in_o happy_a mansion_n dwell_v or_o only_o you_o or_o all_o but_o you_o can_v tell_v to_o secret_a shade_n and_o unfrequented_a grove_n from_o world_n and_o care_n your_o peaceful_a tribe_n remove_v you_o teach_v that_o soul_n ease_v of_o their_o mortal_a load_n nor_o with_o grim_a pluto_n make_v their_o dark_a abode_n nor_o wander_v in_o pale_a troop_n along_o the_o silent_a flood_n but_o on_o new_a region_n cast_v resume_v their_o reign_n content_a to_o govern_v earthy_a frame_n again_o thus_o death_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o middle_a line_n betwixt_o what_o life_n will_v come_v and_o what_o have_v be_v happy_a the_o people_n by_o your_o charm_n possess_v nor_o fate_n nor_o fear_n disturb_v their_o peaceful_a breast_n on_o certain_a danger_n unconcern_v they_o run_v and_o meet_v with_o pleasure_n what_o they_o will_v not_o shun_v defy_v death_n slight_v power_n and_o brave_o scorn_v to_o spare_v a_o life_n that_o will_v so_o soon_o return_v derw_n a_o oak_n in_o welch_n be_v derw_n 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their_o month_n and_o year_n and_o of_o that_o period_n or_o revolution_n which_o with_o they_o be_v call_v a_o age_n i.e._n thirty_o year_n complete_a and_o they_o choose_v the_o six_o day_n because_o they_o reckon_v the_o moon_n be_v then_o of_o a_o considerable_a strength_n dimidia_fw-la svi_fw-la dimidia_fw-la when_o she_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o come_v to_o her_o half_a this_o product_n of_o the_o oak_n they_o call_v by_o a_o name_n answer_v to_o all-heale_a and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o it_o they_o solemn_o prepare_v a_o sacrifice_n and_o a_o festival_n entertainment_n under_o the_o oak_n and_o bring_v thither_o two_o white_a bull_n who_o horn_n be_v then_o and_o not_o till_o then_o tie_v this_o do_v the_o priest_n habit_v in_o a_o white_a vestment_n climb_v the_o tree_n and_o with_o a_o golden_a pruning-knife_n cut_v off_o the_o misselto_n which_o be_v careful_o receive_v in_o a_o sago_n a_o candido_n sago_n white_a woollen_a cloth_n by_o they_o that_o attend_v below_o then_o they_o proceed_v to_o kill_v the_o beast_n for_o sacrifice_n and_o make_v their_o prayer_n to_o the_o god_n that_o he_o will_v bless_v this_o his_o own_o gift_n to_o those_o person_n to_o who_o they_o shall_v dispense_v it_o they_o have_v a_o conceit_n that_o a_o decoction_n of_o this_o misselto_n give_v to_o any_o barren_a animal_n will_v certain_o make_v it_o fruitful_a also_o that_o it_o be_v a_o most_o sovereign_a antidote_n against_o all_o sort_n of_o poison_n so_o much_o religion_n do_v people_n common_o place_n in_o foppery_n it_o be_v far_a observable_a that_o diodorus_n siculus_n call_v these_o self_n same_o priest_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d saronidae_fw-la saronidae_fw-la a_o word_n signify_v oak_n as_o all_o man_n know_v that_o understand_v the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o maximus_n tyrius_n likewise_o write_v that_o the_o celtae_n or_o gaul_n worship_n jupiter_n of_o who_o they_o make_v the_o high_a oak_n say_v he_o to_o be_v the_o representation_n it_o may_v also_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o these_o druid_n that_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n as_o we_o read_v in_o alfric_n call_v a_o magician_n in_o their_o language_n dry._n dry._n dry._n if_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v far_o inform_v concern_v these_o man_n you_o may_v consult_v mela_n lactantius_n eusebius_n de_fw-fr praeparatione_fw-la evangelica_n and_o the_o comedy_n aulularia_fw-la of_o pseudoplautus_n among_o their_o religious_a bardi_n bardi_n the_o gaul_n have_v also_o their_o bard_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o sing_v to_o the_o harp_n those_o song_n they_o have_v make_v upon_o the_o great_a exploit_n of_o famous_a man_n on_o which_o account_n the_o before_o cite_v lucan_n thus_o speak_v to_o they_o vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la fortes_fw-la animas_fw-la belloque_fw-la poremptas_fw-la laudibus_fw-la in_o longum_fw-la vates_fw-la dimittitis_fw-la aevum_fw-la plurima_fw-la securi_fw-la fudistis_fw-la carmina_fw-la bardi_n and_o you_o old_a 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septimanas_fw-la they_o term_v with-nos_a i.e._n eight_o night_n and_o pymthec-nos_a i.e._n fifteen_o night_n oxford_n night_n so_o the_o sâ—xons_n express_v 20_o 30_o 40_o year_n by_o so_o many_o winter_n and_o we_o at_o this_o day_n retain_v that_o old_a way_n of_o reckon_n by_o night_n in_o our_o seven-night_n and_o fortnight_n which_o be_v plain_o contract_v out_o of_o seven-night_n and_o fourteennight_n and_o whereas_o strabo_n observe_v that_o the_o britain_n worship_v ceres_n and_o proserpina_n the_o infernal_a goddess_n above_o any_o other_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n conclude_v from_o thence_o that_o this_o give_v occasion_n to_o reckon_v by_o night_n and_o winter_n and_o that_o the_o winter_n particular_o be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o infernal_a goddess_n because_o they_o have_v a_o fancy_n that_o in_o this_o season_n the_o seed_n of_o every_o thing_n do_v owe_v their_o preservation_n to_o their_o care_n spelman_n ms._n iceni_n in_o the_o bâ—dleian_n library_n at_o oxford_n likewise_o both_o nation_n seem_v to_o have_v contrive_v one_o and_o the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n wealth_n their_o common_a wealth_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v under_o the_o rule_n of_o a_o single_a person_n but_o as_o gaul_n so_o also_o britain_n have_v many_o king_n and_o as_o the_o gaul_n upon_o extraordinary_a emergency_n use_v to_o call_v a_o public_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o choose_v one_o to_o be_v their_o general_a commander_n so_o the_o britain_n do_v just_o the_o same_o upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n as_o we_o may_v gather_v from_o these_o word_n of_o caesar_n the_o chief_a command_n say_v he_o and_o management_n of_o the_o war_n be_v by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n commit_v to_o cassibellinus_n to_o cassibellinus_n cassivellaunus_n nor_o be_v these_o nation_n unlike_a in_o their_o manner_n manner_n their_o manner_n custom_n or_o way_n of_o live_v both_o be_v stout_a and_o much_o give_v to_o war_n both_o delight_v in_o blood_n and_o both_o of_o
can_v here_o make_v it_o out_o 90._o out_o see_v be_v cius_fw-la pontanus_n opinion_n of_o this_o matter_n in_o camden_n epistle_n p._n 90._o that_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n and_o our_o britain_n speak_v the_o same_o language_n the_o consequence_n be_v so_o clear_a that_o all_o man_n will_v be_v force_v to_o allow_v that_o they_o must_v have_v certain_o have_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o original_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o concern_n in_o this_o case_n what_o caesar_n have_v write_v that_o the_o gaul_n themselves_o speak_v divers_a language_n since_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o only_o in_o dialect_n they_o do_v not_o all_o of_o they_o say_v he_o use_v a_o language_n every_o way_n the_o same_o but_o in_o some_o small_a matter_n vary_v from_o one_o another_o but_o that_o the_o language_n of_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o britain_n make_v a_o allowance_n for_o some_o small_a variety_n in_o the_o dialect_n we_o 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lingua_fw-la fons_fw-la addite_fw-la divis._n divona_n fountain_n of_o the_o god_n in_o gaul_n now_o our_o britain_n call_n god_n rectify_v god_n fynnon_n dhuw_n in_o british_a signify_v fons_n dei_fw-la but_o it_o will_v be_v improper_a to_o say_v duwfynnon_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n for_o that_o will_v signify_v deus_fw-la fontis_fw-la as_o i_o learn_v from_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n llwyd_v by_o who_o information_n several_a slip_n in_o this_o kind_a aâ—e_n rectify_v dyw_n and_o a_o fountain_n vonan_n of_o which_o two_o word_n divonan_n be_v a_o compound_n contrive_v according_a to_o the_o latin_a idiom_n for_o verse-sake_n into_o divona_n we_o find_v in_o several_a author_n that_o jupiter_n who_o from_o thunder_n the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o latin_n tonans_fw-la i.e._n the_o thunderer_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o gaul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o language_n of_o mr._n camden_n be_v charge_v by_o a_o modern_a writer_n as_o put_v taranis_n instead_o 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huad_v a_o dog_n the_o english_a use_n t_z where_o the_o german_n have_v s_o as_o foot_n fus_fw-fr white_a way_z water_n wasser_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o same_o difference_n may_v possible_o be_v between_o the_o gaulish_a and_o bâ—itish_n huad_n with_o our_o modern_a britain_n signify_v a_o dog_n it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o the_o gaul_n worship_v mercury_n under_o the_o name_n of_o teutate_n teutate_n teutate_n as_o the_o inventor_n of_o art_n and_o guide_v to_o traveller_n and_o writing_n and_o duw-faith_n be_v the_o true_a writing_n duw-taith_a in_o the_o british_a import_v as_o much_o as_o the_o god_n of_o journey_n nor_o be_o i_o ignorant_a that_o mercury_n by_o plato_n in_o his_o phaedrus_n and_o philebus_n be_v call_v theut_n though_o i_o know_v some_o will_v have_v teutate_n to_o be_v the_o german_a tuisco_n mention_v in_o tacitus_n and_o the_o same_o with_o mars_n and_o that_o from_o he_o we_o who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o german_n do_v call_v mars_n day_n tuesday_n 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have_v the_o same_o original_n though_o their_o initial_o be_v different_a lean_v from_o whence_o come_v original_o that_o name_n of_o lean-minster_n now_o lemster_n a_o very_a ancient_a nunnery_n among_o the_o britain_n the_o gaul_n say_v polybius_n call_v their_o mercenary_a soldier_n in_o their_o own_o language_n gaessatae_fw-la gaessatae_fw-la gaessatae_fw-la and_o the_o britain_n at_o this_o day_n call_v their_o hire_a servant_n servant_n servant_n gwâ_n a_o servant_n gwesin_n a_o petty_a servant_n guessin_n servius_n tell_v we_o that_o valiant_a man_n be_v by_o the_o gaul_n call_v gessi_fw-la gessi_fw-la gessi_fw-la and_o servant_n and_o guâsdewr_n signify_v a_o stout_a servant_n guassdewr_n among_o the_o britain_n signify_v a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a man_n hither_o also_o may_v be_v refer_v gesum_fw-la gesum_fw-la gesum_fw-la which_o be_v a_o weapon_n proper_a to_o the_o gaul_n as_o pilum_fw-la be_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o framea_fw-la to_o the_o german_n but_o of_o this_o 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gâ—ssa_n rheda_n covinus_n essedum_n cateia_n brachae_n petoritum_n word_n allege_v by_o mr._n camden_n to_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n see_v more_o in_o vossius_fw-la de_fw-la vitiis_fw-la serm._n lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o and_o 3._o gessa_o gessa_n gessa_n a_o gaulish_a weapon_n servius_n interpret_v a_o spear_n or_o pike_n to_o which_o the_o british_a ember_n british_a this_o be_v long_o since_o obsolete_a but_o if_o it_o ever_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o gaulish_a ge_n we_o must_v suppose_v it_o a_o compound_n from_o kerh_n a_o word_n that_o may_v signify_v a_o dart_n or_o spear_n and_o ulw_n hot_a ember_n cethilou_n seem_v to_o be_v akin_a and_o that_o according_a to_o ninnius_n exposition_n signify_v stake_n burn_v at_o the_o end_n as_o also_o a_o warlike_a seed_n or_o generation_n pausanias_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o gaul_n who_o brennus_n lead_v into_o greece_n call_v that_o sort_n of_o horse-fight_a which_o consist_v of_o three_o horse_n a_o breast_n in_o their_o own_o country_n language_n trimarcia_n trimarcia_n trimarcia_n for_o a_o horse_n say_v he_o be_v among_o the_o gaul_n call_v marca_n now_o this_o be_v absolute_o a_o british_a word_n for_o tri_n with_o they_o signify_v three_o and_o march_v a_o horse_n in_o the_o same_o book_n pausanias_n write_v that_o the_o gaul_n call_v their_o own_o country_n shield_n thireos_n thireos_n thireos_n which_o to_o this_o day_n the_o britain_n call_n tarian_n caesar_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o ephemerides_n or_o journal_n as_o we_o have_v it_o from_o servius_n that_o once_o be_v in_o gaul_n take_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o carry_v away_o on_o horseback_n in_o his_o armour_n they_o be_v meet_v by_o a_o gaul_n that_o know_v he_o who_o insult_o cry_a out_o cetos_fw-la cetos_fw-la cetos_fw-la caesar_n which_o in_o the_o gaulish_a language_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v let_v go_v caesar_n now_o caesarem_fw-la now_o gadwch_v gaisar_n signify_v in_o british_a caesarem_fw-la dimittite_fw-la as_o kedwch_n or_o 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not_o from_o annibal_n paenus_fw-la i.e._n the_o carthaginian_a but_o from_o the_o very_o high_a mountain_n thereabouts_o the_o top_n whereof_o be_v consecrate_v and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o penninus_n give_v to_o it_o by_o the_o mountaineer_n of_o gaul_n now_o the_o promontory_n the_o and_o also_o promontory_n top_n of_o mountain_n be_v call_v pen_n by_o our_o britain_n at_o this_o day_n as_o for_o instance_n maur_n instance_n the_o true_a writing_n be_v pen_n maen_fw-mi maur_n penmon-maur_a pen_n pendle_n pencohcloud_n appenninus_fw-la appenninus_fw-la and_o promontory_n and_o which_o be_v possible_o a_o corruption_n from_o pen_n y-gwynt_a which_o signify_v a_o windy_a promontory_n pennigent_a the_o high_a mountain_n among_o we_o have_v all_o borrow_a their_o name_n from_o this_o word_n and_o so_o have_v also_o the_o apennine_n in_o italy_n the_o city_n of_o gaul_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o sea_n caesar_n tell_v we_o be_v by_o the_o gaul_n name_v aremoricae_n armoricae_n armoricae_n with_o who_o our_o modern_a britain_n agree_v in_o apply_v the_o same_o word_n exact_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n for_o armour_n with_o they_o signify_v by_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o very_a same_o notion_n strabo_n call_v they_o in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n dioclesian_n the_o peasant_n in_o gaul_n raise_v a_o rebellion_n bachauda_fw-la bachauda_fw-la and_o impose_v upon_o their_o party_n the_o name_n of_o 64._o of_o they_o be_v call_v by_o different_a author_n bagaudae_n vacaudae_fw-la bacaudae_fw-la nor_o as_o salvianus_n witness_v do_v they_o consist_v whole_o of_o country_n people_n or_o swineherd_n but_o of_o many_o of_o the_o beâ—ter_a sort_n too_o who_o be_v intolerable_o oppress_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v force_v to_o take_v arms._n see_v samme_n brit._n p._n 64._o baucadae_fw-la now_o swineherd_n and_o rustic_n be_v call_v neatherd_n call_v it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o 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celtae_n and_o gallathae_fw-la the_o most_o learned_a among_o the_o french_a can_v never_o tell_v we_o i_o wish_v they_o will_v consider_v whether_o this_o may_v not_o be_v deduce_v from_o the_o british_a word_n gwalht_n word_n gwalht_n gualt_n guâ—lt_n guâ—lt_n which_o to_o this_o day_n signify_v the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n as_o gualtoc_n do_v comata_fw-la i.e._n longhaired_n from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o celtica_n and_o gallathae_fw-la and_o galli_n may_v all_o very_a well_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v only_o a_o little_a mollify_v by_o some_o difference_n in_o the_o pronunciation_n now_o that_o the_o celtae_n be_v call_v comati_fw-la from_o their_o large_a head_n of_o hair_n which_o they_o wear_v always_o at_o its_o full_a length_n be_v universal_o acknowlege_v by_o the_o learned_a and_o as_o for_o the_o letter_n c_o 66._o lipsius_n de_fw-fr prenunciatione_fw-la p_o 66._o k_o q_n and_o g_o whether_o in_o power_n or_o sound_n there_o be_v but_o little_a difference_n among_o they_o garâ—nâ—e_n garumna_n garâ—nâ—e_n that_o the_o noble_a river_n of_o garonne_n in_o france_n run_v with_o a_o mighty_a forcible_a and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o rough_a current_n be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o know_v from_o whence_o the_o poet_n have_v give_v it_o the_o epithet_n of_o the_o strong_a the_o sealike_a the_o rapid_a garonne_n all_o which_o the_o british_a word_n gentle_a word_n garw_n or_o garwv_n be_v rough_a and_o arar_n gentle_a garrw_o do_v full_o import_v the_o river_n arar_n arar_n arar_n or_o saonne_n saonne_n saonne_n move_v so_o incredible_o slow_a that_o you_o can_v tell_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o way_n it_o have_v its_o course_n hence_o by_o the_o poet_n it_o be_v call_v the_o slow_a and_o the_o still_a arar_n now_o ara_n with_o the_o britain_n signify_v slow_v and_o still_o rhodanus_n râ—â—danus_n râ—â—danus_n the_o rhosne_fw-fr rhosne_fw-fr rhosne_fw-fr which_o receive_v the_o arar_n run_v with_o a_o very_a swift_a and_o violent_a current_n and_o be_v therefore_o term_v hasty_a swift_a and_o precipitant_n the_o word_n sound_v not_o much_o unlike_a rhedc_n which_o signify_v celerity_n in_o run_v strabo_n and_o other_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o mountain_n gebennae_fw-la now_o call_v the_o cevennes_n run_v along_o in_o one_o continue_a ridge_n through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o gaul_n cevennes_n g_o lâ—nnae_fw-la mountain_n of_o auâ—eâ—â—ne_n cevennes_n but_o that_o backs_z that_o the_o british_a call_v mountain_n keun_v and_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n keuneu_fw-fr that_o be_v backs_z kevin_n signify_v the_o ridge_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o our_o britain_n appear_v by_o the_o british_a lexicon_n there_o be_v also_o near_o otteley_n in_o yorkshire_n a_o long_a ridge_n of_o hill_n which_o i_o have_v see_v at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o kevin_n by_o the_o people_n of_o those_o part_n whereas_o stone_n be_v in_o old_a time_n erect_v in_o gaul_n by_o the_o road-side_n at_o the_o just_a distance_n of_o every_o fifteen_o hundred_o pace_n and_o since_o the_o french_a leuca_n leuca_n leuca_n or_o league_n contain_v as_o jornandes_n observe_v just_o the_o same_o number_n and_o lhech_n and_o lhech_n leech_n in_o the_o british_a signify_v a_o stone_n i_o will_v desire_v the_o learned_a among_o the_o french_a to_o consider_v whether_o their_o word_n leuca_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o thence_o â—ci_fw-la stoâ—y_o â—â—â—ds_n campâ—_n lâ—p_n â—ci_fw-la near_o the_o seaside_n in_o that_o part_n of_o france_n which_o be_v heretofore_o call_v narbonensis_n where_o hercules_n and_o albion_n fight_v if_o we_o believe_v the_o old_a fable_n on_o all_o side_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o the_o stone_n lie_v so_o thick_a that_o one_o will_v almost_o think_v it_o have_v rain_v stone_n there_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v by_o writer_n call_v the_o stony_a shore_n and_o the_o stony_a field_n the_o french_a at_o this_o day_n call_v it_o le_fw-fr craux_n and_o yet_o they_o know_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o name_n now_o in_o british_a stone_n be_v call_v grag_v call_v stone_n be_v call_v kerig_n but_o kraig_n be_v a_o rock_n from_o whence_o in_o our_o northern_a part_n we_o still_o call_v they_o grag_v craig_n that_o people_n which_o in_o old_a time_n inhabit_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o gaul_n lie_v near_o to_o britain_n be_v in_o their_o own_o language_n call_v morini_n morini_n morini_n now_o mor_n be_v in_o british_a the_o sea_n from_o whence_o that_o word_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v for_o the_o britain_n call_n morinwyr_n such_o as_o live_v upon_o the_o sea-coast_n as_o aremorica_n of_o old_a in_o the_o gaulish_a tongue_n and_o now_o in_o the_o british_a signify_v by_o the_o seaside_n araes_n arelate_n araes_n so_o arelate_n a_o famous_a city_n of_o gaul_n which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o marshy_a and_o watery_a soil_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v that_o name_n pure_o from_o its_o situation_n for_o be_v in_o british_a signify_v upon_o and_o laith_n moisture_n uxellodunum_n uâ—â—lloâ—unum_n uâ—â—lloâ—unum_n know_v cadenac_n say_v caesar_n be_v a_o town_n have_v on_o all_o side_n a_o rocky_a access_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n now_o place_n now_o this_o be_v very_o often_o use_v in_o compound_a name_n of_o place_n uchel_n in_o british_a be_v as_o much_o as_o lofty_a and_o dunum_n dunum_n dunum_n among_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n signify_v a_o high_a ground_n or_o a_o hill_n as_o plutarch_n in_o his_o book_n of_o rivers_n tell_v we_o out_o of_o clitiphon_n and_o the_o same_o word_n be_v also_o use_v in_o that_o sense_n by_o the_o ancient_a britain_n pliny_n place_v the_o promontory_n cytharistes_n cytharistes_n cytharistes_n in_o gaul_n near_o marseilles_n where_o the_o town_n of_o tolon_fw-mi now_o stand_v and_o if_o you_o ask_v our_o present_a britain_n what_o they_o call_v cythara_n i.e._n a_o harp_n in_o their_o language_n they_o will_v tell_v you_o harp_n you_o telyn_n be_v a_o harp_n telen_n again_o to_o put_v this_o matter_n past_o all_o far_a
with_o aspiration_n which_o the_o latin_n as_o studious_o avoid_v now_o as_o brito_n come_v from_o birth_n so_o do_v britannia_n also_o in_o my_o opinion_n britannia_fw-la say_v isidore_n be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o word_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n now_o whereas_o the_o most_o ancient_a greek_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v this_o name_n of_o britain_n to_o our_o island_n either_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o trade_n or_o of_o piracy_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v long_a voyage_n keep_v always_o close_o to_o the_o shore_n as_o eratosthenes_n have_v observe_v they_o may_v either_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o native_n or_o learn_v from_o the_o gaul_n who_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n that_o the_o people_n of_o this_o island_n be_v call_v birth_n and_o brithon_n country_n tania_n so_o the_o german_n now_o add_v landt_n to_o the_o name_n of_o country_n and_o thereupon_o to_o the_o word_n birth_n add_v tania_n a_o termination_n which_o in_o greek_a as_o the_o 60._o the_o the_o learned_a casaubon_n have_v express_v himself_o dissatisfy_v with_o the_o bare_a authority_n of_o glossary_n in_o this_o point_n unless_o it_o also_o appear_v that_o some_o writer_n have_v use_v the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o that_o sense_n what_o he_o imagine_v may_v occasion_v such_o a_o mistake_n in_o the_o glossographer_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d use_v to_o signify_v a_o little_a slip_n or_o tongue_n of_o land_n or_o shore_n see_v camden_n epist_n p._n 60._o glossary_n tell_v we_o signify_v a_o region_n or_o country_n out_o of_o which_o two_o word_n they_o compound_v the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d corrupt_o write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n the_o country_n of_o the_o briton_n lucretius_n and_o caesar_n have_v name_v it_o more_o true_o britannia_n and_o they_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o latin_n that_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o that_o the_o matter_n stand_v thus_o as_o to_o britain_n i_o do_v the_o more_o firm_o believe_v because_o we_o find_v not_o in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o a-above_a three_o country_n of_o any_o considerable_a largeness_n the_o name_n whereof_o do_o terminate_v in_o tâ—nia_fw-la and_o even_o those_o three_o lie_v all_o in_o this_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o wit_n mauritania_n lusitania_n and_o aquitania_n ibid._n aquitania_n there_o be_v two_o more_o which_o have_v the_o same_o termination_n capitania_n and_o occitania_n ibid._n of_o which_o i_o question_v not_o but_o that_o the_o greek_n who_o first_o discover_v those_o country_n be_v the_o inventor_n and_o that_o from_o they_o the_o latin_n afterward_o receive_v they_o for_o from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mauri_n they_o make_v mauritania_n as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o the_o mauri_n which_o according_a to_o strabo_n by_o the_o native_n themselves_o be_v call_v numidia_n from_o lusus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o bacchus_n they_o frame_v lusitania_n that_o be_v the_o country_n of_o lusus_fw-la and_o perhaps_o they_o call_v aquitain_n by_o that_o name_n ab_fw-la aquis_fw-la as_o ivo_n carnotensis_n think_v since_o it_o be_v a_o country_n seat_v upon_o the_o water_n in_o which_o sense_n also_o as_o pliny_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v former_o call_v armorica_n i._n e_o lie_v upon_o the_o sea-coast_n as_o for_o turditania_n and_o bastitania_n name_n of_o small_a country_n in_o spain_n and_o consequent_o lie_v in_o these_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n they_o may_v be_v very_o proper_o reduce_v under_o the_o same_o head_n and_o seem_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o country_n of_o the_o turdi_fw-it and_o the_o basti_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o unusual_a to_o compound_v a_o name_n of_o a_o foreign_a and_o a_o greek_a word_n word_n be_v compound_v 1._o lib._n 1._o say_v quintilian_n either_o of_o our_o own_o i.e._n latin_n and_o a_o foreign_a word_n as_o biclinium_fw-la or_o just_o contrary_a of_o a_o foreign_a word_n and_o a_o latin_a tack_v to_o it_o as_o epitogium_fw-la and_o anticato_fw-la or_o of_o two_o foreign_a word_n as_o epirrhedium_fw-la and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a sort_n of_o composition_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o country_n be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o ireland_n a_o manifest_a compound_v of_o the_o irish_a erin_n and_o the_o english_a word_n land_n be_v not_o angleterre_n a_o name_n make_v by_o the_o conjunction_n of_o a_o french_a with_o a_o english_a word_n be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o franclond_n for_o so_o our_o old_a saxon_n call_v france_n a_o product_n both_o of_o the_o french_a and_o saxon_a language_n come_v not_o poleland_n likewise_o from_o a_o polish_v word_n that_o signify_v a_o plain_a or_o level_v unite_v with_o a_o german_a last_o be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o denmark_n compound_v of_o a_o danish_a and_o the_o german_a word_n march_n which_o signify_v a_o bound_n or_o limit_v but_o in_o a_o thing_n so_o evident_a more_o word_n be_v needless_a nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o the_o greek_n shall_v give_v to_o our_o isle_n this_o addition_n of_o tania_n whenas_o st._n jerome_n in_o his_o question_n upon_o genesis_n prove_v out_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a author_n that_o the_o grecian_n have_v their_o colony_n and_o plantation_n along_o all_o the_o seacoast_n in_o europe_n and_o in_o all_o the_o island_n even_o as_o far_o as_o our_o britain_n let_v we_o say_v he_o look_v into_o varro_n treatise_n of_o antiquity_n and_o that_o of_o sisinius_n capito_n and_o also_o the_o greek_a writer_n phlegon_n and_o of_o several_a other_o eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o we_o shall_v plain_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o the_o island_n and_o seacoast_n over_o the_o whole_a world_n with_o the_o land_n border_v upon_o the_o coast_n be_v general_o possess_v by_o the_o greek_n for_o that_o people_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o possess_v all_o the_o seacoast_n from_o the_o mountain_n amanus_n and_o taurus_n as_o far_o as_o the_o british_a ocean_n mores_fw-la ocean_n concern_v the_o knowledge_n the_o greek_n and_o roman_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v of_o britain_n see_v more_o hereafter_o under_o the_o title_n britannorum_fw-la mores_fw-la now_o that_o the_o greek_n do_v land_n in_o this_o our_o island_n and_o make_v their_o observation_n of_o the_o situation_n and_o nature_n of_o it_o britain_n that_o the_o greek_n come_v into_o britain_n will_v be_v a_o point_n past_o all_o question_n if_o we_o do_v but_o first_o observe_v what_o athenaeus_n have_v write_v concern_v phileas_n taurominites_n of_o who_o more_o anon_o who_o be_v in_o britain_n in_o the_o 160._o year_n before_o the_o come_n of_o caesar_n next_o if_o we_o do_v not_o forget_v the_o altar_n with_o a_o inscription_n to_o ulysses_n in_o greek_a letter_n and_o last_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o pytheas_n have_v relate_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n concern_v the_o distance_n of_o thule_n from_o britain_n for_o who_o shall_v ever_o have_v discover_v to_o the_o greek_n either_o britain_n thule_n or_o the_o country_n of_o belgium_n especial_o their_o seacoast_n unless_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o grecian_n have_v enter_v the_o british_a and_o german_a ocean_n and_o give_v their_o geographer_n a_o account_n of_o they_o can_v any_o one_o imagine_v that_o pytheas_n can_v ever_o have_v know_v any_o thing_n of_o what_o lie_v six_o day_n sail_v beyond_o britain_n but_o that_o some_o grecian_a give_v he_o information_n how_o else_o can_v the_o greek_n ever_o come_v to_o know_v that_o there_o be_v such_o place_n as_o scandia_n bergos_n and_o nerigon_n from_o whence_o the_o passage_n lie_v by_o sea_n to_o thule_n these_o very_a name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v much_o better_a know_v even_o to_o the_o most_o ancient_a among_o the_o greek_n than_o either_o to_o pliny_n or_o to_o any_o one_o of_o the_o roman_n according_o mela_n tell_v we_o that_o thule_n have_v be_v much_o celebrate_v by_o the_o grecian_a poet_n and_o pliny_n say_v britain_n be_v a_o island_n famous_a in_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o have_v happen_v that_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o greek_a word_n have_v creep_v into_o the_o british_a and_o french_a language_n as_o also_o into_o the_o belgic_a or_o low-dutch_a hereupon_o lazarus_n bayfius_n and_o budaeus_fw-la have_v take_v a_o occasion_n very_o much_o to_o value_v their_o country_n upon_o this_o that_o the_o french_a be_v in_o old_a time_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n great_a admirer_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o build_v their_o principal_a argument_n for_o it_o upon_o a_o few_o french_a word_n which_o still_o retain_v some_o mark_n of_o the_o greek_a and_o hadrianus_n junius_n seem_v not_o less_o overjoy_v when_o he_o can_v here_o and_o there_o light_a upon_o a_o belgic_a word_n that_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o greek_a etymology_n now_o if_o so_o orthography_n greek_n word_n in_o the_o british_a language_n in_o his_o
never_o have_v any_o such_o mode_n of_o paint_v among_o they_o or_o that_o they_o be_v the_o agathyrsi_n of_o thrace_n a_o people_n so_o very_o far_o off_o and_o not_o rather_o that_o they_o be_v the_o britain_n themselves_o see_v they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o island_n and_o have_v the_o very_a same_o custom_n of_o paint_v nor_o be_v these_o barbarian_n who_o so_o long_o infest_a the_o roman_n by_o their_o sally_n from_o the_o caledonian_n wood_n express_v by_o any_o other_o name_n in_o old_a author_n such_o as_o dio_fw-mi herodian_a vopiscus_n etc._n etc._n than_o that_o of_o britain_n likewise_o tacitus_n who_o give_v a_o full_a account_n of_o that_o war_n that_o his_o father_n in_o law_n agricola_n carry_v on_o in_o this_o outward_a part_n of_o britain_n call_v the_o inhabitant_n by_o no_o other_o name_n than_o this_o of_o britanni_n and_o è_fw-la caledonia_n britanni_n whereas_o these_o newcomer_n the_o pict_n have_v be_v here_o ten_o year_n before_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o our_o modern_a writer_n which_o i_o will_v have_v notice_n take_v of_o because_o tacitus_n know_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o they_o in_o his_o time_n nor_o will_v those_o roman_a emperor_n who_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o success_n against_o they_o namely_o commodus_n severus_n with_o bassianus_n and_o geta_n his_o son_n have_v assume_v the_o title_n of_o britannici_n upon_o the_o conquest_n of_o they_o in_o case_n they_o have_v not_o be_v britain_n without_o doubt_n if_o the_o roman_n to_o who_o every_o thing_n unknown_a be_v magnificent_a have_v conquer_v any_o other_o nation_n different_a from_o the_o britain_n and_o which_o they_o know_v not_o of_o before_o whether_o they_o have_v be_v call_v pict_n or_o scot_n will_v have_v have_v those_o title_n of_o pict_n or_o scot_n in_o their_o coin_n and_o inscription_n tacitus_n conjecture_n from_o their_o red_a hair_n and_o the_o bigness_n of_o their_o limb_n that_o they_o come_v original_o from_o germany_n but_o immediate_o after_o he_o more_o true_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o climate_n which_o model_n the_o body_n in_o it_o whereupon_o also_o vitruvius_n those_o part_n towards_o the_o north-pole_n produce_v man_n of_o huge_a bulk_n taunish_v colour_n and_o lank_a red_a hair_n moreover_o that_o the_o caledonian_n who_o be_v without_o dispute_n britain_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o the_o pict_n we_o have_v another_o hint_n in_o that_o of_o the_o panegyrist_n caledonum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la pictorum_fw-la sylvas_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o if_o the_o caledonian_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o pict_n and_o that_o these_o caledonian_n be_v a_o british_a nation_n martial_n intimate_v in_o this_o verse_n of_o he_o quinte_n caledonios_n ovidi_fw-la visure_n britannos_fw-la friend_n ovid_n who_o your_o voyage_n now_o design_n to_o caledonian_n britain_n &c._n &c._n ausonius_n also_o who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n show_v we_o they_o be_v paint_v when_o he_o thus_o compare_v their_o colour_n to_o green_a moss_n mix_v with_o gravel_n viridem_fw-la distinguit_fw-la glarea_fw-la muscum_fw-la tota_n caledoniis_fw-la talis_fw-la pictura_fw-la britannis_fw-la green_a moss_n with_o yellow_a sand_n distinguish_v grow_v just_o so_o the_o caledonian_n britain_n show_v but_o as_o these_o go_v current_n for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o no_o other_o name_n than_o that_o of_o britain_n and_o that_o too_o draw_v from_o their_o paint_a body_n so_o afterward_o about_o the_o time_n of_o maximinian_n and_o dioclesian_n before_o which_o the_o word_n pict_n be_v not_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o writer_n when_o britain_n have_v be_v so_o long_o a_o province_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n begin_v to_o understand_v the_o provincial_a latin_a these_o than_o seem_v first_o to_o have_v be_v call_v pict_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o who_o be_v confederate_a with_o the_o roman_n and_o call_v britain_n and_o what_o can_v give_v occasion_n for_o call_v they_o pict_n but_o that_o they_o paint_v themselves_o but_o if_o any_o one_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o ever_o our_o britain_n make_v use_n of_o the_o provincial_a latin_a he_o have_v not_o observe_v what_o care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o induce_v the_o province_n to_o speak_v that_o language_n nor_o what_o multitude_n of_o latin_a word_n have_v creep_v into_o the_o british_a tongue_n so_o that_o i_o need_v not_o urge_v this_o point_n any_o far_o with_o the_o authority_n of_o tacitus_n who_o write_v that_o in_o domitian_n time_n the_o britain_n affect_v the_o eloquence_n of_o the_o roman_a language_n but_o as_o for_o this_o name_n of_o the_o pict_n 37._o lib._n 4._o c._n 37._o the_o authority_n of_o flavius_n vegetius_n will_v clear_v all_o doubt_n concern_v it_o he_o in_o some_o measure_n demonstrate_v that_o the_o britain_n use_v the_o word_n pictae_fw-la to_o express_v a_o thing_n colour_v in_o the_o very_a same_o sense_n that_o the_o roman_n do_v for_o he_o say_v that_o the_o britain_n call_v your_o scout-pinnace_n pictae_fw-la the_o sail_n and_o cable_n thereof_o be_v die_v blue_a and_o the_o mariner_n and_o soldier_n clad_v in_o habit_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n certain_o if_o the_o britain_n will_v call_v ship_n from_o their_o sail_n of_o blue-dye_a pictae_fw-la there_o be_v no_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o give_v the_o name_n picti_n to_o a_o people_n that_o paint_v their_o body_n with_o several_a colour_n and_o especial_o with_o blue_a for_o that_o be_v the_o die_v that_o woad_n give_v this_o far_a make_v for_o our_o purpose_n that_o the_o northern_a pict_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o the_o preach_n and_o example_n of_o s._n columbanus_n be_v call_v in_o the_o old_a saxon_a annal_n pihtas_n annal_n in_o all_o the_o copy_n i_o have_v sâ—en_o they_o be_v simple_o call_v pihtas_n brittas_n pechtas_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v british_a pict_n pict_n language_n of_o the_o pict_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v not_o many_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o language_n of_o the_o pict_n be_v because_o hardly_o a_o syllable_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o author_n however_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o british_a bede_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o vallum_n hol._n vallum_n make_a against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o pict_n hol._n begin_v at_o a_o place_n call_v in_o the_o pictish_a tongue_n penuahel_n now_o pengual_n in_o british_a plain_o signify_v a_o head_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o vallum_fw-la moreover_o in_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o be_v long_a possess_v by_o the_o pict_n and_o that_o be_v the_o east_n part_n of_o scotland_n many_o name_n of_o place_n seem_v to_o imply_v a_o british_a original_a for_o example_n morria_n marnia_n from_o the_o british_a word_n mor_n because_o those_o country_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n aberden_n abenlothneâ—_n aberdore_n aberneith_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o den_n of_o the_o lothnet_n of_o the_o door_n and_o of_o the_o neith_n from_o the_o british_a word_n aber_n which_o signify_v the_o mouth_n of_o a_o river_n so_o strathbolgy_n strathdee_n strathearn_n that_o be_v the_o vale_n of_o bolgy_n of_o the_o dee_n and_o of_o the_o earn_v from_o the_o word_n strath_n which_o mean_v a_o valley_n in_o british_a nay_o the_o very_a metropolis_n of_o the_o pict_n own_v its_o name_n to_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o no_o other_o language_n but_o the_o british_a i_o mean_v edinburgh_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v castrum_n alatum_fw-la for_o aden_n signify_v a_o wing_n in_o british_a nor_o will_v i_o wrest_v it_o to_o a_o argument_n that_o some_o of_o the_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o pict_n be_v call_v bridii_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o british_a britannia_fw-la british_a the_o true_a signification_n of_o birth_n see_v before_o under_o the_o â—itle_n name_v of_o britain_n and_o somner_n gloslarie_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la under_fw-la britannia_fw-la paint_a as_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v already_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o pretty_a clear_o follow_v that_o â—e_a language_n of_o the_o pict_n be_v not_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o britain_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o nation_n be_v not_o several_a and_o distinct_a although_o bede_n speak_v of_o the_o language_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o britain_n as_o quit_v different_a in_o which_o place_n perhaps_o he_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v mean_v only_o dialect_v by_o the_o term_n of_o language_n nor_o be_v it_o strange_a that_o the_o pict_n shall_v by_o their_o incursion_n give_v great_a slaughter_n to_o their_o countryman_n the_o britain_n see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o ireland_n those_o that_o be_v there_o subject_a to_o the_o english_a have_v no_o such_o malicious_a and_o spiteful_a enemy_n as_o their_o own_o fellow-natives_a the_o wild-irish_a for_o as_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la have_v it_o just_o as_o the_o goth_n hyppogoth_n gepidians_n and_o vandal_n change_v their_o name_n only_o and_o speak_v the_o
albion_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v not_o come_v from_o albedo_n whiteness_n for_o that_o they_o call_v ban_n so_o that_o ellanban_n may_v be_v as_o much_o in_o scotch_a as_o a_o white_a island_n or_o whether_o it_o may_v not_o come_v out_o of_o ireland_n which_o be_v call_v by_o their_o poet_n banno_fw-la and_o so_o allabany_n be_v as_o much_o either_o as_o another_o ireland_n or_o a_o second_o ireland_n for_o historian_n call_v ireland_n â—cotia_fw-la major_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n scotiae_fw-la minor_n moreover_o see_v the_o scot_n call_v themselves_o in_o their_o own_o language_n alvin_n alvinus_fw-la albin_n and_o alvinus_fw-la whence_o blondus_n have_v name_v they_o scoti_n albienses_n or_o albinenses_n and_o buchanan_n albini_n let_v the_o critic_n consider_v whether_o that_o in_o s._n jerom_n where_o he_o inveigh_v against_o a_o certain_a pelagian_a a_o scotchman_n shall_v not_o be_v read_v albinum_n for_o alpinum_fw-la aâ—pinus_n a_o alpine_a dog_n s._n aâ—â—â—n_o a_o 〈◊〉_d the_o maâ—â—yrologie_n 〈◊〉_d sâ—pâ—_n be_v call_v aâ—pinus_n when_o he_o call_v he_o a_o alpine_a dâ—g_n huge_a and_o corpulent_a who_o can_v do_v more_o mischief_n with_o his_o hâ—â—ls_n than_o with_o his_o britannia_fw-la saxonica_n tooth_n for_o he_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o scotch_a nation_n border_v upon_o britain_n and_o he_o say_v in_o another_o place_n he_o be_v overgrow_v with_o scotch_a browis_n i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o ever_o i_o read_v of_o alpine_a dog_n in_o any_o author_n but_o that_o the_o hamshire_n the_o of_o what_o great_a value_n the_o british_a dog_n be_v our_o author_n have_v show_v at_o large_a in_o hamshire_n scotch_a dog_n be_v then_o famous_a at_o rome_n as_o appear_v from_o symmachus_n seven_o scotch_a dog_n say_v he_o be_v so_o admire_v at_o rome_n die_fw-la scotch_a â—ogs_n l._n 2._o â—pist_v â—76_n praeâ—â—â—nis_fw-la die_fw-la the_o day_n before_o the_o play_n that_o they_o think_v they_o bring_v over_o in_o iron-cage_n but_o when_o the_o scot_n 280._o scot_n of_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o scot_n into_o britain_n see_v stillingfleet_n orig._n britann_n p._n 280._o come_v into_o britain_n to_o the_o pict_n though_o they_o provoke_v the_o britain_n with_o continual_a skirmish_n and_o ravages_n yet_o the_o scotch-state_n come_v not_o immediate_o to_o a_o full_a growth_n but_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o that_o corner_n where_o they_o first_o arrive_v nor_o do_v they_o as_o bede_n say_v for_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o seven_o year_n 〈◊〉_d â—b_fw-la 1._o cap._n 〈◊〉_d take_v the_o field_n against_o the_o petty_a king_n of_o northumberland_n till_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n they_o have_v almost_o quite_o rout_v the_o pict_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n be_v utter_o destroy_v by_o civil_a war_n and_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o then_o all_o the_o north_n part_n of_o britain_n fall_v under_o the_o name_n of_o scotland_n together_o with_o that_o inner_a country_n on_o this_o side_n the_o cluid_a and_o edinburgh_n frith_n for_o that_o this_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n â—de_n â—de_n and_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v universal_o agree_v upon_o by_o which_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n part_n of_o scotland_n call_v lowland-man_n as_o live_v low_a be_v original_o saxon_n and_o speak_v english_a but_o that_o such_o as_o live_v towards_o the_o west_n call_v highland-man_n from_o their_o high_a situation_n be_v real_a scot_n and_o speak_v irish_a as_o we_o observe_v before_o be_v mortal_a enemy_n to_o those_o lowlander_n that_o speak_v english_a that_o the_o attacotti_n â—ttacotti_n â—ttacotti_n a_o warlike_a nation_n do_v infest_v britain_n along_o with_o the_o scot_n we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n and_o that_o these_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o scotch_a nation_n be_v the_o opinion_n of_o h._n lhuid_n but_o how_o true_a i_o know_v not_o joviaâ—n_o 2._o conâ—_n joviaâ—n_o st._n jerom_n express_o call_v they_o a_o british_a people_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o he_o be_v young_a probable_o in_o the_o emperor_n julian_n time_n he_o see_v in_o france_n the_o attacotti_n a_o british_a people_n feed_v upon_o man_n flesh_n and_o when_o they_o find_v in_o the_o wood_n drove_n of_o hog_n herd_n of_o beast_n or_o sheep_n that_o they_o use_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o buttock_n of_o the_o herdsman_n and_o the_o pap_n of_o the_o woman_n and_o look_v upon_o these_o as_o the_o rich_a dainty_n for_o here_o we_o be_v to_o read_v attacotti_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o manuscript_n and_o not_o scoti_n with_o erasmus_n who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n own_v the_o place_n to_o be_v faulty_a though_o i_o must_v confess_v in_o one_o manuscript_n it_o be_v attigotti_n in_o another_o catacotti_n cattiganci_n vincentius_n in_o his_o speculum_fw-la readâ—_n it_o attigotti_n i_o aethicus_n geography_n they_o be_v read_v cattiganci_n and_o in_o a_o three_o cattiti_fw-la but_o of_o the_o scot_n it_o can_v as_o it_o be_v common_o be_v understand_v for_o jerom_n in_o that_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o several_a nation_n begin_v the_o sentence_n immediate_o follow_v thus_o the_o scotch_a nation_n have_v no_o wife_n peculiar_a to_o single_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o another_o place_n where_o jerom_n mention_n the_o attacotti_n erasmus_n put_v in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o azoti_fw-la these_o as_o we_o learn_v from_o the_o notitia_fw-la be_v stipendiaries_n in_o the_o decline_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n for_o they_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o palatine-aid_n in_o gaul_n attecotti_n juniores_fw-la gallicani_n and_o attecotti_n honoriani_n seniores_fw-la and_o in_o italy_n attecotti_n honoriani_n juniores_fw-la by_o this_o addition_n of_o honoriani_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v some_o of_o those_o barbarian_n that_o honorius_n the_o emperor_n receive_v into_o league_n and_o list_v they_o in_o his_o army_n not_o without_o great_a damage_n to_o the_o empire_n among_o the_o nation_n that_o make_v incursion_n into_o britain_n the_o ambrones_n ambrones_n ambrones_n be_v reckon_v up_o by_o john_n caius_n one_o who_o have_v employ_v his_o time_n upon_o the_o best_a study_n and_o to_o who_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n be_v extreme_o indebt_v upon_o read_v these_o word_n in_o that_o part_n of_o gildas_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o picâ—s_n and_o scot_n those_o former_a enemy_n like_v so_o many_o lupi_fw-la many_o ambrones_n lupi_fw-la ravenous_a wolf_n enrage_v with_o extremity_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n leap_v over_o the_o sheepfold_n and_o the_o shepherd_n not_o appear_v carry_v with_o the_o wing_n of_o oar_n the_o arm_n of_o rower_n and_o sail_n drive_v forward_o by_o the_o wind_n break_v through_o and_o butcher_v all_o they_o come_v near_o here_o the_o good_a oâ—d_a man_n remember_v that_o he_o have_v read_v in_o festus_n how_o the_o ambrones_n pour_v into_o italy_n along_o with_o the_o cimbrian_o but_o then_o he_o have_v forget_v that_o ambro_n as_o isidore_n observe_v signify_v a_o devourer_n and_o neither_o gildas_n nor_o geâ—ffrey_n of_o monmouth_n who_o call_v the_o saxon_n ambrones_n use_v the_o word_n in_o any_o other_o sense_n nor_o have_v i_o ever_o find_v in_o any_o ancient_a author_n that_o there_o be_v other_o ambrones_n that_o invade_v britain_n the_o english-saxons_a â—ons_fw-fr â—glish_fw-fr â—ons_fw-fr when_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o valentinian_n the_o young_a be_v decline_v and_o britain_n both_o 288._o both_o it_o be_v most_o of_o all_o exhaust_v by_o the_o proceed_n of_o maximus_n who_o be_v set_v up_o emperor_n by_o the_o soldiery_n in_o britain_n to_o secure_v himself_o against_o gratian_n anâ—_n valentinian_n carry_v over_o the_o flower_n of_o the_o bâ—itains_n and_o will_v not_o let_v they_o return_v home_o see_v ninnius_n cap._n 23._o stillingfl_fw-mi orig._n brit._n p._n 288._o rob_v of_o her_o able_a man_n by_o frequent_a levy_n and_o abandon_v by_o the_o roman_a garrison_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o withstand_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n guorâ—rn_n â—alled_v 〈◊〉_d guorâ—rn_n vortigern_n who_o either_o be_v constitute_v general_n by_o the_o britain_n or_o as_o some_o think_v usurp_v that_o title_n dignity_n title_n not_o so_o much_o against_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n as_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o though_o those_o northern_a nation_n do_v no_o doubt_n very_o much_o terrify_v he_o yet_o he_o have_v moâ—e_n reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o britain_n themselves_o if_o what_o gildas_n tell_v we_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o confusion_n they_o be_v leave_v in_o they_o set_v up_o king_n and_o quick_o dethrone_v they_o advancing_z worse_z to_o that_o dignity_n in_o order_n to_o confirm_v his_o own_o government_n and_o to_o recover_v the_o sink_a state_n send_v for_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o his_o relief_n he_o be_v say_v ninnius_n
exeter_n and_o last_o of_o all_o to_o the_o crown_n but_o queen_n mary_n give_v this_o manor_n as_o our_o lawyer_n call_v it_o to_o thomas_n marrow_n who_o son_n sell_v it_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n 1_o as_o it_o be_v in_o domesday_n it_o have_v forty_o burgess_n within_o the_o burg_n and_o nine_o without_o henry_n 1._o endow_v it_o with_o many_o privilege_n and_o k._n john_n with_o more_o for_o a_o long_a time_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n and_o two_o bailiff_n but_o queen_n mary_n grant_v it_o a_o mayor_n two_o alderman_n and_o a_o common-council_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v merchant_n who_o drive_v a_o considerable_a trade_n with_o france_n and_o spain_n nor_o must_v i_o forget_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o two_o very_a learned_a man_n and_o most_o famous_a divine_n breed_v in_o this_o school_n jewel_n joh._n jewel_n john_n jewel_n bishop_n of_o salisbury_n harding_n th._n harding_n and_o thomas_n harding_n professor_n 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that_o title_n edesâ—â—_n title_n and_o by_o a_o precept_n to_o the_o high-sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n command_v he_o shall_v be_v so_o acknowledge_v '_o d._n reginald_n courtney_n be_v the_o first_o of_o this_o family_n that_o come_v into_o england_n bring_v hither_o by_o k._n henry_n the_o second_o and_o he_o advance_v with_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o barony_n of_o okehampton_n for_o that_o he_o procure_v the_o marriage_n between_o the_o say_a king_n and_o elinor_n heir_n of_o poictou_n and_o aquitam_n but_o whether_o he_o be_v branch_v from_o the_o house_n of_o courtney_n before_o it_o be_v match_v in_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o france_n or_o after_o which_o our_o monk_n affirm_v but_o du_fw-fr tillet_n keeper_n of_o the_o record_n of_o france_n doubt_v i_o may_v say_v somewhat_o in_o another_o place_n hol._n our_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o branch_n of_o that_o family_n which_o seat_v be_v self_n here_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o 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city_n rhutupium_n hard_a by_o the_o saxon_n tanet_n and_o tanetland_n and_o we_o tenet_n teneâ—_n teneâ—_n the_o soil_n be_v all_o a_o white_a chalk_n very_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n and_o grass_n it_o be_v in_o length_n 8_o mile_n and_o 4_o in_o breadth_n and_o be_v look_v upon_o former_o to_o have_v some_o six_o hundred_o maâ—â—_n hundred_o whâ—â—â—_n in_o 〈◊〉_d call_v hâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n câ—â—â—â—â—_n â—s_a 〈◊〉_d thâ—â—gâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d 100l_n 〈◊〉_d be_v in_o latin_a tâ—â—â—ly_n fâ—â—â—â—_n mâ—_n 〈◊〉_d maâ—â—_n family_n in_o it_o upon_o which_o account_n there_o be_v corrupt_o read_v in_o bede_n milliarium_fw-la sexcentorum_fw-la i.e._n 600_o mile_n instead_o of_o familiarum_fw-la sexcentarum_fw-la 600_o family_n as_o to_o what_o solinus_n observe_v that_o there_o be_v no_o snake_n in_o this_o island_n and_o that_o earth_n carry_v from_o hence_o kill_v they_o experience_n have_v discover_v it_o to_o be_v a_o error_n so_o that_o that_o etymology_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o 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montacute_n baron_n of_o wentworth_n etc._n etc._n be_v descend_v as_o also_o acton_n ireton_n acton_n ireton_n which_o give_v name_n to_o a_o knightly_a family_n who_o heiress_n be_v marry_v to_o sir_n nicholas_n pointz_n pointz_n pointz_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n 2._o leave_v it_o to_o her_o posterity_n derham_n a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o saxon_a deorham_n deorham_n deorham_n marianus_n marianus_n where_o ceaulin_n the_o saxon_a in_o a_o bloody_a engagement_n slay_v three_o of_o the_o british_a prince_n commeail_v condidan_n fariemeiol_n with_o divers_a other_o and_o so_o dispossess_v the_o britain_n of_o that_o part_n of_o their_o country_n for_o ever_o there_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v in_o that_o place_n huge_a rampire_n and_o trench_n as_o fortification_n of_o their_o camp_n and_o other_o most_o infallible_a sign_n of_o so_o great_a a_o war_n this_o be_v the_o barony_n of_o james_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la mercatu_fw-la novomercatu_a jacobus_n the_o novomercatu_a who_o 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berkleys_n hence_o call_v berkleys_n of_o duresly_n ruinous_a duresly_n who_o build_v
who_o thoke_v the_o great_a lord_n of_o these_o part_n give_v his_o only_a daughter_n in_o marriage_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v as_o probable_o fetch_v from_o ingol_n a_o little_a river_n which_o run_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v east_n of_o inglesthorp_n at_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n lie_v sharneburne_n sharneburne_n sharneburne_n whereof_o one_o thoke_n be_v lord_n when_o felix_n come_v to_o convert_v the_o east-angle_n upon_o his_o conversion_n to_o christianity_n he_o build_v here_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o s._n peter_n and_o s._n paul_n it_o be_v very_o little_a and_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n make_v of_o wood_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v call_v stock-chapel_n our_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o lord_n of_o this_o manor_n at_o the_o conquest_n recover_v his_o estate_n which_o have_v be_v give_v to_o warren_n by_o the_o conqueror_n in_o a_o legal_a trial_n his_o name_n be_v edwin_n a_o dane_n who_o come_v over_o with_o 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whereof_o express_a mention_n be_v make_v in_o the_o charter_n to_o be_v carry_v beâ—ore_o their_o mayor_n i_o find_v a_o loose_a paper_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n date_v sept._n 15._o 1630._o to_o this_o purpose_n that_o he_o be_v then_o assure_v by_o mr._n tho._n kenet_n town-clerk_n of_o len_n that_o one_o john_n cook_n the_o sword-bearer_n about_o 50_o year_n before_o come_v to_o mr._n ivory_n the_o schoolmaster_n and_o desire_v he_o because_o one_o side_n of_o the_o hilt_n of_o the_o town-sword_n be_v plain_a and_o without_o any_o inscription_n that_o he_o will_v direct_v how_o to_o engrave_v upon_o it_o that_o king_n john_n give_v that_o sword_n to_o the_o town_n whereupon_o he_o cause_v the_o say_a thomas_n kenet_n be_v then_o his_o scholar_n to_o write_v these_o word_n ensis_n hic_fw-la fuit_fw-la donum_fw-la regis_fw-la johannis_n à _fw-la svo_fw-la ipsius_fw-la latere_fw-la datum_fw-la after_o which_o the_o sword-bearer_n carry_v the_o write_n to_o one_o cook_n a_o goldsmith_n and_o cause_v he_o to_o engrave_v it_o so_o that_o by_o this_o account_n whatever_o inscription_n of_o that_o nature_n may_v be_v now_o upon_o it_o be_v of_o no_o authority_n it_o have_v at_o present_a a_o very_a large_a church_n with_o a_o high_a spire_n build_v by_o bishop_n herbert_n 〈◊〉_d herbert_n g_o dwan_n de_fw-fr praeâ—_n 〈◊〉_d who_o also_o build_v the_o cathedral_n at_o norwich_n with_o the_o church_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o elmham_n and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o penance_n after_o simony_n have_v be_v charge_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n the_o town_n have_v no_o freshwater_n spring_v but_o be_v supply_v partly_o by_o a_o river_n from_o gaywood_n the_o water_n whereof_o be_v raise_v by_o engine_n and_o from_o thence_o some_o conduit_n in_o the_o town_n be_v supply_v and_o partly_o by_o water_n convey_v in_o leaden_a pipe_n one_o from_o middleton_n about_o 3_o mile_n the_o other_o from_o mintlin_n about_o 2_o mile_n off_o w_n from_o len_n we_o must_v pass_v over_o the_o ouse_n into_o mershland_n mershâ—and_n mershâ—and_n which_o be_v a_o peninsula_n be_v almost_o surround_v with_o navigable_a river_n and_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o even_a superficies_n and_o other_o circumstance_n seem_v to_o argue_v its_o be_v former_o recover_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n in_o mr._n camden_n time_n it_o be_v so_o much_o expose_v to_o inundation_n that_o the_o best-contrived_a bank_n can_v scarce_o preserve_v it_o and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n tell_v we_o that_o within_o his_o memory_n there_o be_v two_o general_a overflow_n one_o of_o salt_n and_o the_o other_o of_o fresh_a water_n by_o the_o latter_a as_o appear_v upon_o oath_n take_v before_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o inspect_v that_o affair_n whereof_o sir_n henry_n be_v one_o the_o inhabitant_n suffer_v 42000_o pound_n damage_n for_o the_o water_n do_v not_o then_o break_v down_o the_o bank_n as_o at_o other_o time_n 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fruitful_a that_o though_o it_o be_v not_o any_o way_n above_o 2_o mile_n over_o yet_o it_o serve_v for_o pasture_n to_o all_o the_o large_a cattle_n belong_v to_o the_o 7_o village_n and_o for_o 30000_o sheep_n beside_o y_o leaving_n mershland_n and_o cross_v the_o ouse_n downham_n downhâ—m_n downhâ—m_n lie_v in_o our_o way_n so_o call_v from_o its_o hilly_a situation_n for_o dun_a signify_v a_o hill_n and_o ham_n a_o dwelling_n in_o some_o old_a record_n it_o be_v call_v downeham-hithe_a i.e._n downeham-port_n refer_v to_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o sâ—â—nds_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o market_n belong_v to_o this_o place_n be_v of_o very_o ancient_a date_n for_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n a_o little_a more_o northward_o be_v stow-bardolf_n bâ—rdolf_n stow_z bâ—rdolf_n where_o nicholas_n hare_n build_v a_o stately_a
from_o ely_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o april_n last_o 1694._o there_o be_v several_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n discover_v in_o plough_v the_o share_n of_o the_o plough_n lay_v hold_v of_o a_o thin_a plate_n of_o lead_n and_o bring_v up_o along_o with_o it_o several_a small_a ancient_a coin_n this_o lead_v they_o to_o a_o far_a search_n and_o upon_o one_o thrust_v his_o hand_n into_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v a_o light_n moorish_a soil_n he_o find_v three_o silver_n plate_n the_o two_o big_a be_v fasten_v with_o a_o round_a silver_n wire_n that_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o they_o and_o lock_v they_o together_o one_o of_o the_o plate_n have_v a_o inscription_n round_o it_o very_o slight_o and_o obscure_o engrave_v upon_o a_o sight_n of_o it_o i_o present_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v saxon_a by_o the_o two_o first_o word_n drihten_v drihten_v and_o several_a other_o though_o some_o of_o they_o i_o can_v not_o reduce_v to_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o that_o language_n nor_o fix_v any_o entire_a natural_a sense_n upon_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o find_v three_o twist_a ring_n and_o one_o plain_a which_o be_v bring_v out_o upon_o a_o poor_a woman_n finger_n as_o she_o thrust_v her_o hand_n into_o the_o earth_n to_o search_v and_o sell_v at_o a_o good_a price_n it_o lay_v very_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o loose_v in_o the_o mould_n as_o do_v also_o several_a small_a piece_n continuation_n of_o the_o earl_n next_o richard_n son_n to_o edmund_n langley_n duke_n of_o york_n the_o last_o earl_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n that_o title_n be_v confer_v upon_o james_n marquis_n of_o hamilton_n in_o the_o year_n 1619._o who_o be_v succeed_v by_o james_n his_o elder_a son_n and_o afterward_o by_o william_n his_o second_o son_n who_o receive_v a_o mortal_a wound_n at_o worcester-fight_a and_o die_v without_o issue-male_a survive_a so_o that_o the_o honour_n die_v with_o he_o after_o the_o restoration_n this_o title_n be_v confer_v upon_o charles_n stuart_n elder_a son_n to_o james_n then_o duke_n of_o york_n who_o be_v style_v duke_n of_o cambridge_n and_o afterward_o upon_o his_o three_o brother_n james_z edgar_z and_o charles_n who_o all_o die_v young_a more_o rare_a plant_n grow_v wild_a in_o cambridgeshire_n k._n acinos_fw-la anglicum_fw-la clus_o english_a stone-basil_n or_o common_a stone-basil_n for_o these_o differ_v only_o accidental_o in_o the_o plowed_a land_n on_o the_o border_n of_o gogmagog_n hill_n and_o newmarket_n heath_n s._n aloe_n palustris_fw-la c._n b._n i.e._n militaris_fw-la aizoide_v ger._n water_n sengreen_n or_o freshwater-souldier_n in_o the_o river_n and_o fen-ditche_n in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n as_o in_o the_o river_n and_o ditch_n near_o stretham-ferry_n and_o about_o audreycausey_n alsine_n tenuifolia_fw-la j._n b._n fine-leaved_n chickweed_n in_o the_o cornfield_n on_o the_o border_n of_o triplow-heath_n and_o elsewhere_o alysson_fw-la germanicum_n echioide_v lob._n aparine_n major_n ger._n german_n madwort_n or_o great_a goosegrass_n it_o once_o grow_v plentiful_o at_o newmarket_n vid._n cat._n cant._n but_o be_v a_o annual_a plant_n i_o hear_v it_o be_v now_o lose_v there_o possible_o it_o may_v agpear_v again_o hereafter_o k._n anagallis_n aquatica_fw-la rotundifolia_fw-la ger._n aquat_fw-la tertia_fw-la lob._n round-leaved_n water-pimpernel_n on_o teversham_n hinton_n and_o trumpington_n moor_n in_o the_o ditch_n and_o by_o the_o watercourse_n plentiful_o anagallis_n foemina_fw-la ger._n coeruleo_fw-la flore_fw-la c._n b._n park_n female_a or_o blue-flowered_a pimpernel_n in_o the_o corn_n on_o the_o left-hand_a of_o the_o way_n lead_v to_o histon_n a_o little_a beyond_o the_o first_o close_n aparine_fw-la minor_fw-la semine_fw-la laeviore_fw-la goosegrass_n with_o smooth_a seed_n very_o common_a among_o the_o corn_n especial_o in_o chalky_a ground_n q._n a_o aparine_n semine_fw-la laevi_fw-la park_n e._n argemone_n capitulo_fw-la longiore_fw-la glabro_fw-la moris_n long_o smooth-headed_n bastard-poppy_n in_o the_o corn_n ascyron_n supinum_fw-la villosum_fw-la palustre_n c._n b._n park_n marsh_n s._n peter_n wort_n with_o hoary_a leaf_n on_o the_o boggy_a ground_n near_o gamlingay_n auricula_fw-la muris_fw-la pulchro_fw-la flore_fw-la albo_fw-la j._n b._n caryophyllus_n holosteus_fw-la ger._n holosteus_fw-la arvensis_fw-la hirsutus_fw-la flore_fw-la majore_fw-la c._n b._n holosteus_fw-la arvensis_fw-la hirsutus_fw-la park_n long-leaved_n rough_a chickweed_n with_o a_o large_a flower_n on_o heath_n and_o dry_a bank_n among_o bush_n and_o in_o gravelly_a ground_n see_v cat._n cant._n bifolium_fw-la palustre_fw-it park_n marsh_n twayblade_n on_o the_o boggy_a and_o fenny_a ground_n near_o gamlingay_n camelina_fw-la ger._n camelina_fw-la sive_fw-la myagrum_fw-la alterum_fw-la amarum_fw-la park_n myagrum_fw-la siliqua_fw-la long_fw-mi c._n b._n myagro_n affinis_fw-la planta_fw-la siliquis_fw-la longis_fw-la j._n b._n cvi_fw-la &_o erysimum_fw-la galeni_fw-la &_o theophrasti_fw-la cenfetur_fw-la treacle-wormseed_n in_o the_o osier-holt_n about_o the_o bridge_n at_o ely_n abundant_o and_o in_o all_o the_o other_o osier-ground_n by_o the_o river_n side_n there_o carduus_fw-la acaulis_fw-la lob._n acaulis_fw-la septentrionalium_fw-la park_n ac_fw-la minore_fw-la purpureo_fw-la flore_fw-la c._n b._n ac_fw-la minor_fw-la purp_v flore_fw-la ger._n emac._o chamaeleon_n exignus_fw-la tragus_n j._n b._n dwarf_n carline-thistle_n upon_o the_o level_n near_o the_o new_a pest-house_n this_o occur_v in_o most_o county_n of_o england_n but_o not_o very_o common_a carduus_fw-la tomentosus_fw-la corona_n fratrum_fw-la dictus_fw-la park_n item_n c._n tomentosus_fw-la anglicus_n ejusdem_fw-la capite_fw-la tomentoso_fw-la j._n b._n eriocephalus_fw-la ger._n emac._o item_n globosus_fw-la capitulo_fw-la latiore_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la capite_fw-la rotundo_fw-la tomentoso_fw-la c._n b._n item_n tomentosus_fw-la capitulo_fw-la majore_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la woolly-headed_n thistle_n in_o many_o close_v about_o madingley_n childerley_n kingston_n etc._n etc._n caryophyllus_n minor_fw-la repens_fw-la nostras_fw-la a_o caryophyllus_n virgineus_n ger._n maiden_n pink_n on_o a_o little_a hill_n where_o furze_n grow_v next_o to_o juniper-hill_n near_o hildersham_n caucalis_fw-la arvensis_fw-la latifolia_fw-la echinata_fw-la c._n b._n item_n lato_n apii_fw-la folio_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la apii_fw-la foliis_fw-la flore_fw-la rubente_fw-la ger._n arvensis_fw-la latifolia_fw-la purpurea_fw-la park_n item_n anglica_n floor_z rubente_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la item_n major_a saturè_fw-la rubente_fw-la flore_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la lappula_fw-la canaria_fw-la latifolia_fw-la sive_fw-la caucalis_fw-la j._n b._n purple-flowered_a great_a bastard_n parsley_n among_o the_o corn_n in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o county_n as_o between_o cambridge_n and_o cherry-hinton_n and_o near_o the_o windmill_n in_o the_o way_n to_o comberton_n this_o be_v a_o beautiful_a plant_n and_o we_o have_v seldom_o find_v it_o in_o other_o county_n chondrilla_o viscosa_fw-la humilis_fw-la c._n b._n park_n ger._n emac._o lactuca_n sylvestris_fw-la laciniata_fw-la minima_fw-la cat._n cant._n the_o least_o cut-leaved_n wild_a lettuce_n in_o a_o bank_n by_o a_o little_a lane-side_n lead_v from_o london_n ride_v to_o the_o river_n a_o little_a beyond_o the_o spittle-house_n end_n at_o cambridge_n conyza_fw-la foliis_fw-la laciniatis_fw-la ger._n emac._o helenitis_n foliis_fw-la laciniatis_fw-la park_n aquatica_fw-la laciniata_fw-la c._n b._n great_a jagged_a fleabane_n in_o the_o fen-ditche_n about_o marsh_n and_o chatteresse_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n conyza_fw-la palustris_fw-la park_n palustris_fw-la serratifolia_fw-la c._n b._n virgae_fw-la aureae_fw-la sive_fw-la solidagini_fw-la angustifoliae_fw-la affinis_fw-la lingua_fw-la avis_fw-fr dalechampii_n j._n b._n marsh_n fleabane_n or_o birds-tongue_n in_o the_o fen-ditche_n and_o bank_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n but_o more_o rare_o convolvulus_fw-la arvensis_fw-la minimus_fw-la the_o lest_o bindweed_n among_o the_o corn_n between_o harleston_n and_o little_a eversden_n crocus_n j._n b._n sativus_fw-la c._n b._n true_a or_o manure_v saffron_n it_o be_v frequent_o plant_v and_o cultivate_v in_o this_o county_n see_v essex_n cyperus_n longus_fw-la inodorus_fw-la sylvestris_fw-la ger._n long_o inod_n vulgaris_fw-la park_n long_o inod_n sylv_n lobelio_n j._n b._n long_o inod_n germanicus_n c._n b._n long_a bastard_n cyperus_n in_o the_o watery_a place_n of_o hinton_n moor_n and_o in_o divers_a fen-ditche_n elaeagnus_fw-la cordi_fw-la lob._n rhus_n myrtifolia_fw-la belgica_n c._n b._n myrtus_fw-la brabantica_fw-la ger._n rhus_n sylv_v sive_fw-la myrtus_fw-la brabantica_fw-la aut_fw-la anglica_n park_n gale_n frutex_fw-la odoratus_fw-la septentrionalium_fw-la j._n b._n sweet-willow_n gaul_n dutch_a myrtle_n in_o the_o fen_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n in_o many_o place_n abundant_o this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v put_v among_o clothes_n to_o communicate_v a_o sweet_a scent_n to_o they_o enula_n campana_fw-la offic._n park_n helenium_fw-la ger._n vulgar_a c._n b._n helenium_fw-la sive_fw-la enula_n campana_fw-la j._n b._n in_o the_o pasture-field_n about_o madingley_n coton_n barton_n etc._n etc._n in_o great_a plenty_n elecampane_n it_o be_v common_a to_o many_o county_n equisetum_n palustre_fw-it ramosum_fw-la aquis_fw-la immersum_fw-la seu_fw-la millefolium_n aquaticum_fw-la equisetifolium_fw-la
the_o people_n tacitus_n tacitus_n tacitus_n imagine_v they_o to_o have_v come_v first_o from_o iberia_n upon_o account_n of_o their_o vultus_fw-la their_o colorati_fw-la vultus_fw-la ruddy_a complexion_n their_o curl_a hair_n and_o their_o situation_n over_o against_o spain_n but_o florianus_n del_fw-it campo_n a_o spaniard_n be_v very_o positive_a in_o that_o matter_n and_o take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o find_v the_o silures_n in_o spain_n and_o to_o obtrude_v upon_o we_o i_o know_v not_o what_o story_n about_o soloria_n and_o siloria_fw-la among_o the_o old_a astures_n however_o this_o country_n be_v very_o large_a for_o it_o seem_v probable_a from_o pliny_n and_o tacitus_n that_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o all_o south-wales_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v hardy_a stout_a warlike_a averse_a to_o servitude_n of_o great_a boldness_n and_o resolution_n term_v by_o the_o roman_n pervicacia_fw-la roman_n pervicacia_fw-la obstinacy_n and_o stubbornness_n not_o to_o be_v 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against_o they_o for_o where_o tacitus_n say_v fourteen_o tacit._n annal_n l._n fourteen_o illu_z modicis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la sylvas_fw-la populatum_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o he_o destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o wood_n with_o slight_a excursion_n instead_o of_o sylvas_fw-la with_o the_o learned_a lipsius_n only_o read_v siluras_n and_o all_o be_v right_a nor_o can_v a_o end_n be_v make_v of_o this_o war_n before_o vespasian_n reign_n for_o then_o julius_n frontinus_n subdue_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o quiet_a by_o garrison_n of_o the_o legion_n a_o certain_a countryman_n of_o we_o have_v wrest_v that_o verse_n of_o juvenal_n upon_o crispinus_n to_o these_o silures_n magnâ_fw-la qui_fw-la voce_fw-la solebat_fw-la vendere_fw-la municipes_fw-la fractâ_fw-la de_fw-la merce_v siluros_fw-la who_o with_o hideous_a cry_n bawl_v out_o his_o break_a sturgeon_n in_o the_o street_n as_o if_o some_o of_o our_o silures_n have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o expose_v to_o sale_n at_o rome_n but_o 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more_o excusable_a in_o the_o translation_n i_o have_v without_o favour_n or_o prejudice_n endeavour_v to_o retain_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o author_n but_o whereas_o i_o have_v sometime_o differ_v in_o write_v the_o welsh_a name_n of_o person_n and_o place_n i_o presume_v few_o reader_n will_v scruple_n to_o allow_v i_o that_o liberty_n nor_o can_v it_o derogate_v any_o thing_n from_o our_o excellent_a author_n character_n that_o a_o native_a of_o that_o country_n shall_v pretend_v to_o a_o more_o comprehensive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o british_a than_o himself_o however_o in_o this_o case_n as_o i_o have_v not_o whole_o write_v the_o welsh_a word_n according_a to_o the_o english_a custom_n so_o neither_o have_v i_o keep_v strict_o to_o the_o common_a method_n of_o write_v welsh_a but_o have_v use_v a_o more_o general_a alphabet_n whereby_o such_o as_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o that_o language_n will_v pronounce_v the_o word_n much_o true_a and_o they_o that_o understand_v it_o will_v
imp._n m_o aurelio_n antonino_n auc_n sever_n lucii_n filio_fw-la lec._n jiv_n vg_n p_o sic_fw-la together_o with_o these_o two_o fragment_n centurio_n centurio_n out_o centurio_n this_o be_v late_o in_o the_o school-wall_n at_o kaêr_n lheion_n but_o be_v now_o raze_v out_o †_o 7._o veciliana_n 977._o veciliana_n this_o be_v in_o the_o garden-wall_n at_o moin_n court_n but_o the_o first_o line_n viii_o and_o this_o character_n 7._o be_v not_o visible_a see_v rein_n syntag._n inscr_n pag._n 977._o viii_o 7._o valeria_n maxsimi_fw-la f_o here_o also_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n be_v a_o academy_n of_o 200_o philosopher_n who_o be_v skilled_a in_o astronomy_n and_o other_o science_n observe_v accurate_o the_o course_n of_o the_o star_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o alexander_n elsebiensis_n a_o very_a scarce_a author_n out_o of_o who_o much_o have_v be_v transcribe_v for_o my_o use_n by_o the_o learned_a thomas_n james_n james_n tho._n james_n of_o oxford_n who_o may_v deserve_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o one_o that_o be_v whole_o intent_n upon_o book_n and_o learning_n and_o be_v at_o present_a god_n prosper_v his_o endeavour_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o promote_a the_o public_a good_a busy_o employ_v in_o search_v the_o library_n of_o england_n on_o a_o design_n that_o be_v like_a to_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n 2._o when_o giraldus_n write_v this_o city_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o place_n of_o considerable_a strength_n for_o we_o find_v that_o yrwith_o of_o kaer_n lheion_n a_o courageous_a britain_n defend_v it_o a_o long_a time_n against_o the_o english_a force_n till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n he_o be_v dispossess_v of_o it_o but_o now_o a_o fair_a instance_n that_o city_n as_o well_o as_o man_n have_v their_o vicissitude_n and_o fortune_n that_o be_v become_v a_o inconsiderable_a small_a town_n which_o once_o be_v of_o so_o great_a extent_n on_o each_o side_n the_o river_n that_o they_o affirm_v st._n gilian_n the_o house_n of_o the_o honourable_a sir_n william_n herbert_n a_o person_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o wit_n and_o judgement_n than_o noble_a extraction_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o city_n and_o in_o that_o place_n the_o church_n of_o julius_n the_o martyr_n be_v say_v to_o have_v stand_v which_o be_v now_o about_o a_o mile_n out_o of_o the_o town_n from_o the_o ruin_n also_o of_o this_o city_n newport_n newport_n newport_n have_v its_o beginning_n seated_z a_o little_a low_o at_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n usk._n by_o giraldus_n it_o be_v call_v novus_n burgus_n it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o late_a foundation_n and_o of_o considerable_a note_n for_o a_o castle_n and_o a_o convenient_a harbour_n where_o there_o be_v former_o some_o military-way_n mention_v by_o necham_n in_o these_o verse_n intrat_fw-la &_o auget_fw-la aquas_fw-la sabrini_fw-la fluminis_fw-la osca_n praeceps_fw-la testis_fw-la erit_fw-la julia_n strata_fw-la mihi_fw-la increase_v with_o usk_n do_v severn_n rise_v as_o julia_n strata_n testify_v that_o this_o julia_n strata_n be_v a_o way_n we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v and_o if_o we_o may_v be_v free_a to_o conjecture_v it_o seem_v not_o absurd_a to_o suppose_v it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o julius_n frontinus_n who_o conquer_v the_o silures_n not_o far_o from_o this_o newburgh_n say_v giraldus_n there_o glide_v a_o small_a stream_n call_v nant_n pènkarn_v passable_a but_o at_o some_o certain_a ford_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o depth_n of_o its_o water_n as_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o deepness_n of_o the_o mud_n it_o have_v former_o a_o ford_n call_v rhÅ·d_v penkarn_v now_o of_o a_o long_a time_n discontinue_v henry_n 2._o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o chance_n pass_v this_o ford_n the_o welsh_a who_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o old_a prophecy_n be_v present_o discourage_v because_o their_o oracle_n merlinus_fw-la sylvester_n have_v foretell_v that_o whenever_o a_o strong_a prince_n with_o a_o freckle_a face_n such_o as_o king_n henry_n be_v shall_v pass_v that_o ford_n the_o british_a force_n shall_v be_v vanquish_v during_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n this_o county_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o mountain-welsh_a call_v by_o they_o dun-settan_a set_v dun_n set_v who_o be_v yet_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n at_o the_o first_o come_v in_o of_o the_o norman_n the_o lord_n marcher_n grievous_o plague_v and_o annoy_v they_o especial_o the_o abovementioned_a hamelin_n balun_n hugh_n lacie_n walter_n and_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n etc._n clare_n mile_n of_o gloucester_n robert_n chandos_n pain_n fitz-john_n richard_n fitz-punt_n and_o etc._n etc._n and_o brien_n of_o wallingford_n to_o who_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v all_o they_o can_v acquire_v in_o these_o part_n some_o of_o they_o reduce_v by_o degree_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o county_n which_o they_o call_v over-went_a and_o other_o the_o low_a land_n call_v netherwent_a parish_n in_o this_o county_n 127._o addition_n to_o monmouthshire_n asleep_o mynydh_n kader_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n be_v the_o name_n of_o many_o mountain_n in_o wales_n thus_o denominate_v as_o kader_n arthur_n kader_n verwin_n kader_n idris_n kader_n dhinmael_n kader_n your_o ychen_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o learned_a dr._n davies_n suppose_v to_o have_v be_v so_o call_v not_o from_o their_o resemblance_n to_o a_o kà dair_n or_o chair_n but_o because_o they_o have_v be_v either_o fortify_v place_n or_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o natural_o impregnable_a by_o such_o as_o first_o impose_v those_o name_n on_o they_o for_o the_o british_a kader_n as_o well_o as_o the_o irish_a word_n kathair_n signify_v ancient_o a_o fort_n or_o bulwark_n whence_o probable_o the_o modern_a word_n kaer_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n may_v be_v corrupt_v b_o lhan_n lhan_n lhan_n proper_o signify_v a_o yard_n or_o some_o small_a enclosure_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o compound_a word_n for_o we_o find_v a_o vineyard_n call_v gwinlhan_a a_o orchard_n per-lhan_a a_o hay-yard_n yd-lhan_a a_o churchyard_n korph-lhan_a a_o sheep-fold_n kor-lhan_a etc._n etc._n however_o as_o giraldus_n observe_v it_o denote_v separately_z a_o church_n or_o chapel_n and_o be_v of_o common_a use_n in_o that_o sense_n throughout_o all_o wales_n probable_o because_o such_o yard_n or_o enclosure_n may_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n or_o upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n when_o church_n be_v scarce_o c_o that_o this_o jeffrey_n of_o monmouth_n as_o well_o as_o most_o other_o writer_n of_o the_o monkish_a time_n abound_v with_o fable_n be_v not_o deny_v by_o such_o as_o contend_v for_o some_o authority_n to_o that_o history_n but_o that_o those_o fable_n be_v of_o his_o own_o invention_n seem_v too_o severe_a a_o censure_n of_o our_o author_n and_o scarce_o a_o just_a accusation_n since_o we_o find_v most_o or_o all_o of_o they_o in_o that_o british_a history_n he_o translate_v whereof_o a_o ancient_a copy_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o library_n of_o jesus-college_n at_o oxford_n which_o conclude_v to_o this_o effect_n walter_n archdeacon_n of_o oxford_n compose_v this_o book_n in_o latin_a out_o of_o british_a record_n which_o he_o afterward_o thus_o render_v into_o modern_a british_a we_o find_v also_o many_o of_o the_o same_o fable_n in_o ninnius_n who_o write_v his_o eulogium_fw-la britanniae_fw-la about_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o this_o galfridus_n arturius_n compose_v the_o british_a history_n as_o to_o the_o regard_n due_a to_o that_o history_n in_o general_n the_o judicious_a reader_n may_v consult_v dr._n powel_n epistle_n de_n britannica_fw-la historia_fw-la rectè_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la and_o dr._n davies_n preface_n to_o his_o british_a lexicon_n and_o balance_v they_o with_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o those_o that_o whole_o reject_v they_o near_a monmouth_n stand_v a_o noble_a house_n build_v by_o his_o grace_n henry_n duke_n of_o beaufort_n call_v troy_n the_o residence_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n charles_n marquis_n of_o worcester_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o monmouth_n settle_v upon_o he_o with_o other_o large_a possession_n in_o this_o county_n by_o the_o duke_n his_o father_n e_fw-la the_o english_a name_n of_o wentset_a etc._n wentseâ—_n etc._n etc._n and_o wents_a land_n have_v their_o origin_n from_o the_o british_a word_n ggo_v whereby_o almost_o all_o this_o country_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o herefordshire_n be_v call_v till_o wales_n be_v divide_v into_o county_n but_o it_o seem_v questionable_a whether_o that_o name_n ggo_v be_v owe_v to_o the_o city_n venta_n or_o whether_o the_o roman_n may_v not_o call_v this_o city_n venta_n silurum_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o iceni_n and_o that_o other_o of_o the_o belgae_n
illustration_n of_o roman_a author_n as_o well_o as_o their_o coin_n statue_n altar_n etc._n etc._n that_o whereof_o i_o have_v give_v a_o figure_n represent_v to_o we_o first_o as_o a_o emblem_n of_o piety_n the_o celebrate_a history_n of_o the_o woman_n at_o rome_n who_o be_v deny_v the_o liberty_n of_o relieve_v her_o father_n in_o prison_n with_o any_o food_n yet_o obtain_v free_a access_n to_o he_o feed_v he_o with_o the_o milk_n of_o she_o own_o breast_n i_o be_o sensible_a that_o in_o pliny_n 36._o pliny_n hist_o nat._n l._n 7._o c._n 36._o and_o most_o print_a copy_n of_o such_o author_n as_o mention_v this_o history_n we_o be_v inform_v she_o exercise_v this_o piety_n to_o her_o mother_n but_o this_o figure_n though_o it_o be_v somewhat_o obscure_a seem_v to_o represent_v a_o beard_a man_n however_o whether_o i_o mistake_v the_o figure_n or_o whether_o we_o may_v read_v with_o festus_n patre_fw-la not_o master_n carcere_fw-la incluso_fw-la or_o rather_o suppose_v the_o tradition_n erroneous_a in_o some_o province_n at_o least_o among_o the_o vulgar_a roman_n that_o the_o same_o history_n be_v hereby_o intend_v be_v sufficient_o evident_a in_o the_o second_o place_n we_o find_v a_o auspex_fw-la or_o soothsayer_n look_v upward_o to_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o bird_n or_o rather_o perhaps_o a_o cupid_n according_a to_o the_o potter_n fancy_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o soothsayer_n and_o in_o the_o three_o a_o woman_n sacrifice_v with_o vervain_n and_o frankincense_n for_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o the_o plant_n on_o the_o altar_n be_v no_o other_o than_o vervein_n and_o that_o the_o woman_n reach_v her_o hand_n towards_o the_o altar_n be_v cast_v frankincense_n on_o the_o vervein_n seem_v very_o probable_a for_o we_o find_v that_o woman_n a_o little_a before_o their_o time_n of_o lie_v in_o sacrifice_v to_o lucina_n with_o vervein_n and_o frankincense_n thus_o the_o harlot_n phronesium_n in_o plautus_n trucul_fw-la act_n 2._o scen._n 5._o pretend_v she_o be_v to_o lie_v in_o bidâ—_n her_o maid_n provide_v her_o sweetmeat_n oil_n of_o cinnamon_n myrrh_n and_o vervein_n date_fw-la mihi_fw-la huc_fw-la stactam_fw-la atque_fw-la ignem_fw-la in_o aram_fw-la ut_fw-la venerem_fw-la lucinam_fw-la meam_fw-la hic_fw-la apponite_fw-la atque_fw-la abite_fw-la ab_fw-la oculis_fw-la ubi_fw-la es_fw-la astaphium_n fer_fw-fr huc_fw-la verbenam_fw-la mihi_fw-la thus_o &_o bellaria_fw-la we_o may_v also_o collect_v out_o of_o virgil_n 6._o virgil_n eâ—â—â—_n l._n ver_fw-la 6._o that_o woman_n sacrifice_v with_o vervein_n and_o frankincense_n upon_o other_o occasion_n effer_fw-la aquam_fw-la &_o molli_fw-la cinge_fw-la haec_fw-la altaria_fw-la vitta_fw-la verbenasque_fw-la adole_fw-la pingues_fw-la &_o mascula_fw-la thura_fw-la conjugis_fw-la ut_fw-la magicis_fw-la sanos_fw-la avertere_fw-la sacris_fw-la experiar_fw-la sensus_fw-la as_o for_o the_o naked_a person_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o altar_n i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v her_o husband_n or_o who_o else_o be_v intend_v thereby_o in_o regard_n we_o find_v the_o other_o figure_v repeat_v alternate_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o other_o delineation_n on_o the_o whole_a vessel_n than_o what_o this_o piece_n include_v within_o the_o crack_n which_o be_v all_o i_o have_v of_o it_o represent_v by_o the_o figure_n on_o this_o vessel_n we_o may_v conjecture_v it_o be_v a_o bowl_n use_v in_o those_o feast_n they_o call_v matronalia_fw-la observe_v on_o the_o kalend_n of_o march_n when_o the_o marry_a woman_n sacrifice_v to_o juno_n for_o their_o happy_a delivery_n in_o childbirth_n the_o preservation_n of_o their_o husband_n and_o the_o continuance_n of_o their_o mutual_a affection_n and_o from_o its_o form_n i_o shall_v guess_v it_o be_v that_o sort_n of_o vessel_n they_o call_v phiala_n because_o in_o welsh_a the_o only_a name_n we_o have_v for_o such_o vessel_n be_v phîol_n which_o be_v doubtless_o of_o the_o same_o origin_n with_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a phiala_n and_o be_v very_o probable_o one_o of_o those_o many_o word_n leave_v among_o we_o by_o the_o roman_n which_o we_o may_v presume_v to_o be_v still_o preserve_v in_o the_o sense_n they_o use_v they_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v two_o other_o curiosity_n find_v here_o and_o detain_v the_o reader_n no_o long_o in_o this_o county_n the_o first_o be_v a_o ram_n horn_n of_o brass_n much_o of_o the_o bigness_n and_o form_n of_o a_o lesser_a ram_n horn_n break_v off_o at_o the_o root_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v former_o unite_v to_o a_o brass_n head_n one_o of_o these_o head_n and_o horn_n though_o somewhat_o different_a from_o we_o may_v be_v see_v in_o lodovico_n moscardo_n musaeum_fw-la pag._n 83._o who_o suppose_v such_o head_n of_o ram_n and_o ox_n to_o have_v serve_v at_o once_o both_o as_o ornament_n in_o their_o temple_n and_o also_o religious_a type_n of_o sacrifice_n the_o other_o be_v a_o very_a elegant_a and_o a_o entire_a fibula_fw-la vestiaria_fw-la whereof_o because_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o give_v a_o intelligible_a description_n of_o it_o waâ—â—â—_n it_o see_v at_o tâ—_n end_v of_o waâ—â—â—_n i_o have_v give_v 2_o figure_n one_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o express_v it_o it_o be_v of_o brass_n and_o be_v curious_o chequer_a on_o the_o back_n part_n with_o enamel_n of_o red_a and_o blue_a it_o shall_v seem_v that_o when_o they_o use_v it_o the_o ring_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n be_v draw_v down_o over_o the_o acus_fw-la or_o pin_n and_o that_o a_o thread_n or_o small_a string_n tie_v through_o the_o ring_n and_o about_o the_o notch_n at_o bottom_n secure_v the_o acus_fw-la in_o its_o proper_a place_n such_o a_o fibula_fw-la in_o all_o respect_n but_o that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o less_o be_v find_v a_o 1691._o near_o king_n cotte_n in_o glocestershire_n where_o they_o also_o frequent_o meet_v with_o roman_a brass_n coin_v which_o they_o call_v chesle-money_n a_o name_n probable_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o castle_n or_o chester-money_n they_o that_o will_v be_v far_o satisfy_v of_o the_o various_a form_n and_o matter_n of_o these_o roman_a fibulae_fw-la and_o the_o several_a use_n they_o be_v apply_v to_o may_v consult_v among_o other_o author_n the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a joannes_n rhodius_n de_fw-fr acia_fw-la and_o smetius_n antiquitates_fw-la neomagenses_n in_o the_o first_o of_o charles_n 1_o robert_n lord_n carey_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o monmouth_n monmouth_n earl_n and_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o henry_n of_o the_o same_o name_n an._n 15_o car._n 2._o james_n fitz-roy_a among_o other_o honour_n be_v create_v duke_n of_o monmouth_n and_o at_o present_a the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n mordant_n take_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n from_o this_o place_n glamorganshire_n the_o far_a county_n of_o the_o silures_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o we_o call_v glamorganshire_n 〈…〉_o gâ—â—â—â—â—gan_n 〈…〉_o the_o britain_n morgà nwg_n gwlâd_n morgan_n and_o gwlâd_v vorgà nwg_n which_o signify_v the_o county_n of_o morganwg_n and_o be_v so_o call_v as_o most_o imagine_v from_o morgan_n a_o prince_n or_o as_o other_o suppose_v from_o a_o abbey_n of_o that_o name_n but_o if_o i_o shall_v deduce_v it_o from_o the_o british_a môr_n which_o signify_v the_o sea_n i_o know_v not_o for_o certain_a whether_o i_o shall_v deviate_v from_o the_o truth_n however_o i_o have_v observe_v that_o maritime_a town_n of_o armorica_n we_o call_v now_o morlais_n to_o have_v be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o anciant_fw-la gaul_n vorganium_n or_o morganium_fw-la for_o the_o letter_n m_n and_o five_o be_v often_o counterchange_v in_o this_o language_n and_o whence_o shall_v we_o suppose_v it_o thus_o denominate_v but_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o our_o morgà nwg_n be_v also_o altogether_o maritime_a be_v a_o long_a narrow_a country_n whole_o wash_v on_o the_o southside_n by_o the_o severn_n sea_n as_o for_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v border_v on_o the_o east_n with_o monmouthshire_n on_o the_o north_n with_o brecknock_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o kaermardhinshire_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v very_o rugged_a with_o mountain_n which_o incline_v towards_o the_o south_n become_v by_o degree_n more_o tillable_n at_o the_o root_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o spacious_a vale_fw-la or_o plain_a open_a to_o the_o south-sun_n a_o situation_n which_o cato_n prefer_v to_o all_o other_o and_o for_o which_o pliny_n do_v so_o much_o commend_v italy_n for_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v exceed_o pleasant_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o number_n of_o town_n and_o village_n â—â—â—â—â—te_n â—â—â—â—â—nâ—â—ct_a tâ—_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—â—â—â—te_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n jestin_n ap_fw-mi gwrgant_n lord_n of_o this_o country_n have_v revolt_v from_o his_o natural_a prince_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi tewdwr_n and_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o maintain_v his_o rebellion_n very_o unadvised_o which_o he_o too_o late_o repent_v call_v to_o his_o assistance_n
idris_n be_v probable_o one_o of_o the_o high_a mountain_n in_o britain_n and_o which_o be_v one_o certain_a argument_n of_o its_o height_n it_o afford_v some_o variety_n of_o alpine_a plant_n but_o for_o mountain_n so_o high_a and_o their_o top_n notwithstanding_o so_o near_o that_o man_n may_v converse_v from_o they_o and_o yet_o scarce_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o whole_a day_n i_o presume_v there_o be_v none_o such_o in_o nature_n and_o be_o certain_a there_o be_v not_o any_o in_o wales_n but_o man_n converse_v from_o their_o top_n may_v meet_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n b_o dôl_v gelhe_v or_o dôl_v gelhen_o be_v so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n in_o a_o woody_a vale_n for_o that_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n the_o word_n dôl_v be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o the_o english_a dale_n so_o common_a in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o â—yleâ—um_o â—d_a est_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d kylh_n â—yleâ—um_o kelhe_n in_o the_o southern_a dialect_n kelhi_n signify_v strict_o a_o wood_n where_o much_o hazel_n grow_v and_o sometime_o use_v for_o any_o other_o wood_n though_o at_o present_a there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o wood_n about_o this_o town_n as_o be_v former_o what_o antiquity_n this_o place_n be_v of_o or_o whether_o of_o any_o note_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v uncertain_a however_o some_o of_o their_o coin_v have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n dig_v up_o near_o a_o well_o call_v fynon_n vair_n within_o a_o bow-shot_a of_o the_o town_n then_o whereof_o be_v send_v i_o by_o the_o reverend_a mr._n maurice_n jones_n the_o present_a rector_n which_o be_v fair_a silver_n piece_n of_o trajan_n and_o hadrian_n viz._n ms._n imperaâ—i_fw-la trajaâ—_n augusto_fw-la â—amâ—co_fw-la â—ciâ—â—_n â—â—â—ci_fw-la 〈◊〉_d â—iâ—â—â—citia_fw-la â—estate_fw-la â—fâ—li_fw-la â—tri_fw-la paâ—a_fw-la senaâ—_n populusâ—â—_n romaâ—_n optimo_fw-la â—â—ipi_fw-la â—_o rob_v â—â—gh_a ms._n 1._o imp._n traiano_n aug._n gerard_n dac_n p._n m._n tr._n p._n cos._n v._o p._n p._n s._n p._n q._n r._n optimo_fw-la princ_n trophaeum_fw-la de_fw-la dacis_fw-la 2._o imp._n caesar_n traian_n hadrianus_n aug._n p._n m._n tr._n p._n cos._n iii_o mars_n gradivus_n cum_fw-la hasta_fw-la &_o spoliis_fw-la c_o this_o place_n in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v denominate_v as_o our_o author_n suppose_v from_o its_o situation_n on_o a_o rock_n though_o it_o be_v never_o call_v arlech_n but_o harlech_n '_o it_o be_v once_o call_v tŵr_n bronwen_n and_o afterward_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o kaer_n kolhwyn_n from_o kolhwyn_n ap_fw-mi tagno_fw-la who_o live_v there_o in_o the_o time_n of_o prince_n anarawd_n about_o the_o year_n 877._o and_o be_v lord_n of_o ardudwy_n and_o evionydh_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lhÅ·n_n which_o country_n be_v yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n possess_v by_o his_o posterity_n his_o arm_n be_v sable_n a_o cheveron_n arg_fw-mi betwixt_o three_o flower-de-luce_n '_o notwithstanding_o that_o harlech_n may_v receive_v this_o name_n of_o kaer_n kolhwyn_n from_o kolhwyn_n ap_fw-mi tagno_fw-la yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o this_o place_n or_o some_o other_o near_o it_o be_v call_v kaer_n before_o his_o time_n for_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o some_o person_n yet_o live_v several_a roman_a coin_n have_v be_v find_v hereabout_o and_o that_o the_o britain_n prefix_v the_o word_n kaer_n to_o most_o place_n fortify_v by_o the_o roman_n be_v well_o know_v to_o all_o antiquary_n in_o the_o year_n 1692._o a_o ancient_a golden_a torques_fw-la be_v dig_v up_o in_o a_o garden_n somewhere_o near_o this_o castle_n of_o harlech_n it_o be_v a_o wreathe_v bar_n of_o gold_n or_o rather_o perhaps_o three_o or_o four_o rod_n joint_o twist_v about_o four_o foot_n long_o flexil_n but_o bend_v natural_o only_a one_o way_n in_o form_n of_o a_o hatband_n hook_v at_o both_o end_n exact_o that_o i_o may_v describe_v it_o intelligible_o though_o in_o vulgar_a term_n like_o a_o pair_n of_o pot-hook_n but_o these_o hook_n be_v not_o twist_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rod_n nor_o be_v their_o end_n sharp_a but_o plain_a and_o as_o it_o be_v cut_v even_o it_o be_v of_o a_o round_a form_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o circumference_n weigh_v eight_o ounce_n and_o be_v all_o over_o so_o plain_a that_o it_o need_v no_o far_a description_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a roman_a author_n always_o intend_v a_o ornament_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o the_o word_n torques_fw-la see_v it_o be_v derive_v from_o torqueo_fw-la and_o not_o a_o chain_n compose_v of_o link_n or_o annulet_n as_o our_o grammarian_n common_o interpret_v it_o and_o as_o joannes_n schefferus_n suppose_v who_o in_o his_o learned_a and_o curious_a dissertation_n de_fw-fr torquibus_fw-la tell_v we_o torques_fw-la erant_fw-la mobiles_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la annulis_fw-la circuli_fw-la solidi_fw-la &_o retundi_fw-la monilia_fw-la paulo_fw-la latiora_fw-la etc._n etc._n moreover_o the_o british_a word_n torch_n which_o be_v doubtless_o of_o the_o same_o origin_n as_o well_o as_o signification_n with_o the_o latin_a torques_fw-la be_v never_o use_v for_o a_o chain_n but_o general_o for_o a_o wreath_n and_o sometime_o though_o in_o a_o less_o strict_a sense_n for_o any_o collar_n or_o large_a ring_n our_o word_n for_o a_o chain_n be_v kadwen_n which_o agree_v also_o with_o the_o latin_n whether_o the_o torques_fw-la here_o describe_v be_v british_n or_o roman_a seem_v a_o question_n not_o easy_o decide_v see_v we_o find_v that_o ancient_o must_v nation_n we_o have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o use_v this_o kind_n of_o ornament_n and_o particular_o that_o the_o britain_n have_v golden_a torques_n we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o dio_n cassius_n 62._o cassius_n hist_o rom._n lib._n 62._o who_o in_o his_o description_n of_o boadicea_n or_o bunduica_n queen_n of_o the_o iceni_n in_o the_o time_n of_o nero_n tell_v we_o she_o wear_v a_o large_a golden_a torques_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o her_o garment_n be_v of_o divers_a colour_n etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o though_o she_o wear_v such_o a_o ornament_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o britain_n only_a since_o the_o roman_a conquest_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o this_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o author_n but_o that_o he_o thus_o describe_v she_o for_o the_o strangeness_n of_o her_o habit_n add_v that_o her_o yellow_a hair_n hang_v loose_a and_o reach_v down_o to_o her_o hip_n etc._n etc._n a_o far_a confirmation_n that_o the_o britain_n use_v golden_a torque_n be_v that_o they_o be_v so_o common_a among_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o probable_o their_o progenitor_n the_o gaul_n for_o livy_n 40._o livy_n lib._n 36._o c._n 40._o tell_v we_o that_o publius_n cornelius_n when_o he_o triumph_v over_o the_o boii_n produce_v among_o other_o spoil_n 1470_o golden_a torque_n and_o britomarus_n a_o commander_n among_o the_o gaul_n who_o mr._n camden_n presume_v to_o have_v be_v a_o britain_n wear_v such_o a_o ornament_n as_o we_o find_v in_o 4._o in_o lib._n 4._o propertius_n vasti_fw-la parma_fw-la relata_fw-la ducis_fw-la virdomari_fw-la illi_fw-la virgatis_fw-la jaculantis_fw-la ab_fw-la agmine_fw-la brachis_fw-la torquis_fw-la ab_fw-la incisa_fw-la decidit_fw-la unca_fw-la gula_fw-la if_o any_o shall_v urge_v far_o notwithstanding_o this_o authority_n of_o dio_n cassius_n which_o wiâ—h_v i_o be_v sufficient_a that_o see_a there_o be_v no_o british_a name_n for_o this_o ornament_n the_o common_a word_n torch_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a torquis_fw-la it_o shall_v follow_v the_o britain_n know_v no_o such_o thing_n i_o answer_v though_o we_o need_v not_o much_o insist_v on_o that_o objection_n that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v very_o suspicious_a the_o word_n be_v celtic_a before_o it_o be_v roman_n for_o though_o i_o acknowledge_v it_o derive_v from_o torqueo_fw-la yet_o we_o have_v also_o the_o verb_n torchi_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o british_a word_n torch_n and_o torchi_n be_v in_o all_o appearance_n derive_v from_o the_o common_a word_n troi_n i.e._n to_o turn_v and_o also_o that_o grammarian_n know_v not_o well_o whence_o to_o derive_v torqueo_fw-la i_o know_v not_o but_o we_o may_v find_v the_o origin_n of_o it_o in_o the_o british_a torch_n nor_o ought_v any_o one_o to_o think_v it_o absurd_a that_o i_o thus_o endeavour_v to_o derive_v latin_a word_n from_o the_o welsh_a see_v there_o be_v hundred_o of_o word_n in_o that_o language_n that_o agree_v in_o sound_n and_o signification_n with_o the_o latin_a which_o yet_o can_v not_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o the_o irish_a retain_v the_o same_o who_o must_v have_v be_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o britain_n long_o before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n and_o also_o that_o the_o welsh_a or_o british_a be_v one_o dialect_n of_o the_o old_a celtic_a whence_o as_o the_o best_a critic_n allow_v loch_n hib._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d loé_fw-fr tir_v
794._o vaugh._n ms._n c_o the_o water_n of_o holywell_n break_v forth_o with_o such_o a_o rapid_a stream_n that_o some_o ingenious_a person_n have_v suspect_v it_o to_o be_v rather_o a_o subterraneous_a rivulet_n which_o the_o miner_n may_v have_v turn_v to_o that_o channel_n than_o a_o spring_n it_o be_v their_o common_a practice_n when_o they_o meet_v with_o underground_o current_n in_o their_o work_n to_o divert_v they_o to_o some_o swallow_n and_o this_o suspicion_n they_o confirm_v with_o a_o observation_n that_o after_o much_o rain_n the_o water_n often_o appear_v muddy_a and_o sometime_o of_o a_o bluish_a colour_n as_o if_o it_o have_v wash_v some_o lead-mine_a or_o proceed_v from_o tobacco-pipe_n clay_n add_v far_a that_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v happen_v since_o the_o time_n of_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o so_o noble_a a_o fountain_n will_v have_v escape_v his_o observation_n have_v it_o then_o exi_v but_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o giraldus_n may_v neglect_v the_o take_a notice_n of_o so_o extraordinary_a a_o current_n yet_o we_o have_v good_a ground_n to_o assent_v to_o dr._n powel_n opinion_n that_o it_o be_v not_o frequent_v by_o pilgrim_n at_o that_o time_n nor_o at_o all_o celebrate_v for_o miraculous_a cure_n or_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n beuno_n and_o winifrid_n who_o yet_o live_v above_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o 1._o before_o d._n poveli_a not._n ad_fw-la giraldi_n camb._n itin._n cambriae_n l._n 11._o c._n 1._o for_o see_v we_o find_v that_o author_n throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o journey_n be_v particular_o curious_a and_o inquisitive_a about_o miraculous_a fountain_n stone_n bell_n chain_n etc._n etc._n we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o presume_v have_v this_o place_n be_v note_v at_o that_o 〈…〉_o for_o winifrid_n be_v restore_v to_o life_n by_o st._n bâ—uno_n and_o the_o miraculous_a origin_n of_o the_o fountain_n thereupon_o or_o for_o any_o sovereign_a virtue_n of_o the_o water_n in_o heal_a disease_n but_o he_o will_v take_v care_n to_o deliver_v some_o account_n of_o it_o to_o posterity_n especial_o consider_v that_o he_o lodge_v one_o night_n at_o basingwerk_n within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o this_o place_n from_o hence_o dr._n powel_n very_o rational_o infer_v that_o the_o monk_n of_o basingwerk_n who_o be_v found_v above_o one_o hundred_o year_n after_o be_v for_o their_o own_o private_a end_n the_o first_o broacher_n of_o these_o fabulous_a miracle_n for_o say_v he_o before_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o abbey_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1312._o no_o writer_n ever_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o romantic_a origin_n and_o miracle_n of_o this_o fountain_n but_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o his_o own_o word_n more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o place_n abovecited_a be_v for_o my_o own_o part_n of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v such_o frivolous_a superstition_n be_v too_o much_o honour_v when_o we_o use_v argument_n to_o confute_v they_o of_o this_o st._n beuno_n who_o be_v founder_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o klynog_n vawr_n in_o caernarvonshire_n as_o also_o of_o ennian_a who_o build_v the_o church_n of_o lhan_n ennian_a vrenin_n in_o the_o same_o country_n i_o find_v some_o account_n in_o mr._n vaughan_n annotation_n on_o the_o history_n of_o wales_n which_o though_o not_o so_o pertinent_a to_o this_o place_n i_o shall_v add_v here_o however_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o least_o occasion_n of_o publish_v any_o note_n of_o a_o author_n so_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o antiquity_n of_o his_o country_n st._n beuno_n to_o who_o the_o abbey_n of_o clynog_n be_v dedicate_v history_n vâ—nghan's_n mss._n note_n on_o dr._n powel_n history_n be_v the_o son_n of_o hywgi_n ap_fw-mi gwynlliw_n ap_fw-mi glywis_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tegid_a ap_fw-mi cadell_n a_o prince_n or_o lord_n of_o glewisig_n brother_n son_n to_o st._n cadoc_n ap_fw-mi gwynlliw_n sometime_o bishop_n of_o beneventum_n in_o italy_n he_o be_v by_o the_o mother_n side_n cousin_n german_n to_o laudatus_fw-la the_o first_o abbot_n of_o enlli_n in_o english_a bardsey_n and_o to_o kentigern_n bishop_n of_o glasco_n in_o scotland_n and_o of_o llan_n elwy_n in_o wales_n the_o say_v kentigern_n father_n be_v owen_n regent_n of_o scotland_n and_o son_n of_o urien_n king_n of_o cumbria_n beuno_n have_v raise_v to_o life_n as_o the_o tradition_n go_v s._n winifrid_n who_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o one_o c'radoc_n a_o lord_n in_o north-wales_n because_o she_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o his_o unchaste_a desire_n be_v much_o respect_v by_o king_n cadvan_n who_o give_v he_o land_n whereon_o to_o build_v a_o monastery_n cadwallon_n cadvan_n son_n bestow_v also_o other_o land_n on_o he_o call_v gwareddog_n where_o have_v begin_v to_o build_v a_o church_n a_o woman_n come_v to_o he_o with_o a_o child_n in_o her_o arm_n and_o tell_v he_o those_o land_n be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o that_o infant_n whereat_o beuno_n be_v much_o concern_v give_v order_n she_o shall_v follow_v he_o to_o caer_n seiont_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n segontium_n and_o now_o caernarvon_n where_o king_n cadwallon_n reside_v when_o he_o come_v before_o the_o king_n he_o tell_v he_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o zeal_n he_o have_v do_v ill_o to_o devote_v to_o god_n service_n such_o land_n as_o be_v not_o his_o own_o lawful_a possession_n and_o demand_v he_o will_v return_v a_o golden_a sceptre_n he_o have_v give_v he_o as_o a_o consideration_n for_o the_o say_a land_n which_o when_o the_o king_n refuse_v he_o be_v excommunicate_v by_o he_o beuno_n have_v pronounce_v his_o sentence_n against_o he_o depart_v but_o gwyddaint_n who_o be_v cousin_n german_a to_o this_o prince_n cadwellon_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o have_v happen_v follow_v after_o he_o and_o overtake_v he_o give_v he_o for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o own_o soul_n and_o the_o king_n the_o township_n of_o clynnoc_n vawr_n which_o be_v his_o undoubted_a inheritance_n where_o beuno_n build_v a_o church_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 616._o about_o which_o time_n cadvan_n die_v leave_v his_o son_n cadwallon_n to_o succeed_v he_o some_o tell_v we_o beuno_n restore_v st._n winifrid_n to_o life_n in_o the_o year_n 644._o but_o whatever_o we_o may_v think_v of_o the_o miracle_n that_o time_n be_v not_o reconcileable_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o history_n not_o long_o before_o this_o time_n eneon_n bhrenin_n or_o anianus_n rex_fw-la scotorum_fw-la a_o prince_n in_o the_o north_n of_o britain_n leave_v his_o royalty_n come_v to_o llÅ·n_v in_o gwynedd_n where_o he_o build_v a_o church_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v from_o he_o llan_n eingan_n bhrenin_n where_o he_o spend_v in_o god_n service_n the_o remainder_n of_o his_o day_n king_n eneon_n be_v the_o son_n of_o owen_n danwyn_n ap_fw-mi eneon_n yrth_n ap_fw-mi cunedha_n wledig_v king_n of_o cambria_n and_o a_o great_a prince_n in_o the_o north._n he_o be_v cousin_n german_a to_o maelgwn_n gwynedh_n king_n of_o britain_n who_o father_n be_v caswallon_n law-hîr_a brother_n to_o owen_n danwyn_n the_o say_v maelgwn_a die_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 586._o medif_a daughter_n to_o voylda_n ap_fw-mi talw_n traw_n of_o nan-conwy_a be_v maelgon_n mother_n etc._n etc._n do_v concern_v fynnon_n leinw_n or_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v well_o mention_v by_o our_o author_n to_o be_v near_o kilken_a a_o worthy_a gentleman_n i_o consult_v on_o this_o occasion_n inform_v i_o that_o it_o be_v indeed_o in_o the_o parish_n of_o kilken_a but_o nothing_o near_o kilken-church_n or_o the_o â—iver_n alen_n and_o that_o it_o neither_o ebb_v nor_o flow_v at_o present_a though_o the_o general_a report_n be_v that_o it_o do_v so_o former_o but_o whereas_o dr._n powel_n who_o our_o author_n and_o other_o seem_v to_o have_v follow_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v the_o fountain_n to_o which_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la ascribe_v that_o quality_n he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n suspect_v rather_o that_o giraldus_n mean_v fynnon_n assav_n a_o noble_a spring_n to_o which_o they_o also_o attribute_v the_o same_o phaenomenon_n â—_o phaenomenon_n gâ—â—_n g._n 〈◊〉_d br_n 〈◊〉_d c._n â—_o but_o see_v that_o author_n though_o a_o learned_a and_o very_a curious_a person_n for_o the_o time_n he_o live_v be_v often_o either_o erroneous_a or_o less_o accurate_a in_o his_o physiological_a observation_n it_o be_v but_o seldom_o worth_a our_o while_n to_o dispute_v his_o meaning_n on_o such_o occasion_n e_fw-la the_o present_a name_n of_o mould_n i_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o abbreviation_n of_o the_o norman_a monthault_a and_o that_o no_o other_o than_o a_o translation_n of_o the_o british_a name_n gwydhgrig_n which_o signify_v a_o conspicuous_a mount_n or_o barrow_n for_o though_o the_o word_n gwydh_fw-mi be_v not_o use_v in_o that_o sense_n at_o present_a yet_o that_o it_o be_v so_o ancient_o be_v manifest_v from_o some_o name_n of_o place_n the_o high_a
famous_a in_o the_o last_o age_n for_o the_o death_n of_o justinian_n a_o holy_a man_n who_o in_o that_o fruitful_a age_n of_o saint_n retire_v hither_o out_o of_o bretagne_n in_o france_n and_o devote_a himself_o whole_o to_o god_n in_o a_o hermit_n course_n of_o life_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v by_o a_o servant_n and_o canonize_v for_o a_o martyr_n in_o the_o history_n of_o his_o life_n this_o island_n be_v often_o call_v insula_n lemenia_n which_o word_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o limen_n as_o the_o britain_n call_v it_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o absurdity_n who_o will_v have_v the_o island_n next_o above_o it_o to_o be_v ptolemy_n limnos_n call_v at_o present_a by_o the_o welsh_a enh_o and_o by_o the_o english_a berdsey_n berdsey_n berdsey_n that_o be_v a_o island_n of_o bird_n one_o will_v think_v from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n that_o this_o be_v that_o which_o ptolemy_n call_v edri_n edri_n edri_n and_o pliny_n andros_n or_o adros_n as_o some_o copy_n have_v it_o for_o ader_n among_o the_o britain_n signify_v a_o bird_n and_o so_o the_o english_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n have_v afterward_o call_v it_o berdsey_n the_o name_n enh_o be_v more_o modern_a derive_v from_o a_o certain_a religious_a person_n that_o live_v a_o hermit_n here_o for_o this_o very_a isle_n which_o on_o the_o east_n shoot_v out_o in_o a_o high_a promontory_n but_o on_o the_o west_n be_v champaign_n and_o fertile_a have_v be_v former_o inhabit_v by_o so_o many_o saint_n that_o without_o reckon_n dubritius_fw-la and_o merlin_n the_o calidonian_a no_o few_o than_o 20000_o faint_n be_v say_v by_o ancient_a history_n to_o lie_v bury_v here_o next_o to_o this_o be_v mona_n mona_n mona_n or_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n anglesey_n anglesey_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n mon_n tir-mon_a and_o inis_fw-la dowyli_n that_o be_v the_o dark_a island_n and_o by_o the_o saxon_n monege_v whereof_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v near_a anglesey_n lie_v these_o three_o lesser_a island_n moyl_n rhoniad_n that_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o seal_n to_o the_o north_n west_n this_o be_v unjust_o withhold_v by_o certain_a usurper_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v till_o henry_n deny_v bishop_n of_o bangor_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o history_n of_o canterbury_n recover_v it_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o fleet_n and_o army_n in_o henry_n the_o seventh_n time_n to_o the_o east_n lie_v ynis_n ligod_n that_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o mouse_n and_o under_o that_o prestholmé_fw-fr i.e._n the_o isle_n of_o priest_n where_o i_o see_v nothing_o but_o the_o tower_n steeple_n of_o s._n cyriac_n chapel_n visible_a at_o a_o great_a distance_n the_o neighbour_n report_v incredible_a thing_n of_o the_o infinite_a breed_n and_o number_n of_o sea-fowl_n here_o and_o what_o be_v no_o less_o strange_a that_o a_o causey_n go_v from_o hence_o through_o the_o very_a sea_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o that_o huge_a mountain_n pen-maen-maur_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o such_o as_o come_v in_o pilgrimage_n hither_o i_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o lambey_n lambey_n lambey_n a_o small_a island_n over-against_o this_o upon_o the_o irish_a shore_n though_o alum_n have_v be_v seek_v for_o in_o it_o at_o great_a charge_n by_o the_o metal-man_n man._n the_o isle_n of_o man._n more_o northward_o lie_v the_o mona_n which_o caesar_n mention_n situate_v as_o he_o say_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o britain_n and_o ireland_n menavia_n mona_n or_o menavia_n ptolemy_n call_v it_o monoeda_n or_o moneitha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o conjecture_v the_o more_o remote_a mona_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o mona_n or_o anglesey_n pliny_n term_v it_o monabia_n orosius_n menavia_n guotodin_n lib._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o a_o certain_a copy_n of_o ninniuâ—_n it_o be_v call_v manau_n guotodin_n and_o bede_n menavia_n secunda_fw-la in_o who_o mona_n or_o anglesey_n be_v call_v menavia_n prio_fw-la and_o both_o british_a island_n yet_o i_o must_v note_v that_o this_o be_v false_o read_v mevania_n in_o these_o writer_n ninius_n who_o go_v also_o by_o the_o name_n of_o gildas_n call_v it_o eubonia_fw-la and_o manaw_v the_o britain_n call_v it_o menaw_n the_o inhabitant_n maning_n and_o the_o english_a the_o isle_n of_o man_n lie_v stretch_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n and_o britain_n say_v giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la which_o raise_v no_o small_a stir_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o decide_v to_o which_o of_o the_o territory_n it_o most_o proper_o belong_v at_o last_o this_o difference_n be_v thus_o adjust_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o venomous_a worm_n will_v live_v here_o that_o be_v bring_v over_o for_o experiment's_n sake_n it_o be_v general_o think_v to_o belong_v to_o britain_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v very_a like_o the_o irish_a both_o in_o their_o speech_n and_o manner_n and_o not_o without_o something_o of_o the_o norwegian_n in_o they_o it_o lie_v out_o from_o north_n to_o south_n for_o about_o thirty_o italian_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o in_o the_o wide_a part_n of_o it_o be_v hardly_o above_o fifteen_o mile_n broad_a nor_o above_o eight_o in_o the_o narrow_a in_o bede_n time_n it_o contain_v three_o hundred_o family_n and_o mona_n nine_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o but_o at_o present_v it_o can_v reckon_v 17_o parish_n church_n here_o flax_n and_o hemp_n grow_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o here_o be_v good_a pasture_n and_o cornfield_n which_o produce_v barley_n and_o wheat_n but_o especial_o oat_n in_o great_a abundance_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o people_n general_o feed_v upon_o oat-bread_n here_o be_v likewise_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o many_o flock_n of_o sheep_n but_o both_o the_o sheep_n and_o cattle_n be_v like_o those_o in_o their_o neighbour_n country_n ireland_n much_o less_o than_o in_o england_n and_o not_o so_o well_o head_v the_o want_n of_o wood_n for_o fuel_n here_o be_v supply_v by_o a_o bituminous_a kind_n of_o turf_n in_o dig_v for_o which_o they_o often_o light_a upon_o tree_n lie_v bury_v underground_o towards_o the_o middle_a this_o isle_n be_v mountainous_a the_o high_a hill_n be_v sceafell_n from_o which_o they_o can_v see_v scotland_n england_n and_o ireland_n in_o a_o clear_a day_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v russin_n situate_v towards_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o island_n which_o from_o a_o castle_n and_o garrison_n in_o it_o be_v common_o call_v castle-town_n where_o within_o a_o little_a isle_n pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o erect_v a_o episcopal_n see_v sodorensis_n episcopus_fw-la sodorensis_n the_o bishop_n whereof_o name_v sodorensis_n from_o the_o island_n as_o it_o be_v believe_v have_v former_o jurisdiction_n over_o all_o the_o hebrides_n but_o it_o be_v now_o limit_v to_o this_o island_n and_o his_o metropolitan_a be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n this_o bishop_n have_v neither_o seat_n nor_o vote_n among_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n in_o england_n the_o most_o populous_a town_n be_v douglas_n douglas_n douglas_n for_o it_o have_v the_o best_a harbour_n and_o the_o most_o easy_a entrance_n and_o be_v frequent_v by_o the_o french_a and_o other_o foreigner_n who_o come_v hither_o with_o their_o bay-salt_n and_o buy_v up_o leather_n course_n wool_n and_o salt_n beef_n to_o export_v with_o they_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o island_n stand_v bala_n curi_n where_o the_o bishop_n general_o reside_v and_o the_o pile_n a_o fort_n erect_v in_o a_o small_a island_n defend_v by_o a_o pretty_a good_a garrison_n before_o the_o south_n point_n there_o lie_v a_o little_a island_n which_o they_o call_v the_o calf_n of_o man_n where_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o those_o seafowl_n term_v puffin_n and_o of_o those_o duck_n and_o drake_n say_v to_o breed_v in_o rot_a wood_n which_o the_o english_a call_v bernacle_n bernacle_n bernacle_n the_o scots_a clake_n and_o soland_n goose_n what_o remain_v of_o the_o account_n of_o this_o island_n be_v here_o add_v out_o of_o a_o letter_n which_o i_o receive_v from_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n john_n meryk_n bishop_n thereof_o this_o island_n not_o only_o supply_v its_o own_o want_n with_o its_o own_o cattle_n fish_n and_o corn_n but_o export_v great_a quantity_n into_o foreign_a country_n every_o year_n yet_o this_o plenty_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o pain_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o native_n than_o to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n however_o the_o happiness_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v owe_v to_o nothing_o more_o than_o the_o government_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n who_o at_o his_o own_o proper_a charge_n have_v defend_v it_o with_o a_o body_n of_o regular_a and_o stand_a troop_n against_o its_o neighbour_a enemy_n and_o lay_v out_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o revenue_n upon_o it_o all_o cause_n be_v decide_v betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n without_o
land_n beyond_o this_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o north_n call_v by_o the_o native_n melienydh_n â—â—â—ieâ—ydh_fw-mi â—â—â—ieâ—ydh_fw-mi from_o the_o yellowish_a mountain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o barren_a and_o hungry_a soil_n which_o notwithstanding_o show_v the_o ruin_n of_o divers_a castle_n â—â—â—minâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—n_fw-la y_fw-mi â—â—s_o â—â—â—minâ—â—â—â—_n but_o especial_o of_o keun_n lhys_n and_o tinbod_v stand_v ‖_o on_o the_o summit_n of_o a_o cope_v hill_n and_o be_v destroy_v by_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o this_o country_n of_o melienydh_n reach_v to_o the_o river_n wye_n b_o which_o cross_v the_o western_a angle_n of_o the_o county_n and_o have_v it_o be_v rapid_a course_n somewhat_o abate_v by_o the_o rock_n it_o meet_v with_o and_o its_o channel_n discontinue_v it_o sudden_o fall_v headlong_o over_o a_o steep_a precipice_n whence_o the_o place_n be_v call_v rhà iadr_n gŵy_o gwy_n rhaiadr_n gwy_n which_o imply_v as_o much_o as_o the_o cataract_n or_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n wye_n c_o and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o english_a may_v not_o from_o that_o word_n rhà iadr_n impose_v the_o name_n of_o radnor_n first_o on_o the_o county_n and_o afterward_o on_o the_o chief_a town_n therein_o by_o this_o cataract_n there_o be_v a_o castle_n which_o as_o we_o find_v it_o record_v be_v repair_v by_o rhÅ·s_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o near_o this_o place_n there_o be_v a_o vast_a wilderness_n dismal_a to_o behold_v by_o reason_n of_o many_o crooked_a way_n and_o high_a mountain_n into_o which_o as_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o refuge_n that_o bane_n of_o his_o native_a country_n king_n vortigern_n vortigern_n vortigern_n who_o very_a memory_n the_o britain_n curse_n withdraw_v himself_o when_o he_o have_v at_o last_o serious_o repent_v of_o his_o abominable_a wickedness_n in_o call_v in_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o incestuous_o marry_v his_o own_o daughter_n but_o god_n vengeance_n pursue_v he_o he_o be_v consume_v by_o lightning_n together_o with_o his_o city_n kaer-gwortigern_a which_o he_o have_v build_v for_o his_o refuge_n nor_o be_v it_o far_o from_o hence_o as_o if_o the_o place_n be_v fatal_a that_o not_o only_o this_o vortigern_n the_o last_o british_a monarch_n of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o britain_n but_o also_o lhewelyn_n lhewelyn_n lhewelyn_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o british_a line_n be_v betray_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1282._o end_v his_o life_n from_o this_o vortigern_n ninnius_n call_v that_o small_a region_n gwortiger_n mawr_n nor_o be_v the_o name_n yet_o lose_v but_o of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v not_o any_o memorial_n but_o what_o we_o have_v from_o author_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o castle_n of_o gwthrènion_n gwerthrynion_n gwerthrynion_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o which_o the_o welshman_n for_o their_o hatred_n to_o roger_n mortimer_n lay_v 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of_o march_n g._n gemet_n l._n ult_n c._n 10._o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v overcome_v edric_n wild._n edric_n weald_n or_o wild._n sylvaticus_fw-la a_o saxon_a gain_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o this_o small_a territory_n and_o have_v continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o leading-man_n of_o the_o county_n at_o length_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o wigmore_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o march_n by_o edw._n 3._o about_o 1328._o who_o soon_o after_o be_v sentence_v to_o death_n have_v be_v accuse_v of_o insolence_n to_o the_o state_n of_o favour_v the_o scot_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o england_n of_o converse_v over-familiar_o with_o the_o king_n mother_n and_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n king_n edward_n 2._o he_o have_v by_o his_o wife_n jane_n jenevil_n 3._o lâ—b_n monast_n lanthony_n 29_o ed._n 3._o who_o bring_v he_o large_a revenue_n as_o well_o in_o ireland_n as_o england_n a_o son_n call_v edmund_n who_o suffer_v for_o his_o father_n crime_n and_o be_v deprive_v both_o of_o his_o inheritance_n and_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n but_o his_o son_n roger_n be_v receive_v into_o favour_n and_o have_v not_o only_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o march_n restore_v but_o be_v also_o create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o that_o noble_a order_n this_o roger_n marry_v philippe_n montague_n by_o who_o he_o have_v edmund_n earl_n of_o march_n who_o marry_v philippe_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o leonel_n duke_n of_o clarence_n the_o three_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n 3._o whereby_o he_o obtain_v the_o earldom_n of_o ulster_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o clare_n after_o his_o decease_n in_o ireland_n where_o he_o have_v govern_v with_o general_a applause_n his_o son_n roger_n succeed_v be_v both_o earl_n of_o march_n and_o ulster_n who_o king_n richard_n design_v his_o successor_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n the_o next_o heir_n but_o he_o die_v before_o king_n richard_n left_a issue_n edmund_n and_o anne_n king_n henry_n 4._o who_o have_v usurp_v the_o government_n suspect_v edmund_n interest_n and_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n expose_v he_o to_o many_o hazard_n insomuch_o that_o be_v take_v by_o the_o rebel_n owen_n glyndwr_a he_o die_v of_o grief_n and_o discontent_n leave_v his_o sister_n anne_n to_o inherit_v she_o be_v marry_v to_o richard_n plantagenet_n earl_n of_o cambridge_n who_o posterity_n in_o her_o right_n become_v afterward_o earl_n of_o march_n and_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o crown_n county_z see_v in_o yâ—â—â—shire_n towards_o â—â—e_z end_n of_o â—â—e_z county_z which_o in_o the_o end_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v elsewhere_o they_o obtain_v and_o edward_n the_o four_o elder_a son_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o wales_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n etc._n etc._n have_v also_o confer_v on_o he_o as_o a_o additional_a honour_n the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o march_n as_o for_o the_o title_n of_o radnor_n 1679._o radnor_n it_o be_v confer_v upon_o john_n roberts_n lord_n roberts_n of_o truro_n 23_o jul._n 1679._o no_o man_n ever_o boâ—e_n it_o separately_z that_o i_o know_v of_o in_o this_o county_n be_v 52_o parish_n addition_n to_o radnorshire_n asleep_o the_o first_o place_n of_o considerable_a antiquity_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o country_n be_v clawdh_n offa_n offa._n extent_n of_o clawdh_n offa._n the_o trace_v whereof_o give_v we_o the_o exact_a bound_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n it_o may_v be_v see_v on_o brachy-hill_n and_o near_o rÅ·hd_v be_v helig_n and_o lanterden_n in_o herefordshire_n and_o be_v continue_v northwards_o from_o knighton_n over_o a_o part_n of_o shropshire_n into_o mongomeryshire_n and_o may_v be_v trace_v over_o the_o long_a mountain_n call_v in_o welsh_a keun_n digolh_n to_o harden_n castle_n across_o the_o severn_n and_o lhan_n drinio-common_a from_o whence_o it_o pass_v the_o vyrnwy_n again_o into_o shropshire_n not_o far_o from_o oswaldstry_n where_o there_o be_v also_o a_o small_a village_n call_v trevyrclawdh_n in_o denbighshire_n it_o be_v visible_a along_o the_o road_n between_o rhywabon_n and_o wrexham_n fâ—om_o whence_o be_v continue_v through_o flintshire_n it_o end_v a_o little_a below_o holywell_n where_o that_o water_n fall_v into_o dee_n at_o a_o place_n former_o the_o site_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o basingwerk_n this_o limit_n seem_v not_o afterward_o well_o maintain_v by_o the_o english_a for_o although_o we_o find_v that_o the_o british_a tongue_n decrease_v daily_o on_o the_o border_n of_o wales_n yet_o not_o only_o that_o language_n but_o also_o the_o ancient_a british_a custom_n and_o name_n of_o man_n and_o place_n remain_v still_o for_o some_o space_n on_o the_o english_a side_n almost_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o b_o the_o word_n gwy_n or_o why_o signify_v gwy_a or_o why_o what_o it_o signify_v though_o it_o be_v here_o the_o name_n of_o a_o river_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o a_o appellative_a word_n either_o for_o
river_n or_o water_n for_o although_o it_o be_v not_o use_v at_o present_a in_o that_o sense_n nor_o yet_o preserve_v in_o any_o glossary_a or_o other_o book_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o in_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o name_n of_o many_o of_o our_o river_n ex_fw-la gr_n lhugwy_o dowrdwy_n y_fw-fr vyrnwy_n edwy_n conwy_n elwy_n hondhwy_o mynwy_n mowdhwy_n tawy_n towy_a etc._n etc._n now_o that_o this_o final_a syllable_n wy_fw-mi in_o these_o name_n of_o river_n be_v the_o same_o with_o gwy_a seem_v more_o than_o probable_a in_o that_o we_o find_v the_o river_n towy_a call_v in_o the_o book_n of_o landaffe_n tiugui_n ab_fw-la hostio_fw-la taratir_n super_fw-la ripam_fw-la gui_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ripam_fw-la tiugui_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o also_o the_o river_n elwy_n call_v elgui_n and_o that_o gwy_a or_o wy_fw-mi signify_v water_n seem_v also_o confirm_v from_o the_o name_n of_o some_o aquatic_a animal_n as_o gwyach_v gîach_n eog_v alias_o oiog_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v grant_v we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o interpret_v the_o name_n of_o several_a river_n which_o have_v hitherto_o remain_v unintelligible_a as_o lhugwy_a clear_a water_n from_o lhug_v which_o signify_v light_a or_o brightness_n dowrdwy_n loud_a water_n from_o dwradh_n noise_n edwy_n a_o swift_a or_o rapid_a stream_n from_o ehed_n to_o fly_v etc._n etc._n c_o as_o for_o rhà iadr_n gŵy_n several_a place_n in_o wales_n be_v thus_o denominate_v all_o which_o have_v cataract_n near_o they_o and_o the_o word_n be_v still_o use_v appellative_o among_o the_o mountain_n of_o snowdon_n in_o caernarvonshire_n where_o such_o fall_v of_o water_n be_v very_o frequent_a rhaiadar-castle_n whereof_o not_o the_o least_o ruin_n be_v now_o remain_v be_v very_o advantageous_o situate_v in_o a_o nook_n of_o the_o river_n close_o by_o this_o cataract_n but_o what_o seem_v very_o remarkable_a be_v a_o deep_a trench_n on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o castle-yaâ—d_a cut_v out_o of_o a_o exceed_a hard_a and_o solid_a rock_n about_o two_o furlong_n below_o this_o place_n where_o the_o castle_n stand_v i_o observe_v a_o large_a tumulus_n or_o barrow_n call_v from_o a_o chapel_n adjoin_v tommen_n lhan_o st._n frêd_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n at_o a_o far_a distance_n there_o be_v two_o more_o krigeu_n bâ—rrows_n or_o lâ—ws_v call_v in_o welsh_a krigeu_n much_o less_o than_o the_o former_a call_v krigeu_n keun_v keido_n viz._n the_o barrow_n of_o keun_n keido_n a_o place_n so_o call_v where_o it_o be_v suppose_v there_o stand_v heretofore_o a_o church_n for_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n adjoin_v be_v call_v klyttieu'r_o eglwys_n ¶_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n call_v gwastèdin_n near_o rhaiadr_n gŵy_n there_o be_v three_o large_a heap_n of_o stone_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v common_a upon_o mountain_n in_o most_o if_o not_o all_o county_n of_o wales_n and_o be_v call_v in_o south-wales_n karneu_fw-fr signâ—â—â—â—s_n karâ—_n wiâ—â—_n it_o signâ—â—â—â—s_n and_o in_o north-wales_n karnedheu_fw-la they_o consist_v of_o any_o such_o lesser_a stone_n from_o a_o pound_n weight_n to_o a_o hundâ—ed_o etc._n etc._n as_o the_o neighbour_a place_n afford_v and_o be_v confuse_o pile_v up_o without_o any_o far_a trouble_n than_o the_o bring_v they_o thither_o and_o the_o throw_n of_o they_o in_o heap_n on_o plin_n lhimmon_n mountain_n and_o some_o other_o place_n there_o be_v of_o these_o karnedheu_fw-la so_o considerable_o big_a that_o they_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o consist_v of_o no_o less_o than_o a_o hundred_o cartloads_a of_o stone_n but_o general_o consider_v they_o be_v much_o less_o they_o be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o north_n and_o probable_o other_o part_n of_o england_n and_o be_v frequent_a in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v call_v there_o by_o the_o same_o british_a name_n of_o kairn_n whereof_o i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o account_n to_o the_o curious_a reader_n than_o that_o it_o be_v a_o primitive_a word_n and_o appropriate_v to_o signify_v such_o heap_n of_o stone_n that_o most_o of_o these_o karnedheu_fw-la not_o to_o say_v all_o be_v intend_v as_o memorial_n of_o the_o dead_a i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o that_o i_o have_v myself_o observe_v near_o the_o summit_n of_o one_o of_o they_o a_o rude_a stone_n monument_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o prove_v sepulchral_v hereafter_o somewhat_o of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o large_a coffer_n or_o chest_n and_o have_v receive_v unquestionable_a information_n of_o two_o more_o such_o monument_n find_v of_o late_a year_n in_o the_o like_a place_n but_o what_o remove_v all_o scruple_n and_o put_v this_o question_n beyond_o far_a debate_n be_v that_o it_o be_v still_o the_o custom_n in_o several_a place_n to_o cast_v heap_n of_o stone_n on_o the_o grave_n of_o malefactor_n and_o self-murderer_n and_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v since_o we_o can_v assign_v no_o other_o reason_n that_o the_o worst_a of_o traitor_n be_v call_v karn-vradwyr_a the_o most_o notorious_a thief_n karn-lhadron_a etc._n etc._n that_o this_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n appear_v from_o that_o epitaph_n ascribe_v to_o virgil_n on_o the_o infamous_a robber_n balista_n monte_fw-la sub_fw-la hoc_fw-la lapidum_fw-la tegitur_fw-la balista_n sepultus_fw-la nocte_fw-la die_v tutum_fw-la carp_n viator_n iter_fw-la but_o that_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o usual_a among_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n seem_v evident_a for_o that_o they_o be_v common_a also_o in_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n and_o in_o ireland_n where_o their_o conquest_n never_o reach_v now_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o malefactor_n only_o be_v thus_o serve_v in_o ancient_a time_n or_o whether_o other_o person_n indifferent_o have_v not_o such_o heap_n of_o stone_n erect_v to_o they_o as_o sepulchral_v monument_n i_o answer_v that_o before_o christianity_n be_v introduce_v man_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v such_o funeral_n piles_n and_o such_o i_o take_v to_o have_v be_v the_o large_a of_o they_o those_o especial_o that_o have_v the_o monument_n above_o mention_v within_o they_o but_o since_o the_o plant_n of_o christianity_n they_o become_v so_o detestable_a and_o appropriate_v to_o malefactor_n that_o sometime_o the_o most_o passionate_a wish_n a_o man_n can_v express_v to_o his_o enemy_n be_v that_o a_o karn_n be_v his_o monument_n wynâ—â—_n karn_n 〈◊〉_d wynâ—â—_n and_o as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v the_o most_o notorious_a and_o profligate_v criminal_n be_v distinguish_v by_o that_o word_n brecknockshire_n on_o the_o south_n of_o radnor_n lie_v brecknockshire_n in_o british_a brycheinog_n so_o call_v as_o the_o welsh_a suppose_v â—_o giraâ—d_n â—â—mo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d c._n â—_o from_o prince_n *_o brechanius_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o numerous_a and_o holy_a offspring_n to_o wit_n twenty_o four_o daughter_n all_o saint_n this_o be_v considerable_o a_o large_a county_n than_o radnorshire_n but_o more_o mountainous_a though_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v adorn_v with_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a vale_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o hereford_n on_o the_o south_n with_o monmouth_n and_o glamorgan_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o caermardhinshire_n but_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v in_o the_o describe_v of_o this_o small_a province_n to_o what_o the_o industrious_a giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la have_v already_o write_v who_o be_v archdeacon_n hereof_o four_o hundred_o year_n since_o i_o may_v do_v well_o for_o some_o time_n to_o be_v silent_a and_o call_v he_o to_o my_o assistance_n brechiniauc_v say_v he_o in_o his_o itinerary_n of_o wales_n be_v a_o land_n sufficient_o abound_v with_o corn_n whereof_o if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n it_o be_v ample_o supply_v from_o the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o be_v well_o store_v with_o wood_n pasture_n wild_a deer_n and_o herd_n of_o cattle_n it_o have_v also_o plenty_n of_o river-fish_n from_o usk_n and_o why_o both_o abound_a with_o salmon_n and_o trout_n but_o the_o why_o with_o a_o better_a sort_n call_v umbrae_n it_o be_v enclose_v on_o all_o part_n except_o the_o north_n with_o high_a mountain_n have_v on_o the_o west_n the_o mountain_n of_o cantre-bychan_a and_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o southern-hill_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v call_v kader_n arthur_n or_o arthur_n chair_n from_o two_o peak_v on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o somewhat_o resemble_v a_o chair_n which_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o lofty_a seat_n and_o a_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v ascribe_v in_o the_o vulgar_a appellation_n of_o it_o to_z arthur_z the_o most_o puissant_a and_o absolute_a monarch_n of_o the_o britain_n a_o fountain_n spring_v on_o the_o very_a top_n of_o this_o hill_n which_o be_v as_o deep_a as_o a_o drawwell_a and_o four_o square_n afford_v trout_n though_o no_o water_n run_v out_o of_o it_o be_v thus_o guard_v on_o the_o south_n with_o high_a mountain_n it_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o