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sense_n word_n worthy_a writer_n 33 3 7.8023 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A28982 A free enquiry into the vulgarly receiv'd notion of nature made in an essay address'd to a friend / by R.B., Fellow of the Royal Society. Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691. 1686 (1686) Wing B3979; ESTC R11778 140,528 442

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particular_a occasion_n the_o welfare_n of_o inferior_a or_o private_a portion_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v only_o so_o far_o provide_v for_o as_o their_o welfare_n be_v consistent_a with_o the_o general_a law_n settle_v by_o god_n in_o the_o universe_n and_o with_o such_o of_o those_o end_n that_o he_o propose_v to_o himself_o in_o frame_v it_o as_o be_v more_o considerable_a than_o the_o welfare_n of_o those_o particular_a creature_n upon_o these_o ground_n if_o we_o set_v aside_o the_o consideration_n of_o miracle_n as_o thing_n supernatural_a and_o of_o those_o instance_n wherein_o the_o providence_n of_o the_o great_a rector_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o human_a affair_n be_v please_v peculiarly_a to_o interpose_v it_o may_v be_v rational_o say_v that_o god_n have_v a_o infinite_a understanding_n to_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v at_o once_o in_o a_o manner_n present_a do_v by_o virtue_n of_o it_o clear_o discern_v what_o will_v happen_v in_o consequence_n of_o the_o law_n by_o he_o 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that_o this_o death_n which_o be_v say_v to_o do_v so_o many_o and_o such_o wonderful_a thing_n be_v neither_o a_o substance_n nor_o a_o positive_a entity_n but_o a_o mere_a privation_n we_o shall_v i_o trust_v the_o less_o believe_v that_o the_o feat_n ascribe_v to_o nature_n do_v infer_v that_o there_o be_v real_o such_o a_o physical_a agent_n as_o be_v suppose_v and_o now_o have_v as_o i_o presume_v clear_v our_o enquiry_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v yet_o necessary_a and_o it_o will_v be_v further_o do_v hereafter_o from_o those_o prejudices_fw-la that_o may_v make_v the_o attempt_n be_v censure_v before_o it_o be_v examine_v i_o proceed_v to_o the_o inquiry_n itself_o wherein_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v but_o with_o the_o brevity_n my_o want_n of_o leisure_n exact_v to_o do_v these_o six_o thing_n first_o to_o give_v you_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o great_a ambiguity_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n arise_v from_o its_o various_a acception_n second_o to_o show_v you_o that_o the_o 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to_o prevent_v both_o mistake_n and_o the_o necessity_n of_o interrupt_v the_o series_n of_o our_o discourse_n to_o set_v down_o two_o or_o three_o advertisement_n 1._o when_o any_o where_o in_o this_o tract_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o the_o peripatetic_n as_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v to_o impute_v to_o he_o all_o the_o sentiment_n of_o those_o that_o will_v be_v think_v his_o follower_n some_o of_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o have_v much_o mistake_v his_o true_a meaning_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n i_o do_v not_o conceive_v that_o my_o design_n oblige_v i_o to_o inquire_v anxious_o into_o his_o true_a sentiment_n whether_o about_o the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o universe_n as_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v self-existent_a as_o well_o as_o eternal_a or_o about_o less_o important_a point_n since_o beside_o that_o his_o expression_n be_v oftentimes_o dark_a and_o ambiguous_a enough_o and_o the_o thing_n he_o deliver_v in_o several_a passage_n do_v 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without_o frequent_o interrupt_v and_o disorder_v my_o discourse_n by_o exception_n that_o will_v either_o make_v it_o appear_v intricate_a or_o will_v be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o you_o or_o any_o other_o that_o you_o may_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v my_o reader_n i_o think_v i_o may_v for_o other_o ease_v and_o my_o own_o be_v allow_v to_o set_v aside_o the_o consideration_n of_o it_o in_o the_o present_a treatise_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v according_a to_o the_o receive_a opinion_n the_o work_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v not_o want_v in_o they_o subject_n more_o than_o sufficient_o numerous_a whereon_o to_o make_v our_o examen_fw-la though_o i_o shall_v here_o consider_v the_o world_n but_o as_o the_o great_a system_n of_o thing_n corporeal_a as_o it_o once_o real_o be_v towards_o the_o close_a of_o the_o six_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n when_o god_n have_v finish_v all_o his_o material_a work_n but_o have_v not_o yet_o 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difficulty_n of_o the_o task_n that_o the_o design_n of_o a_o free_a inquiry_n put_v i_o upon_o for_o it_o be_v far_o more_o difficult_a than_o any_o one_o that_o have_v not_o try_v and_o i_o do_v not_o know_v that_o any_o man_n have_v will_v imagine_v to_o discourse_n long_o of_o the_o corporeal_a work_n of_o god_n and_o especial_o of_o the_o operation_n and_o phaenomena_n that_o be_v attribute_v to_o nature_n and_o yet_o decline_v make_v oftentimes_o use_v of_o that_o term_n or_o form_n of_o speech_n whereof_o it_o be_v a_o main_a part_n without_o much_o more_o frequent_a and_o perhaps_o tedious_a circumlocution_n than_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v easy_o excuse_v i_o if_o partly_o to_o shun_v these_o and_o to_o avoid_v use_v often_o the_o same_o word_n too_o near_o one_o another_o and_o partly_o out_o of_o unwillingness_n to_o employ_v vulgar_a term_n likely_a to_o occasion_n or_o countenance_n vulgar_a error_n i_o have_v 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the_o term_n it_o be_v put_v to_o signify_v namely_o god_n whole_o discard_n a_o expression_n which_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v harsh_a and_o needless_a and_o in_o use_n only_o among_o the_o schoolman_n seem_v not_o to_o i_o very_o suitable_a to_o the_o profound_a reverence_n we_o owe_v the_o divine_a majesty_n since_o it_o seem_v to_o make_v the_o creator_n differ_v too_o little_a by_o far_o from_o a_o create_v not_o to_o say_v a_o imaginary_a be_v 2._o instead_o of_o nature_n in_o the_o second_o sense_n for_o that_o on_o who_o account_n a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o be_v so_o call_v we_o may_v employ_v the_o word_n essence_n which_o be_v of_o great_a affinity_n to_o it_o if_o not_o of_o a_o adequate_a import_n and_o sometime_o also_o we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n quiddity_n which_o though_o a_o somewhat_o barbarous_a term_n be_v yet_o frequent_o employ_v and_o well_o enough_o understand_v in_o the_o school_n and_o which_o be_v more_o considerable_a be_v very_o comprehensive_a and_o yet_o free_a enough_o from_o ambiguity_n 3._o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n nature_n take_v in_o the_o three_o sense_n of_o it_o for_o what_o belong_v to_o a_o live_a creature_n at_o its_o nativity_n or_o accrue_v to_o it_o by_o its_o birth_n may_v be_v express_v sometime_o by_o say_v that_o a_o man_n or_o other_o animal_n be_v bear_v so_o and_o sometime_o by_o say_v that_o a_o thing_n have_v be_v generate_v such_o and_o sometime_o also_o that_o it_o be_v thus_o or_o thus_o qualify_v by_o its_o original_a temperament_n and_o constitution_n 4._o instead_o of_o the_o word_n nature_n take_v in_o the_o four_o acception_n for_n a_o internal_a principle_n of_o local_a motion_n we_o may_v say_v sometime_o that_o this_o or_o that_o body_n move_v as_o it_o be_v or_o else_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o move_v spontaneous_o or_o of_o its_o own_o accord_n upward_o downward_o etc._n etc._n or_o that_o it_o be_v put_v into_o this_o or_o that_o motion_n or_o determine_v to_o this_o or_o that_o action_n by_o the_o concourse_n of_o such_o or_o such_o proper_a cause_n 5._o for_o nature_n in_o the_o five_o signification_n for_o the_o establish_a course_n of_o thing_n corporeal_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o substitute_v what_o it_o denote_v the_o establish_a order_n or_o the_o settle_a course_n of_o thing_n 6._o instead_o of_o nature_n in_o the_o six_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n for_n as_o aggregate_v of_o the_o power_n belong_v to_o a_o body_n especial_o a_o live_v one_o we_o may_v employ_v the_o constitution_n temperament_n or_o the_o mechanism_n or_o the_o complex_fw-la of_o the_o essential_a property_n or_o quality_n and_o sometime_o the_o condition_n the_o structure_n or_o the_o texture_n of_o that_o body_n and_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a portion_n of_o the_o world_n we_o may_v make_v use_n of_o one_o or_o other_o of_o these_o term_n fabric_n of_o the_o world_n system_n of_o the_o universe_n cosmical_a mechanism_n or_o the_o like_a 7._o where_o man_n 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but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o remedy_n i_o propose_v against_o the_o future_a mischief_n of_o the_o confuse_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n and_o the_o phrase_n ground_v on_o it_o for_o beside_o the_o synonymous_n word_n and_o more_o literal_a interpretation_n late_o propose_v a_o dextrous_a writer_n may_v oftentimes_o be_v able_a to_o give_v such_o a_o form_n or_o as_o the_o modern_a frenchman_n speak_v such_o a_o tour_n to_o his_o many-way_n variable_a expression_n as_o to_o avoid_v the_o necessity_n of_o make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n or_o sometime_o so_o much_o as_o of_o those_o short_a term_n that_o have_v be_v late_o substitute_v in_o its_o place_n and_o to_o all_o this_o i_o must_v add_v that_o though_o one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o eight_o forementioned_a term_n or_o phrase_n as_o quiddity_n and_o cosmical_a mechanism_n be_v barbarous_a or_o ungenteel_a and_o some_o other_o expression_n be_v less_o short_a than_o the_o word_n nature_n yet_o it_o be_v more_o the_o interest_n of_o philosophy_n to_o tolerate_v a_o harsh_a term_n that_o have_v be_v long_o receive_v in_o the_o school_n in_o a_o determinate_a sense_n and_o bear_v with_o some_o paraphrastical_a expression_n than_o not_o to_o avoid_v a_o ambiguity_n that_o be_v liable_a to_o such_o great_a inconvenience_n as_o have_v be_v late_o or_o may_v be_v hereafter_o represent_v there_o be_v i_o know_v some_o learned_a man_n who_o perhaps_o be_v startle_v to_o find_v nature_n usual_o speak_v of_o so_o much_o like_o a_o kind_n of_o goddess_n will_v have_v the_o nature_n of_o every_o thing_n to_o be_v only_o the_o law_n that_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o creator_n and_o according_a to_o which_o it_o act_v on_o all_o occasion_n and_o this_o opinion_n seem_v much_o of_o kin_n to_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o famous_a
account_n as_o they_o think_v of_o religion_n against_o the_o care_n i_o take_v to_o decline_v the_o frequent_a use_n of_o that_o word_n nature_n in_o the_o vulgar_a notion_n of_o it_o reserve_v to_o another_o and_o fit_a place_n some_o other_o thing_n that_o may_v relate_v to_o the_o theological_a scruple_n if_o any_o occur_v to_o i_o that_o our_o free_a inquiry_n may_v occasion_v the_o philosophical_a reason_n that_o incline_v i_o to_o forbear_v as_o much_o as_o convenient_o i_o can_v the_o frequent_a use_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n and_o the_o form_n of_o speech_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v a_o term_n of_o great_a ambiguity_n on_o which_o score_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o be_v frequent_o and_o unwary_o employ_v it_o have_v occasion_v much_o darkness_n and_o confusion_n in_o many_o man_n write_n and_o discourse_n and_o i_o little_a doubt_n but_o that_o other_o will_v make_v the_o like_a observation_n if_o early_o prejudices_fw-la and_o universal_a custom_n do_v not_o keep_v they_o from_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v by_o the_o just_a veneration_n i_o owe_v and_o pay_v religion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o a_o term_n so_o inconvenient_a to_o philosophy_n for_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o for_o many_o age_n the_o israelite_n that_o then_o be_v the_o only_a people_n and_o church_n of_o god_n make_v use_v of_o the_o word_n nature_n in_o the_o vulgar_a notion_n of_o it_o moses_n in_o the_o whole_a history_n of_o the_o creation_n where_o it_o have_v be_v so_o proper_a to_o bring_v in_o this_o first_o of_o second_o cause_n have_v not_o a_o word_n of_o nature_n and_o whereas_o philosopher_n presume_v that_o she_o by_o her_o plastic_a power_n and_o skill_n form_n plant_n and_o animal_n out_o of_o the_o universal_a matter_n the_o divine_a historian_n ascribe_v the_o formation_n of_o they_o to_o god_n immediate_a fiat_n gen._n i_o 11._o and_o god_n say_v let_v the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o grass_n and_o the_o herb_n yield_v seed_n and_o the_o fruit_n tree_n yield_v fruit_n after_o his_o kind_n etc._n etc._n and_o again_o vers._n 24_o god_n say_v let_v the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o the_o live_a creature_n after_o its_o kind_n etc._n etc._n vers._n 25_o and_o god_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o nature_n make_v the_o beast_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o his_o kind_n and_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o any_o one_o hebrew_a word_n that_o proper_o signify_v nature_n in_o the_o sense_n we_o take_v it_o in_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o our_o english_a translator_n of_o the_o bible_n be_v not_o more_o fortunate_a in_o that_o than_o i_o for_o have_v purposely_o consult_v a_o late_a concordance_n i_o find_v not_o that_o word_n nature_n in_o any_o text_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n so_o likewise_o though_o job_n david_n and_o solomon_n and_o other_o israelitish_n writer_n do_v on_o divers_a occasion_n many_o time_n mention_v the_o corporeal_a work_n of_o god_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o nature_n which_o our_o philosopher_n will_v have_v his_o great_a vicegerent_n in_o what_o relate_v to_o they_o to_o which_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o add_v that_o though_o the_o late_a famous_a rabbi_n menasseh_n ben_n israel_n have_v purposely_o write_v a_o book_n of_o numerous_a problem_n touch_v the_o creation_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o he_o employ_v the_o word_n nature_n in_o the_o receive_a notion_n of_o it_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o any_o of_o god_n mundane_a creature_n and_o when_o st._n paul_n himself_o who_o be_v no_o stranger_n to_o the_o heathen_a learning_n write_v to_o the_o corinthian_n who_o be_v greek_o speak_v of_o the_o production_n of_o corn_n out_o of_o seed_n sow_v he_o do_v not_o attribute_v the_o produce_v body_n to_o nature_n but_o when_o he_o have_v speak_v of_o a_o grain_n of_o wheat_n 38._o or_o some_o other_o seed_n put_v into_o the_o ground_n he_o add_v that_o god_n give_v it_o such_o a_o body_n as_o he_o please_v and_o to_o every_o seed_n it_o be_v own_o body_n i._n e._n the_o body_n belong_v to_o its_o kind_n and_o a_o great_a than_o st._n paul_n speak_v of_o the_o gaudiness_n of_o the_o lily_n or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o tulip_n use_v this_o expression_n if_o god_n so_o clothe_v the_o grass_n of_o the_o field_n etc._n etc._n matt._n vi_fw-la 28_o 29_o 30._o the_o celebration_n that_o david_n job_n and_o other_o holy_a hebrew_n mention_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n make_v a_o occasion_n of_o the_o admirable_a work_n they_o contemplate_v in_o the_o universe_n be_v address_v direct_o to_o god_n himself_o without_o take_v notice_n of_o nature_n of_o this_o i_o can_v multiply_v instance_n but_o shall_v here_o for_o brevity_n sake_n be_v content_v to_o name_v a_o few_o take_v from_o the_o book_n of_o psalm_n alone_o in_o the_o hundred_o of_o those_o hymn_n the_o penman_n of_o it_o make_v this_o that_o god_n have_v make_v we_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o exhortation_n to_o enter_v into_o his_o gate_n with_o thanksgiving_n and_o into_o his_o court_n with_o praise_n psal._n lxxix_o 34._o and_o in_o another_o let_v the_o heaven_n and_o earth_n praise_n god_n that_o be_v give_v man_n ground_n and_o occasion_n to_o praise_n him_n congruous_o to_o what_o david_n elsewhere_o say_v to_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o the_o universe_n all_o thy_o work_n be_v shall_v praise_v thou_o o_o lord_n and_o thy_o saint_n shall_v bless_v thou_o psal._n cxlv_o 10._o and_o in_o another_o of_o the_o sacred_a hymn_n the_o same_o royal_a poet_n say_v to_o his_o maker_n thou_o have_v cover_v i_o in_o my_o mother_n womb_n i_o will_v praise_v thou_o for_o i_o be_o fearful_o and_o wonderful_o make_v marvellous_a be_v thy_o work_n and_o that_o my_o soul_n know_v right_a well_o psal._n cxxxix_o 13_o 14._o i_o have_v sometime_o doubt_v whether_o one_o may_v not_o on_o this_o occasion_n add_v that_o if_o man_n will_v need_v take_v in_o a_o be_v subordinate_a to_o god_n for_o the_o management_n of_o the_o world_n it_o seem_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o depute_v angel_n to_o that_o charge_n than_o nature_n for_o i_o consider_v that_o as_o to_o the_o celestial_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n in_o comparison_n of_o which_o the_o sublunary_a be_v not_o perhaps_o the_o ten-thousandth_a part_n both_o the_o heathen_a aristotelian_n and_o the_o school_n philosopher_n among_o the_o christian_n teach_v the_o celestial_a orb_n to_o be_v move_v or_o guide_v by_o intelligence_n or_o angel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o low_a or_o sublunary_a world_n beside_o that_o the_o holy_a write_n teach_v we_o that_o angel_n have_v be_v often_o employ_v by_o god_n for_o the_o government_n of_o kingdom_n as_o be_v evident_a out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o daniel_n and_o the_o welfare_n and_o punishment_n of_o particular_a person_n one_o of_o those_o glorious_a spirit_n be_v in_o the_o apocalypse_n express_o style_v the_o angel_n of_o the_o water_n 5._o which_o title_n divers_a learned_a interpreter_n think_v to_o be_v give_v he_o because_o of_o his_o charge_n or_o office_n to_o oversee_v and_o preserve_v the_o water_n and_o i_o remember_v that_o in_o the_o same_o book_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o a_o angel_n that_o have_v power_n 18._o authority_n or_o jurisdiction_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d over_o the_o fire_n and_o though_o the_o excellent_a grotius_n give_v another_o conjecture_n of_o the_o title_n give_v the_o angel_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o his_o note_n upon_o the_o next_o verse_n save_o one_o 7._o he_o teach_v that_o there_o be_v a_o angel_n appoint_v to_o preserve_v the_o soul_n that_o be_v keep_v under_o the_o altar_n there-mentioned_a and_o if_o we_o take_v the_o angel_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v the_o guardian_n or_o conserver_n of_o they_o perhaps_o as_o the_o roman_n in_o who_o empire_n st._n john_n write_v have_v special_a officer_n to_o look_v to_o their_o aqueduct_n and_o other_o water_n it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v upon_o the_o by_o that_o he_o be_v introduce_v praise_v he_o and_o his_o fellow-spirit_n great_a creator_n which_o be_v a_o act_n of_o religion_n that_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v none_o of_o the_o naturist_n whether_o pagan_a or_o even_a christian_n ever_o mention_v their_o nature_n to_o have_v perform_v i_o know_v it_o may_v on_o this_o occasion_n be_v allege_v that_o subordinata_fw-la non_fw-la pugnant_fw-la and_o nature_n be_v god_n vicegerent_n her_o work_n be_v indeed_o he_o but_o that_o he_o have_v such_o a_o vicegerent_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a business_n of_o this_o discourse_n to_o call_v in_o question_n and_o till_o the_o affirmative_a be_v solid_o prove_v nay_o and_o though_o it_o be_v so_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v excuse_v if_o with_o
moses_n job_n and_o david_n i_o call_v the_o creature_n i_o admire_v in_o the_o visiible_a world_n the_o work_n of_o god_n not_o of_o nature_n and_o praise_v rather_o he_o than_o her_o for_o the_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n display_v in_o they_o since_o among_o the_o israelite_n till_o they_o be_v overrun_v and_o corrupt_v by_o idolatrous_a nation_n there_o be_v for_o many_o age_n a_o deep_a silence_n of_o such_o a_o be_v as_o we_o now_o call_v nature_n and_o i_o think_v it_o much_o more_o safe_a and_o fit_a to_o speak_v as_o do_v those_o who_o for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n than_o which_o the_o heathen_a poet_n and_o philosopher_n who_o be_v very_o prone_a to_o ascribe_v divinity_n to_o his_o creature_n and_o sometime_o even_o to_o their_o own_o i_o mention_v these_o thing_n not_o with_o design_n to_o engage_v in_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o authority_n or_o use_v of_o the_o scripture_n in_o physical_a speculation_n but_o to_o obviate_v or_o remove_v a_o prejudice_n that_o as_o i_o former_o intimate_v i_o fear_v may_v be_v take_v up_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o theology_n or_o religion_n against_o my_o studious_o unfrequent_a employ_v the_o word_n nature_n in_o the_o vulgar_a sense_n of_o it_o by_o show_v that_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o scripture_n be_v not_o design_v to_o teach_v we_o high_o and_o more_o necessary_a truth_n than_o those_o that_o concern_v body_n and_o be_v discoverable_a by_o the_o mere_a light_n of_o reason_n both_o its_o expression_n and_o its_o silence_n give_v more_o countenance_n to_o our_o hypothesis_n than_o to_o that_o of_o the_o naturist_n sect_n iv._o iii_o have_v show_v that_o the_o definition_n give_v of_o nature_n by_o aristotle_n himself_o as_o great_a a_o logician_n as_o he_o be_v have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v so_o much_o as_o his_o interpreter_n and_o disciple_n what_o his_o own_o idea_n of_o nature_n be_v it_o will_v be_v to_o little_a purpose_n to_o trouble_v you_o and_o myself_o with_o inquire_v into_o the_o definition_n and_o dispute_n of_o other_o peripatetic_n about_o so_o obscure_a and_o perplex_v a_o subject_a especial_o since_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n in_o this_o tract_n solicitous_o to_o examine_v what_o aristotle_n think_v nature_n to_o be_v but_o what_o be_v to_o be_v think_v of_o the_o vulgar_o receive_v notion_n of_o nature_n and_o though_o of_o this_o the_o school_n have_v be_v the_o chief_a propagator_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o master_n aristotle_n definition_n yet_o the_o best_a way_n i_o know_v to_o investigate_v the_o common_o receive_v opinion_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o consider_v what_o effata_fw-la or_o axiom_n do_v pass_v for_o current_n about_o she_o and_o what_o title_n and_o epithet_n be_v unanimous_o give_v she_o both_o by_o philosopher_n and_o other_o writer_n and_o by_o the_o generality_n of_o man_n that_o have_v occasion_n to_o discourse_n of_o she_o and_o her_o act_n of_o these_o axiom_n and_o epithet_n the_o principal_n see_v to_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v natura_fw-la est_fw-la sapientissima_fw-la adeoque_fw-la opus_fw-la naturae_fw-la est_fw-la opus_fw-la intelligentiae_fw-la 11._o natura_fw-la nihil_fw-la facit_fw-la frustra_fw-la natura_fw-la sine_fw-la svo_fw-la nunquam_fw-la excidit_fw-la 22._o natura_fw-la semper_fw-la facit_fw-la quod_fw-la optimum_fw-la est_fw-la natura_fw-la semper_fw-la agit_fw-fr per_fw-la vias_fw-la brevissimas_fw-la natura_fw-la neque_fw-la redundat_fw-la in_o superfluis_fw-la neque_fw-la deficit_fw-la in_o necessariis_fw-la omnis_fw-la natura_fw-la est_fw-la conservatrix_fw-la svi_fw-la natura_fw-la est_fw-la morborum_fw-la medicatrix_fw-la natura_fw-la semper_fw-la invigilat_fw-la conservationi_fw-la vniversi_fw-la natura_fw-la vacuum_fw-la horret_fw-la from_o all_o these_o particular_n put_v together_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o vulgar_a notion_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v convenient_o enough_o express_v by_o some_o such_o description_n as_o this_o nature_n be_v a_o most_o wise_a be_v that_o do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a do_v not_o miss_v of_o her_o end_n do_v always_o that_o which_o of_o the_o thing_n she_o can_v do_v be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v and_o this_o she_o do_v by_o the_o most_o direct_a or_o compendious_a way_n neither_o employ_v any_o thing_n superfluous_a nor_o be_v want_v in_o thing_n necessary_a she_o teach_v &_o incline_v every_o one_o of_o her_o work_n to_o preserve_v itself_o and_o as_o in_o the_o microcosm_n man_n it_o be_v she_o that_o be_v the_o curer_n of_o disease_n so_o in_o the_o macrocosm_n the_o world_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n she_o abhor_v a_o vacuum_n make_v particular_a body_n act_v contrary_a to_o their_o own_o inclination_n and_o interest_n to_o prevent_v it_o for_o the_o public_a good_n what_o i_o think_v of_o the_o particular_n that_o make_v up_o this_o paneygrical_a description_n of_o nature_n will_v god_n permit_v be_v tell_v you_o in_o due_a place_n my_o present_a work_n be_v only_o to_o make_v you_o the_o clear_a representation_n i_o can_v of_o what_o man_n general_o if_o they_o understand_v themselves_o do_v or_o with_o congruity_n to_o the_o axiom_n they_o admit_v and_o use_v aught_o to_o conceive_v nature_n to_o be_v it_o be_v not_o unlike_a that_o you_o may_v expect_v or_o wish_v that_o on_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v propose_v some_o definition_n or_o description_n of_o nature_n as_o my_o own_o but_o decline_v at_o least_o at_o present_a to_o say_v any_o thing_n dogmatical_o about_o this_o matter_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o i_o may_v not_o on_o this_o occasion_n confess_v to_o you_o that_o i_o have_v sometime_o be_v so_o paradoxical_a or_o if_o you_o please_v so_o extravagant_a as_o to_o entertain_v as_o a_o serious_a doubt_n what_o i_o former_o intimate_v viz._n whether_o nature_n be_v a_o thing_n or_o a_o name_n i_o mean_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o real_a existent_n be_v or_o a_o notional_a entity_n somewhat_o of_o kin_n to_o those_o fictitious_a term_n that_o man_n have_v devise_v that_o they_o may_v compendious_o express_v several_a thing_n together_o by_o one_o name_n as_o when_o for_o instance_n we_o speak_v of_o the_o concoct_n faculty_n ascribe_v to_o animal_n those_o that_o consider_v and_o be_v careful_a to_o understand_v what_o they_o say_v do_v not_o mean_v i_o know_v not_o what_o entity_n that_o be_v distinct_a from_o the_o human_a body_n as_o it_o be_v a_o engine_n curious_o contrive_v and_o make_v up_o of_o stable_n and_o fluid_a part_n but_o observe_v a_o actuate_a power_n and_o fitness_n in_o the_o tooth_n tongue_n hospital_n fibres_n and_o membrane_n of_o the_o gullet_n and_o stomach_n together_o with_o the_o natural_a heat_n the_o ferment_n or_o else_o the_o menstruum_fw-la and_o some_o other_o agent_n by_o their_o co-operation_n to_o cook_n or_o dress_v the_o aliment_n and_o change_v they_o into_o chyle_n observe_v these_o thing_n i_o say_v they_o think_v it_o convenient_a for_o brevity_n sake_n to_o express_v the_o complex_fw-la of_o those_o cause_n and_o the_o train_n of_o their_o action_n by_o the_o summary_n appellation_n of_o concoct_v faculty_n whilst_o i_o be_v indulge_v myself_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o rave_n it_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o the_o natuist_n may_v demand_v of_o i_o how_o without_o admit_v their_o notion_n i_o can_v give_v any_o tolerable_a account_n of_o those_o most_o useful_a form_n of_o speech_n which_o man_n employ_v when_o they_o say_v that_o nature_n do_v this_o or_o that_o or_o that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o nature_n or_o according_a to_o nature_n or_o else_o happen_v against_o nature_n and_o this_o question_n i_o think_v the_o more_o worth_a answer_v because_o these_o phrase_n be_v so_o very_o frequent_o use_v by_o man_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o learned_a as_o illiterate_a that_o this_o custom_n have_v make_v they_o be_v think_v not_o only_o very_o convenient_a but_o necessary_a insomuch_o that_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o none_o of_o the_o least_o thing_n that_o have_v procure_v so_o general_a a_o reception_n to_o the_o vulgar_a notion_n of_o nature_n that_o these_o ready_a and_o commodious_a form_n of_o speech_n suppose_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o it_o may_v therefore_o in_o this_o place_n be_v pertinent_a to_o add_v that_o such_o phrase_n as_o that_o nature_n or_o faculty_n or_o faculty_n or_o suction_n do_v this_o or_o that_o be_v not_o the_o only_a one_o wherein_o i_o observe_v that_o man_n ascribe_v to_o a_o notional_a thing_n that_o which_o indeed_o be_v perform_v by_o real_a agent_n as_o when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o law_n punish_v murder_n with_o death_n that_o it_o protect_v the_o innocent_a release_v a_o debtor_n out_o of_o prison_n when_o he_o have_v satisfy_v his_o creditor_n and_o the_o minister_n of_o justice_n on_o which_o or_o the_o like_a occasion_n we_o may_v just_o say_v that_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o law_n which_o be_v in_o itself_o a_o dead_a letter_n be_v
that_o liquor_n to_o tend_v downward_o and_o actual_o to_o fall_v down_o if_o it_o be_v not_o external_o hinder_v but_o when_o water_n ascend_v by_o suction_n in_o a_o pump_n or_o other_o instrument_n that_o motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v wont_v be_v make_v in_o virtue_n of_o a_o more_o catholic_n law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o a_o great_a pressure_n which_o in_o our_o case_n the_o water_n suffer_v from_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a air_n shall_v surmount_v a_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v here_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o water_n that_o ascend_v in_o the_o pump_n or_o pipe_n the_o two_o forego_v observation_n may_v be_v far_o illustrate_v by_o consider_v in_o what_o sense_n man_n speak_v of_o thing_n which_o they_o call_v preternatural_a or_o else_o contrary_a to_o nature_n for_o divers_a if_o not_o most_o of_o their_o expression_n of_o this_o kind_n argue_v that_o nature_n be_v in_o they_o take_v for_o the_o particular_a and_o 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among_o thing_n corporeal_a that_o such_o a_o spring_n shall_v remain_v bend_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o force_n that_o actual_o keep_v it_o so_o as_o that_o it_o shall_v display_v itself_o in_o spite_n of_o a_o less_o or_o incompetent_a degree_n of_o force_n and_o to_o omit_v the_o six_o non-natural_a thing_n so_o much_o speak_v of_o by_o physician_n i_o must_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o though_o a_o disease_n be_v general_o reckon_v as_o a_o preternatural_a thing_n or_o as_o other_o carry_v the_o notion_n further_o a_o state_n contrary_n to_o nature_n yet_o that_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o with_o reference_n to_o what_o customary_o happen_v to_o a_o human_a body_n since_o excessive_o cold_a wind_n and_o immoderate_a rain_n and_o sultry_a air_n and_o other_o usual_a cause_n of_o disease_n be_v as_o natural_a agent_n and_o act_n as_o agreeable_o to_o the_o catholic_n law_n of_o the_o universe_n when_o they_o produce_v disease_n as_o when_o they_o condense_a the_o cloud_n into_o 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dependence_n upon_o one_o another_o or_o a_o inviolable_a connexion_n that_o link_v they_o together_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o man_n say_v as_o they_o too_o frequent_o do_v that_o fortune_n or_o chance_n 4._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n distinguish_v they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o former_a what_o unexpected_o happen_v to_o deliberate_v or_o design_v and_o to_o the_o late_a what_o happen_v to_o inanimate_a or_o undesigning_a being_n have_v do_v this_o or_o that_o considerate_a philosopher_n do_v not_o look_v upon_o fortune_n or_o chance_n as_o a_o true_a and_o distinct_a physical_a cause_n but_o as_o a_o notional_a thing_n that_o denote_v that_o the_o proper_a agent_n produce_v the_o effect_n without_o a_o intention_n to_o do_v so_o as_o i_o have_v more_o full_o declare_v in_o the_o four_o section_n one_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v without_o impertinence_n refer_v to_o this_o our_o three_o observation_n that_o many_o thing_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v attribute_v to_o time_n as_o when_o we_o say_v that_o time_n ripen_v some_o fruit_n that_o be_v too_o early_o gather_v that_o it_o make_v many_o thing_n moulder_v and_o decay_v tempus_fw-la edax_fw-la rerum_fw-la that_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o truth_n that_o it_o produce_v great_a alteration_n both_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o man_n and_o in_o their_o disposition_n and_o their_o body_n to_o omit_v many_o other_o vulgar_a expression_n which_o represent_v time_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o several_a thing_n whereof_o real_o it_o be_v but_o a_o adjunct_n or_o a_o concomitant_a of_o the_o effect_n however_o coincident_a with_o the_o successive_a part_n of_o time_n and_o so_o some_o way_n relate_v to_o it_o be_v indeed_o produce_v by_o other_o agent_n that_o be_v their_o true_a and_o proper_a efficient_n sometime_o likewise_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o nature_n do_v this_o or_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o 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be_v prosecute_v though_o not_o as_o before_z in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n yet_o in_o the_o short_a way_n it_o be_v permit_v to_o take_v these_o obvious_a phaenomena_n i_o confess_v agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o vulgar_a axiom_n and_o possible_o be_v the_o chief_a thing_n that_o induce_v man_n to_o frame_v it_o but_o now_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o a_o small_a bullet_n of_o marble_n or_o steel_n after_o have_v for_o a_o pretty_a space_n fall_v through_o the_o air_n light_n upon_o a_o pavement_n of_o marble_n or_o some_o such_o hard_a stone_n that_o lie_v as_o floor_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v horizontal_a in_o this_o case_n experience_n show_v as_o be_v former_o note_v on_o another_o occasion_n that_o the_o fall_a stone_n will_v rebound_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n in_o proportion_n to_o that_o it_o fall_v from_o and_o fall_v down_o again_o rebound_v the_o second_o time_n though_o not_o so_o high_a as_o before_o and_o in_o short_a rebound_v several_a time_n before_o by_o 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i_o hold_v the_o proper_a pole_n of_o a_o good_a loadstone_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o lily_n this_o will_v be_v draw_v aside_o from_o the_o north_n point_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o west_n as_o i_o please_v and_o then_o the_o loadstone_n be_v remove_v quite_o away_o the_o lily_n of_o the_o needle_n will_v indeed_o return_v northward_o but_o will_v not_o stop_v in_o the_o magnetic_a meridian_n but_o pass_v on_o divers_a degree_n beyond_o it_o and_o will_v thence_o return_v without_o stop_v at_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o so_o will_v by_o its_o vibration_n describe_v many_o arch_n still_o short_a and_o short_a till_o at_o length_n it_o come_v to_o settle_v on_o it_o and_o recover_v that_o position_n which_o if_o nature_n always_o act_v by_o the_o most_o compendious_a way_n it_o shall_v have_v rest_v at_o the_o first_o time_n that_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o loadstone_n it_o have_v regain_v it_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v 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only_o regain_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n where_o by_o the_o law_n of_o gravity_n it_o ought_v to_o rest_v and_o do_v rest_n before_o it_o be_v force_v down_o but_o it_o will_v pass_v far_o beyond_o that_o surface_n and_o in_o part_n as_o it_o be_v shoot_v itself_o up_o into_o the_o incumbent_a air_n and_o then_o fall_v down_o again_o and_o rise_v a_o second_o time_n and_o perhaps_o much_o often_o and_o fall_v again_o before_o it_o come_v to_o settle_v in_o its_o due_a place_n in_o which_o it_o be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o water_n that_o endeavour_n to_o press_v it_o upward_o another_o of_o the_o sentence_n that_o be_v general_o receive_v concern_v nature_n be_v that_o she_o always_o do_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v natura_fw-la semper_fw-la quod_fw-la optimum_fw-la est_fw-la facit_fw-la 22._o but_o of_o this_o it_o will_v not_o be_v safe_a for_o i_o to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n till_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o remove_v the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o 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sentiment_n i_o be_o induce_v to_o take_v up_o not_o only_o by_o the_o more_o speculative_a consideration_n that_o have_v be_v former_o discourse_v of_o and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o here_o be_v repeat_v but_o by_o daily_a observation_n and_o obvious_a experience_n we_o see_v oftentimes_o that_o fruit-tree_n especial_o when_o they_o grow_v old_a will_v for_o one_o season_n be_v so_o overcharge_v with_o fruit_n that_o soon_o after_o they_o decay_n and_o die_v and_o even_o whilst_o they_o flourish_v the_o excessive_a weight_n of_o the_o too_o numerous_a fruit_n do_v not_o seldom_o break_v off_o the_o branch_n they_o grow_v upon_o and_o thereby_o both_o hinder_v the_o maturity_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o hasten_v the_o death_n of_o the_o tree_n whereas_o this_o fatal_a profuseness_n will_v have_v be_v prevent_v if_o a_o wise_a nature_n
harbour_v in_o the_o plant_n do_v as_o be_v presume_v solicitous_o intend_v its_o welfare_n we_o see_v also_o in_o divers_a disease_n and_o in_o the_o unseasonable_a and_o hurtful_a crise_n of_o fever_n how_o far_o what_o man_n call_v nature_n oftentimes_o be_v from_o do_v that_o which_o be_v best_a for_o the_o sick_a man_n preservation_n and_o indeed_o as_o have_v be_v former_o note_v on_o another_o ocsicaon_n in_o many_o disease_n as_o bleeding_n convulsion_n cholera_n etc._n etc._n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o physician_n work_v be_v to_o appease_v the_o fury_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o error_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v transport_v with_o a_o blind_a and_o impetuous_a passion_n unreasonable_o produce_v those_o dangerous_a disorder_n in_o the_o body_n that_o if_o she_o be_v wise_a and_o watchful_a of_o its_o welfare_n she_o will_v have_v be_v as_o careful_a to_o prevent_v as_o the_o physician_n to_o remedy_n them_o add_v to_o all_o this_o that_o if_o nature_n be_v so_o provident_a and_o watchful_a for_o the_o good_a of_o man_n and_o other_o animal_n and_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o they_o live_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n she_o destroy_v such_o multitude_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n by_o earthquake_n pestilence_n famine_n and_o other_o anomaly_n and_o how_o come_v it_o so_o often_o to_o pass_v in_o teem_v woman_n that_o perhaps_o by_o a_o fright_a or_o a_o long_a desire_n or_o the_o bare_a sight_n of_o any_o outward_a object_n nature_n suffer_v herself_o to_o be_v so_o disorder_v and_o be_v bring_v to_o forget_v her_o plastic_a skill_n so_o much_o as_o instead_o of_o well-formed_a infant_n to_o produce_v hideous_a monster_n and_o those_o oftentimes_o so_o mishapen_a and_o ill-contrived_a that_o not_o only_a themselves_o be_v unfit_a to_o live_v one_o day_n or_o perhaps_o one_o hour_n but_o can_v come_v into_o the_o world_n without_o kill_v the_o mother_n that_o bare_a them_o these_o and_o such_o other_o anomaly_n though_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v they_o be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o catholic_n law_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o may_v be_v account_v for_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o god_n general_n providence_n yet_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o be_v aberration_n incongruous_a enough_o to_o the_o idea_n the_o school_n give_v of_o nature_n as_o of_o a_o be_v that_o according_a to_o the_o axiom_n hitherto_o consider_v do_v always_o that_o which_o be_v best_a but_o it_o be_v time_n that_o we_o pass_v from_o that_o to_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o another_o though_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o vacuum_n in_o the_o five_o section_n yet_o i_o must_v also_o say_v something_o about_o it_o in_o this_o because_o i_o there_o consider_v it_o but_o as_o it_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o other_o to_o show_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o principle_n they_o call_v nature_n but_o now_o i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o it_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o argument_n to_o be_v confute_v as_o on_o the_o score_n of_o its_o belong_v to_o a_o very_o plausible_a axiom_n to_o be_v consider_v although_o i_o fear_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o subject_n though_o consider_v in_o the_o five_o sect._n and_o here_o to_o differ_v purpose_n i_o shall_v scarce_o avoid_v say_v something_o or_o other_o co-incident_a with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v already_o v._o the_o word_n vacuum_n be_v ambiguous_a and_o use_v in_o differ_v sense_n i_o think_v it_o requisite_a before_o i_o declare_v my_o opinion_n about_o the_o general_o receive_v axiom_n of_o the_o school_n that_o natura_n vacuum_n horret_fw-la or_o as_o some_o express_v it_o abhorret_fw-la à_fw-la vacuo_fw-la to_o premise_v the_o chief_a acception_n in_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v the_o term_n vacuum_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o it_o have_v sometime_o a_o vulgar_a and_o sometime_o a_o philosophical_a or_o strict_a signification_n in_o common_a speech_n to_o be_v 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you_o will_v thrust_v your_o fist_n deep_a into_o a_o pail_n full_a of_o sand_n and_o afterward_o draw_v it_o out_o again_o there_o will_v need_v nothing_o but_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o sand_n to_o make_v it_o fill_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o your_o fist._n and_o if_o the_o pail_n be_v replenish_v instead_o of_o sand_n with_o a_o aggregate_v of_o corpuscle_n more_o minute_n and_o glib_a than_o the_o grain_n of_o sand_n as_o for_o instance_n with_o quicksilver_n or_o with_o water_n than_o the_o space_n desert_v by_o your_o hand_n will_v be_v at_o least_o as_o to_o sense_n complete_o fill_v up_o by_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o by_o their_o gravity_n minuteness_n and_o the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o body_n they_o compose_v be_v determine_v to_o replenish_v the_o space_n desert_v by_o the_o hand_n that_o be_v plunge_v into_o either_o of_o those_o liquor_n and_o i_o elsewhere_o show_v that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n who_o 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station_n which_o experiment_n seem_v manifest_o to_o prove_v what_o i_o do_v long_o ago_o devise_v and_o do_v now_o allege_v it_o for_o since_o here_o we_o have_v a_o sudden_a ascent_n of_o so_o heavy_a a_o body_n as_o be_v quicksilver_n and_o a_o suspension_n of_o it_o in_o the_o glass_n not_o produce_v to_o prevent_v or_o fill_v a_o vacuum_n for_o the_o pipe_n be_v open_a at_o both_o end_n the_o phaenomena_n be_v but_o genuine_a consequence_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o liquor_n as_o i_o elsewhere_o clear_o and_o particular_o declare_v when_o i_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o power_n the_o school-philosopher_n ascribe_v to_o nature_n i_o be_o the_o less_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o her_o abhorrence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n be_v so_o great_a as_o they_o believe_v for_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o five_o section_n that_o her_o aversion_n from_o it_o and_o her_o watchfulness_n against_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o that_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o 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