of_o its_o part_n 1._o §_o many_o thing_n when_o divide_v be_v true_a which_o join_v be_v false_a as_o that_o one_o sit_v may_v stand_v many_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n true_a conjoin_v which_o be_v false_a divide_v as_o all_o penitent_a sinner_n shall_v be_v save_v when_o the_o argument_n run_v from_o divide_a to_o conjoin_v there_o follow_v a_o fallacy_n of_o the_o composition_n when_o from_o conjoin_v to_o divide_v of_o the_o division_n each_o of_o these_o fallacy_n may_v be_v commit_v eight_o way_n first_o in_o enunciation_n modal_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o one_o sit_v to_o stand_v for_o if_o the_o participle_n sit_v be_v join_v with_o the_o verb_n stand_v the_o enunciation_n be_v false_a if_o join_v with_o the_o mode_n possible_a true_a for_o one_o sit_v even_o while_o he_o sit_v have_v the_o power_n or_o faculty_n of_o stand_v but_o not_o of_o stand_v as_o long_o as_o he_o sit_v 2._o second_o in_o enumeration_n who_o part_n be_v conjoin_v or_o separate_v by_o some_o grammatical_a conjunction_n as_o every_o animal_n either_o be_v rational_a or_o irrational_a but_o not_o every_o animal_n be_v rational_a and_o therefore_o every_o animal_n irrational_a here_o the_o division_n of_o the_o major_a cause_n the_o fallacy_n for_o the_o major_n true_a if_o take_v conjoint_o and_o as_o a_o simple_a enunciation_n who_o attribute_n rational_a or_o irrational_a be_v take_v as_o unum_fw-la quid_fw-la or_o one_o something_o but_o if_o take_v divide_o and_o as_o a_o enunciation_n compose_v in_o this_o manner_n every_o animal_n be_v rational_a or_o every_o animal_n be_v irrational_a apparent_o false_a 3._o three_o when_o in_o the_o major_a the_o note_n of_o quantity_n take_v collective_o or_o distributive_o into_o the_o genus_n of_o the_o singular_n it_o be_v so_o use_v as_o if_o it_o be_v take_v distributive_o into_o the_o singular_n of_o those_o genus_n as_o all_z the_o planet_n be_v seven_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v planet_n and_o therefore_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v seven_o this_o fallacy_n consist_v in_o the_o word_n all_o which_o if_o collective_o take_v the_o major_a indeed_o will_v be_v true_a but_o the_o minor_a false_a for_o this_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v the_o minor_a the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v all_o the_o planet_n if_o the_o word_n all_o be_v take_v distributive_o the_o major_n will_v be_v false_a another_o every_o animal_n be_v in_o noah_n be_v ark_n many_o animal_n perish_v in_o the_o flood_n therefore_o many_o animal_n perish_v in_o the_o flood_n be_v in_o noah_n be_v ark._n this_o fallacy_n also_o lie_v in_o the_o word_n every_n which_o if_o take_v of_o the_o singular_n of_o the_o genus_n the_o major_n will_v be_v false_a if_o of_o the_o genus_n of_o the_o singular_n the_o minor_n for_o none_o of_o the_o genus_n of_o those_o animal_n perish_v which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o noah_n be_v ark._n 4._o four_o when_o any_o word_n may_v be_v conjoin_v either_o to_o the_o antecedent_n or_o consequent_n as_o that_o of_o menander_n te_fw-la servum_fw-la feci_fw-la liberum_fw-la that_o be_v i_o make_v thou_o a_o servant_n a_o freeman_n which_o may_v signify_v i_o bring_v thou_o into_o servitude_n who_o be_v it_o free_a or_o i_o make_v thou_o be_v a_o servant_n a_o freeman_n that_o be_v maumise_v thou_o or_o set_v the_o free_a from_o slavery_n 5._o five_o when_o a_o place_n be_v quote_v out_o of_o any_o author_n and_o some_o part_n of_o it_o conceal_v with_o this_o fallacy_n the_o devil_n matth._n 4._o attempt_v to_o persuade_v christ_n that_o he_o shall_v throw_v himself_o down_o from_o the_o pinnacle_n of_o the_o temple_n bring_v in_o a_o testimony_n from_o david_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v write_v say_v he_o he_o shall_v give_v his_o angel_n charge_v concern_v thou_o and_o they_o shall_v bear_v thou_o in_o their_o hand_n lest_o at_o any_o time_n thou_o dash_v thy_o foot_n against_o a_o stone_n but_o it_o it_o be_v write_v he_o shall_v give_v his_o angel_n charge_v concern_v thou_o to_o keep_v thou_o walk_v in_o all_o thy_o way_n that_o be_v follow_v the_o business_n of_o thy_o call_v with_o both_o hand_n shall_v they_o bear_v thou_o up_o that_o thou_o dash_v not_o thy_o foot_n against_o a_o stone_n psalm_n 92._o 6._o six_o when_o a_o word_n be_v now_o take_v in_o a_o divide_a now_o conjoin_v sense_n as_o every_o incuria_fw-la or_o neglect_v be_v worthy_a to_o be_v blame_v the_o senate_n be_v in_o curiâ_fw-la that_o be_v in_o court_n and_o therefore_o the_o senate_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v blame_v this_o fallacy_n rather_o have_v place_n in_o speech_n than_o write_v 7._o seven_o when_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o part_n be_v conclude_v of_o the_o whole_a or_o what_o of_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o part_n as_o two_o and_o three_o be_v even_o and_o odd._n five_o be_v two_o and_o three_o five_o thertfore_o be_v even_o and_o odd_a this_o be_v a_o fallacy_n of_o composition_n five_o be_v one_o number_n two_o and_o three_o be_v five_o therefore_o two_o and_o three_o be_v one_o number_n this_o be_v of_o division_n 8._o eight_o when_o those_o thing_n be_v conjoin_v which_o be_v several_o predicate_v or_o divide_v which_o be_v joint_o as_o this_o dog_n be_v a_o father_n this_o dog_n be_v thou_o and_o therefore_o this_o dog_n be_v thy_o father_n this_o be_v a_o fallacy_n of_o the_o composition_n again_o mycillus_n be_v a_o good_a shoemaker_n and_o therefore_o mycillus_n be_v a_o good_a man._n this_o be_v of_o division_n this_o fallacy_n also_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o that_o of_o from_o a_o word_n simple_o to_o one_o secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la or_o according_a to_o something_o or_o its_o contrary_a for_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o several_a cause_n of_o fallacy_n may_v concur_v to_o the_o same_o catch_n ax._n 10._o the_o sophism_n of_o accident_n or_o prosody_n be_v that_o which_o rise_v from_o the_o way_n of_o write_v or_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n either_o different_o write_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v pronounce_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n or_o different_o pronounce_v those_o which_o be_v alike_o write_v ax._n 11._o and_o this_o sophism_n be_v solve_v either_o by_o show_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o same_o manner_n pronounce_v be_v different_o write_v or_o different_o pronounce_v which_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n write_v 1._o §_o the_o word_n prosody_n or_o accent_n here_o be_v general_o take_v for_o every_o variation_n of_o the_o voice_n the_o caption_n of_o this_o place_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o definition_n propose_v of_o the_o first_o those_o in_o which_o the_o difference_n of_o write_n dissemble_v by_o a_o similitude_n of_o pronunciation_n and_o that_o be_v do_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n for_o either_o those_o word_n be_v pronounce_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o differ_v in_o letter_n or_o aspiration_n or_o note_n of_o the_o accent_n for_o example_n omnis_fw-la equus_n every_o equus_n that_o be_v horse_n be_v a_o beast_n every_o just_a man_n be_v aequus_fw-la that_o be_v righteous_a therefore_o every_o just_a man_n be_v beast_n this_o catch_n be_v in_o the_o letter_n moreover_o every_o ara_n that_o be_v altar_n be_v in_o the_o temple_n a_o stable_a of_o hog_n be_v name_v hara_n that_o be_v sty_n and_o therefore_o a_o stable_a of_o hog_n be_v in_o the_o temple_n this_o consist_v in_o the_o aspiration_n for_o in_o the_o greek_a the_o word_n be_v write_v otherwise_o both_o alike_o last_o if_o one_o confound_v the_o verb_n amare_fw-la to_o love_v with_o the_o adverb_n of_o that_o name_n which_o signify_v bitter_o the_o caption_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o note_n of_o the_o accent_n these_o caption_n be_v usual_a after_o aspiration_n and_o note_n of_o accent_n begin_v to_o be_v write_v over_o their_o word_n but_o before_o these_o caption_n belong_v to_o the_o second_o genus_fw-la 2._o which_o be_v commit_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n and_o first_o when_o we_o take_v that_o in_o earnest_n which_o be_v ironical_o write_v or_o on_o the_o contrary_a as_o if_o a_o servant_n shall_v think_v himself_o commend_v by_o his_o angry_a master_n write_v to_o he_o after_o this_o manner_n ha_o good_a sir_n you_o have_v take_v care_n very_o fair_o or_o the_o like_a second_o when_o word_n which_o have_v their_o antepenultima_fw-la or_o last_v syllable_n but_o one_o long_o shall_v be_v take_v as_o if_o short_a as_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v confound_v the_o word_n leporem_fw-la a_o hare_n with_o the_o word_n lepôrem_n facetiousness_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 12._o sophism_n from_o the_o figure_n of_o speech_n be_v then_o when_o from_o the_o likeness_n of_o word_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o accident_n or_o signification_n ax._n 13._o this_o be_v solve_v by_o show_v the_o diversity_n of_o accident_n or_o signification_n in_o the_o word_n alike_o 1._o
that_o ax._n 4._o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v the_o same_o 1._o §_o the_o first_o of_o these_o axiom_n be_v extant_a book_n 6._o of_o the_o top._n cap._n 4._o the_o latter_a book_n 1._o of_o the_o top._n cap._n 14.2_o cap._n 2.6_o cap._n 6._o and_o almost_o every_o where_n the_o mean_v of_o the_o last_o may_v be_v twofold_a and_o first_o that_o both_o appertain_v to_o one_o science_n as_o that_o the_o same_o which_o for_o instance_n treat_v of_o virtue_n may_v also_o treat_v of_o vice_n and_o of_o disease_n also_o of_o health_n second_o that_o one_o opposite_a be_v know_v the_o other_o may_v be_v know_v also_o 5th_o ax._n 5._o opposite_n place_v near_o to_o each_o other_o be_v the_o more_o illustrate_v 1._o §_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o old_a say_v which_o be_v deliver_v book_n 3._o of_o the_o rhetor._n cap._n 2._o contrary_n by_o contrary_n be_v illustrate_v the_o use_v of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v cap._n 2._o of_o the_o rhet._n where_o the_o contrary_a affect_v and_o manner_n of_o young_a and_o old_a man_n be_v so_o confer_v together_o that_o by_o the_o mutual_a collation_n of_o they_o they_o be_v very_o much_o illustrate_v ax._n 6._o the_o species_n of_o opposite_n be_v five_o viz._n disparate_v contrary_n relative_o oppose_v privative_o oppose_v and_o contradicting_n and_o we_o prove_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n viz._n 1._o §_o a_o opposite_a be_v either_o oppose_v to_o many_o or_o one_o those_o of_o which_o one_o be_v oppose_v to_o many_o be_v call_v disparate_v when_o one_o to_o one_o the_o opposition_n be_v either_o between_o be_v and_o not_o be_v or_o between_o be_v and_o be_v those_o oppose_v as_o be_v and_o be_v be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relate_v those_o be_v say_v to_o be_v contrary_n these_o relative_o oppose_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v oppose_v as_o be_v and_o not_o be_v either_o have_v the_o same_o subject_a or_o they_o have_v not_o those_o that_o have_v the_o same_o subject_a be_v say_v to_o be_v privative_o oppose_v those_o that_o have_v not_o to_o be_v contradicting_n 2._o §_o aristotle_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o disparate_v in_o his_o logick_n where_o he_o profess_o treat_v of_o the_o species_n of_o opposite_n but_o yet_o he_o do_v in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o metaph._n cap._n 10._o where_o he_o call_v they_o diverse_a in_o species_n that_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v affect_v after_o a_o contrary_a manner_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o essence_n but_o to_o proceed_v ax._n 7._o disparate_v be_v those_o of_o which_o one_o be_v oppose_v to_o many_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n 1._o §_o so_o man_n and_o horse_n and_o white_a and_o blue_n be_v disparate_v because_o man_n be_v not_o only_o oppose_v to_o horse_n but_o also_o to_o dog_n lion_n and_o other_o species_n of_o beast_n and_o white_a not_o only_o to_o blue_n but_o also_o to_o red_a green_n and_o the_o other_o mediate_a colour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o be_v in_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la of_o opposition_n but_o now_o black_a and_o white_a be_v not_o disparate_v notwithstanding_o they_o may_v be_v oppose_v not_o only_o to_o black_a but_o also_o to_o the_o middle_a colour_n for_o because_o white_a be_v other_o way_n oppose_v to_o black_a than_o it_o be_v to_o the_o middle_a colour_n so_o neither_o freeman_n and_o servant_n be_v disparate_v notwithstanding_o servant_n be_v not_o only_o oppose_v to_o freeman_n but_o also_o to_o master_n because_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o opposition_n in_o both_o be_v not_o the_o same_o for_o servant_n and_o master_n be_v relative_n whilst_o freeman_n and_o servant_n be_v contrary_n which_o lead_v we_o to_o the_o next_o axiom_n viz._n that_o ax._n 8._o contrary_n be_v two_o absolute_a thing_n the_o far_a distant_a under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la 1._o §_o aristotle_n cap._n 6._o of_o the_o categ_n define_v contrary_n in_o this_o manner_n viz._n to_o be_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o far_a distant_a under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la but_o that_o definition_n seem_v to_o be_v less_o full_a because_o it_o suit_v also_o with_o disparate_v and_o those_o that_o be_v relative_o oppose_v 2._o §_o contrary_n be_v two_o so_o say_v because_o in_o this_o respect_n they_o may_v differ_v from_o disparate_v which_o be_v more_o than_o two_o or_o at_o least_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v so_o absolute_a in_o that_o they_o differ_v from_o such_o as_o be_v relative_o oppose_v it_o be_v add_v under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la to_o wit_n either_o the_o next_o as_o whiteness_n and_o blackness_n under_o colour_n or_o remote_a as_o justice_n and_o injustice_n under_o habit._n in_o that_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o contradicting_n and_o those_o which_o be_v privative_o oppose_v 3._o §_o nor_o do_v it_o hinder_v which_o arisiotle_n say_v cap._n 11._o of_o the_o categ_n that_o good_a and_o bad_a which_o be_v contrary_n be_v not_o under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la but_o genus_n themselves_o for_o aristotle_n seem_v to_o say_v that_o out_o of_o the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n who_o constitute_v two_o series_n or_o order_n of_o thing_n one_o good_a though_o other_o bad_a as_o aristotle_n himself_o testify_v book_n 1._o of_o his_o metaph._n cap._n 5._o for_o since_o good_a and_o evil_a be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o category_n as_o ens_fw-la as_o be_v teach_v book_n 1._o of_o the_o ethic_n cap._n 4._o they_o can_v be_v chief_a genus_n to_o which_o i_o add_v that_o in_o metaphysic_n where_o good_a be_v consider_v as_o a_o common_a affection_n of_o a_o thing_n evil_a be_v not_o contrary_a to_o it_o but_o privative_o oppose_v in_o ethic_n good_a and_o evil_a indeed_o be_v contrary_n but_o contain_v under_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la to_o wit_n either_o habit_n or_o moral_a action_n which_o aristotle_n use_v to_o call_v practice_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d see_v ammonius_n and_o simplicius_n upon_o the_o 11_o cap._n of_o the_o category_n 4._o §_o there_o be_v far_o add_v most_o distant_a viz._n either_o as_o to_o form_n or_o place_n for_o so_o the_o philosopher_n distinguish_v contrariety_n book_n 5._o of_o the_o physics_n cap._n 2._o and_o book_n 2._o of_o the_o meteor_n cap._n 6._o as_o that_o one_o be_v in_o quality_n which_o he_o call_v contrariety_n according_a to_o form_n the_o other_o in_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o which_o he_o call_v contrariety_n according_a to_o place_n contrary_n in_o quality_n be_v black_a and_o white_a virtue_n and_o vice_n straight_o and_o crooked_a servant_n and_o free_n in_o place_n which_o in_o a_o sphere_n or_o circle_n be_v diametrical_o oppose_v as_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctic_a pole_n etc._n etc._n hitherto_o also_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v contrariety_n of_o motion_n which_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o contrary_a habitude_n of_o term_n so_o that_o the_o term_n to_o which_o of_o one_o motion_n be_v the_o term_n from_o which_o of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a thomas_n call_v it_o a_o contrariety_n of_o access_n and_o recess_n so_o generation_n and_o corruption_n accretion_n and_o diminution_n calefaction_n and_o frigefaction_n ascent_n and_o descent_n be_v contrary_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o when_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o categ_n the_o philosopher_n include_v contrariety_n among_o the_o quality_n and_o deny_v it_o to_o have_v place_n in_o substance_n and_o quantity_n he_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v to_o take_v the_o word_n in_o a_o very_a strict_a sense_n and_o so_o we_o proceed_v to_o the_o follow_a axiom_n viz._n that_o ax._n 9_o contrary_n mutual_o destroy_v each_o other_o and_o the_o one_o be_v always_o remit_v by_o the_o contagion_n of_o the_o other_o 1._o §_o so_o assert_n aristotle_n book_n 2._o of_o the_o heaven_n cap._n 3._o for_o example_n when_o water_n be_v make_v hot_a as_o much_o cold_a decedes_fw-la from_o it_o as_o be_v impress_v upon_o it_o of_o heat_n from_o elsewhere_o and_o if_o a_o contrary_a be_v sometime_o intend_a by_o a_o contrary_a by_o antiparistasis_fw-la that_o happen_v only_o by_o accident_n ax._n 10._o contrary_n can_v be_v together_o in_o the_o same_o singular_a subject_n ax._n 11._o they_o be_v conversant_a yet_o about_o the_o same_o either_o in_o species_n or_o genus_fw-la 1._o §_o these_o theorem_n be_v deliver_v cap._n 11._o of_o the_o categ_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o they_o be_v manifest_a enough_o for_o example_n the_o same_o person_n can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v just_a and_o unjust_a sick_a and_o in_o health_n nor_o any_o thing_n even_o and_o uneven_a cold_a and_o hot_a yet_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n sickness_n and_o health_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o animal_n even_o and_o uneven_a in_o number_n and_o cold_a and_o heat_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 12._o contrary_n be_v either_o mediate_v or_o immediate_a ax._n 13._o mediate_v be_v
declare_v not_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v imperfect_a unless_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o and_o more_o know_v in_o itself_o but_o neither_o must_v a_o perfect_a definition_n consist_v only_o of_o those_o that_o be_v more_o know_v but_o also_o indemonstrable_a for_o definition_n be_v the_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n as_o be_v say_v book_n 1._o of_o the_o soul_n cap._n 1._o and_o book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 1._o it_o be_v teach_v that_o the_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n be_v immediate_a which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v if_o their_o part_n be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o former_a cause_n ax._n 11._o a_o perfect_a definition_n consist_v of_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la and_o specific_a difference_n 1._o §_o this_o canon_n be_v precept_v book_n 6._o top._n cap._n 1._o but_o yet_o if_o the_o next_o genus_fw-la want_n a_o name_n there_o be_v add_v in_o its_o place_n a_o remote_a with_o a_o difference_n to_o limit_v it_o and_o make_v it_o a_o next_o genus_fw-la so_o when_o a_o animal_n be_v design_v to_o be_v a_o live_n feel_v corporeal_a substance_n live_v corporeal_a substance_n be_v put_v in_o place_n or_o lieu_n of_o a_o next_o genus_fw-la and_o the_o specific_a difference_n be_v feel_v ax._n 12._o the_o difference_n of_o substance_n if_o not_o without_o be_v always_o take_v from_o their_o form_n but_o if_o without_o or_o that_o form_n be_v unknown_a propriety_n be_v add_v in_o the_o stead_n of_o form_n 1._o §_o so_o when_o man_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o rational_a animal_n the_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o his_o form_n which_o be_v a_o rational_a soul_n but_o because_o incorporeal_a substance_n have_v none_o and_o the_o specific_v of_o corporeal_a even_o lie_v hide_v because_o of_o themselves_o they_o incur_v not_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o place_n of_o form_n some_o property_n must_v be_v take_v as_o a_o angel_n be_v a_o incorporeal_a substance_n a_o dog_n a_o barking-beast_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 13._o the_o difference_n of_o accident_n be_v not_o take_v from_o their_o form_n or_o essence_n but_o their_o respect_n to_o their_o subject_n object_n cause_o efficient_a or_o final_a or_o somewhat_o else_o not_o contain_v in_o the_o essence_n 1._o §_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n or_o reason_n why_o aristotle_n book_n 6._o of_o the_o metaph._n cap._n 5._o say_v that_o substance_n be_v simple_o and_o primary_o define_v accident_n secondary_o only_a or_o according_a to_o something_o and_o that_o the_o definition_n of_o accident_n be_v oration_n through_o addition_n because_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v add_v to_o their_o genus_fw-la in_o their_o definition_n be_v without_o their_o essence_n and_o almost_o of_o another_o category_n ax._n 14._o propriety_n be_v define_v by_o genus_fw-la subject_a and_o next_o cause_n and_o that_o either_o efficient_a final_a or_o both_o 1._o §_o and_o first_o efficient_a as_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v a_o defect_n of_o light_n in_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diametrical_o interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o it_o thunder_n be_v the_o noise_n of_o a_o break_a cloud_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v be_v oppress_v and_o so_o two_o final_a as_o sense_n be_v a_o natural_a faculty_n in_o a_o animal_n for_o the_o end_n of_o judge_v betwixt_o singular_n the_o appetite_n for_o the_o gain_n of_o what_o be_v good_a to_o its_o self_n and_o avoid_v what_o be_v evil_a or_o both_o as_o the_o act_n of_o respiration_n be_v a_o reciprocal_a attraction_n and_o expulsion_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o lung_n for_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o heart_n etc._n etc._n the_o subject_n now_o be_v sometime_o in_o a_o definition_n of_o propriety_n unmentioned_a because_o it_o be_v contain_v either_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la or_o next_o cause_n as_o the_o memory_n be_v a_o internal_a sense_n conserve_n of_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n know_v here_o the_o subject_a of_o memory_n be_v not_o express_v to_o wit_n animal_n because_o contain_v in_o the_o word_n sense_n and_o express_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o that_o so_o also_o risibility_n be_v a_o nanural_a faculty_n of_o laugh_v arise_v from_o a_o rational_a animal_n i_o say_v not_o of_o man_n because_o sufficient_o understand_v when_o i_o say_v arise_v from_o a_o rational_a animal_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 15._o accident_n improper_a beside_o the_o genus_fw-la take_v to_o themselves_o in_o definition_n in_o the_o place_n of_o difference_n either_o subject_a or_o object_n cause_o efficient_a or_o final_a or_o something_o that_o be_v make_v out_o of_o these_o but_o 1._o §_o the_o manner_n of_o define_v of_o these_o be_v scarce_o to_o be_v contain_v within_o any_o certain_a rule_n for_o some_o be_v define_v by_o genus_fw-la and_o subject_a as_o simity_n be_v the_o crookedness_n of_o the_o nose_n some_o genus_fw-la and_o object_n as_o physic_n be_v the_o science_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n theoretical_a science_n and_o some_o again_o by_o genus_fw-la and_o end_n as_o grammar_n be_v the_o art_n of_o speak_v well_o also_o genus_fw-la end_v and_o object_n as_o logic_n be_v a_o art_n of_o make_v of_o instrument_n and_o therewith_o direct_v the_o understanding_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n or_o liberality_n be_v a_o virtue_n observe_v a_o mediocrity_n in_o give_v and_o receive_v of_o money_n etc._n etc._n after_o this_o manner_n art_n and_o habit_n moral_a some_o last_o by_o genus_fw-la and_o cause_o efficient_a as_o whiteness_n be_v a_o colour_n arise_v from_o a_o predomination_n of_o clear_n sound_v a_o patible_a quality_n arise_v from_o a_o stroke_n of_o the_o air_n between_o two_o body_n collide_v or_o hit_v one_o against_o another_o and_o after_o this_o manner_n all_o patible_a quality_n if_o not_o proper_a of_o other_o genus_n of_o accident_n there_o can_v scarce_o be_v give_v any_o certain_a rule_n but_o each_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v design_v use_v and_o example_n of_o approve_a author_n must_v teach_v which_o for_o this_o end_v the_o studious_a of_o logic_n ought_v to_o collect_v together_o ax._n 16._o the_o part_n of_o definition_n be_v always_o so_o to_o be_v place_v as_o that_o the_o genus_fw-la may_v precede_v the_o difference_n and_o every_o word_n follow_v may_v limit_v its_o forego_n 1._o §_o so_o teach_v aristotle_n book_n 2._o post_n cap._n 13._o for_o example_n a_o animal_n be_v not_o to_o be_v define_v a_o feel_n animate_v but_o a_o animate_v feel_v body_n &c_n &c_n and_o so_o we_o come_v to_o imperfect_a definition_n chap._n iii_o of_o imperfect_a definition_n ax._n 1_o imperfect_a definition_n be_v proper_o a_o description_n and_o that_o be_v either_o necessary_a or_o arbitrary_a ax._n 2._o necessary_a viz._n when_o the_o define_v be_v either_o not_o capable_a of_o a_o perfect_a definition_n or_o else_o through_o the_o imbecility_n of_o our_o mind_n we_o can_v attain_v to_o a_o perfect_a definition_n of_o it_o or_o last_o when_o there_o be_v want_v fit_a word_n require_v for_o a_o accurate_a definition_n ax._n 3_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v first_o infinite_a thing_n and_o second_o those_o which_o have_v not_o a_o true_a essence_n three_o a_o perfect_a one_o and_o four_o one_o by_o itself_o five_o and_o last_o those_o which_o be_v not_o place_v immediate_o under_o some_o genus_fw-la commentary_n 1._o §_o and_o one_a infinite_a thing_n as_o god_n have_v not_o a_o true_a essence_n as_o being_n of_o reason_n thing_n feign_v image_n of_o thing_n privation_n not_o a_o perfect_a as_o part_n principle_n of_o thing_n thing_n in_o do_v or_o imperfect_a not_o one_o by_o themselves_o as_o concretes_n aggregates_n complex_n not_o under_o one_o genus_fw-la as_o transcendent_n supreme_a genus_n at_o least_o not_o immediate_o as_o individual_n for_o these_o be_v contain_v immediate_o under_o species_n and_o by_o mediation_n of_o that_o under_o genus_fw-la ax._n 4._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o our_o mind_n or_o understanding_n substance_n incorporereal_a and_o most_o of_o the_o most_o special_a species_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n 1._o §_o for_o genus_n and_o species_n subaltern_n may_v be_v define_v any_o way_n as_o a_o animal_n be_v a_o live_a feeling_n body_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o definition_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n of_o the_o low_a species_n in_o the_o place_n of_o essential_a difference_n there_o use_v to_o be_v add_v propriety_n as_o we_o observe_v a_o little_a before_o the_o propriety_n of_o incorporeal_a be_v likewise_o unknown_a to_o we_o yet_o man_n although_o he_o be_v the_o low_a species_n be_v right_o enough_o define_v a_o rational_a animal_n ax._n 5._o when_o a_o fit_a or_o proper_a word_n be_v want_v there_o be_v to_o be_v two_o or_o more_o join_v together_o by_o a_o grammatical_a conjunction_n but_o 1._o §_o such_o definition_n as_o these_o sin_n against_o the_o 5_o law_n of_o defining_n propose_v in_o the_o
medium_fw-la of_o demonstration_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o respect_n to_o the_o question_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v so_o be_v the_o principle_n or_o premise_n to_o the_o conclusion_n wherefore_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o affection_n so_o the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o why_o the_o conclusion_n be_v know_v for_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o principle_n be_v the_o cause_n even_o in_o all_o syllogism_n but_o also_o why_o they_o be_v true_a and_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v before_o the_o affection_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n obtain_v a_o verity_n not_o in_o time_n but_o nature_n prior_n to_o that_o of_o the_o conclusion_n last_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o affection_n not_o as_o to_o we_o and_o in_o way_n of_o confuse_a knowledge_n but_o of_o nature_n and_o distinct_a cognition_n so_o also_o the_o principle_n be_v more_o know_v than_o the_o conclusion_n for_o because_o we_o embrace_v the_o conclusion_n with_o a_o full_a assent_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o principle_n we_o must_v assent_v more_o to_o the_o principle_n themselves_o of_o necessity_n because_o that_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v such_o that_o itself_o be_v more_o such_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o etc._n etc._n ax._n 7._o now_o when_o the_o principle_n have_v all_o these_o condition_n they_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v ax._n 8._o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v when_o they_o be_v neither_o heterogeneous_a or_o foreign_a nor_o yet_o common_a 1._o §_o now_o principle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heterogeneous_a then_o when_o they_o be_v fetch_v from_o some_o other_o science_n as_o if_o one_o for_o the_o prove_v of_o physical_a question_n shall_v make_v use_n of_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o geometrical_a arithmetical_a but_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o demonstrater_n to_o pass_v from_o one_o science_n to_o another_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o the_o three_o that_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o first_o that_o be_v the_o predicate_a with_o the_o medium_fw-la ought_v to_o agree_v by_o itself_o as_o be_v teach_v cap._n 6._o of_o the_o same_o book_n which_o can_v be_v if_o the_o the_o conclusion_n and_o principle_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a that_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n for_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o science_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o subject_a as_o appear_v from_o cap._n 28._o of_o the_o same_o book_n 2._o §_o if_o yet_o one_o science_n be_v subalternate_a to_o another_o as_o music_n to_o arithmetic_n or_o optic_n to_o geometry_n the_o question_n of_o the_o inferior_a be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o superior_a science_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o pass_v to_o another_o genus_fw-la because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n have_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o subject_a with_o the_o superior_a and_o so_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v divers_a science_n i_o say_v in_o some_o manner_n because_o the_o subalternated_a science_n consider_v the_o subject_a of_o the_o superior_a with_o some_o sensible_a quality_n which_o yet_o appertain_v not_o to_o the_o formal_a ratio_fw-la of_o the_o subject_a from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o affection_n of_o both_o be_v diverse_a though_o in_o the_o rest_n they_o consent_v so_o arithmetic_n consider_v number_n absolute_o music_n which_o be_v subalternate_v to_o it_o only_o in_o â—ound_n so_o geometry_n consider_v magnitude_n absolute_o the_o optic_n or_o science_n discuss_v the_o reason_n of_o sight_n which_o be_v subalternate_a or_o inferior_a to_o it_o only_o in_o colour_n light_n and_o shadow_n see_v cap._n 7._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n 3._o §_o the_o principle_n common_a be_v those_o which_o may_v be_v accommodate_v to_o many_o science_n such_o principle_n as_o these_o generate_v not_o science_n because_o they_o contain_v a_o medium_fw-la which_o coheres_fw-la not_o with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o question_n by_o itself_o but_o accident_n but_o it_o be_v then_o that_o we_o know_v a_o thing_n true_o when_o we_o know_v it_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o from_o principle_n which_o be_v such_o as_o it_o be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v as_o aristotle_n speak_v cap_n 9_o of_o the_o same_o book_n but_o that_o which_o we_o know_v from_o common_a reason_n we_o know_v only_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v not_o yet_o to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o principle_n of_o science_n be_v common_a which_o when_o of_o the_o superior_a be_v adhibit_v to_o the_o inferior_a science_n because_o the_o science_n subalternate_a as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v not_o esteem_v diverse_a from_o the_o subalternate_n etc._n etc._n ax._n 9_o now_o principle_n be_v divide_v into_o axiom_n and_o thesis_n ax._n 10._o and_o a_o axiom_n be_v that_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n no_o person_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o ax._n 11._o a_o thesis_n who_o truth_n be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o mere_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n only_o but_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n or_o some_o other_o way_n of_o declaration_n ax._n 12._o and_o this_o be_v either_o definition_n or_o hypothesis_n ax._n 13._o a_o definition_n be_v a_o oration_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o which_o we_o declare_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v a_o hypothesis_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o be_v or_o no_o etc._n etc._n this_o division_n of_o the_o principle_n be_v fetch_v from_o book_n 1._o post_n cap._n 2._o and_o 10._o whence_o axiom_n be_v so_o call_v be_v declare_v book_n 1_o of_o the_o institution_n cap._n 27._o the_o word_n thesis_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v propose_v pro_fw-la and_o con_n to_o be_v dispute_v of_o as_o book_n 8._o top._n cap._n 4._o and_o 5._o and_o sometime_o for_o a_o sentence_n paradoxal_a of_o some_o eminent_a philosopher_n as_o book_n 1_o top._n cap._n 1._o in_o rhetoric_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o infinite_a question_n but_o here_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o proposition_n immediate_n now_o 2._o §_o aristotle_n cap._n 10._o of_o the_o forecited_n book_n define_v a_o axiom_n in_o this_o manner_n viz._n to_o be_v that_o which_o of_o necessity_n be_v true_a of_o itself_o and_o of_o the_o like_a necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o of_o necessity_n true_a that_o be_v worthy_a of_o it_o self_n of_o our_o belief_n or_o that_o that_o have_v no_o cause_n of_o its_o truth_n by_o which_o to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o as_o well_o thesis_n as_o axiom_n add_v of_o necessity_n must_v seem_v so_o that_o be_v by_o a_o person_n of_o complete_a reason_n it_o can_v serious_o and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o mind_n be_v deny_v for_o a_o person_n perchance_o may_v deny_v a_o axiom_n rather_o than_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v overcome_v but_o no_o one_o can_v be_v find_v who_o suppose_v he_o of_o a_o complete_a reason_n can_v deny_v it_o in_o his_o soul_n and_o mind_n for_o example_n such_o enunciation_n as_o these_o nothing_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v and_o also_o not_o be_v the_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o its_o part_n those_o thing_n that_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o same_o those_o also_o will_v be_v equal_a among_o themselves_o if_o from_o equal_a thing_n you_o take_v away_o equal_a those_o thing_n which_o remain_v will_v be_v equal_a too_o etc._n etc._n the_o evidence_n of_o which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o know_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n by_o which_o they_o be_v express_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o can_v but_o be_v apparent_a for_o he_o who_o know_v what_o signify_v a_o whole_a and_o what_o a_o part_n and_o what_o to_o be_v great_a can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o a_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n etc._n etc._n 3._o §_o and_o in_o this_o respect_n differ_v axiom_n from_o thesis_n for_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thesis_n beside_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v require_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sense_n and_o sometime_o the_o declaration_n of_o a_o master_n of_o definition_n example_n may_v be_v take_v out_o of_o every_o discipline_n as_o for_o instance_n physic_n as_o a_o body_n natural_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n principle_n be_v those_o which_o be_v neither_o make_v out_o of_o themselves_o nor_o other_o and_o out_o of_o which_o be_v make_v all_o thing_n nature_n be_v the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o motion_n and_o quiet_a in_o that_o in_o which_o it_o be_v first_o by_o its_o self_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n etc._n etc._n geometry_n as_o that_o