the_o premise_n affirm_v universal_o the_o other_o particular_o the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v a_o particular_a affirmative_a for_o though_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n be_v universal_o or_o total_o connect_v with_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o the_o other_o extreme_o be_v but_o particular_o or_o in_o part_n connect_v with_o it_o and_o so_o it_o can_v never_o infer_v the_o total_a connexion_n of_o they_o nor_o can_v the_o conclusion_n be_v a_o universal_a affirmative_a 10_o because_o they_o be_v not_o to_o that_o degree_n connect_v with_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o the_o premise_n for_o example_n da_fw-la every_o good_a man_n be_v charitable_a ri_fw-la some_o rich_a man_n be_v a_o good_a man_n therefore_o i_o some_o rich_a man_n be_v charitable_a 14._o when_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n be_v universal_o deny_v of_o the_o medium_fw-la and_o the_o medium_fw-la particular_o affirm_v of_o the_o other_o extreme_a the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v a_o particular_a negative_a for_o be_v the_o term_n total_o the_o same_o in_o the_o minor_a as_o it_o be_v in_o celarent_fw-la than_o the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n have_v be_v not_o at_o all_o the_o same_o but_o universal_o deny_v of_o one_o another_o as_o it_o be_v there_o wherefore_o be_v but_o in_o part_n the_o same_o in_o the_o minor_a they_o can_v only_o be_v in_o part_n not_o the_o same_o in_o the_o conclusion_n for_o example_n fe-no_a harmful_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v use_v ri_fw-la some_o mirth_n be_v a_o harmful_a thing_n therefore_o o_o some_o mirth_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v from_o these_o ground_n the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o diverse_a maxim_n or_o axiom_n common_o use_v by_o logician_n concern_v this_o present_a matter_n tell_v we_o when_o and_o how_o the_o conclusion_n follow_v or_o not_o follow_v such_o as_o be_v 15._o from_o two_o universal_a negative_n nothing_o follow_v because_o neither_o extreme_a be_v connect_v with_o the_o medium_fw-la either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n nor_o from_o this_o that_o two_o notion_n be_v different_a from_o a_o three_o be_v it_o consequent_a that_o they_o be_v or_o be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o one_o another_o wherefore_o a_o syllogism_n be_v such_o a_o artificial_a and_o perfect_o order_v discourse_n that_o put_v the_o premise_n to_o be_v true_a the_o conclusion_n must_v be_v true_a also_o such_o as_o this_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o part_n of_o those_o other_o that_o follow_v want_v that_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o syllogism_n be_v not_o syllogism_n but_o paralogism_n v_o g._n no_o brute_n be_v rational_a no_o man_n be_v a_o brute_n therefore_o no_o man_n be_v rational_a 16._o from_o two_o particular_a proposition_n nothing_o follow_v for_o a_o particular_a proposition_n express_v but_o some_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a notion_n of_o the_o middle_a term_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v and_o there_o be_v more_o part_n in_o that_o whole_a notion_n one_o of_o the_o extreme_n may_v be_v unite_v with_o it_o according_a to_o one_o part_n or_o consideration_n of_o it_o and_o the_o other_o according_a to_o another_o part_n in_o which_o case_n it_o can_v follow_v they_o be_v unite_v at_o all_o with_o one_o another_o in_o the_o conclusion_n v_o g._n some_o man_n be_v a_o fool._n some_o wise_a man_n be_v a_o man_n therefore_o some_o wise_a man_n be_v a_o fool_n where_o some_o man_n the_o medium_fw-la be_v take_v for_o a_o diverse_a part_n as_o it_o be_v of_o man_n in_o common_a and_o so_o the_o medium_fw-la as_o consider_v according_a to_o its_o part_n which_o be_v diverse_a be_v not_o one_o itself_o nor_o consequent_o can_v it_o unite_v other_o by_o its_o be_v one_o or_o the_o same_o with_o its_o self_n which_o be_v the_o fundamental_a ground_n of_o all_o consequence_n corol._n hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o one_o of_o the_o premise_n must_v be_v a_o universal_a else_o nothing_o be_v conclude_v which_o deserve_v remark_v this_o be_v useful_a to_o confute_v some_o wrong_a method_n to_o science_n 17._o a_o negative_a conclusion_n can_v be_v deduce_v from_o affirmative_a premise_n because_o if_o the_o extreme_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o the_o premise_n and_o not_o the_o same_o with_o one_o another_o in_o the_o conclusion_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v the_o same_o and_o not_o the_o same_o with_o itself_o or_o else_o that_o the_o connexion_n or_o inconnexion_n of_o the_o term_n in_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o connexion_n or_o inconnexion_n with_o the_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n which_o utter_o subvert_v all_o ground_n of_o discourse_v 18._o the_o conclusion_n can_v be_v universal_a unless_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v once_o take_v universal_o in_o the_o premise_n because_o otherwise_o both_o the_o premise_n will_v be_v particular_n from_o which_o as_o be_v prove_v §_o 16._o no_o conclusion_n can_v follow_v 19_o the_o conclusion_n always_o follow_v the_o worse_a part_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v negative_a or_o particular_a if_o either_o of_o the_o premise_n be_v such_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o former_a be_v because_o if_o either_o of_o the_o premise_n be_v negative_a than_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o one_o of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v never_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o identify_v they_o both_o which_o be_v do_v by_o infer_v a_o affirmative_a conclusion_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v because_o if_o it_o be_v only_o in_o part_n the_o same_o with_o one_o of_o the_o extreme_n it_o can_v prove_v those_o extreme_n to_o be_v whole_o the_o same_o which_o can_v only_o be_v do_v by_o their_o be_v unite_v with_o it_o universal_o for_o it_o can_v give_v no_o great_a degree_n of_o connexion_n to_o the_o two_o extreme_n then_o itself_o have_v with_o they_o as_o be_v show_v §_o 10._o these_o maxim_n or_o position_n be_v show_v to_o be_v rational_a and_o necessary_o consequent_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o rigorous_a or_o syllogistical_a discourse_v we_o proceed_v in_o our_o intend_a method_n 20._o a_o singular_a proposition_n may_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o particular_a one_o in_o the_o minor_a of_o darii_n and_o ferio_n for_o a_o singular_a or_o individual_a notion_n be_v in_o reality_n some_o part_n of_o the_o common_a notion_n and_o the_o word_n some_o man_n or_o some_o man_n do_v signify_v some_o individual_a man_n or_o man_n wherefore_o abate_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o indeterminate_a expression_n the_o sense_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o hence_o these_o be_v right_a syllogism_n and_o conclusive_a da-every_a philosopher_n resolve_v effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n ri_fw-la aristotle_n be_v a_o philosopher_n therefore_o i_o aristotle_n resolve_v effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n fe-no_a man_n who_o suppose_v his_o ground_n gratis_o be_v a_o philosopher_n ri_fw-la epicurus_n suppose_v his_o ground_n gratis_o therefore_o o_o epicurus_n be_v not_o a_o philosopher_n 21._o expository_n syllogism_n that_o consist_v of_o singular_a proposition_n be_v true_a and_o perfect_a syllogism_n for_o since_o a_o syllogism_n be_v such_o a_o discourse_n as_o from_o the_o clear_a connexion_n of_o a_o middle_a notion_n with_o the_o two_o extreme_n infer_v the_o connexion_n of_o those_o extreme_n with_o one_o another_o and_o singular_n have_v their_o notion_n as_o well_o as_o universals_z and_o may_v be_v connect_v with_o one_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o case_n these_o discourse_n be_v not_o faulty_a in_o other_o respect_n they_o can_v from_o the_o regard_n of_o their_o consist_v whole_o of_o singular_n be_v degrade_v from_o be_v true_a and_o perfect_a syllogism_n v_o g._n tom_fw-mi long_o bring_v i_o a_o letter_n this_o man_n be_v tom_n long_o therefore_o this_o man_n bring_v i_o a_o letter_n 22._o such_o syllogism_n do_v not_o advance_v science_n for_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o our_o soul_n be_v not_o only_o capable_a of_o have_v universal_a notion_n but_o that_o it_o be_v her_o peculiar_a nature_n to_o abstract_n that_o be_v to_o draw_v singular_a notion_n to_o universal_a one_o and_o since_o notion_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o consequent_o universal_a notion_n of_o universal_a knowledge_n and_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o our_o mind_n according_a to_o her_o nature_n and_o therefore_o do_v dilate_v and_o enlarge_v her_o natural_a capacity_n by_o extend_v it_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o universal_a truth_n wherefore_o since_o on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o expository_n syllogism_n as_o consist_v of_o singular_n can_v conclude_v or_o gain_v the_o soul_n knowledge_n of_o no_o more_o but_o some_o one_o singular_a it_o cramp_n contract_n or_o make_v narrow_a her_o natural_a capacity_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o syllogism_n be_v far_o from_o perfect_v the_o soul_n or_o from_o generate_a science_n which_o be_v
procedure_n will_v bear_v i_o out_o and_o justify_v i_o for_o the_o same_o inducement_n i_o have_v very_o frequent_o draw_v my_o argument_n from_o metaphysic_n be_v well_o assure_v that_o such_o medium_n do_v make_v the_o discourse_n build_v on_o they_o approach_v near_o to_o self-evidence_n nor_o do_v i_o fear_v it_o shall_v be_v object_v that_o in_o a_o logical_a treatise_n i_o bring_v such_o instance_n and_o corollary_n as_o entrench_v upon_o and_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o divers_a other_o science_n rather_o i_o must_v profess_v that_o i_o hold_v it_o a_o precise_a duty_n in_o my_o circumstance_n because_o logic_n or_o the_o art_n of_o reason_v be_v a_o common_a instrument_n to_o attain_v all_o science_n i_o be_v to_o show_v how_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n to_o be_v apply_v to_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o i_o can_v so_o i_o do_v not_o make_v unreasonable_a excursion_n to_o hunt_v for_o they_o in_o foreign_a subject_n but_o that_o they_o light_v natural_o in_o my_o way_n last_o i_o think_v it_o become_v a_o lover_n of_o peace_n and_o union_n among_o christian_n to_o endeavour_v they_o shall_v not_o wrangle_v about_o equivocal_a word_n so_o their_o meaning_n be_v justifiable_a in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v connexion_n of_o term_n which_o i_o only_o esteem_v as_o proper_a to_o advance_v science_n where_o i_o find_v not_o such_o connexion_n and_o the_o discourse_n ground_v on_o self-evident_a principle_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o on_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o subject_a which_o engage_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o neither_o expect_v science_n can_v be_v gain_v nor_o the_o method_n to_o science_n establish_v but_o this_o do_v i_o make_v account_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o may_v be_v hope_v for_o how_o well_o i_o have_v behave_v myself_o in_o attempt_v this_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o who_o be_v the_o proper_a umpire_n in_o such_o matter_n i_o mean_v yourselves_o your_o true_a honourer_n and_o humble_a servant_n i._o s._n the_o method_n to_o science_n book_n i._n lesson_n i._o of_o notion_n or_o the_o very_a first_o ground_n on_o which_o all_o science_n be_v build_v 1._o we_o experience_n that_o impression_n be_v make_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o that_o those_o impression_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o the_o object_n that_o imprint_v they_o 2._o we_o experience_v also_o that_o those_o impression_n do_v not_o stay_v in_o the_o outward_a sense_n but_o reach_v the_o soul_n and_o affect_v it_o 3._o every_o thing_n be_v receive_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o receive_v it_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o capacity_n of_o knowledge_n hence_o those_o impression_n must_v so_o affect_v the_o soul_n as_o to_o cause_v some_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n in_o she_o how_o rude_a and_o imperfect_a soever_o it_o may_v yet_o be_v 4._o the_o impression_n from_o object_n that_o affect_v the_o sense_n and_o by_o they_o the_o soul_n do_v carry_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o those_o object_n along_o with_o they_o and_o imprint_v they_o in_o the_o soul_n which_o print_v or_o as_o it_o be_v stamp_n as_o receive_v in_o the_o understanding_n we_o call_v notion_n 5._o wherefore_o notion_n be_v the_o first_o and_o rude_a draught_n of_o knowledge_n be_v most_o simple_a and_o natural_o wrought_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o the_o stroke_n of_o occur_v object_n without_o any_o industry_n or_o active_a concurrence_n on_o our_o part_n 6._o that_o these_o notion_n be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o thing_n itself_o exist_v in_o we_o intellectual_o and_o not_o a_o bare_a idea_n or_o similitude_n of_o it_o appear_v hence_o evident_o that_o when_o we_o say_v interior_o or_o judge_v a_o stone_n be_v hard_a we_o do_v not_o intend_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o likeness_n or_o idea_n of_o a_o stone_n be_v hard_a but_o the_o very_a stone_n itself_o and_o be_v it_o not_o so_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v false_a for_o the_o similitude_n of_o a_o stone_n in_o our_o mind_n be_v not_o hard_a whereas_o yet_o we_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o proposition_n be_v true_a 7._o again_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o consider_v judge_n and_o discourse_n of_o the_o very_a thing_n itself_o and_o of_o its_o very_a nature_n which_o these_o be_v interior_a or_o immanent_a act_n breed_v and_o perfect_v within_o our_o soul_n we_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o the_o object_n of_o those_o act_n or_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o be_v there_o 8._o last_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o we_o have_v in_o our_o soul_n the_o full_a and_o complete_a sense_n of_o this_o proposition_n and_o notion_n of_o every_o distinct_a part_n of_o it_o viz._n there_o be_v in_o i_o the_o idea_n or_o likeness_n of_o a_o stone_n therefore_o there_o be_v in_o i_o something_o signify_v by_o the_o word_n stone_n not_o only_o distinct_a from_o idea_n and_o likeness_n but_o moreover_o relative_o opposite_a to_o it_o as_o the_o thing_n represent_v be_v to_o that_o which_o represent_v it_o which_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o very_a stone_n itself_o 9_o nor_o need_v it_o cause_v any_o wonder_n that_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n may_v have_v diverse_a manner_n of_o exist_v one_o corporeal_a the_o other_o intellectual_a or_o spiritual_a since_o the_o thing_n v._n g._n peter_n 〈…〉_z abstract_n even_o from_o existence_n it_o self_n for_o it_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o notion_n or_o mean_v of_o that_o word_n that_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o it_o exist_v or_o not_o exist_v much_o more_o than_o do_v the_o notion_n of_o thing_n abstract_n from_o that_o be_v be_v indifferent_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o exist_v 10._o the_o word_n notion_n simple_a apprehension_n conception_n and_o mean_v be_v all_o synonymous_a term_n they_o be_v call_v notion_n because_o they_o be_v the_o part_n or_o element_n of_o knowledge_n which_o put_v and_o consider_v together_o make_v cognition_n wâ—ich_a be_v proper_a and_o complete_a knowledge_n they_o be_v call_v simple_a apprehension_n to_o distinguish_v they_o â—rom_o judgement_n which_o be_v compound_v of_o more_o notion_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o second_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o rather_o because_o by_o they_o we_o simple_o or_o bare_o apprehend_v that_o be_v say_v hold_v of_o or_o take_v into_o we_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o we_o afterwards_o judge_v or_o discourse_n they_o be_v call_v meaning_n because_o they_o affect_v the_o mind_n which_o only_o can_v mean_v or_o intend_v or_o else_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o word_n who_o meaning_n they_o be_v they_o be_v call_v conception_n in_o order_n to_o the_o power_n which_o impregnate_v by_o the_o object_n conceive_v or_o as_o it_o be_v breed_v they_o as_o the_o embryo_n of_o knowledge_n last_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n because_o as_o be_v show_v they_o be_v such_o essential_o and_o formal_o in_o nothing_o differ_v from_o they_o but_o only_o that_o they_o connotate_v a_o new_a manner_n of_o exist_v which_o 6._o be_v extrinsecal_n to_o the_o thing_n and_o to_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o it_o the_o word_n idea_n be_v the_o least_o proper_a because_o it_o seem_v to_o signify_v a_o bare_a similitude_n unless_o the_o user_n of_o it_o will_v express_v themselves_o to_o take_v it_o in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o take_v the_o word_n notion_n here_o or_o as_o we_o use_v to_o understand_v it_o when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o divine_a intellect_n before_o they_o be_v create_v that_o be_v their_o very_a essence_n 11._o notion_n be_v call_v simple_a apprehension_n not_o from_o the_o fewness_n of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o nor_o from_o their_o not_o have_v any_o grammatical_a composition_n or_o syntax_n in_o they_o but_o from_o the_o nature_n or_o manner_n of_o this_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n for_o since_o as_o be_v say_v they_o be_v call_v simple_a apprehension_n because_o by_o they_o we_o simple_o or_o bare_o apprehend_v or_o lie_v hold_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n intellectual_o it_o matter_n not_o how_o many_o or_o how_o few_o the_o word_n be_v so_o we_o do_v no_o more_o than_o mere_o apprehend_v or_o take_v the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n or_o the_o notion_n into_o our_o mind_n without_o judge_v or_o discourse_v of_o they_o whence_o we_o may_v have_v a_o simple_a apprehension_n of_o a_o long_a sentence_n nay_o of_o a_o whole_a sermon_n or_o a_o great_a book_n as_o long_o as_o we_o do_v not_o set_v ourselves_o to_o judge_n or_o discourse_n of_o the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o what_o be_v say_v or_o write_v but_o pure_o to_o apprehend_v the_o sense_n or_o mean_v of_o the_o speaker_n or_o writer_n 12._o notion_n be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o
notion_n and_o not_o essential_a or_o intrinsical_v to_o it_o again_o more_o and_o less_o which_o be_v intrinsical_v difference_n signify_v some_o proportion_n or_o comparison_n of_o one_o to_o the_o other_o which_o can_v have_v no_o place_n in_o permanent_a and_o successive_a quantity_n for_o what_o sense_n bear_v it_o to_o say_v that_o a_o yard_n be_v as_o long_o as_o a_o hour_n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a maxim_n that_o comparison_n be_v make_v of_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o kind_n which_o by_o the_o way_n show_v that_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o any_o genus_fw-la or_o kind_a be_v comparative_a notion_n or_o more_o and_o less_o of_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o continue_v quantity_n be_v not_o a_o proper_a genus_fw-la to_o they_o as_o such_o nor_o they_o proper_a species_n of_o it_o or_o constitute_v such_o under_o it_o by_o intrinsecal_n difference_n but_o each_o of_o they_o be_v the_o very_a genus_fw-la itself_o of_o continue_v quantity_n consider_v under_o diverse_a state_n altogether_o disparate_a and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n successive_a connotate_v the_o predicament_n of_o action_n the_o other_o seem_v rather_o to_o hold_v on_o the_o side_n of_o mere_a quantity_n though_o that_o common_a head_n do_v in_o rigour_n abstract_v from_o both_o those_o state_n 13._o the_o division_n of_o permanent_a continue_v quantity_n into_o extensive_a contain_v the_o three_o species_n 8._o above_o mention_v and_o intensive_a or_o weight_n be_v yet_o more_o defective_a than_o the_o other_o for_o first_o part_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la itself_o viz._n permanent_a be_v accidental_a to_o quantity_n next_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a propension_n one_o way_n or_o other_o inherent_a in_o body_n while_o in_o rest_n as_o be_v show_v in_o physics_n weight_n must_v be_v take_v for_o a_o actual_a tendency_n downward_o and_o so_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o action_n or_o passion_n according_a as_o the_o body_n that_o weigh_v be_v consider_v either_o as_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o superior_a body_n or_o press_v that_o below_o it_o whence_o whatever_o else_o we_o can_v conceive_v of_o the_o notion_n of_o weight_n in_o any_o body_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o its_o density_n for_o this_o make_v it_o apt_a to_o receive_v the_o full_a impression_n of_o the_o descend_a air_n and_o better_a and_o more_o swift_o cut_v the_o medium_n when_o its_o motion_n be_v once_o determine_v whereas_o rare_a body_n suffer_v the_o descend_a particle_n to_o slip_v through_o they_o and_o do_v but_o dull_o and_o slow_o divide_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v in_o their_o descent_n but_o of_o this_o more_o in_o physics_n 14._o infinite_a discrete_a quantity_n that_o be_v infinite_a number_n can_v belong_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o quantity_n for_o then_o it_o must_v either_o have_v the_o place_n there_o of_o a_o genus_fw-la or_o of_o a_o species_n whereas_o it_o can_v be_v neither_o because_o the_o generical_a notion_n will_v in_o that_o case_n be_v common_a to_o more_o infinite_a number_n as_o its_o species_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n for_o since_o each_o of_o these_o species_n be_v infinite_a in_o such_o a_o line_n or_o under_o such_o a_o notion_n must_v comprehend_v all_o that_o can_v be_v in_o that_o line_n they_o will_v each_o of_o they_o contain_v the_o whole_a line_n of_o number_n and_o so_o each_o of_o they_o will_v be_v of_o as_o large_a a_o notion_n as_o their_o genus_fw-la nor_o will_v they_o in_o that_o case_n be_v different_a from_o one_o another_o in_o that_o line_n because_o one_o of_o they_o can_v have_v nothing_o which_o the_o other_o have_v not_o nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o be_v diverse_a species_n nor_o can_v infinite_a quantity_n be_v their_o genus_fw-la beside_o two_o infinits_z under_o what_o notion_n soever_o limit_n and_o so_o destroy_v one_o another_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v solve_v by_o say_v that_o quantity_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o finit_fw-la and_o infinite_a and_o that_o species_n that_o be_v infinite_a be_v but_o one_o or_o have_v no_o more_o of_o its_o kind_n but_o its_o single_a self_n for_o since_o infinite_a in_o any_o notion_n include_v all_o that_o can_v belong_v to_o that_o notion_n nothing_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la will_v be_v leave_v for_o its_o fellow_n species_n to_o partake_v of_o which_o make_v finite_a number_n to_o be_v no_o species_n last_o as_o the_o difference_n of_o continue_v quantity_n be_v great_a or_o lesser_a determinate_a part_n so_o the_o difference_n of_o number_n must_v be_v more_o or_o few_o determinate_a part_n which_o can_v bear_v no_o sense_n if_o one_o of_o the_o species_n have_v all_o or_o be_v endless_a or_o indeterminate_a 15._o hence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a and_o contradictory_n since_o it_o contradict_v the_o method_n and_o maxim_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a notion_n for_o be_v it_o put_v it_o ought_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quantity_n which_o we_o see_v be_v in_o many_o regard_v implicatory_a add_v that_o as_o no_o ens_fw-la be_v capable_a of_o existence_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o ultimate_o determine_v to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o so_o no_o affection_n of_o ens_fw-la v_o g._n number_n can_v possible_o exist_v in_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v determine_v in_o its_o own_o line_n to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o number_n which_o be_v here_o forbid_v it_o by_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o infinite_a which_o signify_v indeterminate_a 16·_v therefore_o continue_v quantity_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v be_v infinite_a that_o be_v there_o can_v be_v a_o infinite_a extent_n or_o expansion_n of_o body_n for_o than_o the_o subject_n will_v verify_v it_o that_o there_o must_v be_v in_o it_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o yard_n which_o be_v now_o prove_v impossible_a 17._o for_o the_o same_o reason_n there_o can_v have_v be_v infinite_a time_n for_o then_o again_o there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o infinite_a number_n viz._n of_o hour_n again_o let_v we_o put_v time_n to_o have_v be_v infinite_a that_o be_v never_o to_o have_v begin_v then_o there_o must_v have_v succeed_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o hour_n wherefore_o in_o that_o whole_a collection_n of_o hour_n there_o must_v either_o have_v be_v some_o one_o hour_n distant_a from_o this_o present_a hour_n by_o infinite_a intermediate_n one_o or_o no_o one_o hour_n thus_o distant_a if_o no_o one_o than_o the_o whole_a collection_n of_o hour_n consist_v of_o one_o be_v finite_a if_o some_o one_o hour_n be_v distant_a from_o this_o present_a one_o by_o infinite_a intermediate_n one_o than_o we_o be_v force_v to_o put_v a_o infinite_a which_o have_v two_o end_n viz._n that_o hour_n say_v to_o be_v infinite_o long_a ago_o and_o this_o present_a hour_n that_o now_o pass_v that_o be_v we_o must_v put_v a_o infinite_a to_o be_v finite_a corol._n hence_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o motion_n have_v a_o beginning_n or_o first_o motion_n therefore_o a_o first-mover_n therefore_o some_o spiritual_a nature_n as_o 4._o will_v be_v demonstrate_v hereafter_o lesson_n vi_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quality_n 1._o the_o notion_n of_o substance_n be_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o that_o of_o quantity_n how_o great_a it_o be_v or_o how_o much_o there_o be_v of_o it_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o quality_n as_o be_v say_v above_o and_o indeed_o as_o the_o very_a word_n import_v be_v how_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v or_o no._n this_o will_v be_v far_a evident_a from_o the_o whole_a follow_a discourse_n 2._o wherefore_o there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o common_a kind_n or_o species_n of_o quality_n as_o there_o may_v be_v common_a consideration_n of_o how_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o regard_n to_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n 3._o wherefore_o see_v the_o subject_n may_v be_v thus_o consider_v either_o according_a to_o its_o intrinsecal_n or_o according_a to_o extrinsecal_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v and_o if_o to_o intrinsecal_n then_o either_o according_a to_o some_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n of_o its_o intrinsecal_n temperature_n or_o constitution_n which_o we_o call_v habit_n if_o permanent_a or_o disposition_n if_o transitory_a or_o to_o its_o outward_a shape_n conceive_v to_o inhere_o in_o it_o call_v figure_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o extrinsecal_n then_o either_o according_a to_o the_o cause_n from_o which_o it_o may_v suffer_v or_o be_v variable_a which_o we_o call_v passable_a quality_n if_o steady_a or_o passion_n if_o sudden_a and_o fleet_a or_o to_o the_o effect_n or_o operation_n it_o may_v or_o may_v not_o produce_v which_o we_o name_v its_o power_n or_o impotency_n hence_o quality_n in_o common_a be_v divide_v into_o four_o kind_n and_o no_o
certain_a sense_n of_o word_n for_o critic_n do_v very_o frequent_o ground_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n upon_o etymology_n or_o the_o derivation_n of_o they_o from_o other_o word_n or_o else_o on_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o some_o few_o learned_a writer_n do_v take_v they_o both_o which_o be_v fallacious_a rule_n to_o know_v their_o sense_n certain_o the_o former_a because_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o word_n be_v impose_v and_o the_o sense_n itself_o of_o those_o word_n be_v many_o time_n different_a notion_n for_o example_n a_o stone_n as_o some_o of_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v in_o latin_a name_v lapis_n a_o laedendâ—_n pedes_fw-la but_o the_o notion_n or_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n be_v the_o very_a substance_n itself_o of_o such_o a_o body_n nor_o be_v the_o latter_a rule_n competent_a to_o give_v we_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o those_o word_n that_o express_v natural_a notion_n first_o because_o those_o learned_a man_n use_v to_o speak_v learned_o or_o rhetorical_o with_o trope_n and_o figure_n and_o affect_v to_o deliver_v their_o thought_n neat_o and_o fine_o with_o quaint_a phrase_n allusion_n metaphor_n and_o other_o knack_n of_o language_n all_o which_o be_v so_o many_o deviation_n from_o the_o natural_a manner_n of_o expression_n common_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o consequent_o unsuitable_a to_o our_o natural_a conception_n beside_o that_o a_o few_o author_n suffice_v the_o critic_n to_o build_v their_o observation_n upon_o all_o which_o fall_v infinite_o short_a of_o that_o certainty_n and_o plainness_n which_o the_o common_a and_o constant_a use_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n or_o the_o vulgar_a afford_v we_o 8._o equivocal_a word_n be_v either_o simple_o and_o absolute_o such_o which_o we_o call_v equivocal_a by_o chance_n or_o relative_o which_o we_o call_v equivocal_a by_o design_n absolute_o when_o there_o be_v no_o kind_n of_o reason_n or_o ground_n why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v have_v two_o different_a sense_n as_o when_o far_a in_o english_a signify_v a_o great_a way_n in_o latin_a breadcorn_n or_o any_o word_n in_o one_o language_n happen_v mere_o casual_o to_o have_v a_o different_a signification_n in_o another_o in_o which_o sort_n of_o equivocation_n there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n to_o science_n those_o two_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v so_o vast_o disparate_a relative_o when_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o ground_n why_o the_o same_o word_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o notion_n to_o another_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v for_o two_o different_a reason_n one_o when_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o connexion_n with_o they_o as_o cause_n and_o effect_v as_o when_o the_o word_n healthful_a which_o proper_o belong_v to_o a_o animal_n be_v transfer_v to_o meat_n because_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o health_n in_o the_o animal_n and_o to_o urine_n because_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o its_o health_n and_o therefore_o a_o natural_a sign_n of_o it_o or_o as_o when_o we_o say_v there_o be_v much_o art_n in_o such_o a_o picture_n or_o poem_n it_o mean_v the_o effect_n of_o art_n for_o art_n in_o proper_a speech_n be_v to_o be_v find_v only_o in_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o artificer_n the_o other_o reason_n of_o the_o word_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o consequent_o refer_v back_o to_o it_o again_o be_v when_o this_o be_v do_v for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o as_o when_o we_o say_v of_o a_o good_a governor_n that_o he_o be_v the_o pilot_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o steer_v it_o into_o a_o safe_a harbour_n and_o preserve_v it_o from_o split_v upon_o the_o rock_n of_o division_n where_o the_o word_n pilot_n which_o in_o the_o first_o and_o proper_a mean_v signify_v a_o director_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v transfer_v to_o a_o governor_n because_o he_o do_v the_o same_o in_o proportion_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n which_o the_o other_o do_v in_o a_o ship_n thus_o tranquillity_n which_o be_v proper_o say_v of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o calm_a be_v transfer_v to_o a_o state_n or_o kingdom_n because_o its_o peaceable_a condition_n resemble_v or_o bear_v a_o kind_n of_o proportion_n to_o the_o undisturbed_a quiet_n find_v in_o a_o calm_a sea_n 9_o word_n transfer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o be_v call_v metaphor_n or_o metaphorical_a and_o the_o best_a metaphor_n be_v when_o the_o thing_n from_o which_o it_o be_v transfer_v be_v eminent_a under_o that_o notion_n we_o intend_v to_o express_v as_o when_o we_o call_v a_o valiant_a man_n a_o lion_n and_o a_o meek_a man_n a_o lamb_n because_o courage_n and_o mildness_n be_v eminent_a in_o those_o animal_n a_o continue_v metaphor_n be_v call_v a_o allegory_n as_o in_o the_o example_n late_o give_v the_o word_n pilot_n steer_v harbour_n split_v and_o rock_n be_v all_o metaphor_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a speech_n be_v allegorical_a 10._o there_o be_v no_o danger_n nor_o detriment_n to_o science_n that_o such_o word_n be_v use_v in_o common_a speech_n or_o loose_v rhetorical_a discourse_n but_o they_o be_v exceed_o pernicious_a to_o it_o when_o we_o be_v treat_v of_o dogmatical_a tenet_n and_o search_v for_o truth_n out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o write_a author_n for_o since_o those_o metaphor_n however_o they_o be_v true_a while_o understand_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o proportion_n and_o resemblance_n only_o yet_o be_v literal_o tal_n and_o in_o deliver_v doctrine_n or_o dogmatical_a tenet_n only_a litteral_n truth_n be_v aim_v at_o and_o if_o the_o reader_n happen_v to_o take_v a_o metaphorical_a expression_n for_o a_o literal_a one_o he_o will_v most_o certain_o embrace_v a_o error_n for_o a_o truth_n or_o if_o he_o take_v a_o word_n literal_o mean_v for_o a_o metaphor_n he_o will_v take_v a_o truth_n for_o a_o error_n hence_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o science_n not_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o metaphorical_a and_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o mistake_v one_o for_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o unless_o some_o certain_a rule_n be_v establish_v by_o which_o we_o may_v be_v ascertain_v when_o write_a word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o when_o metaphorical_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v certain_a of_o any_o truth_n mere_o by_o those_o write_a word_n 11._o those_o word_n which_o be_v transfer_v from_o corporeal_a to_o spiritual_a nature_n be_v by_o far_o more_o high_o metaphorical_a than_o can_v be_v any_o transferr'd_n from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o misunderstand_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v very_o destructive_a to_o science_n for_o since_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a be_v the_o first_o species_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o the_o division_n of_o that_o genus_fw-la into_o those_o species_n be_v make_v by_o the_o contradictory_n difference_n of_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a it_o follow_v demonstrative_o that_o whatever_o except_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v proper_o affirm_v of_o body_n must_v be_v proper_o deny_v of_o spirit_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n transfer_v from_o body_n to_o spirit_n which_o be_v in_o different_a line_n be_v far_o more_o improper_a than_o those_o which_o be_v tranfer_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o line_n and_o so_o less_o disparate_a corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v confirm_v the_o former_a doctrine_n that_o spirit_n be_v not_o in_o place_n nor_o be_v themselves_o or_o their_o spiritual_a action_n subject_a to_o timeâ—r_v â—r_z commensurable_a to_o it_o etc._n etc._n since_o all_o these_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v of_o body_n and_o therefore_o must_v proper_o be_v deny_v of_o spirit_n corol._n iii_o from_o the_o two_o last_o section_n it_o follow_v evident_o that_o no_o dogmatical_a tenet_n can_v be_v â—roved_v from_o book_n that_o treat_v of_o spiritual_a nature_n â—r_o of_o such_o consideration_n as_o belong_v to_o they_o unless_o â—ome_v certain_a rule_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v when_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v take_v literal_o when_o metaphorical_o in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n â—nce_o a_o mistake_n in_o this_o may_v make_v the_o reader_n embrace_v a_o falsehood_n for_o a_o truth_n or_o a_o truth_n for_o a_o falsehood_n in_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n for_o exâ—mple_n this_o proportion_n god_n be_v move_v by_o our_o prayer_n be_v literal_o false_a for_o to_o be_v move_v be_v to_o be_v change_v and_o god_n be_v essential_o unchangeable_a wherefore_o it_o be_v only_o true_a in_o a_o metaphorical_a â—ence_n and_o the_o word_n move_v be_v a_o metaphor_n of_o the_o last_o sort_n viz._n of_o word_n transfer_v to_o another_o for_o some_o proportion_n or_o resemblance_n between_o they_o and_o so_o the_o true_a sense_n be_v this_o god_n though_o unmoved_a in_o himself_o yet_o act_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n towards_o he_o that_o pray_v to_o he_o as_o
now_o may_v walk_v hereafter_o a_o example_n of_o the_o late_a may_v be_v this_o two_o and_o three_o be_v even_o and_o odd._n five_o be_v two_o and_o three_o therefore_o five_o be_v even_o and_o odd._n where_o the_o major_n be_v false_a unless_o two_o and_o three_o be_v take_v divisive_o whereas_o in_o the_o minor_a they_o be_v take_v conjoint_o or_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o five_o be_v 6._o not_o two_o and_o three_o formal_o but_o only_o material_o in_o which_o sense_n aristotle_n say_v that_o bis_n tria_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la sex_n 16._o the_o seven_o fallacy_n be_v when_o the_o opponent_n argue_v à _fw-la dicto_fw-la secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la which_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n be_v the_o erroneous_a principle_n that_o beget_v the_o vice_n of_o pride_n and_o therefore_o be_v peculiar_a to_o all_o proud_a people_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o pride_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o know_v what_o endowment_n any_o one_o true_o have_v or_o esteem_v himself_o as_o have_v such_o endowment_n for_o this_o be_v a_o truth_n and_o do_v he_o not_o know_v it_o and_o what_o degree_n of_o perfection_n it_o add_v to_o he_o he_o will_v neither_o strive_v to_o perfect_v himself_o nor_o know_v how_o much_o he_o be_v particular_o bind_v to_o love_n and_o thank_v god_n who_o bestow_v on_o he_o those_o accomplishment_n or_o advantage_n above_o other_o but_o pride_n as_o all_o other_o vice_n have_v have_v a_o lie_n for_o its_o principle_n and_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o a_o proud_a person_n over_o value_v himself_o and_o prefer_v himself_o absolute_o before_o all_o other_o that_o be_v conclude_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o very_o best_a or_o better_o than_o other_o and_o to_o deserve_v more_o esteem_n than_o they_o because_o he_o be_v good_a or_o estimable_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la or_o in_o some_o particular_a which_o be_v far_o short_a of_o render_v he_o so_o high_o estimable_a thus_o some_o self-conceited_a lady_n esteem_v or_o conclude_v herself_o to_o be_v the_o best_a woman_n in_o all_o the_o country_n because_o she_o have_v a_o new-fashioned_a gown_n or_o be_v fine_a handsome_a or_o rich_a than_o other_o thus_o a_o king_n or_o lord_n prefer_v himself_o absolute_o before_o all_o other_o because_o he_o have_v more_o power_n or_o can_v reckon_v up_o more_o title_n than_o other_o can_v thus_o a_o great_a scholar_n who_o be_v proud_a value_v himself_o absolute_o to_o be_v better_o than_o those_o who_o be_v unlearned_a whereas_o a_o poor_a ignorant_a ragged_a beggar_n who_o have_v more_o virtue_n or_o love_n of_o god_n in_o he_o have_v more_o intrinsic_a worth_n in_o he_o and_o be_v absolute_o speak_v more_o valuable_a than_o any_o or_o all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o their_o gayness_n beauty_n riches_n knowledge_n honour_n and_o power_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o only_o good_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la and_o he_o be_v for_o his_o sanctity_n good_a and_o valuable_a simpliciter_fw-la 17._o thus_o much_o concern_v those_o fallacy_n that_o be_v worth_a note_n if_o indeed_o any_o of_o they_o do_v much_o deserve_v it_o for_o i_o can_v discern_v but_o that_o if_o the_o rule_n for_o distinguish_v our_o notion_n of_o predicate_v one_o of_o they_o of_o another_o and_o last_o the_o right_a method_n of_o argue_v both_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o syllogism_n be_v observe_v exact_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o they_o that_o can_v require_v the_o treat_v of_o they_o so_o elaborate_o or_o make_v such_o a_o pother_n about_o they_o as_o author_n do_v the_o agree_v with_o our_o adversary_n about_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n in_o which_o the_o question_n be_v conceive_v forestall_v those_o fallacy_n of_o ignoratio_fw-la elenchi_fw-la and_o that_o of_o beg_v the_o question_n last_o the_o doctrine_n give_v above_o how_o to_o detect_v the_o equivocation_n of_o single_a word_n will_v prevent_v any_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v take_v from_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o term_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o predicate_v by_o show_v how_o a_o word_n that_o be_v univocal_a take_v single_a may_v become_v equivocal_a by_o be_v join_v to_o different_a subject_n will_v defeat_v all_o stratagem_n that_o lurk_v secret_o in_o such_o proposition_n 15._o as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o first_o fallacy_n §_o 9_o the_o doctrine_n of_o use_v only_o such_o middle_a term_n as_o be_v either_o essential_a or_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n render_v ineffectual_a the_o fallacy_n ex_fw-la accidenti_fw-la as_o also_o those_o of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causâ_fw-la and_o à _fw-la dicto_fw-la secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la the_o common_a doctrine_n concern_v division_n viz._n that_o its_o member_n be_v adequate_a to_o the_o notion_n divide_v make_v void_a and_o insignificant_a that_o fallacy_n call_v mala_fw-la enumeratio_fw-la partium_fw-la in_o a_o word_n let_v but_o the_o rule_v give_v here_o be_v wary_o observe_v and_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a the_o defender_n of_o truth_n shall_v be_v circumvent_v by_o any_o fallacious_a manner_n of_o argue_v but_o it_o will_v either_o be_v see_v that_o the_o term_n be_v ambiguous_a or_o which_o general_o happen_v it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o the_o syllogism_n have_v four_o term_n and_o so_o be_v no_o legitimate_a syllogism_n the_o subtle_a of_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o first_o for_o the_o single_a word_n animal_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n both_o in_o the_o major_n and_o minor_a and_o have_v the_o same_o definition_n in_o both_o place_n and_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a subject_n it_o be_v not_o predicate_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n but_o according_a to_o different_a part_n of_o its_o entire_a notion_n or_o signification_n whence_o the_o syllogism_n have_v four_o term_n in_o sense_n that_o be_v in_o reality_n or_o in_o our_o mind_n where_o syllogism_n be_v only_o proper_o and_o formal_o however_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v the_o same_o material_o 18._o the_o syllogism_n which_o be_v imply_v in_o every_o practical_a judgement_n of_o a_o sinner_n have_v four_o term_n or_o else_o one_o of_o the_o premise_n which_o he_o grant_v to_o himself_o be_v false_a and_o therefore_o both_o it_o and_o the_o action_n that_o proceed_v from_o it_o be_v a_o deviation_n from_o right_a reason_n and_o a_o perversion_n of_o human_a nature_n v_o g._n justice_n be_v to_o be_v do_v that_o satisfaction_n be_v take_v of_o my_o enemy_n who_o injure_v i_o be_v justice_n therefore_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o myself_o of_o my_o enemy_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o i_o may_v revenge_v myself_o where_o the_o major_n be_v true_a so_o be_v the_o minor_a but_o when_o the_o injure_a person_n come_v to_o conclude_v instead_o of_o the_o true_a conclusion_n therefore_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v take_v of_o he_o that_o injure_v i_o be_v to_o be_v do_v which_o abstract_n from_o who_o be_v to_o take_v that_o satisfaction_n or_o revenge_n whether_o himself_o or_o the_o magistrate_n who_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o proper_a revenger_n of_o injury_n his_o passion_n and_o not_o right_a reason_n cog_v in_o a_o four_o term_n not_o find_v in_o the_o premise_n viz._n satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v take_v by_o myself_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o practical_a judgement_n of_o any_o other_o sinner_n whether_o their_o sin_n be_v theft_n incontinency_n rebellion_n etc._n etc._n corol._n iii_o hence_o all_o right_n reason_v which_o cause_v science_n and_o truth_n be_v also_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o parent_n of_o virtue_n and_o can_v dictate_v nothing_o but_o what_o tend_v to_o true_a morality_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o false_a reason_v do_v natural_o and_o necessary_o beget_v error_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o error_n lead_v to_o vice_n appendix_n the_o grand_a controversy_n concern_v formal_a mutation_n decide_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o peripatetic_a school_n common_a 1._o the_o main_n hinge_v on_o which_o the_o great_a contest_v between_o the_o peripatetic_n and_o antiperipatetick_n turn_v be_v whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v that_o composition_n and_o division_n in_o natural_a body_n call_v formal_a and_o consequent_o formal_a mutation_n the_o corpuscularian_a philosopher_n and_o atomist_n deny_v there_o be_v any_o mutation_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o and_o they_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v only_o a_o extrinsecal_n application_n of_o particle_n figure_v move_v and_o place_v in_o various_a manner_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o whole_a contexture_n of_o natural_a body_n be_v a_o mere_a mechanism_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o peripatetic_n by_o which_o word_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o common_a schoolman_n but_o those_o who_o take_v pain_n to_o understand_v aristotle_n either_o by_o his_o own_o book_n or_o by_o his_o first_o interpreter_n do_v grant_v some_o kind_n of_o particle_n and_o minima_fw-la
we_o have_v neither_o truth_n nor_o falsehood_n in_o they_o formal_o since_o they_o do_v neither_o affirm_v or_o deny_v only_o with_o speech_n be_v capable_a of_o formal_a verity_n or_o falsity_n any_o more_o than_o do_v the_o thing_n itself_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o nature_n or_o out_o of_o the_o understanding_n 13._o all_o the_o verity_n they_o have_v be_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n or_o their_o be_v true_o what_o they_o be_v and_o they_o partake_v this_o from_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n from_o which_o they_o uner_o flow_v and_o which_o be_v essential_o unchangeable_a by_o which_o we_o see_v how_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n be_v the_o sole_a author_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n that_o be_v in_o we_o and_o how_o he_o do_v ordinary_o communicate_v it_o to_o we_o viz._n by_o fix_v unalterable_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o thing_n from_o which_o be_v thus_o establish_v and_o imprint_v on_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n all_o science_n and_o truth_n in_o we_o have_v their_o certainty_n original_o 14._o all_o true_a science_n be_v thus_o build_v on_o the_o immovable_a stability_n of_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n of_o create_a being_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o all_o discourse_n that_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o ground_v on_o they_o be_v frothy_a incoherent_a and_o false_a and_o if_o pursue_v home_o must_v be_v find_v to_o have_v a_o contradiction_n for_o their_o first_o principle_n in_o regard_n they_o make_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v what_o they_o be_v not_o 15._o wherefore_o notion_n be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n the_o method_n to_o pursue_v true_a science_n be_v to_o attend_v and_o hold_v heedful_o and_o steady_o to_o those_o notion_n which_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o have_v imprint_v or_o stamp_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o to_o be_v very_o careful_a lest_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o fancy_n and_o do_v oft_o misrepresent_v the_o thing_n do_v delude_v we_o or_o the_o equivocation_n of_o word_n draw_v we_o aside_o and_o make_v we_o deviate_v from_o those_o genuine_a and_o nature_n instill_a notion_n corolary_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v see_v how_o unreasonable_a the_o sceptic_n be_v who_o endeavour_n to_o undermine_v all_o science_n by_o pretend_v that_o all_o our_o notion_n be_v uncertain_a for_o they_o be_v cause_v by_o natural_a impression_n on_o our_o sense_n those_o man_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o water_n do_v not_o wet_a or_o fire_n burn_v as_o that_o the_o object_n work_v not_o their_o several_a effect_n upon_o our_o sense_n if_o they_o contend_v that_o every_o man_n be_v individual_a temper_n be_v different_a our_o notion_n must_v therefore_o differ_v to_o some_o degree_n in_o every_o man_n they_o oppose_v not_o we_o who_o say_v the_o same_o nor_o will_v this_o break_v any_o square_n in_o our_o discourse_v and_o our_o understanding_n one_o another_o for_o few_o man_n perhaps_o none_o can_v reach_v these_o individual_a difference_n nor_o consequent_o mean_v they_o or_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o they_o when_o they_o discourse_n but_o if_o they_o say_v they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o all_o man_n who_o sense_n oâ—_n imagination_n be_v not_o disorder_v by_o some_o accidental_a disease_n substantial_o and_o in_o the_o main_a then_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v now_o allege_v they_o be_v confute_v by_o this_o that_o mankind_n have_v now_o for_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n hold_v conversation_n with_o one_o another_o yet_o it_o be_v never_o observe_v that_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v one_o another_o mean_v in_o discourse_n about_o natural_a object_n or_o if_o any_o hap_v to_o occur_v which_o be_v ambiguous_a that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o notion_n know_v by_o explication_n or_o if_o there_o have_v be_v some_o notable_a variation_n in_o their_o notion_n as_o when_o to_o icterical_a person_n all_o thing_n seem_v yellow_a or_o sweet_a thing_n bitter_a to_o deprave_a taste_n the_o mistake_n can_v easy_o be_v make_v manifest_a and_o correct_v by_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n who_o assure_v they_o of_o their_o misapprehension_n and_o of_o learned_a man_n particular_o who_o find_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o mistake_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o disease_n pervert_v nature_n or_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o unduly-proposed_n object_n or_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o from_o our_o inability_n to_o reach_v to_o some_o minute_n consideration_n belong_v to_o its_o composition_n figure_n etc._n etc._n which_o hinder_v not_o our_o have_a science_n of_o it_o in_o other_o case_n corol._n ii_o hence_o also_o be_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o that_o tenet_n that_o maintain_v the_o pre-existence_n of_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o this_o ground_n that_o knowledge_n be_v only_o excite_v or_o awaken_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o object_n work_v on_o the_o sense_n and_o not_o imprint_v there_o by_o they_o for_o this_o ground_n shake_v by_o manifest_v the_o way_n and_o mean_n lay_v by_o nature_n to_o beget_v those_o knowledge_n in_o the_o soul_n and_o convey_v they_o thither_o from_o the_o object_n beside_o which_o overthrow_v all_o their_o hypothesis_n the_o knowledge_n that_o i_o be_o hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la thus_o affect_v can_v with_o any_o sense_n be_v pretend_v to_o have_v be_v pre-existent_a to_o the_o time_n and_o place_n in_o which_o that_o particular_a knowledge_n be_v make_v since_o neither_o ehat_fw-la time_n nor_o perhaps_o place_n be_v then_o in_o be_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o soul_n can_v gain_v some_o new_a knowledge_n and_o this_o by_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o any_o or_o some_o why_o not_o with_o equal_a reason_n all_o that_o the_o same_o sense_n can_v receive_v from_o object_n imprint_v in_o she_o which_o as_o far_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o this_o way_n of_o instil_a knowledge_n may_v reach_v in_o a_o manner_n ad_fw-la nature_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o reflection_n discourse_n and_o art_n improve_n it_o may_v stretch_v itself_o much_o far_o corol._n iii_o from_o this_o whole_a discourse_n it_o appear_v that_o whatever_o other_o method_n of_o attain_v science_n some_o may_v propose_v however_o it_o may_v seem_v witty_a and_o one_o piece_n of_o their_o doctrine_n be_v consonant_n to_o the_o other_o and_o all_o of_o they_o consequent_a to_o the_o principle_n they_o lay_v yet_o it_o will_v i_o say_v evident_o appear_v that_o the_o way_n they_o take_v can_v never_o be_v that_o which_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v lay_v to_o engraft_v knowledge_n in_o we_o whence_o though_o such_o discourser_n may_v show_v much_o art_n yet_o in_o reality_n and_o if_o it_o be_v examine_v to_o the_o bottom_n all_o their_o plausible_a contexture_n and_o explication_n of_o their_o own_o scheme_n will_v be_v find_v no_o better_a than_o the_o run_a pretty_a strain_n of_o division_n upon_o no_o ground_n since_o their_o pretend_a knowledge_n do_v not_o begin_v with_o nor_o grow_v up_o orderly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o from_o our_o natural_a notion_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o science_n corol._n iu._n our_o discourse_n here_o abstract_n from_o that_o question_n whether_o sensible_a quality_n be_v inherent_a in_o the_o object_n or_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v enough_o for_o my_o purpose_n that_o the_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o sense_n so_o as_o to_o imprint_v by_o their_o mean_n several_a notion_n in_o the_o mind_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o mr._n hobbs_n prove_v for_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v it_o that_o light_a come_n from_o the_o object_n do_v not_o carry_v away_o with_o it_o some_o particle_n of_o it_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o the_o sun_n beam_n dry_v up_o great_a pond_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o they_o do_v when_o reflect_v dip_v their_o dry_a wing_n in_o that_o moist_a element_n and_o return_v with_o some_o particle_n of_o water_n into_o the_o air_n which_o when_o multiply_v be_v condense_v afterward_o into_o cloud_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o sunbeam_n reflect_v from_o the_o moon_n bring_v along_o with_o they_o moist_a vapour_n much_o less_o be_v it_o conceivable_a that_o in_o smell_v and_o taste_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o object_n shall_v be_v convey_v by_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o brain_n but_o only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o motion_n it_o be_v not_o my_o task_n to_o defend_v the_o opinion_n of_o schoolman_n nor_o those_o of_o vulgar_a philosopher_n which_o he_o impugn_v but_o to_o mind_v my_o own_o business_n though_o have_v i_o a_o mind_n to_o lose_v a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v that_o he_o seem_v to_o mistake_v all-along_a our_o pâ—â—â—eptions_n for_o what_o be_v perceive_v of_o the_o object_n and_o i_o may_v as_o easy_o deny_v that_o colour_n for_o
sense_n of_o their_o own_o word_n but_o let_v they_o wriggle_v what_o way_n they_o will_v their_o put_v it_o to_o be_v without_o the_o world_n and_o yet_o not_o to_o exist_v in_o re_fw-mi but_o in_o our_o imagination_n only_o which_o be_v within_o the_o world_n be_v so_o full_o fraught_v with_o variety_n of_o contradiction_n that_o they_o can_v even_o name_v it_o or_o talk_v of_o it_o without_o speak_v palpable_a nonsense_n at_o every_o step_n of_o their_o discourse_n moreover_o they_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n and_o yet_o they_o attribute_v to_o it_o the_o property_n of_o a_o real_a thing_n by_o make_v it_o have_v assignable_a part_n in_o it_o as_o also_o to_o be_v extend_v measurable_a etc._n etc._n which_o be_v the_o high_a strain_n of_o contradiction_n imaginable_a for_o since_o ens_fw-la and_o nonens_a do_v differ_v more_o than_o toto_fw-la genere_fw-la and_o as_o far_o as_o contradiction_n can_v distance_n they_o whatever_o be_v affirm_v of_o a_o ens_fw-la must_v necessary_o be_v deny_v of_o nonens_a so_o that_o if_o a_o thing_n a_o body_n for_o example_n can_v be_v extend_v measure_a pass_v through_o or_o move_v in_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v affirm_v that_o a_o nonens_a can_v be_v move_v in_o extend_v measure_a or_o have_v part_n last_o imaginary_a space_n or_o vacuum_n never_o affect_v our_o sense_n and_o therefore_o since_o we_o can_v have_v no_o distinct_a notion_n of_o it_o from_o outward_a object_n neither_o can_v it_o consequent_o belong_v to_o any_o of_o those_o common_a head_n of_o notion_n whence_o follow_v that_o one_o of_o these_o head_n which_o give_v be_v to_o all_o the_o other_o be_v ens_fw-la imaginary_a space_n and_o vacuum_n be_v mere_a nothing_o note_v 1_o that_o this_o discourse_n equal_o conclude_v against_o vacuum_n within_o the_o world_n for_o that_o imagine_a space_n will_v neither_o be_v body_n nor_o spirit_n subject_a nor_o accident_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v mere_o nothing_o nor_o consequent_o can_v it_o be_v measure_v extend_v move_v in_o etc._n etc._n note_v 2._o that_o these_o two_o tenet_n be_v overthrow_v the_o whole_a epicurean_a hypothesis_n build_v on_o they_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o needs_o no_o far_a confutation_n 11._o hence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o protuberancy_n in_o the_o outmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o world_n for_o be_v this_o so_o there_o will_v be_v some_o distance_n between_o the_o extreme_a surface_n and_o that_o protuberancy_n and_o that_o distance_n can_v be_v measurable_a divisible_a etc._n etc._n which_o will_v make_v nonens_a to_o be_v ens._n 12._o this_o humour_n of_o fancy_n or_o of_o ill-governed_a reason_n make_v entity_n of_o nonentities_a and_o conceit_v every_o negative_a pure_o as_o such_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n because_o we_o can_v conceive_v nothing_o but_o as_o thinâ—s_v destroy_v all_o science_n and_o make_v it_o chimerical_a for_o every_o species_n in_o nature_n include_v a_o negation_n of_o all_o other_o species_n and_o every_o individuum_fw-la in_o the_o world_n of_o all_o other_o individuum_n at_o which_o rate_n we_o shall_v have_v far_o more_o nothing_o in_o the_o world_n than_o thing_n if_o we_o come_v to_o put_v all_o those_o negation_n to_o be_v it_o be_v very_o proper_a but_o withal_o very_o pleasant_a if_o such_o man_n of_o fancy_n will_v in_o pursuance_n of_o their_o tenet_n frame_v we_o a_o new_a no-logick_n of_o their_o own_o and_o put_v nonens_a in_o common_a to_o be_v the_o first_o head_n of_o their_o negative_a notion_n and_o then_o divide_v it_o by_o more_o of_o nonens_a that_o be_v nobody_n and_o less_o of_o it_o or_o no_o spirit_n and_o then_o descend_v to_o its_o proper_a individuum_n as_o non-petrus_n non-ioannes_n non-bucephalus_n etc._n etc._n this_o will_v be_v consequent_a to_o their_o fantastic_a tenet_n but_o even_o than_o they_o must_v be_v force_v to_o contradict_v themselves_o and_o confess_v that_o as_o nonens_a mean_v not_o capable_a of_o exist_v so_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o ought_v to_o make_v non-corpus_a to_o be_v non-quantum_a non-quale_a non-passivum_a non-locabile_a etc._n etc._n which_o will_v spoil_v all_o their_o position_n of_o vacuum_n and_o imaginary_a space_n so_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o error_n pursue_v home_o to_o their_o bad_a principle_n will_v still_o confute_v themselves_o hence_o the_o distinction_n some_o make_v of_o ens_fw-la into_o ens-positivum_a privativum_fw-la and_o negativum_fw-la be_v no_o wise_a than_o be_v the_o say_n of_o the_o fanatic_a preacher_n in_o ben_n play_n viz._n that_o he_o have_v three_o light_n in_o he_o a_o great_a light_n a_o little_a light_n and_o no_o light_n at_o all_o 13._o we_o have_v no_o natural_a notion_n nor_o ground_n from_o nature_n of_o a_o union_n as_o they_o call_v it_o for_o the_o asserter_n of_o it_o neither_o make_v it_o the_o action_n that_o unite_v two_o thing_n or_o part_n nor_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o action_n wrought_v upon_o the_o subject_a that_o be_v their_o be_v unite_v which_o hinder_v it_o from_o belong_v to_o the_o common_a head_n of_o action_n or_o passion_n but_o a_o intervening_a little_a entity_n who_o nature_n it_o be_v to_o tie_v they_o together_o and_o since_o such_o a_o notion_n be_v never_o imprint_v by_o our_o sense_n it_o be_v plain_a it_o can_v be_v no_o natural_a notion_n as_o those_o in_o the_o predicament_n be_v nor_o belong_v to_o any_o of_o those_o common_a head_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v collect_v by_o reason_n for_o since_o the_o matter_n before_o the_o union_n be_v make_v be_v ultimate_o dispose_v by_o nature_n to_o receive_v the_o form_n and_o the_o form_n be_v proper_a and_o by_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n necessary_a to_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o matter_n thus_o dispose_v there_o can_v need_v nothing_o to_o unite_v they_o as_o they_o call_v it_o but_o the_o efficient_a make_v the_o form_n result_v from_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v fit_v for_o it_o and_o require_v it_o which_o be_v to_o be_v in_o it_o any_o more_o than_o if_o fire_n be_v apt_a to_o burn_v what_o be_v combustible_a and_o what_o be_v combustible_a be_v perfect_o fit_a to_o be_v burn_v by_o fire_n there_o can_v need_v any_o thing_n but_o application_n to_o burn_v it_o or_o which_o in_o their_o phrase_n be_v the_o same_o to_o unite_v the_o form_n of_o fire_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o wood._n this_o conceit_n therefore_o of_o those_o little_a entity_n call_v 〈◊〉_d to_o tack_n thing_n together_o at_o every_o turn_n be_v a_o mere_a chimaera_n coin_v by_o fancy_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v borrow_a from_o those_o man_n observe_v that_o two_o thing_n unapt_a otherwise_o to_o cohere_v diverse_a piece_n of_o wood_n for_o example_n do_v need_n glue_v or_o pitch_n or_o some_o such_o tenacious_a stuff_n to_o fix_v they_o together_o whence_o by_o a_o unsuitable_a and_o ill-grounded_n metaphor_n they_o translate_v it_o to_o the_o unite_n the_o part_n of_o natural_a entity_n which_o by_o the_o wise_a conduct_n of_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v always_o ready_a for_o a_o union_n ere_o they_o come_v to_o be_v make_v one_o and_o can_v need_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o unite_v they_o or_o make_v they_o one_o entitative_o union_n therefore_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o action_n of_o unite_n or_o the_o same_o with_o their_o be_v unite_a or_o their_o unity_n and_o not_o a_o intermediate_a entity_n since_o whatever_o thing_n or_o part_n be_v natural_o unite_v do_v cling_v together_o into_o one_o entity_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o spontaneous_a inclination_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o antecedent_n disposition_n require_v the_o form_n be_v such_o good_a friend_n of_o themselves_o beforehand_o that_o there_o can_v need_v nothing_o to_o reconcile_v they_o beside_o this_o conceit_n be_v ill-grounded_a in_o another_o respect_n for_o the_o inventor_n of_o it_o make_v account_v that_o those_o vnible_a part_n be_v before_o they_o be_v unite_v two_o thing_n whereas_o in_o reality_n there_o be_v but_o one_o thing_n dispose_v to_o be_v change_v into_o another_o by_o sit_v the_o matter_n to_o receive_v a_o new_a form_n which_o discourse_n may_v be_v apply_v to_o those_o who_o ask_v how_o or_o by_o what_o mean_n the_o soul_n and_o body_n be_v unite_v or_o make_v one_o thing_n to_o which_o the_o proper_a answer_n be_v they_o be_v never_o two_o thing_n 14._o we_o can_v have_v no_o one_o notion_n of_o a_o transcendent_a for_o since_o transcendent_n be_v those_o that_o run_v through_o all_o or_o many_o of_o the_o predicament_n and_o the_o predicament_n be_v so_o many_o head_n of_o notion_n generical_o distinct_a it_o be_v impossible_a to_o have_v any_o one_o notion_n of_o transcendent_n again_o there_o be_v no_o more_o common_a genus_fw-la which_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o those_o ten_o head_n as_o its_o species_n by_o intrinsecal_n difference_n but_o those_o several_a summa_fw-la genera_n be_v distinguish_v
manner_n of_o work_v have_v and_o consequent_o those_o relation_n be_v far_o more_o real_a than_o those_o which_o be_v ground_v on_o corporeal_a power_n and_o their_o operation_n 15._o the_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v of_o relation_n consist_v in_o that_o immediate_a ground_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o our_o refer_v one_o thing_n to_o another_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n itself_o in_o my_o mind_n which_o be_v refer_v and_o not_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n refer_v it_o for_o example_n two_o white_a thing_n have_v unity_n of_o form_n or_o the_o same_o notion_n in_o they_o which_o make_v they_o real_o alike_o of_o themselves_o be_v they_o in_o a_o compare_v power_n that_o can_v actual_o refer_v they_o and_o denominate_v they_o relative_o as_o their_o nature_n require_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o act_n of_o my_o understanding_n which_o make_v the_o white_a wall_n real_o alike_o but_o their_o own_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o my_o act_n by_o mean_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o comparative_a act_n of_o my_o understanding_n which_o they_o inform_v as_o a_o necessary_a condition_n to_o relate_v they_o actual_o and_o without_o which_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o have_v but_o the_o absolute_a notion_n of_o white_a and_o not_o the_o relative_n one_o of_o be_v alike_o corol._n ii_o hence_o we_o have_v some_o light_n give_v we_o how_o there_o may_v be_v true_a and_o real_a relation_n in_o god_n know_v and_o love_v himself_o and_o how_o they_o depend_v and_o not_o depend_v on_o our_o understanding_n 16._o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o relation_n be_v more_o and_o less_o and_o our_o act_n add_v nothing_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o relation_n they_o must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a ground_n or_o reason_n why_o the_o thing_n be_v refer_v to_o another_o hence_o our_o great_a relation_n be_v to_o god_n because_o all_o the_o good_a we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v do_v entire_o refer_v we_o to_o he_o upon_o which_o therefore_o be_v found_v all_o our_o religious_a respect_n and_o our_o duty_n of_o serve_v obey_v and_o adore_v he_o next_o follow_v the_o relation_n of_o a_o husband_n to_o a_o wife_n who_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o individual_a with_o himself_o after_o they_o come_v our_o relation_n to_o our_o parent_n who_o concur_v to_o our_o be_v give_v we_o education_n and_o provide_v for_o our_o subsistence_n then_o to_o mankind_n to_o who_o we_o be_v relate_v by_o identity_n of_o nature_n to_o our_o country_n our_o king_n and_o other_o superior_n according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n to_o our_o kinsfolk_n neighbour_n etc._n etc._n from_o which_o relation_n arise_v several_a duty_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o more_o or_o less_o important_a reason_n or_o ground_n that_o make_v they_o more_o or_o less_o near_a or_o remote_o relate_v to_o we_o lesson_n viii_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o action_n and_o passion_n 1._o there_o be_v two_o and_o but_o two_o common_a head_n of_o extrinsecal_n conceive_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o one_o another_o by_o way_n of_o motion_n for_o since_o motion_n have_v two_o term_n viz._n that_o thing_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o that_o to_o which_o it_o reach_v and_o these_o be_v distinct_a consideration_n hence_o we_o have_v two_o common_a head_n of_o one_o extrinsical_a thing_n conceive_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o another_o by_o way_n of_o motion_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v more_o for_o motion_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o those_o term_n have_v no_o notion_n but_o that_o of_o mere_a motion_n whence_o it_o be_v the_o very_a notion_n of_o successive_a quantity_n and_o belong_v clear_o to_o that_o common_a head_n and_o therefore_o can_v belong_v to_o another_o or_o constitute_v a_o new_a one_o 2._o the_o notion_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o most_o approach_a to_o nonentity_n for_o since_o motion_n as_o it_o superadd_v to_o the_o extensive_a quantity_n of_o its_o subject_n be_v whole_o make_v up_o of_o not_o be_v in_o this_o place_n or_o that_o or_o of_o not_o be_v still_o here_o and_o not_o be_v yet_o there_o nor_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o permanency_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o same_o notion_n with_o actual_a be_v it_o follow_v that_o beside_o the_o common_a disadvantage_n other_o accident_n be_v liable_a to_o of_o have_v no_o entity_n of_o their_o own_o but_o what_o be_v borrow_a of_o their_o subject_n it_o have_v moreover_o this_o that_o neither_o itself_o nor_o any_o part_n of_o itself_o exist_v so_o much_o as_o for_o one_o moment_n wherefore_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o capacity_n of_o existence_n motion_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n incapable_a of_o existence_n or_o a_o nonentity_n and_o this_o out_o of_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n or_o notion_n again_o since_o in_o every_o part_n of_o motion_n the_o thing_n move_v be_v in_o a_o space_n big_a than_o itself_o and_o place_n as_o will_v be_v show_v 9_o hereafter_o proper_o such_o be_v but_o equal_a to_o the_o thing_n it_o contain_v and_o not_o big_a than_o it_o hence_o motion_n hinder_v its_o subject_a to_o be_v proper_o speak_v in_o any_o place_n that_o be_v any_o where_o which_o among_o body_n seem_v next_z akin_a to_o not_o be_v at_o all_o last_o motion_n be_v destructive_a of_o actual_a be_v in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v arrive_v to_o their_o full_a state_n of_o perfection_n which_o show_v its_o nature_n to_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v which_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o constancy_n and_o stability_n in_o it_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o give_v actual_a be_v or_o existence_n to_o the_o new_a entity_n it_o help_v to_o produce_v for_o existence_n 7._o be_v the_o proper_a effect_n of_o self-existence_n or_o the_o first_o cause_n wherefore_o the_o notion_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o most_o approach_a to_o nonentity_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o since_o every_o agent_n produce_v a_o effect_v suitable_a to_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o therefore_o a_o agent_n infinite_o perfect_a can_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o what_o be_v most_o imperfect_a therefore_o motion_n be_v both_o most_o imperfect_a and_o withal_o most_o disagreeable_a nay_o direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n nature_n which_o be_v pure_a self-existence_n and_o essential_o immovable_a and_o vnchangable_a be_v not_o immediate_o cause_v by_o god_n but_o by_o 4._o some_o imperfect_a agent_n or_o some_o creature_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o of_o itself_o be_v a_o nonentity_n 3._o the_o notion_n of_o action_n as_o it_o superadd_v to_o mere_a motion_n be_v the_o exercise_n of_o a_o power_n which_o be_v effective_a of_o something_o for_o since_o to_o act_n be_v to_o do_v and_o to_o do_v nothing_o be_v not_o to_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o to_o act_n be_v to_o do_v something_o but_o to_o do_v something_o presuppose_v a_o power_n to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o so_o as_o not_o to_o stay_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o mere_a power_n for_o if_o it_o stay_v there_o it_o only_o denominate_v the_o thing_n able_a to_o do_v which_o again_o be_v not_o to_o do_v wherefore_o action_n be_v not_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o sluggish_a power_n but_o of_o a_o power_n exert_v and_o exercise_v that_o be_v effect_v something_o whence_o the_o power_n be_v call_v effective_a the_o action_n efficiency_n and_o the_o something_o it_o do_v be_v term_v a_o effect_n all_o which_o superadd_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o mere_a motion_n 4._o the_o primary_n and_o chief_a natural_a action_n be_v division_n for_o since_o substance_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o all_o accident_n and_o which_o be_v change_v all_o the_o accident_n do_v suffer_v a_o change_n with_o it_o hence_o that_o action_n that_o work_v upon_o a_o body_n according_a to_o the_o substantial_a notion_n of_o it_o have_v more_o of_o action_n in_o it_o as_o work_v a_o great_a effect_n but_o division_n make_v two_o thing_n of_o one_o and_o so_o destroy_v the_o former_a vnum_fw-la or_o ens_fw-la and_o make_v two_o new_a one_o therefore_o division_n be_v the_o primary_n and_o chief_a of_o all_o other_o natural_a action_n note_v that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o perfect_a division_n which_o make_v the_o thing_n divide_v and_o be_v therefore_o only_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v division_n for_o imperfect_a division_n only_o alter_v the_o figure_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n if_o they_o be_v in_o a_o great_a degree_n change_v the_o substance_n as_o well_o as_o division_n do_v answ._n this_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o some_o particular_a sort_n of_o body_n and_o not_o out_o of_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o those_o action_n for_o
and_o the_o sure_a way_n to_o do_v this_o be_v to_o gather_v their_o sense_n by_o reflect_v on_o their_o say_n and_o know_a intention_n 2._o since_o then_o the_o vulgar_a agree_v natural_o to_o say_v a_o thing_n be_v in_o a_o place_n the_o notion_n of_o place_n be_v to_o be_v a_o container_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o it_o and_o withal_o such_o a_o container_n as_o be_v not_o intrinsical_v to_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o it_o be_v inquire_v where_o it_o be_v but_o extrinsical_a to_o it_o for_o it_o will_v be_v very_o odd_a and_o dissatisfactory_a and_o look_v like_o a_o jest_n if_o when_o we_o be_v ask_v where_o such_o a_o man_n be_v we_o shall_v answer_v he_o be_v in_o his_o skin_n whence_o pursue_v these_o natural_a apprehension_n of_o they_o exact_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o any_o body_n must_v be_v another_o body_n that_o be_v immediate_a and_o equal_a to_o it_o for_o be_v it_o distant_a from_o it_o and_o so_o unequal_a to_o it_o or_o too_o wide_a for_o it_o than_o since_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n that_o too-large_a container_n will_v be_v a_o common_a place_n to_o other_o body_n as_o well_o as_o it_o and_o so_o will_v not_o be_v its_o proper_a place_n which_o be_v the_o question_n that_o be_v ask_v since_o it_o will_v be_v no_o more_o its_o place_n than_o that_o other_o but_o a_o common_a place_n to_o both_o which_o therefore_o will_v be_v no_o competent_a answer_n to_o the_o question_n where_o it_o be_v whence_o by_o reflection_n we_o shall_v discover_v that_o place_n in_o proper_a and_o exact_a speech_n be_v the_o ambient_fw-la superficies_n of_o the_o next_o body_n for_o this_o be_v immediate_a and_o therefore_o equal_a to_o it_o because_o a_o indivisible_a such_o as_o the_o superficies_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o body_n can_v add_v no_o quantity_n to_o it_o or_o make_v the_o container_n unequal_a to_o the_o thing_n contain_v but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o vulgar_a who_o only_a aim_n it_o be_v to_o find_v a_o thing_n by_o ask_v for_o its_o place_n do_v not_o reflect_v oftentimes_o upon_o their_o own_o notion_n or_o as_o it_o be_v refine_v it_o to_o a_o exactness_n but_o content_v themselves_o to_o know_v near_o what_o visible_a thing_n that_o which_o they_o look_v for_o be_v place_v as_o on_o the_o cupboard_n behind_o the_o door_n under_o the_o beds-foot_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v a_o slubber_v or_o imperfect_a notion_n of_o place_n even_o according_a to_o their_o own_o say_n for_o these_o do_v put_v the_o thing_n seek_v for_o to_o be_v in_o that_o place_n whereas_o perhaps_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v on_o the_o cupboard_n or_o near_o the_o bed_n foot_n as_o well_o as_o the_o thing_n seek_v for_o 3._o again_o since_o the_o intention_n of_o mankind_n in_o ask_v where_o a_o thing_n be_v can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o to_o know_v how_o to_o find_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o place_n must_v be_v certain_o knowable_a that_o be_v such_o as_o do_v not_o itself_o need_v seek_v for_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v such_o if_o it_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o be_v remove_v for_o than_o we_o shall_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n both_o to_o find_v it_o and_o other_o thing_n by_o it_o and_o ourselves_o will_v be_v at_o the_o same_o plunge_n as_o be_v those_o that_o practise_v the_o art_n of_o memory_n who_o be_v to_o range_v the_o thing_n they_o will_v remember_v in_o â—et_a place_n their_o fancy_n have_v design_v do_v affix_v they_o to_o stool_n chair_n broom_n and_o such_o like_a which_o be_v take_v away_o and_o remove_v they_o have_v lose_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o thing_n their_o fancy_n have_v place_v there_o wherefore_o place_n must_v have_v as_o much_o immobility_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o our_o find_v a_o thing_n so_o that_o our_o enquiry_n where_o or_o in_o what_o place_v the_o thing_n be_v be_v not_o defeat_v and_o no_o more_o be_v requisite_a all_o far_a immobility_n be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n mankind_n intend_v and_o therefore_o be_v no_o part_n of_o their_o notion_n of_o place_n 4._o wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o have_v recourse_n to_o imaginary_a space_n or_o subsistent_a dimension_n to_o find_v something_o which_o be_v immovable_a absolute_o which_o some_o do_v upon_o this_o account_n because_o all_o thing_n in_o nature_n be_v subject_a to_o motion_n for_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o can_v find_v any_o thing_n that_o we_o can_v have_v necessity_n to_o use_v or_o know_v well_o enough_o without_o recur_v thither_o beside_o place_n must_v be_v more_o knowable_a than_o the_o thing_n we_o look_v for_o whereas_o these_o imaginary_a vby_n be_v not_o distinguishable_a or_o knowable_a at_o all_o so_o that_o such_o wild_a conceit_n as_o these_o be_v extravagant_a even_o to_o madness_n we_o have_v prove_v vacuum_n to_o be_v pure_o nothing_o and_o consequent_o vnknowable_a and_o therefore_o to_o be_v in_o a_o vacuum_n be_v to_o be_v in_o no_o place_n or_o no_o where_o and_o as_o for_o subsistent_a dimension_n it_o be_v a_o plain_a contradiction_n upon_o another_o score_n because_o it_o put_v quantity_n to_o be_v substance_n and_o capable_a of_o subsist_v alone_o or_o without_o a_o subject_a 5._o it_o be_v not_o much_o less_o ridiculous_a to_o invent_v little_a entity_n call_v vby_n for_o body_n or_o for_o spirit_n which_o be_v incapable_a of_o be_v in_o place_n of_o which_o we_o can_v give_v no_o account_n for_o since_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o contain_v body_n in_o a_o determinate_a distance_n from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o house_n the_o town_n the_o country_n or_o the_o world_n which_o to_o our_o apprehension_n be_v fix_v answer_v all_o question_n that_o can_v be_v propose_v about_o the_o place_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o we_o can_v be_v furnish_v with_o this_o by_o our_o natural_a notion_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o other_o far-fetched_a conceit_n invent_v to_o explicate_v place_n be_v needless_a and_o senseless_a such_o strange_a extravagancy_n caper_v wit_n be_v apt_a to_o fall_v into_o when_o they_o relinquish_v nature_n and_o the_o solid_a notion_n she_o imprint_n in_o they_o to_o follow_v mere_a fancy_n the_o mint_n of_o a_o thousand_o ungrounded_a capriccio_n and_o chimera_n 6._o example_n of_o vbi_fw-la may_v be_v such_o as_o this_o quest._n where_o or_o in_o what_o place_n live_v dr._n h._n answ._n in_o kings-street_n q._n where_o be_v that_o kings-street_n a._n in_o high_a holborn_n q._n where_o be_v holborn_n a._n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o london_n q._n where_o be_v london_n a._n about_o the_o middle_n of_o england_n q._n where_o be_v england_n a._n in_o such_o a_o part_n of_o europe_n q._n where_o be_v europe_n a._n in_o the_o northwest_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o far_o than_o this_o or_o rather_o not_o so_o far_o none_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n can_v have_v occasion_n to_o inquire_v though_o perhaps_o artist_n or_o geographer_n and_o astronomer_n may_v nor_o need_v there_o any_o more_o immobility_n to_o be_v ascertain_v to_o find_v out_o where_o that_o skilful_a doctor_n live_v since_o this_o may_v serve_v our_o purpose_n of_o find_v he_o and_o we_o may_v do_v this_o easy_o let_v the_o whole_a earth_n move_v round_o never_o so_o swift_o by_o get_v a_o answer_n to_o some_o of_o these_o question_n without_o the_o help_n of_o imaginary_a space_n subsistent_a dimension_n or_o those_o little_a entity_n call_v vby_n which_o no_o mortal_a man_n eye_n ever_o see_v or_o any_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v ever_o understand_v corol._n i._n hence_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v the_o world_n be_v in_o place_n since_o it_o contain_v all_o space_n and_o consequent_o all_o place_n in_o its_o self_n and_o therefore_o be_v contain_a by_o none_o which_o as_o be_v show_v be_v requisite_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v in_o place_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o necessity_n or_o sense_n it_o shall_v unless_o we_o shall_v fancy_n that_o some_o ultra-mundane_a traveller_n bewilder_v in_o imaginary_a space_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o it_o to_o ask_v some_o of_o the_o chimera_n there_o which_o be_v the_o way_n to_o the_o world_n corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v see_v that_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o a_o body_n consider_v as_o affect_v its_o own_o subject_a be_v in_o the_o head_n of_o quantity_n but_o as_o contain_v another_o body_n and_o connotate_v a_o respect_n to_o some_o other_o thing_n so_o fix_v and_o know_v that_o by_o know_v they_o and_o it_o we_o may_v know_v where_o the_o thing_n contain_v be_v it_o constitute_v the_o common_a head_n of_o vbi_fw-la and_o consequent_o of_o place_n corol._n iii_o it_o be_v see_v also_o that_o angel_n be_v not_o proper_o in_o place_n nor_o consequent_o have_v proper_o any_o vbi_fw-la since_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o which_o can_v have_v any_o commensuration_n to_o a_o
proper_a answer_n be_v such_o as_o these_o when_o be_v christ_n bear_v ans._n 1696_o year_n ago_o when_o will_v there_o be_v a_o leap-year_n ans._n this_o year_n when_o do_v mustapha_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n begin_v his_o reign_n ans._n the_o last_o year_n 9_o the_o difference_n of_o quando_fw-la be_v past_n present_a and_o future_a though_o the_o present_n be_v not_o in_o reality_n it_o be_v a_o instant_a and_o indivisible_a yet_o since_o our_o understanding_n can_v comprise_v such_o a_o portion_n of_o time_n into_o one_o notion_n and_o consider_v it_o and_o conceive_v it_o and_o thence_o speak_v of_o it_o by_o a_o participle_n of_o the_o present_a tense_n and_o as_o one_o entire_a part_n of_o time_n and_o say_v it_o be_v run_v till_o as_o much_o as_o we_o have_v frame_v a_o notion_n of_o be_v run_v out_o or_o end_v hence_o we_o can_v true_o say_v something_o be_v do_v this_o present_a age_n year_n month_n day_n and_o hour_n nay_o this_o very_a moment_n take_v moment_n for_o some_o short_a indeterminate_a part_n of_o time_n 10._o the_o difference_n of_o past_a and_o future_a be_v more_o and_o less_o distant_a from_o the_o present_v prefix_v time_n for_o past_a signify_v before_o it_o future_a after_o it_o inferior_a difference_n also_o must_v be_v take_v from_o some_o determinate_a point_n as_o it_o be_v as_o from_o the_o creation_n the_o first_o olympiad_n the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n etc._n etc._n note_v that_o it_o be_v very_o nice_o to_o be_v remark_v that_o when_o question_n be_v ask_v by_o how_o much_o or_o how_o little_a of_o time_n the_o answer_n belong_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o successive_a quantity_n whence_o a_o age_n a_o year_n a_o month_n etc._n etc._n be_v quantitative_a notion_n divide_v by_o more_o and_o less_o of_o successive_a quantity_n or_o motion_n and_o constitute_v by_o they_o and_o only_o what_o answer_v precise_o to_o when_o belong_v to_o this_o predicament_n of_o quando_fw-la thus_o if_o we_o ask_v how_o long_a time_n it_o be_v since_o the_o invasion_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n the_o answer_n be_v six_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o year_n which_o be_v a_o quantitative_a notion_n consist_v of_o both_o continue_v and_o discrete_a quantity_n but_o if_o you_o ask_v when_o be_v the_o first_o olympiad_n the_o answer_n will_v be_v in_o the_o three_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o twenty_o eight_o year_n from_o the_o creation_n and_o so_o it_o will_v belong_v to_o this_o head_n for_o than_o it_o formal_o signify_v that_o the_o motion_n or_o action_n of_o the_o game_n in_o the_o first_o olympiad_n be_v celebrate_v while_o such_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n be_v pass_v the_o predicament_n of_o situation_n and_o habit_n be_v of_o little_a use_n therefore_o not_o worth_a the_o dilate_v on_o they_o lesson_n xi_o of_o the_o expression_n of_o our_o notion_n by_o word_n 1._o notion_n be_v as_o be_v say_v the_o meaning_n of_o word_n it_o come_v next_o to_o be_v examine_v what_o advantage_n or_o disadvantage_n may_v accrue_v to_o science_n by_o the_o express_v our_o notion_n by_o word_n either_o distinct_o or_o confuse_o if_o the_o word_n have_v but_o one_o sense_n or_o signification_n either_o take_v alone_o or_o as_o apply_v to_o other_o notion_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v vnivocal_a or_o to_o be_v speak_v vnivocal_o of_o they_o because_o vex_v or_o word_n differ_v from_o mere_a sound_n in_o this_o that_o a_o voice_n be_v apt_a to_o express_v our_o inward_a sense_n mind_n or_o notion_n so_o that_o sense_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o form_n or_o soul_n of_o a_o word_n and_o sound_v only_o the_o material_a part_n or_o as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o it_o hence_o a_o word_n be_v say_v to_o be_v vnivocal_a when_o it_o have_v but_o one_o sense_n or_o mean_v and_o equivocal_a when_o it_o have_v or_o may_v have_v more_o 2._o since_o as_o 1_o be_v prove_v above_o notion_n be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n and_o so_o can_v have_v no_o falsity_n in_o regard_n they_o have_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n that_o be_v they_o be_v what_o they_o be_v and_o can_v be_v other_o than_o they_o be_v nor_o can_v they_o have_v formal_a falsity_n for_o this_o consist_v in_o the_o compound_v two_o notion_n together_o by_o affirm_v or_o deny_v neither_o of_o which_o be_v find_v in_o notion_n or_o simple_a apprehension_n which_o be_v not_o thus_o compound_v hence_o no_o error_n can_v possible_o proceed_v from_o the_o notion_n but_o all_o truth_n wherefore_o be_v all_o word_n vnivocal_a and_o have_v but_o one_o notion_n or_o mean_v there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o possibility_n of_o error_n from_o word_n than_o there_o can_v be_v from_o the_o notion_n themselves_o which_o be_v signify_v by_o those_o word_n wherefore_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o word_n be_v equivocal_a that_o be_v ambiguous_a or_o liable_a to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a mean_v or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o to_o signify_v diverse_a notion_n and_o it_o happen_v that_o some_o of_o the_o person_n that_o use_v they_o do_v take_v they_o in_o one_o sense_n other_o in_o another_o they_o must_v necessary_o speak_v and_o discourse_v of_o different_a thing_n and_o so_o fall_v into_o different_a sentiment_n and_o contradict_v one_o another_o 3._o hence_o suppose_v the_o person_n be_v sincere_a and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o fault_n in_o their_o will_n most_o of_o the_o contest_v and_o wrangling_n in_o the_o world_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o equivocal_a mean_v of_o word_n for_o since_o the_o use_v of_o word_n be_v common_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o most_o single_a word_n be_v equivocal_a and_o the_o contexture_n of_o they_o or_o the_o whole_a clause_n may_v also_o be_v oftentimes_o take_v in_o a_o different_a sense_n hence_o unless_o the_o double_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v clear_v and_o distinguish_v innumerable_a and_o endless_a contest_v must_v necessary_o happen_v from_o the_o equivocal_a mean_v of_o those_o word_n 4._o write_a word_n be_v far_o more_o liable_a to_o those_o inconvenience_n than_o word_n speak_v especial_o if_o the_o author_n of_o those_o write_a word_n be_v dead_a and_o no_o certain_a way_n of_o interpret_n they_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o all_o party_n for_o if_o a_o equivocation_n happen_v in_o word_n speak_v the_o speaker_n if_o alive_a may_v easy_o come_v to_o see_v he_o be_v misunderstand_v and_o by_o a_o pertinent_a distinction_n show_v the_o double_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n and_o in_o which_o of_o the_o sense_n he_o mean_v it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o right_a understanding_n with_o his_o opposite_a which_o be_v impossible_a in_o write_a word_n when_o the_o author_n be_v dead_a and_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a way_n of_o interpret_n those_o word_n agree_v on_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o follower_n of_o aristotle_n or_o any_o other_o dead_a author_n corol._n i._o this_o method_n or_o way_n of_o interpret_n such_o word_n must_v either_o be_v evident_a of_o itself_o or_o make_v evident_a by_o proof_n and_o it_o must_v beside_o be_v agree_v by_o both_o the_o contend_a party_n evident_a because_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o principle_n to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o author_n and_o it_o must_v be_v agree_v on_o for_o otherwise_o the_o principle_n not_o be_v yield_v to_o all_o contest_v which_o depend_v upon_o that_o principle_n must_v remain_v undecided_a and_o end_n if_o they_o ever_o do_v so_o in_o a_o mere_a logomachy_n or_o word-skirmish_n 5._o for_o the_o same_o reason_n even_o the_o same_o person_n if_o he_o be_v delude_v by_o the_o ambiguous_a sound_n of_o a_o word_n and_o through_o inadvertence_n or_o want_n of_o skill_n to_o keep_v his_o thought_n steady_a happen_v to_o take_v it_o now_o in_o one_o sense_n now_o in_o another_o must_v necessary_o blunder_v in_o his_o discourse_n and_o speak_v incoherent_o for_o since_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n do_v ground_n all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o it_o and_o all_o our_o discourse_n concern_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o proceed_v now_o upon_o one_o notion_n then_o upon_o another_o must_v needs_o vary_v and_o hobble_v in_o his_o discourse_n and_o talk_v incoherent_o have_v no_o certain_a and_o fix_a notion_n afford_v he_o light_n to_o guide_v his_o step_n to_o the_o same_o end_n or_o take_v the_o right_a way_n to_o it_o 6._o the_o mean_v of_o those_o word_n that_o express_v natural_a notion_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o vulgar_a and_o the_o sense_n of_o artificial_a word_n from_o man_n who_o be_v learned_a in_o those_o respective_a art_n for_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n can_v only_o be_v take_v from_o the_o author_n and_o user_n of_o they_o which_o in_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o word_n be_v the_o vulgar_a in_o the_o late_a man_n of_o art_n 7._o hence_o criticism_n general_o speak_v be_v incompetent_a to_o give_v we_o the_o
a_o good_a man_n here_o who_o be_v proper_o move_v will_v act_v towards_o one_o that_o petition_n he_o corol._n iu._n hence_o also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n we_o can_v use_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o its_o attribute_n be_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n metaphorical_a and_o improper_a for_o since_o we_o can_v no_o other_o wise_a name_n or_o speak_v of_o a_o thing_n but_o as_o we_o conceive_v it_o and_o all_o our_o conception_n be_v notion_n take_v from_o natural_a object_n and_o only_o say_v of_o they_o with_o propriety_n and_o no_o otherwise_o say_v of_o create_a spirit_n but_o only_o metaphorical_o and_o that_o god_n infinite_a perfection_n do_v far_o more_o excel_v create_v spirit_n than_o those_o spirit_n do_v body_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o name_n and_o word_n we_o can_v make_v use_n of_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o its_o attribute_n be_v in_o the_o high_a manner_n metaphorical_a and_o improper_a as_o may_v be_v far_o show_v in_o metaphysic_n 12._o the_o word_n ens_fw-la as_o apply_v to_o substantial_a and_o accidental_a notion_n be_v of_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o equivocal_a word_n and_o analogical_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o be_v first_o and_o proper_o of_o substance_n and_o secondary_o or_o improper_o of_o accident_n for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v above_o ens_fw-la signify_v capable_a of_o be_v and_o none_o of_o the_o accident_n be_v of_o itself_o capable_a of_o be_v but_o only_o come_v to_o have_v some_o title_n to_o existence_n by_o the_o substance_n from_o who_o be_v they_o have_v entire_o all_o the_o be_v they_o have_v and_o that_o its_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o word_n ens_fw-la must_v be_v analogical_o say_v of_o they_o that_o be_v proper_o of_o substance_n and_o improper_o of_o accident_n 13._o since_o it_o appear_v from_o what_o be_v say_v hitherto_o that_o the_o equivocation_n of_o word_n be_v most_o high_o prejudicial_a to_o science_n it_o be_v one_o necessary_a part_n of_o of_o the_o method_n to_o science_n to_o detect_v the_o snare_n it_o lay_v in_o the_o way_n of_o our_o discourse_n that_o we_o may_v avoid_v they_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v 14._o first_o by_o observe_v the_o explication_n we_o make_v of_o the_o word_n that_o be_v apply_v to_o different_a notion_n that_o so_o we_o may_v know_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o it_o for_o by_o do_v this_o we_o shall_v certain_o find_v that_o the_o less_o proper_a notion_n when_o the_o word_n be_v explicate_v will_v still_o include_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o proper_a one_o and_o bear_v up_o to_o it_o as_o if_o we_o will_v explicate_v the_o word_n strong_a as_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o ale_n or_o wine_n we_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o say_v if_o we_o be_v put_v to_o express_v ourselves_o literal_o and_o tell_v what_o it_o mean_v that_o as_o he_o be_v call_v a_o strong_a man_n who_o be_v able_a to_o overthrow_v his_o enemy_n so_o we_o call_v wine_n or_o beer_n strong_a when_o it_o be_v able_a to_o overpower_v our_o brain_n or_o if_o we_o call_v a_o man_n hard-hearted_a it_o will_v be_v explicate_v thus_o that_o his_o humour_n be_v as_o hard_a and_o inflexible_a consider_v the_o temper_n of_o a_o rational_a creature_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v move_v by_o reason_n as_o hard_a thing_n which_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o bend_v be_v among_o natural_a body_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o sometime_o call_v such_o man_n stonyhearted_n or_o iron-hearted_a in_o both_o which_o we_o see_v that_o strength_n be_v proper_o in_o man_n and_o hardness_n in_o such_o body_n as_o stone_n or_o iron_n and_o improper_o in_o wine_n or_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o word_n pilot_n apply_v to_o a_o governor_n in_o moved_n apply_v to_o god_n in_o healthful_a to_o meat_n or_o urine_n thus_o the_o word_n religious_a honour_n worship_n or_o respect_n be_v first_o and_o proper_o apprehend_v as_o belong_v or_o due_a to_o god_n the_o sole_a end_n and_o author_n of_o all_o religion_n and_o analogical_o or_o improper_o to_o holy_a person_n either_o on_o earth_n or_o in_o heaven_n as_o his_o servant_n and_o to_o sacred_a book_n picture_n and_o church_n as_o either_o cause_v exciting_a increase_v or_o belong_v to_o the_o religious_a honour_n due_a proper_o to_o he_o alone_o whence_o religious_a honour_n give_v to_o any_o other_o thing_n can_v be_v explicate_v but_o in_o reference_n to_o god_n the_o only_a proper_a object_n of_o religion_n which_o therefore_o will_v be_v find_v include_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o that_o religious_a honour_n which_o be_v give_v to_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o yet_o what_o endless_a squabble_n contest_v and_o animosity_n have_v this_o one_o equivocation_n produce_v while_o passionate_a or_o ignorant_a man_n will_v needs_o take_v the_o word_n religious_a when_o speak_v of_o those_o different_a thing_n to_o be_v vnivocal_a which_o be_v most_o clear_o analogical_a 15._o the_o next_o way_n be_v to_o observe_v the_o notion_n any_o way_n connect_v in_o our_o common_a speech_n with_o that_o word_n who_o equivocalness_n we_o doubt_v of_o that_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o cause_n effect_n antecedent_n consequent_n contrary_n its_o superior_a and_o inferior_a notion_n its_o circumstance_n etc._n etc._n for_o if_o some_o or_o any_o of_o these_o do_v not_o agree_v to_o the_o mean_v of_o any_o word_n when_o speak_v of_o more_o thing_n or_o find_v in_o diverse_a context_n than_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a it_o be_v speak_v in_o diverse_a sense_n and_o be_v equivocal_a and_o then_o by_o the_o forego_n rule_n we_o may_v certain_o come_v to_o know_v its_o proper_a signification_n so_o in_o the_o notion_n of_o religious_a honour_n apply_v to_o god_n as_o proper_o due_a to_o he_o and_o adoration_n of_o he_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o which_o be_v a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o he_o to_o be_v our_o creator_n redeemer_n sanctifier_n the_o supreme_a lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n the_o searcher_n of_o heart_n and_o judge_n of_o all_o our_o action_n etc._n etc._n none_o of_o these_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v connect_v or_o agree_v to_o any_o of_o the_o other_o improper_o call_v object_n of_o religious_a worship_n so_o when_o we_o style_v any_o eminent_a person_n for_o learning_n a_o great_a man_n we_o shall_v easy_o find_v it_o be_v equivocal_a and_o improper_a because_o greatness_n mean_v in_o proper_a speech_n much_o of_o quantity_n and_o have_v that_o common_a head_n for_o its_o genus_fw-la whereas_o a_o very_a little_a man_n in_o quantity_n may_v be_v great_a in_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o mean_v it_o 16._o the_o three_o way_n be_v to_o attend_v to_o what_o true_a science_n or_o faith_n teach_v we_o for_o since_o one_o truth_n can_v contradict_v another_o therefore_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o in_o case_n we_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o the_o writer_n mean_v be_v true_a his_o word_n must_v be_v take_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o true_a science_n or_o faith_n hence_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n make_v two_o great_a light_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o science_n that_o other_o star_n be_v incomparable_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n hence_o the_o word_n great_a light_n in_o that_o place_n can_v be_v mean_v of_o great_a in_o itself_o but_o as_o to_o their_o appearance_n to_o we_o but_o care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v that_o we_o have_v true_a science_n of_o the_o thing_n express_v by_o such_o word_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o such_o as_o exceed_v our_o pitch_n of_o knowledge_n 17._o the_o context_n may_v help_v much_o to_o give_v we_o the_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o word_n especial_o when_o the_o literal_a truth_n be_v aim_v at_o axiom_n and_o evident_a principle_n be_v lay_v and_o the_o discourse_n be_v perfect_o connect_v or_o coherent_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o symmetry_n find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a discourse_n forbid_v any_o word_n to_o be_v take_v in_o a_o wrong_a signification_n as_o we_o experience_n in_o mathematics_n and_o other_o close_a discourse_n 18._o the_o intention_n of_o the_o author_n and_o the_o argument_n and_o scope_n of_o the_o book_n avail_n much_o to_o direct_v we_o to_o the_o right_a sense_n of_o those_o word_n in_o it_o which_o be_v most_o material_a and_o significant_a for_o the_o notion_n mean_v by_o such_o word_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o step_n which_o lie_v level_v all_o the_o way_n and_o lead_v to_o the_o end_n at_o which_o the_o author_n aim_v they_o and_o therefore_o can_v easy_o permit_v a_o deviation_n from_o their_o true_a sense_n or_o suffer_v their_o mean_v to_o be_v mistake_v 19_o the_o word_n in_o which_o law_n be_v conceive_v be_v best_a interpret_v by_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o those_o
who_o be_v subject_a to_o those_o law_n for_o since_o those_o law_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o common_a practice_n and_o the_o common_a practice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o law_n hence_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o common_a practice_n a_o posteriori_fw-la 20._o but_o the_o very_o best_a and_o most_o assure_a way_n to_o detect_v and_o avoid_v equivocation_n in_o all_o word_n whatever_o be_v to_o observe_v and_o examine_v whether_o the_o same_o definition_n agree_v to_o the_o word_n as_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n for_o since_o the_o definition_n consist_v of_o a_o determinate_a genus_fw-la and_o its_o intrinsecal_n or_o proper_a difference_n it_o must_v needs_o give_v we_o the_o precise_a notion_n or_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n since_o if_o it_o be_v either_o under_o any_o other_o genus_fw-la or_o constitute_v by_o any_o other_o difference_n the_o essence_n which_o they_o constitute_v must_v needs_o be_v a_o different_a essence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n which_o signify_v it_o must_v necessary_o have_v another_o mean_v or_o notion_n corol._n v._o word_n be_v invent_v to_o express_v sense_n or_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o those_o word_n that_o have_v many_o sense_n and_o all_o of_o they_o true_a and_o coherent_a to_o one_o another_o have_v the_o high_a perfection_n that_o word_n can_v possible_o have_v wherefore_o those_o passage_n in_o holy_a scripture_n that_o bear_v both_o a_o literal_a tropological_a or_o moral_a analogical_a and_o anagogical_a sense_n or_o several_a of_o they_o be_v of_o a_o more_o sublime_a nature_n than_o other_o word_n be_v and_o argue_v that_o they_o be_v indict_v by_o a_o divine_a author_n book_n ii_o of_o the_o second_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n or_o judgement_n lesson_n i._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o judgement_n or_o proposition_n in_o common_a of_o their_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o verification_n and_o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o predicate_v 1._o have_v treat_v of_o notion_n and_o of_o their_o clear_a distinction_n and_o expression_n to_o that_o degree_n as_o may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o science_n it_o follow_v of_o course_n that_o we_o treat_v next_o of_o cognition_n or_o the_o put_n together_o of_o notion_n and_o this_o not_o join_v they_o together_o on_o any_o fashion_n by_o rote_n as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o memory_n as_o a_o schoolboy_n get_v a_o latin_a sentence_n without_o book_n the_o meaning_n of_o who_o word_n he_o understand_v and_o revolve_v in_o his_o mind_n but_o regard_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o no_o nor_o yet_o the_o put_v they_o together_o according_a to_o grammatical_a congruity_n as_o be_v this_o sentence_n virtue_n and_o vice_n be_v both_o equal_o laudable_a in_o which_o the_o word_n do_v cohere_v indeed_o according_a to_o grammar_n rule_n but_o the_o sense_n be_v false_a and_o incoherent_a but_o as_o the_o word_n cognition_n import_v it_o must_v be_v the_o connect_v or_o join_v they_o together_o in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n that_o be_v with_o a_o application_n of_o our_o know_a power_n to_o see_v whether_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v thus_o put_v together_o or_o no_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o proposition_n be_v true_a 2._o wherefore_o since_o we_o can_v know_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v so_o but_o what_o be_v true_o so_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o knowledge_n must_v be_v of_o some_o verity_n or_o truth_n and_o this_o not_o of_o a_o truth_n which_o be_v material_o such_o or_o repeat_v in_o our_o mind_n for_o this_o amount_n to_o no_o more_o but_o a_o complex_n notion_n or_o apprehension_n but_o to_o make_v up_o the_o notion_n of_o knowledge_n we_o must_v see_v the_o notion_n of_o which_o that_o truth_n do_v formal_o consist_v to_o be_v true_o and_o indeed_o connect_v as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o stone_n be_v hard_a we_o must_v see_v that_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o stone_n and_o by_o hard_a be_v some_o way_n or_o other_o connect_v in_o the_o thing_n or_o otherwise_o all_o truth_n be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n we_o can_v be_v say_v to_o know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a 3._o judge_v in_o proper_a speech_n be_v not_o mere_o and_o precise_o the_o see_v or_o know_v that_o the_o notion_n be_v connect_v but_o the_o say_v interior_o or_o assent_v hearty_o that_o they_o be_v so_o otherwise_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o but_o what_o be_v so_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o false_a judgement_n wherefore_o judge_v add_v to_o the_o mere_a notion_n of_o knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v the_o subdue_a of_o all_o hesitation_n or_o the_o fixure_n of_o our_o intellective_a faculty_n about_o the_o verity_n or_o falsity_n of_o any_o thing_n whence_o judge_v be_v the_o effect_n immediate_o and_o necessary_o result_v from_o our_o knowledge_n that_o the_o notion_n be_v real_o connect_v when_o it_o be_v a_o true_a judgement_n or_o else_o from_o our_o only_a conceit_v they_o to_o be_v connect_v when_o the_o judgement_n be_v false_a whence_o this_o be_v a_o right_a consequence_n i_o see_v or_o know_v the_o notion_n cohere_v therefore_o i_o judge_v the_o say_v or_o sentence_n that_o signify_v they_o be_v connect_v to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v the_o method_n that_o all_o rational_a or_o judicious_a man_n take_v whereas_o passionate_a or_o ignorant_a man_n who_o be_v blind_o addict_v to_o their_o own_o sentiment_n take_v the_o contrary_a way_n and_o will_v have_v the_o notion_n to_o cohere_v and_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a because_o they_o have_v prejudge_v it_o so_o upon_o some_o other_o motive_n than_o the_o see_v that_o the_o term_n themselves_o be_v indeed_o connect_v it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o knowledge_n also_o fix_v our_o understanding_n and_o therefore_o know_v be_v judge_v i_o answer_v that_o to_o fix_v the_o understanding_n so_o as_o to_o acquiesce_v to_o what_o it_o see_v be_v to_o make_v it_o judge_n but_o the_o notion_n of_o know_v be_v complete_v in_o the_o bare_a see_v the_o term_n connect_v and_o be_v terminate_v in_o regard_v the_o object_n or_o the_o proposition_n that_o be_v know_v but_o judge_v superadd_n to_o it_o that_o it_o be_v moreover_o the_o yield_a to_o reject_v all_o far_a disquisition_n and_o adhere_v firm_o to_o that_o knowledge_n which_o though_o the_o distinction_n between_o they_o be_v nice_a and_o delicate_a be_v another_o consideration_n superad_v to_o mere_a know_v and_o sink_v and_o rivet_n the_o object_n more_o deep_o and_o unremovable_o in_o the_o soul_n last_o the_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o pure_a spirit_n be_v true_a knowledge_n but_o it_o be_v not_o make_v by_o our_o way_n of_o judge_v in_o regard_n they_o neither_o abstract_n nor_o compound_v or_o divide_v notion_n 4._o hence_o be_v see_v that_o to_o make_v judgement_n of_o thing_n out_o of_o true_a knowledge_n be_v the_o great_a natural_a perfection_n our_o soul_n be_v capable_a of_o for_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o but_o what_o be_v so_o or_o true_a all_o judgement_n result_v from_o true_a knowledge_n not_o only_o fill_v our_o mind_n with_o truth_n but_o be_v moreoever_o a_o firm_a adhesion_n to_o truth_n and_o the_o secure_a possession_n of_o those_o incomparable_a endowment_n which_o be_v the_o best_a perfection_n of_o our_o understanding_n and_o make_v we_o like_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n nor_o end_v the_o advantage_n we_o gain_v by_o truth_n in_o mere_a speculation_n but_o truth_n exclude_v from_o its_o notion_n all_o possible_a error_n it_o make_v it_o impossible_a we_o shall_v ever_o embrace_v any_o error_n while_o we_o thus_o judge_n which_o since_o omnis_fw-la peccans_fw-la ignorat_fw-la and_o that_o every_o sinner_n as_o the_o proverb_n be_v have_v his_o blind_a side_n must_v therefore_o if_o truth_n be_v express_a in_o our_o understanding_n and_o keep_v awake_a there_o preserve_v such_o a_o mind_n from_o sin_n and_o by_o make_v right_a and_o lively_a judgement_n of_o our_o present_a and_o future_a state_n and_o of_o our_o several_a duty_n here_o most_o certain_o bring_v we_o to_o eternal_a happiness_n hereafter_o 5._o that_o speech_n that_o connect_v notion_n in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n or_o express_v a_o judgement_n be_v call_v a_o proposition_n that_o be_v such_o a_o speech_n as_o propose_v the_o notion_n and_o put_v they_o into_o such_o a_o frame_n or_o posture_n of_o connexion_n as_o best_o serve_v for_o we_o to_o judge_n whether_o they_o be_v real_o connect_v or_o no._n whence_o it_o must_v consist_v of_o three_o part_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o another_o which_o in_o a_o artificial_a term_n we_o call_v predicate_v and_o that_o notion_n the_o predicate_a that_o of_o which_o it_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v call_v the_o subject_a and_o that_o notion_n which_o signify_v their_o connexion_n call_v the_o copula_fw-la the_o two_o first_o be_v also_o call_v the_o term_n
we_o can_v have_v no_o occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o false_a judgement_n but_o in_o order_n to_o the_o avoid_v they_o which_o be_v easy_o do_v if_o we_o settle_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a one_o hence_o that_o which_o concern_v we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o true_a judgement_n or_o truth_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o those_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n which_o we_o call_v first_o principles_n again_o since_o alâ—_n proposition_n be_v either_o evident_a or_o inevident_a and_o inevident_a or_o obscure_a one_o can_v avail_v we_o in_o our_o quest_n of_o science_n it_o follow_v that_o only_o evident_a proposition_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o or_o make_v use_n of_o by_o those_o who_o aim_v at_o scientifical_a knowledge_n wherefore_o since_o all_o proposition_n or_o judgement_n that_o be_v evident_a must_v either_o be_v self-evident_a or_o make_v evident_a which_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o proof_n and_o these_o latter_a must_v depend_v on_o the_o former_a for_o their_o eviâ—dence_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o former_a which_o be_v self-evident_a 2._o all_o first_o principle_n as_o be_v the_o first_o truth_n must_v be_v self-evident_a proposition_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o very_a term_n for_o be_v the_o first_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o before_o they_o out_o of_o whicâ—_n they_o may_v be_v deduce_v or_o make_v evident_a or_o into_o which_o their_o evidence_n if_o lesser_a may_v be_v resolve_v wherefore_o they_o must_v either_o not_o be_v evident_a at_o all_o which_o will_v destroy_v all_o possibility_n of_o any_o evidence_n or_o they_o must_v be_v self-evident_a 3._o our_o knowledge_n may_v either_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o the_o order_n by_o which_o they_o be_v generate_v in_o we_o at_o first_o or_o according_a to_o the_o dependence_n of_o one_o truth_n on_o another_o and_o the_o resolve_v they_o final_o into_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v the_o way_n that_o nature_n take_v to_o instill_v useful_a knowledge_n into_o we_o when_o as_o yet_o we_o know_v nothing_o the_o late_a be_v the_o method_n which_o art_n make_v use_v of_o to_o polish_v and_o promote_v those_o rude_a and_o short_a knowledge_n have_v from_o nature_n then_o to_o link_v many_o of_o those_o knowledge_n together_o and_o last_o to_o render_v they_o exact_a and_o evident_a by_o resolve_v they_o into_o first_o or_o self-evident_a principle_n to_o do_v which_o we_o call_v to_o beget_v science_n or_o to_o frame_v a_o science_n of_o they_o the_o former_a come_v by_o experience_n unreflect_o the_o late_a be_v attain_v by_o study_n and_o reflection_n and_o it_o be_v of_o this_o late_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n and_o its_o first_o principle_n we_o intend_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o and_o the_o next_o lesson_n reserve_v the_o former_a consideration_n of_o how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n knowledge_n be_v first_o generate_v till_o lesson_n iu._n 4._o the_o self-evidence_n belong_v to_o first_o principle_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o two_o term_n must_v be_v formal_o identical_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v above_o the_o term_n in_o every_o ordinary_a and_o inferior_a proposition_n nay_o in_o every_o conclusion_n that_o be_v true_a must_v be_v material_o the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o proposition_n itself_o material_o identical_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o they_o as_o be_v self-evident_a must_v be_v formal_o identical_a 5._o the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n must_v noâ—_n only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n or_o be_v the_o same_o formal_a notion_n but_o it_o be_v moreover_o most_o convenient_a that_o they_o be_v such_o in_o the_o expression_n also_o thâ—â—_n be_v it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o those_o proposition_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o word_n take_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n for_o since_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o the_o most_o clear_o expressive_a oâ—_n truth_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v and_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o least_o mistake_n and_o word_n be_v subject_a to_o equivocation_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o breed_v mistake_n obscurity_n and_o error_n hence_o first_o principle_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v formal_o identical_a in_o sense_n as_o when_o we_o say_v hoâ—â—_n est_fw-la animal_n rationale_n but_o it_o be_v most_o convenient_a they_o shall_v be_v such_o in_o expression_n too_o as_o homâ—_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la idem_fw-la sibi_fw-la ipsi_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o then_o whatever_o distinction_n in_o case_n of_o ambiguity_n affect_v the_o predicate_v must_v also_o affect_v the_o subject_a and_o so_o the_o proposition_n will_v not_o only_o remain_v still_o most_o formal_o but_o also_o most_o evident_o iâ—_n every_o regard_n identical_a note_v that_o though_o this_o be_v most_o convenient_a yet_o it_o may_v suffice_v that_o the_o term_n when_o explicate_v be_v reducible_a to_o the_o same_o formal_a expression_n by_o the_o same_o word_n as_o when_o we_o say_v a_o whole_o be_v great_a than_o a_o part_n for_n a_o whole_a be_v that_o which_o consist_v of_o part_n and_o a_o thing_n be_v that_o of_o which_o it_o consist_v hence_o a_o whole_a be_v all_o its_o part_n that_o be_v be_v one_o part_n and_o more_o than_o one_o part_n whence_o the_o proportion_n be_v reducible_a to_o this_o what_o be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n be_v more_o than_o a_o part_n which_o be_v not_o only_o most_o formal_o but_o beside_o most_o evident_o identical_a 6._o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o itself_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a â—or_a if_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n self_n which_o be_v soyn_v with_o existence_n be_v but_o understand_v and_o that_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o word_n to_o existence_n be_v not_o mean_v â—o_o signify_v any_o the_o least_o composition_n in_o it_o but_o the_o most_o â—imple_a and_o most_o uncompounded_a actuality_n that_o can_v â—e_v imagine_v then_o the_o same_o formality_n in_o every_o respect_n be_v predicate_v entire_o of_o the_o same_o and_o so_o it_o be_v also_o most_o perfect_o self-evident_a and_o it_o be_v most_o supreme_o such_o because_o it_o express_v the_o existence_n of_o â—he_n deity_n which_o be_v infinite_o more_o simple_a and_o more_o necessary_o itself_o then_o any_o create_a existence_n can_v be_v again_o since_o every_o thing_n the_o more_o potential_a it_o be_v be_v more_o confuse_a that_o be_v less_o distinct_a and_o less_o intelligible_a and_o the_o more_o actual_a it_o be_v the_o more_o intelligible_a and_o the_o divine_a nature_n which_o â—s_v mean_v by_o self-existence_n be_v a_o most_o infinite_o pure_a actuality_n it_o follow_v that_o this_o proposition_n self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v of_o its_o self_n the_o most_o supreme_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v 7._o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v the_o most_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v take_v from_o create_a thing_n for_o since_o existence_n be_v the_o most_o evident_a notion_n that_o can_v be_v find_v among_o all_o our_o notion_n that_o can_v be_v have_v from_o creature_n that_o proposition_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o most_o evident_a and_o consequent_o among_o self-evident_a one_o the_o most_o self-evident_a in_o which_o not_o only_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la but_o of_o the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v too_o be_v existence_n again_o since_o the_o clearness_n of_o all_o truth_n whatever_o depend_v on_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n by_o the_o word_n be_v it_o follow_v that_o unless_o the_o nature_n or_o notion_n of_o existence_n be_v first_o immovable_o fix_v or_o establish_v to_o be_v coherent_a with_o its_o self_n that_o be_v unless_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o existence_n be_v existence_n be_v self-evident_a no_o proposition_n whatever_o can_v be_v absolute_o certain_a clear_a or_o coherent_a and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o possibility_n of_o any_o truth_n certainty_n or_o evidence_n in_o the_o world_n last_o since_o both_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o existence_n they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n and_o the_o essence_n which_o be_v only_a capacity_n of_o be_v belong_v to_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v limit_v or_o apt_a to_o be_v create_v that_o be_v belong_v to_o they_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o creature_n which_o be_v only_o potential_a as_o to_o be_v they_o can_v have_v no_o claim_n thence_o to_o actual_a be_v or_o existence_n but_o mere_o by_o the_o free_a gift_n of_o he_o who_o be_v essential_a be_v hence_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o creature_n and_o their_o be_v such_o be_v take_v pure_o from_o god_n side_n and_o hold_v entire_o of_o he_o whence_o it_o be_v most_o
proposition_n be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o contradiction_n since_o man_n wit_n can_v invent_v a_o proposition_n direct_o opposite_a to_o what_o run_v run_v not_o but_z what_o run_v run_v which_o be_v perfect_o identical_a add_v that_o all_o fault_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o opposite_a good_a contradiction_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o faulty_a but_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o truth_n of_o identical_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v now_o prove_v since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o truth_n which_o they_o direct_o and_o formal_o oppose_v or_o destroy_v 12._o again_o as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o to_o conclude_v be_v to_o show_v the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n to_o be_v connect_v by_o their_o be_v connect_v with_o a_o three_o or_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n but_o how_o can_v we_o show_v that_o middle_a term_n be_v real_o connect_v with_o those_o two_o other_o term_n in_o the_o premise_n by_o find_v still_o another_o middle_a term_n to_o be_v connect_v with_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o how_o far_o must_v this_o go_v on_o endless_o or_o no_o if_o endless_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o thing_n shall_v ever_o come_v to_o be_v prove_v if_o not_o than_o we_o must_v come_v to_o some_o proposition_n who_o term_n be_v so_o connect_v that_o no_o middle_a term_n can_v come_v between_o they_o that_o be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v connect_v by_o mean_n of_o another_o that_o be_v which_o can_v be_v prove_v or_o make_v evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v self-connected_n or_o self-evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v formal_o identical_a to_o enforce_v this_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o remote_a the_o term_n of_o a_o proposition_n be_v from_o formal_a identity_n the_o less_o evident_a they_o be_v and_o the_o more_o prooâ—_n they_o require_v as_o also_o that_o they_o grow_v still_o near_o to_o evidence_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o approach_v to_o be_v formal_o the_o same_o wherefore_o since_o all_o approach_n of_o distant_a thing_n end_n in_o their_o conjoin_v and_o centre_v in_o the_o same_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o approach_v of_o distant_a notion_n end_n in_o their_o be_v the_o same_o in_o notion_n or_o in_o a_o proposition_n formal_o identical_a as_o in_o a_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n 13._o beside_o all_o causality_n or_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n be_v final_o refund_v into_o this_o self-evident_a principle_n that_o thing_n be_v such_o as_o they_o be_v that_o be_v be_v what_o they_o be_v for_o since_o a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o something_o that_o be_v in_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o cause_n as_o such_o be_v that_o which_o impart_v or_o communicate_v something_a it_o have_v to_o the_o matter_n on_o which_o it_o work_v its_o effect_n again_o since_o the_o effect_n be_v such_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o and_o if_o the_o cause_n be_v of_o another_o sort_n the_o effect_n still_o vary_v according_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o causality_n be_v the_o imprint_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o essence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n upon_o the_o matter_n whence_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o natural_a causality_n and_o the_o whole_a efficacy_n of_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o cause_n exist_v that_o be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v only_o motion_n be_v add_v as_o a_o common_a requisite_a to_o apply_v that_o exi_a cause_n better_o or_o worse_o which_o be_v refund_v into_o a_o nature_n superior_a to_o body_n as_o will_v be_v show_v 7_o hereafter_o 14._o last_o god_n himself_o have_v express_v his_o own_o supreme_a essence_n by_o this_o identical_a proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_n qui_fw-la sum_n that_o be_v i_o exist_v or_o be_o existence_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o a_o manner_n with_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n which_o therefore_o be_v the_o first_o increated_a truth_n as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o create_v one_o that_o what_o be_v be_v or_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v therefore_o true_a because_o god_n be_v what_o he_o be_v or_o because_o self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n from_o which_o divine_a and_o sovereign_a verity_n all_o our_o create_a first_o principle_n derive_v their_o truth_n for_o be_v not_o this_o true_a all_o our_o identical_a proposition_n and_o first_o principle_n will_v all_o be_v false_a in_o regard_n they_o have_v their_o verity_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o our_o understanding_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o ground_n or_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o truth_n at_o all_o if_o self-existence_n their_o cause_n be_v not_o self-existence_n and_o thence_o unlimited_a in_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n to_o create_v and_o conserve_v those_o being_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o refer_v this_o section_n to_o the_o three_o corollary_n and_o to_o consider_v they_o well_o together_o because_o they_o mutual_o give_v light_n to_o one_o another_o and_o if_o we_o right_o consider_v it_o as_o the_o proposition_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v only_o the_o reduce_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o homo_fw-la into_o a_o formal_a truth_n so_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sovereign_n metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n corol._n iu._n hence_o be_v see_v that_o a_o atheist_n can_v have_v no_o perfect_o certain_a knowledge_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o by_o deny_v his_o maker_n he_o deserve_o come_v to_o lose_v the_o best_a perfection_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o if_o a_o sceptic_a shall_v put_v he_o to_o prove_v that_o thing_n have_v any_o metaphysical_a verity_n in_o they_o ground_v our_o first_o principle_n and_o consequent_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o object_n that_o for_o any_o thing_n he_o know_v thing_n be_v chimerical_a and_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o beget_v in_o we_o false_a judgement_n he_o be_v utter_o at_o a_o loss_n through_o his_o deny_v a_o first_o cause_n who_o unchangeable_a and_o essential_a truth_n and_o goodness_n have_v establish_v their_o nature_n to_o be_v unalterable_o what_o they_o be_v whence_o only_o any_o certain_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v attain_v 15._o definition_n though_o very_o useful_a to_o science_n be_v not_o self_n evident_a nor_o be_v those_o proposition_n that_o predicate_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o notion_n define_v first_o principle_n for_o self-evident_a principle_n by_o force_n of_o their_o very_a term_n do_v oblige_v the_o understanding_n to_o assent_v which_o such_o proposition_n do_v not_o again_o art_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v such_o definition_n as_o be_v proper_a and_o adjust_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v whereas_o first_o principle_n must_v antecede_v all_o art_n and_o be_v know_v by_o the_o natural_a light_n of_o our_o understanding_n beside_o the_o possibility_n of_o be_v define_v go_v before_o the_o definition_n which_o possibility_n the_o thing_n have_v from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n determine_v it_o to_o be_v this_o and_o no_o other_o for_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o true_o what_o it_o be_v it_o can_v not_o be_v exexplaind_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v it_o not_o one_o that_o be_v undivided_a in_o its_o self_n and_o divide_v from_o all_o other_o it_o can_v not_o be_v comprise_v in_o one_o definition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o determinate_o of_o this_o or_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n can_v not_o be_v draw_v which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o definition_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o proposition_n which_o affirm_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v the_o first_o principle_n and_o ground_n to_o all_o definition_n and_o therefore_o definition_n themselves_o be_v not_o first_a principle_n 16._o this_o be_v further_a evince_v because_o word_n be_v liable_a to_o equivocalness_n where_o there_o be_v more_o word_n as_o there_o be_v in_o definition_n there_o be_v more_o room_n for_o equivocation_n which_o inconvenience_n appear_v no_o where_o more_o than_o in_o the_o know_a definition_n of_o man_n for_o there_o want_v not_o many_o witty_a or_o rather_o half-witted_a discourser_n who_o distinguish_v that_o be_v make_v ambiguous_a the_o word_n rational_a and_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o maintain_v that_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o conclude_v being_n the_o proper_a act_n of_o reason_n can_v conclude_v evident_o in_o line_n and_o number_n but_o not_o in_o logic_n physics_n ethic_n or_o metaphysic_n much_o less_o in_o theology_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o cramp_v the_o definition_n to_o less_o than_o half_a the_o sense_n the_o word_n contain_v there_o be_v other_o
or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n into_o we_o by_o impression_n from_o object_n and_o by_o such_o impression_n or_o by_o their_o affect_v we_o thus_o or_o thus_o their_o different_a nature_n that_o be_v knowledge_n how_o those_o thing_n differ_v from_o one_o another_o and_o difference_n do_v constitute_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o from_o the_o judgement_n or_o knowledge_n that_o we_o be_v strike_v thus_o and_o thus_o by_o these_o and_o these_o object_n we_o be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n of_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o and_o of_o our_o own_o body_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o our_o soul_n have_v the_o power_n of_o compare_v they_o to_o themselves_o and_o to_o other_o nature_n that_o be_v also_o in_o she_o we_o hence_o become_v capable_a of_o frame_v innumerable_a judgement_n concern_v they_o or_o knowledge_n of_o they_o 6._o these_o knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n be_v gain_v to_o a_o fair_a degree_n by_o the_o different_a impression_n of_o object_n be_v make_v more_o express_a and_o improve_v very_o much_o by_o study_n and_o reflection_n for_o since_o study_v and_o reflection_n be_v not_o the_o invent_v new_a or_o counterfeit_n notion_n or_o nature_n of_o our_o own_o coin_v but_o the_o receive_v frequent_o and_o mind_v heedful_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o nature_n have_v imprint_v there_o before_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o in_o corporeal_a sight_n by_o our_o regard_v the_o object_n frequent_o wist_o and_o attentive_o we_o come_v to_o observe_v more_o and_o more_o in_o it_o so_o by_o often_o reflect_v on_o and_o revolve_v intellectual_a object_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o we_o the_o eye_n of_o our_o mind_n must_v needs_o look_v deep_o into_o they_o make_v new_a discovery_n of_o diverse_a consideration_n in_o they_o which_o escape_v a_o single_a cursory_a view_n and_o gain_v more_o exact_a and_o more_o penetrative_a knowledge_n of_o they_o 7._o by_o method_n of_o discourse_v or_o ratiocination_n make_v evident_a by_o maxim_n of_o art_n this_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n be_v not_o vita_fw-la brevis_fw-la may_v come_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n infinite_a for_o all_o this_o be_v perform_v by_o evident_a connexion_n of_o term_n both_o in_o some_o proposition_n which_o be_v truth_n and_o the_o deduce_v other_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o they_o and_o so_o forward_o since_o than_o there_o be_v no_o stint_n assignable_a of_o the_o connexion_n of_o truth_n and_o as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o there_o be_v rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o art_n to_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o connect_v term_n apt_o and_o evident_o it_o follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o bound_n of_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n 8._o from_o what_o be_v say_v above_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a truth_n whence_o all_o our_o science_n be_v generate_v for_o since_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la if_o put_v entire_o or_o explicit_o as_o it_o ought_v be_v ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la be_v antecedent_n to_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la and_o more_o simple_a than_o it_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v know_v the_o other_o can_v possible_o be_v know_v it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o cogito_fw-la or_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v be_v the_o first-known_a proposition_n or_o first_o truth_n that_o can_v be_v lay_v in_o the_o method_n of_o generate_a science_n 9_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a and_o evident_a than_o many_o other_o proposition_n that_o have_v for_o their_o predicate_a notion_n direct_o imprint_v on_o our_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v i_o be_o heat_v hurt_v extend_v move_a etc._n etc._n for_o since_o all_o our_o first-known_a notion_n the_o soul_n be_v rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la come_v by_o impression_n of_o object_n on_o our_o sense_n those_o proposition_n be_v most_o clear_a who_o predicate_v be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o those_o impression_n and_o join_v with_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o judgement_n do_v compound_v those_o proposition_n but_o such_o be_v the_o predicate_v abovesaid_a and_o not_o the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la therefore_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o be_v the_o proposition_n which_o have_v those_o direct_o imprint_v notion_n for_o their_o predicate_v that_o the_o other_o predicate_v be_v notion_n more_o know_v than_o be_v cogitans_fw-la i_o prove_v thus_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v spiritual_a and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v imprint_v in_o the_o soul_n by_o a_o direct_a stroke_n of_o the_o object_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o be_v the_o other_o but_o must_v be_v know_v by_o reflection_n but_o what_o be_v know_v by_o reflection_n be_v less_o easy_o and_o less_o early_o know_v that_o be_v less_o evident_a to_o we_o take_v we_o as_o not_o yet_o imbue_v with_o other_o knowledge_n than_o that_o which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n or_o direct_o therefore_o the_o notion_n of_o cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o know_v than_o be_v those_o other_o predicate_v and_o consequent_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v less_o clear_a than_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la extensus_fw-la vulneratus_fw-la movens_fw-la etc._n etc._n again_o be_v the_o predicate_v cogitans_fw-la know_v experimental_o or_o by_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n which_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o but_o as_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o imagination_n the_o most_o fallacious_a faculty_n we_o have_v cooperate_a with_o the_o understanding_n nay_o be_v it_o a_o affection_n of_o the_o man_n and_o its_o notion_n direct_o imprint_v in_o he_o and_o so_o as_o easy_o and_o early_o know_v as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n yet_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la can_v not_o be_v the_o first_o or_o second_o in_o the_o order_n of_o knowable_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v i_o be_o strike_v or_o affect_a antecede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o have_v such_o a_o affection_n in_o i_o and_o cogitans_fw-la be_v not_o bare_o to_o be_v affect_v by_o object_n but_o to_o have_v such_o a_o manner_n of_o affection_n hence_o the_o proposition_n i_o be_o affect_v by_o object_n be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n precede_v i_o be_o affect_v thus_o or_o i_o be_o think_v and_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o it_o 11._o hence_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v also_o less_o certain_a than_o multitude_n of_o other_o proposition_n who_o predicate_v be_v experimental_o know_v by_o direct_a impression_n on_o the_o sense_n for_o certainty_n follow_v evidence_n as_o its_o proper_a cause_n as_o judge_v do_v know_v wherefore_o if_o that_o proposition_n be_v less_o evident_a it_o be_v also_o less_o certain_a 12._o if_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o way_n of_o evident_a proof_n that_o this_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la be_v the_o most_o absolute_o firm_a ground_n we_o can_v rely_v on_o to_o generate_v and_o principiate_v all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n because_o though_o we_o will_v voluntary_o divest_v ourselves_o of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n and_o call_v they_o into_o doubt_n that_o be_v be_v all_o the_o rest_n uncertain_a and_o myself_o insecure_a whether_o i_o think_v true_a or_o false_a in_o hold_v they_o yet_o it_o be_v unquestionable_o certain_a and_o impossible_a to_o be_v doubt_v of_o but_o that_o whether_o i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n still_o i_o think_v whence_o follow_v that_o the_o proposition_n ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v a_o firm_a basis_n to_o ground_n all_o the_o rest_n upon_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o whole_a discourse_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v a_o paralogism_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o fallacy_n of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v than_o that_o i_o think_v wrong_a or_o right_n for_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o this_o proposition_n i_o think_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o therefore_o antecede_v and_o be_v presuppose_v to_o the_o proposition_n i_o think_v right_a or_o wrong_n or_o thus_o and_o thus_o and_o consequent_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a and_o more_o certain_a than_o these_o be_v but_o the_o true_a point_n be_v whether_o i_o be_o more_o certain_a that_o i_o think_v at_o all_o than_o that_o i_o be_o certain_a that_o i_o be_o since_o if_o it_o be_v not_o presuppose_v that_o i_o be_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o i_o shall_v be_v certain_a that_o i_o be_o think_v or_o any_o thing_n like_o
science_n must_v be_v ground_v on_o such_o this_o last_o §_o require_v and_o suppose_v that_o none_o of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v to_o signify_v any_o of_o the_o three_o term_n be_v take_v there_o equivocal_o for_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v take_v now_o in_o one_o sense_n now_o in_o another_o that_o be_v if_o any_o of_o these_o word_n have_v in_o the_o same_o syllogism_n two_o meaning_n or_o notion_n then_o however_o the_o sound_n or_o character_n oâ—_n that_o word_n may_v seem_v the_o same_o in_o a_o verbal_a syllogism_n and_o make_v a_o show_n of_o its_o have_v only_o three_o term_n yet_o in_o a_o mental_a syllogism_n which_o only_o be_v formal_o and_o essential_o such_o there_o be_v four_o notion_n of_o the_o extreme_n that_o be_v four_o term_n wherefore_o such_o a_o discourse_n if_o it_o be_v indeed_o at_o all_o such_o and_o not_o a_o mere_a blunder_n be_v a_o paralogism_n or_o a_o falâ—e_n and_o deceitful_a argumentation_n and_o not_o a_o syllogism_n because_o a_o syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v apt_a to_o prove_v the_o connexion_n of_o two_o term_n by_o their_o joint-connexion_n with_o a_o three_o and_o therefore_o can_v consist_v but_o of_o three_o term_n 8._o it_o be_v most_o requisite_a also_o that_o a_o syllogism_n be_v frame_v after_o the_o best_a manner_n which_o be_v do_v by_o dispose_v all_o its_o part_n in_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o may_v make_v the_o connexion_n of_o the_o middle_a term_n with_o the_o other_o two_o most_o clear_a for_o we_o experience_n that_o the_o place_v the_o word_n apt_o render_v every_o common_a discourse_n clear_a much_o more_o be_v it_o requisite_a in_o so_o nice_a and_o exact_a a_o discourse_n as_o a_o syllogism_n be_v where_o there_o be_v but_o three_o term_n to_o be_v place_v 9_o to_o place_v the_o part_n of_o a_o syllogism_n right_a no_o more_o be_v requisite_a but_o to_o place_n right_o the_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n for_o the_o proposition_n that_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v or_o prove_v and_o consequent_o the_o order_n of_o its_o term_n be_v give_v we_o to_o our_o hand_n and_o already_o determine_v and_o the_o câ—pula_n must_v of_o necessity_n still_o keep_v its_o own_o place_n so_o that_o nothing_o more_o can_v be_v require_v but_o to_o place_n right_o the_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n for_o that_o do_v the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o two_o term_n conjoin_v with_o it_o there_o must_v as_o will_v appear_v present_o be_v likewise_o necessary_o determine_v and_o so_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o syllogism_n will_v be_v place_v and_o order_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v 10._o the_o middle_a term_n be_v then_o place_v right_o when_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_a or_o between_o those_o other_o two_o term_n which_o it_o be_v to_o conjoin_v with_o one_o another_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n for_o be_v it_o not_o join_v to_o both_o it_o can_v not_o be_v the_o mean_n of_o conjoin_v they_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v join_v to_o both_o unless_o its_o notion_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n or_o between_o both_o 11._o hence_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v be_v inferior_a in_o notion_n to_o one_o of_o those_o term_n and_o superior_a to_o the_o other_o for_o since_o as_o have_v be_v show_v above_o notion_n do_v arise_v orderly_o from_o the_o inferior_a to_o the_o superior_a one_o it_o follow_v that_o that_o notion_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a between_o other_o two_o which_o be_v inferior_a to_o one_o of_o those_o notion_n and_o superior_a to_o the_o other_o 12._o wherefore_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v in_o the_o two_o proposition_n which_o be_v the_o premise_n be_v the_o subject_a to_o one_o of_o the_o term_n and_o the_o predicate_v to_o the_o other_o for_o since_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v be_v inferior_a in_o notion_n to_o one_o of_o those_o term_n and_o superior_a to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o inferior_a or_o narrow_a notion_n by_o virtue_n of_o its_o place_n 14._o be_v to_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o superior_a and_o large_a notion_n the_o predicate_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v be_v the_o subject_a in_o one_o of_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o predicate_v in_o the_o other_o for_o example_n in_o this_o syllogism_n virtue_n be_v laudable_a courtesy_n be_v a_o virtue_n therefore_o courtesy_n be_v laudable_a the_o proposition_n courtesy_n be_v laudable_a be_v the_o conclusion_n and_o to_o be_v prove_v and_o so_o the_o placing_z of_o its_o term_n be_v already_o determine_v the_o middle_a term_n virtue_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n be_v subject_a to_o or_o under_o laudable_a in_o the_o major_n and_o above_o or_o superior_a to_o courtesy_n in_o the_o minor_n 13._o though_o the_o place_n of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o determine_v yet_o the_o reason_n late_o give_v will_v determine_v it_o for_o if_o laudble_a be_v above_o virtue_n and_o virtue_n above_o courtesy_n it_o must_v follow_v à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la that_o laudable_a must_v be_v above_o courtesy_n which_o be_v the_o low_a of_o the_o three_o or_o that_o laudable_a must_v be_v the_o predicate_v in_o the_o conclusion_n 14._o wherefore_o the_o other_o two_o figure_n be_v unnatural_a and_o monstrous_a for_o since_o nature_n have_v show_v we_o that_o what_o conjoyn_v two_o notion_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o they_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n and_o reason_n to_o place_v it_o either_o above_o they_o both_o as_o be_v do_v in_o that_o they_o call_v the_o second_o figure_n or_o under_o they_o both_o as_o be_v do_v in_o that_o figure_n they_o call_v the_o three_o 15._o hence_o no_o determinate_a conclusion_n can_v follow_v in_o either_o of_o the_o last_o figure_n from_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o part_n in_o the_o syllogism_n for_o since_o as_o appear_v §_o 13._o the_o extreme_a which_o be_v predicate_v of_o the_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o major_n have_v thence_o a_o title_n to_o be_v the_o predicate_v in_o the_o conclusion_n because_o it_o be_v above_o the_o middle_a term_n which_o be_v the_o predicate_a or_o above_o the_o other_o extreme_a in_o the_o minor_a it_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v twice_o above_o or_o twice_o below_o the_o other_o two_o term_n in_o the_o premise_n that_o reason_n cease_v and_o so_o it_o be_v leave_v indifferent_a which_o of_o the_o other_o two_o term_n be_v to_o be_v the_o subject_a or_o predicate_v in_o the_o conclusion_n and_o the_o indeterminate_a conclusion_n follow_v not_o from_o the_o artificial_a form_n of_o the_o syllogism_n but_o mere_o from_o the_o material_a identity_n of_o all_o the_o three_o term_n or_o from_o this_o that_o their_o notion_n be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o ens._n wherefore_o from_o these_o premise_n some_o laudable_a thing_n be_v virtue_n courtesy_n be_v a_o virtue_n or_o from_o these_o virtue_n be_v laudable_a some_o virtue_n be_v courtesy_n the_o conclusion_n may_v either_o be_v therefore_o courtesy_n be_v laudable_a or_o some_o laudable_a thing_n be_v courtesy_n so_o that_o to_o argue_v on_o that_o fashion_n or_o to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o awkward_a figure_n be_v not_o to_o know_v certain_o the_o end_n or_o conclusion_n we_o aim_v at_o but_o to_o shoot_v our_o bolt_n at_o no_o determinate_a mark_n since_o no_o determinate_a conclusion_n can_v in_o that_o case_n follow_v 16._o from_o these_o eight_o last_o §§_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o unnatural_a and_o more_o inartificial_a than_o to_o invent_v two_o other_o figure_n and_o then_o to_o study_v how_o to_o lay_v many_o elaborate_v rule_n how_o to_o reduce_v they_o again_o to_o the_o first_o for_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o our_o last_o discourse_n that_o this_o be_v no_o better_a than_o to_o use_v our_o wit_n to_o contrive_v how_o to_o err_v and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v to_o take_v twice_o as_o much_o pain_n in_o show_v how_o we_o may_v get_v into_o it_o again_o whenas_o we_o may_v easy_o have_v stay_v in_o the_o right_a way_n when_o we_o be_v in_o it_o and_o have_v save_v all_o that_o misspend_v labour_n 17._o wherefore_o if_o a_o adversary_n put_v a_o syllogism_n in_o baroco_n or_o bocardo_n or_o in_o any_o mood_n of_o the_o two_o last_o mishapen_a figure_n the_o respondent_fw-la oughts_z by_o the_o reason_n here_o give_v to_o show_v he_o plain_o and_o then_o tell_v he_o roundly_o that_o his_o syllogism_n be_v illogical_a and_o inartificial_a and_o require_v of_o he_o to_o mend_v it_o and_o if_o the_o opponent_n to_o justify_v his_o proceed_n allege_v universal_a custom_n of_o the_o school_n then_o to_o tell_v he_o smart_o that_o no_o authority_n custom_n or_o prescription_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v as_o a_o just_a plea_n against_o reason_n in_o matter_n subject_a to_o reason_n and_o that_o be_v aught_o to_o perfect_a and_o not_o
her_o natural_a perfection_n 23._o hence_o follow_v that_o such_o syllogism_n be_v good_a for_o use_n and_o practise_v and_o only_o for_o that_o for_o since_o such_o syllogism_n be_v true_a discourse_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o whole_o in_o vain_a but_o must_v be_v good_a for_o something_o wherefore_o since_o they_o conduce_v not_o at_o all_o to_o speculation_n or_o generate_a science_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v be_v good_a for_o use_n or_o practise_v and_o for_o that_o only_a again_o since_o all_o outward_a action_n use_v and_o practice_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o such_o subject_n as_o exist_v and_o nothing_o exist_v but_o suppositum_n individuum_n or_o singular_n it_o follow_v that_o singular_n be_v the_o proper_a subject_n of_o artificer_n or_o such_o as_o work_v outward_o upon_o determinate_a matter_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o singular_n be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o such_o man_n for_o by_o this_o they_o know_v how_o to_o work_v upon_o those_o subject_n and_o manage_v they_o according_o for_o example_n a_o architect_n by_o know_v the_o certain_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n of_o his_o material_n wood_n brick_n or_o stone_n may_v build_v a_o house_n but_o he_o can_v without_o the_o science_n of_o mathematics_n have_v a_o clear_a knowledge_n out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o quantity_n why_o it_o must_v be_v so_o always_o though_o it_o hit_v to_o do_v so_o once_o or_o hic_fw-la est_fw-la nunc_fw-la note_v that_o practical_a self_n evidence_n may_v oftentimes_o as_o be_v show_v former_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n supply_v here_o the_o place_n of_o science_n and_o operate_v like_o it_o though_o it_o can_v never_o arrive_v to_o that_o clear_a and_o ground_a penetration_n into_o the_o reason_n of_o such_o action_n as_o be_v find_v in_o scientifical_a men._n 24._o hence_o the_o way_n of_o argue_v by_o induction_n can_v never_o breed_v science_n first_o because_o out_o of_o pure_a particular_n nothing_o follow_v next_o because_o to_o argue_v from_o some_o part_n or_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a be_v inconsequent_a wherefore_o we_o can_v thence_o infer_v a_o universal_a proposition_n or_o gain_n science_n of_o any_o nature_n unless_o we_o can_v enumerate_v all_o the_o singular_n in_o the_o world_n that_o be_v all_o the_o part_n so_o to_o make_v up_o a_o equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v impossible_a 25._o hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o some_o universal_a proposition_n must_v be_v take_v in_o if_o we_o will_v conclude_v any_o thing_n from_o a_o singular_a one_o this_o have_v be_v ample_o show_v above_o and_o according_o in_o mathematics_n universal_a maxim_n and_o axiom_n use_v to_o be_v first_o lay_v without_o which_o nothing_o in_o any_o subject_a can_v be_v know_v scientifical_o 26._o further_o it_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o former_a discourse_n that_o hypotheticall_a or_o conditional_a syllogism_n be_v in_o proper_a speech_n no_o legitimate_a syllogism_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o generate_v science_n but_o by_o see_v in_o common_a and_o confuse_o they_o be_v the_o same_o in_o sense_n with_o categorical_a one_o for_o since_o we_o can_v see_v evident_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o conclusion_n or_o have_v science_n of_o it_o but_o by_o see_v evident_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o two_o extreme_n with_o the_o middle_a term_n and_o this_o can_v be_v see_v evident_o unless_o all_o the_o term_n be_v posturd_v in_o their_o right_a place_n as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n therefore_o since_o neither_o this_o clear_a position_n of_o the_o term_n nor_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o be_v find_v in_o hypothetical_n syllogism_n they_o be_v not_o in_o proper_a speech_n syllogism_n any_o more_o than_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o more_o concise_a rhetorical_a discourse_n which_o have_v oftentimes_o virtual_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o categorical_a syllogism_n in_o they_o though_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v disjoint_v and_o out_o of_o that_o due_a order_n that_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o a_o syllogism_n 27._o wherefore_o all_o hypothetical_n syllogism_n ought_v in_o dispute_n to_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o for_o the_o major_a neither_o absolute_o affirm_v nor_o deny_v and_o therefore_o can_v be_v absolute_o either_o affirm_v or_o deny_v next_o the_o same_o major_a proposition_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o consequence_n in_o its_o single_a self_n and_o so_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o imperfect_a syllogism_n even_o take_v alone_o 3_o it_o do_v not_o identify_v its_o term_n and_o last_o unless_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o the_o figure_n of_o its_o part_n can_v clear_o appear_v 28._o the_o way_n to_o reduce_v they_o be_v to_o vary_v the_o phrase_n or_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n still_o keep_v the_o same_o sense_n for_o example_n this_o hypothetical_n if_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n it_o ought_v to_o seek_v after_o but_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v seek_v after_o may_v easy_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o categorical_a syllogism_n in_o barbara_n thus_o what_o ever_o be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v after_o but_o all_o science_n be_v a_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n therefore_o all_o science_n ought_v to_o be_v look_v after_o 29._o for_o some_o of_o the_o same_o reason_n disjunctive_a syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o categorical_a one_o as_o it_o be_v either_o day_n or_o night_n but_o it_o be_v not_o day_n therefore_o it_o be_v night_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o categorical_a in_o darii_n thus_o da-what_a ever_o time_n be_v not_o day_n be_v night_n ri_fw-la this_o present_a time_n be_v not_o day_n therefore_o i_o this_o present_a time_n be_v night_n lesson_n iii_o of_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o what_o middle_a term_n be_v proper_a for_o demonstration_n the_o right_a manner_n of_o frame_v a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o of_o draw_v a_o consequence_n right_a which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o lay_v open_a from_o its_o ground_n there_o remain_v no_o more_o to_o be_v do_v as_o to_o the_o attainment_n of_o science_n but_o to_o show_v what_o be_v the_o proper_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o rigorous_a discourse_n for_o since_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n do_v constitute_v the_o whole_a essence_n or_o nature_n of_o every_o thing_n if_o both_o these_o be_v make_v know_v there_o can_v nothing_o more_o be_v want_v for_o we_o to_o conclude_v or_o prove_v evident_o which_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n and_o aim_v of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o logic_n wherefore_o all_o the_o elaborate_a rule_n that_o occur_v in_o common_a logician_n which_o conduce_v not_o to_o this_o end_n be_v frivolous_a and_o mere_o invent_v for_o vain_a show_n and_o ostentation_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o advance_v science_n that_o they_o pester_v the_o way_n to_o it_o by_o make_v in_o more_o perplex_v and_o intricate_a which_o obstruct_v the_o attainment_n of_o it_o 2._o such_o a_o middle_a term_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o conjoin_v the_o other_o two_o be_v the_o only_a matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n for_o since_o there_o can_v be_v in_o a_o lawful_a syllogism_n but_o three_o term_n and_o two_o of_o they_o be_v give_v to_o our_o hand_n in_o the_o thesis_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o the_o right_n place_v of_o those_o term_n belong_v to_o the_o form_n of_o it_o there_o be_v no_o consideration_n leave_v that_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o or_o which_o join_v with_o the_o former_a make_v it_o evident_o conclude_v but_o such_o a_o middle_a term_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o conjoin_v the_o other_o two_o in_o the_o conclusion_n 3._o wherefore_o such_o a_o term_n be_v find_v and_o order_v in_o the_o right_a form_n nothing_o more_o can_v be_v require_v to_o gain_v science_n of_o any_o proposition_n whatever_o for_o this_o do_v the_o conclusion_n so_o necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a it_o shall_v not_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v that_o a_o identical_a proposition_n shall_v be_v false_a or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o a_o contradiction_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o be_v the_o high_a impossibility_n wherefore_o since_o to_o have_v science_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o know_v evident_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o and_o can_v but_o be_v so_o and_o this_o be_v know_v by_o the_o mean_n now_o mention_v it_o follow_v that_o no_o thing_n more_o can_v be_v require_v to_o gain_v science_n of_o any_o proposition_n whatever_o 4._o hence_o such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrative_a and_o to_o produce_v or_o frame_v such_o a_o syllogism_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v for_o since_o a_o demonstration_n bear_v in_o its_o notion_n that_o it_o must_v be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o most_o evident_a proof_n than_o can_v be_v and_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o render_v
struggle_n that_o be_v half_a unwilling_o yield_v to_o corol._n i._n hence_o abstract_v from_o faith_n and_o theology_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v against_o the_o originist_n by_o reason_n reflect_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o the_o devil_n be_v to_o be_v eternal_o damn_a and_o how_o and_o why_o it_o be_v impossible_a their_o hell_n shall_v have_v a_o end_n for_o they_o can_v be_v save_v without_o repentance_n nor_o repent_v without_o have_v some_o new_a motive_n which_o they_o either_o know_v not_o of_o before_o or_o do_v not_o well_o consider_v of_o it_o neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v place_n here_o for_o since_o they_o acquire_v no_o new_a knowledge_n either_o by_o the_o sense_n or_o by_o discourse_n it_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v all_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a that_o be_v due_a to_o their_o nature_n that_o be_v they_o know_v all_o they_o can_v possible_o know_v and_o out_o of_o that_o knowledge_n make_v their_o full_a and_o final_a choice_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v consideration_n in_o a_o knower_n that_o see_v all_o thing_n by_o simple_a intuition_n for_o consideration_n be_v the_o compare_v one_o motive_n with_o another_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o operation_n proper_a to_o that_o knower_n that_o work_v by_o abstract_a notion_n or_o consideration_n of_o the_o thing_n whence_o it_o be_v most_o improper_a and_o incompetent_a to_o such_o a_o intelligent_a be_v as_o know_v all_o as_o once_o by_o way_n of_o simple_a intuition_n corol._n ii_o though_o all_o that_o can_v concern_v the_o internal_a operation_n of_o angel_n be_v finish_v in_o a_o instant_a yet_o we_o may_v for_o all_o that_o conceive_v certain_a priority_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o course_n or_o process_n as_o it_o be_v of_o what_o belong_v to_o they_o in_o that_o first_o instant_a v_o g._n we_o can_v conceive_v they_o to_o be_v and_o to_o be_v good_a according_a to_o thâ—ir_a essence_n and_o existence_n as_o come_v immediate_o out_o of_o god_n hand_n ere_o we_o conceive_v their_o own_o deprave_a will_n make_v they_o bad._n we_o can_v conceive_v they_o to_o know_v themselves_o ere_o they_o know_v in_o and_o by_o themselves_o the_o whole_a angelical_a order_n and_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n we_o can_v conceive_v they_o to_o know_v themselves_o as_o most_o fit_a under_o god_n to_o preside_v over_o humane_a nature_n ere_o they_o know_v that_o a_o man_n by_o the_o incarnation_n of_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v their_o head_n and_o as_o it_o be_v take_v their_o office_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n and_o be_v lord_n of_o themselves_o too_o we_o can_v conceive_v they_o to_o know_v this_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o aversion_n from_o god_n ere_o we_o can_v conceive_v they_o to_o have_v have_v that_o aversion_n from_o he_o for_o his_o thus_o order_v thing_n we_o can_v conceive_v lucifer_n their_o ringleader_n to_o have_v have_v that_o aversion_n ere_o he_o propose_v his_o seditious_a thought_n to_o other_o angel_n to_o debauch_v they_o from_o 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comparison_n to_o say_v a_o angel_n be_v as_o know_v as_o a_o horse_n be_v strong_a or_o as_o a_o wall_n be_v hard_a wherefore_o before_o and_o after_o which_o be_v difference_n of_o time_n or_o successive_a motion_n can_v never_o be_v with_o good_a sense_n apply_v to_o the_o operation_n of_o pure_a spirit_n again_o shall_v we_o allow_v such_o instant_n succeed_v one_o another_o it_o will_v avail_v nothing_o 8.9.10_o for_o since_o one_o indivisible_a add_v to_o another_o can_v make_v a_o thing_n great_a nor_o consequent_o a_o duration_n long_o the_o put_v many_o of_o they_o advance_v no_o far_a than_o the_o first_o indivisible_a or_o the_o first_o instant_a add_v that_o even_o those_o divine_n who_o put_v diverse_a instant_n do_v all_o owe_v our_o principle_n that_o angel_n be_v indivisible_a substance_n for_o do_v they_o hold_v they_o corporeal_a as_o some_o of_o the_o father_n do_v i_o shall_v not_o wonder_v at_o their_o inconsistency_n but_o they_o be_v frighten_v from_o the_o conclusion_n that_o natural_o and_o necessary_o follow_v thence_o either_o because_o they_o vain_o fear_v scripture-text_n express_v thing_n humano_fw-la more_z or_o in_o accommodation_n to_o our_o low_a conception_n can_v otherwise_o be_v verify_v or_o else_o because_o those_o conclusion_n too_o much_o shock_v their_o fancy_n by_o their_o seem_a extravagancy_n or_o last_o because_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o gratify_v and_o please_v the_o fancy_n of_o the_o vulgar_a which_o be_v startle_v at_o such_o uncouth_a proposition_n and_o this_o be_v one_o mane_n hindrance_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o science_n when_o man_n be_v afraid_a of_o their_o own_o conclusion_n because_o the_o herd_n of_o vulgar_a philosopher_n will_v dislike_v and_o decry_v they_o a_o fault_n which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o in_o this_o former_a treatise_n but_o have_v both_o avoid_v it_o myself_o and_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prevent_v it_o in_o other_o by_o hold_v firm_o and_o direct_v other_o to_o hold_v to_o the_o right_a notion_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o to_o pursue_v steady_o the_o consequence_n that_o do_v natural_o issue_v from_o they_o how_o awkward_a soever_o the_o conclusion_n may_v seem_v to_o those_o who_o take_v their_o measure_n from_o fancy_n how_o to_o frame_v their_o rule_n of_o logic_n which_o be_v to_o direct_v their_o reason_n lesson_n viii_o of_o opinion_n and_o faith_n 1._o science_n be_v ground_v on_o intrinsical_a medium_n and_o on_o such_o as_o be_v proper_a or_o immediate_o connect_v with_o the_o extremes_n whence_o it_o have_v to_o be_v evident_a it_o follow_v that_o those_o medium_n which_o be_v either_o extrinsical_a to_o the_o thing_n or_o common_a one_o can_v beget_v science_n but_o some_o inevident_a or_o obscure_a kind_n of_o light_n call_v faith_n and_o opinion_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o extrinsical_a medium_fw-la call_v witness_v authority_n or_o testimony_n the_o late_a on_o remote_a or_o 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thing_n and_o the_o thing_n be_v infallible_o what_o itself_o be_v and_o our_o knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v essential_o a_o conformity_n to_o that_o thing_n be_v infallible_o as_o the_o thing_n be_v it_o follow_v demonstrative_o that_o certainty_n which_o determin_n and_o fix_v our_o understanding_n by_o such_o a_o knowledge_n or_o a_o knowledge_n so_o ground_v must_v be_v likewise_o infallible_a last_o to_o omit_v many_o other_o conclusive_a proof_n if_o infallibility_n and_o certainty_n be_v not_o the_o same_o notion_n than_o they_o be_v different_a notion_n that_o be_v infallible_a be_v one_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o certainty_n distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o certainty_n wherefore_o there_o must_v in_o that_o supposition_n be_v another_o species_n of_o certainty_n which_o be_v not_o infallible_a that_o be_v since_o what_o be_v not_o infallible_a must_v be_v fallible_a there_o must_v be_v another_o species_n of_o certainty_n which_o be_v fallible_a certainty_n but_o this_o be_v against_o the_o common_a sense_n and_o language_n of_o mankind_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v great_a nonsense_n than_o to_o say_v i_o be_o fallible_o certain_a of_o such_o a_o thing_n nor_o though_o there_o can_v not_o want_v occasion_n to_o use_v such_o word_n be_v it_o ever_o hear_v or_o read_v since_o the_o creation_n that_o any_o man_n do_v ever_o join_v these_o two_o word_n fallible_o and_o certain_a together_o in_o their_o discourse_n and_o write_n therefore_o infallible_a be_v not_o a_o difference_n of_o certainty_n as_o its_o genus_fw-la or_o which_o the_o same_o a_o notion_n different_n from_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o notion_n with_o it_o or_o that_o certainty_n and_o infallibility_n be_v all_o one_o quaere_fw-la why_o be_v infallible_a then_o add_v to_o certainty_n if_o it_o have_v no_o different_a signification_n from_o it_o or_o do_v not_o add_v some_o degree_n of_o certainty_n to_o it_o or_o why_o do_v mankind_n use_v such_o a_o needless_a tautology_n it_o be_v answer_v we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o to_o say_v i_o be_o infallible_o certain_a of_o such_o a_o thing_n suit_n very_o well_o with_o the_o notion_n and_o the_o sense_n and_o language_n of_o mankind_n yet_o man_n never_o use_v it_o but_o when_o some_o circumstance_n require_v it_o to_o put_v other_o out_o of_o all_o possible_a doubt_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n and_o then_o nature_n put_v they_o upon_o redouble_v as_o it_o be_v their_o word_n or_o expression_n to_o assure_v they_o of_o their_o certainty_n of_o that_o thing_n thus_o in_o such_o case_n they_o use_v to_o say_v i_o know_v it_o i_o tell_v you_o once_o again_o i_o know_v it_o to_o be_v so_o or_o they_o think_v it_o not_o enough_o to_o say_v bare_o i_o see_v it_o or_o i_o hear_v it_o but_o they_o express_v themselves_o thus_o i_o see_v it_o with_o my_o own_o eye_n or_o i_o hear_v it_o with_o my_o own_o ear_n which_o be_v it_o not_o on_o such_o a_o occasion_n will_v seem_v foolish_a and_o tautological_a since_o no_o man_n can_v see_v but_o with_o his_o own_o eye_n nor_o hear_v but_o with_o his_o own_o ear_n or_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o some_o man_n use_v in_o such_o occasion_n to_o join_v infallible_a to_o certainty_n to_o signify_v true_a certainty_n and_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o mock-certainty_n call_v moral_a which_o must_v be_v a_o fallible_a certainty_n if_o it_o be_v any_o certainty_n at_o all_o that_o be_v a_o uncertain_a certainty_n whence_o since_o mankind_n never_o use_v such_o a_o phrase_n as_o fallible_o certain_a though_o they_o may_v have_v have_v many_o occasion_n to_o do_v so_o have_v it_o not_o be_v chimerical_a and_o nonsense_n and_o against_o their_o natural_a notion_n of_o certainty_n we_o may_v hence_o far_o demonstrate_v in_o confirmation_n of_o our_o 19_o sect._n that_o moral_a certainty_n be_v if_o any_o a_o fallible_a certainty_n be_v no_o kind_n of_o certainty_n at_o 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call_v moral_a certainty_n which_o shall_v be_v partly_o the_o one_o partly_o the_o other_o to_o which_o they_o be_v force_v by_o their_o bad_a speculation_n and_o the_o care_n of_o their_o credit_n for_o it_o be_v high_o opprobrious_a to_o say_v they_o have_v no_o certainty_n at_o all_o in_o their_o write_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o such_o superficial_a discourser_n to_o show_v any_o thing_n true_o certain_a because_o they_o dare_v not_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o to_o uphold_v their_o repute_n on_o some_o fashion_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o advance_v this_o ambidextrous_a notion_n of_o moral_a certainty_n which_o may_v be_v either_o certain_a or_o uncertain_a as_o occasion_v serve_v whereas_o as_o have_v be_v show_v above_o they_o may_v with_o full_a as_o much_o reason_n have_v invent_v a_o compound_v of_o be_v and_o be_v not_o which_o will_v have_v do_v a_o great_a kindness_n to_o scepticism_n and_o have_v be_v a_o most_o excellent_a ground_n to_o verify_v contradiction_n nor_o be_v this_o speak_v in_o the_o air_n diverse_a of_o they_o have_v make_v many_o great_a step_n towards_o this_o heroic_a exploit_n to_o unman_n mankind_n by_o their_o put_a vacuum_n imaginary_a space_n subsistent_a dimension_n negative_a entity_n and_o such_o chimera_n to_o have_v a_o be_v though_o either_o direct_o or_o by_o consequence_n they_o have_v be_v manifest_v to_o be_v pure_a nothing_o and_o as_o they_o deal_v with_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la by_o confound_v it_o with_o non_fw-fr entity_n so_o they_o labour_v hard_a to_o do_v the_o same_o with_o the_o notion_n of_o existence_n too_o as_o be_v see_v above_o for_o they_o be_v utter_o destroy_v the_o notion_n of_o be_v and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v be_v while_o all_o their_o sceptical_a discourse_n will_v have_v those_o best_a perfection_n of_o our_o understanding_n i_o mean_v certainty_n that_o be_v immediate_o ground_v on_o and_o correspond_v to_o the_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v possible_a not_o to_o be_v as_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o possible_a to_o be_v false_a which_o they_o must_v be_v if_o the_o notion_n of_o certainty_n may_v be_v compound_v with_o moral_a 21._o no_o testimony_n that_o be_v fallible_a in_o what_o it_o atte_v can_v prove_v the_o thing_n attest_v by_o it_o to_o be_v true_a for_o since_o knowledge_n in_o the_o attester_n be_v necessary_a to_o ground_v all_o attestation_n and_o give_v it_o any_o weight_n and_o a_o testimony_n that_o be_v fallible_a in_o what_o it_o atte_v may_v be_v deceive_v in_o what_o it_o atte_v it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o know_v that_o thing_n it_o atte_v because_o all_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o understanding_n be_v formal_o that_o be_v infallible_o as_o the_o thing_n be_v whence_o follow_v that_o how_o firm_o soever_o such_o attester_n may_v deem_v or_o opine_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v high_o likely_a to_o be_v true_a yet_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o know_v real_o and_o indeed_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v true_a whence_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o such_o attester_n can_v never_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o thing_n truth_n fundamental_o consider_v consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a as_o be_v the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n know_v and_o formal_a truth_n or_o truth_n in_o we_o be_v the_o conformity_n of_o our_o understanding_n to_o the_o thing_n thus_o exist_v and_o therefore_o consist_v likewise_o in_o a_o indivisible_a which_o set_v it_o above_o all_o gradual_a approach_n of_o likelihood_n or_o probability_n of_o be_v so_o nay_o above_o all_o possibility_n of_o noâ—_n be_v so_o that_o be_v of_o be_v false_a again_o they_o who_o be_v fallible_a in_o the_o thing_n they_o attest_n may_v be_v deceive_v in_o that_o thing_n that_o be_v may_v be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o so_o what_o be_v build_v on_o their_o testimony_n may_v be_v
to_o the_o cause_n to_o expose_v he_o to_o contempt_n by_o baffle_v he_o 8._o to_o reflect_v that_o though_o the_o word_n in_o common_a have_v the_o same_o sense_n yet_o as_o stand_v in_o the_o context_n it_o may_v have_v diverse_a construction_n and_o so_o cause_v that_o fallacy_n we_o call_v amphibology_n 9_o that_o not_o only_o single_a word_n and_o sentence_n may_v be_v ambiguous_a but_o there_o may_v lurk_v a_o equivocation_n even_o in_o the_o connexion_n itself_o as_o when_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v accidental_o join_v to_o one_o extreme_a by_o be_v and_o essential_o to_o another_o thus_o far_o of_o disputation_n when_o the_o defendant_n hold_v a_o false_a tenet_n which_o be_v the_o only_a method_n a_o honest_a man_n who_o sole_a end_n be_v to_o evince_v truth_n and_o beat_v down_o error_n aught_o to_o take_v the_o follow_a way_n be_v more_o become_v vain_a sophister_n who_o aim_n it_o be_v to_o combat_v truth_n on_o any_o fashion_n yet_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o honest_a man_n shall_v know_v they_o that_o they_o may_v know_v how_o to_o avoid_v the_o ambush_n and_o snare_n of_o truth_n be_v enemy_n 5._o the_o second_o case_n than_o be_v when_o the_o defendant_n hold_v a_o true_a point_n v_o g._n that_o there_o be_v angel_n and_o yet_o hold_v a_o false_a one_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o v_o g._n that_o that_o which_o be_v no_o where_o or_o in_o no_o place_n be_v not_o the_o disputant_n if_o crafty_a may_v make_v use_n of_o this_o false_a thesis_n to_o overthrow_v the_o true_a one_o thus_o nothing_o that_o be_v in_o no_o where_o or_o in_o no_o place_n be_v but_o all_o angel_n be_v no_o where_o therefore_o no_o angel_n be_v 6._o the_o three_o case_n be_v when_o the_o defendant_n do_v not_o hold_v a_o inconsistent_a thesis_n yet_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o antecedent_n and_o consequent_n of_o his_o tenet_n in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o defendant_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o deny_v some_o truth_n necessary_o connect_v with_o his_o thesis_n he_o will_v be_v force_v to_o deny_v the_o thesis_n itself_o as_o put_v case_n the_o defendant_n hold_v that_o god_n our_o creator_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a in_o himself_o yet_o through_o want_n of_o logic_n be_v ignorant_a that_o god_n have_v no_o real_a relation_n to_o creature_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o word_n creator_n apply_v to_o he_o be_v mere_o a_o extrinsecal_n denomination_n and_o no_o way_n intrinsical_o perfect_v he_o or_o affect_v he_o such_o a_o man_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o forego_v his_o christian_a tenet_n by_o this_o argument_n fe-nothing_a that_o depend_v on_o another_o for_o some_o perfection_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a in_o itself_o but_o ri-god_n depend_v on_o creature_n for_o his_o be_v a_o creator_n which_o be_v some_o perfection_n in_o he_o therefore_o a-god_n be_v not_o infinite_o perfect_a in_o himself_o 7._o the_o four_o be_v when_o the_o defendant_n understand_v only_o his_o own_o thesis_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n ignorant_a of_o all_o other_o for_o example_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o some_o defendant_n by_o the_o language_n of_o christianity_n with_o which_o he_o be_v imbue_v or_o by_o some_o solid_a discourse_n he_o have_v accident_o hear_v and_o though_o not_o learned_a yet_o have_v a_o good_a mother-wit_n be_v make_v well_o understand_v do_v hold_v that_o god_n be_v unchangeable_a but_o yet_o be_v not_o use_v to_o dispute_n or_o speculative_a reflection_n he_o be_v little_o verse_v in_o other_o point_n as_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o christian_a language_n in_o spiritual_a point_n of_o which_o consequent_o we_o have_v no_o natural_a notion_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o aware_a that_o all_o our_o word_n we_o use_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o they_o be_v equivocal_a and_o improper_a and_o especial_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o god_n high_o metaphorical_a such_o a_o man_n no_o better_o qualify_v may_v be_v stumble_v and_o perhaps_o make_v forego_v that_o evident_a and_o true_a tenet_n by_o a_o contentious_a allege_v thing_n very_o foreign_a which_o he_o not_o skilful_a in_o and_o then_o back_v they_o with_o authority_n on_o this_o manner_n what_o be_v not_o god_n please_v when_o we_o do_v well_o and_o when_o we_o sin_n become_v displease_v that_o be_v change_v from_o be_v please_v to_o be_v angry_a and_o when_o we_o repent_v be_v he_o not_o please_v again_o will_n or_o dare_v you_o deny_v that_o which_o scripture_n father_n catechism_n prayer-book_n and_o sermon_n do_v so_o often_o inculcate_v and_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o good_a christian_n do_v unanimous_o and_o constant_o avow_v why_o be_v we_o afraid_a of_o sin_v but_o for_o fear_n of_o lose_v god_n favour_n and_o of_o a_o friend_n make_v he_o become_v our_o enemy_n will_v any_o but_o a_o heretic_n deny_v this_o again_o be_v not_o god_n omnipotent_a can_v he_o do_v all_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o article_n of_o our_o creed_n he_o both_o be_v and_o can_v since_o then_o to_o change_v himself_o be_v to_o do_v something_o will_v you_o stint_v god_n omnipotence_n and_o say_v there_o be_v something_o he_o can_v do_v such_o insult_a talk_n as_o this_o though_o there_o be_v never_o a_o wise_a word_n in_o it_o work_v upon_o the_o weakness_n of_o half-witted_a people_n may_v hap_v to_o make_v they_o forego_v their_o true_a tenet_n and_o even_o fright_v they_o to_o renounce_v their_o faith_n out_o of_o fear_n of_o renounce_v it_o corol._n i._o these_o three_o last_o case_n inform_v we_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v that_o any_o man_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v truth_n be_v champion_n and_o to_o undertake_v her_o cause_n unless_o he_o be_v thoroughpaced_a in_o logic_n and_o such_o other_o knowledge_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o defend_v she_o lest_o truth_n itself_o suffer_v for_o the_o confident_a weakness_n of_o the_o unable_a undertaker_n corol._n ii_o this_o last_o case_n belong_v to_o such_o disputant_n who_o to_o maintain_v absurd_a and_o impossible_a thing_n do_v use_n to_o argue_v from_o divine_a omnipotence_n by_o allege_v and_o magnify_v which_o they_o hope_v to_o fright_v the_o piety_n of_o a_o well-meaning_a but_o weak_a defendant_n to_o admit_v any_o thing_n though_o never_o so_o senseless_a or_o ridiculous_a the_o way_n to_o answer_v these_o man_n be_v to_o show_v the_o effect_n to_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o natural_a notion_n and_o consequent_o to_o the_o wise_a conduct_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o notion_n and_o therefore_o what_o god_n can_v do_v or_o can_v do_v be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n unless_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n be_v agreeable_a to_o his_o wisdom_n and_o goodness_n which_o determine_v his_o power_n to_o act_v and_o without_o which_o it_o can_v be_v that_o he_o shall_v act_v whence_o it_o be_v general_o more_o safe_a more_o edify_v and_o more_o proper_a to_o say_v in_o such_o case_n that_o it_o can_v be_v that_o god_n shall_v will_v to_o do_v such_o a_o thing_n than_o blunt_o to_o say_v god_n can_v do_v it_o for_o this_o flat_o limit_n omnipotency_n that_o only_o restrain_v its_o exert_n itself_o hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la because_o of_o some_o attribute_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n to_o which_o it_o be_v disagreeable_a i_o say_v generally_n for_o oft_o time_n such_o discourse_n will_v hauâ—_n god_n power_n to_o do_v perfect_a contradiction_n that_o be_v to_o undo_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n establish_v by_o himself_o which_o be_v not_o to_o do_v as_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o his_o change_a himself_o which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n as_o not_o be_v himself_o or_o when_o they_o say_v god_n have_v a_o power_n to_o annihilate_v for_o since_o power_n be_v specify_v by_o their_o object_n and_o nonens_a which_o can_v do_v nothing_o in_o any_o kind_n nor_o consequent_o specify_v a_o power_n be_v the_o object_n of_o annihilation_n a_o power_n to_o annihilate_v be_v to_o be_v no_o power_n and_o it_o be_v as_o ill_a to_o say_v god_n can_v suspend_v his_o action_n of_o conserve_n for_o this_o take_v away_o from_o god_n his_o goodness_n or_o the_o redundancy_n exuberancy_n or_o communicativeness_n of_o be_v which_o be_v essential_a to_o he_o and_o be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o the_o creation_n thus_o far_o of_o disputation_n itself_o or_o true_a syllogism_n the_o fault_n of_o it_o come_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v which_o be_v call_v fallacy_n or_o paralogism_n 8._o fallacy_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n those_o which_o arise_v out_o of_o word_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o some_o single_a word_n or_o of_o some_o word_n put_v together_o do_v lead_v we_o into_o a_o mistake_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o those_o which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o word_n but_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o sense_n and_o thence_o make_v we_o mistake_v the_o thing_n and_o the_o word_n too_o 9_o those_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v almost_o all_o little_a
that_o here_o be_v most_o manifest_o a_o divisibility_n between_o the_o nature_n of_o essence_n of_o those_o thing_n and_o these_o intrinsical_a accident_n or_o accidental_a form_n and_o the_o subject_n be_v evident_o change_v by_o natural_a cause_n according_a to_o these_o and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o essence_n or_o nature_n that_o be_v the_o subject_n undergo_v so_o many_o formal_a mutation_n that_o be_v accidental_a and_o let_v they_o explicate_v these_o term_n as_o they_o please_v after_o their_o own_o odd_a manner_n they_o shall_v never_o avoid_v the_o conclusion_n if_o they_o do_v put_v the_o subject_a or_o body_n to_o be_v true_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v and_o yet_o not_o immediate_o cease_v to_o be_v that_o ens_fw-la either_o of_o which_o to_o deny_v be_v to_o bid_v defiance_n to_o mankind_n and_o to_o common_a sense_n 28._o i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v reply_v that_o all_o natural_a body_n be_v compound_v entity_n or_o make_v up_o of_o many_o little_a particle_n which_o put_v together_o move_v and_o place_v commodious_o do_v enable_v they_o to_o perform_v those_o several_a operation_n peculiar_a to_o each_o and_o that_o these_o do_v occasion_n our_o say_n in_o our_o common_a speech_n it_o be_v such_o a_o ens._n and_o that_o therefore_o all_o our_o discourse_n concern_v formal_a mutation_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n since_o all_o may_v be_v explicate_v by_o the_o take_v away_o add_v order_v and_o move_a those_o particle_n after_o such_o or_o such_o a_o manner_n but_o this_o come_v not_o up_o to_o the_o point_n nor_o can_v serve_v they_o to_o escape_v our_o argument_n but_o rather_o plunge_v they_o into_o a_o more_o manifest_a and_o direct_a contradiction_n for_o admit_v that_o each_o compound_v ens_fw-la as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o call_v those_o many_o entity_n or_o at_o least_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o little_a particle_n i_o be_o still_o to_o ask_v they_o whether_o those_o particle_n do_v real_o conspire_v to_o make_v it_o one_o thing_n or_o no_o after_o the_o composition_n that_o be_v whether_o after_o the_o composition_n there_o remain_v only_o one_o actual_a thing_n or_o many_o actual_a thing_n or_o entity_n if_o the_o first_o than_o our_o discourse_n proceed_v with_o the_o same_o force_n for_o then_o since_o this_o one_o ens_fw-la or_o body_n be_v dissolvable_a or_o corruptible_a it_o must_v as_o be_v prove_v above_o have_v somewhat_o in_o it_o that_o remain_v in_o the_o compound_v w_z ch_z be_v to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o it_o which_o we_o call_v matter_n and_o somewhat_o which_o formal_o constitute_v the_o former_a body_n to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o consequent_o which_o do_v not_o remain_v in_o the_o new_a one_o which_o be_v what_o we_o call_v the_o form_n and_o because_o it_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v or_o be_v corrupt_v in_o a_o instant_a the_o former_a subject_n or_o body_n admit_v of_o alteration_n first_o and_o consequent_o there_o be_v mutation_n in_o it_o both_o according_a to_o those_o substantial_a and_o those_o accidental_a form_n but_o if_o they_o say_v as_o i_o fear_v they_o will_v because_o they_o must_v that_o after_o composition_n there_o be_v no_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v true_o one_o but_o many_o or_o if_o they_o say_v that_o after_o composition_n there_o be_v one_o and_o many_o which_o be_v proper_o and_o formal_o entity_n then_o they_o must_v say_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v both_o one_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o one_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v a_o plain_a contradiction_n for_o it_o affirm_v and_o deny_v contradictory_n of_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o same_o respect_n whereas_o in_o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n there_o be_v but_o one_o ens_fw-la actual_o though_o make_v up_o of_o potential_a part_n which_o have_v a_o formal_a divisibility_n between_o they_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o one_o thing_n apt_a to_o verify_v different_a conception_n and_o notion_n which_o as_o be_v say_v above_o partly_o because_o we_o can_v comprehend_v it_o all_o at_o once_o partly_o because_o natural_a cause_n do_v change_v it_o according_a to_o one_o respect_n and_o not_o according_a to_o another_o we_o be_v natural_o force_v to_o make_v of_o it_o now_o to_o make_v the_o subject_n consist_v of_o potential_a part_n destroy_v not_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o compound_v ens_fw-la but_o establish_v it_o for_o to_o say_v it_o be_v potential_o many_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o say_v it_o be_v actual_o one_o and_o to_o compound_v a_o ens_fw-la of_o potential_a part_n proper_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la neither_o of_o which_o be_v one_o actual_a part_n before_o be_v to_o make_v that_o ens_fw-la true_o one_o though_o it_o have_v no_o other_o title_n to_o be_v one_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n for_o to_o compound_v a_o ens_fw-la of_o entitatine_a part_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v of_o its_o self_n a_o ens_fw-la be_v as_o plain_o to_o make_v one_o ens_fw-la as_o word_n can_v express_v 29._o but_o to_o put_v they_o past_o this_o evasion_n and_o all_o hope_n of_o elude_v the_o force_n of_o our_o discourse_n by_o allege_v that_o natural_a body_n be_v compound_n i_o have_v purposely_o draw_v my_o chief_a argument_n from_o the_o atom_n or_o molicellae_fw-la as_o gassendus_fw-la call_v they_o of_o epicurus_n and_o from_o that_o original_a mass_n of_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o cartesian_o affirm_v their_o element_n be_v make_v which_o the_o antiperipatetick_n must_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v be_v perfect_o uncompounded_a and_o i_o far_o allege_v that_o as_o many_o quantum_n can_v compound_v one_o quantum_fw-la unless_o they_o be_v unite_v quantitative_o so_o neither_o can_v many_o entity_n such_o those_o distinct_a atom_n and_o particle_n must_v be_v compound_v one_o ens_fw-la unless_o they_o be_v unite_v entitave_o wherefore_o those_o part_n can_v be_v only_o potential_o in_o the_o compound_v as_o our_o matter_n and_o its_o essential_a and_o accidental_a form_n be_v for_o be_v they_o actual_o there_o they_o will_v be_v entitative_o many_o whence_o the_o ens_fw-la make_v up_o of_o those_o many_o actual_a entity_n can_v not_o be_v entitative_o vnum_fw-la or_o one_o ens_fw-la but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o vnum_fw-la which_o be_v divisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la and_o which_o be_v worst_a to_o complete_a the_o nonsense_n and_o make_v it_o a_o perfect_a contradiction_n it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o respect_n divisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v vnum_fw-la or_o indivisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la viz._n in_o ratione_fw-la entis_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v perfect_o chimerical_a 30._o thus_o they_o come_v off_o and_o so_o must_v every_o one_o who_o guide_v himself_o by_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n without_o look_v attentive_o into_o their_o sense_n for_o the_o word_n compound_v be_v in_o reality_n a_o kind_n of_o transcendent_a and_o therefore_o in_o the_o high_a manner_n equivocal_a whence_o while_o out_o of_o slightness_n of_o reason_v and_o not_o hee_v where_o the_o question_n pinch_v they_o take_v the_o word_n in_o a_o vnivocal_a signification_n they_o come_v to_o apprehend_v that_o the_o compound_v many_o entity_n together_o according_a to_o some_o extrinsical_a respect_n such_o as_o be_v situation_n motion_n joynt-action_n and_o such_o like_a be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o compound_v they_o according_a to_o that_o most_o intrinsical_a respect_v call_v substance_n and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o one_o entitative_o or_o one_o ens._n 31._o and_o let_v it_o be_v note_v that_o this_o discourse_n equal_o confute_v their_o position_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o body_n which_o lead_v they_o into_o innumerable_a error_n and_o the_o absurdity_n in_o make_v these_o two_o to_o be_v one_o compound_v thing_n be_v far_o great_a than_o to_o make_v one_o body_n compound_v of_o those_o particle_n in_o regard_n the_o range_v of_o particle_n may_v at_o least_o make_v one_o artificial_a compound_v v._n g._n a_o house_n though_o not_o a_o natural_a one_o whereas_o a_o spirit_n and_o a_o body_n be_v forbid_v by_o their_o nature_n to_o have_v any_o such_o artificial_a or_o mechanical_a contexture_n but_o must_v unavoidable_o when_o the_o asserter_n of_o this_o tenet_n have_v shift_v and_o explicate_v all_o they_o can_v remain_z two_o actual_a thing_n and_o moreover_o such_o two_o as_o be_v toto_fw-la genere_fw-la distinct_a nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o either_o by_o the_o natural_a or_o artificial_a name_n use_v by_o mankind_n be_v signify_v by_o one_o word_n or_o be_v call_v a_o man_n as_o the_o former_a compound_n can_v be_v call_v a_o house_n or_o a_o clock_n and_o i_o defy_v all_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n to_o invent_v any_o way_n how_o two_o such_o actual_a thing_n can_v have_v any_o coalition_n into_o one_o natural_a thing_n or_o
have_v a_o entitative_a union_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o as_o act_n and_o power_n that_o be_v as_o matter_n and_o form_n which_o be_v the_o potential_a part_n of_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a to_o compound_v one_o ens_fw-la in_o regard_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v a_o thing_n actual_o 32._o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o look_v more_o narrow_o into_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o denier_n of_o formal_a mutation_n the_o antiperipatetick_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o have_v perplex_v and_o render_v obscure_a the_o most_o common_a easie_n obvious_a useful_a and_o necessary_a notion_n which_o mankind_n have_v or_o can_v have_v viz._n the_o notion_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o i_o can_v discern_v that_o they_o make_v their_o first_o mass_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v one_o natural_a thing_n unless_o they_o fancy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o idea_n platonica_fw-la of_o body_n exist_v indeterminate_o or_o in_o common_a for_o they_o put_v the_o form_n of_o it_o to_o be_v extension_n and_o they_o make_v this_o extension_n to_o be_v indeterminate_a that_o be_v not-particular_a that_o be_v to_o be_v extension_n in_o common_a nor_o can_v we_o learn_v of_o they_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v more_o than_o that_o it_o be_v bare_o thus_o extend_v which_o tell_v we_o indeed_o that_o it_o have_v quantity_n but_o give_v we_o no_o light_n of_o its_o intrinsecal_n nature_n or_o entity_n that_o be_v they_o never_o explicate_v to_o we_o of_o what_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v extend_v and_o what_o man_n live_v can_v conceive_v a_o body_n which_o have_v neither_o figure_n or_o colour_n density_n or_o rarity_n heat_n or_o cold_a hardness_n or_o softness_n in_o it_o but_o mere_o extension_n again_o i_o can_v see_v that_o they_o put_v those_o little_a particle_n make_v by_o motion_n out_o of_o that_o matter_n to_o be_v natural_a thing_n though_o they_o do_v actual_o and_o distinct_o exist_v in_o nature_n because_o they_o make_v they_o principia_fw-la or_o elementa_fw-la rerum_fw-la naturalium_fw-la and_o the_o element_n of_o which_o thing_n be_v make_v can_v no_o more_o with_o good_a sense_n be_v call_v thing_n than_o letter_n which_o be_v the_o element_n of_o word_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v word_n the_o compound_v make_v up_o of_o those_o particle_n they_o do_v indeed_o express_o own_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n but_o by_o make_v it_o consist_v of_o many_o thing_n i_o mean_v those_o particle_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o peculiar_a actual_a existence_n of_o its_o own_o and_o which_o be_v not_o unite_v or_o make_v one_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la but_o only_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o some_o accident_n which_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o differ_v from_o it_o toto_fw-la genere_fw-la they_o can_v with_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n call_v such_o a_o compound_v a_o thing_n or_o one_o thing_n whence_o according_a to_o their_o hypothesis_n we_o can_v have_v no_o clear_a light_n what_o be_v to_o be_v call_v a_o thing_n or_o what_o the_o word_n thing_n mean_n as_o for_o our_o four_o element_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v object_v they_o either_o be_v find_v pure_a and_o out_o of_o the_o compound_v and_o then_o have_v a_o actual_a existence_n of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v true_o thing_n or_o they_o do_v not_o and_o then_o they_o be_v potential_a part_n of_o the_o compound_v in_o which_o they_o be_v which_o and_o only_o which_o exist_v by_o one_o actual_a existence_n which_o show_v it_o to_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o not_o by_o many_o as_o their_o compound_v do_v which_o make_v it_o many_o thing_n at_o least_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o will_v allow_v those_o element_n or_o particle_n to_o be_v 33._o but_o to_o give_v they_o what_o satisfaction_n we_o may_v without_o injury_n to_o truth_n and_o withal_o to_o clear_a the_o true_a aristotelian_a doctrine_n from_o the_o prejudices_fw-la take_v from_o the_o bad_a speculation_n of_o those_o schoolman_n who_o make_v accident_n so_o many_o little_a entity_n distinct_a from_o substance_n we_o will_v confess_v that_o many_o of_o those_o form_n we_o call_v quality_n be_v effluium_n or_o particle_n send_v out_o from_o other_o body_n which_o while_o they_o transient_o affect_v that_o body_n on_o which_o they_o light_v they_o retain_v their_o own_o distinct_a entity_n and_o be_v call_v the_o particle_n or_o virtue_n of_o the_o emittent_a body_n affect_v another_o body_n that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o but_o when_o they_o gain_v a_o permanency_n there_o and_o by_o continuity_n of_o quantity_n or_o similitude_n of_o nature_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n they_o come_v to_o be_v natural_o unite_v to_o it_o and_o assist_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a operation_n they_o lose_v their_o actual_a entity_n and_o unity_n which_o they_o have_v former_o and_o become_v a_o potential_a part_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o and_o exist_v and_o subsist_v in_o it_o and_o because_o the_o notion_n of_o form_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o matter_n and_o those_o particle_n advene_v to_o it_o already_o exist_v they_o be_v hence_o call_v accidental_a form_n of_o it_o and_o either_o give_v it_o such_o a_o alterableness_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n as_o be_v see_v in_o passable_a quality_n or_o sometime_o if_o they_o suit_n with_o the_o primogenial_a constitution_n of_o that_o body_n they_o strengthen_v and_o belong_v to_o some_o habit_n disposition_n power_n or_o property_n of_o it_o and_o piece_n out_o as_o it_o be_v those_o quality_n and_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o denominate_v the_o subject_a thus_o or_o thus_o qualify_v 34._o but_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o more_o manifest_a how_o industrious_o the_o cartesian_o do_v wave_v the_o give_v any_o account_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o hold_v all_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o nature_n be_v make_v we_o will_v take_v notice_n of_o one_o prevarication_n of_o they_o more_o which_o do_v evident_o bewray_v at_o what_o a_o plunge_n they_o be_v about_o it_o by_o omit_v that_o consideration_n which_o even_o by_o their_o own_o doctrine_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o necessary_a they_o affirm_v that_o matter_n of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v first_o by_o god_n into_o great_a part_n which_o again_o be_v move_v or_o jumble_v one_o against_o another_o do_v shave_v or_o wear_v off_o every_o small_a particle_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o which_o their_o first_o element_n be_v make_v division_n then_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a physical_a action_n and_o that_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o frame_v all_o nature_n nay_o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n as_o they_o grant_v there_o be_v not_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o motion_n and_o which_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o upon_o their_o matter_n as_o also_o all_o the_o follow_a motion_n exercise_v upon_o the_o say_a matter_n be_v division_n now_o divisibility_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o proper_a power_n that_o answer_v to_o the_o act_n of_o division_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o to_o motion_n and_o withal_o direct_o speak_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o matter_n as_o apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o those_o cause_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a they_o shall_v slip_v over_o that_o and_o regard_v only_o the_o extension_n of_o it_o divisibility_n be_v a_o natural_a notion_n and_o import_v a_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n whereas_o extension_n be_v a_o dull_a sluggish_a notion_n and_o mere_o mathematical_a that_o be_v it_o do_v abstract_a from_o action_n and_o motion_n both_o for_o a_o extend_v thing_n be_v never_o the_o more_o or_o less_o extend_v whether_o it_o move_v or_o stand_v still_o but_o its_o whole_a nature_n and_o notion_n be_v take_v up_o in_o affect_v its_o own_o subject_a or_o extend_v it_o equal_o and_o all_o one_o whether_o it_o act_v or_o not_o act_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o wilful_a neglect_n be_v this_o that_o though_o they_o grant_v it_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v yet_o shall_v they_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v thus_o divisible_a common_a reason_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o pose_v they_o with_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a that_o be_v rare_a or_o dense_n of_o which_o quality_n in_o their_o matter_n antecedent_o to_o motion_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o particle_n make_v by_o that_o motion_n their_o principle_n can_v give_v no_o kind_n of_o account_n nor_o possible_o explicate_v they_o 35._o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o they_o foresee_v this_o rub_n in_o their_o way_n which_o hinder_v the_o currency_n of_o all_o their_o doctrine_n of_o physics_n and_o see_v they_o can_v not_o remove_v it_o they_o very_o fair_o let_v it_o alone_o yet_o for_o a_o show_n they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o word_n but_o they_o
turn_v it_o to_o a_o quite_o different_a sense_n for_o mr._n le_fw-fr grave_v 11._o come_v to_o give_v we_o account_v of_o the_o divisibility_n of_o this_o matter_n where_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a place_n to_o acquaint_v we_o to_o what_o degree_n it_o be_v divisible_a into_o particle_n by_o natural_a cause_n he_o start_v aside_o to_o tell_v we_o that_o be_v quantitative_a it_o be_v divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la which_o be_v quite_o beside_o our_o purpose_n this_o be_v a_o mathematical_a divisibility_n whereas_o a_o physical_a divisibility_n or_o a_o disposition_n to_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first-made_a part_n be_v only_o that_o which_o can_v concern_v his_o scheme_n or_o do_v it_o any_o service_n for_o have_v it_o be_v insuperable_o dense_n or_o hard_n as_o epicurus_n fancy_v his_o atom_n they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v divide_v at_o all_o nor_o consequent_o his_o three_o element_n have_v be_v make_v or_o have_v it_o be_v rare_a or_o soft_a one_o part_n will_v have_v stick_v to_o another_o and_o can_v not_o have_v be_v shatter_v and_o crumble_v into_o those_o most_o subtle_a part_n which_o make_v his_o first_o element_n to_o declare_v then_o how_o and_o of_o what_o nature_n it_o be_v in_o this_o respect_n shall_v have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o his_o physics_n his_o whole_a hypothesis_n depend_v on_o it_o whereas_o it_o be_v not_o a_o straw_n matter_n whether_o it_o be_v divisible_a in_o infinitum_fw-la or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v but_o divisible_a into_o part_n little_a enough_o to_o make_v their_o first_o element_n and_o the_o rest_n i_o must_v then_o in_o behalf_n of_o truth_n declare_v that_o their_o avoid_v this_o point_n so_o necessary_a to_o their_o own_o scheme_n and_o to_o the_o explication_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o most_o manifest_a prevarication_n arise_v hence_o that_o they_o can_v notwithstanding_o they_o be_v man_n of_o great_a wit_n make_v any_o sense_n of_o it_o according_a to_o their_o principle_n 36._o but_o though_o they_o do_v not_o treat_v of_o the_o divisibility_n of_o their_o matter_n de_fw-fr professo_fw-la and_o purposely_o as_o they_o ought_v yet_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a but_o they_o must_v against_o their_o will_n be_v force_v to_o say_v something_o at_o unaware_o of_o the_o intrinsecal_n nature_n of_o their_o matter_n as_o either_o easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a while_o they_o go_v about_o to_o explicate_v themselves_o error_n then_o be_v the_o best_a confuter_n of_o itself_o let_v we_o see_v what_o they_o say_v of_o it_o the_o ingenious_a gentleman_n now_o mention_v 6._o tell_v we_o that_o their_o first_o element_n be_v make_v of_o particle_n which_o like_o shave_n be_v rub_v off_o by_o motion_n from_o body_n now_o since_o their_o matter_n be_v hold_v by_o they_o to_o be_v homogeneous_a or_o uniform_a a_o man_n will_v very_o think_v by_o those_o expression_n that_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o matter_n be_v dense_n hard_a or_o in_o a_o manner_n friable_a or_o crumble_a for_o what_o be_v rare_a soft_a and_o tenacious_a can_v be_v conceive_v proper_a or_o fit_a to_o be_v crumble_v or_o shatter_v into_o such_o very_a small_a dust_n by_o rub_v yet_o the_o same_o author_n 6._o tell_v we_o the_o particle_n of_o their_o first_o element_n be_v slender_a and_o flexible_a accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o body_n they_o be_v contiguous_a to_o by_o which_o expression_n one_o will_v very_o imagine_v they_o to_o be_v fluid_a soft_a moist_a or_o yield_v rather_o than_o of_o a_o solid_a or_o hard_a nature_n for_o only_o such_o can_v accommodate_v themselves_o to_o other_o body_n on_o all_o occasion_n so_o that_o he_o make_v it_o at_o once_o to_o be_v both_o hard_a and_o soft_a as_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o break_v and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n very_o apt_a to_o ply_v and_o bow_v too_o that_o be_v he_o put_v contrary_a quality_n in_o the_o same_o uniform_a matter_n which_o show_v manifest_o that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o to_o make_v of_o it_o nor_o how_o to_o speak_v coherent_o concern_v it_o and_o withal_o that_o which_o be_v the_o true_a genius_n of_o hypothetical_n philosopher_n they_o blow_v and_o sup_v at_o once_o and_o say_v any_o thing_n that_o suit_n with_o their_o present_a occasion_n it_o be_v for_o their_o turn_n to_o make_v they_o very_o flexible_a for_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v impossible_a to_o avoid_v vacuum_n whenas_o million_o of_o those_o atom_n be_v jumble_v together_o which_o have_v they_o be_v solid_a have_v retain_v their_o figure_n and_o then_o vacuum_n must_v have_v fill_v the_o little_a interstice_n and_o it_o be_v very_o fit_v too_o they_o shall_v be_v hard_a and_o friable_a otherwise_o they_o can_v never_o have_v be_v shatter_v by_o rub_v into_o such_o minute_n dust_n as_o they_o have_v design_v to_o make_v their_o first_o element_n of_o so_o that_o they_o play_v fast_o and_o loose_a with_o their_o reader_n and_o no_o wonder_n we_o know_v not_o where_o to_o have_v they_o when_o they_o do_v not_o know_v where_o they_o be_v themselves_o 36._o the_o same_o untoward_a way_n they_o take_v in_o express_v themselves_o sometime_o as_o if_o they_o and_o we_o do_v perfect_o agree_v in_o our_o sentiment_n and_o because_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o common_a reason_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o it_o they_o do_v therefore_o allow_v our_o well-meant_a word_n and_o talk_v of_o intrinsecal_n form_n both_o essential_a and_o accidental_a which_o grant_v they_o can_v deny_v formal_a mutation_n mr._n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr part_n 6._o cap._n 24._o §_o 9_o 10_o 11._o give_v we_o all_o these_o good_a word_n though_o he_o choose_v sometime_o rather_o to_o use_v the_o word_n modification_n then_o form_n and_o in_o his_o §_o 10_o 11._o he_o discourse_v altogether_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o aristotelian_a but_o alas_o what_o trust_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o mere_a word_n for_o come_v to_o the_o §_o 12._o he_o tell_v we_o plain_o his_o true_a mean_v which_o be_v as_o opposite_a to_o we_o though_o use_v the_o same_o word_n as_o the_o two_o pole_n be_v to_o one_o another_o viz._n that_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o plant_n and_o beast_n a_o new_a substance_n be_v no_o more_o produce_v than_o in_o the_o frame_v a_o statue_n or_o build_v a_o house_n which_o he_o there_o exemplify_v in_o some_o particular_n and_o then_o conclude_v that_o generation_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o translation_n or_o new_a range_v of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o that_o this_o be_v alike_o in_o natural_a and_o artifieial_a composition_n but_o by_o his_o leave_n if_o he_o that_o build_v a_o house_n do_v not_o know_v the_o intrinsecal_n temperament_n or_o consistency_n of_o his_o material_n viz._n that_o stone_n be_v dense_n or_o hard_n and_o therefore_o most_o fit_a to_o be_v the_o foundation_n that_o wood_n be_v dense_n and_o light_a and_o so_o more_o fit_a for_o the_o superstructure_n last_o that_o mortar_n be_v soft_a at_o first_o but_o hard_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v dry_a and_o so_o be_v most_o fit_a to_o bind_v the_o stone_n together_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o if_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o these_o and_o such_o like_a particular_n he_o will_v make_v but_o a_o ruinous_a and_o bungle_a piece_n of_o work_n of_o it_o though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o act_n of_o range_v the_o part_n of_o the_o several_a material_n artificial_o or_o mathematical_o and_o as_o have_v be_v show_v no_o man_n live_v no_o not_o themselves_o can_v give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o consistency_n of_o their_o matter_n which_o be_v the_o only_a material_a of_o which_o they_o build_v pardon_n the_o bull_n they_o force_v we_o to_o their_o natural-artificial_a structure_n 37._o this_o then_o be_v his_o true_a sense_n and_o consequent_o the_o true_a doctrine_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v he_o of_o the_o cartesian_a school_n and_o the_o word_n form_n bear_v in_o its_o notion_n that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o matter_n and_o therefore_o be_v intrinsical_v to_o the_o thing_n and_o make_v it_o either_o another_o if_o it_o be_v a_o essential_a form_n or_o intrinsical_o otherwise_o or_o alter_v if_o it_o be_v a_o accidental_a one_o and_o it_o be_v likewise_o evident_a that_o the_o range_v the_o part_n of_o matter_n be_v only_o a_o outward_a application_n of_o they_o to_o one_o another_o which_o be_v mere_o a_o extrinsecal_n notion_n we_o may_v hence_o clear_o discover_v that_o they_o do_v not_o use_v the_o word_n form_n and_o intrinsecal_n in_o a_o proper_a and_o natural_a sense_n but_o utter_o pervert_v and_o abuse_v they_o 38._o by_o these_o expression_n of_o his_o late_o mention_v and_o their_o put_v nothing_o but_o extension_n in_o their_o matter_n which_o abstract_n from_o motion_n and_o natural_a action_n one_o will_v think_v they_o intend_v in_o stead_n of_o
it_o which_o be_v not_o proper_o entity_n but_o only_a modes_n of_o ens._n it_o be_v a_o folly_n to_o allege_v the_o figure_n or_o extension_n of_o those_o particle_n for_o if_o the_o subject_n i_o mean_v the_o particle_n be_v not_o the_o same_o all_o the_o accident_n which_o belong_v to_o those_o numerical_o different_a subject_n must_v be_v numerical_o different_a likewise_o and_o so_o can_v constitute_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v numerical_o one_o but_o only_o add_v more_o numerical_a thing_n to_o it_o to_o make_v it_o numerical_o many_o extension_n be_v hold_v by_o they_o to_o be_v the_o only_a essential_a form_n of_o their_o matter_n they_o so_o oughts_z if_o they_o go_v to_o work_v logical_o and_o consequential_o to_o say_v that_o particular_a extension_n of_o that_o matter_n which_o come_v along_o with_o those_o particle_n do_v give_v a_o particular_a essence_n to_o each_o of_o those_o compound_n which_o be_v make_v of_o that_o matter_n and_o so_o make_v the_o generical_a notion_n hold_v in_o every_o species_n and_o individuum_fw-la of_o that_o common_a body_n as_o entity_n which_o be_v the_o form_n of_o ens_fw-la be_v find_v in_o every_o individual_a thing_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o not_o to_o make_v the_o essential_a difference_n of_o those_o body_n consist_v in_o such_o respect_n as_o be_v not_o essential_a they_o will_v tell_v we_o of_o many_o modification_n of_o each_o compound_v but_o they_o shall_v consider_v that_o modification_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o subject_n do_v supervene_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o thing_n must_v first_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v ever_o it_o can_v be_v capable_a to_o be_v modify_v and_o it_o look_v odd_a to_o talk_v of_o modify_v what_o be_v not_o or_o of_o modify_v a_o nothing_o yet_o though_o it_o strain_v good_a sense_n they_o tell_v we_o of_o other_o essential_a modification_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o each_o compound_v as_o if_o res_n be_v not_o by_o all_o mankind_n and_o by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n presuppose_v to_o modus_fw-la rei_fw-la but_o this_o catachesis_n they_o be_v force_v to_o by_o their_o pique_n against_o essential_a form_n the_o sense_n of_o which_o the_o goodness_n of_o rational_a nature_n force_v they_o to_o admit_v though_o out_o of_o aversion_n to_o the_o word_n they_o general_o change_v it_o into_o a_o worse_a 42._o their_o last_o evasion_n than_o be_v to_o say_v that_o those_o vegetable_n and_o animal_n be_v the_o same_o moral_o and_o indeed_o they_o can_v in_o all_o humane_a language_n pick_v out_o a_o blind_a word_n and_o of_o a_o more_o ambiguous_a signification_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o make_v use_n of_o for_o a_o subterfuge_n against_o clear_a reason_n i_o never_o yet_o can_v hear_v of_o any_o man_n that_o can_v define_v it_o and_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o the_o tailor_n in_o the_o fable_n to_o fit_v the_o moon_n with_o a_o coat_n as_o to_o fit_v it_o with_o a_o definition_n but_o we_o will_v do_v what_o we_o can_v to_o show_v the_o different_a sense_n it_o may_v have_v in_o our_o circumstance_n and_o that_o none_o of_o they_o can_v serve_v their_o purpose_n either_o then_o to_o be_v moral_o the_o same_o signify_v that_o the_o thing_n do_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o be_v the_o same_o though_o it_o it_o be_v not_o so_o real_o but_o this_o come_v over_o to_o we_o instead_o of_o oppose_v we_o for_o our_o question_n be_v what_o be_v and_o not_o what_o seem_v nor_o be_v such_o a_o expression_n to_o be_v tolerate_v among_o philosopher_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o consider_v what_o pass_v real_o in_o nature_n and_o not_o what_o only_a appear_v so_o or_o else_o these_o word_n must_v mean_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o considerable_o change_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v moral_o speak_v the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v most_o evident_o false_a for_o the_o overgrow_a oak_n have_v a_o thousand_o time_n more_o quantity_n in_o it_o and_o consequent_o according_a to_o they_o more_o matter_n add_v to_o it_o than_o it_o have_v while_o it_o be_v but_o a_o sayon_n wherefore_o it_o must_v be_v more_o than_o moral_o that_o be_v considerable_o change_v according_a to_o its_o quantity_n and_o yet_o not_o at_o all_o change_v as_o it_o be_v a_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n and_o this_o be_v all_o i_o can_v imagine_v the_o antiperipatetick_n can_v any_o way_n plead_v to_o escape_v the_o force_n of_o our_o argument_n for_o formal_a mutation_n 27._o our_o ingenious_a countryman_n mr._n locke_n go_v more_o solid_o to_o work_v by_o make_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o plant_n as_o long_o as_o it_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o life_n in_o a_o like_o continue_v organization_n conformable_a to_o that_o sort_n of_o plant_n for_o life_n speak_v something_o intrinsical_v and_o essential_a which_o the_o mere_a range_v of_o particle_n thus_o or_o thus_o do_v not_o unless_o we_o will_v say_v that_o a_o watch_n or_o clock_n live_v and_o therefore_o it_o argue_v some_o formal_a mutation_n of_o the_o matter_n while_o it_o be_v dispose_v fit_v and_o as_o it_o be_v digest_v so_o as_o to_o continue_v that_o life_n by_o nourish_v the_o vegetable_a for_o it_o will_v seem_v incredible_a to_o any_o considerer_n that_o particle_n of_o all_o sort_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n in_o every_o little_a spot_n of_o ground_n where_o so_o many_o several_a plant_n and_o tree_n do_v grow_v as_o be_v proper_a to_o each_o and_o sufficient_a to_o nourish_v they_o up_o tâ—ll_v they_o increase_v to_o such_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v assert_v if_o formal_a mutation_n be_v deny_v but_o i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n allow_v what_o he_o say_v there_o that_o the_o principium_fw-la individuationis_fw-la be_v existence_n for_o since_o create_v entity_n have_v not_o existence_n from_o their_o being_n entia_fw-la or_o thing_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o individuum_v all_o we_o can_v say_v of_o they_o be_v that_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o exist_v and_o this_o they_o must_v have_v antecedent_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n to_o their_o actual_a existence_n wherefore_o their_o individuation_n must_v be_v presuppose_v to_o existence_n and_o so_o can_v depend_v on_o it_o as_o on_o its_o principle_n again_o since_o plato_n flash_n of_o idea_n exist_v in_o common_a be_v now_o hiss_v out_o of_o all_o school_n if_o indeed_o that_o excellent_a man_n mean_v they_o as_o his_o opposer_n apprehend_v he_o and_o that_o neither_o man_n nor_o horse_n in_o common_a can_v exist_v but_o it_o must_v be_v determinate_o and_o particular_o this_o or_o that_o man_n horse_n etc._n etc._n it_o must_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v constitute_v determinate_o this_o or_o that_o individuum_fw-la ere_o it_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o exist_v wherefore_o existence_n be_v a_o accidental_a formality_n superven_a to_o the_o individuum_fw-la already_o determine_v and_o make_v fit_a to_o exist_v that_o be_v to_o the_o individuum_fw-la already_o constitute_v and_o therefore_o existence_n can_v cause_v nor_o constitute_v it_o have_v i_o leisure_n and_o be_v the_o place_n proper_a i_o will_v show_v my_o respect_n to_o the_o learned_a author_n by_o give_v he_o my_o thought_n of_o his_o chapter_n concerd_v identity_n and_o diversity_n for_o it_o be_v a_o important_a subject_n and_o i_o see_v it_o be_v treat_v by_o he_o more_o elaborate_o than_o be_v some_o other_o part_n of_o that_o worthy_a book_n 43._o last_o to_o say_v no_o more_o of_o formal_a mutation_n in_o body_n let_v we_o cast_v a_o short_a view_n upon_o what_o pass_v in_o spiritual_a nature_n when_o a_o soul_n that_o before_o be_v ignorant_a become_v know_v or_o a_o wicked_a soul_n virtuous_a can_v it_o be_v deny_v that_o those_o soul_n be_v change_v according_a to_o that_o form_n call_v quality_n and_o yet_o remain_v the_o same_o according_a to_o their_o essence_n sure_o they_o can_v say_v that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o new_a atom_n aggregated_a to_o that_o soul_n or_o by_o any_o other_o of_o those_o odd_a requisite_n they_o put_v to_o induce_v a_o new_a accidental_a form_n and_o if_o not_o they_o must_v see_v and_o confess_v that_o formal_a mutation_n be_v beyond_o all_o dispute_n find_v in_o spiritual_a nature_n much_o more_o than_o may_v it_o have_v place_n in_o body_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o motion_n which_o be_v essential_o change_n be_v consequent_o of_o a_o nature_n far_o more_o changeable_a than_o spiritual_a being_n be_v what_o can_v be_v answer_v to_o those_o press_a argument_n i_o can_v in_o their_o behalf_n imagine_v nor_o i_o be_o confident_a can_v themselves_o give_v any_o reply_n that_o be_v solid_a or_o take_v from_o the_o know_a and_o acknowledge_v nature_n of_o thing_n however_o they_o may_v shuffle_v it_o off_o witty_o by_o throw_v in_o some_o unproved_a supposition_n plain_o express_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v that_o pass_n upon_o their_o reader_n but_o it_o be_v impossible_a
it_o be_v evident_a that_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n import_v no_o more_o in_o their_o notion_n but_o the_o alter_v the_o subject_a according_a to_o some_o quality_n whereas_o division_n import_v direct_o the_o take_v away_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o consequent_o its_o entity_n again_o mere_a rarefaction_n do_v not_o change_v the_o substance_n but_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o great_a height_n and_o every_o body_n admit_v rarefaction_n a_o long_a time_n without_o lose_v its_o former_a essence_n whereas_o division_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a so_o that_o the_o divisum_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v esse_fw-la aliud_fw-la or_o esse_fw-la duo_fw-la ex_fw-la uno_fw-la whereas_o the_o rarefactum_fw-la esse_fw-la may_v be_v without_o any_o such_o effect_n follow_v it_o 5._o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v the_o next_o action_n in_o dignity_n for_o since_o as_o be_v prove_v above_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v the_o first_o intrinsical_v difference_n of_o quantity_n as_o it_o affect_v body_n in_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n and_o passion_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o natural_a action_n that_o cause_n rarity_n or_o density_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o division_n which_o work_v more_o upon_o divisibility_n their_o genus_fw-la 6._o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a head_n of_o natural_a action_n for_o since_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o its_o two_o difference_n must_v needs_o comprehend_v all_o under_o any_o common_a head_n as_o be_v adequate_a to_o it_o and_o division_n answer_v to_o divisibility_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n to_o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o more_o or_o less_o thus_o divisible_a it_o follow_v that_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n do_v take_v up_o all_o that_o head_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o kind_n of_o natural_a action_n which_o be_v not_o reducible_a to_o some_o of_o these_o or_o not_o comprehend_v under_o they_o beside_o all_o the_o first_o and_o second_o passable_a quality_n which_o general_o be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o natural_a action_n be_v comprehend_v in_o or_o spring_v out_o of_o rarity_n and_o density_n as_o will_v be_v see_v in_o physics_n 7._o the_o formal_a virtue_n of_o act_v or_o work_v any_o effect_n which_o we_o call_v its_o causality_n be_v the_o agent_n be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o its_o very_a existence_n apply_v by_o motion_n to_o the_o patient_n and_o communicate_v to_o it_o or_o as_o it_o be_v imprint_v on_o it_o for_o since_o no_o particular_a agent_n in_o nature_n can_v do_v every_o thing_n whatever_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o particular_a cause_n work_v such_o particular_a effect_n must_v spring_v hence_o that_o the_o effect_n have_v something_o in_o its_o nature_n that_o be_v like_o the_o cause_n come_v from_o it_o and_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o patient_n or_o partake_v by_o it_o whence_o come_v those_o vulgar_a axiom_n operari_fw-la sequitur_fw-la esse_fw-la every_o thing_n act_v as_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o the_o immediate_a caâ—se_n etc._n etc._n thus_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n why_o water_n moisten_v be_v because_o it_o be_v moist_a in_o itself_o and_o impart_v that_o quality_n to_o another_o thing_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o seal_n make_v such_o a_o impression_n be_v because_o itself_o be_v of_o such_o a_o stamp_n the_o reason_n why_o god_n create_v or_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o be_v be_v because_o be_v be_v essential_a to_o he_o corol._n ii_o hence_o motion_n be_v only_o requisite_a to_o apply_v the_o virtue_n or_o existence_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o matter_n or_o patient_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o effect_n spring_v from_o the_o cause_n being_n what_o it_o be_v whence_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o effect_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o perfect_a according_a as_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n or_o essence_n or_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o be_v apply_v better_a or_o worse_o to_o the_o patient_n or_o to_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o by_o a_o feeble_a or_o smart_a motion_n 8._o it_o follow_v from_o this_o discourse_n that_o there_o must_v be_v four_o sort_n of_o cause_n necessary_o belong_v to_o every_o effect_n in_o nature_n viz._n there_o must_v be_v a_o actor_n which_o we_o call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n a_o subject_a for_o the_o actor_n to_o work_v upon_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n the_o effect_v wrought_v in_o that_o matter_n or_o receive_v in_o it_o which_o make_v it_o otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o notion_n of_o some_o form_n new_o accrue_v to_o it_o which_o constitute_v the_o formal_a cause_n and_o since_o corporeal_a action_n be_v motion_n and_o no_o body_n can_v move_v itself_o and_o therefore_o all_o motion_n in_o nature_n must_v be_v cause_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o by_o something_o that_o be_v not_o a_o body_n that_o be_v by_o a_o spiritual_a or_o intelligent_a be_v and_o such_o agent_n do_v design_n or_o act_v for_o a_o end_n therefore_o there_o must_v also_o be_v a_o final_a cause_n to_o make_v those_o agent_n to_o move_v body_n and_o make_v they_o act_v as_o they_o do_v in_o every_o particular_a action_n though_o never_o so_o minute_n which_o ground_n our_o notion_n of_o providence_n adequate_o govern_v the_o world_n even_o as_o to_o the_o least_o circumstance_n of_o it_o wherefore_o there_o be_v to_o every_o action_n in_o nature_n four_o cause_n necessary_o requisite_a which_o will_v afford_v reflecter_n ample_a occasion_n for_o speculation_n and_o contemplation_n for_o example_n when_o i_o write_v a_o letter_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v myself_o the_o material_a cause_n paper_n which_o receive_v the_o effect_n of_o my_o write_n the_o formal_a cause_n the_o character_n receive_v in_o the_o paper_n the_o final_a cause_n to_o gratify_v my_o friend_n treat_v of_o business_n or_o acquaint_v he_o with_o news_n 9_o there_o be_v no_o five_o cause_n call_v a_o idea_n as_o plato_n affirm_v for_o either_o that_o idea_n be_v conceive_v as_o introduce_v in_o the_o matter_n and_o receive_v there_o and_o then_o it_o be_v clear_o a_o formal_a cause_n or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o artificer_n and_o than_o it_o concur_v to_o make_v he_o a_o efficient_a cause_n for_o without_o such_o a_o idea_n he_o can_v not_o produce_v such_o a_o artificial_a effect_n 10._o operation_n have_v not_o the_o same_o notion_n with_o action_n but_o be_v indifferent_a to_o action_n and_o passion_n or_o rather_o a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n make_v up_o of_o both_o for_o example_n notion_n or_o simple_a apprehension_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n though_o the_o soul_n in_o have_v they_o be_v pure_o passive_a so_o also_o my_o act_n of_o discourse_v willing_a etc._n etc._n be_v call_v operation_n though_o they_o be_v both_o perform_v by_o my_o soul_n and_o receive_v in_o it_o whence_o they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n such_o as_o have_v curro_fw-la ardeo_fw-la and_o suchlike_a take_v such_o word_n not_o in_o a_o grammatical_a but_o in_o a_o philosophical_a and_o natural_a sense_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v all_o immanent_a action_n or_o act_n and_o therefore_o these_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o call_v action_n as_o operation_n in_o order_n to_o what_o they_o have_v of_o effective_a in_o they_o or_o else_o act_n because_o they_o actuate_v or_o inform_v the_o subject_a in_o which_o they_o be_v as_o well_o receive_v as_o they_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o whence_o action_n in_o the_o proper_a and_o obvious_a sense_n signify_v the_o efficience_n of_o a_o natural_a cause_n which_o have_v a_o transitive_a notion_n and_o infer_v passion_n and_o consequent_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o extrinsical_a subject_a it_o light_v on_o note_v that_o since_o action_n infer_v passion_n and_o refer_v to_o it_o hence_o whatever_o be_v discourse_v here_o of_o action_n may_v by_o turn_v the_o table_n as_o it_o be_v or_o consider_v motion_n in_o order_n to_o its_o other_o term_n be_v understand_v likewise_o of_o passion_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o treat_v of_o both_o those_o head_n in_o the_o same_o discourse_n lesson_n ix_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o 1._o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o signify_v in_o what_o place_n the_o notion_n of_o place_n must_v first_o be_v right_o understand_v ere_o we_o can_v have_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o common_a head_n call_v ubi_fw-la and_o the_o word_n place_n be_v no_o artificial_a term_n but_o a_o natural_a one_o and_o use_v by_o all_o mankind_n we_o be_v to_o learn_v the_o true_a and_o proper_a meaning_n of_o it_o from_o the_o user_n of_o it_o that_o be_v we_o must_v take_v the_o notion_n of_o place_n not_o from_o man_n of_o art_n or_o speculater_n but_o from_o the_o vulgar_a