled notwithstanding that he offered to free them of the tenth part of their tribute which they paid He left six sonnes and seuen daughters Such was the estate of Spaine in the time of king D. Alphonso who had to wife a Ladie of the bloud royall of France called Ameline Ouiedo but they changed her name to D. Ximena by whom he had foure sonnes D. Garcia D. Ordogno D. Fruela who raigned and D. Gonsalo the Archdeacon This king in his later dayes gaue himselfe wholly to workes of pietie building of churches and monasteries indowing them with rents and great reuenewes and adorning them with iewels vessels of gold and siluer and precious ornaments according to the ceremonies brought in and maintained in the Church In the yeare 877 the church of S. Iaques was consecrated at the instance of this king and by the authoritie of Pope Iohn the eighth where many Bishops were present And it is to be noted that in those dayes the citie of Ouiedo was full of Bishops without any flockes for they did chuse Bishops of townes that were in the Moores possession keeping an account of their succssion Ouiedo the towne of Bishops all which did liue in Ouiedo and therfore it was called the
at this day there is not so poore a woman in the kingdome of Nauarre nor any other person although he be ignorant of the name of other kings which knowes not that of D. Sancho Abarca all which speake and make an honourable mention of him as of a wise and vertuous Prince He did enlarge the limits of Nauarre The worthie memorie of D. Sancho Abarca conquering much on euerie side from the Moores euen along the riuer of Ebro whereof a castle neere vnto Sarragosse doth beare witnesse which carries his name vnto this day There are many other markes found of him in Spaine the castle of Ses and that of Arrasate since called Mondragon in Guipuscoa but ruined at this day are his workes They hold that he did people the towne of Logrogno in Rioje and walled it about There is ample mention made of him in a Charter of priuiledge and donation of the places of S. Vincent and Ledena to the Monasterie of S. Saluator de Leyre dated in the yeare 919 whereby many things which are written doubtfully of this king are made plaine and confirmed among others it appeares thereby that he was sonne to D. Garcia Inigues brother to D. Fortun and husband to D. Toda About this time king D. Ramir desirous to enlarge his kingdome Leon. and to diminish the power of the Moores in Spaine led a mightie armie into the countrey of Toledo so as in the yeare 923 he besieged Talauera An. 923. called at this present La Roina and as the Moores came to succour it he gaue them battaile where he slew twelue thousand and tooke seuen thousand prisoners This was the last exploit of warre which this king did A little before he had married his sonne D. Ordogno to D. Vrraca Moores defeated daughter to the Earle of Castille D. Fernand Gonsales and by this marriage he confirmed a peace and renewed the accords made with the Castillans The rest of his dayes which were but short he imployed in religious works according to those times and as he was persuaded by the Pastors and Bishops This king caused the Monasterie of S. Sauueur of Leon to be built The religious deeds of D. Ramir of Leon. there to lodge his daughter D. Elurra Moreouer he founded a Monasterie to S. Andrew one of S. Christopher vpon the riuer Cea one of the virgin Marie vpon Duero one of S. Michel called Destriana in the valley of Orne in which things he was diligent and prodigall and alwaies assisted by D. Theresa the queene his wife He died in the yeare 924 of his naturall death at Leon An. 924. where he was buried in S. Sauueurs Church 6 In this kings raigne Cattelogne Cont Geoffrey the hairie died at Barcelone hauing enjoyed the Principalitie of Cattelogne since the renounciation made vnto him of those lands in proprietie by Charles the Grosse Emperour and King of France thirtie yeares and lyes at S. Pablo After him his sonne D. Mir was Earle in the yeare 914 of whom we read no memorable thing He married somewhat late D. Mir Earle of Barcelone and begatt three children the first was called D. Seniofrid who was Earle of Barcelone after his father the second D. Oliban he was surnamed Cheurette by reason of a bodily infirmitie whereunto he was subject for when he would speake he must of force scrape the earth before he could pronounce a word he had such an impediment in his speech he had for his portion the Countie of Cerdagne and Besalu after the decease of his father The third called D. Mir was Earle and Bishop of Girone All his children were young at the decease of the Earle their father who made D. Seniofrid Earle of Vrgel his brother executor to order his childrens portions he ruled Cattelogne fifteene yeares and lyes in the Monasterie of Ripol D. Ordogno the third and 18 King of Leon. 7 TO D. Ramir of Leon succeeded D. Ordogno his second sonne Leon. in the yeare 924 but the titles and letters of Monasteries and Churches of Spaine as of S. Iaques of Compostella of S. Emylian of Cogolla of S. Felix of Oca of priuiledges donations and confirmations graunted vnto them by king D. Ramir and other noblemen of his time shew that he was yet liuing in the yeare 934 but there is little certaintie in the computation of these kings raignes nor in the charters which are produced by men of our time This Prince D. Ordogno is commended by the Spaniards to haue beene mild and courteous so as he was greatly beloued of his subjects He had some crosses in the beginning of his raigne Flatterers make D. Sancho rebell against the king his brother by the flatterers and corrupters of young Princes an ordinarie plague in Courts who debaucht his younger brother D. Sancho and persuaded him to rebell against him who fled into Nauarre to be assisted with the forces of that kingdome to execute his designe D. Garcia Sanches fourth of that name and tenth King of Nauarre 8 THere are some errors which are remarkable in this place in stories Nauarre that is who raigned at that time in Nauarre for some hold that the young Prince D. Sancho had recourse vnto king D. Sancho Abarca his grandfather by the mothers side others say it was to his sonne Garcia Sanches the which is more probable the most diligent Authors affirming that the king D. Sancho Abarca died during the raigne of D. Ramir father to this king D. Ordogno about the yeare 920 hauing raigned twentie yeares or little lesse ouer his subjects and valiantly repulsed the Infidell Moores gouerning in Alaua and elsewhere in his confines to whom his sonne D. Garcia Sanches succeeded in the realme of Nauarre and Countie of Arragon Wherefore without all doubt Prince D. Sancho brother to D. Ordogno of Leon had recourse vnto him and by his meanes was also fauoured by Cont D. Fernand of Castille the warres being pacified betwixt the Castillans and the Nauarrois of which nations hauing raised a great armie these three Princes entred the territories of king D. Ordogno and marcht as farre as the royall citie of Leon but king D. Ordogno had so wisely prouided for his affaires as they were forced to returne and to abandon their enterprise reaping nothing for their paine but the hatred of the king of Leon the which did so incense him D. Ordogno king of Leon puts away his wife D. Vrraca as he put away his wife D. Vrraca daughter to the Earle D. Fernand Gonsales and married a Ladie called D. Eluira by whom he had a sonne called D. Bermond which came to the Crowne of Leon. By reason of these troubles the Gallegos or they of Gallicia rebelled against king D. Ordogno but he soone reduced them to their obedience by armes and being encouraged by this happie successe he entred into the Moores countrey and passed the riuers of Duero and Minio wasting the countrey with fire and
neuer seene any cause to suspect his wife of any dishonestie neither would he lightly belieue that which his sonne had said but examining this businesse carefully he sought by all means to discouer the truth yet he caused the Queene to be put in prison in the castle of Nagera then taking D. Fernand his second sonne apart he examined him vpon this fact who answered the king doubtfully the which increased his suspition more than before wherefore the king called an assemblie of noblemen and of his Councell to whom he propounded this pitifull case demanding their aduice They answered that the Queene must purge her selfe by contrary proofes according vnto the Lawes or according to the custome which was then in vse shee should finde a knight to defend her cause by armes else she must suffer the punishment due to such an offence which was to be burnt The poore Ladie attending this sentence made her continuall prayers vnto God to make her innocencie knowne who heard her prayers for after some daies no man daring to present himselfe to defend this princesse honor The vertue of D. Ramir the bastard condemning the lawfull children of Nauarre D. Ramir the kings bastard son offred himselfe to enter combate for the Queene against any that would maintaine the accusation which was layed against her As they prepared themselues to the combat there was a religious man of good fame and much respected in Nauarre who doubting of this fraude or otherwise aduertised by the prouidence of God came vnto D. Garcia and D. Fernand the kings sons whom he persuaded with such liuelie reasons as they were toucht in conscience and began to apprehend the foulenesse of their offence to haue sought her death who was the cause of their being against all truth and for a matter of so small moment wherefore casting themselues at this holy mans feet they confest their fault demanding pardon of God and intreating him to finde some meanes that this pursute might cease Queene of Nauares innocenciâ— iustified the Queenes innocencie knowne and that they might be restored to the kings fauour The religious man hauing comforted them went vnto the king to whom he declared what he had done and what he vnderstood from his sonnes intreating him to pardon their offence whom youth and choler had thus transported The king being joyfull of the innocencie of his wife deliuered her out of prison and meaning that the fauour which they pretended to recouer should depend wholly of their mother Affection of a mother he sent them vnto her but she shewing her selfe a true mother did forget the cause she had to dislike her ill aduised sonnes and pardoning them with a motherlie affection shee restored them to the kings fauour In this action D. Ramir shewed himselfe both vertuous and valiant wherein hee purchased the more honour by this circumstance That hee being sonne of an other woman would defend the reputation of his mother in law against her owne children in recompence whereof the king D. Sancho assigning portions for his children in his life time gaue after his death the Earledome of Arragon to D. Ramir with the title of king By this diuision of portions made by the king D. Sancho and D. Nugna D. Fernand was also graced with a royall title in the succession of Castille which fell vnto her by the violent death of her brother D. Garcia as we will shew Nauarre remayning to D. Garcia the elder brother and the ancient realme of Sobrarbre to D. Gonsalo meaning to honour all his children with the names and titles of Kings which was the cause of great diuisions among these brethren which haply had ceased if one of them had beene made soueraigne King ouer the rest the which had maintained the Christians estate in Spaine better vnited and of more force to repulse the Moores The time of this action of adulterie is vncertaine The king D. Sancho was a very deuout and religious Prince Religious deeds of D. Sancho the great after the manner of those times for besides the confirmation of gifts which he and his wife gaue to S. Emylian of the towne of Ventose annexed to this place by D. Garcia his father and others he made a vow to giue vnto the Coueat of S. Saluator of Leyre the tenth of bread and wine and the herbage of such places as he should take from the Moores and with this hope in the yeare 1015 he raised an armie to inuade the Infidels by the frontier of Funes at which place of Funes he gaue to the same Monasterie a field of Vines which he had of the inhabitants for that he had slaine tenne Moores in the time of peace for the which they ought a thousand solz for a fine which were so many crownes or thereabouts More in Falses he gaue a possession house vine and other appurtenances and in Nagera the houses vines and fields of king Antrayo but what he was we haue no certaine knowledge These things he gaue to the Church of S. Saluator of Leyre It is not knowne what was the successe of D. Sanchoes warre against the Moores but that by conjecture it was good for that in that time there is a confirmation made by him of nobilitie and exemptions graunted by his predecessors to the inhabitants of Roncal The zeale of this religious Prince was such Councels in Nauarre as he called a Councell at S. Saluator de Leyre in the yeare 1022 but the chiefe decree was a confirmation of priuiledges graunted to this Monasterie by his grandfather D. Sancho and D. Vrraca his grandmother and D. Garcia and D. Ximena his father and mother which confirmation was signed by the king and all his children The yeare after 1023 An. 1023. there was another Councell held in Pampelone where the Bishoprick was transferred to S. Saluator of Leyre where it continued some time There enquirie was made of the auncient limits of the jurisdiction of the Bishopricke of Pampelone This was the subject of Councels in those dayes Then was D. Sancho the elder who had beene schoolemaster to the king Bishop of Pampelone and Abbot of S. Saluator but he could not see this alteration for that he died this yeare but his successor carrying the same name surnamed the younger saw it in the yeare 1026 being the seuenth Bishop of that Church being vncertaine to what Archbishop it was then subject In our time it is to that of Sarragosse This yeare 1026 was borne that great captaine Castille a Castillan called Roderigo Dias of Biuar who was afterwards called Cid Ruy Dias the Camper of whom mention shall be made In the yeare 1028 they hold and it is verified by titles and auncient records That D. Sancho Garcia Earle of Castille died An. 1028. hauing ruled nine and thirtie yeares and was buried in the Monasterie of S. Saluator of Ogna founded by him He was an vnfortunate Prince in his house by reason of the
of Nauarre at this daie but the chiefe acts of religion done by him and other Princes in his time were to indow churches for the Monasteries Colledges and Bishoprickes of Spaine haue thousands of preuiledges donations and exemptions granted vnto them There is mention made of a councell assembled in the towne of Parcelone at the pursute of D. Raymond Berenger Cattelogne the elder and at the request of D. Almodia his wife whereas Cardinal Hugnes Legatto Pope Alexander the second or Gregory the seuenth did praecede for the certaine time is not set down but it is only said that it was celebrated about the yeere 1071. Acouncel at Barcelone there it was decreed that Clergy men should liue chastly for that as the History saies many of them were married according to the introduction of King Vitiza the Goth and after the example of the Arragonois the seruice of the Musarabes was left and the Romaine of Saint Gregory receiued in Cattalogne In the same councel they treated of secular affaires as of the gouernment of the country of Cattelogne of the Earles house of the Estate of the Nobles of their names and titles distinguished by this Earle into Viconts Barons and Vauasseurs and such like During the assembly of this councel D. Pedro Raymond The Countesse Almodie of Barcelone poysoned by her sonne in law eldest sonne vnto the Earle D. Raymond Berenger poisoned D. Almodia his mother in law fearing that shee should labour to depriue him of his fathers succession to aduance her owne children wherevpon hee was iustly disinherited thus the wicked reaped what hee feared In the same country died D. Armingol Earle of Vrgel in the yeere of our Lord 1075. to whom his sonne succeeded carrying the same name and the yeere following 1076. died the Earle D. Raymond Berenger the elder hauing gouerned in the county of Barcellone longer then any of his Predecessors that is one and fortie yeeres Hee diuided his Earledome betwixt his two sonnes D. Raymond Berenger and D. Berenger Raymond to the great hindrance of the commonweale giuing moreouer vnto D. Raymond Berenger the Earldome of Carcassone By this Earle D. Raymond the customary lawes were ordained taken out of the volume of the old Gothique lawes amended and reformed 8. Arabians The diuisions of the Moores in Spaine aboue mentioned doe admonish vs to speake some thing of the turbulent Estate of the Arabians in the East and in like manner of them of Maroc which was the cause of a great alteration in Spaine Returning then to the Caliphe Maruan Seditioâ—s reuoltes and vsurpations among the Arabian Princes who was in armes against Salin the sonne of Asmulin who had seized vpon the Regions of Persia and Syria wee say that by the defeat of Maruan and his death Egipt was also conquered by Salin so as all that which the Arabians held in the East did obey Asmulin and Cataban his companion and councellor They beeing dead Abubalan surnamed Muamat was Caliphe of Persia and Syria and Salin the sonne of Asmulin kept Egypt to himselfe and gaue the beginning to a soueraigne seat in that country the which hee established at Caire causing himselfe to bee called Caliphe Against Abubalan did rise many enemies in Syria and Arabia of the faction of Maruan whom they did beleeue was yet liuing so as there died great numbers of that nation in diuers incounters After the death of Abubalan his brother Abdala succeeded in the Easterne Empire of Sarrazins or Arabians but an other of the same name aspiring to that dignity slue him and held the throne about the yeere 756. at which time there were great troups of Turkes beganne to disperse themselues ouer all Armenia the which did ouerrunne and spoile the Sarrazins country who incountred them in diuers sharpe and bloudie battailes After this Abdala who raigned about some twentie yeeres his sonne Madi Amadi was Caliphe who held the Royall seate nine yeeres and Moyse his sonne succeeded him who liued but two yeeres and left the place and dignitie to Aaron Caliphe who they write was very iust and charitable to Christians and had sought the friendship of Charles the Great King of France of Alphonso the Chast raigning in Spaine and of other Christian Princes of his time to whom hee sent Ambassadors and presents and they to him Hauing raigned three and twenty yeers he left after his death the dignity of Caliphe in question betwixt his two children Muamat and Abdala who after great effusion of bloud agreed to raigne with equall title and authority Muamat transported the seat of his Empire to Bagadat a towne built by him neere vnto old Babylon and would reside no more at Damas. At that time the Empire of the Arrabians and Sarrazins was diuided into foure great Potentats Foure great Potentats of Mahumets sect in Asia and Affrike wherof that of the East and of Bagadat retained the title of Caliphe which signifies King or ruler That of Egipt called himselfe Sultan which is as much to say as Emperour At Cairon a great and mighty towne built within the country of Affricke in the time of Oxmen some fiue and twenty leagues distant from Tunis raigned an other Caliphe and at Maroc which Estate was come to them of the family of Aben Alabeci raigned a Miralmumin from which great Potentats did afterwards grow the Kingdomes of Fez Alger Tunes and others After Mahumad raigned Imprael who left the Empire of the East to his sonne Mamum who held it with great reputation but after him the Sarrazins power began to decline in the East by their continuall seditions and ciuill dissentions whereby the Turkes had meanes to settle a Monarchie the which beganne about the yeere of Christ one thousand being called by Mahumet Prince or Gouernor of Persia who made warre against the Caliphe of Bagadat in which they serued him but falling afterwards to quarrel with him they defeated him and seized vpon Persia where they did choose for their first King their General Tangrolipix and sence partly by force and and partly by an accord they dele so with the Sarrazins as their power declyning the name and Empire of the Turkes hath continued to firme and mighty vnto our daies The Miralmumins of Maroc being farre from these tempests of the East maintained their dignity in their race and nation but not without the like furies and inraged appetites of rule so as hauing beene held many yeeres by them of the linage of Aben Alabeci they were set vpon and subdued by an other race of Princes Moores called Almorauides whereof Ioseph Aben-Tefin was the chiefe who made himselfe Monarke in Affrike ouer all the Kings and Potentats which did raigne there about the yeere 1068. and extended his power into Spaine as we will shew D. Alphonso the sixth of that name the third King of Castille and fiue and twentith of Leon. 9. D. Sancho Fernandes Castille and Leon. King of Castille being slaine as we
the countrie and carried away great spoiles and bending towards the territorie of Denia they did as much as they had done in Arragon and moreouer Cid began to build a fort in the territorie of Morella called Alcala to hinder which fortification Aben-Alfaye demanded succors from the king of Arragon who came with a great army but the king of Arragon lost a battell and according to the opinion of fome was himselfe taken there but the Histories of Arragon do not confesse it After which exploites Cid Ruis Diaz returned into Castile where as D. Alphonso the king receiued him gratiously Cid Ruis Diaz returnes into Castile and gaue him Birbiesca Berlanga Aâ—zejon and other places and employed him in the conquest of Toledo which hee went to beseege soone after for some reasons which follow 13 King Hizien beeing dead Castile and Moores within thâ— yeare that hee began to raigne a good Prince who had sincerely intertained the allyance and league contracted by his father Almenon with the king D. Alphonso Hiaja Alcadurbile came to raigne at Toledo a trecherous cruell and vicious man so as he was equally hated of the Moores and Musarabes who cryed out for aide to the king of Castile and other kings against this barbarous tyrant beeing forced thereunto by his basnesse and for that they did see themselues abandoned of the Captaines and Noblemen which had serued his father and brother for beeing exceedingly giuen to lust he shut himselfe vp in his pallace with his concubines where he had no other thoughts but to glut his filthie and dishonest pleasures Wherefore Abubacar Gouernor of Valencia rebelled and kept the gouernement for himselfe The Moores sollicited the king of Badajos to take vpon him to dispossesse Hiaja Rebellions of Toledo draw the king of Castile to beseege the citty and the Christian Musarabes made the like offer to D. Alphonso king of Castile The king of Badajos meaning to preuent him entred first into Toledo in despight of king Hiaja whilest that the armie of Castile was preparing which D. Alphonso vnderstanding he was incensed and entring in hostill manner into the territorie of Toledo he spoyled the countrie which made the king of Badajos for that hee would not remaine betwixt two enemies to leaue Hiaja in his kingdome and to returne home D. Alphonso left not for all this to pursue this good occasion but went to beseege Toledo not streightly but spoyling the country and cutting off their victuals thereby to force the Inhabitants to yeeld through famin the which it seemes he had resolued with himselfe long before to execute when time should serue D. Alphonso's armie holding the fields in this manner about Toledo Aben-Alfaye king of Denia came suddenly vppon him yet ioyning his forces together as speedily as he could there was a battell fought about Consuegra where the Moore was defeated and forced to retire into the castell of Consuegra Moores twise defâ—ated In this battaile D. Roderigues de Biuar sonne to Cid was slaine whose bodie was buried at S. Peter of Cardegna Aben-Alfaye desirous to reuenge this losse leuied all the Moores he could and inuaded the Christians countrie passing the mountaines towards Medina del campo where they were againe incountred and defeated by Aluaro Ianes de Mimaya cousin to Cid whilest that the King D. Alphonso did ouer-runne the territories of Toledo whereas Hiaja Alcadurbile the King kept himselfe strong continuing notwithstanding in his filthie and dishonest life and in his cruelties whereby he made himselfe odious to all his subiects as well of his sect as Christians Musarabes so as they told him plainly that if he tooke no order for the necessities which prest them they would prouide for themselues This mad-man made no account of all these things wherefore the Musarabes did solicit D. Alphonso more then before to approach neere the Towne and to beseege it close This seege seemed exceeding difficult as well for the greatnesse of the cittie which was better peopled then any one in Spaine as also for the naturall strength of the situation and the rampars and fortifications made about it by art So as to attempt a thing of so great labour and such consequence D. Alphonso drew out of his countries all that were fit to beare armies and not content therewith he had the forces of all his other neighbour-friends and allies of Spaine namely of D. Sancho Ramires king of Nauarre and Arragon D. Sancho king of Arragon at the seâ—ge of Toledo as vassall to him of Castile who was there as his vassall for the Realme of Nauarre and besides there came vnto him many Noblemen of France Germany and Italy mooued with religion and hoping to winne Paradise in helping to subdue so great a fort held by the Mahumetists in Spaine Thus this great citty was beseeged and battered with all violence according to the manner of those times on the side of Vega there were seene many valiant exploites of armes on either side the Moores making diuers furious sallyes vpon the Christians seconded oftentimes by troupes of strange Moores which arriued on the sudden and greatly employed themselues for the preseruation of that cittie knowing that the losse thereof would be the ruine of the Moores estate in Spain On the other side the Christians of diuers nations there assembled mooued with diuers passions some with religion some with desire to winne honor some with an inueterate hatred against the Moores but most part fighting resolutely for spoyle forgetting nothing which art iudgement and valour do giue to resolute men Opinions are diuers touching the length of this seege it is most certaine that the spoyling of all that countrie continued some yeares which the Christian armies did continually ouer-runne hindring the tillage and cutting off the victuals which came from other places but being once streight ly beseeged Toledo yeelded to king D. Alphonso the 6. the warre continued not many weekes for the beseeged wanting victualles and pressed with hunger without hope of any succors by reason of the great forces which did beseege them they yeelded vnto the King D. Alphonso vpon these conditions 1 That he should repaire the ruines of the castell The conditions ports and bridges of the cittie with the Kings gardens which are vpon the riuer of Tayo and neare vnto the cittie 2 That king Hiaya Alcadurbile might retire freely into the citty of Valencia or where he pleased and that king D. Alphonso should aide him to recouer it and that hee might conduct with him what number of Moores he pleased 3 The Moores which would remaine in Toledo should be maintained in the same priuiledges exemptions and liberties that they were vnder their Kings Moores and not be charged with taxes and impositions more then of custome 4 That the great Mesquite of the cittie of Toledo which at this present is the principall church should remaine for the sayd Moores These conditions granted and sworne by the king D. Alphonso
Vrbain granted it to all Kings Princes Noblemen and gentlemen not onely in places of their foundations but in all other places yea in those countries which they should conquer from the Moores whereof the Noble houses of Spaine as well as in other places haue made their profit yea in high Nauarre and Biscay All these permisions and faculties to enioy as they cal them the spirituall goods of the church the Pope granted to incourage men to make warre against the Infidels not so much for to make them desirous to become Christians as to stay them and repulse them fearing they should come and trouble the commodities of the Romane church which were great in those daies and since D. Alphonso the Braue Castille Emperor of Spaine as hee is intitled in the instrumental letters giuing about that time faculty to the Abbot Fortun to build a towne about the Monastery of Saint Dominike of Silos Beginning of the towne of Saint Dominike of Silos for the great wonders which Christ did vnto the Christians which implored the aide of this Saint such be the words of the letters cited by Garibay in the yeere 1095. This towne in our time is come into the possession of the Duke of Frias Constable of Castille The same King re-edefied nere vnto Toledo and to the castle of Saint Seruant the monastery of Saint Seruant and Saint Germain of the order of Saint Benet which had bin a house belonging to the same order indowed it with great reuenues The name of the Bishop of S. Iames called vntil that time Irienses was changed they were called of Compostella by Buls from Pope Vrbain the 2. The first Bishop which caried this title Bishop of Saint Iaques exempt from all subiection but of the Pope was Dalmichius a religious man of the order of Clugny it was also granted to that church that from thence-forth they should bee no more vnder the Archbishop of Braga as that of Iria had bin but should immediatly acknowledge the holy Apostolike Sea of Rome The Episcopal seat of Oca was changed by the same Pope Vrbain to Bourgos Bourgos made a Bishâ—prike the chiefe city of Castille with the same preuiledge and exemption not to acknowledge any but the Sea of Rome immediatly yet some say it had bin done long before and that it was only a confirmation which Pope Vrbain the 2. made D. Pedro King of Nauar did for his part giue bountifully vnto churches The writers of the Spanish history make mention of a holy man called Lesmes a Frenchman borne dwelling at Bourgos but they make no particular relation of his Holinesse Nauarre The country of Nauarre being spoiled by grashopers and caterpillers the Nauarrois had recourse to the holy father at Rome bewayling their calamities and intreating him to be a means to pacefie the wrath of God The Pope by the aduice of the Consistory of Cardinals sent the Bishop of Ostia called Gregory who let them vnderstand that it was for their sins the which it may bee D. Pedro de Roda bishop of Pampelone and their other pastors had not told them or else could not perswade them that it was the cause of their affliction This Bishop of Ostia was beleeued and therefore after some amendment amongst the people of Nauarre this scourge of gras-hoppers and caterpillers ceased Herevpon this Gregory of Ostia was held a Saint by them and is at this day the patron and protector of Vignes and fruites Gregory Bishop of Ostia made the Protâ—ctor of vâ—gnes and fruits in Spaine against caterpillers and other such vermine in Spaine Saint Dominike called de la Calçada was his disciple who liued long in the country neere vnto Nauarre foure leagues from Nagera receiuing strang pilgrimes which came from diuers partes of Europe to visit the sepulcher of Saint Iames. This Saint Gregory died afterwards at Logrogno and is buried at Beruesa in Nauarre where as the history saies the Christians which recommended themselues vnto him are cured of many infirmities In the same season 1098. was instituted the order of Cisteaux in the Diocese of Chalon in Bourgongne by one named Robert This order was augmented since by Saint Bernard who entring into it about the two and twentith yeere of his age did so well as in lesse then 36. yeeres hee erected 16. Abbaies of his Order These were the exercises of religion in those daies to the which the great deuotion of Princes and people did mooue all Kingdomes States Prouinces Townes and in a manner all priuate families In the yeere 1100. Castille died D. Raymond of Bourgongne Earle of Galicia sonne in law to King D. Alphonso the Braue An. 1100. leauing one sonne by D. Vrraca his wife called D. Alphonso Raymond who was bred vp by the Earle D. Pedro Traua and came afterwards to raigne in Castille and Leon. 20. Moores The same yeere their died at Maroc Ioseph Aben-Tefin or Texifien Miralmumin or Emperor of the Arabians in Affrike and Spaine hauing raigned 32. yeeres to whom Ali Aben-Tefin his son succeeded This new King Ali desirous to win honor by armes past soon after his comming to the crowne into Spaine with a great power of Almorauides Affricans and hauing made some stay in Andalusia to ioyne the Moores of Spaine vnto his army hee entred the territory of Toledo where the King D. Alphonso made then his residence being old ful of infirmities therefore vnfit to make head against this Barbarian who was yong and full of ambition to inlarge the country conquered by his father yet hauing called his Nobility together in time if they had beene well led he commanded D. Sancho his sonne to fall forth against this army of Moores being a Prince of a great courage and too desirous to fight beeing accompanied by D. Garcia de Cabra and other Earles and Noblemen of Castille who hauing incountred the enemy nere vnto Voles Christians defeated by the Moores and D. Sarchâ— heire of Castille stâ—ine they gaue them battaile but they were defeated and put all to rout The Infant D. Sancho the Earle D. Garcia and other great personages were slaine vpon the place so as the Moores had meanes to ouer-run and spoile the country at their pleasures they tooke many places and forts which the King could not preuent nor make any resistance who was exceeding heauy and sorrowfull for the losse of this battaile but especially for the death of his sonne and onely heire Hee did much blame many captaines which had escaped that day for that they had so rashly ioyned in battaile but this was no meanes to cure the disease This route was the more vnseasonable for that his sonne in law Raymond of Tolouse and Saint Gyles a valiant Commander in the warre by whom hee might haue beene much eased was then absent in Syria where hee died a while after leauing three sonnes Bertrand William and Alphonso Iordain which were all Earles of Tolouseâ—
and had a Lieutenant called Raderigo Pelaes a wise Knight About that time died D. Roderigo Gomes sonne to Don Gomes of Candespina one of the greatest Noblemen in Castile whose Tombe is yet to be seene in the Cloyster of Saint Sauuiour of Ogna and the towne of Surâ—ta was peopled with Christians Musarabes which came out of Calatajub Sarragossa and other parts of Arragon The Earle Don Raymond Berenger sought all meanes possible to seaze vppon Nauarre Arragon so desirous he was to ioyne it vnto Arragon importuning the Emperour Don Alphonso continually to declare himselfe an open enemie to D. Sancho so as in the yeare 1156. 1156. there was a new League made betwixt them to vndertake this warre where among other Articles for the better fortifying of their friendship there was a future marriage concluded betwixt Don Raymond the young Infant of Arragon who was afterwards called Don Alphonso and D. Sancho daughter to the Emperour Don Alphonso by his second wife Dona Rica daughter to Vladislaus king of Pologne whom he had married in the yeare 1151. yet they could neuer perswade the Emperour Don Alphonso to hurt the king of Nauarre whom he loued but rather assisted him vnderhand The same League was renued at Toledo in the yeare 1157. after Don Raymonds returne out of Prouence The occasion of which voyage was to defend his Nephew heire to his Brother Don Berenerg Raymond who beeing in a manner dispossest of his Estate by the enemies of their house which had slaine his father in an incounter had need of his ayde Hee repulsed the young Earles enemies assured his Estates and brought him into Cattelogne there to bee brought vp And for that in those troubles of Prouence the Knights and Commanders of Saint Iohn of Hierusalem who were growne mercenarie in these Christian warres did intermeddle hee gaue them large reuenues in Cattelogne After the renewing of this League we find no mention of any worthie act done by this earle but that hee debaucht some faithlesse and trecherous Knights which fled out of Nauarre and Arragon yea one of the greatest called Garcia Almorauit who came vnto him to Lerida and there made himselfe his vassall and receiued from the Earle the title of Lord of Ronceuaux Vrros and Obanos which were not in his power wherefore it is to be presumed that from that time hee sought to gouerne his Estates peaceably seeing he could not get the Crowne of Nauarre and with this desire he ended his dayes after all his vaine attempts against this Kingdome Soone after this last assembly at Toledo the king of Castile was ingaged in warre against the Moores of Andalusia which made him perchance neglect that of Nauarre besides He did not greatly affect it 19 The troubles of Affricke beeing past as we haue sayd Moores Abdelmon established Miralmumin of the Arabians and the Almohades in credit by the ruine of the Almorauides The Preacher Almohadi would also haue the Moores of Spaine submit themselues to this yoake wherefore leauing Aben Thumert the Astrologian at Maroc hee past with Abdelmon into Spaine with great numbers of souldiers beeing puft vp with pride by their late victorie against their enemies They found no great resistance there for the pettie Kings and Gouernors of Prouinces and townes in Spaine beeing prest by the Christians and too weake to make head against them seeing the race of the Almorauides of Affricke extinct from whom they might haue expected some succors they sought nothing more then support to maintaine themselues in their authoritie and greatnesse Change of Religion among the Arabians in Spaine which is most commonly the chiefe god of great men of this world and therefore as men which regarded not Religion but for a colour and for their owne priuate commodities so as leauing the interpretation of the Alcaron they embraced the new doctrine of Almohadi without any opposition thinking to preserue themselues by that meanes And as this Impostor did vomit foorth greater blasphemies and impieties then his Predecessors had done against the true Religion they became violent and furious persecutors of the Christians so as the poore Musarabes who had had some peace of conscience liuing among the Moores and had there exercised their religion without any violence done vnto them for many yeares were in great perplexitie beeing now persecuted by these new Sectaries of Almohadi both in their persons and goods with all kind of rigor for that they would not yeeld to their superstitions so as either by the reuolts or by death or by the continuall flying away of these poore people all the townes of Spaine which were held by the Moores were vnpeopled of Christians Chrisâ—ians persecuted by the Moâ—â—es in Spaine who for aboue 400. yeares had preserued themselues inuoking though with little knowledge the name of Iesus Christ. The gouernement of the Almohades in Spaine continued in Abdelmon and his successors 52. yeares vntill that notable battle in the fields of Tholousa called by another name of the mountaines of Muradal or of Vbeda Abdelmon hauing aspired to that which he pretended held his royall seate in the cittie of Maroc and shewed himself a profitable Prince and pleasing to the Mores notwithstanding that he was a Potters sonne and for his chiefe Councellors the Astrologian Aben Thumert and the Preacher Almohadi who dying within few months after this conquest was by the commandement of King Abdelmon buried with pompe and royall honours in a sumptuous Tombe neare vnto the cittie of Maroc whereas since the foolish multitude holding him to be some great Prophet and a messenger of God made prayers and vowes in all their necessities as amongst the Christians they had recourse vpon all occasions to the sepulchers either true or fained of Apostles holy Confessors and Marryrs of the name of Iesus Christ. This passage of the Almohades bred a great alteration in Spaine whereas many Moores which held their countries in fee and homage of Christian Princes reuolted The Emperour D. Alphonso led first an armie of Christians against this new Estate Castile Death of the Emperor D. Alphonso in the yeare 1157. beeing accompanied by his two sons D. Sancho and D. Fernand who had the titles of Kings in Andalusia he recouered the towne of Baeça which had beene lost and tooke Quesada and Andujar But he did not long enioy this victorie with his subiects for bringing backe his armie towards Toledo hee fell suddenly sicke the which as he past the mountaine or streight of Muradal did so increase as hee was forced to light at a place called Fresnedas where he dyed in the armes of D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo and of his sonne D. Fernand D. Sancho remayning behind to guard those places which he had newly conquered Hee was a worthie Prince but too ambitious a great fauourer and benefactor of the Clergie a friend to the people and a seuere punisher of the insolencies of great men of whom the Spaniards write this
did also build the Monasterie of Saint Dominike at Porto the church of Saint Peter the Monasterie of Leza of the Order of S. Iohn a League from the same cittie and Saint Mary d Aquas Santas Saint Saluator of Goandara Saint Peter de Retes Saint Mary de Gojos and about Guymaranes the Monasterie of Acosta with many others to the number as they say of an 150. if they fayle not in their account And for a testimonie of great charitie they say that these good Princes left a rent to the barke of Mexanfrio vpon the riuer of Duero to the end they should passe euery one without any fee. Whilest they busied themselues about these workes of pietie Aben-Iacob great Miralmumin of the Arabians being aduertised of the routs and ruine of his sectaries in Spain past the streight in person with great forces of the Almohades Affricanes where hauing ioyned with the Moores of Spaine hee went to beseege Saint Iren into the which Don Sancho the Infant of Portugall had put himselfe beginning to make his Engines ready to batter it where the beseeged were likely to be in great danger but the good old man Don Alphonso Henriques would not let the Infidels glorie in that they had done him this affront in his old age but hauing put his men in order and being resolute hee ledde them to succor his sonne who had intelligence of the Portugall armie the which being fauoured by a furious salley which the beseeged made charged the Moores armie with such resolution as they put them to flight with great slaughter of their best men and the losse of their king Aben Iacob who being mortally wounded in the charge by a Portugal dyed at the passage of the riuer of Tayo 1184. This battell was wonne in the yeare 1184. on S. Iohn Baptists day fiue dayes after the Moores had begun the seege Aben Ioseph his brother succeeded this Moore and was the third King of the Almohades 20 After this famous victorie Portugal these Princes father and son came to Coimbra which was at that time the chiefe towne of the Realme of Portugal and from thence to Porto where the marriage of D. Theresa Infanta of Portugall was concluded with Philip Earle of Flanders Beeing returned to Coimbra D. Alphonso Henriques fell sicke whereof hee dyed being 91. yeares old hauing raigned with the title of a King about 46. yeares and had succeeeded in his fathers Estates and held them 73. D. Sancho the 2. King of Porâ—tugal first of that name yeare His body was interred in the Monasterie of S. Croix of Coimbra D. Sancho his sonne was king after him in Portugall surnamed the Builder of townes 21 D. Fernand King of Leon Leon. Fernand King of Leon puts away his wife had a little before his death put away D. Vrraca his daughter by reason of proximitie of bloud their marriage beeing made without a dispensation from the Pope who beeing as they write wonderfully prest by the King to giue them leaue to remaine together would neuer yeeld vnto it notwithstanding that of her was borne D. Alphonso who succeeded his father in the Realmes of Leon and Gallicia they were cousins in the third degree D. Fernand married afterwards with the daughter of the Earle Don Nugno who liued little with him then he tooke to his third wife D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to the Earle D. Lopes and sister to Don Diego Lopes de Haro with whom he continued not long for hee died in the towne of Benauent in the yeare 1188. hauing had two sonnes by her called D. Sancho Fernandes and D. Garcia His bodie was interred at Compostella in Saint Iames church where as his mother D. Berenguela the Empresse did lye D. Alphonso the 9. of that name the 27. King of Leon. 22 AT the time of his death it seemed there remayned no cause of quarrell betwixt Leon and Castile which was not decided and ended D. Alphonso King of Leon. His sonne D. Alphonso beeing troubled with continuall stormes and quarrels by his mother-in-law D. Vrraca Lopes was retired into Portugall so as at the time of his fathers death he was absent but being aduertised thereof he came presently to Leon where he was receiued and crowned king without any contradiction The King of Castiles Councellors were of opinion that by the death of D. Fernand their Prince had a good oportunitie offered to bee reuenged of the wrongs which were done him during his nonage If he had then any desire of reuenge the future euents will shew D. Alphonso surnamed the Noble raigning then in Castille Castile was numbred for the 4. of that name Ginealogie of Castile of those that raigned alone in Castille whose posteritie was very great for he had eleuen children by Queene Elenor daughter of England the eldest was Queene Blanche mother to the king S. Lewis of France the second D. Berenguela who was queene of Leon daughter to D. Alphonso the ninth The 3. was a sonne named D. Sancho who died in his Infancie the 4. was D. Vrraca Queene of Portugall married to D. Alphonso the second of that name surnamed the Grosse the 5. child was Don Fernand who died also yong the sixt was D. Malfada dead in Salamanca and was not married the 7. D. Constance Abbesse of las Huelgas de Burgos a Monasterie built by her father Then had D. Alphonsa and D. Elenora two daughters who died young and successiuely the Queene was deliuered of another daughter called also Elenor like her selfe who was wife to Don Iayme or Iames first King of that Name and the eighth King of Arragon In the end they had the infant Don Henry who succeded his father in the realmes of Castile and Toledo These were the children which issued of that marriage The other Don Alphonso being crowned King of Leon Leon. his mother-in-law retired into Nagera where she liued long in her widdow-hood and beeing dead was buried in the Monasterie of Saint Mary the royall in the chappell of the true Crosse whereas afterwards others of her house were interred and three of her brethren Don Lopes Diaz D. Martin Lopes and Don Diego Lopes de Haro The new king of Leon stayed not long after his Coronation before he came to the court of Castile beeing at Carrion where they say that King Don Alphonso the Noble his cousin made him knight as he did also Conrad the fourth sonne to the Emperor Fredericke Barbarossa to honour whom the Spaniards write that he would haue giuen him the Infanta Donna Berenguela his daughter but she would not go into Germany others say that the marriage was made and accomplished but Conrad beeing departed to returne into Germaine whither he was called to be Duke of Suabe Donna Berenguela desired to be diuorced the which was done by the meanes of Don Gonçalo Arch-bishop of Toledo and Cardinal Gregorie the Popes Legate and was afterwards married to D. Alphonso King of Leon cousin germaine to
the other This was the practise of those kings when they had a desire to change their wiues either for their pleasures or for some other aduancements the Pope interposing himselfe dispencing binding or dissoluing at his will and pleasure by the authoritie of the Romish Sea The second daughter of D. Sancho king of Portugal and of D. Aldoncia was Donna Malfada Queene of Castile a Lady of rare beauty whom D. Henry of Castile married but Pope Innocent the 3. dissolued this marriage within few daies by the solicitation of D. Berenguela sister to this king of Castile who in disdaine that Don Aluaro de Lara had concluded it without her priuitie informed the Pope of their neere allyance that was betwixt them and perswaded him to separate them but this Princesse being thus reiected retired in great disdaine into Portugal where she liued the rest of her daies in the Monasterie of Ronca built by her The third daughter was Donna Sancha a Nunne in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Alanguer built by her The fourth Donna Blanche Lady of Guadalacaria in Castile and the fifth and last was D. Berenguela who was not maried but did accompany her eldest sister Donna Theresa when as she retired to the Monastery of Lorban This King D. Sancho had familiarity with two Gentlewomen after the death of his wife the first was called Donna Maria Aires of Fornello by whom hee had one daughter called Donna Vrraca and D. Martin Sanches of Portugall who was Gouernor of the fronter of Portugall and a great fauourite to Don Alphonso king of Leon his brother-in-law he married Donna Olalla Peres daughter to the Earle D. Pero Fernandes de Castro Don Sancho did marrie this Gentlewoman his friend to knight called D. Gil Vasquez de Sonça and tooke a second friend whose name was Donna Maria Peres de Ribera whom he loued much and by her had Donna Theresa Sanches who was wife to Don Alphonso Tellez founder of the towne of Albuquerque and had also one sonne called D. Ruy Sancho of Portugall and another daughter Donna Constance Sanches who built the Monasterie of Saint Francis at Coimbrâ— D. Ruy Sancho was slaine in a battaile neere vnto Porto so as the king D. Sancho had in all fifteene children nine lawfull and sixe Banards whereof there were seuen sonnes and eight daughters After the decease of his father hauing raigned abour foure yeares when as they began to treat of a League against the King of Castile whereof we haue made mention certaine English and French ships beeing arriued at Lisbone with many Knights and souldiers which went to the holy Land by the Streight of Gibraltar beeing stayed there by soule weather hee made vse of this occasion and intreated these passengers to assist him at the siege of Silues in the countrie of Algarbe and about the same time there arriued eighteen other ships of war which his brother-in-law Philip Earle of Flanders sent him with which forces hee tooke Sylues and did great harme vnto the Moores of that countrie It was at that time when the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa king Philip Augustus of France and Richard king of England called Corde-Lyon made their voyage into the East that this towne of Silues was taken from the Moores by the helpe of these strangers This King Don Sancho built more townes and peopled more countries then any of the kings of Portugall whereby he purchased the name of Poblador which is as much to say as Builder or peopler of Townes Valencia of Minio Torres-nouas Monte-Maior the new Batellas Penamaçor Sortella Penella Figueira Couillana Folgacino and Montemor were his works with many other places part of the which hee gaue to the Orders of Saint Iames and Auis which began in his time in Portguall to Saint Iames hee gaue Alcacar de Sal Pamela and Almada and to that of Auis Valeillas Alcanebe Geromegna Alcantade and Alpedrin with the castell of Mafra He recouered Yelbes from the Moores which they had taken from Portugall 25 D. Alphonso king of Castille Castile against whom as wee haue sayd the other foure Christian Kings of Spaine had made a League had not yet beene much annoyed thereby in the yeare 1194. An. 1194. wherefore hee thought rather to vndertake some warre against the Moores then to defend himselfe against his neighbours of whom he made shew to haue so little feare as he would not leaue any thing which he had taken or that were in controuersie nay Fort of Nauarre betwixt Logrogno and Negera he built a towne betwixt Logrogno and Nagera the which he called Nauarret to the which he gaue many liberties and freedomes as appeares by his letters granted in an assembly at Carrion in the yeare 1095. Notwithstanding all this the Confederats did not stirre but Histories make mention that D. Sancho surnamed the Strong king of Nauarre who had newly succeeded his father Don Sancho the Wise beeing deceased the yeare before 1194. and he of Leon allyed themselues with the King of Castile for the warre which he intended against the Moores of Andalusia to beginne the which he sent for Chiefe and General of his armie D. Martin Arch-bishop of Toledo a Prelate much esteemed by the Historiographers of Spaine by reason of his great vertues honoured among others by Don Roderigo his successour who termes Don Martin Stole the Diademe of the Church his wisedome prouidence the peace of many his tongue the reformation of discipline his hands the releefe of the poore and his armes the persecution of Blasphemie with other such Spanish elegancies saying in the end that the Church was happie which had such a Pastor these are his very words This Arch-bishop finding armes the fittest meanes to propagate the faith of Christ made so furious an entry into Andalusia as he left horrible markes throughout the whole Prouince where he filled all with murther ruine fire and desolation and then returned triumphantly beeing laden with great and rich spoiles but this expedition beeing suddenly made against the Moores did afterwards bring more miserie and dishonor to the King and his Estate then it had done profit or honor vnto the Bishop who had shewed more rage and fury then valour reason or warlike discipline 26 The Arch-bishops exploit did so incense Aben Ioseph King of the Arabians Moores beeing sollicited by the Moores of Spaine as hauing with great speed leuied a mighty armie of Affricane Arabians yea out of the regions neerest vnto the Negros hee passed the Sâ—eight and came into Andalusia where he ioyned with the Moores of Spaine and marched beyond the mountaine which they call Sierra Morena against the Christians King Don Alphonso the Noble beeing aduertised of this great preparation was come to lodge at Alarcos a fort at that time by reason of the situation of great Importance whether all his vassalls and men of warre of Toledo Extremadura and Castile came where hee also attended supplies from Nauarre and Leon. The Moores
the spoile where-of was giuen to the soldiars the honor of the taking of Vbeda is giuen to D. Lope Ferencio de Luna an Arragonois as they went on stil conquering vpon this sect of Mahumetists it pleased God to stay the Christians army for it began to be ful of diseases the which in the end were contagious wherfore these kings were forced to returne with their campe and re-passing the mountaine or Sierra Morena by the same mount of Muradal they came to Calatraua where they found the Duke of Austria whose name was Thiband sonne to Leopold who beeing desirous to bee at this bartell was come into Spaine with two hundred Knights but it was too late wherfore he returned into Germany by Arragon there the Kings parted with great shewes of loue He of Arragon meaning to entertaine the peace with Don Sancho of Nauarre with all sinceritie he restored vnto him fourteene castels and places of Strength which he had taken from him The King D. Alphonso beeing come to Toledo where hee was receiued with great triumph by the Arch-bishop Don Roderigo it was ordained that from that time the memorie of that great victorie obtained against the Moores Feas of Triumphus crucis in Spaine a monument of the victorie of Muradal in the playnes of Tholousa should be euery yeare celebrated on the sixteenth day of Iuly vnder the title of Triumphus crucis the which is obserued at this day especially at Toledo whereas they hang vp and display that day in the great Church many Guidons Ensignes and Standards of the Moores which had beene taken then or others which do represent them The chiefe men which did accompany the King in this battaile were Don Roderigo Ximenes Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine Don Roderigo of Siguença D. Tello of Palença D. Mendo of Osma D. Pedro of Auila D. Domingo of Plaisance all Bishoppes with other Prelates all which did serue either for counsell or for armes D. Pedro Arias or Aua Master of the Order of Saint Iames D. Roderigo Diaz master of the Galatraua D. Gomes Ramires Prior of the Templers D. Guttiere or Iohn Gelmirido Prior of S. Iohn with many Commanders and Knights of their Orders Of Secular men D. Diego Lopes de Haro and his eldest sonne D. Lope Diaz de Haro of whom it is written that hauing some feeling for that his father had absented himselfe out of Castile after that he had fought at Estella against the king D. Alphonso and also for that the losse of the battaile of Alarcos was imputed vnto him he came and cast himselfe at his feet a little before the battel beseeching him to carry himselfe so well according to the hope which hee had of him that he might not be hereafter called the sonne of a traytor where with the father beeing incensed sayed vnto him It is more to be feared thou wilt be called the son of a whore for no man will call thee the fonne of a traytor which answer the father made vnto the sonne as the Earle D. Pedro sonne to D. Denis king of Portugal writes in his booke of the Genealogies of Spaine for that the mother of Don Lope Diaz a woman of a weake brayne beeing fallen in loue with a man of Burgos which they say had beene a blacke-smith or Lock-smith went out of Spain and wandred through the world with this man in a disguised habit With D. Diego Lopes was also D. Pero Diaz his other sonne D. Sancho Fernandes de Canamero D. Martin Nugnes de Hinojoça and Don Inigo de Mendosa kinsmen or allyed to the house of Haro moreouer the Earles D. Fernand de Lara D. Aluar Nugnes de Lara Don Gonçalo Nugnes D. Lope Diaz de los Cameros Ruy Diaz de los Camerâ—s and his brother Don Aluar Diaz Don Pedro Aria of Toledo Gonies Peres the Afturien D. Garcia Ordognes Iohn Gonçalo of Vzero D. Gonçalo Gomes D. Gomes Manriques D. Gil Manriques D. Alphonso Telles de Meneses and his brethren Fernand and Ruy Garcia D. Roderigo Peres d' Auila William Ginez D. Willyam Peâ—es and his brethren Nugno Peres de Gusman Gonçalo â—uanes of Quintana who was afterward master of the Calatraua Don Iohn Gonçales and Don Gonçalo Ruis and his brethren Don Ruy Peres of Villalobos Suero Tellez Don Fernand Garcia and many others of the Realmes of Castile and Toledo Those which accorrpanied Don Pedro king of Arragon of greatest Nobilitie were Don Garcia Frontin Bishop of Tarassone and Don Berenger elect of Barcelone with other Clergie men and of Knights Don Garcia Romeu Standard bearer royal or Arragon Don Kimen Cornel Aznar Pardo Don Willyam of Peralta Don Michel of Luezca D. Sancho Earle of Rossillon vncle to the King and Don Nugno Sanches his son Don Lope Ferrench de Luna Arnaud of Alascon or Artal of Alagon William Aguillon of Tarragona Don VVillyam of Ceruera Berenger of Petra Mola Don VVilliam of Catdona Raymond Poulcques Earle of Ampurias Don Pedro Ahones Don Roderige of Liçana Don Pedro Maça Don Artorella and Don Artal de Foees The Arch-bishop of Bourdeaux came out of France and the Bishop of Nantes from Briitanie D. Rerald Arch-bishop of Narbone and Thibaud of Blazon Bishop of Poicton issued out of Castile These were many Noblemen and valiant Knights out of Leon and Portugal Don Alphonso of king of Castile did reward the Nobilitie of his countrie with honours and liuings according to euery mans degree As for Aben Mahomad King of the Moores Almohades aster this notable losse he cared no more for the affaires of Spaine but passed sodenly into Affricke fearing that the brute of his defeate would breed some innouation in his kingdom of Maroc beeing not yet so well assured but there remayned some feeling of the Almorauides gouernement wherefore knowing how much a route or losse of a battaile may preiudice the reputation of a King with a nation that is desirous of change as the Arabians he poasted speedily into Affricke to preuent it 36 D. Sancho king of Portugall Portugal Death of Don Sancho king of Portugal whilest these things past betwixt the Christian Princes and the Moores died in his kingdome the which he had held 27. yeares beeing 58. yeares old more broken with trauell then with age a wise and well aduised Prince but much crost with aduersities notwithstanding he gathered together great treasures and therefore is somewhat taxed of couetousnesse which is the greatest cause of the ruine and dishonour of kings They write that he had at the time of his death in the castell of Lisbone and in the Monasterie of Alcabaça Saint Croix of Coimbra and other places where his treasure lay abouee 500000. Markes of gold it may be they should say Marauidis of gold and a thousand foure hundred markes in siluer coyned besides many other Iewels and yet his expence was great Drawing neere his end hee disposed thereof giuing by his testament vnto his eldest sonne 200000. Marauidis of gold and to
either of his other three children 10000. Marauidis of gold and 250. Markes of siluer to his Bastards 7000. Marauidis of gold and certaine Markes of siluer The rest he ordained shold be employed to charitable vses as to build and indow Monasteries and Hospitals to redeeme captiues and to make Chalices Crosses and such like ornaments He also ordained to haue the bridge of Coimbra and the house of Saint Ladre built neither did hee forget the Apostolike Romaine Sea for he did bequeath vnto Pope Innocent the third an hundred Markes of gold and there was not any Church in his Kingdom but tasted of his bountie He was interred in the chappell of Saint Croix of Coimbra neere vnto the Queene Donna Aldoncia his wife from whence he was afterwards remoued into the Arch of the great chappell In the same Monastery are buried D. Henry D. Sancha Donna Blanca D. Berenguela and D. Constance his children D. Alphonso the 2. of that name the third King of Portugall AFter him D. Alphonso his son held the scepter of Portugal who was then about 27. yeares old 1212. Gencalogic of Portugall and was crowned in the citty of Coimbra And for that he was big fat and vnweldie of his person they surnamed him the Grosse he was alreadie father of two children D. Sancho and D. Alphonso whereof the second married Matilda heire to the Earle of Bologne in France besides these he had by his wife D. Vrraca of Castile Don Fernand who was Lord of Serpa and married to the daughter of the Earle D. Frenand of Lara of Castile called D. Sancha Fernandes from whom issued a daughter which was Queene of Denmarke into which Realme D. Elenor daughter to this king D. Alphonso was first married Besides these lawfull children the king had company with a Moore of whome he begot D. Alphonso Martines D. Alphonso at his first entrance had great lars with his sisters for the hee would haue taken from them the lands which his father had giuen them for their portions whose quarrell D. Alphonso king of Leon did imbrace and sent his sonne D. Fernand accompanied by D. Martin Sanches brother to these Ladies for his guide being very young with an armie who took from the king of Portugal Valencia of Minio Melgaçon Hulgoso Frexo and other places this war was afterwards ended by the commandement of Pope Innocent who threatened to censure the kings of Portugal and Leon if they made not a peace to take armes against the Mores who were enemies to the true Catholike Religion from whom about that time and as the armie of Castile was dissolued after the battell of Muradal D. Pedro king of Arragon tooke Castelfabid and Ademus which are in the Realme of Valencia 37 Wee haue sayd before Arragon that this king had a sonne by his wife vnthought of who was called Iaime this Infant was much enuied and his life sought by his Vncles of either side who wished there had issued no heire from Don Pedro and Donna Mary Countesse of Montpellier that they might haue succeeded to their Estates a murtherous and couetous desire which did chiefly possesse Don Fernand Abbot of Montarragon Wherefore they did breed vp Don Iayme carefully and as much as they could out of danger the king his father was aduised to send him into France to bee kept by some Noble man his friend where hee might be more safe then in Spaine wherefore hee gaue him to Simon Earle of Montfort to bring vp in whome he had great confidence but hee abused him for warre beeing attempted against the Albigeois in the which the Earles of Tholousa were ingaged Don Pedro king of Arragon and the Earle of Montfort grew enemies and were in armes one against another the Earle beeing made Generall against them of Albi and their adherents and the king Don Pedro fauouring the Earles of Tholousa father and sonne who had married his sisters The euent was as the Histories of Spaine report that the Earle of Montfort who had conceiued a great hatred against the Earles of Tholousa hauing then great forces from the French king vnder colour of making warre against the Albigeois which were fallen from the Church of Rome hee entred in hostile manner into the Earles countrie whereof the king of Arragon beeing aduertised by his brother-in-law hauing vntill then taken part with the Earle of Monfort in this quarrell of the Albigeois he turned against him hauing first aduised him but in vaine and caused the Pope to admonish him that vnder the pretext of warre against the Albigeois who were declared Heretickes he should not reuenge his priuate quarrels D. Pedro beeing passed into France and meaning to beseege Symon of Montfort in the castle of Muret which place he meant to abandon there happened a furious skirmish among them where as the king of Arragon was slaine vpon the place and with him Don Aznar D. Pedro king of Arragon slain in France 1213. and Pedro Pardo father and sonne Don Games de Luna Don Michel Luesia Michel Rada and many other Noblemen of Arragon the Earle of Montfort retired safe with his men Such was the pittifull end of this King Don Pedro in September 1213. hauing raigned happily and in great reputation eighteene yeares three moneths and 20. dayes his bodie has carried to the Monasterie of Sixena founded by the Queene his mother The Albigeois warre continued the end whereof you may see in the Histories of France They were people which opposed themselues against the Popes Supremacie and hunane inuentions brought in to the Christian Religion taught first by one called Amaulry in the towne of Alby and thereabouts against whom the Pope incensed Christian Princes In this action Dominicke a Chanoine of Osma did great seruice to the Romish Church Dominicke of Osma author of the Order of lacobins beeing brought into France by D. Diego his Bishop whom the Pope did send his Legat for the effect The Vniuersitie of Paris did also condemne the opinion of the Albigeois but Dominick relying not much vppon disputations and reasons perswaded all Princes and their subiects to armes as beeing the most expedient meanes for the which he was canonized and put in the catalogue of Saints It was he which brought in the Order of preaching Friars Our French Histories say that Don Pedro fauoured the Albigeois and yet those of Spaine giue him the title of Catholike In his time beganne the Impost for Beeues and other cattell in Cattelogne which was after his returne from the battaile of Muradal as well by reason of the great expences of the warre as for the great summes disbursed for the marriages of Don Pedro's three sisters Don Iames the first of that name the eighth King of Arragon 38 DOn Iames or Iaime his sonne was then in the power of the Earle of Montfort in the towne of Carcassone the which did much trouble the Arragonois and Castellans who laboured all they could to haue their Prince but it auayled
Zael or Zaen which were both strong This Zeit Aben Zeit seeing himselfe pursued hee made open declaration of that which he had long before desseigned Zeit King of Valence baptized and making himself vassal to the king Don Iames he became a Christian and was called D. Vincent de Belluis He afterwards married a Lady called Dominick Lopes of Sarragossa of which mariage was borne a daughter called Alda Fernandes who was married to Blaiçe Ximenes d' Arenos 21 The warre of Valentia beeing resolued the Generall of the army vnder the king was D. Blasco Alagon by whose valour and diligence Morelia was taken a place which was held impregnable VVarre in Valence against the Mooâ—es Buriane was also beseeged and with great difficulty taken Peniscola Chiuert Ceruera Polpes Alcalatena Albufera Almenata Vxo Noles Castro Alfandecho Paterna Bulla and other places some by force some by composition and partly by the meanes and intelligences which king Zeit had and by the fauour of such as held his partie came into the power of the king D. Iames so as by degrees hee enuironed the citty it selfe cutting off their victuals and all other commodities In these expugnations they did then vse rammes moouing towers with many stages and other sorts of engins The resistance of the Moores which held Zaens partie was very great neither were they abandoned of their friends nor of the kings raigning in Affricke for twelue gallies and sixe vessels called Zabres of Tunez shewed themselues often as if they would land or assayle the places held by the Arragonois along the coast but without any effect The Estates of Arragon and Cattelogne were assembled at Monçon in the yeare 1236. An. 1236. for the continuance of this warre Estates at Mon son for the war of Valâ—nce and the conquest of Valencia without the which it was not lawfull for the king to vndertake any matter of importance The President at these estates was Pedro Perez Iustice maior of Arragon where there assisted D. William of Montgrin co-adiutor to the Arch-bishop of Tarragone the Bishops of Barcelona Saragossa Vic and Tortosa the Master and Prior of the Templers and Hospitaliers Friar Raymond of Pegnafort a most famous Iacobin Roger Bernard Earle of Foix and Don Fernand the kings vncle D. Ponce Cabrera Earle tutelarie of Vrgel D. Pedro Vgo Earle of Ampurias D. Nugno Sanches Earle of Rossillon D. Gerard Vicount of Cabrera D. William of Cardona D. William and Pedro of Moncada Berenger Puçuert William and Berenger ' Anglesol Bernard Portella Hugues Mataplan sonne to Hugues Galserand Pinos William of Laquila Raymond of Peralta Peter Vicount of Villemuir Raymond VVilliam Odeua Berenger Erille and William Ceruera all Knights and Noblemen of Cattelogne And of the realme of Arragon D. Pedro Cornel Lord Steward Bernard William Garci Romeo Symon Vrrea Artorella Artal de Lune Blasco Alagon Roderigo Lizana Blasco Maza Bâ—renger Gombald Entenza Symon de Foces Assalit Gudalis Fortun Verga Simon Lueza and others The meanes to defray this warre besides the Croisados pardons and indulgences were ordayned to be leuied vpon the people by the Imposition of a custome called Morabetine and the exaction of the Impost for cattell In this assembly it was decreed that all peeces of gold and siluer coyned should be of one goodnes and weight in Arragon and Cattelogne to the obseruation of which Edict for coynes all were bound to sweare that were aboue 14. yeares old During the seege of Valenciâ— many Noblemen and common souldiers strangers French and Englsh came to D. Iames his campe The Authors of the Arragon Historie write that the Kings army at the hottest of the siege might bee 60000. foot and a thousand horse meaning Knights and Masters followed according vnto the Order and Discipline of warre in those dayes by their vassalls besides the forces at sea This warre was long and the seege troublesome yet it was attempted battered and assaulted and the Moores within it brought to so great extremity as Zaen the Vsurper of that Principalitie beeing not yet well setled nor assured of the peoples wils Valâ—ncia takâ—n by the Arragonois abandoned it and retired to Denia The cittie was yeelded the 28. of September 1238. The King Don Iames had in the yeare 1232. beene diuorced from D. Elenor of Castile his wife and yet had declared D. Alphonso their son the lawfull heire of the realmes of Arragon and Maiorca the lands of Cattelogne Vrgeil Montpellier and others appointing for Gouernors of his youth the Bishop of Tarragone the Masters or Priors of the Templers and Hospitaliers and William Ceruera ordayning that he should be bredde vp at Monçon and if he should chance to die then did he substitute vnto his Realmes and Seigneuries Don Fernand of Arragon his vncle and Don Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence his cousin Notwithstanding the king Don Pedro during this warre of Valencia contracted a new marriage with the daughter of Andrew king of Hungary named Violant Genealogie of Arragon by whom he had a sonne called D. Pedro who was king after him of Arragon and Valencia and Prince of Cattelogne he had moreouer the Infant Don Iaime who was king of Maiorca and Minorca and Earle of Rossillon and Montpellier and a third called Don Sancho who was Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine Hee had also fiue daughters by her D. Isabell married to Philip the third King of France sonne to Saint Lewis D. Violant who was Queene of Castile and Leon wife to D. Alphonso the ninth D. Constance married to Don Manuell brother to the sayd D. Alphonso King of Castile D. Mary and D. Elenor who dyed young The dowrie of Queene Yolant or Violant as Surites writes was ten thousand Markes of siluer and two hundred of gold for her mothers rights Dowry of Q. Yolant for the which the Duke of Austria became answerable Moreouer a portion of the County of Namur in Flanders and the lands and rights which her Predecessors had enioyed in France with certaine places which she did then possesse in Hongarie and others that were fallen to her in Bourgogne by her mothers right and succession This Princesse was conducted to Barcelona in the yeare 1235. by the Bishop of the fiue Churches and a kinsman of his called Cont Denis who remained in Arragon and was the Author of the noble family of Denis which is vnited to that of Vrrez hee had two sonnes Amour and Gabriel Denis Don Pedro the eldest son of Queene Yolant was married young to Constance daughter to Manfroy bastard to the Emperour Frederick the second whom they called Prince of Tarentum which was a degree to attaine vnto the succession of the Realmes of Naples and Sicily Cattelogne freed from the Soueraignty of France and by the marriage of his daughter Isabel with Philip the Hardy sonne to Saint Lewis the French king the Kings of Arragon obtayned as the histories of Spain report a full freedome of the
at Lyons calling him King of Romains and commanding all the Princes and Prouinces of the Empire to obay him aduising Rodolphus to passe speedily into Italy to receiue the crowne of the Empire It may be he had regard to the diuersity of humors betwixt the Germains and Spaniards D. Alphonso hauing in the meane time setled his affaires with his Nobility and giuen order for the gouernment thereof not caring to seeke any truce with Aben Ioseph King of Maroc holding it would be dishonorable which notwithstanding was the cause of great mischiefe as we shall see he went from Toledo to goe into France to the Pope yet was he aduertised that he had proceeded to the confirmation of Rodolphus He was accompanied by D. Munuel his brother the Queene D. Violant the Infants D. Sancho D. Iohn D. Pedro and D. Iaime his children with many Noblemen and Knights of Marke of Castille Leon and his other dominions He left the gouernment of the realme to his eldest sonne D. Fernand and the Moores frontier to the Earle D. Nugno of Lara Hee had giuen order to haue a fleet prepared of many ships in the ports of Asturia Gallicia and Andalusia the which coasting along Spaine Languedoc and Prouence should attend him at Marseilles being furnished with many souldiers and great store of victuals sending with it the superfluous horses and baggage of his traine D. Alphonso marching through the country of his father in law D. Iaime he came to Tarragone where he was honourably entertained by him then they arriued at Barcelona about Christmas in the yeere 1275. An. 1275. Alphonso stayed there with his traine six weekes being often aduised by the King of Arragon not to proceed giuing him many great and considerable reasons but there was no meanes to diuert him from this voyage beeing so farre aduanced Being come to Perpignan hee stayed some time to conclude of the time and place of their enterview the towne of Beaucaire was chosen and the Archbishop of Narbonne had commandement to goe and meet him and to conduct him Hee left the Queene his wife and his children at Perpignan except D. Sancho whom he sent into Castille by the aduise of the King of Arragon and crossing Languedoc hauing the Archbishop for his guide he arriued at Beaucaire Pope and D. Alphonso King of Casâ—ille meet at Beaucaire whereas the Pope met him with some of the chiefe Cardinals the councel of Lyons being ended D. Alphonso treated of many matters with the Pope but he could not obtaine any thing that hee propounded He shewed him the nullity of Rodolphus election by many reasons complayning greatly of his confirmation making a great instance vpon that point in vaine Complaints requests of D. Alphonso to the Pope but in vaine but the Pope wanted no excuses Then he laied open to the Pope the reasons he had to the succession of the house of Suabe after the death of Conradin King of Naples and Sicile and Duke of Suabe who was inhumainly beheaded by the French at Naples in the yeere 1269. who hauing left no lawfull children the succession of the house belonged to him in the right of his mother D. Beatrix who was the right heire of that Dutchy whereon Rodolphus had to his preiudice seized besides he complayned of the French King who had intruded and seized vpon the realme of Nauarre which by ancient rights belonged to the house of Castille whereof he produced some reasons to iustifie his saying but all was in vaine finally he besought the Pope to be a mediator for the deliuery of D. Henry his brother who since the battaile and defeat of Conradin was prisoner in the hands of Charles King of Naples and Sicile D. Alphonso propounded many other things vnto the Pope but without any effect So as he spent the whole spring and part of the Sommer in this negotiation vntill that the Pope seauing him much discontented returned to Rome yet hee still vsed the title and armes of the Empire vntill that he was forced by censures to leaue them the Archbishop of Seuile hauing charge to intimate them vnto him 18. King D. Alphonso being busied in this vaine pursute the Moores Moorâ—â— his confederats and vassals of Spaine called in Aben Ioseph Miralmumin of Affrike thinking they might not onely shake off the Christians yoake but make some notable breach in the Estates of Leon and Castille the King being absent or at the least they should seize vpon Andalusia and for that wee haue often made mention of this King Iacob Aben Ioseph it is needful we should relate what he was and treate some thing of the Moores Estate in Affrike for that those of Spaine haue had their support from them The Miralmumin Aben Mahomad the old of the race of the Almohades beeing dead after he had lost the battaile of Muradal we made mention that his Grand-child called Caid Arrax raigned who was the sonne of Buxaf dead before his father Mahumet This Caid Arrax was the fifth King of Affrike of the race of the Almohades whose Empire extended from the West Ocean vnto Egipt There were many Admirals or Gouernors vnder him ruling the Prouinces among the which Gomorança Aben Zein of the Linage of Abdalues held that of Tremessen who behauing himselfe couetously and violently in his gouernment fell in disgrace with his King Caid Arrax so as carrying himselfe rebelliously the King came and besieged him in a castle called Tremezezir whereas a Moore cousin to Gomarança going out of the fort slue the Miralmumin seeming to yeeld vnto him and shewing him a place whereby the castle might be taken The army amazed at the death of their King was instantly set vpon by the garrison of Tremezezir being led by Gâ—mararça and put to flight Kingdome of Tremâ—ssâ—â— by which victory the Moore did appropriat that Prouince vnto himselfe causing himselfe to be called King of Tremessen and this was the beginning of that Kingdome At the same time there was in the city of Fez a family of Moores called the Benaotazes and Merines which descended from a famous Moore called Merin who had beene a Christian and became a Mahometist The chiefe of this house at that time was called Bucar Aben Merin and gouerned the city of Fez vnder the Miralmumin Caid Arrax after whose death and the defeat of his army by Gomarança before Tremezezir this Bucar Aben Merin fell vpon the Almohades which had escaped and gathered themselues together about Fez Realme of Fez. whom hauing put to rout he carried himselfe for King of Fez imitating that which his companion Gomarança Aben Zein had done in Tremessen and giuing a beginning to this new Kingdome A brother of his called Iacob Aben Ioseph vsurped in the same troubles the Principality in Ribat so as the Estate of the Almohades raigning in Maroc was then much decaied These being aduertised of the death of Caid Arrax Almorcada the sixt Miraâ—mumiâ— of Maroc
and brought to Toledo where they were buried with great sorrow of all the people taking it for a mournfull presage for the affaires of Spaine D. Gonçalo Bishop of Burgos succeded him in this dignity and was afterwards made Cardinal the first amongst all the Bishops of the Church They write that the Archbishop Don Sancho did not die fighting in the charge but that beeing taken there grewe debate betwixt some captaines Moores some striuing to lead him to the Miralmumin Iacob Aben Ioseph and others to King Mahumet and that the Gouernor of Malaga called Aben Atar arriuing foreseeing that by the contention for this prisoner there might happen some great slaughter amongst the captaines Moores he cast an Azagaye or Moorish dart at the Archbishop and peerced his belly through saying God forbid so many braue men should kil one an other for a dogge The day of this defeat there arriued D. Lope Dias de Haro Lord of Biscay with a great number of souldiars horse and foote which he had sodainely leuied and lead by great iourneies towards the frontier by fauour whereof many which had remained at the battaile ioyntly with his troupes and without any delay went all ioyntly together to incounter the Moores who receiued them couragiously so as neither party could vant of the victory when as the night parted them The greatest deeds of armes in these incounters were done about the Archbishop D. Sanchos crosse the which he caused do be carried before him as primat and had fallne into the Moores hands but the Christians recouered it againe which made them hope for better 19 These losses were augmented by the death of the Infant D. Fernand the Viceroy being in villa Real since named city Royal where he attended the rest of his forces which were leauied in all the countries subiect vnto Castille Castille to goe himselfe in person to this warre Death of the Infant D. Fernand de Ia Cerde This Prince finding himselfe neere his end he recommended his eldest sonne D. Alphonso being but an Infant to D. Iohn Nugnes of Lara eldest sonne to the Earle D. Nugno coniuring him to take the charge and gard of him and of his right vnto the realme wherein he should by right succeed his grand-father Don Alphonso the wise the which Don Iohn Nugnes promised him and being dead he caused his body to bee carried to Burgos where it was buried in the Monastery of Las Huelgas The miseries which ensued brought the realme into great trouble and if God had not stayed the enterprises of the Infidels by some admirable and vnknowne meanes they were likey to haue giuen a great and mortall wound to the Christians Estate in Spaine but he spared them The Infant D. Sancho who had beene sent backe by King Alphonso from Perpignan being aduertised of his brothers death went with al speed to Villa Real where he was receiued by the army as Lieutenant to the King his father The Myralmumin not able to take Eccia Truce betwixt the Christians and Moores and finding the Christians forces to be much augmented he retired to Algezire and Tariffe and seeming to himselfe that he had done ynough and likewise the King of Granado they resolued to make a truce for two yeeres with the Christians a the which being concluded and sworne Iacob Aben Ioseph retired into Affrike holding still the townes of Tariffe and Algezire where he left good garrisons this was the successe of the Arabians warre King D. Alphonso being absent Being returned into Spaine about the end of the yeere 1276. An. 1276. he found the state in great disorder whereof he had beene alwaies aduertised during his aboad in France That which most grieued him was the death of his eldest sonne D. Fernand not without cause for his other sonne D. Sancho made shew that he had some disordred enterprise in his conceit the which he put in execution to the dishonor and preiudice of his father and elder brothers children wherein D. Lope Dias de Haro Lord of Biscay did animate councel and conduct him for as soone as the Infant D. Sancho arriued at Villa Real where his brother died D. Lope Dias came vnto him whereas D. Sancho knowing that he was ill affected to the King D. Alphonso and the deceased D. Fernand and his familiar friend he did freely acquaint him with the desire he had to reigne saying it was fit that he who was a knight D Sanchos reâ—â—tion to â—â—ssesse his â—â—â—ewes of 〈◊〉 Kingdome and had learned to gouerne a realme were it in warre or peace should reigne after his father rather then his Nephews the sons of his brother D. Fernand who were yet very yong hauing need to Regents Gouernors charges which were effected but great personages who by reason therof grew into quarrel one with the other to the oppression of the people and hazard of the Estate the which was chiefly to be feared in these reuolts tumults of the Moores who could imbrace such an occasioÌ„ to augment their Estate with the preiudice of the Christians intreating him to assist him to effect his deseigne adding therewithal great promises wherevnto D. Lope Diaz answered according to the Infants desire incorraging him to proceed in his enterprise with assurance to aide him with this resolution they past with the army by Cordoua and repulst the Moores in such sort as the Miralmumins retreat the abouementioned truce followed Herevpon the King D. Alphonso did somewhat stay his sonnes enterprise but not quite ouerthrow it for not long after D. Sancho not only assured himselfe to succeed his father in the Kingdome but would also raigne in his life time D. Iaime King of Arragon Arragon being intreated by the Castillans had inuaded the Moores by Marica during this warre but with as bad successe as the rest for his men were put to rout nere to Xatiua Death of D. lame of Arragon wheras D. Garcia Ortis of Açagra with many others were slaine The King resoluing to goe in person in his army being old and broken he fell sicke and died at Valencia whether he caused himselfe to be carried hauing raigned threescore yeeres and ten monthes A Prince whom Spaine and especially his realme of Arragon ought much to commend His vertues for his great pollitike and millitary vertues and his great zeale to the religion of his age They write of three notable precepts which hee gaue vnto D. Alphonso King of Castille being with him at Toledo That hee should make the townes and common people his friends against the Insolencies of great men That he should neuer punish offenders secretly His buildings and valour and that hee should neuer seeme fearefull in doing well The Authors of Arragon write that in his time hee built aboue two thousand Churches and Chapells and that he fought thirtie times in battaile against the Moores Hee left his sonne Don Pedro successor in his realme of Arragon Valencia and
promising to be there her selfe The Deputies made great complaints that the kings person was detained by the Infant D. Iohn and D. Iohn de Lara They for their part obiected many things against the Queen In the mean time the king being practised by his mother stole from the knights which had debaucht him and followed her holding the way to Burgos but as he was yong and inconstant before they came vnto the city he abandoned her and D. Henry who was newly made great Master and returned with the others by reason whereof there was much dispute The Queene bearing and dissembling all being wise and excusing her sons youth who went to winter at Leon. Whilst these things were in question Moores of Granado Mahumet Myr king of Granado hauing alwaies entertained the friendship of the seditious Prince D. Henry of Castile by rare continuall presents after that he had tryed all meanes to recouer Tariffa in the which D. Henry had alwaies fauored him propounding it in the open Estates and aduising them to yeeld it vnto him but seeing he could not preuaile by these meanes he vsed open force assayling Andalusia which was neere vnto him an laying seege to Alcaudete the which hee tooke thinking to do the like at Baena Alphonso Peres of Saauedra was Captaine of the castell and D. Fernand Alphonso of Cordoua Payo Arias Iohn Martines of Argote and others being in garrison in the towne he was repulst and forced to returne into Granado But soone after hearing that the towne of Iaen was not well manned and that a peece of the wall was fallen he came with greater forces and gaue a furious assault so as many good souldiers dyed in the defence thereof and among them Henry Perez of Arana a Knight of a noble house yet it was preserued from the furie of the Moores and king Mahumet seeing he could not take it went to Quesada the which hee forced This king of the Moores was strictly allyed and a great friend to D. Iames king of Arragon to whome he had promised to ayde Don Alphonso de la Cerde with all his meanes to recouer the Realme of Castile demanding for his part of the conquest of Tariffe Medina Sidonia Alala and Bejar which were wont to belong to the Crowne of Granado the which was granted An. 1302. but he did not see it effected for he dyed in the yeare 1302. the thirtith year of his raigne and of the Arabians 685. In whose place raigned his sonne Mahumet the third called Aben Alhamar or Alamir Aben-Azar About that time dyed Raymond that great Philosopher yet had he no great learning but in opinion he was borne in the Iland of Maiorca and in his younger yeares was a merchant Beeing wearie of the world hee retired into the deserts and there composed that briefe Art or abridgement of diuine and humane sciences whereby they haue beleeued that men in an instant might become very learned the which he sayd he had by reuelation He was religious and thinking to draw the Mahumetists to the knowledge of Iesus Christ he past into Affricke where preaching the faith with an inconsiderate zeale he was stoned by the Moores Notwithstanding his writings being examined and censured some yeares after his death by the Iudgement of Aimeric a Iacobin and other Inquisitours Spaniards they were condemned by Pope Gregory sitting at Auignon as dangerous and full of ill doctrine contrary to our faith The king of Castile Castile beeing as he thought at libertie for that he was from his mother desired to confer with D. Denis king of Portugall his father-in-law the which the Queene D. Maria Enterview of the kings of Castile and Portugall D. Henry and D. Diego Lopes de Haro fought by all meanes to hinder but they could not for these two kings met at Badajos The apparent colour of this interview was that the king D. Fernand had of his father-in-law a present of a million of Marauidis of mony currant in those times but what was treated in secret was suspect to D. Henry to Diego Lopes de Haro and euen to D. Iohn Manuel son to the Infant Manuel with others who fearing lest they should plot something against them made a league with the king of Arragon and D. Alphonso de la Cerde and would haue comprehended the Queene-mother in their league but she refused it and gaue good reasons for her excuse wherefore they receiued the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde for king of Castile the which the Queene seeking to hinder she laboured in vaine and retired to Medina del campo the Inhabitants of which towne were faithfull to her sonne Thereupon being in the yeare 1304. Don Henry An. 1304. who was very old dyed whose inconstant and turbulent spirit had troubled both himself and others and so this league vanished he was buried in the church of Saint Francis at Vailledolit This death did much content the king who was then at Cordoua and hauing there setled his affaires with the new king of Granado who made a league with him vpon the same conditions and paying the same tribute which his father had done he departed leauing D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara for Gouernor general of the fronter diuiding all the goods and possessions which D. Henry had held among his Knights whereof a good part fell to D. Iohn Nugnes although the king loued him little but he feared him The Queen-mother was then forced to follow his humors yet she did all things for his profit and good By her meanes D. Diego Lopes de Haro reconciled himselfe vnto him But there fell out another contention betwixt D. Diego and the Infant D. Iohn who notwithstanding any accord that had beene made would haue the Country of Biscay which did belong vnto him in the right of his wife The Queen and the Noblemen of the Councell sought to pacifie them but not able to do it they stayed the decision of this controuersie to end matters more important to the realm with the king of Arragon and the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde for the one held in a manner all the Realme of Murcia and the other intitled himselfe still king of Castile for the which Don Iohn of Castile was sent to the king of Arragon to take some good course with him to end their pretensions and quarrels who preuailed so as the king of Arragon put that which concerned himselfe to compromise Compromise betwixt the Christian Princes of Spaine choosing for Abitrators the King of Portugall who had married his sister Donna Izabel the same Don Iohn and the Bishop of Sarragossa The Infant Don Alphonso content in like manner that his right should be friendly decided did choose and elect for Arbitrators the kings of Arragon and Portugall and the same Don. Iohn the which the King Don Fernand did willingly allow of but not the Queene his Mother who did fore-see that the end of this compromise would fall out to
of Knights of Christus Portugal by Buls from Pope Iohn in the yeare 1320. by the which it was receiued into the protection of the Apostolike sea of Rome Order of Christus in Portugal and the towne of Castro Marin assigned for the chiefe of this Order being neere vnto the Mores and since the content was transported to Touar The knights of this Order carry a red crosse split and opened by the foure branches with a white line so as one crosse makes two the one red the other white The election of the Master belongs to 13. persons that is the Prior the Commander maior the Treasurer the Secretary and nine Commanders The election was made euery one of these 13. giuing his voyce the which being publikely pronounced he that had most voices was chosen Master The first was D. Gil Martines who had beene Master of the militarie Order of Auis The elect is bound swearing in the Priors hands to promise to bee in fauour with the Pope and the Church of Rome and to present himselfe vnto the King to do him the homage of fealty The Commanders of this Order are the Prior the great Commander the Treasurer Secretary Commander of Arquin of Rodano Proença Olallas Castilejo Sancheyra Prucos Segura Lardoça and Derosmanichal Since there hath beene added the Commanders of S. Michel and S. Mary in the Ilands by the king Don Manuel An 1323. In the yeare 1323. the king D. Denis endowed this Order with priuiledges fit for the dignity thereof Genealogie of Portugall and the ornament of his religion The same yeare D. Beatrix wife to the Infant D. Alphonso was brought in bed of a son in the city of Coimbra who was named Peter and raigned after his Grandfather and father This king Denis was in so great esteeme among the Portugals as they haue a Prouerbe in vse at this day El Rey D. Denis que fix quanto quiz that is to say The king D. Denis who did all he would It is as well by reason of the institution of these militarie Orders as of many foundations and remembrances he left of him as the Monasterie of S. Francis of Portalegre and the Monasterie of Nuns of the Order of Cisteaux or S. Bernard of S. Denis of Odiuela a league and a halfe from Lisbone where he appointed his body should be interred and other publike workes as causeys towers castels walles fortifications and reparations of townes without number By him the new street of Lisbone so much esteemed in Portugall was made as also the castels of Serpa Moura Oliuencia Campo maior Argela and the fortresse that of Portalegre Odiana Marbar the castell of Abibe Alegrete Monches Monfort Beyros Arroyolos Hebora monte Bosba Villauiciosa Montcarraz Redondo Model Beja Geromena Sabugal Alfayates Castelrubio Villamaior Castellobon Castellomejor Almeida Castelmendo and Pinel most of the which were walled in by this king He did also wall in Braga Guimaranes Miranda of Duero with the Castell of Monçon and Carastolo He built new Muja Saluueterre Montargel Atalaya Acerceyra and many others which we will omit for breuities sake The king Don Denis spent his time and employed his treasure in such things He had some warre against Castile in fauour of the rebels and otherwise as we haue formerly related and moreouer against his owne brother whom he spoiled of his lands forcing him to retire into Castile to his wiues kindred Towards the end of his dayes there was no good agreement betwixt him and his sonne Don Alphonso for the sonne bred such a reuolt and sedition throughout the whole Realme as he was often in armes against the father and readie to giue battell neere to Coimbra Saint Iren Albaran and else-where beeing thrust on by faltterers and counsellors of iniquity which disorders Queene Izabel a Princesse full of piety Piety of the Queen Izabel did happily repaire and preuented the effusion of bloud praying continually vnto God for concord betwixt the father and sonne the which shee obtayned before the decease of the king her husband which was in the yeare 1325. hauing raigned 45. yeares An. 1325. nine moneths and 5. dayes and the 64. of his age He dyed at S. Iren and was interred in the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduielas Death of the king D. Denis as hee had ordayned by his testament by the which he gaue 140000. lyutes of money then currant in Portugall to be distributed to poore hospitals monasteries widowes orphelins maarrying of maydens redemption of prisoners and such like at the discretion of the Queene his wife and the Executors of his testament Besides his lawfull children he had by one or by diuers concubines Don Alphonso the beginner of the family of Albuquerque Don Pedro who gaue himselfe to studie and hath compiled a Volume of the great Houses of Spayne D. Iohn and D. Fernand one daughter that was married to D. Iohn de la Cerde and one daugther a Nun. This holy Queene Izabel daughter to Don Pedro the third king of Arragon and of Donna Constance daughter to Manfroy king of Naples was married beeing but eleuen yeares old and carried her selfe so wisely and religiously as she was admired and honoured of all men she shewed in her royall estate a wonderfull humilitie and modestie shee laboured with her hands to auoyde idlenesse and what shee made shee gaue away for Gods sake wherein shee did not spare her meanes which were otherwise great fasting and prayer were her delights and she was in continuall anguish for her sins and for her peoples she serued God as she had beene instructed by gifts offerings Masses and suffrages without measure Finally she was so giuen to contemplation and to the spirit as she tooke no delight in any thing that pleased the sences shee fledde and forsooke as much as possibly shee could all royall Pallaces beeing the Magazine of delights and of peruerse affections so as the king Don Denis who was of a contrarie disposition made small account of her giuing himselfe often to vnlawfull and lustfull loues by whome hee had children the which this good and vertuous Queene caused to bee bredde vp as her owne although shee were wonderfully afflicted to see this bad course of the King her husband fearing and rightly that God would punish him for this consideration she did pray continually for his amendment which happened in the end The K. D. Denis did oft vse her roughly wherein she shewed such patience as she neuer vsed any word of complaint but only prayed to God to let him vnderstand the truth yea when she was in a maner chased from his presence and retired to her house at Alenguer by reason of the quarrels betwixt the father and the son wherof the minions of the Court layd all the blame vpon her perswading the k. that she intertayned them against all likelihood of truth Shee did wonderfully esteem the Orders of begging Friars thinking that their estate was the most perfect among the
dyed the Admirall of Portugall The aduerse armies in Andalusia were continually in skirmish and light incounters Castile but Ioseph King of Granado would by no meanes yeeld to a battel notwithstanding the great supplies he had from Ceuta and that he had with him a son of king Alboacens called Hali with many other great personages Moores but desired rather to trie if he could get king Alphonso to yeeld vnto a truce wherefore he sent two Ambassadors vnto him who had beene formerly employed to whom the king of Castile seemed to giue a willing eare by whome there was added vnto the conditions of the former accords that king Alboacen should pay him for the charge of this seege 300000. doublons of gold These conditions being imparted vnto king Ioseph with a suspension of armes he presently past ouer to Ceuta to conferre with Alboacen But in his return he was set vpon notwithstanding the assurance giuen him by king Alphonso by a gally of Genoa thinking to take the 300000. doublons with the king but the kings gally being well armed defended it selfe and so escaped whereof king Ioseph made great complaints vnto the king of Castile who without doubt would haue sunke the Genouois gallie with the Captaine if he could haue taken it but he had gotten to sea fearing to be punished and so retired to Genoa The treaties of truce being troubled by reason of this infidelity of the Genouois the Mores army which was at Gibraltar aduanced vnto the riuer of Palmons halfe a league from the Christians campe where their fore-runners incountring the two armies which followed had like to haue come to a generall battell but the Moores retired first hauing lost some men Their whole desire was to victuall Algezire where they vnderstood that all things wanted and that many small vessels laden with victuals had beene taken at sea seeking by day or night to enter into it through fauour of the wind or current for the christians gallies were exceeding watchfull But they presented themselues so often by land making shew that they would fight and watched their oportunitie so by sea as fiue Vessels of Ceuta had meanes to enter and to refresh the beseeged with some victuals and other necessarie prouisions whereof the Captaine was a Moore called Muça who beeing discharged returned to Ceuta without losse reporting vnto King Albeacen the great necessitie of the beseeged King Alphonso was much troubled hereat but the estate of the beseeged beeing hereby a little eased was not much bettered for these victuals lasted not long considering their multitude of people and their great extremitie and the Princes of the Moores seeing that in the end they must either hazard a battaile which they did much feare hauing so often to their cost tryed the Christians valour or loose the place which had beene long and obstinately beseeged The king of Granado with the aduice of Alboacen did reuiue the treatie of truce and the conditions of former accords which were that he should be vassal to the king of Castile and should pay him tribute and moreouer that obtayning a truce for fifteene yeares wherein king Alboacen should be comprehended the towne of Algezire should be yeelded vnto him and that the Moores which were within it should haue liberty to depart with their goods whither they pleased the which after long deliberation was concluded But they cut off fiue yeares of the time of the truce the which was made but for ten yeares King Alphonso had a desire to see a young Price a Moore that was within it he was sonne to Abomelic but his Gouernour would not suffer him saying as hee caried him away that the King of Castile had no reason to see an Infant whome he depriued of his Inheritance This ended this seege hauing continued nineteene moneths during the which there were many sharpe and furious incounters whereof some might be accompted battailes they within the towne made fifteene great sallies the twelue first moneths where as many valiant men of either side were slaine About the end of this seege there had bene sent out of Arragon Iames Escriuain and Mathew Mercer Captaines with twenty gallies who wonne great honour there The king entred into Algezire in great pompe where hauing planted many of his Enslgnes vppon the towers the great Mesgide was purified and hallowed with great ceremonies the which was named Saint Maries of the Palme The wals and rampiers beeing repayred and the houses and land distributed to new dwellers the king came to Seuile from whence hee sent two daughters of King Alboacens which had beene taken at the battaile of Tariffe causing them to be honourably conducted into Affricke and richly attired wherewith the Moorish king was so pleased as he could not sufficiently commend his bountie and courtesie who hauing royally rewarded the Ambassadours which did accompany these Princesses hee sent vnto the King of Castile a rich present of pretious stones silkes armes horses lyons and other beasts infinite perfumes and whatsoeuer hee thought rare the which did much confirme the league of friendship betwixt them but it happened that Alboacen within few dayes after beeing set vppon and incountred by one of his sonnes called Alboanen Alboacen king of Maroc dispossest by his sonne who had rebelled against him and abandoning the duty of a sonne depriued him of the kingdome of Fez whereby the king of Castile entred into a new iealousie of warre this vsurping sonne not respecting the truce made with his father This Alboanen did not onely take from his father the Realme of Fez Moores but also all that hee held in Spaine as Ronde Zachara Gibraltar Ximena Marbella Estepona Castillar and others But whilest the Moores molested one another the King of Castile and his subiects had some rest whereof they had great need by reason of their continuall toyle and great expences at the seege of Algezire In the meane the king of Castile seeing that the quarrel◠betwixt Don Pedro king of Arragon Arragon and his brethren D. Fernand and D. Iohn borne of D. Leonora of Castile his sister continued still he sought to reconcile them sending Diego Garcia of Toledo to that end who laboured much but in vaine Beeing there there was a marriage treated of betwixt D. Fernand Manuel sonne to D. Iohn Manuel and D. Ieanne of Arragon daughter to Don Raymond Berenger Earle of Prages Vncle to the King Don Pedro. The allyance and amitie of Arragon had beene very auayleable to Don Iohn Manuel the which hee could not forget although the King of Castile were not much pleased therewith 24 During the seege of Algezire the king Don Pedro sought to ruine D. Iames king of Majorca his cousin and brother-in-lawe by force and all other vnworthie meanes seeking to make him odious by false accusations where as force could not preuaile Hauing drawne him to Barcelona vppon hope of a reconciliation hee charged him in open assembly that he had fraudulently fought to carrie him with
his principall councellors D. Hunges Bishop of Vic D. Pedro Thousio maister of Montesa D. Pedro of Xerica viceroy of Valence Pedro Fenouilles Audemar Mousses Gonçalu Diaz of Arenos Gaâ—cerand Belpuccio D. Pedro the King vncle Earle of Ampurias tooke that oth to his Princeesse in the name of the Estates vpon condition that if it were found the hereditarie right did belong vnto D. Iames the oth should be voide D. Iames seeing himselfe disapointed stirred up troubles in the country of Valence hee had recourse to the vnion of Arragon to retaine his digmity of Gouernor of the Realme hee made a league with his brethren D. Fernand and D. Iohn sonnes to D. Leonora of Castile and with the King of Gastile himselfe and disquieted al Arragon The dispossest King of Majorca hearing of these tumults would bee an actor and came neere vnto Majorca with certaine gallies of France and Genoa whereof Charles Grimaldi was General but as misfortune did still accompany him hee effected nothing of worth in those Islands nor vpon the coast of Cattelogne whether hee afterwards came and was repulst by the King himselfe By the aduice of Bernard of Cabrera who was then held a man of great wisdome and iudgement he made his vncle D. Pedro Earle of Amputias chiefe of his councel and seeking by all meanes to catch his rebels or to diuide their league hee wrought so as the Earle of Vrgel his brother came vnto him whom hee restored to his dignity of Gouernor of the realme but it continued not many daies for he died presently not without suspition to haue beene poysoned Beeing at an assemblie of the Estates at Saragossa he granted them all they demaunded and renued the contract made by King Alphonso the third with vnion of Arragon by the which sixteene castles were put into the power of the vnion with liberty to deliuer them to whom they would if the King should infringe the accord This yeere of our Lord 1347. An. 1347. during these troubles the Kings marriage was consomated with the Infanta of Portugal Marriage of the King D. Pedro with the infaint of Portugal the which were very mournful for that in a short space the Kings men receiued two notable routs by the rebels the one neere vnto Xatiua where there died on the Kings part Andrew William the Secretarie Lieutenant to the Viceroy of Valence and his sonne the other neere vnto Valence Defeat of the Kings men in the which Gonçal Diaz of Arnos and Pedro Mugnon captaines of the Kings men lost their liues So as the king who in the meane time kept at Moruiedro in a manner beseeged was much perplexed and not knowing what to resolue he suffred himselfe to bee perswaded to enter into the city of Valence where hee found himselfe entangled in the mutinies of the citizens who respected and honoured him so little Valencians seditious as notwithstanding his presence they spoiled and murthered one an other after a pittiful manner The Noble men and captaines holding his party were then fortefied in Daroca whereof the chiefe were D. Pedro of Xerica D. Lope of Luna D. Blasco of Alagon D. Pedro Fernandes of Ixar D. Thomas Cornel D. Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea and D. Iohn Martines of Luna The Rebels were fauored and assisted vnder-hand King of Castile fauors the rebels against the King of Arragon by D. Alphonso King of Castile who suffred them to make great leauies of souldiars in his countries for the loue hee bare vnto the sonnes of his sister D. Leonora Douager of Arragon and D. Fernand the eldest had alreadie lead many bands of Castillans to Valence and D. Iohn his brother prepared to passe into Arragon with other troupes to be the generall of that warre the which the Arragonois demaunded yet by reason of the complaints made by the King D. Pedro who said that the league betwixt Castile and Arragon was broken by King D. Alphonso sollyciting all his friends and priuat councellors especially Queene Mary his wife and D. Leonora of Guzman his best beloued to disswade the King from this enterprise laying before him the consequence of this rebellion there were sent by the King of Castille and by his sister the Queene D. Leonora into Arragon D. Fernando Perez Puerto Carrero and to Valence Lope Perez of Fonseca to treat of the meanes to pacefie these troubles The King D. Pedro promised great matters to his brethren and desired nothing more then to haue the Castillan troupes called home by their King but notwithstanding any likelihood of an accord they drew what succors they would from Castile wherefore King D. Alphonso beeing importuned by the King D. Pedro and discontented with these seditions beeing also mooued with a desire he had to see the Queene D. Leonora his sister and her children assured in their Estates which had been left them by the deceased King D. Iames and by diuers other passions he could take on better resolution then to shew himselfe a common friend and for that hee could not well hinder the credit which his Nephewes had in Castille for the leauying of men hee also suffered the King of Arragon to leauy horsemen for his money entertayning Aluar Garcia of Albornoz who brought him aboue sixe hundred Castillan horsemen With these forces and others of his subiects who fauoured his violences hee came to battaile with the Rebels of Valence and Saragossa Rebels defeated by the king D. Pedro. beseeging Epila being commanded by his brother D. Fernand whom he put to rout betwixt the riuer of Xalon and Epila where the Infant D. Fernand was taken prisoner but his good fortune was to fall into the hands of the Castillan horsemen who being loath hee should come into the power of the incensed King D. Pedro sent him speedily into Castille to King D. Alphonso his vncle In this battaile died Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea the chiefe fauourer of the vnion Gombald Tramasset Symon Perez Pina and Galuan Anglesole After this defeat there was a firme League made betwixt Castile and Arragon by the treaty of a marriage of one of the King D. Pedros daughters with D. Henry son aduowed to the King of Castile and there were conditions propounded for Queene Leonor and her children that the King of Arragon should suffer them to enioy their goods and Estates freely and that the Gouernment of Arragon should bee giuen to the Infants D. Fernand and D. Iohn and that the King should not proceed against the confederats of Valence against whom he was more incensed then against the rest The King D. Pedro would not grant the gouernment of Aragon to his brethren nor pardon his rebels but desired the King of Castile to assist him with horse-men that hee might punish them by armes and in regard of the marriage he would haue D. Henry inuested in the country of Murcia with the title of a King otherwise he should not marry his daughter These difficult and distastfull treaties
of the two Princes of Castile brethren Portugal we doe not read that D. Pedro king of Portugal tooke part with either of them He died in the yeere 1367. the seuen and forty of his aâ—â— hauing raigned almost eleuen yeere To which Realme succeeded D. Fernand his sonne being at his coronation sixe and twentie yeere old and some monthes in whom the direct and lawfull line of D. Henry of Besançon or of Lorraine failed as shal appeere He was present in the towne of Estremos when as his father died and was there acknowledged and proclaimed King taking an oth from such of his subiects as were then present D. Pedro King of Arragon Arragon hearing the successe of Henries victory began to feare him sending Francis of Perillos and Iames Elfaro Ambassadors into France who procured an offenciue and defenciue league the French King promising to aide him of Arragon in his warres of Sardyina yea and against D. Henry if hee did not referre vnto him the question for the realme of Murcia and other lands promised as hee had informed him And for that the warres betwixt the French and English were reuiued Francis of Perillos being held the best captaine at sea in his time was granted vnto the French king who entertained him notwithstanding that the King of Arragon his maister had great need of him for the warres of Sardynia the which was continually entertained by Marian Iudge of Arborea who this yeere had taken many places from the Arragonois and defeated in a sallie which he made being deseeged in the castle of Oristagno the army of Arragon commanded by D. Pedro of Luna and his sonne the which did so disquiet the King as he resolued to go thether in person but new affaires hindred him for he was inuaded from the county of Rossillon by some Frenchmen who notwithstanding were but vagabond troupes running vp and downe the country without warrant and he was also kept backe by the controuersies which he had with the new King of Castille wherefore he sent D. Berenger of Carrozo Earle of Quirra thether with an army yet giuing it still out that he should goe thether himselfe keeping the Standard royal displaied on the top of the castle of Barcelona after the accustomed manner in signe that the King would goe to the warre the which kept these seditious people somewhat in awe Hee caused an Edict to bee published by the which hee granted respight to all that were indebted and repeale for banished men that were of Sardynia Being come to valence he made his sonne D. Martin Seneshall of Cattelogne who commanded ouer all armes vniting vnto that dignity that of the Constable of the realme as well on this side as beyond the seas and then it was decreed that from that time the children of the Kings of Princes of Arragon should be called to that degree The end of the fifteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE SIXTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 DOn Henry the second of that name the 15. King of Castile and 36. of Leon. The continuation of his conquest of the Realme of Castile and the contentions betwixt the Castillans Portugals Nauarrois and Moores 2 Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 3 Parliament at Toro and the lawes made there 4 Contention betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre their agreement Bad offices of Charles King of Nauarre to the King of Castile in fauour of the English against the French and the constancy and fidelity of D. Henry the new King 5 Vnfitting and vnlawful marriage of D. Fernand King of Portugal with D. Leonora Telles of Meneses and the tumults which ensued 6 Warre renued betwixt Castile and Portugal 7 Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 8 Preparatiues for warre made by Iohn duke of Lancaster pretending the Realme of Castile against D. Henry 9 Treaty of peace betwixt Castile and Arragon 10 Affaires of Nauarre death of D. Roderigo of Vrriz 11 Cession of the rights of Rossillon and Cerdagne to the house of Aniou 12 Trauels of the King of Nauarre detention of the Prince his sonne in France Rash enterprises of the King of Nauarre against him of Castile warre betwixt these potentats 13 Schisme in the Church of Rome 14 Death of D. Henry King of Castile and some testamentary lawes made by him 15 D. Iohn first of that name the 16. King of Castile and 37. of Leon. 16 Treaties of marriages ill mannaged and donations betwixt the Kings of Castile and Portugall 17 Practises of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses Queene of Portugal against the Nobility and the troubles and calamities which followed 18 The King of Castile acknowledgeth in the Schisme of the Romaine Church the Pope of Auignon 19 Warre betwixt Castile and Portugal procured by the Earle of Oren pacified a marriage betwixt D. Iohn King of Castile and D. Beatrix Infanta of Portugal 20 Rebellion of the Earle of Gijon 21 Regency of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses in Portugal pursute of Don Iohn King of Castile of the Realme of Portugal in the hereditary right of D. Beatrix his wife D. Iohn Maister of Aâ—iz called to the Gouernment and the exploits of warre betwixt the Castillans and Portugals 22 Bad deseignes of Charles King of Nauarre to free his sonne beeing prisoner in France his liberty by the bounty of the princes of France 23 Continuance of the war of Portugal Election of D. Iohn Maister of Auiz to the crowne of Portugal battaile of Aljubarote and defeat of the Castillans In this sixteenth Booke mention is made of the Kings 15 D. Henry of Castile 16 D. Iohn his sonne 36 of Leon second of that name 37 of Leon first of that name D. Henry called de la Merced the fifteenth King of Castile and sixe and thirty of Leon. AFter the death of the King D. Pedro the Realmes of Castile and Leon Castile remained to D. Henry without any great difficulty He got by his virtue and mildnesse what his brother had lost by his pride and cruelty Hee was a friend to the vertuous nobly minded bountifull D. Henry surnamed the Gratious valiant and strong of his person although he were but of a small stature He was surnamed the liberall or gratious by reason of the bounty he shewed to them that had serued him The greatnesse and good fortune of this King was suspected vnto the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon who made a league this yeere restoring one vnto an other certaine townes and castles that is Arragon deliuered to Nauarre Herrera of Moncayo and Nauarre to Arragon Saluaterra and Real they pacefied the controuersies which were betwixt them of Sanguessa and Real by a definitiue sentence of Merins and Gouernors of Tudelo and Saragossa Queene Ieanne gouerning the realme of Nauarre and dealing in all these affaires in the absence of King Charles her husband who was gone into France vpon the reuiuing of the warre betwixt the French and English that same yeere
other side the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre entred into Castile with two thousand fiue hundred men at armes and some few foote whose entry the constable could not stop with whom Don Henry ioyned with two hundred and twenty horse againt the promises made They ranne neere vnto Cogollado and beeing come to Xadraque the Constable following them they presented him battails the which he would not accept for Peter Cardinal of Foix sonne to Archambaud and Mary Queene of Arragon sister to the King of Castile came by great iourneies out of Arragon and put themselues betwixtthem making an entrance to an accord which was that the two Kings should returne into their realmes and that the constable and other noblemen of the King of Castiles army should intreat him to restore vnto the King of Nauarre and to the Infant D. Henry their lands for as soone as the army of Arragon and Nauarre had entred into Castile the King did caused all that the house ofArragon did hold in Castile to bee seized on By this meanes the armies parted and the two brethren Kings came to Huerta and Haria in Arragon and the Infant D. Henry to Ocagne but the indignation of D. Iohn King of Castile was so greta as he did not regard that which had beene capitulated but sent to all his subiects that they should hold the Arragonois and Nauarrois for enemies and make vioent warre against them and comming himselfe in person to the campe at Piquera hee resolued to goe and charge his enemies in their fort at Hariza Queene mary and the Cardinall Foix returned againe to the King of Castile propounding many meanes of peace but all in vaine wherevpon they returned very much discontented D. Frederic of Castile Earle of Arjone was aprehended in the army vpon suspition that he fauored the Arragonois war being proclaimed throughout al Castile the inhabitants of the country of Biscay Guipuscoa Alaua and Rioja entred sodainely into Nauarre where they committed infinit spoiles Thus an innocent Realme suffred for a nocent King whom they had earnestly intreated to entertaine peace with Castile The King of Castiles army being strong and ready to enter into Arragon hee sent word to D. Alphonso King of Arragon that he would spare his country if hee would forsake the king of Nauarre the which he refused wherevpon the constable of Castile beeing followed by fiue hundred horse marcht to Monreal tooke it spoiled Cetiua and finding no resistance Army of the King of Castile returned to the army which consisted of 7000. men at armes 3600. genets or light horse and 60000. foot with the which King Iohn entred into Arragon where he tooke and burnt the towne of Hariza but hee attempted not the castle which was very strong this was all the exploit was done with that mighty army for the two brethren Kings on t presenting themselues to battaile and victuals fayling for so great an army he was forced to retire into Castile towards Medina Celi from whence he sent for the gard of the frontier D. Pedro of Velasco his Lord Chamberlain with 600. launces to lie with them in Alfaro Calaorra or Logrogno against whom the King of Nauarre did fortefie Tudele Viana and La Garde In the meane time D. Henry and D. Pedro brethren to the kings ouerran the country of Estremadura hauing to incounter them Don Roderigo Alonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent who finding himselfe weake had the Constable sent to him with sufficient forces The king being returned to Pegnafiel wrought so as the captaine of the castle yeelded it vnto him fearing to be put in the ranke of rebells and traitors to their Prince The king of Arragon slept not but imploying his forces his enemy being farre of hee tooke in Castile Exploits of the King of Arragon in the country of Soria Deca and the castles of Ciria Boronia and Bozmediano carrying away an infinite number of prisoners aboue forty thousand charges of corne and great store of cattle and other spoiles The king of Castile was much mooued with these newes and gaue all the lands which the king of Nauarre his soone D. Charles the Queene Donna Blanche and the Infant D. Henry held in Castile to D. Henry his sonne Prince of the Asturia's and he sent D. Pedro of Velasco to make most violent warres in Nauarre and being resolued to enter himselfe in person the next yeere with a great army he called the Estates to Burgos to haue money demaunding a hundred millions of Marauidis to entertaine it sixe monthes and for that their was some difficulty to draw together so great a summe he borrowed of rich men and of churches all their plate and siluer vessel and sent it to bee coined at Seuile During the assembly at Burgos there came Ambassadors from the kings of Nauarre and Arragon which were Peter of Peralta the Abbot of Ronceuaux Doctor Iohn of Lezana D. Iohn of Luna and Berenguel of Bardaxi to treat of a peace to whom answere was made that the king of Castile would send Ambassadors expresly to giue them a conuenient answere and to them of Nauarre shewing particularly in the name of Queene Blanch and of her sonne D. Charles that they had not done any thing for the which they should seize their rents and pensions yea the Queenes dowry who had neuer consented to these quarrels the like answere was made The Ambassadors of Castile were D. Sancho of Rojas Bishop of Astorga Pero Lope of Ayala Marshall of the kings body and D. Fernando Gonçales of Auila of the Kings councell Who being come into Nauarre made great complaints of D. Iohn King of Nauarre accusing him of great faults wherein they did also comprehend the Queene saying that she was a confederate in the warre seeing that she had sold her iewels to furnish her husband with money and made other demonstrations of an enemy From Nauarre they past into Arragon where they gaue as little hope of peace wherefore King D. Alphonso sent Ambassadors to Rome to Pope Martin to complaine of the King of Castile who refused all honest meanes of an accord The Constable being come into Extremadura he made the Infants D. Henry and D. Pedro retire towards Albuquerque vpon the frontier of Portugal whether they sent great store of cattle hoping they should serue to victual them for the which the King of Portugal was glad to excuse himselfe to the King of Castile who complained The Constable tooke Trugillo and hauing seized also of the castle by the meanes of one of the captaines of the garrison he deliuered it into the Kings hands hee attempted Montanches and hauing taken D. Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent with him he came and camped before Albuquerque an impregnable for t but hee desired to draw the Infants to fight Knight to Knight but they would not vouchsafe to accept it wherefore he retired his army towards Pierrebonne from whence hauing aduertsed the King of the Estate of his affaires
being aduertised of these things hee went post to Alcantara with all his horsemen to the end this prisoner might bee deliuered vnto him to conduct him vnto the King but the Commander would not yeeld him The Admirall wisht him to keepe him in safe gard promising him a great recompence in the Kings name and from thence hee went and spoiled the country about Albuquerque The detention of the Infant Don Pedro did much trouble Don Henry his brother who caused the Maister to goe to field to let the world know that hee was no prisoner but for all this the Commander would not release Don Pedro for the King tempting the couetousnesse and ambition of this man Nephew betrayes his vncle through ambition promised to make him maister of Alcantara in his Vncles place so as it appeared to all men that in retaining Don Pedro hee had more hope to aduance him-selfe then charitie to his Vncle who indeed was depriued of his Maistership the Commander aduanced vnto it and the Inhabitants of Alcantara for their forwardnesse in the taking of the Infant were endowed with great priuiledges Don Henry seeing his affaires in very bad estate fearing they should vse his brother vnworthily Infants of Arâ—agon loose all their lands in Castile he had recourse vnto the King of Portugal to mediate his peace with the King and his brothers deliuery by whose meanes an accord was made with this condition that the sort of Albuquerque all others that the Infants did hold should bee deliuered into the Kings hands and they depriued of all their lands in Castile These things happened in the yeare 1432. when as King Iohn gaue the title of a Citty to the towne of Victoria Admirable Snow in Naâ—â—r ArragoÌ„ the chief in the prouince of Alaua About the end of this yeare there fell such aboundance of Snow in Nauarre and Arragon as the townes and bourroughs were in a manner besieged the Snow continuing forty dayes together so as they could not go from one place to another and the long continuance thereof made many beasts yea the most sauage and birds of all sorts to come familiarly into their houses being prest with hunger and suffer themselues to be taken as if they had put off their naturall wildnesse and were become tame a presage of future miserie The truce betwixt the King of Castile and Mahumet Aben Azar King of Granado being expired An. 1433. in the yeare 1433. there were new supplies of men sent vnto the frontiers of Andalusia vnder the command of Don Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val-decorneja who tooke Benamaruel and Bençalema from the Moores and the Estates of Castile were held at Madrid where they treated to continue this holy warre This yeare D. Iohn King of Portugal Portugal Death of Don Iohn King of Portugal dyed in the Castell of Lisbone a Prince full of yeares leauing his realme in peace and a happy memory of his gouernment hee was seauenty seauen yeares old when hee dyed and had raigned forty nine yeares His body was layed in the Cathedrall Church at Lisbone and afterwards buryed in the royall Monasterie of S. Mary of the battell Before he left this world he saw a son borne of D. Edward his sonne and successor of the Realme and of Donna Leonora of Arragon his wife who was named Don Alphonso and raigned after the father D. Edward the first of that name and 11. King of Portugall DOn Edward was presently after proclaymed king in the pallace of Alcaçaua in the presence of his breethren D. Henry Master of the Order of Christ and duke of Viseo the Infant Don Iohn Maister of Saint Iames of Portugal and Constable of the realm Don Pedro of Meneses Earle of Viana the bishop of Ebora and many other Prelates and Knights whereas the bishop of Ebora did celebrate the ceremonie They say that the Noblemen being assembled to celebrate this act a Iew Phisitian to the new king and very learned in astrologie came and presented himself vnto the assembly beseeching them to deferre it vntill noone with assurance that he had obserued some bad constellation threatning that Kings raigne that should be receiued at that houre The king who was better instructed touching these prognostications would haue them proceed without delay wherefore the Iew replyed that the king should raigne little and with great troble He was one and forty yeares old when he began to raigne and had beene married fiue yeares before too late for a Prince that was heire to a great Estate His wife Donna Leonora was daughter to King Fernand who of Duke of Pegnafiel had bene made king of Arragon by election of the arbitrators deputed by the Estates of the countrie borne of Donna Leonora of Albuquerque Genealogie of Portugal who was issued of the bdoud royall of Castile and Portugall for Donna Beatrix her mother was daughter to the king Don Pedro and sister to Don Iohn king of Portugal borne of the faire and happie Agnes of Castro and the father was Don Sancho sonne to Don Alphonso king of Castile the last Of this Princesse of Arragon king Edward had Don Alphonso his eldest and successor to the Crowne of Portugall borne in the pallace of Sintra in the yeare 1432. then D. Fernand his second sonne this yeare 1433 who was Duke of Viseo and married Donna Beatrix his cousin germaine daughter to D. Iohn Master of S. Iames and the third Constable of Portugal of which marriage was borne Donna Leonora Queene of Portugall wife to Don Iohn the second and also D. Izabella Dutchesse of Bragance and Don Dominicke Duke of Viseo and Don Manuel who came to raigne in Portugal from whome is descended the last King Don Sebastian by the masculine line Besides these two sonnes Donna Leonora brought king Edward her husband foure daughters D. Philip who dyed being but eleuen yeares old stricken with the plague at Lisbon D. Leonora married to the Emperour Fredericke the third father and mother to the Emperor Maximilian of Austria the first of that name the third was D. Catherina who was betrothed to Don Charles Prince of Viana heire of Nauar and afterwards to Edward the fourth King of England and yet married neither of them but dyed a mayd the fourth was D. Ieanne a very faire Princesse who married with Don Henry the fourth king of Castile This was the issue of king Edward who is numbred for the eleuenth king of Portugall vnfortunate at the least in this that during his raigne the plague neuer ceased to consume his people yet he was a louer of iustice for the administration wherof he deputed euery three moneths one of his brethren an Earle and a Bishop commanding them to do Iustice to euery man and to suppresse all excesse he was sober in speech and in his manner of liuing as much as any Prince of his time he did limit the expences of his Wardrobe to fiue hundred doublons of gold by
matters succeeded as followeth After that king D. Alphonso being called back into Spaine for matters which concerned him nere namely for the imprisonment of his brother D. Henry had left Naples Queen Ioane and her adopted sonne Lewis of Anjou had some time of breathing and means to recouer the city of Naples and other places of the realme there only remained Iohn Anthony of Vrsins Prince of Tarentum a partisan to k. D. Alphonso who made head against Lewis duke of Aniou the duke making war in Calabria was surprized with a burning feuer whereof he died at Cosenza in the yere 1434 not leauing any children Death of Ioane Queen of Naples and her will and the same yeare dyed Queen Ioane also leauing by her will whether it were true or counterfeit Rene of Aniou duke of Lorraine and Bar brother to Lewis deceased heire of the realme of Naples who was at that time a prisoner in the hands of Philip Duke of Bourgondie by reason of the warre betwixt the French and the English for whose libertie the Gouernors of the Realm chosen after the Queens death sent ambassadors into France but on the other side those that were affected to the house of Arragon as the Prince of Tarentum Iohn Anthony of Marzan Duke of Sessa Christopher Gaetan D. Alphonso 〈…〉 back to Napies Earle of Fondy and Roger his brother with other Noblemen and knights which held Capua called backe King Alphonso who a little before was come into Sicily hauing left the Queene D. Maria his wife Regent in Arragon and had led his breethren with him D. Iohn king of Nauarre who had left the gouernement to D. Blaâ—che his wife Queene proprietarie of the Realme D. Henry and D. Pedro who being dispossessed of all they held in Castile had retired themselues vnder the fauor of the kings their breethren with them and many Noblemen and Knights as well Spaniards as Sicilians King Alphonso past into the Realme of Naples and came and landed at Gayeâ—e in which place were besides the Inhabitants and other souldiers of the countrie 300. Geneuois vnder the command of Francis Spinola of Genoua sent by Philippe Maria Angelo Duke of Milan vnder whose protection the common-weale of Genoua was at that time and who held the partie of René Duke of Anjou The beseeged seeing themselues prest aduertised the Duke of their extremity and what need they had of succors whereupon he presently gaue order to prepare an armie at Genoua of the which Blaise Araxeto was General beeing accompanied by Elisa Spinola Iames Iustinian Galiot Lomelin and other famous Captaines expert at sea Army sent 〈…〉 suecor Gaycte who directed their course towards the Iland of Ponce wherof king Alphonso who was before Gayete beeing aduertised hauing nineteene great ships and eleuen gallies he left onely fiue to continue the seege and resolued to go in person with the rest to encounter the enemie but he must first pacifie a question which was growne betwixt the King of Nauar for the generall conduct of the armie with his brother D. Henry either of them aspiring to haue it mooued with zeale to ayde their brother Hauing set sayle Don. Pedro hauing charge of the gallies the Kings and the Infants euery one apart well appointed came to incounter the Geneuois armie the which did consist of twelue great ships three gallies one galeasse and a foist Being in sight and within a league and a halfe one of another the Geneuois seemed as if they would not fight the kings army kept it selfe together till noone striuing to get the wind that they might fight with more aduantage In the meane time the gallies of Arragon discouered the enemies armie which approched neere vnto them finding that they had left three great ships behind as it were for a rereward Before they came to joyne the Generall of the Geneuois armie sent a trumpet in a boate to let the king of Arragon vnderstand that their intent was not to hurt him but they had onely put to sea to draw out of Gayete their souldiers cittizens and merchants of Genoua with their goods and merchandize and to transport them to Genoua The trumpet was detayned a good time during their consultation but the conclusion was that they must charge them for it was likely that the Geneuois had sent this trumpet for that they fainted and feared the Arragonois army The captaines and souldiers with great demonstrations of courage cryed out for battell and presently discharged their artillerie which the Geneuois did presently answer so as grapling ship to ship and galley to galley the fight was furious and cruell and continued long doubtfull vntill that the three great ships left by the Geneuois in the teereward hauing gotten a full wind came with great violence vppon the ships of Arragon and among others giuing the stemme to that in which King Alphonso was they made it lye on the one side and had so shaken and shattered it as it tooke in an aboundance of water and put the king and all them that were in it in great danger so as he was forced to yeeld to Iames Iustinian Gouernor of the Iland of Scio who took him into Spinola's ship The shippe wherein King Iohn did fight Prisoners taken in a battell at seâ— hauing lost her maine-yard yeelded and was taken by Galiot Lomalin Don Henry was prisoner to Cyprian de Mare With these Princes there were taken D. Diego Gomes of Sandoual Earle of Castro Xeris and two of his sons D. Iohn of Sotomajor who had beene Master of Alcantara Ruy Diaz of Mendoça the bald Fernando Aualos Chamberlaine to D. Henry and another Sonne of Don Ruy Lopes d'Aualos who had beene constable of Castile with many other Noblemen and Knights of Arragon Nauarre Cattelogne and Valencia and aboue 600. souldiers and marriners slaine The Infant D. Pedro leaping with the helpe of a cable from one galley to another escaped there were 13. ships taken and most of the gallies were burnt or sunke after they had spoiled them To conclude the Geneuois victorie was great memorable as well in regard of the prisoners as of the rich spoyles who shewed all curtesie and humanity for after the end of the fight they did set at liberty aboue 400. souldiers that were prisoners besides marriners retayning only the chiefe men wherein they did wisely and like souldiers for a multitude of prisoners of meane qualitie are but an incumber and it is an vnprofitable charge and doth many times make the vanquished take corage to rebell and to become Masters of them that hold them Among the multitude that were set at liberty there were many Knights of great worth escaped vnknowne That which gaue the aduantage to the Geneuois army was the 3. ships left in the rereward the abundance of scalding lime and wild-fire which they cast and finally that they were better sea-men then the Arragonois The victorious army approching neere to the Iland of Ischia
there being ioyned with him the Earle of Castagneda and D. Pedro Sarmiento against whom Don Iohn King of Nauarre sent fifteene hundred Launces led by the Admirall and the Earle of Benauent who led Prince Henry with them who did not yet descouer himselfe but onely kept these two parties from fighting making them in some sort friends and satisfied at that time one of an other and then hee returned to Segobia Whilest that the Admirall and Earle of Benauent were absent in this voiage hauing lest the Kings in Tordesillas Pero Aluares Osorio of the Bishop of Auilas faction came and presented himselfe before the towne being accompanied with many souldiars and did endeuor to enter but he could not wherevpon he retired These things made the King of Nauarre and the confederats very iealous that there was some great conspiracy against them and not able yet to discouer who were the conspirators to bee the better certefied they sent to intreat the Prince D. Henry to come to Tordesillas that they might aduise what was to bee done for the totall ruine of the Constable as they had concluded together The Prince hauing therein the Bishops aduice who demaunded nothing more came with an intent to make knowne vnto the King his father the league which hee had newly made to free him from Gouernment and to comfort him Arriuing at Tordesillas with the Bishop of Auila Iohn de Pacheco and many other Noblemen they were receiued by the King of Nauarre with great demonstration of ioy At that time there was no meanes for to conferre together nor to treate of any affaires for they were readie to celebrate a marriage betwixt the King of Nauarre and the Admirall Henriques daughter which were preparing with great state at the tower of Lobaton whither all men went This marriage was accomplished to the great griefe of Don Charles Prince of Viana Nauarre to whose preiudice the king D. Iohn his father Mariage of the king of Nauar with D. Ioane Henriques detayned the Realme of Nauar and wold not leaue it although it were his inheritance by his mother which was the cause of great troubles This Princesse D. Ioane was of the bloud royall of â—astile for the Admirall Don Frederick her father was sonne to Don Alphonso Henriques and grand-child to Don Frederick Master of Saint Iames who by the commandement of Don Pedro the cruell his brother was slaine at Seuile At the same time Don Fernand of Aualos Chamberlaine to the Infant D. Henry was sent to bring Donna Beatrix sister to Don Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent to Cordoua being promised to the Infant his master in which citie that mariage was celebrated of whom came D. Henry of Arragon called the Infant of Fortune or the Fortunate who came to be Duke of Segorbe The Court being returned to Tordesillas Castile they began to treat of matters against the Constable whereupon the Prince told the king of Nauarre that it were good all they of the league were together to determine of matters of so great importance the which pleased the king of Nauarre whereupon there were letters and messengers sent to them that were absent to draw them to Court and for that Tordesillas would not serue to lodge so great an assembly the towne of Areualo was appointed The Bishop of Auila was very desirous that the king and the Prince father and sonne might conferre freely together the which was very difficult for there were spies set by the king of Nauarre about the kings person in his chamber and in all other places who did obserue what hee sayd or did and yet the king could not helpe it yet the bishop found meanes to aduise him that he should faine himselfe to be somewhat sicke and that vppon this occasion the Prince vnder colour to visit him and to do his duty might deliuer many things vnto him which might please him The king kept his bed for a time whereby the Prince had oportunity to discouer the new league vnto him and to assure him that the Constable whom he had chased away should yet deliuer him from the captiuity wherein they held him wherewith the king was so ioyed as he could not containe himselfe but he did outwardly shew the hope which he had conceiued which made the gards suspect that the father and the sonne had had some discourse of great consequence whereof they did aduertise the King of Nauarre who was very iealous of the bishop They caused the Admirall to aske the king what good discourse the Prince his sonne had vsed wherewith he was so ioyed The king wisely concealing what he knew answered that they were tales of the follies of youth This busines hauing succeeded wishfully for the Bishop the Prince tooke his leaue of the two kings his father and father-in-law and so returned to Segobia to attend sayd he the time of the assembly at Areualo but it was the least of his thoughts for he had a speciall desire to breake it if he could whereof hauing conferred by the way with the bishop of Auila his Councellor he who was a cunning politicke man found this expedient he went to Areualo beeing a towne of his Diocesse of Auila with a great trayne and finding the lodgings alreadie marked for the Noblemen that should come thither he caused some to quarrell with the harbingers and with such of the traine as were already come so as he put the towne into a great confusion Many of those which were alreadie lodged were forced to depart and to giue place to my Lord Bishop and his men and then seeking for other lodging there grew other contentions among them of the Court so as the king of Nauarre being aduertised thereof hee was much discontented and growing more suspitious he would not go to that assembly fearing some practise against him The Prince hauing what he demanded he wrote vnto the king of Nauarre complayning much that he was not come to the assembly at Areualo wherefore they sent the Admirall Don Frederick vnto him to Saint Mary de Nyeua to draw him to another assembly whereunto the Prince pretending some excuses the Admirall told him that if he came not it would seeme that he meant to withdraw himselfe from the vnion of the king of Nauarre and the confederate Lords The Prince pretended many reasons hee had for it but he dissembled his intent the Admirall intreated him for an enterview with his father inâ—law at Olmedo whereof hee excused himselfe as honestly as he could and sent backe the Admirall very much discontented for he spake not but as he was aduised by the Bishop of Auila who wished him not to enter into Olmedo nor into any place belonging to the king of Nauarre The Bishop being vigilant and actiue to do any thing that might giue forme and effect to his enterprise for the restoring of the Constable to his first fauour and authoritie posted to Alba de Tormes whereas he made the Arch-bishop
peace on that side albeit he was depriued of that which was adiudged him by the sentence of the French King Lewis the eleuenth he did notwithstanding since continually presse the Cattelans and other Rebels by force of armes to the end to reduce them to their former duties and allegeance This truce was sworne vnto by Commissioners on either side namely by Gaston the Earle of Foix in the name of the king Iohn his father-in-law and by Donna Leonora his wife heire to the Crowne of Nauarre who to obtaine the right of succession if we may beleeue the Spanish Authors was not affraid to cause Donna Blanche the Queene of Castile A cruell appetite of 〈◊〉 in the Countesse of Foix her eldest sister to be poysoned who was kept for a time by her and her husband prisoner at the towne of Lescar in the Countrey of Bearne by the consent of King Iohn her father to the end to keepe this poore Princesse from marrying any more As concerning the warres of Cattelogne the estates of that Country did not faint Continuance of the warre of Cattelogne although they were forsaken by the King of Castile nor abated any jotte of their hatred against their Prince but reiecting him as a wicked murtherer of his owne sonne they chose as hath beene alreadie sayd Don Pedro the third Constable of Portugall sonne Don Pedro Duke of Coimbra vnto whom for the same effect they sent Ambassadours to Ceuta where he remayned with the King Don Alphonso of Portugall warring vppon the Affricane Moores whilest they attended his comming the Spaniards sent to their ayde by the king Don Henry not beeing yet departed the warre continued cruelly in the countries of Cattelogne and Arragon with variable successe The Knights of the Order of Montesa taking the Kings part did greatly trouble the towne and countrey of Tortosa and tooke the cittie of Esmereta which the Castillans had wonne in the last warres who had giuen many ouerthrowes to those of Tarrassona and Borja and others which were on K. Iohns side Those of Barcelona being masters of the sea and strong enough by land did obtaine sundrie victories and defeated the Prior of S. Iohns Those of Lerida rebelling againe constrayned the king to besiege their towne wherein commanded as chiefe Pedro de Deça who dared to offer the king battell where they fought so valiantly that albeit the king obtained the victorie yet hee lost more men then the beseeged who made diuers furious sallies vppon the Kings armie leauing still behind them bloudie markes but in the end beeing constrayned by famine they yeelded with condition to haue their liues and goods saued which the king graunted them because he would not appeare ouer rigorous and to the end that hee might bring others to do the like by that example of clemencie Iohn de Lazcano a Knight born in Guipuscoa was left Gouernour of Lerida Don Pedâ—o of Portugal crowned king at â—â—â—câ—lona the army marching against Ceruera to inuest which place Don Alphonso and Don Iohn of Arragon the kings bastard sons were sent before In the meane time D. Pedro of Portugall beeing arriued receiued and crowned King at Barcelona according to the vsuall ceremonies of Arragon hee determined with the forces which he found in Cattelogne those which he had brought from Portugall and with certaine Castillan Knights who of their owne accord remayned in that countrey to succour Ceruera but beeing come to Igualada and vnderstanding by his spies that his forces were not sufficient to raise Kings Iohns army from before that place he returned to Barcelona with great difficultie Afterward to diuert the Earle of Pratas who did furiously batter the towne of Tarraga for King Iohn he brought his army into his countrie where he tooke Pratas and committed diuers spoyles there which king Iohn hauing notice of he caused the Earle to depart from before Tarraga and sent him more souldiers conducted by his sonne Don Fernand with commaundement to meere with Don Pedro whose armie consisted of sixe thousand and fiue hundred men at the most Don Pedro and the Cattelans defeated neere to Calaf beeing Cattelans Portugueses Nauarrois Burgondians and others with these forces he came foorth of Pratas and met with the enemie about Calaf As both the armies were in sight an infinite multitude of storks appeared flying in the ayre which trobled the minds of all men on either side reputing it as prodigious The battayles beeing ioyned D. Pedro was ouer-come and saued himselfe by fauour of the night in Pratas where he had left a sufficient Garrison To this battaile of Calaf came Don Henry of Arragon sonne to the Infant D. Henry and Lady Beatrice Pimentel who was surnamed the fortunate Infant D. Pedro who intituled himselfe King left Pratas and retired himselfe to Manrresa from whence he sent a captaine named Bertrand of Almendrades to the succour of Ceruera and he himselfe entred into the Prouince of Ampurdan where he fortefied his campe with new succours from the towne of Besalu he battred and tooke Tibrana and came to beseege Bisball D. Pedro and the Cattelans againe defeated before Poblin the which hauing beaten to no purpose and spent many great shot hee raised his seege and came to Poblin thither on euery side came King Iohns people in such numbers as D. Pedro was constrained to fight againe where againe he was ouercome and lost a thousand foot men and two hundred and threescore horse As these exploits were performed in Cattalonia the Earle Gaston de Foix who gouerned Nauarre with his wife Donna Leonora called the Princesse of Viana by the aduise of those of his councell resolued to enterprise something vpon Castile in counterchange of the townes of La Garde Arcos and Saint Vincent which the Castillans had withheld since the last warre against the sentence giuen by the French King Hauing then with great dilligence and secrecy assembled great forces he forced easily and without losse of his people Calaorra taken by Gaston de Foix from the Spaniards the City of Calaorra to yeeld wherein he did a thing very pleasing and agreeable to the confederate Knights against King Henry which were within Auila with Prince Don Alphonso whose Ambassador remained in the Court of Nauarre This being done the Earle was aduised to send to the King of Castile to giue him to vnderstand that what he had done was not to breake the peace betweene Castile and Nauarre but onely in manner of reprisall in steed of the aboue mentioned townes which hee withheld belonging to the Kingdome wherevnto he had right and if it might please him to send some one or other to him to agree vpon some good composition according to right and equity he would then submit himselfe therevnto King Henry sent forthwith thither the licenciat Diego Henriques who spake proudly and audaciously to the Earle and the Princesse his wife about the taking of Calaorra They were chiefly ruled by the counsell of Nicholas
importance as this was The day following the King attempted the like and finding the like resistance would by force haue taken the passage but those of the guarde of the bridge did valiantly defend it and did kill and hurt diuers Portugois The King of Portugall forsaketh the citty of Zamora wherefore King Alphonso by the Archâ—Bishoppe of Toledoes councell withdrew his forces from the fight and hee with Donna Ioane his bethrothed wife left the Citty about midnight suspecting some treason in regard that the bridge alone made such resistance he being there in person The inhabitants at the same instant brought in Don Aluaro de Mendoza by an other gate who tooke and spoyled the Portugois which were left excepting a few who saued them-selues in the Cathedrall Church who on the morrow after by breake of day yeelded them-selues King Fernand the Admirall the Duke of Alua and other Lords beeing there arriued These soldiers were sent away without paying any ransome and carried their baggage away with them to Toro where their King remayned who to encourage his people sayd that the victory of a warre did not consist in the gayne or losse of a few townes or Citties but in the issue of a battaill the which alone would decide the quarrell about the succession of Castile and Leon for the which purpose hee did write to Prince Iohn his Sonne to make as great a leuy of soldiers in his Kingdome as possibly he could and with all speed to bring them to his aide King Fredinand beeing maister of Zamora beganne to better the Castle and caused the traytors to bee arraigned and condemned confiscating the goods of Iohn de Porras and others Whilest these matters were handled at Zamora Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villahermosa and the other Captaynes who beseeged the Castle of Burgos did continually batter it and gaue it many daungerous and rude assaults but they that were within it wanted no courage to defend them-selues And as the sentinells and those of the garde were reuiling one another an Alcayde or Sheriffe of Burgos called Alphouso de las Cueuas beganne to talke to those of the Castle and vsed such perswasiue reasons and arguments as they were resolued to hearken to some composition especially when they did see a great quarter of their wall beaten downe by meanes whereof they lay open to their enemies assaults therefore beeing sollicited they did capitulate about they yeelding of the castle vppon condition that all faults past should be forgiuen The Castle of Burges yeelded the which was granted by the Queene who for that regard came from Vailliodolit to Burgos and did receiue the Castle her owne selfe whereof shee made Diego de Ribera Gouernour who had beene tutor and bringer vppe of her brother the Prince Don Alphonso and hauing appoynted that which was requisite for the peace and quiet of the Cittie shee returned to Vailliodolit and from thence went to Tordesillas to the end to be neerer to the enemie the better to haue an eye to his enterprises and proceedings Thither Don Pedro of Estuniga eldest sonne to the Duke of Areualo did come to the Queene whose part hee had still taken and had shewed himselfe faithfull vnto her in regard whereof he was vnkindly vsed by his father and by Donna Leonora Pimentel his mother-in-law He besought the Queene to receiue the Duke his father into grace and fauour promising to put all that hee did possesse into her hands making an apologie and excusing the faults which hee had committed by reason of his decrepit age beeing wholly possessed and ruled by his second wife It did greatly displease the Queene to pardon him who had shewed himselfe so mortall and hatefull an enemie to the King her husband neuerthelesse for the sonnes sake shee did pardon the father and the whole family The title of the Dutchie was transposed from Areualo to the Cittie of Plaisance and euer afterward the Lords of the house of Estuniga became affectionate seruants to the King and Queene The warres continuing after this sort in Castile the French King inclining to the demaunds and perswations of the King of Portugall and bearing no great good will to the house of Arragon euer since the warre of Perpignan Alliance betwixt France and Castile sent a great armie into the Prouince of Guipuscoa vnder the conduct and commaund of Aman Lord of Abrit or Albret whose posteritie hath raigned in Nauarre as shall hereafter be declared Diuers Gentlemen and braue souldiers of the countrie of Guipuscoa vppon the report of the comming of this armie did shutte themselues vp in Fontaraby others went to Irun by which place the French-men were of necessitie to passe who did burne Irun and slue certaine men there they went vp and downe for the space of sixe weekes spoyling the countrie not once attempting or offering to beseege Fontarabie which was their chiefe desseigne In the meane time Iohn Lopes de Lascano and Sancho del campo entred the towne being sent from the Court with about fiftie horse at whose comming the souldiers which were within the towne made a salley and came foorth vnto the very limittes of Irun where they found about a thousand French-foote of the fore-ward of their armie with their Captaine Purguet of Bayonne who beeing assayled and set vppon on the sodaine through want of good and prouident watch Purquet a French Captaine defeated and hauing no faithfull discouerers were easily ouerthrowne and put to a disordered flight some of them in this confusion thinking to saue themselues in a Tower of a mannor-house belonging to those of Vrdaniuia they were there beseeged and burnt with Purguet their Captaine the Master of the same house being the first man that set fire thereunto The poore distressed souldiers to auoyde and escape the implacable torments of the mercilesse fire leaped out of the tower windowes in most desperate manner and were with scoffes and mockes receiued vppon the enemies pikes The Spanish Authours say that three hundred were there slayne and pittifully massacred besides diuers others that were captiuated and taken prisoners Soone after Don Diego Lopes de Sarmiento Earle of Salinas Captaine generall for the King and Queene came into the Prouince with certaine troupes of horse bringing letters to the worthie persons and chiefe Magistrates of Queene Izabella's country who with perswasiue admonitions exhorted the Guipuscoans to stand and continue faithfull to their Princes for which they were renowned aboue all other Prouinces of Spaine Now vppon the eighth day of Aprill this yeare one thousand An. 1476. foure hundred seuenty sixe beeing Saint Denis day the towne of Fontarabie was beseeged by the French where no matter of woorth was performed sauing some few light skirmishes with losse of men on either side for the space of fiue dayes onely whilest the seege continued for they easily found that in regard of the strength of the place it was to no purpose for them to tarrie there yet
in their outrages do bandon themseâ—ues against the king who requested that he might be confirmed in that dignity notwithstanding any pretence that Don Iohn de Estuniga Sonne to Don Aluaro Duke of Areualo could make vpon whom the Pope had bestowed it Both of them were answered that vpon hearing of the parties they should haue speedy iustice The Countesse and the Treasurer not contented therewith became enemies to the King and Queene and did cleaue to the King of Portugall Don Alphonso hauing forgotten how that when he was taken prisoner by the Captaine of Magançala in Extremadura the King had deliuered him and paide his ransome bestowing diuers other benefits vpon him Ambassadors from the French King Lewis the eleuenth arriued at Guadalupa to see the peace agreed vpon by the Commissioners at Saint Iohn de Luz to bee sworne and ratified There the Popes Bull was seene which dispensed with the King of Portugall about the marriage of Donna Ioane his Neece not without excuses on the Popes part who said that he had bin circumuented and sinisterly informed concerning that matter And to the end the French King should on his part sweare and ratifie the articles of the peace the same comissioners who had first treated thereof were sent into France to weet Don Iohn de Gamboa and the licenciat Don Iohn de Medina both of them of the Kings Councell It was likewise agreede vppon with the French Ambassadors that the towne of Perpignan with other fortresses of the Earledome of Rossillion should bee deliuered as hostages into the Cardinall of Spaines hands and that with in fiue yeares following arbitrators should decide whatsoeuer king Lewis could pretend to be due vnto him Whilest the Spanish Court remayned at Guadalupa God being willing to make peace betwixt Christian Princes in Spaine to the end they might haue leasure to vndertake more worthy enterprises did inspire Donna Beatrice Dutchesse of Viseo widdow to the Infant Don Ferdinand of Portugall Duke of Viseo and Mother to Donna Leonora marryed to Prince Iohn the eldest Sonne and heire of the Crowne of Portugall with a desire to imploy her vttermost credit and meanes for the effecting thereof This Princesse hauing sounded King Alphonsos mynde and finding him to be inclined to an agreement sent word to her neece Queene Isabell for shee was sister to her Mother Queene Isabell widdow to King Iohn yet liuing that if it would please her to come to the frontiers of Portugall shee did hope that some good agreement would be made betwixt them wher-vnto the Queene disposed her selfe with the consent of King Fernand her husband King Iohn of Aragon dyed about this time at Barcelona beeing foure score and one yeares of age Arragon hauing reigned in Nauarre fifty three yeeres and foure moneths and one and twenty yeares and sixe moneths in Arragon The death of Iohn King of Arragon hee was buried in the monastery of Pobleta By his last will and testament hee left his Sonne Don Fernand heire to his Kingdomes of Arragon and Sicill and his daughter Princesse Leonora widdow to Earle of Foix heire to the realme of Nauarre and soone after deputies were sent from the states of Arragon Cattalogne and Valencia to the Court of Spaine to request King Fernand to come and take possession of his dominions they came vnto him in an vnseasonable time by reason the Portugall warre was hotly beganne by the practises of the countesse of Medelin and Don Alphonso de Montroy the pretended maister of Alcantara The King and Queene were aduertised that the army of Portugall was in a redinesse to inuade the country of Extremadura Castille by reason whereof they called the Constable and other Spanish Knights to Court and sent forces to the frontiers with great garrisons to Badajos and other fortes of the same marches where Don Alphonso de Cardegnaâ— Maister of Saint Iames was generall who lodged his army at Lobon betwixt Badajos and Merida wherein the Tresorer of Alcantara remayned attending for the Portugalls and the Bishoppe of Ebora their Generall who came with an intent to ioyne with him to preuent which The Portugall army defeated at Albuhera the Maister of Saint Iames did march against the Bishoppe and gaue him battaile in the fieldes of Albuhera the which was fierce and bloudy on either side but the Portugalls were ouerthrowne and the Bishop taken although afterward he escaped away hauing lost their ensignes bagage and all the equigage and munition Batell of Albuhera the maister of Saint Iames and all the King of Castiles Captaines were hurt but aboue the rest the valour and prowesse of Don Martin de Cordoua Sonne to the Earle of Cabra of Sancho del Aquila of Alphonso Henriques and of Rodrigo de Cardegna Cosin to the Maister of Saint Iames was admirable the which Maister by his Iudgement and valour hauing gotten the King and Queene this victory was so charitable as with his owne mony hee releeued the dearth and famine which at that time did oppresse the country of Extremadura in regard whereof the King and Queene did acquit him of three Millions of Marauedis which he was to pay as apension vnto them out of the reuenew of his place After this battaile the Treasorer of Alcantara went to Deleitosa which had beene taken by Roderigo de Monroy his brother Defeate of the Spanish army by sea and the Bishoppe of Ebora went to Medellin to encourage the Countesse who perhaps was valianter than him-selfe Gods will was that the King of Portugall in recompence of this losse should by his army at sea take the fiue and thirty Spanish shippes which came from Guiney wherein was great store of gold which serued well to pay his soldiors and the prisoners to exchang for those which were taken at the land Battaile of Albuhera After this manner are the euents of ioy and sorrow mixed in this miserable world King Fernand beeing importuned to goe into Arragon and considering the notable vnion of those two Kingdomes being at that time at Trugillo where after hee had celebrated the obsequies of King Iohn his father hee treated with the Queene his wife and those of her councell about the forme of precedency and the order which should bee kept in the letters and writings concerning the titles of the realmes and dominions which he commanded diuers of them were of opinion that they should intitle themselues Kings of Spaine in regard the greatest part thereof did obey them but they not beeing willing to exceed the bounds of modesty nor yet to preiudice in that behalfe the Kings of Nauarre and Portugall with whome they were conioyned in bloud did place their titles after this manner Titles of King Fernand and Queene Isabell Frenand and Izabell by the grace of God King and Queene of Castile of Leon of Arragon of Sicill of Toldedo of Valencia of Galicia of Majorque of Siuill of Sardiâ—ia of Cordoua of Corsica of Murcia of Iaen of Algarbes
sudden sicknesse fifteene dayes after she was crowned in the same citie of Tudela she was buried in the couent of S. Sebastian of the Order of S. Francis neere to the citty of Tafalla which was since ruined by the commandement of Cardinall Francisco Ximeenes Archbishoppe of Toledo and Gouernour of Castile who thought that the strong building of that Monasterie was no good neighbour to such a towne Albeit we haue alreadie in the precedent booke spoken of this Princesses children yet wee will somewhat more amply enlarge the discourse thereof in this place Genealogie of Nauarre Their eldest sonne was Gaston who bearing the title of Prince of Viana was married to Donna Magdalene of France and dyed at Libourne beeing misfortunately hurt with the splinter of a Launce as hee there ranue at Tilt hee was father of two children that is to say Francis Phoebus and Katherine who were King and Queene of Nauarre and Earles of Foix successiuely the one after the other Their second sonne was Iohn who had the Vicounty of Narbonne for his portion purchased by his father for readie money and married Marie who was daughter to Lewis Duke of Orleance who was French king and the twelfth of that name Paradin sayes more truly that she was daughter to Charles Duke of Orleance of whome were borne Gaston of Foix Duke of Nemours who dyed in the battaile of Rauenna and Germaine who was second wife to Fernand the Catholicke King and after that shee was secondly married to Fernand of Arragon Duke of Calabria lawfull son to Fredericke king of Naples who dyed being Viceroy of Valencia This Iohn Vicount of Narbone was Gouernour of Daulphiné and afterwards of Guyenne a hardie and valiant Knight renowned in the warres against the English and in those of Italy whither hee went with King Charles the eighth in great credite and authoritie and afterwards dyed in the raigne of King Lewis the twelfth at Estampes where he lies buried The third sonne of Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora was Peter borne at Pau in the countrey of Bearne the yeare one thousand foure hundred forty nine who gaue himselfe to studie and did choose an ecclesiasticall life vnder the gouernement of his great Vncle the Cardinall of Foix Bishoppe of Lescar and the Popes Legate in Daulphiné and Prouence after whose death hauing profited at the Vniuersities of Tholousa Pauia and Ferrara in the ciuill and canon Lawes hee was also by Pope Sixtus the fourth made Cardinall of the title of Saint Cosmo and Damian beeing before Bishop of Vannes and prouided of many rich Benefices by the fauour of Francis Duke of Brittaine his brother-in law who had married his sister Ladie Margaret of Foix mother to Queene Anne The fourth sonne of the Earle of Foix and of Donna Leonora was called Iames hee onely of all their children was borne in Nauarre and was a Knight highly esteemed and honoured by King Lewis the twelfth with the Order of Saint Michaell and with the leading of an hundred men at armes in the warres of Lombardie and elsewhere he purchased the commendation of a valiant and wise Captaine but hee dyed young hauing not attayned to the age of thirtie yeares and was neuer married Hee left certaine base children who professed an ecclesiasticall life and did possesse rich benefices euen till the later dayes of King Francis the first Besides these foure sonnes Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora had fiue daughters the first whose name was Mary was married to William Marquis of Montferrat who by the Popes authoritie erected the church of Casall into a Bishops Sea this Ladie was brought to her husband the yeare one thousand foure hundred sixtie sixe by her brother Peter of Foix by Bernard the Bastard of Foix Godfrey Basileac Bishoppe of Riues by the Bishop of Conserans and Peter of Sobreuille and by diuers other Lords and Knights Of this marriage no male children were borne but daughters onely the eldest of whom was married to Lewis sonne to Thomas Marquis of Salusses and these daughters did not succeed their father in the Marquisat but a brother of his Ioane second daughter of Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora was married to the Earle of Armagnac sonne to him who was slaine by the commaundement of King Lewis the eleuenth with which marriage the King beeing displeased the Earle was so persecuted as hee was constrained to flie for safetie into Castile where trusting to the faire speeches oathes and promises of the Cardinall of Albi the French Kings Ambassadour in the sayd kingdome beeing returned into France hee was there cruelly stabbed to death with daggers Whereuppon his wife Donna Ioane of Foix returned into Bearne hauing had no children by him The third daughter was Marguerite wife to Francis the last Duke of Brittaine by whome hee had two daughters Anne and Izabella Izabella dyed young but Anne was married to two French Kings successiuely Charles the eighth and Lewis the twelfth by Lewis she had two daughters Claude and Rene Claude who was first promised to Charles who was since king of Spain and afterwards Emperor the fifth of that name did marrie Francis of Valois then duke of Angoulesme and afterwards French king first of that name Rene was married to Hercules of Este duke of Ferrara the Earle Gaston and his wife D. Leonora had besides these Catherine married to the Earle of Candale and mother of 3. children the eldest of whome was Lord of Candale the second Arch-bishoppe of Bourdeaux and the third who was a daughter named Anne Queene of Hungarie and Bohemia wife to Vladislaus son to Casimir King of Polonia This Vladislaus first king of Bohemia had before married Donna Beatrix of Arragon widdow to King Mathias of Hungarie for whose sake the Hungarians chose him for their King but he was diuorced from her in regard of her loose life and afterwards maried this Ladie Anne of Foix who was brought to her husband thorough the Dutchie of Milan at that time possessed by the French and by the cittie of Venice the great friend and ally of this King Leonardo Lauredan being at that time Duke thereof Of this marriage was borne Lewis who succeeded his father in the kingdomes of Bohemia and Hongarie husband to Queene Marie of Castile who was sister to the Emperour Charles and a daughter named Anne married to Ferdinand of Austria afterwards Emperour and Brother to Charles and by her king of Bohemia and Hungarie after the death of his father-in-law King Lewis of the which Fernand and Anne the Emperour Maximilian was borne and many other children the fifth daughter of Earle Gaston and Donna Leonora of Nauarre dyed vnmarried beeing onely promised to the Duke of Medina Celi issued from the same house of Foix and was called after her mothers name Leonora This house of Foix and Nauar hath brought foorth this of spring of great and illustrious Princes giuing to Christendome at one time foure Queenes who were cousin-germaines namely Catherine Queene of Nauar Germaine
seate whereof was transported to Logrogno for better ease and commodity The knowledge of these Iudges Inquisitors did at the same time chiefely extend to the Iewes and Moores which were conuerted and yet neuerthelesse did secretly adhere to their old sects then to heretikes and such as were reuolted from the Catholike saith to Magitians Blasphemers and those that were attainted with the sinne against nature The generall Inquisition remayning at Court neere to the Kings person did rule and were chiefe ouer all these other Tribunalls At the same time Pope Sixtus the fifth did allow and authorize all that the Cardinall and his Councell had decreed concerning that matter and he did confirme the election of frier Thomas of Torquemada of the order of the Preachers and Prior of the Monastery of Santa Cruz in Segobia vnto whom Diego de Merla the Assistant of Siuill and Pero Martines Camagno the Kings Secretary were ioyned as coadiutors The first effect of the Inquisition after that it was ordained was to set downe an edict that all Heretikes and Apostotaes should appeare and re-unite themselues to the Church of Rome acknowledging their offences More then seuenteene thousand persons did appeare at this commaundement who were enioyned what to say and doe then they proceeded against the obstinate and rebellious more then two thousand of them were burned and their goods confiscated and taken from their children and heires the same sentence was executed vpon those that were absent and dead Sharpe and rigorous executions of the Inquisitions digging vp their bones and burning them in such sort as the Inquisition continuing thus rigorous great numbers did leaue Castile and with-drew themselues into the Kingdomes of Nauarre and Portugall others went into France England and to other farre Countries Let vs now returne vnto the Court which was then at Valiodolit where the Queene of Castile was accompanied after the accustomed manner with a greate traine of Ladies and Gentlewomen the Nobility who in these latter times giue themselues wholie to the exercize of armes and doe for the most part contemne all other course of life which causeth them and not without cause to be esteemed of all men as people very vnproffitable in time of peace did in this Court thinke vpon nothing else then for to serue and court the Ladies and Gentlewomen and gaue themselues to such other like vaine and idle pleasures accustomed in Princes Courts and most of all in that of Spaine from whence did spring such fruites as vice doth produce namely quarrels and dishonour and losse which euills had almost spred themselues from the particular to the generall corrupting the publike peace by troubles seditions and mutinous wars Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman Quarrel betwixt D. Frederike Henques and Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman sonne to Don Gonçall de Guzman Lord of Torall being in an euening in talke with Donna Maria Manuel in the Queenes presence Chamber was interrupted in his speech by Don Frederike Henriques eldest sonne to the Admirall who either thorough the insolency of his youth or else to content Don Guttiere de Sottomajor his brother-in-law who made loue to that Lady and was loath to haue an other man walke in his purlewes caused Don Ramir to arise as hee sate by her making as though he would haue gonne by him to haue spoken with Don Marine Zapate and sodainely sate downe in his place by her whereat Don Ramir beeing offended beganne to murmure against Don Frederike so as they threatned to bastinado one an other and fell to bitter and reproachfull speeches in such manner as Don Ramir Nugnes his honour was greatly interessed for Don Frederike going forth of the Queenes lodging called him drunkard and base fellow with many such like bitter termes The Queene hauing notice of this quarrell commaunded both of them to depart forth of the pallace then shee confined Don Frederike to the Admirall his fathers lodgings and committed Don Ramir Nugnes to the keeping of Garci Laso de la Vega Maister of the Hall vntill it were knowne who was in the fault as also to keepe them from hurting one an other in action as they had done a little before in words Hauing vnderstood afterwards that Don Frederike had committed the greatest insolency her will was to haue them still to keepe their Chambers till such time as shee had made them friends Notwithstanding which commaundement of the Queenes Don Frederike went abroad to a turnament which was held the next day following by reason whereof the Queene was extreamely mooued against him and the Admirall his father and told them that if they went about to vse their power against Don Ramir Nugnes hee should finde those to take his part as would not suffer him to susteine any wrong or iniury at their hands The Admirall finding the Queene to bee much displeased did beginne to humble himselfe and did assure her that Don Ramir needed not to feare any wrong either from himselfe his sonne or any of their followers wherewith the Queene being contented did permit Don Ramir freely to goe out and come into the palace acquainting him with what the Admirall had promised her bidding him to relie vpon her word and to walke abroade vnder her royall safe-gard and protection Don Ramir was well assured by her Princely and comfortable words and. Don Frederike had saluted him and talked familiarly with him and met diuerse times for the space of three daies togither yet notwithstanding this outward shew of reconcilement Don Ramir was vpon a day bastonaded as hee walked in the streetes by certaine persons vnknowne vnto him who presently after hauing their horses ready galloped away The Queene beeing aduertized of this disgrace offered to Don Ramir contrary to the Admirals promise and her owne royall assurance did rigorously pursue the Admirall and did not leaue hauing seized vpon two of the chiefest places that he had namely the castle of Simancas and â—iosecco vntill shee had his sonnes person in her power saying that those blowes lighted vpon her selfe and that she had felt them and that shee would know whether it were the manner of Spaine that Kings should bee so contemned and despised by their subiects The Admirall notwithstanding that hee was the Kings vncle was constrained to deliuer his sonne Don Frederike to the Queene with promise that he should receiue no harme in his person who by the Queenes commaundement who would not see him was sent prisoner to the castle of Areualo Don Ramir hauing receiued this disgrace went to Torall with an intent to bee reuenged in a most rigorous manner Effects of immoderate choller and was very glad to heaâ—e of his Aduersaries imprisonment but not contenting himselfe with the right which the Queene ment to doe him he inuented meanes how to bee reuenged on him with his owne hands wherefore diuers nights togither he caused the castle of Areualo to bee watched whether that he might finde any meanes to enter the same and to
if Don Ramir Nugnes had done any thing for the recouery of his honour it was not a fault that did deserue to haue him spoiled of his patrimony and goods left him by his predecessors therefore he besought the Queene to proceed in this businesse by order of law and if that Don Ramir should be found guilty Quarrell betweene D. Ramâ—r Nugnes de Guzman and D. Frederike Henriques then to punish him with these speeches they entertained La Font and gained time to the end that Don Ramir might haue leasure to fortifie himselfe Whilest La Font went to the Court the souldiars did much hurt in the country neere to Torall and prouoked the Inhabitants and souldiars which were within the towne to come forth and skirmish with them albeit that Don Pedro de Guzman with-held them from so doing as much as in him lay for hee would not giue that aduantage to Don Ramires aduersaries to say that those of Torall had fought against the Queenes forces who commaunded Alphonso de Quintanilla to vse all fit meanes that hee could to take the towne and castle of Torall Alphonso hauing demaunded to speake with Don Pedro de Guzman and Pero Nugnes his Nephew acquainted them with the Queenes resolution exhorting them not to delay the time till they brought the canon they answered that they would in no sort shew themselues rebellious to the Queenes commaundement but they onely entreated that Don Ramir might be proceeded against by the ordinary meanes of Iustice which beeing graunted they were ready not onely to yeeld vp Torall but the castle of Auiados in like manner and namely if need required to put Don Ramirs person into the hands of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in hostage or to Don Gomes Suares de Figueroa Earle of Feria the which was agreed vpon betwixt them and signed by a Notarie and a truce made betwixt the beseegers and beseeged whilest that Alphonso de Quintillana might goe and come from the Court That Queene was at the same time gone to Cordoua wherefore Alphonso being come to Valiodolit and hauing conferred with the Admirall sent the dispatch to Cordoua to the Queene who appointed for depositor of D. Ramirs lands and person the Earle of Feria who had married D. Constance D. Ramirs Aunt the Earle accepted it vpon condition that he should be aduertized fiue and twenty daies before the sentence should bee pronounced and that the Kings should promise him by writing not to demaund Don Ramirs person during the time of the processe for he would assure him whilest he was in his power On the other side Don Ramir sent to the King of Portugall to know whether that if it should happen that a sentence should be pronounced against him which might touch his life and honour hee would permit him to come into his Kingdome and Court in safety These things being graunted Don Ramir was brought to the castle of the towne of Feria for greater surety and there kept in prison vntill his processe was ready to be iudged and then the Kings according to their promise did aduertize the Earle of Feria thereof at the appointed time who sent Don Ramir well accompanied into Portugall where King Iohn the second of that name did then reigne who entertained him very curteously as shal be hereafter declared Queene Isabella as hath beene said made a voyage into Arragon The States of Arragon sweare to Prince Iohn and carried thither with her her husband Iohn Prince of the Asturia's and was receiued into the city of Calatajub with great and magnificent triumph whether the King came not long after who at the same time was at Barcelona with the Lords and Deputies of the States of Arragon by whom Prince Iohn was likewise sworne vnto and acknowledged for Prince of Girona heire vnto Castile and Arragon and true successor in these Kingdomes the Kings in like manner did sweare and promise to maintaine the rights priuiledges and exemptions of the country That being done they went to Saragossa where they made as triumphant an entry as at Calatajub Thither was newes brought of the death of the great Turke Mahumet of the succession of his sonne Bajazet in that Empire and of the discord betwixt him and his brother Zemin and also how that King Fernand of Naples had recouered the towne of Ottranto which Acomat Bascia had taken from him the yeere before For all which desired newes the Kings yeelded thankes vnto God by generall processions after the accustomed manner Estates at Barcelona and Valencia The Kings did in like manner assemble the Estates at Barcelona and Valencia where the like othes were made vnto Prince Iohn as next future heire but touching the subsidies they demaunded it was impossible to obtaine any and they were faine on the contrary to grant many things to the people and in diuerse sorts to supply their wants being but poore euer since the last warre that the Cattelans made against the King Don Iohn Don Iohn the second of that name and 13. King of Portugall ABout the same time died Alphonso King of Portugall at Sintra who since the last warres betwixt him and Castile Portugal had euer led a melancholy and discontented life he lay sicke fiue and twenty daies and deceased the three and fortith yeere of his reigne being of the age of nine and forty yeeres and seuen monthes his body was buried with great solemnitie and funerall pompe in the royall Monastery of the battaile of the Order of the Friers preachers the Catholike Kings remayning still at Barcelona did there celebrate his obsequies After him reigned his sonne D. Iohn father to D. Alphonso who did not succeed him because he died before his father as hereafter shal be mentioned King Fernand hauing ordered the affaires of Arragon Castile Cattalonia and Valencia returned with the Queene his wife into Castile where during her absence the Constable and the Admirall were appointed Viceroys who committed the Earles of Luna and Valence to prison in regard of certaine tumults and seditions which they had raised in the Kingdome of Leon. The Court remayning at that time at Medina del Campo happened as hath beene heretofore declared the reuenge of D. Ramir Nugnes de Guzman against the Admirall There arose at the same time a new contention betwixt the Kings of Castile and the Pope wherein they shewed no want of courage The Episcopall Sea of Cuença was vacant by the decease of the Bishop Pope Sixtus gaue it to a Nephew of his borne in Genoa Cardinall of the title of Saint George without the knowledge or consent of the Kings who being highly displeased that the Bishoprikes and great benifices of Spaine should be possessed by strangers against the ancient decrees of the Estates of the Kingdome obserued from time to time did hinder this Cardinall from taking possession of the Bishoprike and gaue the Pope to vnderstand how preiudiciall it might be to the Realmes of Spaine whereof the Pope making
resolued to make himselfe a Iesuite and to leaue his temporall estates whereunto he was admitted by father Inigo of Loyola author of that Order The duke and doctor Anthonie being returned into Spaine the duke made renunciation of the duchie of Gandie and of his other lands vnto his sonne D. Charles Borgia and of Arragon in the Iesuits College of Ognate where he tooke the habite and receiued all the Orders and soone after he would that his second sonne D. Iohn Borgia and of Arragon should marry D. Laurencâ— of Loyola and Ognez daughter to D. Bertrand of Loyola nephew to father Inigo who with the aid and fauour of cardinall Iohn Mouron did build the Germane colledge at Rome to instruct the youth of that nation against Luthers doctrine Before his death he saw sixeteene Prouincialls of his Institution and Order and aboue a hundred and seuentie colledges the which since haue multiplied strangely He died at Rome in the yeare 1556 being threescore and one yeeres old hee was buried in the chiefe house and head of that Order called Sancta Maria de la Strada We haue seen the abouenamed D. Francisco Borgia d' Arragon generall of this Order in our time There are three sorts of religious in it one of profest who can hold no goods the other probationers and the third collegialls and it is lawfull for these two to possesse what they will Sect of Theatins differs from the Iesuites The Iesuits are not Theatins for they whom they called Theatins had an other beginning and another kind of life they were certaine gentlemen and others moued with deuotion who gaue themselues to prayers singing and other such works and were first called of the company of the loue of God to whom there being ioyned Iohn Peter Carrafa a Neapolitane bishop of Chieti and being reputed as a worthy man the head of those religious they began to call them Chietins and then corrupting the word Theatins These Chietins were in credit in the time of pope Clement the seuenth who by reason of the sacke of Rome being retired to Ostia and there finding certaine Venetian gallies they past to Venice and there made their abode eleuen yeares before that Inigo of Loyola and his companions came there The Iesuits comming afterwards from Venice to Rome for that they could not performe their voyage to the holy Land the people thought that they were the Chietins or Theatins which were returned and confounded these two Orders through ignorance whereof there is great difference This Iohn Peter Carrafa came afterwards to be pope and was called 〈◊〉 the fourth Of the Theatins there are not many other colledges or houses to be found but at Venice Rome Naples and Pauia The Iesuits are also called in Arragon Iniguists of the name of their author and in Portugall Apostles but in all other places Iesuits according to the Popes Bulles and Briefes This we find in the Spanish Histories of the Institution of the Iesuits inserted here of purpose at the time of the reuolt at Pampelone in the yeare 1521 where Inigo of Loyola their first Institutor was There was at that time an ample subiect prepared for these Iesuites to practise their charities and withall a fit and pleasing abode for them and other religious Spaniards at the west Indies by Fernand Cortes who hauing runne along the coasts of the firme land at this new world going vp Northward and there by sundry conquests hauing drawne vnto him many of those Indian people he entred into the country and assailed the city of Mexico took it and conquered that realme with an incredible facilitie Mexico at the Indies taken by the ChristiaÌ„s It is at this present called Noua Hispania This great citie which was one of the wonders of the world by reason of the situation was taken in August this yeare 1521 where the king Motezumâ— was slaine and aboue a hundred thousand of his subiects Returning now to the historie of Nauarre we say that as soone as the duke of Nagera was retired they of Pampelone did choose the signior of Osoien for their captaine who had serued the catholike king Monsieur AsperauÌ„t pursuing his conquests was met in the Pyrenee mountaines by some deputies of the valley of Roncal who yeelded him obedience and gaue him aduertisement of the estate of the couâ—trie with whom hee past to Pampelone The lord of Asperaut makes himselfe master of Pampelone and made himselfe master thereof in the name of king Henrie D. Lewis of Beaumoâ—t earle of Lerin desired to come to him but they refused him a safeconduct for his returne The lord of Asperaut finding no resistance in the whole realme he reduced it in few days vnder the obedience of its naturall king and making vse of the ciuile wars of Castille hauing good intelligence with the comminalties he past the riuer of Ebro and laid siege to Logrogne Logrogne besieged by the French through a rash and ill digested councell D. Pedro Velez of Gueuare had put himselfe into the place with some souldiers who resisted the French armie vertuously they being much fauored by the victorie of Villa Laria which the viceroys of Castille had woon against the commons by reason whereof the Victors aduanced with the Duke of Nagera who had leuied men from Burgos vnto the sea making his sonne D. Iohn Manrique de Lara colonell of the Guipuscoans a yong Lord but fifteene yeares old and of the Biscains Gomes Gonsales de Butron French retire from Logrogne Lord of Muxica and of Butron which forces being great forced the French to raise their siege and repassing the riuer to returne into Nauarre the Castillan army following them so neere as whereas the French supâ— the Castillans dined the next day The armies beeing come neere vnto Pampelone the Lord of Asperraut being accompanied by many Nauarrois was of opinion to turne head and to hazard a battell but very inconsideratly for at that time he was not strong enough to incounter the power which came against him neyther had he the patience to attend some of his forces which were at Tafalla with the seignior of Ollaoqui and at Pampelone and a new Ieuie of sixe thousand Nauarrois which might haue ioyned with him the next day or the day after wherefore being neere one vnto another after that the artillery had played when they came to ioyne the French horsemen behaued themselues woorthily Rout of the lord of Asperaâ—t and the French army at Noayn but the footemen who were most part Gascoins could not indure the force of the Castillans but were presently put to rout which made them to giue the field and to leaue the victory vnto the viceroyes In this battell which was giuen neere vnto the borough of Noayn and the port of Reniega there died of French and Nauarrois is neere fiue thousand and amongst them D. Charles of Mauleon and D. Iohn of Saraza captaine Martin and Charles of Nauasques or of Nouailles the
the next day but somewhat late towards Tremessen lodging two leagues from the citie being continually molested by the Moores with often charging and flying away The king was in Tremessen where hee had leuied what souldiers he could both of horse and foot hauing entertained about 400 Turkes which were in garrison vpon that coast so as the next morning the earle did with great iudgement put his men in battell left that being farre inferiour in nuÌ„ber to the enemy he should be inuironed by so great a multitude disordered being charged in front flanke and rere and therefore he so disposed of his troupes both horse and foot as they might fight and succour one another fortifying his rereward as much as might be for that he vnderstood they had laied an ambush and would charge them behind They had sent the woman and children with their richest mooueables into the mountaines which were neere to preserue them whatsoeuer should happen and the king hauing disposed of his troupes would not be present at the battell but attend the euent in a place of safetie The two armies being ioyned the Spaniards shewed no lesse valour then was needful the enemies foreward being greater then all their army and although the Moores in the beginning shewed great resolutioÌ„ discharged a great volley of shot yet they did it so disorderly and so far of as there was not any one slain and but three lightly hurt the Spaniards giuing them no time to charge again the horse coÌ„ming vpon them with great violence the fight continued about two houres and the General hauing placed some loose shot in the head of the foreward they made a great spoile of the Moores and Turkes so as in the end the enemy was put to rout on that side whilest that they fought with great obstinacy in the rereward Thither the earle sent two companies who charged with such resolution as the Spaniards taking new courage the enemie being amazed hauing seen their companions put to rout the battell was ended hauing continued about three houres the Christians won the victorie but there was no great slaughter of the Moores who desired rather to saue themselues by flight than by fighting obstinatly to giue their enemies any cause to feare a new incounter King of Tâ—emessen defeated by the Spaniards flâ—â—s The king of Tremessen who expected the doubtfull euent of this battel hauing a signe giuen him by smoak that it was lost he prouided for his safety by flight among the rest the earle of Alcadette did win great honor in this battell both for his valor and iudgement being worthily imitated by his three sons D Alfonso D Francisco D. Aluaro the first leading a part of the foreward the secoÌ„d of the rereward D. Alfonso of Villaruolo marshall of the field D. Martin of Cordoua D. Iohn Pacieco with other noblemen of marke were much commended for their prowesse that day This victorie was won the fift of Februarie the victor hauing lost few men and most of them were slaine with crosbows whereof there were not aboue a hundred among the Moores and aboue fiue thousand Harquebuziers The Spaniards desirous to enter the Towne the generall sought to stay them that night fearing the slaughter would be great or there wold be some great disorder committed in the sacke wherfore he lodged the army without the towne among certain Oliue trees giuing good instructions vnto the captains to preuent all dangers which might grow by their too great confidence of the victorie or the disorders which doe accompany spoiling as it hath often fallen out either by the small authority of the generall or by indiscretion on want of militarie discipline About this time the state of Tunes which the emperor had conquered and restored to Muley Hascen fell into great combustions 1545 he hauing only retained Goulette Moores 42. with an homage and small tribute for the kings of Spain Muley Hascen king of Tunes dispossest again as we haue said The occasion was that Muley Hascen being desirous to confer with the emperor had past into Sicile with an intent to come vnto him to Genoa or wheresoeuer he should be at his last passage out of Spaine after which hee came to Naples and meaning to continue his course by sea he was staied there some daies by a tempest during the which D. Pedro de Toledo viceroy of Naples receiued a commandement to will him not to depart from thence vntill hee receiued farther newes from the emperour who was busied with the warres of France and would not haue any thing to diuert him This king as it was reported had a meaning to demand some forces against the Turkes which held Constantine a towne within his realme the which was rich and strong and did much annoy him and for that at the time of his passage into Sicile Barberousse was at Marseille hee feared also that in his returne he would fall vpon him He thought in like maner that in leauing the countrie he should auoid some great accident wherewith the starres did threaten him if hee remained in Afrike at that season this prince being studious of Astrologie Moores curious and superstitious and too credulous of such diuinations During his absence such as loued him not and desired some Innouation in the state bruted it out that the king was dead at Naples after that he had beene baptized and prest his Sonne Amida who had the command of certaine garrisons which were appointed to withstand the inuasions of the Turkes and the thefts of the Alarabes which did adhere vnto them to hasten his comming vnto the Citie Sonne dispossesseth the father and to seaze vpon the Castle and his fathers treasure before that his younger brother called Mahumet who remained in hostage at Goulette should preuent him and make himselfe king with the helpe of Francis de Touar then Gouernour of the fort Amida did easily credit that which it may bee he desired and although in the beginning he found some resistance which was made him by the Manufette of Tunes Amida incestuous who as it is were the kings Lieutenant general in that Countrie yet in the end hee preuailed and slue all his fathers friends seruants yea hee abused his wiues and concubines These newes being broght to Naples Muley Hascen was much troubled making great hast to depart he made great instance to haue some forces the which hee obtained of the viceroy who suffered him to leuie 1800 men such as were banished condemned by justice to whom impunitie was promised if they went to this war they had a gentleman of the countrie appointed for their commander whose name was Baptista Lofredo with which troupe the King did assure himselfe that hee should bee able to surprise his rebellious sonne before hee were setled Being come to Goulette the Gouernour sought to dissuade him from going into the Towne no not to approach too neere before hee vnderstood
how the people were affected and whether there were any men of authoritie of his faction to assist him notwithstanding that some Africanes came to visite him promising him by ceremonies othes setting their daggers against their throates according to their manner to aide him and to die with him if neede were whome the gouernour wisht him not to trust Notwithstanding all that Touar could say vnto the king and to Lofredo they would needs march towards the towne bâ—t before they came thither they knew that they had beene well aduised by Toâ—ar for they fell into an ambush which Amida had laâ—ed for them and were charged by so great a multitude of horse and foot as they had no meanes to saue themselues In this defeat there were slaine aboue thirteene hundred Christians vpon the place the rest with great difficulty recouered Goulette disarmed hauing cast them away and wounded Defeat of Christians Among the which the king had escaped had hee not beene discouered by the persumes wherewith hee was annointed according to his custome whereupon he was hotly pursued and taken Being deliuered to his wicked sonne hee caused his eyes to be presently put out the like crueltie hee vsed to Nahasar and Abdulas his younger brethren King of Tunes taken who were taken with the king to whome hee reproached that hee did him but justice for that he had in like maner made his Vncles blinde Crueltie of the sonne to his father and Bretheren and in the end had slaine them to raigne Which being done Amida renued with Francis of Touar all the conuentions and accords which his father had made with the emperor and did the same homage The which Touar thought good to accept by prouision applying himselfe to the time drawing for that hee would not seeme to carefull of that which had hapned a certaine number of ducats from the new tyrant who also deliuered twenty knights Rabatins of the blind kings gard who had been imprisoned for that they had shewed themselues too affectionat to his seruice yeelding vp also the ensignes which had beene taken from Lofredo and his body without a head that they might burie it after the maner of Christians And moreouer Amida deliuered into his hands for hostage a sonne of his called Seithen But notwithstanding all this Francis de Touar detesting the fact of Amida as vnworthie to bee tollerated by the emperour hee did aduertise Abdamelec one of the bretheren of Mâ—ley Hascen who had escaped with Araxid and liued then in exile with a Lord of Numidia called Aneniseba wishing him to come speedily to Tunes hauing wacht an opportunitie by the absence of Amida who was gone to Biserte to receiue that rich custome of fishing which was neere Abdamelec was not sloathfull but comming secretly to Goulette hee found meanes to enter into Tunes by night with a good number of horse which had accompained him going directly to the Castle with his head and his face couered and wrapt in a sheet after the maner of the Countrie where hee was receiued without any difficultie they thinking it to bee Amida who was returned from Biserte but they soone found their owne error and being amazed thought to fall 10 armes but they that were most forward were presently slaine and the rest so terrified Amida dispossest by Abdamelec his vncle as they yeelded Abdamelec being Master of the Castle hee caused many of the towne which did fauour him to come by whome hee was saluted and acknowledged for king of Tunes but hee raigned but thirtie and sixe daies dying of a pestilent burning feuer Before his death hee drew Muley Hascen out of prison who receiued this good from him whome hee had persecuted and retyred to Goulette where hee had left in the hands of Francis Touar many jewels and mooueables of great price whereof hee gaue him no verie good accompt The Tunesians in Abdamelecs place did choose for their king a Sonne of his called Mahumet being but twelue yeares old to whome they gaue foure cheefe men for Councellors and Gouernors of his youth which were Abdâ—lages who held the dignitie and office of Manufete Abdelchiriâ— Mesuar which is another dignitie and Xerife borne at Bugia Disloyaltie of the Regeâ—ts to the young king of Tunes a Moore learned in the law of Mahumet and with them one Iohn Perell of the order of the Rabatins Abdelchirin for that hee was an honest man was slaine by his companions who afterwards made a Friumuirat betwixt them committing all excesse and villanie contemning the kings youth and promising vnto themselues all impunitie Among other insolencies Perel hauing seised vpon the Serrail where the wiues and concubines of Amida were he rauisht them all which haply was the greatest displeasure Amida receiued for those people are wonderfull jealous of their wiues but he tooke a cruell reuenge Reuenge of Amida hauing soone after surprised the citie with the helpe of his friends and partisans so suddenly as the young king had scarce leasure to get into a little barke and flie to Goulette he caused Perel to be cruelly tortured and hauing cut off his priuie parts the instruments of his sinne he caused him to be burnt aliue in the market place He put them also to death which had adhered to Abdamelec and among others fortie Rabatines whose bodies were eaten with dogs a punishment which he vsed for them which had committed any haynous offence causing them to be torne in peeces aliue and denoured by his famished dogs Amida raigned aboue fifteene yeares after vntill that Aluch Ali whom they called Locciali gouernour of Alger depriued him surprising the towne in the yeare 1560 which hath euer since beene held by the Turke but for some short interruption whereof D. Iohn of Austria was the cause as we will shew As for the poore king Muley Hascen he caused himselfe to be conducted to Naples and from thence went to the Emperour to Ausburg where he reported his misfortunes and complained much of Francis de Touar who detained his jewels The Emperour ended this difference by a composition made betwixt the parties and he appointed that Muley Hascen should haue apention paid him during his life by the Sicilians and so he was sent back into Italie and Touar soone after called home from his gouernment ⧠THE 28 BOOKE OF THE Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 BIrth of D. Carlo prince of Spaine 2 Agreement betwixt Pope Paul the third and the Emperour Charles to make warre against the Protestants of Germanie 3 Warre betwixt the Portugals and Turkes at the East Indies 4 Mariage of Ioane of Albret heire of Nauarre with Anthonie duke of Bourbâ—n 5 D. Philip prince of Spaine goes into Flanders 6 Muley Basan a prince of the Moores demaunds succours in Spaine 7 Councell transferred from Trent to Bolonia 8 Sedition at Peru for the gouernment 9 Octauio Farnese excommunicated cause of new warre betwixt France and Spaine 10 League betwixt the princes of Germanie
in Iulie some say he was poisoned Death of the Prince of Spain others write that he was strangled by foure slaues He was buried in the Monasterie of S. Dominike the royall at Madrid whereas the king D. Pedro the cruel had beene interred Peter Mathew in his French Historie writing of the life and death of king Philip the second he sets downe a formall proceeding of the father against his Sonne in this action the which for that this subiect is so rare and memorable I haue thoght good also to insert After the Princes restra int◠Mathews vpon the death of Prince Charles as wee haue saied the king saith hee propounded to his Councel of conscience what punishment a kings son deserued that had made leagues against his estates and conspired against his fathers life and whether hee might be called in question His Councell laied two remedies before him both iust and possible the one of grace and the other of Iustice and punishment shewing him the difference betwixt the mercie of a father and the sinceritie of a king saying that if by his clemencie he did pardon them which loued him not hee must of force pardon that creature which should be most deare vnto him They desired him to imitate the emperour Charlemaigne who imputed the first conspiracie of his Sonne Pepin against him to the follies of youth for the second he confined him into a Monasterie protesting that he was a father not a king nor a iudge against his Sonne The king answered that by the law of nature he loued his Son better than himselfe but by the law of God the good and safetie of his subiects was to be preferred Moreouer hee demanded if knowing the miseries which the impunitie of his Sonnes offences would breed whether he might with a safe conscience pardon him and not be guiltie of these miseries Whereat his Diuines shrunke in their shoulders and with teares in their eies said that the safetie and health of his subiects ought to be dearer vnto him than his sonnes and that hee ought to pardon offences but such crimes should bee supprest as abhominable monsters Hereupon the king committed his Sonne to the censure of the Inquisitors commending them not to respect his authoritie no more than the meanest within his kingdome and to regard the qualitie of his Sonne as if he were borne a king making no distinction thereof with the partie accused vntill they found that the excesse of his offence would no more admit of this consideration remembring that they carried in their soules a liuelie image of the king which had iudged Angels and should without distinction iudge kings and the Sonnes of kings like vnto other men referring al vnto their consciences and discharging his owne The Inquisitors Iudgement of the inquisitors against the Prince of Spain for that he was charged to haue practised with Castillion Admirall of France the prince of Orange and other enemies of the Romish◠Religion declared him an heretike and for that hee had conspired against his fathers life they condemned him to die The king was his accuser and the Inquisitors his iudges but the sentence was signed by the king which done they presented many kinds of death in picture vnto the prince to make choise of the easiest In the end he demanded if there were no pitie in his father to pardon him no fauour in his Councell for a Prince of Spaine nor any wisdome to excuse the follies of his youth when as they told him that his death was determined could not be reuoked and that all the fauour was in the choise of the easiest death hee said that they might put him to what death they pleased that there was no choise of any death seeing that they could not giue him that which Caesar held to be the best These words deliuered with passion were followed with a thousand imprecations against his fortune against the inhumanity of his father and the crueltie of the Inquisition repeating these words often O miserable Sonne of a more miserable father He had some daies giuen him to prepare himselfe for death 1568 One morning foure slaues entred into his chamber who awaking him put him in mind of his last houre and gaue him some time to prepare himselfe vnto God He start vp suddenly and fled to the bed post but two of them held his armes and the third his feet and the fourth strangled him with a cord of silk Many hold that he died of letting blod his feet being put in warm water But Campana in the life of Philip 2 writes that being in prison he fel verie sick by reason of his disordred diet and drinking too much cold water wherewith his stomack grew so weake as he could not digest any meat which the Phisitions could not helpe so as hee died as he affirms of this sicknes verie religiously and penitenly to the great griefe of the king the whol state moreouer he writes that the king being much perplexed for this great losse retired himselfe into his chamber with two seruants wold not giue any audience then for many daies into the monasterie of S. Ierosme a mile without the town sequestring himself of al affairs writing only to princes potentates causing his secretaries to write vnto all his realms states of the death of his deare only son Thus writers discourse diuersly of the death of this Prince the which I leaue to the iuditious Reader to beleeue what he shall thinke most probable Within foure months after the death of the Prince D. Carlo Death of the queen of Spain the Queene D. Isabella his mother in law died also being broght in bed of her third child before her time the Phisitiōs hauing ignorātly caused her to take too much Phisick fering some other infirmitie this was the brute of the court of Spain But in France they had reason to think that the life of this princesse was shortned like vnto that of D. Charles by some notable malice by the same instruments For they to whom D. Isabella did belong in bloud had been verie carefull to auer the causes maner of her death but not so resolute to call it in question as Clouis sons were to reuenge the iniurie done vnto their Sister in Spaine where she also had beene maried As for the Prince Turkett it was verie cōmon in Spain that the great hatred the king bate him grew rather from the suggestions and reports of others than from his own misdeeds for by nature he was neither giuen to any odious vices Disposition of the prince D. Charles neither was he of so harsh and sower a disposition as commonly great men of that coūtrie be It is true that D. Charles kept his grauitie to courtiers that he shewed himselfe verie ambitious too desirous to mannage affaires and to be imploied and was giuen to some kindes of pleasures Such as would excuse him said
spent that time Christian army retires so Corfu wherein they had designed great enterprises without any fruit but with incredible charge The Nauy then returned towards Corfu leauing the passage free for Vluccialy to retire to Constantinople at such time as hee beganne to feare the euent D. Iohn hauing retyred to Sicile and from thence to Naples Marc Antonio Colonna and Doria went into Spaine to relate vnto the king what had beene done that yeare and Colonna to free himselfe of some imputations laied vpon him by such as did malice his greatnesse wherein hee did preserue his honour and returned into Italie with great reputation After the arrest of the English Merchants Sir Francis Drakes first voyage to the Indies and their goods both in Spaine and the Low-Countries as you haue heard the English sought all meanes to bee reuenged of the Spaniards Some vpon their owne coast and others went vnto the Indies Among which Master Francis Drake who was then a man of no great note with the helpe of other aduenturers manned forth two ships and a Pynnace and went to Nombre de Dios in Noua Hispania where hearing that the Towne was not very well peopled hee landed in the night with one hundred and fiftie men whereof he put seuenty into a fort and the rest seazed vpon the market place the inhabitants in this amazement flying to the Mountaines but soone after they within the fort apprehending that their companions in the Towne had been all slaine for that they had heard some shot and their trumpet did not answere them They retyred inconsiderately to their Pinnace which they of the Towne finding made all the hast they could to get to their ships Thus Master Drake without any losse but a Trumpeter and hauing slaine but one man within the towne retyred much discontented from Nombre de Dios. After which hee came to the sound of Darien where hauing conference with certaine Negros which had fled from their Master of Panama and Nombre de Dios they did aduertise them of certaine Mules which were to passe from Panama to Nombre de Dios laden with gold and siluer whereupon hee landed a hundred shot and went to attend them with these Negros where hee tooke two troupes of them hauing none but their driuers being without any feare hee vnladed the Mules and tooke the gold onely being vnable as some of them write to carrie the siluer through the Mountaines Within two daies after he came to a place called the house of Crosses where he slue fiue or six Merchants he found not any gold nor siluer there but much merchandize fired the house with the goods being valued at aboue two hundred thousand ducats thence his went to his ships presently after there came downe three hundred shot Spaniards but it was too late The Venetians seeing that there was no likeliehood to make their profite by the support of this league 1573 and that in this warre they had lost the realme of Cypres spent foure millions of ducats and recouered not any one place of importance finding also that the Spaniards after all their delayes would still be masters commaund in all their councels and haue the honour of all executions they resolued to make a peace with the Turke by the mediation of the French King and the diligence of Marc Anthonie Barbaro their Consull who had beene staied at Constantinople the which was concluded vpon restitution of certaine small places in Dalmatia Peace betwixt the Turke 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 and 300000 crownes which the Venetians should pay vnto the Turke at three payments The Senate being certified of the conclusion they sent their embassadours to the Pope and catholike King to iustifie their actions Pope Gregorie the thirteenth was discontented but there was no remedie for hee must allow of their reasons which seemed pertinent The King of Spaine seemed no wayes distasted with this peace of the Venetians 〈…〉 but would shew by the effects that hee was able of himselfe without the help of anie other to maintaine continuall warre against the Turke for the defence of Christendome and not onely defend himselfe from him but make warre against him at his doore He therefore commaunded that the fleet which was prepared at Naples and Sicile should go and attempt some thing in the Leuant Seas or be imploied to annoy Vluccialy vpon the coast of Afrike where he had expelled Amida out of the realme of Tunes for that hee had performed all dueties to the King of Spaine and paied the tribute which his father had promised to the Emperour Charles the which did much displease the Turks holding Alger and other places in Afrike who procured Sâ—lims approbation to haue him dispossessed and an other set in his place who should be more at his deuotion the which was executed by Vluccialy wherefore King Philippe thinking that he had an interest therein and that it was necessarie to weaken the Turke forces in those partes being greatly suspected to Sicile and other parts of Italie which Countries the Turkes desired much to ioyne vnto his empire hee sent commaundement to D. Iohn by Soto his Secretarie whom hee had sent into Spaine to that end that hee should imploy the gallies hee had readie in this expedition which would be verie profitable for Christendome whilest that the Turkes forces were but weake at sea to attempt a succour so farre off In the meane season there was great means made for the deliuerie of Aly Bassas sons which had beene taken at the battell whom D. Iohn had obtained from the Confederates with great instance but one of them was dead before to his great griefe that hee could not wholie gratifie the mother wherefore he sent him home that was liuing called Moamed Sonne of Aly Bassa 〈◊〉 at liberty by D. Iohn accompanying him with a dwarfe of his owne and foure Turkes that had beene taken with him and many presents which the mother had sent vnto his Highnesse in signe of honour but he refused to accept them and wrote the reason thereof vnto her wherein he shewed the greatnesse of his mind I haue forborne said hee to accept the present which you sent me and Moamed hath it not for that I doe not esteeme it as come from your hands but for that the greatnesse of my ancestors is not accustomed to receiue gifts from such as are forced to flie vnto them for fauour The armie beeing ready for the enterprise of Tunis D. Iohn parted with the Duke of Sessa Enterprise of Tunis Anthonio Doria Iohn Andrew and other noblemen on the eight day of September 1573 from the port which in old time was called Lilybee and had beene long neglected notwithstanding that it be one of the best ports in the Iland and had beene much vsed by the Romans in the Carthaginian warres others write that they went from Palermo There was in the fleet one hundred and sixteene gallies foure and thirtie shippes and other
hauing taken armes againe the two brethren came to battel at a place called Quehera 7. leagues from Marroc the 29. of August 1544. whereas Hamet was vanquished and his army so disperst as Mahomet being at the cittie gates chasing them that fled he was receiued partly by loue and partly by feare the Gouernor and citizens thinking that all had beene lost where hauing deliuered him the castle he was saluted and held for King of Marroc Hee did not touch his brothers wiues nor children nor their Iewels not treasure but preserued them assuring them that they should haue good vsage A day or two after Hamet came to the gates of Marroc but he found the place taken wherefore beeing opprest with sorrow hee retired to the Hermitage of Cidi Abdalla ben Cesi a man greatly honoured among that nation not farre from the cittie and from thence he sent his sonnes Muley Cidan and Muley Nacer vnto the King of Fez to recommend them and their affaires vnto him It was Muley Hamet Oataz aboue-mentioned a generous Prince who notwithstanding the wrongs hee had receyued from their father and vncle entertained these two Xeriffes very courteously and promised them all assistance The Xeriffe Mahomet new King of Marroc knowing that his Nephewes were retired to Fez sent them word that they should not estrange themselues and that he had no will but to do them good whereupon they obeyed him and he also drew vnto him by rewards and good entertaynments all the Captaines and souldiers which had serued his brother The Alfaguis grieuing at Hamets disgrace did mediat an enterview of the two breethren neere vnto the riuer of Luyden two leagues from Marroc in the yeare 1545 but it was to Mahomets aduantage for this victorious King caused a great and rich pauilion to be set vp all open in the middest of his troupes where he was set low vppon a royall seate hauing barres round about so as no man could come neere him but before he being armed About him were his gards set and other troupes of souldiers who left an entrie to go vnto the King There first presented themselues vnto him Hamets smaller children then they that were bigger and so according to their ages who came and kissed his knee one after another and then retired to one side of the pauilion whereas the Kings children and his chiefe Officers were last of all came Hamet the Xeriffe before whom the King arose and receyued him at the entrie of his pauillion where as they embraced one another with teares in their eyes and then sitting downe vppon one seate after they had viewed one another a long space sighing but not speaking Mahomets speech to his brother Hamet Mahomet began to tell him mildly of the breach of his faith and of the peace of Tarudant that God had punished him by the victory which he had giuen him miraculously being very apparent that his forces were not sufficient to seize vpon the Realme of Marroc and that he must confesse that for his disloyaltie he was fallen into the hatred of his subiects and vassals That he should remember how much he had loued him serued and obeyed him as being his elder and that he might assure himselfe he would beare him the like loue hereafter notwithstanding all that was past so as he would acknowledge him to be his king and be content to be his Vizir and Captaine generall but he must forbeare to enter into Marroc for he had promised the Inhabitants who feared to be ill intreated by him not to suffer him to enter Wherefore hee should retire himselfe with his wife and children to the towne of Tafilet where he should receiue all brotherly loue from him and that he hoped the conquests they had hitherto made were of small esteeme in regard of those that were to come by the which hee should haue meanes to giue vnto his children Realmes and Seigneuries to his and their content Hamet made some excuses for that which he had done and thanked him humbly in words for the promises and offers he made him although the sentence seemed hard yet he must vndergo it wherefore he retired to Tafila in Numidia with his wiues children such friends as wold follow him If the Xeriffe Mahomet had dispossest his brother whereof the chiefe motiue had beene ambition and then distrust the King of Fez might well attend as much for they had beene already in armes and the Xeriffe knew wel that he had wronged him of Fez which in reason required reparation but the Xeriffes greatnes would not permit it one distrusting another they fell easily to quarrell The Xeriffe complained that after the battell of Quehera the king of Fez had giuen refuge to Muley Cidan and Muley Nacer his nephewes and then he pretended that the Prouince of Tedle did belong to the Realme of Marroc and at the same time that he demanded it he sent Muley Abdel Cader one of his sons to field with an army Kings of Fez and Marroc at warre to exact the contributions giuing him for an assistant Mumen Belelche aboue-named by race a Geneuois to whom he gaue charge to beseege the strong castle of Fixtelle and to take it which they could not do for the place was well defended by Ben-Ouzar captaine to the king of Fez who also went to field to succor him The Xeriffe desiring to incounter him went also to field In the armie of Fez were 30000. horse as well of Fez Velez Dubuda as Arabians Hololes and of Beni Melic Sofian and eight hundred harquebuziers Turkes or Christian renegado's led by Marian a Persian born The warres of Barbarie and Mauritania are for the most part on horse-backe and they do little esteeme foot-men besides all this he had a thousand harguebuziers on horse-back and foure and twenty peeces of Ordinance The Xeriffe had eighteene peeces of Ordinance eighteene thousand horse three hundred Turkes harguebuiers and a thousand Christians renegado's carrying Cros-bowes These armies being neere together spent many dayes to spie out some aduantage when as the Xeriffe perceyued that the hors-men of Fez and the Alarabes which were with them beganne to disband according to their custome which is to grow wearie to be in field and to returne to see their families hee offered battell so fitly King of Fez de seated taken for hee was a great souldier as they were forced to fight where the Xeriffe got the victorie and the King of Fez was taken beeing hurt in two places and his sonne Muley Bucar with many other Commaunders and Captaines and a great spoyle Muley Buaçon Lord of Velez de la Gomera of the race of Merins alone shewed himselfe a valiant Captaine and saued his Squadron all the rest beeing scattered and put to route Fixtelle was then yeelded and all other places of the Prouince of Tedle The Xeriffe causing the King of Fez to come before him vsed no rough speech but did rather comfort him in his
hee returned with him to Salharrais who pacified him with good words and made him King of Fez but he condemned the Citizens to pay an ounce of gold for euery house because they had seditiously taken armes against the Turkes whatsoeuer past betwixt them afterwards it is certaine that Salharrais departed very ill satisfied of King Buaçon and returned from this enterprise where hee had gotten much honour and proffit in such a rage against him as he aduertised the Xeriffe that he might boldly make warre against Fez when hee pleased assuring him that hee would neuer giue aide to Buaçon It may bee hee was the more incensed for that hauing sent Ya Hay◠a Turke to Veles to receiue the fort of Pipnon which it may be was an Article of their Conuentions the captaine that was in it would not yeeld it but deliuered it vnto Muley Mahomet sonne of Buaçon and when the Pirat demanded it of Mahomet hee refused him but it happened on a time that the Pirat tooke Mahomet out of his fort and intreated him so roughly as hee yeelded vp the place The Xeriffe Mahomet being chased from Fez thinking that the towne of Meguineus would be of great expence hee commanded his sonne Abdalla who was in it to abandon it for the which hee repented himselfe hearing how much Salharrais was discontented with Buaçon for this place was very commodious to make an enterprise vpon Fez which hee presently resolued But hee had reason to thinke how to keepe it from the Xeriffe Hamet his brother who vpon the newes of this losse was returned to Tafilet and had made himselfe Master thereof with an intent to attempt some great matter He therefore resolued to punish him in such sort as hee should neuer haue more cause to feare him going himselfe in person to beseege him in Tafilet and in the meane time he sent an army against Buaçon the new King of Fez giuing the charge thereof to his sonne Abdalla Buaçon for his part sent his army to field being led by Muley Nacer and Muley Mahomet his sonnes but these two brethren the one beeing base disagreeing they diuided their forces and gaue Abdalla meanes to defeat Mahomet and to make the other retire Abdalla defeated by Buason which made Buaçon goe out of Fez with a great army who charged Abdalla so furiously as hee put his army to rout with great slaughter In this battaile there was a race of Arabians cut in peeces called Arrahamenes whom the Xeriffe drew out of the country of Sus and had placed them in the Prouince of Temecene of the which there escaped not one The defeat of Abdalla was held secret by the Xeriffe Mahomet the Xeriffe beseegeth his brother Mahomet who did beseege Hamet his brother in Tafilet so as the beseeged knew not any thing but contrariwise they found meanes to haue it bruted in the towne that Abdalla was a conqueror in Fez. Wherefore Hamet who had put himselfe into that place in hope to bee releeued by Buaçon beleeuing that he had beene wholy defeated and without hope of that which hee expected he sent Zidan and Nacer his sonnes vnto their vncle and yeelded himselfe vnto his mercy Who confined him at that time into an hermitage but hee caused the heads of his Nephewes to bee cut off to free himselfe of all feare and hauing left a good garrison in Tafilet he tooke the way to Garciluin and by that way entred into the Realme of Fez. Buaçon seeing himselfe thus obstinatly pursued Buason King of Fez defeated and slaine went forth against the Xeriffe where there was a bloudy battaile in the which Buaçon was slaine vpon the place and his army put to flight Nacer his sonne fled to Mesquineuz to recouer the mountaines his other sonne Mahomet entred into Fez with fifty horse onely but the Citizens who alwaies held with the stronger let him know that he was not welcome wherefore hee went also to Mesquineuz where he found his brother Nacer and so they past to Sala or Rabat vpon the Ocean sea where they imbarked to passe into Spaine but they were taken at sea by certaine Pirats Brittons Muley Buscar sonne to the deceased King Hamet Oataz being in this battaile with Buaçon fled to Tremessen and from thence to Algier where he died of the plague Thus by this victory the Xeriffe was peaceable King of Fez Fez wholy subdued the Xeriffe and all the Xecques of the people and Gouernors of the Realm came and yeelded themselues vnto him Being vnable to force them of the mountaines or beeing loath to blemish the glory of so great a conquest by some sinister accident in seeking to subdue those base desperate people he made an accord with them that they should yeeld him a certaine homage Being then come to Marroc he caused his brother Hamet to bee brought thether with the children that he had remayning giuing them in gard to Ali Ben Bucar and then he went towards Tarudant to make a marriage for hee was accustomed euery yeere to marry some faire gentlewoman and therefore hee carried two of his daughters with him with a great traine of women some troupes of horse and twelue hundred Turkes of his gard but he came not thether being slaine by the way by treason vpon this occasion Hee had a priuate hatred with Hassen Basha sonne to Haradin Barbarousse but the cause is not well knowne so as Hassen sought all meanes to bee reuenged Being at Algiet there came a Turke vnto him who had heard speake of their quarrell his name was also Hassen a wicked and a murtherous man who made offer to kill the Xeriffe and hauing receiued money and great promises from the Basha he came to Fez whereas Abdalla was viceroy for his father whom hee gaue to vnderstand that hee had fled from Algier for that Hassen Basha would haue put him to death vpon certaine false reports beseeching him to receiue him into his seruice Abdalla who did not much loue the Turkish nation would not entertaine him but willed him to goe to Marroc to his father the which hee did where he was receiued and soone after made captaine of the Turkes of his gard who were all discontented and ready to mutine for that they had beene aboue a yeere without their pay the which they had often demanded of the treasorers and were disdainefully reiected with iniuries as it it is the custome of that kinde of people so as when the Xeriffe beganne his voyage to Tarudant they were much incensed The Turke Hassen taking this fit occasion to execute his deseigne increased their discontents all he could so as he grew confident to treat with some of the most mutinous of his garde to kill the Xeriffe and to spoile his treasure shewing them how easily the might escape by Numidia and get to Tremessen before they should haue meanes to pursue them This practise succeeded for the execution of the murther but they could not
subiects Philip beeing now growne old and vnfitte for the gouernment of his realmes his sonne Philip beeing yet too young hee called the Arch-duke Albert out of Portugall into Spaine who came vnto the King on the eleuenth day of September hee beeing at the Monastery of Saint Lawrence commonly called Escuriall where hee gaue him an honourable reception The King calling Albert vnto him let him vnderstand with what cares and toyle hee had for so many yeares gouerned his hereditary kingdomes and states but beeing now broken with age hee was no more fitte for command hauing hetherto by all meanes sought to procure the peace and quiet of his subiects but he had bin interrupted by the practises of some turbulent men so as hee could not maintaine peace in all his Prouinces Hee was therefore greeued that hee could not deliuer vnto his sonne a quiet estate and the rather for that his sonne beeing yong of yeares was not yet fit to gouerne kingdomes that his cousins wisedome and integritie had beene tryed vnto him the which he had hetherto vsed among the Portugals knowing it to be such as hee durst safely commit the gouernment of all his other realmes to his faith Hauing now resolued after so many labours past for the glory of God and the quiet of his subiects to giue ouer the gouernment and to spend the remainder of his dayes in contemplation giuing God thankes for the prosperous course of his life and the happines of his Estates retyring himselfe into some Religious place and there pray continually for his soules health And to resigne vp the gouernment of his Realmes to Philippe his sonne and to Albert his cousin that with their ioynt Councels and cares they might gouerne his subiects vntill his sonne grew to more yeares and were capable of the sole commaund That hee would also adde vnto their Councels fiue of the cheife Noble-men of the Kingdome Spaniards borne whose councell helpe and authority if need were they should vse but I doe not find that this resolution tooke effect Muley Mahomet sometimes King of Fez and Marrock Muley Zecq becâ—mes a Christian. was expelled by his vncle Muley Moluc who imploring ayde from Sebastian King of Portugall they both dyed in battell as you haue heard Mahomet had a sonne called Muley Xecq who had beene giuen in hostage with some Noblemen to Sebastan who sent him to Mazagon After the battell hee was conuayed with his company into Spaine where hee was brought vppe vnder the protection of King Philippe and this yeare beeing instructed in the Christian Religion hee became a Christian and was Christned in that famous Monastery of Saint Laurence called Escuriall with his couzin and other Courâ—iars all making profession of the Gospell The Turke this yeare made all Italy to tremble 1594. for that Cigala beeing come forth with an hundred and threescore Galleys and other vessells it seemed at the first that hee had a desseyne to enter into the gulphe but finding the Venetians to make great preparation they fell vppon the coast of Calabria where they did much harme vntill the comming of Prince Doria into those Seas Turkes inuade Italy who seeyng the Turke gone retyred himselfe but the Turkes hauing fortified their Fleete with more Gallyes returned againe and threatned Italy Whereuppou Carlo Spinelli by commandement from the Viceroy of Naples caused the Citty of Rhegium to bee abandoned with some others vppon that coast Cigala comming to Rhegium and finding their goods carried to some safer place â—ee burnt it in disdaine and threatned to passe farther into the countrey The misery which the poore people endured and the cruelty which those Barbarians vsed was exceeding great the spoyles they made were valued at many hundred thousand crownes And for that the King of Spaine had need if hee would defend his owne Estates and the honour of the holy Church from the Armes of Infidells of great summes of gold he made request vnto the Pope that the Cardinall and Archbishop of Toledo being dead in Spaine and hauing left a million of crownes to bee imployed in godly vses he would make declaration that the said summe might bee imployed in those godly and important warres wherein the Pope tooke deliberation and did soone after satisfye the King Albert of Austria Archbishop of Toledo confirming the Cardinall Albert of Austria in the succession of the said Archbishoprick hauing beene named by his Maiesty But to treate more strictly with him of many affayres importing Christendome he sent Iohn Francisco Aldâ—brandini Ambassadour into Spaine who was receaued there with royall magnificence and great shewes of honour and loue In the beginning of this yeare 1595. 1595. the warre began to grow hotte in the Franche Conty of Bourgundy betwizt the French and the Spaniard whether the King of Spaine resolued to send the Constable of Castile Constable of Castile sent vnto the Frâ—nch Court who was Gouernor of the Dutchie of Milan with 4500. souldiers of the Realme of Naples and he gaue commission to Fernando de Toledo Lodowicke Melzi to Alexander Carraciola and to Alexander Gonzaga either of them to raise a troupe of horse and that they should leauy a thousand foot in that estate Protestation of the Spanish Ambassâ—dor at the absolution of the French King and three thousand in the Duchy of Vrbin The French King hauing left the religion wherein he had beene bred and fallne to the Romish Church was after great sute and instance absolued by the Pope with the accustomed ceremonies Before the doing whereof the King of Spaines Ambassadour made a protestation in the King his Masters name that whatsoeuer the Pope intended for to doe in the said businesses should not any way preiudice his Masters rights to the Realme of Nauarre nor to the Duchy of Bourgondy nor yet to the great treasure hee had disbursed at the request of the Catholikes of France whereof hee meant to bee repaied and that hee would not desist from armes vntill that Realme had satisfied him which protestation being accepted by the Pope the said embassadours Secretarie caused a publike instrument to bee made with licence from his Holinesse Death of D. Antonio king of Portugall And this yeare died D. Antonio of Portugall at Paris which newes were verie ioyfull to the king of Spaine being freed from the apprehensions of dailie troubles in that realme by meanes of his pretensions The Archduke Ernestus of Austria being Gouernour in Flanders for the king of Spaine the earle of Fuentes commanded the armie by prouision vntill the comming of a new gouernour the king resoluing to send the Cardinall Albertus to succeed his brother vpon whose dispatch whether it proceeded from the kings own disposition or a desire in him to make himselfe the more acceptable to the people of those Prouinces at his first comming there were many Ships of the East Countries and the Netherlands which had beene staied in Spaine to serue as men of warre and to
Inuention of Saint Iames Sepulcher 179 Indiscretion of D. Guttiere Fernandes 308 Interest of the French king to the crowne of Castile 352 Inhabitants of Pampelona refuse to doe homage to the king of Castile 387 Iniustice of D. Pedro king of Arragon to his brother 419 Insolencies of the French in Sicile ibid. Inuasion of Castile by the king of Granado 442 Integrity of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan 573 Integrity of Leonora Queene of Castile 601 Intercession for D. Henry Infant of Arragon 684 Infants of Arragon loose all their land in Castile 704 Insolencies of the Constable of Castile made knowne vnto the king 716 Insolency of the commons punished 725 Ingratitude of Pope Calixtus 755 Insolency of the confederats in Castile against the Popes Legat. 800 Insolency of the Master of Saint Iames. 829 Inquisition in Spaine against Iewes and Moores and the fruits thereof 870 Integrity of king Fernand and Queene Isabel. 899 Inquisition in Arragon 927 Iniury don to the kings Receiuers 931 Indians gentle and tractable 946 Inuectiue made by the Constable Velasco against Cardinal Ximenes 926 Intreaty of the Infant D. Fernand to Cardinal Ximenes 954 Insolency against the kings Officers 961 Inigo of Loycla and his family 962 Inquisition of Spaine attempted at Mylan 1111 Inquisition reiected by the Arragonois 1120 Inquisitors what they be ibid. Imprisonment of the Prince of Spaine 1130 Inquisitors sharpe persecutors of Prince Charles 1134. they are chiefe of the councel of Spaine 1135 Insolency of the Spanish soldiers in Granado 1141 Insolency of the Spaniards makes the Moores reuolt 1149 Ioseph king of Granado poisoned 655 Ioane Queene of Nauar punished by the hand of God 764 Ioane Queene of Castile deliuered of a daughter vnlawfully begotten 767 Ioane Infanta of Castile newly borne declared heire of the realme 768 Ioane borne in Adultery the subiect of all the troubles in Castile 778. she is made sure to the king of Portugal 850 Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip heire to Castile and Arragon 963. toucht in her sences 882 D. Iohn of Austria opposite to Prince Charles 1134 he comes to Granado against the Moores 1146. his speech to the army at Lepanto 1168 Irone a chast Virgin 148 Saint Iren taken from the Moores 297 Ismael king of Granado slaine by his subiects 471 Isabel Queene of Castile fauors the Lords against the Constable 743 Isabella sister to king Henry reiects the title of Queene of Castile 805. shee procures a peace in Castile ibid. she is declared heire of the realme 806. she marries with Fernand of Arragon 817. her magnanimity 852. shee is sworne heire to the crowne of Castile 860. she is carefull to doe Iustice 867. she poursueth the rebels in Estremadura 875 Iulian an Earle brings the Moores into Spaine 153 Iudges chosen in Castile 196 Iustice and treasor the chiefe members of an Estate 846 Iustice established in Galicia 884 Iudgement of the Inquisitors against the Prince of Spaine 1131 D. Iohn affects to bee king of Tunes 1174. hee is made gouernor of the Netherlands 1180. he aspires to the crown of Eng. ibid. his death 1181 K KIngs of Spaine at the first what they were 7 Kingdomes erected in Spaine by the Arabians and Christians 24 1. Kings in the battaile whereas Attila was defeated 134 1. King forced by his children to leaue his crowne 191 1. King dispossest becomes his sons Lieutenant ibi 2 Knights of the Lilly in Nauar. 235 1. Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Emperor 240 2. Knights Christians in pay with the Moores 247 1. Kings of Castile and Arragon spoile the heire of Nauar of his kingdome 249 2. Knights of Calatraua first instituted 304 1. Kings of Leon and Castile in quarrel 321 1. Kings of Nauar and Leon inuade Castile 330 1. King of Castile inuades Nauar. 335 1. King of Castile being young deliuered into the hands of them of Lara 350 1. King of Leon enters Castile with an army against his owne sonne 354 1. King of Seuile a Moore tributary to the king of Castile 363 1. King of Arragon asketh pardon of the Pope 370 1. King of Nauar confesseth himselfe vassal to him of Castile 387 1. Kings of Moores dispossest and chased out of Spaine 388 1. Kingdome of Tremissen 408 1. King of Maroc passeth into Spaine 409 King of Maiorca dispossest by his brother 422 King of Arragon set the Infants of Cerde at liberty 434 King of Granado deposed 455 King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affrike 482 King of Castile inuades Portugal with an army 505 Knights in Castile executed 553 King of Nauarre sends for his wife 643 King of Castile beseeged by his own subiects 683 King of Nauarres lands in Castile for feited and giuen away 696 King of Arragon defeated and taken prisoner at sea by the Geneuois 709 Kings of Castile and Nauarre visit the Constable 724 King of Castile puts the Constable to death more through base feare then for the loue of Iustice. 745 King of Nauarre and the Lords pacified and reconciled to the new king of Castile 750 King of Castile contemned of his subiects 753 King of Castile makes warre against Nauarre 766 King of Castile reproched with the adulterat birth of his supposed daughter 781 King of Portugal abandons Zamorra 854 his base courage 864. he despaires 865 King of Manicongo becomes a Christian. 950 Kings of France and Arragon diuide the realme of Naples and dispossesse Frederic 966 King of Nauar and his wife in factions 885 King of Tremessen defeated by the Spaniards 1009 King of Tunes taken by his sonne 1010 King of Tunes expelled by Vluccialy 1160 King of Fez defeated by the Xeriffes 1185 King of Fez and Marocat warre 1187 King of Fez defeated and taken 1188. he is set at liberty ibid. Kings of Maroc electiue 1195 L LAnguage of the Spaniards at this day 30 Lauron taken by Sertorius in the view of Pompey 110 Lawes of king Sisebuth 146 Law made by the Gothes not to marry the kings widow 151 Law of defying a towne 246 Laurence Suarez betraies king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile 371 Lands called Beetries in Biscay c. 533 Lands of the crowne giuen in recompence of seruice 622 Lands confiscated being giuen away hinder the peace 715 Lamentation of Isabella of Castile 942 Landgraue of Hessen feared by the Emperour 1116 Lebrissa and the beginning 8 Leon taken by the Christians 171 League of Christian Princes and Moores in Spain against the French 181 Leon the Christians chiefe city taken by the Arabians 213 League betwixt the king of Castile and Prince of Arragon against Nauar. 289 Leira taken by the Moores 292 League against Nauar. 320 League against Castile made by Arragon Leon and Portugal 327 League betwixt the king of Arragon and the widow Queene of Nauarre 385 Lewis the French king quits his right to Castile 395 League and marriage betwixt Nauar and Arragon 491 Leonora de Guzman mistresse to the king