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sin_n	mortal_a	nature_n	venial_a	6,243	5	12.3225	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49770	The interest of Ireland in its trade and wealth stated in two parts first part observes and discovers the causes of Irelands, not more increasing in trade and wealth from the first conquest till now : second part proposeth expedients to remedy all its mercanture maladies, and other wealth-wasting enormities, by which it is kept poor and low : both mix'd with some observations on the politicks of government, relating to the incouragement of trade and increse of wealth : with some reflections on principles of religion, as it relates to the premisses / by Richard Lawrence ...	Lawrence, Richard, d. 1684.	1682 (1682)	Wing L680A; ESTC R11185	194,038	492

VII Jesuitical Principles the cause of Irelands mischiefs and miseries therefore their interest to explode them above all the Papists in the World p. 258 A brief Narrative of all the Jesuits Treasons against their English Sovereigns from Hen. 8. to this time wherein is observ'd not only the miseries in Ireland but Englands and Scotlands troubles were promoted by them p. 259 to 264 Their Oath of Confederacy in their last Plot p. 265 The pernicious influence of that Plot though disappointed 266 267 His Majesties great tenderness and indulgence towards Dissenters for 20 years past p. 267 268 Dissenters respect to the Protestant Church of Ireland as now established how far p. 269 Dissenters the most dangerous Hereticks in Ireland to Papists p. 270 The great advantage Vnity in Loyalty would be both to Papists and Protestants in Ireland p. 271 An Alphabetical Table of the principle things in the first Part. A. ADventurers and other estated Absentees drain Ireland of Cash p. 84 85. Apparel extravagant ruines a Country pag. 20 21. Apparel of Silks destructive to Ireland Apparel spruce and costly in the meaner sort many ways inconvenient besides its Charge p. 27 28. Apparel spruce and rich contemned by many wise and potent Princes p. 30 31. Ale-topers their Charge to Ireland p. 55. B. Baronets when instituted and how to be qualiffed p. 16 17. Bastards their great Charge to Ireland p. 45 46. C. Court of Wards well regulated useful to Ireland and for what p. 12 13. D. Debaucheries their Charge to Ireland p. 37. Drunkenness the grand Wealth-consuming Debauchery p. 51. It s Trade ruining and Wealth-wasting influence p. 54 to 57. Drinking to excess is as sinful in them able to bear drink as others sooner distempered p. 60. Drunkards c. are the proper Fanaticks p. 61 62. Drunkenness disdained and grievously punished by Turks and Pagans p. 63. Drunkenness the ruine of States and Armies p. 64 to 69. E. England no pattern for Ireland in Expences and why p. 22. Effeminacy attends Debauchery p. 48 49. F. France gains by their fantastick Garbs and why p. 19. G. Gentry their bad Payment to Tradesmen ruines Trade p. 10 11. Gaming its pernicious Effects p. 42 43. H. Holiness-Ceremonial crowded Holiness-real out of the Church p. 70. Honour when disgrac'd p. 14 15 Healthing the great provoker of Drunkenness p. 58 59 Its sinful p. 60 I. Ireland not setled till when p. 2 3 4 Jesuits their under ground work p. 3 L. Laws Sumptuary p 23 24 Needful in Ireland p. 26 Laws Mercanture necessary to govern Trade p. 10 Laws Common too delatory for Trade ibid. Laws against Absentees p. 86 87 M. Merchants Honourable p. 8 9 Merchants few wealthy in Ireland and why p. 7 Merchants low esteem in Ireland lowers c. Trade p. 8 Manufacturies ruined by Silk worn in Ireland p. 20 Merchants Forreigners their damage to Ireland p. 81 82 N. Nobility when ignoble are the shame and ruine of a Country p. 12 13 14. O. Oaths prophane their provoking destructive nature p. 38 39. P. Perjury its sad Effects p. 41 42. Prophane Swearing the mother of false swearing p. 40. Perjury abhorred by Pagans first tolerated by Popes p. 41. Perjury will never be esteemed a mortal sin whilst prophane swearing is esteemed venial p. 42. Pagans their cruel Laws against Adultery p. 49 50. Prophaneness of Christendome whence p. 69. Prophanenists their Faith blasphemous and fanatical if any they have p. 74 75 76. R. Rome the Fountain of all Prophaneness and Debauchery of Christendom p. 72 73. Revenue farmed to Foreigners great loss to the Country p. 80. S. Swearing prophane its sad Effects p. 38 39. Superfluities not regulated ruines a Country p. 18 19. Strumpets to be prescribed their Apparel p. 29 30. Shipping foreign a great Charge to the Country p. 83. T. Trade its Impediments p. 1 to 11. Trade Ireland not capable of till when p. 4. V. Victuals their Plenty obstructs Trade and Manufacture p. 5 6. W. Whoring its Charge and Damage to Irelands Trade and Wealth p. 44. Destructive to Kingdoms and States pag. 48 49. Wine-bibbers their Charge to Ireland p. 5. ERRATA BY mistake of the Author and mislaying of some Papers occasioned by Business which took up his time delayed the Publication of this Book there are some Errors escaped the Press which is made good by reprinting such Leaves over again or where any were left out as between p. 95. and p 96. the several pages are denoted in the Contents by p A and p B c. calling the first p. A the second B c. which the Reader is desired to mark with his Pen. And for Miss-spellings or other Literal escapes I shall leave to his courtesie to correct and only note what harms the Sense which the Reader or rather Bookseller may soon correct with his Pen. PART I. Page 20. for families read females p. 17. for Couler r. Coller PART II. Pape 29. for confine read consigne p. 57. for Minister r. Ministry p. 190. line ult for Object r. An Answer p. 234. for 1612. r. 1600. ibid. for 812. r. 800. p. H. for momentary r. momentous p. 115. for Stilling fleet 106. r. Stillingfleet 206. Advertisement to the Binder At the end of ** in the Epistle Dedicatory there wants the Direction viz. Plebeius g g the Quarter sheet in G Part 1. is to be placed after f f in Part 2. E e the first leaf to be cancelled the last leaf of F f to be cancelled the last leaf of M m to be the first of E e N n fol. 195 196 and 199 200. to be cancelled O o fol. 213 214 217 218 221 222. to be cancelled the said leaves of N n and O o being reprinted THE INTEREST OF IRELAND In its TRADE and WEALTH Stated CHAP. I. The Reasons why Ireland being so long under the Government of England whose Policies in Trade are inferior to few Countreys should yet be so little improv'd in Trade and Wealth 1. FRom the Impediments or Obstructions Ireland hath met with and is subject unto not common to other Countreys The first and chief Impediment proceeds from the unsetledness of the Countrey as to its subjection to England's Government for though they have long prosest Allegiance to England's Crown yet they have paid but a grudging partial obedience to its Scepter And upon all occasions less or more general have been attempting to draw their necks out of England's Yoke as it s briefly but fully evidenced by Sir John Davis in his Intelligent Book dedicated to King James Intituled A Discovery of the true cause why Ireland was never intirely subdued to the Crown of England and he determines until the 9th of King James Ireland was never fully setled in subjection and obedience to the English Law and Government And if we take a view of the State of Ireland since then and allow the Reign of King James and part of King Charles the First to be

their Antiquity and so frequently challenge our Protestant Divines to shew them where our Religion was before Luther should imbibe a Religion they cannot shew where it was before Loyola so many years his junior is hard to give the reason of unless it be this one that since the Light of the Gospel hath shined in the world their Deeds of Darkness could no ways be hid nor defended either by Scripture or Reason only by bloody War and cruel Inquisition by destroying the Lives of their Opponents in order to shut their eyes and stop their mouths And having thus far endeavoured to vindicate my self against the censure of Presumption in treating upon Politicks and from uncharitable Severity in my Descants on Religion I shall submit the whole to the Judgment of the charitable judicious and for the rest as much slight their Censure as they despise my Labour THE CONTENTS PART I. CHAP. I. Shewing the reasons why Ireland is so little improved in Trade and Wealth I. FRom the Impediments it is subject unto not common to other Countreys Pag. 1 1 Impediment The unsetledness of the Countrey p. 2 3 4 2 Impediment From the perplexity of the minds of the people p. 5 3 Impediment From its plenty of Provision p. 5 6. 4 Impediment From the height of the Interest of Money p. 7 5 Impediment From the lowness of Farming and purchasing Land p. 7 6 Impediment From the low esteem the generous and worshipful Calling of a Merchant is of in the Countrey p. 8 9 7 Impediment is from the lowness of the Credit of the Tradesmen of the Countrey p. 10 1. Arising from the delatoriness of Law-proceedings ibid. 2. From the smalness of their Stocks ibid. 3. From the bad payment the Gentry c. make to the Tradesmen ib. Expediences proposed for remedy of this grand obstruction p. 11 12 13 Honourable Titles are made contemptible by dishonourable qualities p. 15 Theodosius the Emperor made severe Edicts to reform it p. 16 Our Virgin Queen was careful of the Virginity of Honour ib. The Institution of Baronists by King James with their qualifications p. 16 17 CHAP. II. SHews the second Head of the Causes of Irelands not improving in Trade c is from its excessive consumption of forreign growth and Manufacturies p. 18 Why some Countreys may consume more than others with much less damage p. 19 The vast consumption of our Wealth by forreign Silks c. exceeding twenty to one above our Grand-fathers which ruine our own Manufacturies p. 20 21 France gains by their gay Attire and modes ibid. If poor Ireland imitate rich England in Garb it will be begger'd p. 22 Englands care to prevent their ruine by excess in Apparel by sumptuary Laws p. 23 24 25 The spruce Garb especially of the meaner sort besides the consumption of our Wealth is attended with many other intollerable inconveniences p. 26 27 28 Not only England but the Jews and Heathens had their sumptuary Laws by which Harlots or Women of ill fame were prescribed their Attire p. 29 30 The contempt put upon gay Clothes by the most Puissant and Wise Emperors and Princes p. 30 31 32 We consume more by riot and excess than the Kings Revenue amounts to p. 32 33 The opinion of Mr. Fuller Luther and Bishop Hall of this Childish vanity of gay Clothes p. 33 34 35 CHAP. III. OF Wealth-consuming and Trade-obstructing Debaucheries p. 37 1. Profane Oaths p. 38 39 Bishop Hall's Censure p. 39 40 Profane swearing is the preparatory cause of false swearing p. 40 The viciousness of the Papals in point of Perjury p. 41 Whilst profane Swearing passeth for a venial false swearing will never be esteemed a mortal sin p. 42 2. Wealth-consuming Debauchery is Gaming p. 42 1. High Gaming amongst the Gentry pag. 42 43 2. Chiefly peasantly and mechanick Gamesters that consume their time and money in Bowling-Alleys p. 43 3. Wealth-wasting Debauchery is Whoreing p. 44 1. The wealthier sort in their costly Misses alias Strumpets p. 46 48 It fills the Countrey with Bastards to the great charge of Parishes p. 45 The several motives to Strumpets to prostrate themselves p. 46 47 This Vice effeminates a people and unfits them for warlike Employment p. 48 Several Instances of the ruining nature of this vice p. 48 49 The severity of the Laws and punishment of this Sin by Turks and Pagans p. 49 50 CHAP. IV. Of the most Wealth-consuming Debauchery of Drunkenness THe dismal effects of it p. 51 Bishop Hall's Sentence p. 52 53 Luther's opinion p. 54 The great consumption of Wealth by our Wine-bibbers p. 54 By our Ale-topers ibid. The loss of the labour of many persons able to work employed as Drawers and Tapsters c. p. 55 The damage of our Manufactures by Drunkenness ibid. Youth debauch'd by drunken Masters and Masters undone by drunken servants p. 56 Drunkenness a sin oft inflicted upon a Nation in judgment and a fore-runner of destruction p. 57 Expedients proposed for remedy p. 57 1. Statutes against it to be executed upon Tiplers and Taverns ibid. 2. Observes how the lives and healths 〈◊〉 many persons are destroyed by it 3. The ensnaring practice of healthing t● be restrain'd and rejected especially a● the Tables of Magistrates and persons 〈◊〉 Quality p. 58 59 The practice of Healthing sinful both in the Provoker and Accepter p. 60 Heathens abominated and severely punish'd Drunkenness of which several Examples p. 61 Drunkenness hath been the ruine of many great Kingdoms and States instance p. 62 63 64 The opprobius Epithetes given of Drunkards by Heathens p. 64 65 Drunkenness fatal to Armies p. 65 66 67 68 CHAP. V. Observing the spring from whence all the Debauchery of Christendom flows DEbauch'd Christians worse than debauch'd Pagans p. 69 Debauchery in Christendom proceeded from the Fountain of all filthiness Rome p. 70 Holy Places holy Ceremonies c. crowded holy lives out of the Church ibid. Confest by their own Prelats p. 71 Declared by Luther in his Genealogie of the Pope as Anti-Christ p. 72 73 Consciences once seared by a custom of Immoralities can never long struggle for truth in Divinity p. 73 The present generation of Debauches in Christendom exceed all we ever read of in former ages or Pagan Nations p. 74 Some live as if they had abandoned all thoughts of future State all belief of a God Judgment Heaven or Hell They turn all seriousness either in Divinity or Morality into a Ridicule p. 76 CHAP. VI. States the intollerable charge Ireland is at by maintaining Foreigners to its peculiar interest in the most profitable Employments 1. BY the Court of Claims p. 79 2. By Farmers of the Kings Revenue p. 80 3. The Contracters for the Treasury p. 81 4. Pensions and Annuities to Absentees p. 82 5 Foreign Merchants and their Factors p. 82 83 6. Trading in Foreign Ships p. 83 7. By Absentees drawing over the Rents p. 84 85 86 87 8. The Attendants of our Nobility

Avarice Gain But the cheap Swearer through his open sluce Le ts his Soul run for nought as little fearing Were I an Epicure I could bate Swearing Fair spoken Mendax on the least occasion Swears by his Faith and by his own Salvation Is rash-brain Mendax well advised then To pawn his Faith in God for Faith with men Sure small 's thy Wit or Credit to be drawn For wares so poor to leave so great a pawn But this Iniquity of prophane Swearing is the preparitory cause of false Swearing which is an immediate obstruction to Trade and Wealth 1. It discourageth all but especially Foreigners to trade amongst us who will hazard their stocks or persons in a Country or amongst a people where a false Oath may deprive them of their Estates or Lives c. dissolve the best Bargain and frustrate the hopefullest prospect of Gain unforeseen unremediable 2. It creates a Jealousie amongst the Tarsiquers and betwixt Neighbour and Neighbour that notwithstanding their greatest care in Contracts of all sorts a false Oath shall dep●ive them of their Interest of all they possess 3. Perjury increaseth the number of idle loose people who find it easier to get their living by the sweat of their Consciences than the sweat of their Brows how greatly hath this Vice been abhorred by Pagans the Egyptians and Scythians punished it with Death Plutarch c. And how dreadfully punished by God vide Clerks Mirror fol. 423. to 432. We read of none but Rome Papal that could dispence with Perjury as Eugenius with Albert the Emperor and Uladislaus King of Hungary to break Faith with the Turks so Rodulph Duke of Swavia to break his Faith with the Emperor Henry the 4th but of later times nothing more frequent with the Pope c. than to absolve whole Kingdoms from their Oaths of Allegiance c. to their Princes and then hath owned their Perjury as meritorious vid. History of the Council of Trent whereby this unhappy Kingdom is in a desperate case who are in the midst of a potent people that know they may not only innocently but meritoriously break their Faith with all Hereticks as they esteem all Protestants Now this is observable that Perjuries are no where frequent where prophane Oaths are not common for when the later through custom hath stupified the Conscience that the prophaning and blaspheming the sacred Name of God becomes a pass-time it wears off that natural aw and dread of God by familiarising the Name of God vainly makes it easie to invoke his Name falsely the Solemnity of a Court will not deter them from Perjury to their Neighbours harm when the dread of Gods great Tribunal will not aw them from wronging their own Souls Therefore whilst prophane Swearing passeth for a venial Perjury will never be esteemed a mortal sin and until the Laws be more strictly executed against the first the second will not be reformed And I estimate the damage this Nation sustains by this impious Vice to amount at least to 20000 l. per annum sustained by particular persons and the general discouragement it puts upon Traffique and Commerce The second Wealth consuming Debauchery is Gaming FIrst high Gaming among the Gentry though whilst the Inhabitants of Ireland lose to each other it weakens not only transfers the Wealth of the Country from one to another but when with Foreigners that transport their Winnings it is so much loss to the Commonwealth and I hear of few that grow rich by Play as our Proverb is What is got over the Devils Back is consumed on his Belly and many and those of no mean Rank are known to others as well as my self to be reduc'd to great straights by Gaming which several prudent Princes c. Observing have strictly prohibited Alphonsus Son to Fedinando King of Spain made a Decree that none of his Nobles nor Officers should presume to play for Mony at Cards or Dice or suffer any such Gaming in their Houses on pain of forfeiting one Months Salary and being expulsed the Court for six weeks Chilon being sent from Lacedemonia to Corinth to treat of a League and observing their Rulers used Dice-play returned without opening his Commission saying He would not stain the Glory of the Spartans with so great an Ignominy as to joyn in Society with Dice-players But I shall close what I have to say to this sort of Gamesters with Herbert Game is a civil Gunpowder in peace Blowing up Houses with their whole Increase But this Vice bears hardest on the Common-wealth by the consumption of Time and Mony by our peasantly and mechanick Gamesters who spend much of their time in Winter at Cards and Dice and Shovel-board c. and in Summer in petty Bowling-Alleys and Nine-pins c. which are the common Recreations of multitudes not only of Journeymen and Apprentices but the meaner sort of Masters of most Handycrafts we will compute this sort of Gamesters to 10000 persons who besides the ruining of their poor families and thereby filling the Country with Beggars consume at least one day in a week in this sort of Recreation which compute at 12 pence a week one with another for loss of Time there being more above than under that rate and 12 pence spent in Mony obstructs of the Wealth of this Kingdom 52000 l. per annum which the Vigilancy of our Justices and Watchfulness of our Constables might prevent by executing the good Laws of the Land against them The third sort of Wealth-wasting Debaucharies is Whoring Which amongst the Wealthy if they can stifle the mutterings of Conscience as to slight these dreadful threatnings on the Committers of this sin I will be a swift Witness saith God against the Adulterers c. Malach. 3.5 so the Apostle Whoremongers and Adulterers God will judge Hebr. 13.4 so Be not deceived neither Fornicators nor Adulterers nor Effeminate c. shall inherit the Kingdom of God I say if these and multitudes of the like Texts be esteemed Apochrypha by these sort of Transgressors then let them assemble themselves by Troops in Harlots houses and as fed Horses every one neigh after his Neighbours Wife but withal consider the next words shall I not visit for these things saith the Lord shall not my Soul be avenged on such a Nation as this is Jerem. 5.7,8,9 But if the Wealthy of them would confine themselves to our Country-Strumpets and pay well where they debauch and maintain their Bastard-brood without Charge to the Parishes the Wealth of the Country would not so much suffer But so far are they from that there are some particular Parishes in this City that have forty some fifty desolate Children upon their Charge which might be much remedied by the Vigilancy of the Magistrates in executing the Statutes against Idlers on young Women living out of Service and becoming Tapsters to paltry Ale-houses or otherwise taking a Room in some by-corner and gaining Credit for a Barrel or two of Beer they there drive