the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o great_a britain_n deduce_v by_o age_n or_o centenaries_n from_z the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n unto_o the_o happy_a conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o seven_o hundred_o year_n whereby_o be_v manifest_o declare_v a_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o true_a catholic_a religion_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v profess_v &_o teach_v in_o and_o by_o the_o roman_a church_n write_a by_o richard_n broughton_n the_o first_o tome_n contain_v the_o four_o hundred_n first_o year_n to_o which_o be_v annect_v for_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o reader_n ample_a index_n after_o the_o preface_n both_o of_o the_o author_n out_o of_o which_o this_o history_n have_v bâ—ne_v collect_v and_o of_o the_o chapter_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tome_n a_o copious_a index_n of_o the_o special_a and_o particular_a matter_n contain_v in_o these_o four_o hundred_o of_o year_n remember_v the_o old_a day_n think_v upon_o every_o generation_n ask_v thy_o father_n and_o he_o will_v declare_v to_o thou_o thy_o elder_n and_o they_o will_v tell_v thou_o deut._n 32._o v._o 7._o do_v flamma_n esse_fw-la swm_fw-la flamma_n that_o esse_fw-la meum_fw-la at_o douai_n by_o the_o widow_n of_o mark_n wyon_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o 〈…〉_o m._n dc_o xxxiii_o to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a right_a honourable_a and_o virtuous_a lady_n the_o lady_n catherine_n duchess_n and_o dowager_n of_o buckingham_n sole_a daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a francis_n late_a earl_n of_o rutland_n and_o the_o lady_n cecilie_n countess_n and_o dowager_n of_o rutland_n deem_v it_o not_o i_o beseech_v you_o most_o illustrious_a noble_a lady_n any_o the_o jest_n disparagement_n to_o your_o nobility_n or_o blemish_n to_o your_o vertve_n that_o your_o humble_a servant_n and_o secretary_n have_v presume_v to_o join_v you_o within_o the_o narrow_a strait_n and_o precinct_n of_o one_o and_o that_o so_o short_a a_o epistle_n who_o both_o terrene_a dignity_n and_o heavenly_a blessing_n have_v so_o happy_o unite_v in_o one_o most_o noble_a stock_n and_o lineage_n he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o splendour_n of_o a_o duchess_n can_v common_o be_v parallel_v by_o the_o dignity_n and_o title_n of_o a_o countess_n yet_o when_o he_o consider_v the_o renown_n of_o a_o countess_n descend_v from_o most_o ancient_a and_o noble_a family_n daughter_n to_o the_o noble_a and_o by_o name_n and_o descent_n most_o ancient_a s._n john_n tufton_n of_o tufton_n and_o before_o she_o be_v wife_n to_o her_o most_o noble_a father_n wife_n to_o the_o noble_a heyr_n of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a l._n hungerford_n shall_v any_o whitt_a eclipse_n shadow_n or_o obscure_v the_o radiant_a beam_n of_o a_o duchess_n but_o rather_o by_o add_v splendour_n to_o splendour_n make_v both_o more_o glorious_a and_o resplendent_a moreover_o he_o apprehend_v a_o mutual_a and_o long_a affection_n even_o from_o the_o young_a year_n of_o the_o one_o betwixt_o mother_n and_o daughter_n as_o also_o the_o unite_a heart_n of_o wife_n and_o daughter_n both_o embrace_v the_o most_o noble_a earl_n of_o rutland_n of_o famous_a memory_n the_o one_o with_o the_o love_n of_o a_o wife_n towards_o her_o husband_n the_o other_o with_o the_o affection_n of_o a_o daughter_n to_o her_o dear_a father_z who_o love_n to_o requite_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n style_v your_o grace_n his_o dear_a daughter_n and_o your_o honour_n his_o dear_a wife_n of_o who_o he_o further_o give_v his_o most_o ample_a testimony_n and_o in_o these_o word_n i_o will_v saye_z that_o there_o be_v never_o man_n have_v a_o more_o love_n and_o virtuous_a wife_n than_o she_o have_v be_v to_o i_o and_o as_o your_o love_n have_v be_v great_a to_o this_o most_o honourable_a earl_n who_o be_v discreet_a in_o his_o word_n prudent_a and_o just_a in_o all_o his_o action_n charitable_a to_o the_o poor_a affable_a to_o all_o faithful_a to_o his_o country_n gracious_a to_o his_o sovereign_n constant_a in_o his_o faith_n and_o religion_n most_o belove_a and_o honour_v of_o all_o and_o then_o who_o no_o noble_a man_n of_o england_n be_v more_o affect_v or_o more_o general_o honour_v in_o his_o life_n or_o more_o bewail_v and_o lament_v after_o his_o death_n so_o your_o vertve_n do_v shine_v in_o this_o world_n with_o a_o most_o resplendent_a light_n and_o be_v the_o diamond_n and_o pearl_n which_o adorn_v the_o ring_n of_o your_o ancient_a nobility_n and_o these_o he_o and_o your_o heroical_a vertve_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o rock_n of_o a_o true_a faith_n as_o they_o have_v make_v the_o earl_n so_o they_o will_v make_v you_o constant_a supporter_n of_o holy_a catholic_a religion_n these_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o anchor_n of_o hope_n as_o they_o have_v guide_v he_o so_o will_v they_o direct_v you_o to_o the_o quiet_a haven_n of_o eternal_a felicity_n yea_o it_o be_v very_o to_o be_v hope_v that_o he_o by_o these_o vertve_n be_v there_o already_o arrive_v whilst_o the_o one_o of_o you_o like_o a_o pharos_n and_o the_o other_o like_o the_o cynosure_n with_o the_o flame_n of_o charity_n do_v give_v light_a unto_o other_o in_o this_o time_n of_o darkness_n wherefore_o most_o virtuous_a lady_n to_o who_o after_o the_o most_o noble_a earl_n to_o who_o this_o work_n be_v first_o design_v and_o for_o who_o before_o his_o death_n it_o be_v set_v on_o the_o press_n can_v i_o more_o worthy_o dedicate_v these_o century_n of_o our_o ecclesiastical_a history_n then_o to_o these_o in_o who_o the_o noble_a earl_n still_o in_o renoun_n survive_v if_o you_o esteem_v nobility_n join_v with_o sanctity_n behold_v here_o lucius_n helena_n and_o constantine_n three_o great_a saint_n three_o great_a prince_n and_o all_o great_a promotor_n and_o establisher_n of_o the_o religion_n which_o you_o embrace_v if_o you_o take_v pleasure_n to_o see_v the_o damask_n rose_n of_o martyrdom_n here_o be_v a_o alban_n our_o protomartyr_n here_o be_v a_o amphibalus_n with_o many_o more_o all_o stout_a and_o valiant_a champion_n who_o have_v seal_v the_o trve_v of_o our_o faith_n with_o there_o dear_a blood_n they_o all_o be_v once_o pilgrim_n in_o this_o vale_n of_o tear_n as_o you_o both_o now_o be_v but_o now_o they_o be_v glorious_a courtier_n in_o the_o triumphant_a hierarchy_n if_o you_o follow_v their_o step_n and_o imitate_v their_o vertve_n and_o constancy_n in_o faith_n you_o may_v have_v great_a confidence_n to_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o like_a glory_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n your_o name_n be_v prefix_v before_o their_o heroical_a action_n may_v impetrate_v their_o patronage_n in_o all_o your_o corporal_a and_o spiritual_a necessity_n and_o i_o shall_v pray_v to_o they_o and_o to_o all_o the_o saint_n and_o by_o they_o to_o the_o saint_n of_o saint_n to_o bestow_v on_o you_o here_o all_o temporal_a and_o in_o heaven_n all_o eternal_a felicity_n madam_n your_o grace_n and_o your_o honour_n most_o humble_a and_o devote_a servant_n r._n b._n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n among_o all_o writer_n thing_n write_v or_o to_o be_v write_v whatsoever_o none_o have_v be_v or_o can_v be_v in_o any_o time_n or_o place_n or_o by_o any_o person_n more_o useful_a or_o necessary_a than_o such_o as_o have_v true_o write_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v write_v of_o the_o true_a office_n and_o duty_n of_o all_o man_n of_o all_o estate_n and_o condition_n to_o god_n and_o his_o high_a roll_a power_n this_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o all_o man_n in_o this_o world_n to_o do_v and_o perform_v sucâ—_n duty_n this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o good_a law_n and_o lawemaker_n history_n and_o historian_n divine_a and_o humane_a to_o give_v and_o leave_v direction_n both_o in_o present_a and_o to_o posterity_n to_o all_o man_n how_o to_o live_v in_o duty_n to_o heavenly_a and_o terrene_a authority_n and_o to_o take_v the_o word_n history_n historia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o most_o true_a and_o proper_a sense_n meanind_n and_o etymology_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d spectare_fw-la vel_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la to_o behold_v or_o know_v what_o they_o write_v the_o holy_a prophet_n apostle_n evangelist_n and_o other_o holy_a writer_n of_o holy_a scripture_n behold_v and_o most_o certain_o know_v of_o god_n by_o divine_a revelation_n what_o they_o commit_v to_o writing_n be_v most_o proper_o and_o true_o the_o best_a historian_n and_o their_o write_n most_v proper_o best_o and_o true_a history_n and_o next_o to_o they_o the_o true_a narration_n or_o history_n of_o their_o tradition_n and_o holy_a doctrine_n and_o teach_n which_o be_v most_o true_a and_o certain_a take_v from_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o approve_a antiquity_n antiquary_n and_o register_n of_o those_o thing_n where_o they_o be_v perform_v and_o in_o time_n and_o place_n of_o controversy_n contention_n &_o question_n about_o religion_n no_o
chance_n or_o of_o purpose_n sieve_n casâ—_n sive_fw-la consilio_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la venit_fw-la and_o name_v the_o deviser_n of_o this_o gildas_n the_o most_o impudent_a knave_n that_o ever_o live_v sane_n be_v nebulo_fw-la longè_fw-la post_fw-la homines_fw-la natos_fw-la impudentissimus_fw-la whereupon_o the_o best_a protestant_a antiquary_n bale_n camden_n parker_n stowe_n godwine_n and_o other_o quite_o forsake_v that_o pretend_a authority_n never_o vouchsafe_v to_o allege_v it_o and_o the_o citer_n of_o it_o by_o the_o contradiction_n there_o have_v sufficient_o reprove_v it_o diverse_a of_o they_o rather_o incline_v to_o think_v as_o i_o shall_v entreat_v hereafter_o that_o s._n philip_n the_o apostle_n be_v never_o in_o this_o next_o france_n to_o send_v s._n joseph_n from_o thence_o into_o britain_n and_o no_o man_n of_o any_o indifferent_a judgement_n will_v think_v but_o if_o the_o true_a gildas_n have_v write_v any_o such_o thing_n the_o most_o diligent_a collector_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o glastenbury_n who_o gather_v so_o many_o and_o of_o far_a meanner_n credit_n and_o antiquity_n than_o the_o true_a gildas_n be_v will_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o that_o house_n in_o one_o place_n or_o other_o have_v remember_v it_o which_o none_o of_o they_o nor_o any_o other_o old_a or_o new_a credible_a writer_n have_v do_v 3._o therefore_o see_v their_o hope_n from_o gildas_n have_v thus_o fail_v they_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o other_o authority_n they_o find_v to_o rely_v upon_o a_o protestant_a bishop_n write_v thus_o of_o s._n joseph_n hunc_fw-la philippus_n apostolus_fw-la cum_fw-la non_fw-la paruo_fw-la comitatu_fw-la a_o 14._o bal._n l._n the_o script_n cent_n 1._o in_o joseph_n aram._n f._n 14._o gallijs_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la misit_fw-la nostrae_fw-la salutis_fw-la anno_fw-la 63._o ut_fw-la post_fw-la capgravium_fw-la &_o scropum_fw-la aliosque_fw-la scriptores_fw-la anglicos_fw-la testis_fw-la est_fw-la locuples_fw-fr polydorus_n virgilius_n anglicae_fw-la historiae_fw-la libro_fw-la secundo_fw-la philip_n the_o apostle_n send_v joseph_n with_o no_o small_a company_n out_o of_o france_n into_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 63._o as_o after_o capgrave_n and_o scroop_n and_o other_o english_a writer_n polydore_n virgil_n be_v a_o sufficient_a witness_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o english_a history_n where_o we_o see_v only_o three_o particular_o name_v capgrave_n the_o chief_a who_o scroop_n seem_v to_o follow_v and_o polydor_z virgil._n this_o last_o as_o i_o 89._o polyd._n vir._n hist_o l._n 2._o p._n 37._o 41._o 89._o have_v cite_v before_o have_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o any_o place_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o s._n joseph_n never_o so_o much_o as_o name_v s._n philip_n the_o apostle_n in_o this_o matter_n capgrave_n recite_v such_o a_o opinion_n in_o the_o life_n of_o s._n joseph_n out_o of_o freculphus_n who_o as_o hereafter_o have_v no_o such_o thing_n at_o all_o and_o in_o the_o life_n of_o s._n patrick_n write_v after_o that_o of_o s._n joseph_n make_v the_o like_a narration_n of_o some_o which_o think_v that_o s._n conu_n io._n capgrau_n in_o catal._n in_o s._n joseph_n &_o in_o s._n patricio_n io._n bal._n the_o script_n cent_n 5._o f._n 201._o 202._o in_o io._n capgrau_n godwin_n conu_n philip_n send_v s._n joseph_n hither_o but_o he_o brand_v it_o with_o this_o blemish_n si_fw-la veritatem_fw-la sapiat_fw-la lectoris_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la relinquo_fw-la which_o whether_o it_o taste_v of_o truth_n i_o leeve_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o reader_n which_o be_v far_o from_o approve_v it_o for_o a_o true_a history_n and_o by_o our_o protestant_a bishop_n who_o though_o they_o acknowledge_v capgrave_n for_o a_o very_a learned_a author_n make_v he_o credulous_a enough_o in_o such_o thing_n it_o utter_o discredit_v that_o report_n for_o when_o he_o have_v write_v all_o which_o he_o think_v credible_a of_o the_o matter_n he_o then_o handle_v he_o immediate_o add_v quae_fw-la inferiùs_fw-la digesta_fw-la sunt_fw-la si_fw-la veritatem_fw-la sapiant_fw-la lectoris_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la relinquo_fw-la the_o thing_n which_o follow_v i_o leave_v to_o the_o reader_n to_o judge_n of_o their_o taste_n of_o truth_n and_o among_o these_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a of_o all_o be_v this_o of_o s._n philip_n the_o apostle_n his_o come_n into_o france_n and_o from_o thence_o send_v s._n joseph_n hither_o into_o britain_n so_o that_o we_o evident_o see_v all_o authority_n hitherto_o allege_v by_o these_o protestant_n be_v rather_o against_o then_o for_o they_o in_o this_o business_n 4._o their_o last_o and_o principal_n whereupon_o they_o now_o rely_v herein_o be_v a_o pretend_a testimony_n of_o freculphus_n the_o ancient_a learned_a bishop_n of_o lexovium_fw-la the_o first_o protestant_a arch_n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n cite_v for_o his_o only_a author_n freculphus_n l._n 2._o cap._n 4._o say_v philippus_n apostolus_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o galliam_n venit_fw-la &_o euangelij_fw-la 3._o matth._n parker_n antiq._n brit._n p._n 3._o praedicatione_n plures_fw-la ad_fw-la fidem_fw-la vertit_fw-la cum_fw-la de_fw-la britannia_fw-la modico_fw-la freto_fw-la separata_fw-la insula_fw-la accepisset_fw-la a_o qua_fw-la druidum_fw-la superstitio_fw-la manabat_fw-la in_o galliam_n delegit_fw-la ex_fw-la suorum_fw-la sociorum_fw-la numero_fw-la duodecim_fw-la quibus_fw-la josephum_fw-la aramathiensem_fw-la qui_fw-la dominum_fw-la christum_n sepulchro_fw-la condidit_fw-la praefecit_fw-la philip_n the_o apostle_n which_o come_v into_o france_n or_o gallia_n and_o by_o preach_v the_o gospel_n convert_v many_o to_o the_o faith_n when_o he_o understand_v of_o britain_n a_o island_n separate_v from_o thence_o by_o a_o narrow_a sea_n from_o which_o the_o superstition_n of_o the_o druid_n do_v flow_v into_o france_n he_o do_v choose_v twelve_o out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o his_o fellow_n among_o who_o he_o ordain_v for_o ruler_n joseph_n of_o aramathia_n that_o bury_v christ_n another_o write_v in_o this_o manner_n william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o antiquity_n 37._o stowe_n history_n roman_n p._n 37._o of_o glastenbury_n allege_v freculphus_n to_o write_v in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o four_o chapter_n as_o follow_v philip_n the_o apostle_n preach_v the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o gaul_n now_o call_v france_n choose_v out_o twelve_o among_o his_o disciple_n who_o he_o send_v into_o britain_n to_o preach_v the_o word_n of_o life_n and_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o they_o he_o most_o devoute_o stretch_v out_o his_o right_a hand_n over_o these_o he_o appoint_v for_o chief_a his_o dear_a friend_n joseph_n of_o aramathia_n that_o bury_v our_o lord_n a_o other_o protestant_a bishop_n plain_o say_v the_o occasion_n 4._o godwin_n conu_n of_o brit._n p._n 9_o c._n 2._o chronicil_n c._n 4._o of_o josephs_n come_n hither_o freculphus_n bishop_n of_o lexovia_n that_o flourish_v a_o 840._o report_v to_o be_v this_o that_o when_o philip_n the_o apostle_n or_o as_o some_o think_v rather_o the_o evangelist_n for_o their_o action_n be_v much_o confound_v in_o history_n preach_v christ_n in_o france_n have_v much_o to_o do_v with_o the_o druyde_n who_o have_v their_o beginning_n and_o chief_a doctor_n in_o britain_n and_o understand_v that_o this_o our_o island_n be_v separate_v from_o france_n by_o a_o small_a cut_n of_o a_o few_o hour_n sail_n he_o think_v good_a to_o send_v over_o hither_o 12._o preacher_n the_o chief_a where_o of_o be_v joseph_n aforesaid_a thus_o perhaps_o other_o protestant_n do_v write_v and_o may_v be_v cite_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n but_o these_o be_v too_o many_o except_o their_o allegation_n be_v more_o free_a from_o falsehood_n for_o first_o although_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n in_o his_o manuscript_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o glastenbury_n seem_v to_o allege_v freculphus_n for_o s._n philip_n send_v s._n joseph_n hither_o out_o of_o france_n or_o gallia_n yet_o of_o the_o rest_n which_o these_o protestant_n father_n upon_o he_o about_o the_o druid_n and_o all_o other_o circumstance_n set_v down_o before_o he_o write_v not_o one_o word_n never_o mention_v any_o such_o thing_n at_o all_o his_o word_n be_v these_o freculphus_n testatur_fw-la libro_fw-la 2._o cap._n 4._o quod_fw-la philippus_n praedicans_fw-la euangelium_fw-la in_o gallia_n duodecim_fw-la s._n guliel_n malm._n l._n de_fw-la antiq_fw-la glast_n m._n s._n ex_fw-la suis_fw-la discipulis_fw-la elegit_fw-la quos_fw-la misit_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la ad_fw-la praedicandum_fw-la verbum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o super_fw-la singulos_fw-la manum_fw-la dexteram_fw-la devotissimè_fw-la extendit_fw-la hi_o autem_fw-la praefecit_fw-la amicum_fw-la suum_fw-la joseph_n ab_fw-la aramathia_n qui_fw-la dominum_fw-la sepelivit_fw-la venerunt_fw-la his_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la anno_fw-la dominicae_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la 65._o &_o assumptionis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la 15_o freculphus_n in_o his_o second_o book_n and_o four_o chapter_n do_v witness_v that_o philip_n preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o gaul_n do_v choose_v twelve_o of_o his_o disciple_n which_o he_o send_v into_o britain_n to_o preach_v the_o word_n of_o life_n and_o upon_o every_o of_o they_o do_v most_o devoute_o stretch_v forth_o his_o
to_o speacke_v still_o in_o his_o word_n that_o opinion_n do_v not_o only_o blemish_v the_o fame_n of_o so_o holy_a a_o woman_n but_o make_v that_o most_o noble_a constantine_n to_o be_v a_o bastard_n beget_v out_o of_o marriage_n and_o so_o disable_v he_o to_o have_v be_v the_o heir_n of_o helenae_n io._n capgr_n in_o catal_a in_o praefat_fw-la in_o vit._n s._n helenae_n constantius_n either_o king_n or_o emperor_n when_o all_o man_n know_v he_o come_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n talis_fw-la opinio_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la tam_fw-la sanctae_fw-la faeminae_fw-la denigraret_fw-la famam_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsum_fw-la quoque_fw-la nobilissimum_fw-la constantinum_n spurium_fw-la ac_fw-la extra_fw-la sponsalia_fw-la genitum_fw-la comprobaret_fw-la cum_fw-la tamen_fw-la ipsum_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la culmen_fw-la ascendisse_fw-la imperatorium_fw-la neminem_fw-la lateat_fw-la and_o thus_o tax_v the_o author_n of_o ignorance_n ipsis_fw-la forsan_fw-la qui_fw-la ista_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la talia_fw-la placuerunt_fw-la quia_fw-la potiora_fw-la &_o veriora_fw-la invenire_fw-la mi_fw-mi nimè_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la diverse_a foreign_a historian_n as_o baronius_n spondanus_n and_o other_o write_v as_o plain_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o may_v with_o great_a warrant_n for_o as_o cassiodorus_n be_v a_o able_a witness_n it_o be_v but_o a_o pagan_a report_n dicitur_fw-la and_o raise_v first_o by_o zosimus_n that_o most_o malicious_a ethnic_a and_o railer_n against_o constantine_n for_o profess_v and_o advance_v of_o christian_a religion_n and_o renounce_v idolatry_n desertorem_fw-la deorum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o best_a learned_a author_n 2._o m._n aurelius_n cassiodorus_n in_o chronic._n zosimus_n come_v in_o constantino_n l._n 2._o themselves_o which_o in_o any_o sense_n call_v s._n helen_n by_o that_o name_n for_o they_o do_v plain_o confess_v as_o namely_o marianus_n that_o s._n helen_n be_v the_o true_a wife_n of_o constantius_n and_o he_o force_v by_o maximian_n the_o emperor_n to_o put_v she_o away_o and_o take_v theodora_n his_o wife_n daughter_n constantius_n vxorem_fw-la quam_fw-la habuerat_fw-la repudiare_fw-la compulsus_fw-la est_fw-la and_o further_o say_v constantine_n be_v true_a son_n and_o heir_n concubine_n whence_o it_o come_v first_o that_o s._n helen_n be_v call_v concubine_n of_o constantius_n and_o by_o that_o title_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n merito_fw-la religiosus_fw-la pater_fw-la religiosiorem_fw-la filium_fw-la constantinum_n videlicet_fw-la regni_fw-la benè_fw-la parti_fw-la reliquit_fw-la haeredem_fw-la which_o can_v not_o be_v true_o say_v if_o helen_n have_v not_o be_v his_o lawful_a wife_n neither_o can_v constantius_n by_o this_o learned_a and_o holy_a author_n 303._o marian._n a_o 292._o c._n 301._o marian._n l._n 2._o aetat_fw-la 6._o ann._n 305._o col_fw-fr 303._o be_v name_v religiosus_fw-la pater_fw-la a_o religeous_a father_n if_o he_o have_v not_o beget_v his_o son_n in_o lawful_a in_o true_a marriage_n and_o s._n bede_n confess_v from_o eutropius_n that_o constantine_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n in_o britain_n scribit_fw-la autem_fw-la eutropius_n quod_fw-la constantinus_n in_o britanniâ_fw-la creatus_fw-la imperator_fw-la patri_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la successerit_fw-la and_o so_o by_o he_o also_o must_v needs_o be_v his_o lawful_a son_n florentius_n wigorniensis_n write_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o confess_v s._n helen_n to_o have_v be_v here_o in_o britain_n long_o after_o her_o son_n constantine_n be_v emperor_n yet_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a author_n that_o in_o any_o sense_n have_v term_v s._n helen_n by_o that_o 8._o bed_n hist_o l._n 1._o c._n 8._o name_n 4._o it_o be_v evident_a by_o all_o history_n not_o only_o of_o christian_n that_o s._n helen_n be_v 306._o flor._n wigorn._n chron._n an._n 328._o &_o 306._o a_o most_o chaste_a and_o holy_a woman_n and_o that_o constantius_n also_o live_v in_o conjugal_a chastity_n marry_v when_o he_o be_v but_o vounge_a but_o also_o even_o by_o the_o pagan_a writer_n 306._o gallic_n orat._n panagyr_n ad_fw-la constantinum_n apud_fw-la baron_fw-fr tom._n 2._o an._n 306._o henric._n spondan_n ibid._n &_o al._n harris_n hist_n eccl._n tom._n 3._o nichol_n vignier_n biblioth_n histor_n ad_fw-la an._n 306._o themselves_o as_o witness_v gallicanus_n the_o orator_n that_o live_v in_o his_o time_n in_o his_o public_a oration_n to_o his_o son_n constantine_n and_o other_o ab_fw-la ipso_fw-la sine_fw-la pâ—eritiae_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la inisse_fw-la therefore_o s._n helen_n be_v the_o first_o woman_n be_v thus_o wed_v unto_o he_o in_o marriage_n she_o must_v needs_o be_v his_o true_a lawful_a wife_n by_o their_o own_o testimony_n and_o the_o same_o author_n witness_v before_o constantine_n at_o the_o public_a solemnity_n of_o his_o marriage_n with_o fausta_n in_o most_o plain_a and_o express_v word_n that_o constantine_n be_v bear_v in_o britain_n sanê_fw-la ipsum_fw-la constantinum_n in_fw-la britanniâ_fw-la fuisse_fw-la ortum_fw-la diser_n it_o be_v verbis_fw-la coram_fw-la amplissimo_fw-la conuentu_fw-la testatus_fw-la est_fw-la celebris_fw-la ille_fw-la gallic_n anus_fw-la orator_n in_fw-la panegyrico_fw-la dicto_fw-la in_o publicis_fw-la nuptiarum_fw-la eiusdem_fw-la constantini_n cum_fw-la fausta_n solemnitatibus_fw-la so_o testify_v diverse_a writer_n even_o of_o the_o roman_a maximo_fw-la pompon_n laetus_n in_o compend_v hist_o rom._n in_o constant_a maximo_fw-la history_n among_o who_o i_o one_o plain_o say_v that_o constantine_n be_v the_o lawful_a son_n of_o constantius_n and_o helena_n and_o bear_v in_o britain_n and_o that_o his_o father_n constantius_n be_v compel_v by_o herculius_n the_o emperor_n to_o be_v divorce_v from_o helen_n his_o true_a wife_n to_o take_v theodora_n daughter-in-lawe_n of_o that_o emperor_n constantinus_n natus_fw-la est_fw-la in_o britannijs_fw-la patre_fw-la constantio_n matre_fw-la helena_n quam_fw-la vir_fw-la coactus_fw-la fuit_fw-la repudiare_fw-la ut_fw-la theodoram_fw-la privignam_fw-la herculij_fw-la duceret_fw-la eutropius_n plain_o say_v that_o constantine_n be_v the_o son_n of_o constantius_n in_o true_a matrimony_n rom._n eutrop._n l._n 10._o hist_o rom._n constantinus_n ex_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la eius_fw-la filius_fw-la in_o britanniâ_fw-la creatus_fw-la est_fw-la imperator_fw-la constantinus_n manasses_n say_v s._n helen_n be_v the_o wife_n of_o constantius_n and_o a_o annal._n constant_n manass_n l._n annal._n most_o bless_a woman_n habebat_fw-la iam_fw-la tum_fw-la constans_n helenam_fw-la vxorem_fw-la faeminam_fw-la beatissimam_fw-la hunibaldus_n above_o 1000_o year_n since_o relate_v the_o history_n of_o the_o composition_n between_o constantius_n and_o our_o british_a king_n coel_n as_o our_o own_o writer_n do_v constantium_fw-la ut_fw-la coelus_fw-la audivit_fw-la littori_fw-la appli_v cuisse_fw-la nuntios_n misit_fw-la pacem_fw-la francor_n hunibaldê°_n apud_fw-la trithem_n l._n de_fw-fr orig_n francor_n petijt_fw-la romanis_n tributum_fw-la promisit_fw-la tantum_fw-la ut_fw-la regnum_fw-la habeat_fw-la assensit_fw-la constantius_n his_o compactatis_fw-la coelus_fw-la intra_fw-la 40._o dies_fw-la moritur_fw-la cvius_fw-la mox_fw-la filiam_fw-la nomine_fw-la helenam_fw-la cvi_fw-la pulchritudine_fw-la scientiâ_fw-la liberalium_fw-la artium_fw-la peritiâ_fw-la instrumentorum_fw-la musicalium_fw-la pvella_fw-la simulis_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o britanniâ_fw-la constantius_n duxit_fw-la vxorem_fw-la de_fw-la quâ_fw-la genuit_fw-la filium_fw-la nomine_fw-la constantinum_n qui_fw-la patri_fw-la postea_fw-la successit_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la britonun_n sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la contra_fw-la maxentium_fw-la praevaluit_fw-la ad_fw-la imperium_fw-la romanum_fw-la again_o both_o victor_n eusebius_n eutropius_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n be_v witness_n that_o when_o dioclesian_n make_v constantius_n and_o galerius_n caesar_n he_o compel_v they_o to_o put_v away_o both_o their_o lawful_a wyve_n and_o constantius_n to_o put_v away_o s._n helen_n 1._o euseb_n chronic._n an._n 294._o eutro-l_a 9_o hist_o rom._n victor_n in_o diocl._n &_o constantio_n jornand_n lib._n de_fw-fr regn._n succ_fw-la seucrus_n sulpitius_n l._n 2._o hist_o sacrae_fw-la in_o dioclesiano_n &_o maximiano_n theoph._n ceram_fw-la in_o chronogr_n egbert_n abbess_n ser._n 3._o de_fw-la increm_fw-la &_o manif_n catholicae_fw-la fidei_fw-la berengosus_fw-la abbas_n l._n the_o inuentione_n &_o laud_v s._n crucis_fw-la c._n 1._o and_o take_v theodora_n maximion_n herculeus_n his_o daughter-in-lawe_n &_o galerius_n to_o take_v valeria_n his_o own_o daughter_n ambo._fw-la vxores_fw-la quas_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la repudiare_fw-la compulsi_fw-la sunt_fw-la which_o account_n of_o they_o that_o s._n helen_n be_v thus_o put_v away_o in_o the_o year_n 294._o invincible_o prove_v how_o according_a to_o eusebius_n and_o many_o other_o before_o set_v down_o the_o age_n of_o constantine_n to_o have_v be_v above_o 60._o year_n that_o s._n helen_n have_v then_o be_v 20._o year_n the_o wife_n of_o constantius_n severus_n sulpitius_n do_v not_o only_o call_v s._n helen_n the_o true_a wife_n of_o constantius_n but_o say_v she_o be_v empress_n both_o in_o her_o husband_n and_o son_n time_n helena_n mater_fw-la constantini_n quae_fw-la augusta_n cum_fw-la filio_fw-la conregnabat_fw-la which_o prove_v she_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o coel_n our_o british_a king_n by_o which_o title_n only_o she_o reign_v with_o constantine_n theophanes_n cepameus_n a_o
old_a greek_a writer_n say_v they_o be_v arrian_n heretic_n &_o pagan_n which_v deny_v constantine_n to_o be_v legitmate_n and_o that_o they_o lie_v therein_o ariani_n &_o pagani_n calumniantur_fw-la uti_fw-la spurium_fw-la magnun_n constantinum_n quin_n &_o ipsi_fw-la mentiuntur_fw-la egbertus_fw-la say_v she_o be_v queen_n and_o mother_n of_o constantine_n berengosus_fw-la a_o eye_n witness_n of_o the_o most_o thing_n write_v of_o she_o say_v first_o she_o be_v a_o queen_n helena_n regina_fw-la and_o so_o the_o lawful_a wife_n of_o constantius_n for_o the_o concubine_n of_o the_o great_a king_n or_o emperor_n that_o ever_o be_v be_v not_o thereby_o a_o queen_n in_o such_o sense_n as_o these_o author_n name_v she_o queen_n to_o rule_n and_o govern_v augusta_n cum_fw-la filio_fw-la conregnabat_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o lawful_a true_a wife_n of_o king_n be_v term_v queen_n by_o such_o worthy_a author_n except_o they_o be_v queen_n by_o title_n of_o inheritance_n or_o such_o like_a as_o our_o antiquary_n write_v of_o queen_n helen_n that_o she_o be_v daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o her_o father_n king_n palace_n s._n helen_n her_o sumptuous_a palace_n coel._n which_o this_o worthy_a author_n do_v also_o though_o a_o stranger_n to_o we_o confirm_v when_o he_o prove_v she_o be_v of_o a_o most_o noble_a parentage_n and_o by_o experimental_a sup_n idem_fw-la berengosus_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 2._o sup_n argument_n because_o he_o have_v see_v the_o old_a building_n of_o her_o stately_a palace_n continue_v in_o his_o time_n the_o pavement_n whereof_o be_v marble_n and_o toochstone_n the_o most_o regal_a palace_n in_o all_o those_o part_n the_o wall_n be_v guild_v with_o gold_n her_o chamber_n be_v so_o sumptuous_a that_o the_o like_a be_v not_o in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o free_v she_o from_o all_o slander_n the_o chamber_n of_o her_o heart_n and_o soul_n be_v far_o more_o pure_a and_o in_o all_o thing_n she_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o yet_o external_o please_v her_o husband_n constantius_n although_o more_o please_a to_o god_n then_o to_o her_o husband_n nobilitatem_fw-la eius_fw-la apud_fw-la treviros_fw-la aedificiorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la adhuc_fw-la antiqua_fw-la testatur_fw-la gentilitas_fw-la ubi_fw-la pavimentum_fw-la domus_fw-la illius_fw-la varijs_fw-la marmoribus_fw-la &_o pario_fw-la quondam_a lapide_fw-la stratum_fw-la benè_fw-la declarat_fw-la quantum_fw-la ibi_fw-la prae_fw-la aliis_fw-la videretur_fw-la habere_fw-la primatum_fw-la praeterea_fw-la vero_fw-la ipsa_fw-la planity_n parietum_fw-la fuluo_fw-la auro_fw-la velut_fw-la hiacinthino_n textu_fw-la depicta_fw-la bene_fw-la testabatur_fw-la insignia_fw-la nobilitatis_fw-la eius_fw-la invictae_fw-la insuper_fw-la etiam_fw-la praediorum_fw-la eius_fw-la copiae_fw-la ecclesijs_fw-la dei_fw-la olim_fw-la collatae_fw-la bene_fw-la declarant_fw-la quam_fw-la nobilissima_fw-la generis_fw-la polleret_fw-la antiquitate_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o cubile_fw-la ipsius_fw-la aureis_fw-la setis_fw-la instructum_fw-la &_o insignitum_fw-la nobilitatem_fw-la quodammodo_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la quasi_fw-la romanorum_fw-la testabatur_fw-la quiritum_fw-la maximè_fw-la cum_fw-la ab_fw-la ortu_fw-la solis_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ultimam_fw-la thyle_n cubili_fw-la huic_fw-la simile_n non_fw-la posset_n inveniri_fw-la quia_fw-la cubiculum_fw-la cordis_fw-la svi_fw-la cubicularius_fw-la ille_fw-la nulla_fw-la unquam_fw-la inquinavit_fw-la pollutione_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la scriptum_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la cubili_fw-la svo_fw-la astitit_fw-la omni_fw-la viae_fw-la non_fw-la bonae_fw-la quoniam_fw-la intrinsecus_fw-la tantis_fw-la ac_fw-la talibus_fw-la decorata_fw-la fuit_fw-la virtutibus_fw-la idcirco_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la divinis_fw-la placebat_fw-la obtutibus_fw-la quia_fw-la vero_fw-la specie_fw-la suâ_fw-la &_o pulchritudine_fw-la forinsecus_fw-la erat_fw-la ornata_fw-la ideo_fw-la viro_fw-la svo_fw-la constantio_n amabilis_fw-la videbatur_fw-la &_o grata_fw-la quoniam_fw-la internae_fw-la pietatis_fw-la &_o aeternae_fw-la pulchritudinis_fw-la ita_fw-la instructa_fw-la est_fw-la norma_fw-la ut_fw-la &_o deo_fw-la placeret_fw-la in_o animâ_fw-la &_o constantio_n in_o formâ_fw-la secundum_fw-la enim_fw-la opinionem_fw-la vulgi_fw-la &_o veritatem_fw-la rei_fw-la officiosa_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o obsequio_fw-la viri_fw-la sed_fw-la officiosior_fw-la ad_fw-la obsequium_fw-la dei_fw-la quoniam_fw-la amor_fw-la constantij_fw-la &_o dei_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o cord_n illius_fw-la duplici_fw-la ratione_fw-la fuit_fw-la distinctus_fw-la ut_fw-la &_o constantio_n exterius_fw-la &_o deo_fw-la subderetur_fw-la interius_fw-la 5._o thus_o we_o see_v how_o far_o this_o most_o bless_a and_o noble_a queen_n and_o empress_n be_v in_o all_o time_n from_o be_v base_a either_o by_o birth_n or_o conversation_n such_o sanctity_n of_o life_n can_v never_o agree_v with_o that_o foul_a name_n by_o which_o some_o have_v so_o wrongeful_o term_v she_o such_o parentage_n palace_n and_o revenue_n able_a to_o entertain_v the_o great_a prince_n according_a to_o their_o state_n and_o dignity_n must_v denominate_v their_o noble_a owner_n with_o better_a term_n and_o attribute_n than_o hostess_n innkeeper_n stabularia_fw-la except_o we_o will_v expound_v they_o in_o so_o large_a a_o sense_n that_o we_o shall_v so_o style_v abraham_n and_o loth_n that_o lodge_v the_o angel_n those_o that_o entertain_v christ_n all_o receiver_n of_o king_n prince_n and_o emperor_n and_o all_o harbourer_n and_o exerciser_n of_o hospitality_n for_o so_o both_o s._n helen_n and_o king_n coel_n entertain_v constantius_n the_o one_o a_o husband_n the_o other_o a_o son_n in_o law_n as_o prince_n use_v it_o seem_v this_o palace_n and_o land_n in_o and_o about_o trever_n to_o have_v descend_v to_o s._n helen_n by_o her_o mother_n or_o some_o ancestor_n of_o that_o country_n for_o both_o beringosus_n say_v s._n helen_n be_v bring_v up_o at_o trever_n helena_n treviro-indigena_a civitatis_fw-la and_o ottho_n frisingensis_n say_v she_o be_v by_o some_o of_o her_o ancestor_n 45._o berengos_fw-la supr_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 1._o ottho_fw-la frisingen_n chron._n l._n 4._o c._n 45._o come_v from_o thence_o helena_n ex_fw-la pago_n trevirorum_fw-la oriunda_fw-la and_o trever_v be_v at_o that_o time_n the_o most_o renown_a place_n of_o those_o country_n for_o nobility_n learning_n and_o christian_a relegion_n and_o she_o the_o only_a child_n of_o her_o father_n king_n coel_n and_o to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n he_o send_v she_o thither_o to_o have_v the_o most_o noble_a education_n and_o there_o it_o be_v probable_o where_o she_o first_o come_v to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o constantius_n then_o live_v in_o those_o part_n and_o this_o make_v the_o atonement_n between_o constantius_n for_o the_o roman_n and_o king_n coel_n to_o be_v so_o soon_o and_o peaceable_o effect_v without_o any_o effusion_n of_o blood_n as_o our_o antiquity_n testify_v whereof_o it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o give_v any_o other_o reason_n in_o any_o moral_a judgement_n 6._o this_o marriage_n between_o constantius_n and_o s._n helena_n daughter_n of_o king_n coel_n be_v prove_v by_o many_o other_o foreign_a historian_n so_o have_v the_o ancient_a bishop_n 29._o jacob_n genuen_n in_o s._n helena_n trithem_n l._n de_fw-fr orig._n francorum_fw-la io._n naucler_n chron._n generate_fw-la 6._o p._n 565._o hist_o manuscr_n gallic_n antiq._n c._n 29._o jacobus_n genuensis_n and_o trithemius_n so_o plain_o write_v nauclerus_fw-la constantius_n caesar_n in_o britanniam_fw-la missus_fw-la insulam_fw-la romanis_n pacavit_fw-la eamque_fw-la post_fw-la interitum_fw-la coelis_fw-la ductâ_fw-la illius_fw-la filiâ_fw-la helenâ_fw-la uxore_fw-la solus_fw-la administravit_fw-la a_o very_a old_a french_a manuscript_n have_v thus_o constans_n come_v into_o britain_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n coelreign_v over_o britain_n and_o take_v helen_n daughter_n of_o coel_n to_o wife_n this_o helen_n be_v a_o woman_n of_o great_a virtue_n and_o pass_v in_o beauty_n all_o the_o maid_n of_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n and_o there_o be_v not_o find_v any_o other_o so_o learned_a in_o instrument_n of_o music_n and_o the_o 7._o liberal_a arts._n for_o her_o father_n coel_n have_v no_o other_o child_n which_o may_v govern_v the_o realm_n after_o he_o and_o therefore_o procure_v that_o she_o be_v so_o learned_a that_o she_o may_v reign_v after_o he_o bouchet_n say_v cohel_n duke_n of_o cohelcester_n slay_v asclepiodotus_n in_o magno_fw-la bouchet_n annal_n the_o aquitaine_n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o nicholas_n giles_n annal._n de_fw-la france_n f._n 8._o p._n 2._o zonara_n annal._n tom._n 2._o in_o diocletiano_n &_o constante_n zonar_n sup_v in_o constantino_n magno_fw-la battle_n and_o be_v make_v king_n of_o britain_n constantius_n marry_v his_o daughter_n helena_n and_o have_v constantine_n by_o she_o an_o other_o french_a historian_n say_v helena_n mother_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a be_v daughter_n of_o coel_n king_n of_o the_o britan_n and_o whereas_o some_o will_v have_v zonaras_n to_o be_v a_o mover_n of_o this_o question_n it_o be_v most_o clear_a that_o zonara_n plain_o say_v s._n helen_n be_v the_o first_o and_o true_a wife_n of_o constantius_n constantine_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o so_o declare_v his_o lawful_a heir_n &_o successor_n filio_fw-la natu_fw-la maiore_fw-la magno_fw-la videlicet_fw-la constantino_n ex_fw-la priore_fw-la coniuge_fw-la imperij_fw-la