the_o conquest_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o several_a king_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o great_a eminency_n for_o birth_n or_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n and_o advancement_n into_o place_n of_o government_n and_o honour_n these_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o flower_n of_o the_o people_n flourish_v only_o from_o the_o honour_n that_o ascend_v from_o beneath_o their_o deportment_n then_o be_v full_a of_o cheer_n and_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n after_o that_o royalty_n spring_v up_o the_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o they_o exhale_v such_o a_o reciprocal_a interest_n back_o again_o as_o make_v they_o less_o regardful_a of_o their_o own_o root_n whereas_o we_o see_v the_o more_o mature_a flower_n be_v the_o more_o propence_n to_o turn_v head_n and_o look_v downward_o to_o their_o own_o original_n this_o distemper_n be_v yet_o much_o worse_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o nobility_n beside_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n in_o their_o own_o country_n obtain_v by_o custom_n such_o command_n and_o power_n among_o the_o mean_a sort_n be_v soldier_n under_o they_o in_o time_n of_o the_o service_n in_o the_o field_n that_o when_o the_o war_n have_v breathe_v out_o their_o last_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v forget_v or_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o lay_v aside_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o king_n and_o advantage_n espy_v to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o monarchy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o great_a man_n who_o if_o they_o can_v make_v their_o own_o all_o will_v be_v they_o and_o wherein_o they_o have_v prevail_v much_o more_o than_o they_o do_v if_o they_o have_v be_v wise_a enough_o to_o have_v maintain_v they_o in_o unity_n but_o in_o that_o fail_n king_n be_v necessitate_v to_o take_v party_n and_o serve_v the_o nobility_n to_o save_v the_o main_a and_o thus_o continue_v they_o a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n well_o nigh_o to_o the_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o king_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o benefit_n of_o none_o but_o the_o lord_n who_o in_o those_o unquiet_a time_n be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o field_n this_o error_n of_o king_n be_v soon_o espy_v but_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v its_o natural_a to_o man_n to_o be_v proud_a and_o to_o such_o to_o fall_v into_o contention_n another_o course_n therefore_o be_v take_v viz._n to_o raise_v up_o some_o so_o high_a as_o may_v overtop_v all_o and_o keep_v they_o under_o nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o without_o reason_n for_o king_n be_v no_o ubiquitary_n and_o some_o must_v bear_v their_o power_n where_o they_o can_v be_v personal_o present_a yet_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o bestow_v too_o much_o upon_o one_o man_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n fit_v to_o be_v a_o king_n but_o himself_o that_o be_v a_o king_n and_o where_o king_n be_v immoderate_a in_o bestow_v power_n it_o many_o time_n work_v much_o woe_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o seldom_o sorrow_n to_o the_o king_n themselves_o the_o place_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n be_v in_o show_v but_o one_o office_n yet_o in_o these_o time_n be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant-generall_a throughout_o the_o kingdom_n a_o power_n and_o work_v too_o great_a for_o any_o one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v make_v no_o deputy_n to_o manage_v it_o 14._o hoveden_n 443_o 375._o nubr_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 14._o and_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o one_o man_n make_v up_o of_o a_o archbishop_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n or_o a_o bishop_n a_o lord_n chancellor_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o government_n must_v that_o needs_o be_v wherein_o the_o servant_n throne_n be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v a_o plenitudinary_a power_n beyond_o that_o which_o his_o lord_n and_o king_n be_v as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a plurality_n the_o great_a man_n of_o england_n keep_v the_o commons_o below_o and_o themselves_o above_o and_o probable_o render_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n more_o aristocratical_a then_o in_o after_o age_n and_o if_o their_o personal_a authority_n be_v of_o such_o value_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o their_o joint_a assembly_n or_o court_n of_o council_n concern_v which_o i_o must_v agree_v that_o as_o in_o their_o original_n in_o germany_n they_o do_v consult_v and_o determine_v of_o the_o mean_a matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o matter_n concern_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o their_o most_o ordinary_a work_v meeting_n of_o judge_n or_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o also_o matter_n of_o defensive_a war_n because_o themselves_o be_v the_o commander_n and_o last_o in_o matter_n of_o sudden_a concernment_n to_o the_o state_n not_o only_o to_o serve_v as_o eye_n to_o foresee_v but_o to_o provide_v also_o if_o they_o can_v or_o otherwise_o to_o call_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o people_n advice_n so_o also_o they_o continue_v this_o course_n and_o it_o may_v be_v now_o and_o then_o as_o all_o counsel_n have_v do_v strain_v their_o endeavour_n beyond_o their_o reach_n especal_o since_o the_o norman_n entrance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o king_n and_o without_o the_o commons_o have_v make_v many_o law_n and_o constitution_n some_o of_o which_o now_o be_v call_v statute_n although_o many_o of_o they_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o other_o than_o rule_v for_o judicature_n which_o ordinary_a court_n may_v frame_v or_o judgement_n in_o particular_a case_n such_o as_o be_v the_o constitution_n at_o clarindon_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o many_o other_o law_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lord_n nor_o can_v i_o look_v upon_o such_o law_n otherwise_o then_o as_o upon_o judgement_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o new_a point_n of_o controversy_n ground_v upon_o ancient_a ground_n which_o proper_o be_v not_o new_a law_n but_o the_o ancient_a rule_n apply_v to_o new_a particular_n and_o be_v so_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o law_n ordinance_n constitution_n or_o judgement_n the_o word_n statute_n be_v of_o late_a time_n take_v up_o and_o use_v in_o a_o more_o restrictive_a sense_n of_o which_o more_o in_o their_o due_a place_n now_o that_o this_o court_n be_v a_o settle_a court_n of_o judicature_n 1175._o hoveden_n an._n 1175._o and_o so_o use_v may_v appear_v in_o that_o fine_n be_v levy_v therein_o and_o writ_n of_o right_n determine_v as_o in_o that_o great_a case_n between_o the_o two_o king_n of_o navarr_n and_o castille_n ibid._n ibid._n refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o try_v in_o this_o court_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o plea_n and_o if_o need_v whereby_o battle_n the_o judge_n in_o this_o court_n be_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n for_o the_o entry_n of_o judgement_n in_o that_o great_a case_n be_v thus_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regalis_fw-la curiae_fw-la angliae_fw-la adjudicaverunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o though_o doubtless_o many_o be_v absent_a some_o be_v enemy_n other_o discontent_v other_o upon_o other_o occasion_n yet_o all_o may_v claim_v their_o vote_n as_o baron_n the_o precedent_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o chief_a justice_n or_o if_o the_o king_n be_v present_a then_o himself_o and_o by_o he_o be_v the_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n declare_v according_a to_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a habito_fw-la concilio_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la adjudicavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o honour_n of_o this_o court_n be_v great_a so_o long_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n or_o care_n to_o attend_v thereon_o but_o when_o king_n begin_v to_o have_v private_a interest_n they_o will_v have_v these_o to_o be_v more_o private_a counsel_n which_o weaken_v the_o esteem_n of_o conclusion_n that_o there_o pass_v and_o reduce_v the_o honour_n thereof_o scarce_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o conventicle_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o necessity_n of_o call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n representative_a be_v make_v more_o frequent_a the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n decay_v and_o this_o court_n forfeit_v all_o its_o juridical_a power_n to_o the_o three_o court_n at_o westminster_n viz._n the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n and_o exchequer_n save_v still_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n unto_o the_o grand_a convention_n of_o estate_n in_o parliament_n where_o all_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n of_o meeting_n and_o free_a
particular_a nature_n of_o each_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o glossaries_n all_o of_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n grant_v over_o to_o these_o grantee_n in_o nature_n of_o deputy_n to_o the_o king_n to_o possess_v both_o the_o power_n and_o profit_n thereto_o belong_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o manor_n nevertheless_o most_o of_o these_o liberty_n if_o not_o all_o of_o they_o be_v many_o time_n grant_v by_o king_n as_o appendent_a to_o manor_n which_o be_v francheses_n of_o small_a circuit_n be_v at_o the_o first_o portion_n of_o ground_n grant_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o by_o they_o subdivide_v and_o grant_v over_o to_o particular_a person_n to_o hold_v of_o the_o grantor_n by_o rent_n service_n and_o suit_n to_o one_o court_n all_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o spoil_n of_o war_n and_o reward_n of_o valour_n or_o other_o service_n these_o in_o their_o collective_a nature_n be_v call_v a_o manor_n and_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n become_v a_o kind_n of_o body_n politic_a in_o antiquity_n it_o be_v call_v mansum_fw-la from_o the_o mansion_n house_n although_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o manor_n 212_o bracton_n foe_fw-mi 212_o nor_o ought_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n to_o be_v construe_v according_a to_o the_o literal_a sense_n for_o the_o house_n may_v be_v destroy_v and_o yet_o the_o manor_n continue_v and_o the_o ground_n be_v grant_v in_o tenure_n before_o any_o house_n build_v thereupon_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o ground_n thus_o give_v to_o hold_v by_o service_n be_v according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n more_o or_o less_o and_o therefore_o may_v extend_v into_o divers_a parish_n as_o on_o the_o other_o part_n one_o town_n may_v comprehend_v divers_a manor_n 15._o flera_fw-la lib._n 4._o cap._n 15._o the_o estate_n that_o be_v grant_v depend_v partly_o on_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o grantee_n for_o some_o be_v servi_fw-la or_o bondman_n and_o their_o estate_n be_v altogether_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v also_o the_o benefit_n but_o the_o servant_n merit_n and_o the_o lord_n benignity_n concur_v with_o some_o conscience_n of_o religion_n as_o the_o light_n grow_v more_o clear_a abate_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o tenure_n into_o that_o which_o we_o now_o call_v copyhold_n other_o estate_n be_v make_v to_o the_o free_a man_n which_o in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v only_o for_o year_n albeit_o therein_o they_o be_v not_o niggardly_o for_o they_o stick_v not_o at_o lease_n for_o a_o hundred_o year_n croyl_n ingulsus_n croyl_n yet_o with_o a_o render_v of_o rent_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o corn_n or_o other_o victual_v and_o thence_o the_o lease_n so_o make_v be_v call_v feorme_n or_o farm_n which_o word_n signify_v victual_n but_o time_n ensue_v turn_v the_o victual_n into_o money_n and_o term_n of_o year_n to_o term_n of_o life_n and_o inheritance_n retain_v the_o rent_n and_o those_o call_v quit_v rent_n or_o the_o rent_n of_o those_o person_n that_o be_v acquit_v or_o free_a 69._o gloss_n 158._o ll._n saxon_n 16_o 17._o lamb._n gloss_n 348._o ll._n canut_n p._n 1._o cap._n 69._o but_o in_o case_n of_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n for_o the_o most_o part_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n be_v reserve_v heriot_n or_o a_o relief_n which_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o be_v put_v in_o certainty_n in_o the_o very_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n for_o according_a to_o each_o man_n degree_n such_o be_v his_o relief_n or_o heriot_n but_o over_o and_o above_o all_o they_o reserve_v special_a service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o some_o other_o by_o his_o procurement_n of_o which_o those_o that_o be_v their_o servi_fw-la or_o villain_n be_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n other_o have_v their_o particular_a service_n set_v down_o in_o their_o grant_n knight-service_n knight-service_n these_o concern_v either_o war_n or_o peace_n the_o former_a be_v afterward_o call_v the_o service_n of_o the_o knight_n or_o soldier_n the_o late_a the_o service_n of_o the_o husbandman_n or_o plough_n that_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v the_o more_o honourable_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o old_a german_a trade_n pigrum_fw-la &_o iners_fw-la videtur_fw-la sudore_fw-la acquirere_fw-la quod_fw-la possis_fw-la sanguine_fw-la parare_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o the_o work_n be_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n person_n and_o honour_n and_o to_o this_o end_n he_o be_v ever_o to_o have_v his_o weapon_n in_o readiness_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o service_n and_o alter_v as_o time_n and_o custom_n change_v this_o service_n by_o custom_n from_o a_o work_n degenerate_v into_o the_o bare_a title_n and_o become_v a_o dignity_n and_o the_o man_n name_v or_o rather_o entitle_v milites_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o saxon_a charter_n be_v attest_v by_o man_n bear_v that_o title_n yet_o the_o service_n itself_o be_v far_o more_o ancient_a and_o call_v servicium_fw-la loricae_fw-la of_o which_o sort_n also_o be_v the_o custodes_fw-la pagani_fw-la that_o wear_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o a_o guilt_n sword_n not_o unlike_o the_o old_a german_a way_n of_o call_v forth_o of_o their_o tirones_fw-la to_o the_o war_n tacitus_n tacitus_n of_o this_o rank_n some_o be_v more_o eminent_a than_o other_o for_o some_o bear_v the_o single_a title_n of_o knight_n and_o it_o seem_v serve_v on_o foot_n other_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o be_v call_v radknight_n or_o knight_n rider_n as_o bracton_n note_v spicil_n selden_n spicil_n and_o these_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o vavasour_n note_v in_o the_o conqueror_n law_n for_o that_o their_o relief_n be_v a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n a_o shield_n a_o spear_n and_o a_o horse_n now_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o this_o service_n they_o have_v land_n and_o tenement_n call_v knight_n fee_n which_o bind_v the_o owner_n to_o that_o service_n into_o who_o hand_n soever_o they_o come_v to_o be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o other_o fit_a person_n by_o he_o procure_v and_o therefore_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o all_o tax_n and_o tollage_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o goth_n of_o old_a bureus_fw-la co._n litlet_n 75._o bureus_fw-la and_o remain_v in_o sweden_n at_o this_o day_n the_o number_n of_o these_o fee_n much_o increase_v so_o as_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n they_o be_v above_o sixty_o thousand_o which_o be_v a_o mighty_a body_n for_o a_o small_a island_n and_o bring_v much_o honour_n to_o the_o nation_n but_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o beneath_o tenure_n soccage_n tenure_n i_o mean_v from_o the_o soccage_n tenure_n or_o service_n of_o the_o plough_n which_o in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v perform_v by_o those_o that_o be_v unfit_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o war_n either_o be_v green_a and_o young_a or_o decrepet_n and_o age_a tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o woman_n but_o after_o that_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n be_v at_o a_o stop_n and_o that_o no_o more_o be_v to_o be_v get_v by_o blood_n man_n endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v their_o desire_n by_o sweat_n and_o turn_v their_o sword_n into_o ploughshare_n and_o thus_o the_o husbandry_n increase_v exceed_o and_o have_v prove_v the_o best_a pillar_n of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o nature_n of_o this_o tenure_n be_v full_o set_v out_o by_o the_o reporter_n 33._o co._n litlet_n foe_fw-mi 86._o ll._n edw._n c._n 33._o spiceleg_n ll._n edw._n c._n 33._o nor_o can_v i_o add_v thereto_o more_o than_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n concern_v these_o man_n viz._n that_o no_o man_n may_v trouble_v they_o but_o for_o their_o rent_n nor_o any_o lord_n thrust_v they_o out_o of_o their_o farm_n so_o long_o as_o they_o do_v their_o service_n and_o thus_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o service_n become_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o condition_n subsequent_a beget_v a_o increaser_n of_o the_o estate_n which_o by_o continuance_n wrought_v a_o inheritance_n and_o so_o the_o title_n of_o entry_n be_v turn_v whole_o into_o distress_n for_o service_n not_o perform_v yet_o the_o lord_n be_v no_o loose_a thereby_o so_o long_o as_o heriot_n rent_n and_o service_n accrue_v unto_o he_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o court_n incident_a and_o unite_a unto_o manor_n by_o grant_n make_v by_o lord_n unto_o tenant_n already_o note_v the_o lord_n have_v power_n by_o common_a right_n to_o call_v their_o tenant_n before_o they_o and_o inquire_v concern_v their_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o performance_n of_o service_n which_o become_v court_n of_o constant_a appointment_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o free_a man_n the_o other_o for_o the_o bond_n man_n and_o this_o bring_v forth_o a_o other_o service_n courtleet_n courtleet_n
antiquity_n for_o aethbald_n the_o mercian_n king_n above_o eight_o hundred_o year_n ago_o give_v the_o monastery_n of_o cutham_n 319._o council_n brit._n 319._o with_o all_o the_o land_n thereto_o appertain_v to_o christchurch_n in_o canterbury_n and_o for_o the_o confirmation_n thereof_o command_v a_o clod_n of_o earth_n with_o all_o the_o write_n to_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o altar_n another_o monument_n hereof_o more_o ancient_a by_o the_o space_n of_o above_o 100_o year_n we_o find_v in_o that_o grant_n of_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n 192._o council_n brit._n 192._o of_o four_o plough_n land_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o tenet_n the_o latter_a part_n whereof_o this_o clause_n conclude_v thus_o ad_fw-la cujus_fw-la cumulum_fw-la affirmationis_fw-la cespitem_fw-la huius_fw-la supradictae_fw-la terrae_fw-la super_fw-la sanctum_fw-la altar_n posui_fw-la will_n last_o will_n but_o every_o man_n have_v not_o liberty_n to_o execute_v the_o law_n of_o his_o inheritance_n in_o his_o life_n time_n for_o some_o be_v surprise_v with_o sudden_a occasion_n and_o unexpected_a issue_n and_o end_n and_o in_o such_o case_n they_o do_v what_o they_o can_v to_o declare_v their_o intent_n by_o last_o will_n which_o by_o common_a intendment_n be_v in_o writing_n have_v occasion_v some_o to_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n in_o their_o original_n have_v no_o use_n thereof_o be_v as_o they_o conceive_v so_o illiterate_a as_o not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o writing_n but_o the_o character_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n evince_v the_o contrary_a nor_o can_v those_o word_n of_o tacitus_n &_o nullum_fw-la est_fw-la testamentum_fw-la in_o any_o rational_a way_n be_v expound_v in_o this_o sense_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o context_n which_o run_v thus_o haeredes_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la est_fw-la testamentum_fw-la which_o in_o my_o opinion_n sound_v in_o this_o sense_n the_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o every_o one_o be_v his_o child_n and_o there_o be_v no_o testamentary_a power_n to_o disherit_v or_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o descent_n which_o by_o custom_n or_o law_n be_v settle_v otherwise_o to_o deny_v they_o the_o use_n of_o all_o testamentary_a power_n be_v a_o matter_n quite_o abhor_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o the_o grecian_n from_o who_o they_o learn_v all_o that_o they_o have_v 2._o m_o westm_n an._n 817._o malmsb._n gest_n reg._n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o nevertheless_o the_o saxon_n have_v not_o be_v long_o acquaint_v with_o the_o romanist_n but_o they_o have_v get_v that_o trick_n of_o they_o also_o of_o disherit_v by_o last_o will_n as_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o aethelwolfe_n and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n in_o history_n may_v appear_v the_o conveyance_n former_o mention_v concern_v land_n and_o good_n but_o if_o no_o such_o disposal_n of_o good_n be_v good_n good_n the_o ancient_a german_a custom_n carry_v they_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n promiscuous_o or_o rather_o in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o child_n but_o in_o succeed_a time_n the_o one_o half_a by_o the_o law_n of_o edmond_n pass_v to_o the_o relict_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v by_o force_n of_o contract_n rather_o than_o course_n of_o descent_n after_o he_o edward_n the_o confessor_n recollect_v the_o law_n declare_v that_o in_o case_n any_o one_o die_v intestate_a the_o child_n shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o good_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o the_o wife_n dower_n or_o portion_n as_o yet_o therefore_o the_o ordinary_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o administration_n for_o good_n pass_v by_o descent_n as_o well_o as_o land_n and_o upon_o this_o custom_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la honorum_fw-la be_v ground_v at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o well_o for_o the_o child_n as_o the_o wife_n part_n 122._o f.n._n br._n 122._o according_a as_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v appear_v chap._n xlii_o of_o time_n of_o law_n and_o vacancy_n such_o like_v as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v the_o course_n of_o government_n in_o those_o dark_a time_n nor_o do_v the_o fundamental_o alter_v either_o by_o the_o diversity_n and_o mixture_n of_o people_n of_o several_a nation_n in_o the_o first_o entrance_n nor_o from_o the_o dane_n or_o norman_n in_o their_o survenue_n not_o only_o because_o in_o their_o original_n they_o all_o breathe_v one_o air_n of_o the_o law_n and_o government_n of_o greece_n but_o also_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o common_a dictate_v of_o nature_n refine_v by_o wise_a man_n which_o challenge_v a_o kind_n of_o awe_n in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o most_o barbarous_a i_o have_v almost_o forget_v one_o circumstance_n which_o tend_v much_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v their_o speedy_a execution_n of_o justice_n for_o they_o admit_v no_o delay_n till_o upon_o experience_n they_o find_v that_o by_o stay_v a_o little_a long_o they_o have_v do_v the_o soon_o and_o this_o bring_v forth_o particular_a time_n of_o exemption_n 16._o miror_fw-la cap._n 4._o sec._n 16._o as_o that_o of_o infancy_n and_o childbearing_n in_o case_n of_o answer_n to_o criminail_n accusation_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o case_n of_o regard_n of_o holiness_n of_o the_o time_n as_o that_o of_o the_o lord_n day_n saint_n day_n 518._o ll._n sax._n cap._n 10._o council_n brit._n 518._o fast_n ember_n day_n for_o even_o those_o day_n be_v have_v in_o much_o honour_n nor_o only_a day_n but_o season_n as_o from_o advent_v to_o the_o octave_n of_o epiphany_n from_o septuagesima_fw-la till_o fifteen_o day_n after_o easter_n or_o as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o confessor_n till_o eight_o day_n after_o easter_n and_o from_o ascension_n to_o the_o eight_o day_n after_o pentecost_n and_o though_o as_o king_n and_o time_n do_v change_v so_o these_o season_n may_v be_v diverse_o cut_v out_o as_o the_o law_n of_o alfred_n aethelstan_n aetheldred_n edgar_n canutus_n and_o edward_n do_v manifest_a yet_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o some_o be_v more_o fit_a for_o holy_a observation_n than_o other_o and_o thus_o by_o the_o devotion_n of_o prince_n and_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n be_v cut_v out_o for_o course_n of_o law_n in_o the_o king_n court_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n be_v leave_v vacant_a for_o the_o exercise_n and_o maintenance_n of_o husbandry_n and_o particular_a calling_n and_o employment_n save_v that_o even_o in_o those_o time_n the_o court_n of_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o hold_v their_o ancient_a and_o constant_a course_n last_o of_o all_o and_o as_o a_o bind_a law_n unto_o all_o 18._o miror_fw-la cap._n 4._o sec._n 18._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o false_a judge_n shall_v give_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o they_o and_o as_o the_o case_n require_v to_o forfeit_v the_o residue_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v disable_v for_o ever_o for_o place_n of_o judicature_n and_o their_o life_n leave_v to_o the_o king_n mercy_n chap._n xliii_o a_o epilogue_n to_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o the_o joint_n of_o saxon_a government_n in_o their_o person_n precinct_n court_n cause_n and_o law_n wherein_o as_o the_o distance_n will_v permit_v and_o according_a to_o my_o capacity_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o refresh_v the_o image_n of_o the_o saxon_a commonweal_n the_o more_o curious_a lineament_n be_v now_o disfigure_v by_o time_n afar_o off_o it_o seem_v a_o monarchy_n but_o in_o approach_n discover_v more_o of_o a_o democracy_n and_o if_o the_o temper_n of_o a_o body_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o prevail_a humour_n towards_o age_n that_o government_n do_v still_o appear_v more_o prevalent_a in_o all_o assault_n both_o of_o time_n and_o change_n the_o first_o great_a change_n it_o feel_v be_v from_o the_o dane_n that_o storm_v they_o and_o show_v therein_o much_o of_o the_o wrath_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n and_o yet_o it_o trench_a not_o upon_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n the_o worst_a effect_n it_o have_v be_v upon_o the_o church_n in_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o power_n of_o religion_n and_o worship_n of_o god_n for_o after_o much_o toil_n and_o loss_n both_o of_o sweat_n and_o blood_n the_o dane_n find_v that_o little_a be_v to_o be_v get_v by_o blow_n but_o blow_n and_o that_o the_o clergy_n at_o the_o least_o be_v the_o side-wind_n in_o the_o course_n of_o all_o affair_n lay_v aside_o their_o paganism_n and_o join_v with_o the_o clergy_n and_o as_o their_o convert_n and_o pupil_n gain_v not_o only_o their_o quiet_a residence_n but_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o make_v trial_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o therein_o serve_v the_o clergy_n so_o well_o as_o they_o bring_v the_o people_n to_o a_o perfect_a idolatry_n with_o time_n place_n and_o person_n and_o subjection_n of_o their_o estate_n to_o church_n tribute_n
he_o over_o for_o though_o he_o may_v seem_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o chase_n to_o be_v draw_v to_o london_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v and_o that_o he_o rather_o seek_v after_o his_o enemy_n than_o it_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o perceive_v the_o crown_n in_o his_o power_n he_o dispute_v not_o the_o right_a although_o that_o be_v edgar_n but_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o long_o desire_a prey_n and_o yet_o he_o do_v it_o in_o a_o mannerly_a way_n as_o if_o he_o see_v in_o it_o somewhat_o more_o than_o gold_n and_o precious_a stone_n for_o though_o he_o may_v have_v take_v it_o by_o ravishment_n yet_o he_o choose_v the_o way_n of_o woo_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o mutual_a agreement_n thus_o this_o mighty_a conqueror_n suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v conquer_v and_o stoop_v under_o the_o law_n of_o a_o saxon_a king_n he_o become_v a_o king_n by_o leave_n wise_o foresee_v that_o a_o title_n get_v by_o election_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o be_v get_v by_o power_n chap._n xlv_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n be_v by_o election_n some_o there_o be_v that_o build_v their_o opinion_n upon_o passionate_a note_n of_o angry_a writer_n and_o do_v conclude_v that_o the_o duke_n way_n and_o title_n be_v whole_o by_o conquest_n and_o thence_o infer_v strange_a aphorism_n of_o state_n destructive_a to_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n let_v the_o reader_n please_v to_o peruse_v the_o ensue_a particular_n and_o thence_o conclude_v as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n it_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n be_v never_o further_o than_o the_o king_n thought_n if_o it_o ever_o enter_v therein_o else_o wherefore_o do_v he_o pretend_v other_o title_n to_o the_o world_n but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o his_o wisdom_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o pretend_v what_o he_o intend_v and_o yet_o in_o practice_n intend_v not_o at_o what_o he_o do_v pretend_v it_o will_v be_v the_o skill_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o consider_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o first_o william_n coronation_n and_o his_o succeed_a government_n his_o coronation_n questionless_a be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a king_n for_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o westminster_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n because_o he_o of_o canterbury_n be_v not_o canonical_a at_o his_o coronation_n he_o make_v a_o solemn_a covenant_n to_o observe_v those_o law_n which_o be_v bonae_fw-la &_o approbatae_fw-la &_o antique_a leges_fw-la regni_fw-la 190._o hoveden_n eadmer_n hist_o l._n 1._o p._n 13._o m._n paris_n vit_fw-fr gulielm_n malmsb_n l._n 3._o for_n 154._o wigorn._n an._n 1066._o glossar_n ll._n gul._n spicil_n 190._o to_o defend_v the_o church_n and_o church_n man_n to_o govern_v all_o the_o people_n just_o to_o make_v and_o maintain_v righteous_a law_n and_o to_o inhibit_v all_o spoil_n and_o unjust_a judgement_n the_o people_n also_o enter_v into_o covenant_n with_o he_o that_o as_o well_o within_o the_o land_n as_o without_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n king_n william_n and_o in_o every_o place_n to_o keep_v with_o all_o fidelity_n his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o and_o against_o enemy_n and_o stranger_n to_o defend_v it_o be_v the_o selfsame_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o fealty_n that_o the_o saxon_n make_v to_o their_o king_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o paralel_v they_o both_o together_o the_o saxon_n be_v swear_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n against_o stranger_n and_o enemy_n together_o with_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o preserve_v his_o land_n and_o honour_n together_o with_o he_o with_o all_o faithfulness_n so_o as_o by_o the_o saxon_a way_n the_o allegiance_n first_o terminate_v on_o the_o kingdom_n and_o then_o as_o in_o order_n thereunto_o upon_o the_o king_n with_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n but_o the_o norman_a either_o whole_o omit_v the_o first_o as_o needless_a to_o be_v insert_v in_o a_o municipal_a law_n itself_o be_v a_o law_n in_o nature_n or_o else_o include_v all_o within_o the_o word_n land_n and_o honour_n take_v the_o same_o in_o a_o comprehensive_a sense_n for_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o make_v up_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n in_o few_o figure_n which_o may_v seem_v the_o more_o probable_a of_o the_o twain_o because_o little_a reason_n can_v be_v render_v why_o the_o king_n shall_v restrain_v that_o defence_n to_o his_o private_a land_n if_o he_o claim_v all_o by_o conquest_n when_o as_o all_o equal_o concern_v he_o or_o why_o he_o shall_v exclude_v the_o public_a when_o as_o both_o himself_o and_o all_o he_o have_v be_v embark_v therein_o and_o it_o may_v subsist_v without_o he_o but_o contrary_o not_o he_o without_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o my_o understanding_n nor_o do_v the_o thing_n enter_v into_o the_o king_n purpose_n if_o the_o file_n of_o his_o purpose_n be_v right_o consider_v for_o speak_v concern_v castle_n burrough_n and_o city_n which_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o limb_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o say_v that_o they_o be_v build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o people_n and_o kingdom_n be_v this_o the_o service_n of_o wall_n and_o fortification_n 61._o ll._n gul._n spicil_n 61._o and_o not_o much_o rather_o of_o man_n within_o those_o place_n of_o strength_n certain_o the_o plain_a english_a be_v that_o in_o time_n of_o breach_n of_o public_a quiet_a and_o peace_n the_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o order_n thereto_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o the_o king_n right_o include_v in_o the_o public_a defence_n else_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a conclusion_n that_o each_o man_n in_o particular_a and_o in_o their_o own_o person_n alone_o be_v bind_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n right_a but_o be_v embody_a the_o kingdom_n and_o yet_o more_o clear_o its_o apparent_a in_o that_o the_o service_n of_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a strength_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o those_o day_n be_v determine_v upon_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n 1213._o m._n paris_n an._n 1100_o 1213._o and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o which_o be_v more_o plain_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n in_o or_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n expound_v the_o same_o 1._o stat._n 7._o e._n 1._o but_o not_o to_o force_v the_o king_n sense_n by_o argument_n if_o the_o king_n have_v purposely_o omit_v that_o clause_n of_o the_o kingdom_n safety_n as_o of_o inferior_a regard_n to_o his_o own_o personal_a interest_n it_o be_v one_o of_o his_o rashe_v digression_n wherein_o he_o soon_o espy_v his_o error_n for_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o strong_a and_o conquer_a army_n he_o hold_v himself_o unassure_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o better_a foundation_n then_o that_o which_o must_v change_v with_o the_o life_n of_o a_o few_o at_o the_o utmost_a and_o therefore_o beside_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n former_o mention_v he_o establish_v a_o law_n of_o association_n that_o all_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v swear_v brethren_n 59_o ll._n gulielm_n spicil_n 59_o 1._o to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n with_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n against_o all_o enemy_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n 2._o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o crown_n 3._o to_o maintain_v right_a and_o justice_n by_o all_o mean_n without_o deceit_n and_o delay_n join_v then_o these_o two_o oath_n together_o viz._n that_o of_o fealty_n and_o this_o of_o fraternity_n and_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v that_o the_o allegiance_n of_o the_o english_a to_o the_o norman_a king_n be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o may_v stand_v with_o brotherhood_n and_o tender_a regard_n of_o the_o public_a above_o all_o and_o differ_v from_o the_o saxon_a fealty_n only_o in_o this_o that_o that_o be_v in_o one_o oath_n &_o this_o in_o two_o wherefore_o whatsoever_o respect_v steer_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o king_n course_n it_o be_v less_o material_a so_o long_o as_o the_o van_n be_v right_a albeit_o that_o the_o sequel_n will_v prove_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o premise_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o whole_a account_n thus_o enter_v the_o first_o norman_n upon_o the_o saxon_a throne_n and_o as_o he_o have_v some_o colour_n of_o right_a to_o countenance_v his_o course_n rufus_n william_n rufus_n so_o have_v his_o son_n his_o father_n last_o will_n and_o yet_o he_o have_v as_o little_a right_n as_o he_o this_o be_v william_n rufus_n that_o be_v of_o his_o father_n way_n but_o of_o a_o deep_o die_v and_o therefore_o may_v well_o be_v call_v william_n rufus_n or_o william_n in_o grain_n he_o be_v exceed_v happy_a in_o the_o fear_n or_o favour_n of_o the_o
which_o as_o some_o think_v be_v make_v advantageous_o for_o the_o pope_n himself_o in_o point_n of_o tenure_n but_o more_o probable_o in_o the_o covenant_n for_o the_o conqueror_n be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o seat_n but_o the_o canon_n law_n begin_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o voice_n of_o a_o royal_a law_n 4._o spicil_n 167._o fox_n mart._n l._n 4._o first_o complain_v of_o misgovernment_n as_o if_o the_o church_n be_v extreme_o wrong_v by_o have_v the_o same_o way_n and_o law_n of_o trial_n with_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n and_o then_o propound_v four_o several_a expedient_n enough_o to_o have_v undo_v the_o whole_a commonweal_n in_o the_o very_a entrance_n have_v not_o the_o superstition_n of_o those_o time_n blind_v both_o parliament_n and_o people_n and_o render_v they_o willing_a with_o that_o which_o their_o successor_n in_o future_a age_n often_o repent_v of_o no_o offence_n against_o the_o bishop_n law_n shall_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o hundred_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n church_n matter_n have_v the_o pre-eminence_n both_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o in_o the_o county_n and_o it_o be_v the_o bishop_n duty_n to_o join_v with_o the_o sheriff_n in_o those_o court_n to_o direct_v and_o see_v to_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o yet_o the_o canon_n have_v be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n forego_v in_o the_o negative_a no_o case_n concern_v the_o regiment_n of_o soul_n shall_v be_v bring_v before_o the_o secular_a judge_n the_o regiment_n of_o soul_n be_v a_o common_a place_n sufficient_a to_o contain_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o order_n thereunto_o and_o so_o every_o one_o that_o have_v a_o soul_n must_v be_v no_o more_o responsal_n unto_o the_o temporal_a judge_n for_o any_o matter_n concern_v it_o but_o unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a power_n and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o case_n of_o scandal_n as_o against_o the_o moral_a law_n or_o rule_n of_o faith_n but_o for_o disobedience_n do_v to_o the_o canon_n make_v afar_o off_o concern_v any_o gesture_n or_o garb_n that_o may_v come_v within_o the_o savour_n of_o a_o ecclesiastical_a conceit_n that_o all_o delinquent_n against_o the_o bishop_n law_n shall_v answer_v the_o fact_n in_o a_o place_n appoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n to_o that_o end_n so_o as_o now_o the_o bishop_n have_v get_v a_o court_n by_o the_o statute_n law_n that_o have_v former_o no_o other_o card_n to_o show_v but_o that_o of_o the_o canon_n and_o a_o court_n of_o such_o place_n as_o the_o bishop_n shall_v appoint_v however_o inconvenient_a for_o distance_n or_o uncertainty_n it_o be_v that_o the_o trial_n of_o such_o matter_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o canon_n and_o not_o according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o hundred_o that_o be_v not_o by_o jury_n but_o by_o witness_n in_o a_o clandestine_v way_n if_o the_o bishop_n please_v or_o without_o any_o accuser_n or_o by_o more_o scrutiny_n or_o any_o other_o way_n that_o may_v reserve_v the_o lay_v man_n to_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o prepossessed_a spirit_n of_o the_o spiritual_a judge_n and_o thus_o the_o poor_a countryman_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o a_o unknown_a law_n in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n by_o a_o unknown_a way_n wherein_o they_o have_v no_o foot_n but_o by_o a_o implicit_a faith_n and_o herein_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n i_o imagine_v be_v more_o manifest_a than_o the_o wisdom_n of_o man_n which_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o foresee_v event_n at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n for_o questionless_a it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o excellent_a wisdom_n for_o the_o people_n now_o under_o a_o king_n of_o a_o rugged_a nature_n that_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o catch_v whatsoever_o he_o can_v get_v to_o deposit_v part_n of_o their_o liberty_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o who_o moderation_n may_v be_v expect_v as_o from_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n and_o as_o partner_n in_o one_o ship_n mutual_a engagement_n to_o withstand_v the_o wave_n of_o prerogative_n of_o king_n that_o seldom_o rest_v till_o it_o break_v all_o bank_n and_o sometime_o over-reache_n its_o own_o guard_n and_o can_v return_v when_o it_o will_v and_o thus_o it_o fall_v out_o for_o many_o time_n the_o pope_n and_o clergy_n become_v protector_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o keep_v they_o safe_a from_o the_o rage_n of_o king_n until_o the_o time_n of_o restitution_n shall_v come_v and_o become_v not_o only_o a_o wall_n of_o defence_n to_o the_o one_o but_o a_o rock_n of_o offence_n to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o triple_a crown_n can_v never_o solder_v with_o the_o english_a nor_o it_o with_o that_o the_o strife_n be_v for_o prerogative_n wherein_o if_o the_o clergy_n gain_v the_o crown_n lose_v and_o no_o moderation_n will_v be_v allow_v for_o the_o conquer_a king_n be_v scarce_o warm_a in_o his_o throne_n when_o as_o the_o pope_n demand_v fealty_n of_o he_o for_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 1068._o spicil_n 164_o baronus_fw-la anal._n a_o 1068._o and_o the_o king_n own_o good_a archbishop_n and_o friend_n lanfranke_a deliver_v the_o message_n as_o also_o anselme_n do_v afterward_o to_o william_n rufus_n which_o though_o king_n have_v courage_n enough_o to_o deny_v yet_o it_o show_v plain_o that_o the_o pope_n mean_v no_o less_o game_n than_o crown-glieke_n with_o the_o king_n and_o people_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n hold_v the_o card_n for_o the_o pope_n while_o in_o the_o interim_n he_o oversee_v all_o the_o norman_a king_n thus_o brave_v pay_v the_o pope_n in_o their_o own_o coin_n and_o refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v any_o pope_n but_o such_o as_o be_v first_o allow_v by_o their_o concurrence_n 25._o edmer_n hist_o l._n 1._o p._n 25._o thus_o have_v we_o the_o second_o bravado_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n for_o as_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o full_o enter_v as_o it_o seem_v the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n its_o true_a be_v general_a yet_o their_o sense_n be_v leave_v to_o time_n to_o expound_v and_o the_o course_n of_o succeed_a affair_n nevertheless_o pass_v with_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la for_o whereas_o in_o those_o day_n the_o clergy_n claim_v both_o legislative_a and_o executory_a power_n in_o church_n matter_n the_o norman_n will_v allow_v of_o neither_o but_o claim_v both_o as_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o imperial_a power_n of_o this_o island_n original_o and_o only_o as_o touch_v the_o legislative_a power_n its_o evident_a that_o notwithstanding_o the_o canon_n that_o have_v long_o before_o this_o time_n vote_v the_o laity_n from_o have_v to_o do_v with_o church_n matter_n yet_o the_o norman_a king_n will_v never_o allow_v to_o the_o metropolitan_o the_o power_n of_o call_v synod_n nor_o such_o meeting_n 163._o edmer_n hist_o p._n 6._o &_o 24._o spicil_n 163._o but_o by_o their_o leave_n although_o it_o be_v earnest_o contend_v for_o neither_o can_v the_o clergy_n prevail_v to_o exclude_v the_o laity_n out_o of_o their_o synod_n be_v assemble_v nor_o from_o their_o wont_a privilege_n of_o vote_v therein_o albeit_o that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o canon_n it_o have_v be_v contradict_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o king_n concern_v these_o and_o other_o matter_n grow_v so_o hot_a that_o king_n like_v not_o to_o have_v any_o synod_n or_o meeting_n of_o public_a council_n pap_n epist_n ad_fw-la pascal_n pap_n and_o archbishop_n anselme_n complain_v that_o william_n rufus_n will_v not_o allow_v any_o to_o be_v call_v for_o thirteen_o year_n together_o which_o by_o the_o file_n of_o story_n compare_v with_o that_o epistle_n make_v up_o the_o king_n whole_a reign_n and_o this_o be_v questionless_a the_o cause_n that_o we_o find_v so_o little_a touch_n upon_o parliamentary_a assembly_n in_o the_o norman_a time_n king_n be_v too_o high_a to_o be_v control_v and_o bishop_n too_o proud_a to_o obey_v but_o necessity_n of_o state_n like_v unto_o fate_n prevail_v against_o all_o other_o interest_n whatsoever_o and_o the_o wisdom_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o in_o this_o prevail_v above_o that_o of_o his_o predecessor_n as_o far_o as_o their_o will_n be_v beyond_o he_o for_o it_o be_v bootless_a for_o he_o to_o hold_v out_o against_o the_o church_n that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o confirm_v to_o he_o that_o which_o common_a right_n as_o then_o it_o be_v take_v deny_v he_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o cost_v he_o much_o trouble_n with_o anselme_n he_o recontinue_a the_o liberty_n of_o public_a consultation_n and_o yet_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n and_o honour_n seemly_a well_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o clear_v this_o by_o particular_n for_o beside_o the_o public_a consultation_n at_o his_o entrance_n and_o twice_o after_o that_o for_o supply_v or_o aid_n for_o his_o war_n and_o the_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n with_o the_o emperor_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n
in_o fifteen_o manor_n two_o township_n with_o many_o liberty_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o a_o county_n court_n and_o that_o the_o sentence_n be_v allow_v and_o commend_v by_o the_o king_n and_o submit_v to_o by_o all_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o hundred_o court_n court_n hundred_o court_n of_o which_o there_o be_v by_o the_o norman_n allow_v two_o sort_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n this_o be_v former_o call_v the_o tear_v and_o be_v the_o sheriff_n court_n hereof_o little_a notice_n be_v take_v 8._o ll._n hen_n 1_o c_o 8._o save_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o its_o work_n seem_v to_o be_v much_o design_v to_o the_o view_n of_o free_a pledge_n but_o the_o more_o ordinary_a court_n be_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o unto_o who_o also_o belong_v the_o fine_n in_o case_n there_o concern_v this_o court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o in_o each_o month_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n hen._n 1_o c._n 7._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 42._o and_o no_o suit_n to_o be_v begin_v in_o the_o king_n court_n that_o regular_o aught_o to_o begin_v in_o the_o hund_n ed._n no_o distringas_fw-la shall_v issue_v forth_o till_o three_o demand_n make_v in_o the_o hundred_o and_o three_o distress_n shall_v then_o issue_v forth_o and_o if_o upon_o the_o four_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o execution_n shall_v be_v by_o sale_n of_o the_o distress_n and_o the_o complainant_n shall_v receive_v satisfaction_n but_o by_o the_o latter_a law_n of_o the_o same_o king_n there_o be_v but_o two_o summons_n allow_v and_o then_o two_o distress_n 64._o ll._n hen_n 1._o c._n 64._o and_o in_o case_n no_o appearance_n be_v execution_n shall_v be_v for_o the_o complainant_n and_o for_o the_o king_n fine_a 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o last_o as_o the_o case_n concern_v either_o person_n or_o place_n sometime_o they_o use_v to_o join_v several_a hundred_o together_o into_o one_o court_n but_o this_o be_v by_o special_a commission_n or_o writ_n as_o touch_v inferior_a court_n of_o tow_n and_o manor_n there_o be_v little_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v 7._o court_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o be_v of_o too_o private_a a_o regard_n to_o come_v into_o fame_n in_o those_o rough_a time_n yet_o in_o henry_n the_o fir_v law_n be_v order_v that_o town_n court_n shall_v meet_v every_o month_n and_o that_o lord_n shall_v hold_v plea_n either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o steward_n and_o that_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o that_o parish_n with_o four_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n and_o the_o minister_n or_o parish_n priest_n shall_v join_v their_o assistance_n in_o that_o work_n but_o in_o nothing_o more_o do_v the_o norman_a king_n show_v their_o paternal_a love_n to_o the_o commonweal_n decenner_n decenner_n then_o in_o the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n for_o as_o of_o all_o other_o beauty_n it_o suffer_v most_o blemish_n from_o the_o storm_n of_o the_o norman_a invasion_n so_o be_v it_o their_o especial_a care_n to_o renew_v the_o life_n thereof_o not_o now_o among_o the_o native_n only_o but_o join_v the_o norman_n to_o the_o saxon_n in_o the_o same_o bond_n of_o brotherhood_n utter_o drown_v thereby_o all_o memory_n of_o lordly_a power_n and_o so_o of_o divers_a people_n make_v one_o conquer_v even_o conquest_n itself_o if_o any_o be_v and_o make_v all_o joynt-partner_n in_o one_o common_a liberty_n 8._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 8._o every_o free_a man_n must_v be_v under_o pledge_n to_o satisfy_v justice_n in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n over_o every_o nine_o person_n under_o pledge_n there_o must_v be_v one_o man_n in_o authority_n view_v of_o free_a pledge_n must_v be_v to_o see_v that_o the_o decennary_n be_v full_a and_o if_o any_o be_v depart_v to_o inquire_v the_o cause_n and_o if_o any_o be_v come_v in_o whether_o he_o be_v under_o pledge_n or_o not_o and_o thus_o the_o norman_a king_n have_v their_o people_n under_o treble_a guard_n one_o of_o fealty_n the_o other_o of_o association_n and_o the_o three_o that_o of_o pledge_n and_o all_o little_a enough_o to_o secure_v that_o which_o they_o in_o their_o own_o conscience_n may_v have_v some_o cause_n to_o question_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o they_o or_o not_o chap._n xlix_o of_o the_o immunity_n of_o the_o saxon_a free_a man_n under_o the_o norman_a government_n the_o freedom_n of_o a_o english_a man_n consist_v in_o three_o particular_n first_o in_o ownership_n of_o what_o he_o have_v second_o in_o vote_v any_o law_n whereby_o that_o ownership_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o three_o in_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o that_o judicatory_a power_n that_o must_v apply_v that_o law_n now_o that_o the_o english_a under_o the_o norman_n enjoy_v all_o this_o freedom_n unto_o each_o man_n own_o particular_a beside_o what_o they_o have_v in_o body_n aggregate_v may_v appear_v as_o follow_v the_o free_a man_n of_o england_n be_v such_o as_o either_o join_v in_o the_o war_n with_o harold_n against_o the_o norman_n or_o such_o as_o absent_v themselves_o from_o the_o way_n of_o opposition_n or_o enmity_n and_o be_v either_o wait_v upon_o their_o own_o affair_n or_o side_v with_o the_o norman_n and_o questionless_a all_o the_o sadness_n of_o the_o war_n befall_v the_o first_o sort_n of_o the_o english_a who_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o make_v the_o way_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n william_n regular_a and_o of_o one_o piece_n never_o fall_v so_o low_a as_o to_o come_v under_o the_o law_n or_o rather_o the_o will_n of_o conquest_n but_o in_o their_o worst_a condition_n be_v in_o truth_n within_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n for_o treason_n against_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o claim_n be_v by_o title_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v the_o other_o sort_n either_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o norman_n friend_n or_o for_o aught_o appear_v so_o be_v and_o so_o never_o offend_v the_o law_n never_o suffer_v any_o penalty_n but_o hold_v their_o person_n and_o possession_n still_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o law_n as_o ancient_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v do_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o norman_n meaning_n they_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o the_o world_n in_o a_o fundamental_a law_n whereby_o be_v grant_v 55._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 55._o that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o and_o by_o this_o be_v secure_v against_o forfeiture_n they_o be_v further_o save_v from_o all_o wrong_n by_o the_o same_o law_n which_o provide_v that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o well_o or_o quiet_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a tax_n and_o from_o all_o tallage_n so_o as_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v nor_o take_v but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o by_o right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v this_o be_v expound_v in_o the_o law_n of_o h._n 1._o cap._n 4._o that_o no_o tribute_n or_o tax_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o what_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n under_o the_o word_n tax_n be_v understand_v monetagium_fw-la commune_v per_fw-la civitates_fw-la or_o comitatus_fw-la so_o as_o aide_n and_o escuage_n be_v not_o include_v for_o they_o be_v not_o charge_v upon_o county_n and_o city_n but_o upon_o tenor_n in_o knight-service_n nor_o be_v dane_n grelt_v hereby_o take_v away_o for_o that_o be_v a_o tax_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o grant_v by_o parliament_n so_o then_o the_o norman_a king_n claim_v no_o other_o right_n in_o the_o land_n and_o possesson_n of_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n then_o under_o and_o by_o the_o law_n or_o common_a right_n and_o they_o conclude_v the_o law_n with_o a_o sicut_fw-la which_o i_o thus_o english_a as_o it_o be_v enact_v to_o they_o or_o agree_v by_o they_o and_o unto_o they_o by_o we_o give_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o common-council_n of_o our_o whole_a kingdom_n nostri_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-fr eye_n &_o illis_fw-la à _fw-la nobis_fw-la datum_fw-la &_o concessum_fw-la per_fw-la common_a concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la i_o leave_v the_o word_n to_o be_v criticize_v upon_o as_o the_o reader_n shall_v please_v be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o most_o strain_a sense_n can_v reach_v no_o further_o then_o to_o make_v it_o sound_v as_o a_o estoppell_n or_o conclusion_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o make_v any_o further_a claim_n unto_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n then_o by_o law_n or_o right_n be_v warrantable_a under_o which_o notion_n conquest_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v come_v as_o shall_v more_o full_o be_v manifest_v hereafter_o but_o
circumspect_a agatis_fw-la for_o in_o such_o case_n the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n have_v cognisance_n notwithstanding_o the_o king_n prohibition_n it_o be_v therefore_o neither_o grant_n nor_o release_n but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o covenant_n that_o the_o clergy_n shall_v hold_v peaceable_a possession_n of_o what_o 〈◊〉_d have_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o the_o king_n prohibition_n have_v no_o place_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o spiritual_a so_o as_o hereby_o the_o clergy_n get_v a_o judgement_n against_o the_o crown_n by_o confession_n and_o a_o estopell_n upon_o this_o maxim_n that_o spiritual_a thing_n belong_v to_o spiritual_a man_n into_o which_o rank_n the_o king_n person_n can_v come_v thus_o think_v they_o but_o what_o be_v spiritual_a cause_n and_o why_o so_o call_v be_v they_o such_o as_o concern_v spiritual_a person_n and_o thing_n this_o be_v the_o old_a way_n mark_n but_o if_o we_o bring_v into_o this_o category_n adultery_n fornication_n incest_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v mar_v all_o linwood_n tell_v we_o that_o mere_a spiritualia_fw-la be_v such_o as_o be_v sine_fw-la mixtura_fw-la temporalium_fw-la there_o may_v be_v somewhat_o in_o this_o though_o i_o can_v find_v it_o nor_o can_v i_o make_v out_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o term_n any_o other_o way_n but_o to_o limit_v it_o to_o such_o thing_n which_o by_o common_a custom_n the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n have_v cognisance_n of_o for_o otherwise_o neither_o king_n nor_o law_n ever_o intend_v it_o to_o be_v expound_v by_o the_o canon_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o intent_n of_o this_o writ_n law_n or_o licence_n call_v it_o what_o you_o will_v thus_o to_o conclude_v as_o the_o particular_n follow_v will_v manifest_v fornication_n adultery_n and_o such_o like_v punish_v sometime_o upon_o the_o body_n and_o sometime_o upon_o the_o purse_n these_o crime_n the_o saxon_n punish_v by_o the_o temporal_a power_n as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v the_o norman_n continue_v this_o course_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v the_o conqueror_n law_n which_o give_v the_o fine_a in_o such_o case_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 371._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 14_o 19_o 371._o and_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o continue_v it_o as_o the_o clergy_n own_o complaint_n just_a or_o unjust_a do_v witness_v and_o what_o course_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n steven_n and_o john_n be_v to_o i_o unknown_a 28._o m._n paris_n addit_fw-la foe_fw-mi 201._o art_n 28._o nor_o be_v it_o much_o to_o be_v regard_v see_v the_o latter_a do_v he_o care_v not_o what_o and_o the_o former_a to_o gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o clergy_n regard_v not_o what_o he_o do_v the_o custom_n therefore_o can_v be_v make_v good_a for_o the_o clergy_n much_o less_o to_o punish_v the_o body_n of_o freeman_n in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n never_o ask_v by_o the_o clergy_n former_o nor_o no_o complaint_n before_o now_o for_o denial_n for_o my_o part_n therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o apprehend_v it_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n than_o the_o king_n writ_n which_o in_o those_o day_n go_v forth_o at_o random_n if_o the_o 44_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n forego_v be_v true_a it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d so_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o parliament_n to_o give_v the_o body_n of_o the_o free_a man_n to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o who_o they_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o free_a hold_n but_o the_o writ_n proceed_v in_o enumeration_n of_o particular_n reparation_n and_o adorn_n of_o church_n and_o fence_n of_o churchyard_n violence_n do_v to_o a_o clerk_n defamation_n to_o reform_v not_o to_o give_v damage_n perjury_n oblation_n payment_n of_o tithe_n between_o rector_n and_o parishioner_n right_o of_o tithe_n between_o two_o rector_n to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o value_n mortuary_n due_a by_o custom_n a_o pension_n from_o a_o rector_n to_o a_o prelate_n or_o advocate_n the_o most_o of_o which_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o a_o prohibition_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o be_v king_n but_o yesterday_o as_o the_o article_n of_o complaint_n former_o set_v down_o do_v manifest_a nor_o have_v the_o clergy_n ever_o better_a title_n than_o connivance_n of_o some_o such_o favourite_n as_o king_n steven_n who_o act_n may_v peradventure_o be_v urge_v against_o king_n but_o not_o against_o the_o people_n unless_o their_o own_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v to_o warrant_v it_o the_o learning_n in_o the_o prince_n case_n will_v i_o suppose_v admit_v of_o a_o difference_n 8._o coke_n lib._n 8._o for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v make_v out_o that_o the_o king_n council_n in_o parliament_n be_v the_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la but_o only_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o pass_v in_o parliament_n by_o their_o only_a advice_n may_v bind_v the_o king_n but_o can_v never_o reach_v the_o commons_o nor_o their_o liberty_n and_o thus_o the_o grand_a charter_n in_o the_o first_o conception_n be_v conclusive_a to_o the_o king_n but_o be_v not_o the_o act_n of_o the_o parliament_n because_o the_o parliament_n can_v grant_v a_o charter_n to_o itself_o of_o that_o which_o be_v originaly_a custom_n and_o therefore_o this_o law_n however_o countenance_v can_v never_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v other_o than_o a_o permission_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v never_o the_o act_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n but_o because_o its_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o free_a man_n and_o it_o be_v beyond_o all_o imagination_n that_o the_o commons_o shall_v out_o themselves_o from_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o yoke_n themselves_o their_o free_a hold_n and_o estate_n under_o the_o bondage_n of_o the_o canon_n nor_o ought_v such_o a_o construction_n to_o be_v admit_v without_o express_a word_n to_o warrant_v it_o as_o for_o the_o conclusion_n it_o be_v much_o worfe_n and_o not_o only_o dishonourable_a to_o the_o king_n in_o bind_v his_o arm_n from_o protect_v his_o subject_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o so_o in_o some_o respect_n make_v they_o outlaw_n but_o dishonourable_a to_o itself_o while_o it_o make_v prohibition_n ground_v upon_o law_n to_o be_v nullity_n by_o a_o late_a trick_n of_o nonobstante_a which_o be_v first_o take_v up_o by_o the_o pope_n then_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o and_o by_o this_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o thus_o be_v all_o set_v at_o liberty_n from_o any_o rule_n but_o that_o of_o licentiousness_n nevertheless_o this_o law_n do_v thrive_v according_o for_o we_o find_v scarce_o any_o footstep_n in_o story_n of_o any_o regard_n have_v thereof_o till_o it_o become_v gray_a head_v for_o it_o be_v not_o long_o ere_o the_o king_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o money_n and_o be_v necessitate_v to_o try_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o clergy_n more_o than_o once_o this_o occasion_v they_o to_o be_v slow_a in_o answer_n and_o in_o conclusion_n to_o deny_v that_o they_o shall_v aid_v the_o king_n with_o any_o more_o money_n winchelsy_n antiq._n brit._n vit_fw-mi winchelsy_n papa_n inconsulto_fw-la the_o king_n hereupon_o disavow_v the_o clergy_n and_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o romish_a oppression_n which_o be_v many_o and_o then_o the_o clergy_n rub_v up_o all_o old_a sore_n and_o exhibit_v their_o complaint_n to_o their_o holy_a father_n 1306._o baronus_fw-la annal_n an._n 1306._o to_o this_o effect_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n justice_n intermeddle_v in_o testamentary_a cause_n account_n of_o executor_n and_o cognisance_n of_o tithe_n especial_o to_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o live_n 2._o that_o the_o clergy_n be_v charge_v to_o the_o king_n carriage_n that_o the_o king_n mill_n be_v discharge_v from_o pay_v of_o tithe_n that_o clerk_n attend_v on_o the_o exchequer_n be_v necessitate_v to_o nonresidency_a and_o that_o after_o their_o decease_n their_o good_n be_v seize_v till_o their_o account_n be_v make_v that_o ecclesiastical_a possession_n be_v waste_v during_o vacancy_n 3._o that_o clerk_n be_v admit_v to_o free_a chapel_n by_o lay_v man_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n justice_n take_v cognisance_n of_o usury_n defamation_n violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n sacrilege_n oblation_n fence_n of_o the_o churchyard_n and_o mortuary_n 5._o that_o prohibition_n be_v grant_v without_o surmise_n 6._o that_o clerk_n be_v call_v to_o answer_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o crime_n and_o be_v acquit_v the_o informer_n escape_v without_o penalty_n 7._o that_o clerk_n be_v not_o allow_v their_o clergy_n 8._o that_o after_o purgation_n make_v clerk_n be_v question_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o the_o same_o offence_n 9_o that_o person_n in_o sanctuary_n be_v therein_o besiege_v 10._o that_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr cautione_n admittenda_fw-la issue_v forth_o although_o the_o church_n be_v not_o satisfy_v and_o excommunicate_a person_n be_v imprison_v be_v enlarge_v in_o
in_o edward_n the_o fir_v time_n by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la and_o article_n concern_v prohibition_n the_o difference_n be_v make_v between_o damage_n and_o pray_v reformatione_fw-la and_o the_o same_o affirm_v by_o this_o law_n and_o so_o the_o matter_n settle_v and_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o some_o measure_n satisfy_v 4._o cap._n 4._o defamation_n within_o cognisance_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o corporal_a penance_n therefore_o and_o commutation_n the_o word_n be_v general_a and_o peremptory_a with_o a_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o king_n prohibition_n and_o yet_o the_o law_n afterward_o restrain_v the_o sense_n to_o defamation_n for_o crime_n or_o offence_n triable_a in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o this_o give_v further_a satisfactin_n to_o the_o four_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n forego_v 5._o cap._n 5._o tithe_n of_o new_a mill_n may_v be_v recover_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n this_o tithe_n of_o mils_n be_v a_o new_a encroach_v tithe_n never_o mention_v in_o any_o former_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o demand_v by_o the_o synod_n at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1173._o which_v mention_n fruit_n tree_n young_a brood_n of_o live_a creature_n that_o be_v tame_a herbage_n butter_n cheese_n with_o other_o particular_n but_o mention_n not_o new_a mils_n it_o be_v true_a that_o ancient_o mill_n pay_v tithe_n but_o such_o they_o be_v which_o be_v ancient_a and_o have_v pay_v the_o same_o by_o custom_n and_o such_o as_o by_o law_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v give_v a_o rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la but_o by_o the_o second_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n next_o forego_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n mill_n refuse_v to_o pay_v this_o tithe_n now_o whether_o the_o new_a mill_n be_v call_v the_o king_n mill_n as_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o public_a stream_n by_o the_o king_n licence_n or_o whether_o the_o mill_n new_o make_v within_o the_o demesne_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v insist_v upon_o but_o its_o evident_a that_o till_o this_o law_n make_v the_o new_a mill_n will_v not_o tithe_v their_o labour_n one_o and_o the_o same_o matter_n may_v be_v try_v at_o the_o common_a law_n after_o sentence_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n in_o divers_a respect_n 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o great_a sore_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o be_v that_o the_o clergy_n after_o purgation_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n make_v be_v proceed_v against_o in_o the_o king_n court_n in_o case_n of_o breach_n of_o peace_n or_o felony_n as_o may_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o 16_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n first_o complaint_n and_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o that_o take_v out_o of_o baronius_n nevertheless_o the_o present_a law_n subjoin_v a_o example_n of_o the_o question_v a_o lay_v man_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n in_o case_n of_o violence_n do_v to_o a_o clerk_n as_o a_o matter_n which_o may_v be_v try_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o yet_o review_v by_o the_o king_n court_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr excommunicato_fw-la deliberando_fw-la shall_v not_o issue_v forth_o but_o upon_o evident_a breach_n of_o the_o king_n liberty_n 7._o cap._n 7._o this_o may_v be_v intend_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o baronius_n and_o the_o ten_o article_n in_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n first_o recite_v although_o that_o complaint_n both_o in_o the_o 10_o 11_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n seem_v to_o be_v but_o clamour_n upon_o officer_n and_o not_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n clerk_n officer_n to_o the_o exchequer_n be_v to_o be_v correct_v by_o their_o ordinary_n 8._o cap._n 8._o and_o yet_o not_o tie_v to_o residence_n during_o their_o attendance_n on_o the_o exchequer_n this_o be_v in_o part_n a_o answer_n to_o the_o second_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n last_o complaint_n and_o a_o justification_n thereof_o as_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la clergy_n man_n good_n shall_v not_o be_v distrain_v either_o in_o the_o high_a way_n or_o sanctuary_n ground_n 9_o cap._n 9_o unless_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o late_a purchase_n the_o complaint_n exhibit_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o 8_o article_n be_v only_o in_o ordinary_a personal_a action_n but_o in_o the_o complaint_n make_v in_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n article_n 12._o be_v that_o it_o be_v without_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v so_o distrain_v this_o law_n yield_v they_o somewhat_o viz._n immunity_n from_o distress_n within_o their_o ancient_a possession_n which_o have_v be_v by_o ancient_a custom_n privilege_v but_o yield_v nothing_o as_o touch_v their_o latter_a purchase_a land_n because_o they_o have_v no_o such_o custom_n 10._o cap._n 10._o high_a way_n and_o sanctuary_n shall_v be_v free_a for_o such_o as_o abjure_v so_o as_o they_o shall_v neither_o be_v restrain_v from_o liberty_n nor_o necessary_n keep_v from_o they_o felon_n may_v make_v free_a confession_n to_o the_o priest_n without_o danger_n the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 22_o article_n of_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o the_o nine_o in_o that_o of_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o be_v hereby_o relieve_v provide_v that_o the_o delinquent_n keep_v himself_o in_o due_a order_n 11._o cap._n 11._o house_n of_o religion_n shall_v not_o be_v oppress_v with_o corody_n pension_n or_o entertainment_n of_o great_a man_n this_o answer_v the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 42_o and_o 43_o of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o latter_a and_o in_o effect_n little_a other_o then_o what_o be_v former_o settle_v by_o west_n 1._o cap._n 1._o 12._o cap._n 12._o the_o king_n tenant_n may_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o ordinary_a out_o of_o their_o own_o town_n and_o if_o excommunicate_v for_o want_n of_o appearance_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr excommunicato_fw-la capiendo_fw-la shall_v be_v award_v a_o remedy_n this_o be_v against_o the_o grievance_n in_o the_o 12_o and_o 33_o article_n of_o the_o first_o complaint_n and_o in_o the_o 10_o article_n of_o the_o last_o schedule_n of_o complaint_n and_o thus_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o day_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n which_o they_o have_v be_v strive_v for_o ever_o since_o the_o conquest_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v former_o say_v and_o now_o the_o king_n tenant_n be_v in_o no_o better_a condition_n than_o other_o man_n viz._n they_o may_v now_o be_v excommunicate_v without_o the_o king_n licence_n nor_o be_v the_o answer_n nunquam_fw-la fuit_fw-la negatum_fw-la to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o point_n of_o excommunication_n for_o that_o power_n be_v deny_v they_o but_o unto_o the_o cite_n they_o out_o of_o their_o own_o parish_n which_o can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v deny_v to_o the_o clergy_n by_o any_o thing_n that_o yet_o appear_v a_o clerk_n present_v and_o find_v unable_a by_o the_o ordinary_n shall_v be_v try_v again_o by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a 13._o cap._n 13._o and_o not_o the_o lay_v judge_n although_o the_o fitness_n or_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o party_n present_v be_v to_o be_v examine_v by_o the_o ordinary_a yet_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v power_n in_o action_n bring_v to_o inquire_v and_o determine_v whether_o the_o ordinary_n work_n be_v right_o do_v and_o so_o the_o 17_o article_n of_o the_o last_o complaint_n answer_v election_n shall_v be_v free_a 14._o cap._n 14._o the_o law_n be_v of_o the_o same_o with_o this_o in_o the_o stat._n w._n 1._o cap._n 5._o which_o see_v before_o and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o time_n continue_v notwithstanding_o and_o so_o occasion_v the_o renew_n of_o this_o law_n a_o clerk_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o abjure_v 15._o cap._n 15._o nor_o after_o confession_n of_o the_o crime_n 16._o cap._n 16._o or_o appeal_n other_o before_o the_o secular_a judge_n shall_v be_v deny_v his_o clergy_n although_o the_o temporal_a court_n proceed_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o pass_v sentence_n against_o a_o clerk_n that_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n yet_o they_o proceed_v to_o inquiry_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o be_v say_v former_o concern_v the_o stat._n west_n 1._o cap._n 2._o and_o therefore_o though_o this_o law_n in_o the_o 15_o chap._n allow_v that_o a_o clerk_n in_o sanctuary_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o ecclesiastical_a liberty_n yet_o the_o word_n legi_fw-la regni_fw-la se_fw-la reddens_fw-la be_v interpose_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o king_n upon_o indictment_n find_v have_v right_a to_o the_o delinquent_n good_n and_o profit_n of_o his_o land_n until_o due_a purgation_n 34._o 7_o e._n 2._o fi_n tit_n forfeiture_n 34._o and_o then_o his_o land_n be_v by_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o again_o nor_o can_v any_o purgation_n regular_o
charter_n and_o other_o statute_n during_o the_o reign_v of_o these_o king_n shatter_v asunder_o by_o broil_n of_o civil_a war_n the_o free_a man_n have_v lay_v aside_o that_o regard_n of_o the_o ancient_a mutual_a covenant_n and_o bond_n of_o decenner_n be_v now_o become_v weak_a and_o almost_o enthral_v to_o the_o lust_n of_o king_n lord_n pope_n and_o english_a clergy_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o tax_n and_o tribute_n be_v many_o and_o new_a although_o most_o of_o they_o deserve_v not_o to_o march_v under_o any_o banner_n but_o the_o colour_n of_o oppression_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n save_o they_o from_o the_o worst_a tenure_n of_o all_o but_o the_o several_a interest_n of_o those_o superior_a power_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v justle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o thereby_o give_v the_o commons_o liberty_n to_o take_v breath_n so_o as_o though_o for_o the_o present_a they_o lose_v ground_n and_o hunt_v upon_o a_o cool_a send_v yet_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o prey_n within_o their_o view_n sometime_o they_o be_v cast_v far_o behind_o other_o time_n they_o recover_v themselves_o a_o truce_n be_v cry_v and_o law_n be_v make_v to_o moderate_v all_o and_o determine_v the_o bound_n of_o every_o one_o and_o thus_o come_v the_o grand_a charter_n into_o the_o public_a theatre_n the_o historian_n say_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n frame_v and_o yet_o by_o compare_v they_o together_o we_o find_v they_o disagree_v both_o in_o word_n and_o sense_n and_o therefore_o shall_v sum_v the_o same_o up_o as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o charter_n as_o i_o pass_v along_o the_o first_o chapter_n concern_v the_o church_n of_o which_o sufficient_a have_v be_v speak_v carta_fw-la mag._n carta_fw-la the_o free_a man_n shall_v enjoy_v these_o liberty_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o 2._o cap._n 2._o the_o heir_n in_o knightservice_n shall_v pay_v the_o ancient_a relief_n 3._o cap._n 3._o that_o relief_n be_v settle_v by_o the_o saxon_n have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o only_o in_o those_o time_n they_o be_v pay_v in_o horse_n arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o after_o time_n all_o be_v turn_v into_o money_n which_o be_v more_o beneficial_a for_o all_o 1_o cap._n 4._o vide_fw-la stat._n de_fw-fr wardis_n 28_o e._n 1_o lord_n shall_v have_v their_o ward_n body_n and_o land_n after_o homage_n receive_v until_o the_o full_a age_n though_o the_o ward_n be_v former_o knight_v 4._o glanvil_n lib_n 6._o cap._n 1._o &_o 4._o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n may_v seem_v more_o ancient_o seat_v in_o this_o kingdom_n than_o the_o norman_n time_n for_o if_o the_o statute_n of_o scotland_n bear_v any_o credit_n that_o law_n be_v in_o scotland_n before_o those_o time_n the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o have_v the_o wardship_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o tenure_n because_o it_o be_v they_o as_o a_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n concern_v distress_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o distrain_v till_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o service_n 7._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 6_o &_o 7._o and_o if_o by_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n the_o heir_n do_v hold_v the_o lord_n out_o of_o possession_n a_o writ_n of_o ward_n do_v lie_v against_o he_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o lord_n may_v seize_v the_o land_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o wardship_n per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr guard_n 3._o stat._n marlbr_n cap._n 16._o &_o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 3._o and_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v hold_v the_o wardship_n long_o than_o the_o full_a age_n of_o the_o heir_n a_o assize_n do_v lie_v against_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o heir_n can_v not_o enter_v without_o livery_n but_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancestor_n death_n the_o lord_n can_v not_o enter_v the_o land_n and_o yet_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o relief_n and_o the_o primer_n seisin_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n enter_v the_o land_n before_o homage_n do_v he_o gain_v no_o free_a hold_n 13._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 13._o though_o he_o be_v knight_v before_o as_o this_o law_n provide_v for_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o these_o time_n of_o civil_a war_n bring_v forth_o a_o trick_n of_o knight_v betimes_o as_o a_o honourable_a encouragement_n for_o young_a spark_n to_o enter_v the_o field_n before_o they_o be_v complete_a man_n of_o discretion_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n and_o yet_o reason_n may_v induce_v a_o conceit_n that_o he_o that_o be_v think_v meet_a to_o do_v knight_n service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n may_v expect_v the_o maintenance_n fit_a for_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o person_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o service_n grantee_n or_o their_o assign_n or_o committee_n of_o wardship_n shall_v preserve_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n from_o waste_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o the_o tenant_n from_o extortion_n they_o shall_v yield_v up_o the_o same_o stock_v if_o they_o receive_v they_o stock_v 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o law_n of_o common_a reason_n for_o its_o contrary_a to_o guardianship_n to_o destroy_v that_o which_o by_o their_o office_n they_o ought_v to_o preserve_v as_o touch_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n the_o grantee_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o also_o their_o assignee_n albeit_o that_o doubtless_o they_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o law_n the_o matter_n declare_v plain_o not_o only_a the_o oppession_n of_o lord_n upon_o their_o ward_n but_o also_o the_o corruption_n even_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o at_o the_o first_o aim_v at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a and_o honour_n of_o knightservice_n but_o now_o be_v degenerate_v into_o the_o base_a desire_n of_o profit_n by_o make_v market_n of_o the_o ward_n estate_n and_o marriage_n that_o bring_v in_o strip_v and_o waste_v of_o estate_n and_o niggardly_a neglect_n of_o the_o education_n and_o train_n up_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o a_o embase_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o mankind_n and_o spoil_n of_o time_n nor_o do_v these_o time_n ever_o espy_v or_o provide_v against_o the_o worst_a of_o these_o but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o save_v the_o estate_n by_o punish_v the_o waster_n in_o damage_n by_o this_o law_n and_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wardship_n by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o 5._o stat._n gloc._n cap._n 5._o and_o this_o as_o well_o for_o waste_v do_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o custody_n as_o in_o the_o life_n time_n of_o his_o ancestor_n by_o another_o law_n in_o edward_n the_o fir_v time_n 1._o stat._n de_fw-fr vasto_fw-la 20_o e._n 1._o and_o because_o the_o escheator_n and_o their_o under_a officer_n use_v to_o serve_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o minor_n before_o they_o certify_v to_o the_o king_n his_o right_n and_o those_o be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n of_o magna_n carta_n or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o repute_v 18._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 18._o it_o be_v therefore_o afterward_o provide_v that_o these_o also_o shall_v render_v damage_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o waist_n to_o be_v bring_v against_o they_o the_o marriage_n of_o ward_n shall_v be_v without_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n among_o the_o german_n and_o the_o saxon_n bring_v it_o hither_o germ._n tacitus_n mor._n germ._n and_o as_o a_o law_n settle_v it_o that_o marriage_n must_v be_v among_o equal_n but_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n slight_v it_o and_o yet_o it_o continue_v and_o be_v revive_v now_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o ward_n instead_o of_o the_o ancester_n so_o have_v he_o the_o care_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o ancester_n may_v have_v have_v if_o he_o have_v live_v for_o in_o case_n the_o ward_n be_v steal_v and_o marry_v the_o delinquent_n suffer_v fine_a and_o imprisonment_n or_o if_o the_o ward_n marry_v without_o the_o lord_n consent_v he_o shall_v have_v the_o double_a value_n 6._o s_o at_o merton_n cap._n 6._o and_o hold_v the_o land_n over_o till_o satisfaction_n but_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n marry_v the_o ward_n within_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o its_o disparagement_n 7._o cap._n 7._o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o wardship_n thereby_o and_o if_o the_o ward_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o marriage_n tender_v by_o the_o lord_n before_o her_o age_n of_o 16_o year_n 22._o west_n 1._o c._n 22._o the_o lord_n shall_v hold_v the_o land_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o full_a value_n and_o in_o case_n where_o one_o tenant_n hold_v of_o
shall_v find_v two_o complete_a horse_n and_o another_o order_n of_o aetheldred_n nigh_o 80_o year_n after_o differ_v from_o it_o assess_v upon_o every_o eight_o hide_n of_o land_n a_o helmet_n and_o a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o a_o hide_n be_v a_o plough_n land_n 97._o huntingdon_n an._n 1008._o ll._n canut_n 97._o or_o so_o much_o land_n as_o one_o plough_n can_v keep_v in_o tilthe_n one_o whole_a year_n and_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o nobleman_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o rank_n in_o horse_n helmet_n coat_n of_o mail_n lance_n shield_n and_o sword_n the_o mean_a of_o all_o which_o degree_n be_v call_v mediocris_fw-la thainus_n yield_v a_o relief_n equal_a to_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o knight_n in_o the_o time_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v viz._n one_o horse_n one_o helmet_n one_o coat_n of_o mail_n one_o lance_n one_o shield_n one_o sword_n all_o comprehend_v under_o arma_fw-la sva_fw-la as_o if_o he_o have_v a_o certain_a proper_a arm_n and_o the_o law_n concern_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o arm_n do_v in_o effect_n affirm_v the_o thing_n viz._n that_o all_o man_n be_v arm_v yet_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o law_n be_v not_o then_o so_o often_o make_v for_o the_o enforce_a this_o or_o that_o particular_a sort_n of_o arm_n in_o regard_n that_o till_o the_o norman_n time_n this_o island_n be_v trouble_v but_o seldom_o with_o any_o enemy_n from_o foreign_a part_n that_o bring_v any_o new_a sort_n of_o weapon_n into_o fashion_n the_o dane_n and_o norwegian_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o old_a acquaintance_n of_o they_o neither_o be_v the_o saxon_n as_o yet_o tame_v by_o any_o enemy_n so_o far_o as_o to_o beg_v a_o peace_n albeit_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v get_v they_o under_o but_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o english_a be_v somewhat_o overmatch_v in_o war_n incline_v more_o to_o husbandry_n and_o begin_v to_o lay_v aside_o their_o regard_n of_o arm_n and_o this_o occasion_v the_o king_n to_o make_v assessment_n of_o arm_n yet_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o saxon_n save_v that_o they_o urge_v the_o use_n of_o the_o bow_n more_o then_o former_o be_v use_v and_o thereby_o teach_v the_o conquer_v to_o conquer_v the_o conqueror_n in_o future_a age_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o assessment_n before_o this_o statute_n at_o wintin_n i_o find_v but_o two_o the_o first_o make_v by_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o the_o other_o by_o henry_n the_o three_o which_o together_o with_o that_o of_o this_o statute_n i_o parallel_v thus_o together_o in_o their_o own_o word_n hen._n 2._o hen._n 3._o stat._n wint._n  _fw-fr land_n good_n  _fw-fr knight_n fee_n 15_o librat_fw-la 60_o mark_n 15_o li._n land_n 40_o mark_n good_n loricam_fw-la caffidem_fw-la clipeum_fw-la lanceam_fw-la loricam_fw-la capellum_n ferri_fw-la gladium_fw-la cultellum_fw-la equum_fw-la loricam_fw-la capellum_n ferri_fw-la gladium_fw-la cultellum_fw-la equum_fw-la hauberk_n shapell_n de_fw-fr fer_fw-fr espee_fw-mi cotell_n chivall_n 16_o mark_n chatel_n rent_n 10_o librat_fw-la 40_o mark_n 10_o li._n land_n 20_o mark_n good_n halbergellum_fw-la capelletum_n ferri_fw-la lanceam_fw-la halburgettum_n capellum_n ferri_fw-la gladium_fw-la cultellum_fw-la halbertum_fw-la capellun_n ferreum_fw-la gladium_fw-la cultellum_fw-la hauberk_n shapell_n de_fw-fr ferr_v espee_fw-mi cotell_n 10_o mark_n chatel_n rent_n 100_o s._n 20_o mark_n 100_o s._n land_n wanbais_n capelletum_n ferri_fw-la lanceam_fw-la purpunctum_fw-la capellun_n ferreum_fw-la gladium_fw-la lanceam_fw-la cultellum_fw-la purpunctum_fw-la capellun_n ferreum_fw-la gladium_fw-la cultellum_fw-la purpoint_n shapell_n de_fw-fr ferr_v espee_fw-mi cotell_n  _fw-fr betwixt_o 5_o l._n &_o 40_n 9_o mark_n betwixt_o 5_o l._n &_o 40_o s._n  _fw-fr gladium_fw-la cultellum_fw-la arcum_fw-la &_o sagit_fw-la gladium_fw-la arcum_fw-la &_o sagit_fw-la cultellum_fw-la espee_fw-mi ark_n &_o sete_n cotels_fw-mi  _fw-fr under_o 40_o s._n under_o 9_o mark_n to_o 40_o s._n under_o 40_o s._n  _fw-fr falces_fw-la gisarmas_fw-la cultellos_fw-la etc._n etc._n falces_fw-la gisarmas_fw-la etc._n etc._n faulx_n gisarmes_n cotell_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr under_o 20_o mark_n good_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr espee_n cotel_v i_o have_v thus_o empale_v these_o three_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v the_o better_o discern_v how_o they_o relate_v each_o to_o other_o and_o so_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v the_o matter_n in_o the_o sum_n and_o i_o must_v explain_v three_o or_o four_o word_n in_o they_o as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o before_o i_o can_v bring_v up_o the_o conclusion_n because_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n have_v make_v some_o mistake_n the_o intent_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o force_v the_o same_o to_o a_o unwarrantable_a issue_n 6._o lipsius_n de_fw-fr milit_fw-la rom._n lib_n 3._o dialog_n 6._o lorica_fw-la signify_v that_o piece_n of_o armour_n that_o defend_v the_o breast_n or_o forepart_n of_o the_o body_n and_o sometime_o be_v make_v 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in_o one_o of_o the_o writ_n publish_v by_o the_o historian_n the_o express_a assessment_n of_o hen._n 3._o former_o mention_v be_v particular_o set_v down_o paris_n vid._n post_fw-la adversaria_fw-la m._n paris_n nor_o be_v these_o arm_n thus_o assess_v so_o slight_a as_o man_n will_v pretend_v for_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n be_v the_o complete_a arm_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o their_o estate_n equal_a thereunto_o for_o those_o 15_o libratae_fw-la terrae_fw-la amount_v unto_o 780_o acre_n of_o land_n as_o the_o late_a publisher_n of_o paris_n his_o history_n have_v it_o and_o be_v very_o nigh_o the_o reckon_n of_o henry_n huntingdon_n who_o as_o have_v be_v mention_v lay_v a_o helmet_n and_o coat_n of_o mail_n unto_o eight_o hide_n of_o land_n which_o according_a to_o gervase_n of_o tilburies_n account_n come_v to_o 800_o acre_n penalt_a cap._n penalt_a every_o hide_n contain_v one_o hundred_o acre_n these_o therefore_o be_v better_o than_o hobler_n and_o the_o succeed_a 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man_n in_o every_o county_n with_o much_o more_o ease_n and_o less_o charge_n to_o the_o people_n last_o whereas_o it_o be_v endeavour_v to_o make_v this_o statute_n but_o a_o temporary_a provision_n and_o take_v up_o for_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o affair_n when_o thief_n and_o robber_n go_v with_o great_a strength_n and_o in_o multitude_n this_o may_v be_v i_o grant_v of_o some_o efficacy_n if_o it_o have_v be_v introductio_fw-la novi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o it_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o former_a custom_n the_o ground_n of_o that_o custom_n which_o be_v defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o law_n otherwise_o the_o present_a inconvenience_n may_v be_v remedy_v by_o a_o present_a order_n and_o need_v not_o the_o help_n of_o a_o law_n that_o shall_v rest_v upon_o former_a custom_n