hardy and desirous of revenge liberall and ambitious they have light sleepe with suddaine wakings fiery and furious dreames they most desire meats and drinkes that are cold and moist and are subject to burning feavors phrensie jaundies bloody flux and pustulous inflammations Signes of a phlegmatick complexion You shall know phlegmaticke persons by a white face something livid a fat body being soft and cold to the touch they are subject to Oedematous tumours catarrhes distilling downe upon the lunges and dropsie they are slothfull drowsie and of a dull capacity dreaming of waters drowning floods and the like they cast up much phlegmaticke watery matter by vomit and spitting and are troubled with a doglike appetite and with the chollicke Signes of a melancholicke complexion Those that are melancholicke are swart cloudy and sterne of countenance they are subject to divers evill A Table of the Humours in Mans Body The humours in mans body are of three kindes which are either I. Elementarie of the purest portion of the parents seed as I. Bloud or the airie portion of the seed II. Phlegme the watry part of the seed Of which as of their proper elements are generated I. the Flesh the Heart the Liver the Lights the Spleen The Reines II. the Brain the spinall marrow the Nerves the Veines the Arteries III. The Bones the Gristles of the Bones the Ligaments the Tendons III. Melancholy the earthly part of the seed Choler or the hot and fierie portion of the seed of which no member is generated but thereby the parts formed are fashioned and dried in the wombe II. Alimentary which are generated of the nourishment taken into the body and are either Naturall spred in the veines and knowne by the name of bloud as Bloud Phlegme Choler and Melancholy Of the naturall humours before the digestion be perfected arise the second humours the humour innominate or oyly Ros or dew Gluten like glew and Cambion Vnnaturall or sickly as Bloud putrified serous Phlegmaticke in the veines choler adust in the liver pale in the liver vitteline in the liver Leeke colour in the ventricle Aeruginous in the ventricle Blew in the ventricle Cholerick or Melancholicke Phlegme Choler Melancholy acide or sowre salt in the veines Melancholy Bloud by being adust Choler by being adust Melancholy by being adust raw in the brain Glassie Plaister-like in the joynts III. Excrementitious which may bee perceived from the alimentary and are either profitable Choler in the gall Melancholy in the spleen Spittle in the jawes Milk in the dugges unprofitable Sweat Vrine Snot Menstruous bloud Phlegmatick excrements in the Braine Belly Guts gathered together Place this Table in page 39. at this marke ✚ diseases as quartaine quintane sextane and septimane feavers cancers simple and ulcerated and oftentimes with a leprosie the coldnesse that raignes in them makes them have small veines and arteries their bodies cold and hard their dreames very terrible as of divells and monsters of graves dead corpes and in the night many blacke representations before their eyes being awake they are for the most part froward deceitfull covetous of few words cowards carefull and lovers of solitarinesse slow to anger but once angred hard to be reconciled But note that these humours often change the temper of mans body for there are divers that are sometimes sanguine sometimes againe cholericke melancholicke or phlegmaticke nor happens this by the blood but by the diet as hot and dry meats make a sanguine man cholericke and grosse meats that breed and encrease evill blood as Venison Hares c. will bring either of these to a melancholy likewise cold and moist meats breed phlegme but that I may not exceed my intended brevity I shall adde a table of humours and so proceed to the next which is the members or parts of the body ✚ CHAP. IV. Of Members What a member is THE Members are bodies ingendred of the first commixtion of elements humours and spirits because they consist of a solid fleshy and spirituous substance By partes in generall I understand the head breast belly and their adjuncts by the particular partes of those I understand the simple similar partes which are in number only eight bones gristles fibres ligaments membranes tendones simple flesh and skin some adde to these vaines arteries fat marrow nailes and haires others omit them as excrements these aforesaid are called simple rather in the judgment of sense then of reason for all are nourished have life and sense either manifest or obscure A bone A bone is earthly drie and hard that they may the better serve in the foundation of the whole body and uphold it as pillars and this ought not to be all one bone but divided into divers partes that the body may with ease bend its members which way necessity requires of these some are hollow and some solid the first nourished by marrow the last by a thick bloud entring by the pores as may be perceived in broken bones which are united by a Callus which is generated of the reliques of the alimentary bloud A gristle A gristle is the same in substance that a bone is of and is meerly a soft bone that may be crushed as the bones of children are but gristles untill the heate encreasing with age doth harden them into bones gristles doe differ in themselues for some are at the ends of the bones as in the huckle bone nose sternon and knots of the ribs others without bones as in the eares the flap of the weasell throtle aspera arteria and basis of the heart A ligament As a bone is harder then a gristle so is a gristle harder then a ligament which serves only to hold the bones together which otherwise would slip asunder it is in colour and substance very like a nerve but harder and altogether without sense and feeling excepting some few which either receive the nerves or have their originall from the sensible membranes A tendon A tendon is the end and taile of the arbitrary muscles and the first instrument of motion and is called a tendon from the latin Tendendo because it stretches like a cord when the member is moved it is so much softer then a ligament as it is harder then a nerve it feeeles and is moved by a voluntary motion by reason of the nerves but by reason of the ligaments it knits the muscles to the bones A fibre A fibre is a small thred but firme and strong which nature hath placed in the muscles that so the body may move every way the right fibres do draw the transverse do put back the oblique do hold every one helpes one another as if you should hooke your fingers one within another A membrane A membrane and a coate differ onely in this a membrane is a name of substance a coat is a name of office for where a membrane invests any part it is called a coate in some parts it hath a proper name as that which involues the bones is called the
coates that the spirits may not be exhaled and that it may not be broken by the continuall motion and beating a veine beates very little or not at all A nerve A nerve is that which proceeding from the braine or spinall marrow hath sence and motion some partes of the body which have nerves have feeling also but no voluntary motion as the membranes veines arteries guts and all the entrailes from the braine arise two soft nerves which have feeling the hard nerves spring from the spinall marrow and are moving from the braine proceed seven conjugations of nerves from the spinall marrowe thirty paire that is sixty nerves some nerves cannot be perceived to be hollow at all it is a simple part of our body bred and nourished by a grosse and phlegmaticke humour The second instruments Of the three first and simple instruments veines nerves and arteries and of the eight aforesaid parts least conformable being knit in due quantity number and scite spring the second instruments amongst which the muscles Muscles have the first place as being the instruments of voluntary motion which is performed six maner of waies viz. upwards downewards forwards backwards to the right hand and to the left hand this is simple motion the second voluntary motion is circularly as when you lure a hauke you swinge your hand round A muscle consists of veines nerves and arterious flesh and fibres from which they receive nourishment life sense and motion they are reckoned amongst the second instruments because they consist of a coate a tendon and a ligament and are devided into three partes the begining middle and end the head insertion and neather parte and these are all differing in figure scituation perforation and quantity colour and connexion The fingers The fingers consist not only of veines of which they are nourished of arteries from whence they receive spirit and vitall heate nerves by which they feele and muscles whereby they are mooved but also of three bones in each finger that is fifteene in each hand which are hollow fistulous and full of thinne and liquid marrow and not of grosse and thick as in the arme or thigh whereby they are fortified and sustained likewise of ligaments whereby the bones are connexed of flâ—sh and skin by whose coniunction is ordained the true organicall touching the fingers are in number five The nailes are generated by the fibers of the ligaments and the excrements of the tendons which are terminated at the bottom of the nailes The hand The hand consists of five fingers the palme or hollow of the hand the back of the hand and the wrest it is the instrument of instuments made for to take up and hold any thing for with the hands are all the other instruments made it is devided into five fingers the more easily to take up even the least bodies of any figure or fashion soever and to this end nature ordained us the nailes because the fingers ends being soft flesh might not turne away in meeting with a hard body The heart The heart is the chiefe mansion of the soule the organe of the vitall faculty and is placed in the body as the Sun in the firmament it is placed by nature as it were in a box that it may have free liberty to spread it selfe and receive hurt neither from the ribs or vertebres of the chest it containes a continuall moisture that by its motion and heat it may not be over dried it consists of a hard and dense flesh in which are two hollowes the right side is the biggest the left side is the more corpulent and thereby the more straite but it is the more solid and thick that the vitall spirits which are worked in it may not be exhaled In the right hollow are two vessels a branch of the hollow veine whereby the heart drawes the bloud from the liver and the gate veine by which it sends the bloud throughly concocted and subtilized to the lunges In the left side also are two vessels the great Artery Aorta whereby it sends the vitall spirits every way and the arteria venosa whereby it receives the aire from the lunges which are only the bellowes of the heart to coole it The heart hath auricles or little eares on every side to hold up the gate vein and branch of the hollow veine that they be not broken by the violent motion of the heart the heart is one alone scituate most commonly upon the fourth vertebrae of the chest being placed there by nature because it is the most sure and armed place and is besides as it were covered on every side by the hands of the lunges and is made of a more dense solid and compact substance then any other part of the body because it must have a naturall motion of its selfe These thinges I have spoken in briefe only to shew you how necessary it is to be perfect in Anatomie wherby you shall the more easily discern the pâ—rts affâ—cted by the place of paine and cure it by a fit application of remedies without the hurting of any other part next I shall speake of the faculties CHAP. V. Of Faculties What a faculty is A Faculty is a certaine power and efficient cause proceeding from the temperament of the part and the cause whereof proceed the actions and powers of the body The animall faculty Of these are three kindes in every perfect body that is the Animall Vitall and Naturall which have a certaine simpathy one with another for if one be hurt all the rest suffer with it The Animall is that which proceeds from the proper temperament of the braine and yields knowledge sense and voluntary motion and this is of three kindes 1. Moving which remaines in the Muscles and Nerves as the fit instruments of voluntary motion 2. Sensative which consists in the five externall senses Sight Hearing Taste Smell and Touch. 3. and principall which comprehends the reasonable faculty the memory and fantasie The Animall faculty being thus seated in the braine sends from thence sence and motion by the nerves or certaine chanels into the whole body Vitall faculty But the Vitall faculty is that which sendeth life to every member of the whole body and maintaines the essence of the spirits and this hath his seat in the heart from whence he sends heat through the arteries to every part of the body and is much hindred by diseases in the breast Naturall faculty The naturall faculty is that which carries the nourishment into all the members of the body and this claimes his place in the liver it is by Avicen and most of the ancient Philosophers concluded that this naturall faculty is divided into two parts whereof one is the preserving of life and health unseparable and to nourish the body as comming from the fountaine and mint of nourishment the other is the preserving and maintaining the forme and species made in generation First by drawing the seminall matter from the humours of the body and
the five senses sight hearing taste smell and touch to the performance whereof necessarily occurre these three 1. the organe 2. the medium or meane 3. the object The organe is the animall spirit diffused all over the body the meane carries the object to the instrument the object is an externall quality that can by a medicine stirre up the organe as for example sight is the seeing faculty acted by the eye which is the organe the object is the visible quality before the eye the medium arrives the object at the eye The hearing faculty whereof the eare is the organe every sound the object the medium is the ayre that carries the sound to the eare The smelling faculty commeth from the mammillary processes produced from the proper substance of the braine and seated in the upper part of the nose the object is every smell the medium by which it is carried is to men birds and beasts the aire to fishes the water The action of the taste is performed by the tongue the object is the taste of severall meats and drinkes the medium is either externall as is the spittle that doth moisten the tongue or internall as the spongy flesh of the tongue it selfe All parts endued with a nerve enjoy the sense of touching the object is every tractable quality as heat cold roughnesse c. The medium is either the skin or the flesh endued with those nerves The next action is voluntary motion and is performed by a muscle as I shewed you in the Chapter of Parts or Members either by extention or contraction upward downeward to the right hand to the left hand forward or backward The principall action is threefold 1. Imagination 2. Reason 3. and Memory Imagination is a certaine distinguishing apprehension Reason is a certaine judiciall estimation of things apprehended Memory is the sure storer of all things as in a magazine which the minde oft unfolds CHAP. VII Of Spirits What a spirit is THE Spirit is the substance subtle and acrious of our body bred of the most pure and thinne bloud and is the prime instrument wherby the members shall performe their office and they abide most in the heart and arteries in the braine and nerves Division of spirits The Spirits are divided into three parts animall vital naturall Animall spirit the animall is seated in the braine for there it is prepared and made and of which a great part is sent to the eyes by the nerves optickes and some to the eares and divers other parts this kind is called animall because it is the chiefe and prime instrument of life Vitall spirit The vitall spirit hath his chief mansion in the left ventricle of the heart and in the arteries and is made of the evaporation of the bloud and furnished with matter from the aire which we draw in breathing and is sent from his seate in the heart through the channels of the arteries into the whole for the conservation of naturall heate Naturall spirit The naturall spirit is engendred in the liver and veines and there remaines while the bloud is made and other naturall operations perfected the use of it is to helpe the concoction both of the whole body and of each severall part and to carry blood and heate to them These spirits being dissipated we cannot hope for life because the flower therof is decaied and wasted in their defect Now to these naturall things which I have shewed you are associate and joyned these foure following viz. Age Colour Figure or Scite and Kinde or Composure Age is a space or part of our life in which our bodies are subject to mutations and of this I have sufficiently spoken before The Colour shewes the temperament of the body and the just proportion of humours as if there be a just proportion of the foure humours the colour is red if aboundance of melancholy the colour is livide and blacke if aboundance of choller the colour is citrine and yellow if phlegme the colour is white and pale Scite and figure shew the good composure and connexion of all the parts of a body fitly and duely compacted as they ought to be of this kind there are foure quadrature crassitude or thickenesse extenuation and fatnesse Sex is the distinction betwixt Male and Female not in parts but in constitution as the Male is commonly hot the Female cold and so are Eunuches CHAP. VIII Of things not naturall which is the second part of Physicke What things not naturall are HAving shewed you things naturall whereof mans body is composed and what they are as Elements Humours c. as we formerly comprehended under the name naturall we will now proceed in the description of things not naturall which are used to conserve and defend the body composed and made of the things naturall already spoken of these doe pertaine to that of Physicke which is for preserving health and are the meane betwixt things naturall and things against nature for they doe not constitute our nature as things naturall neither doe they hurt or damage it as things against nature but they are indifferent good if they be well used and bad if they be ill used the use whereof we consider from foure conditions quantity quality occasion and manner of using These being observed you may effect and cause things doubtfull of themselves to bring undoubted health things not naturall are in number six 1. the aire that goeth about us 2. the meate and drinke we use 3. the motion and rest of our bodies 4. sleeping and waking 5. repletion and inanition or things to be expelled or retained 6. and perturbations of the minde CHAP. IX Of Aire Aire AIRE is so necessary for us that not one minute of health can be enjoyed without the same as we may perceive by the continuall transpiration and breathing that all living creatures have for their refreshing and to regender the spirit animal and therefore because we so often draw it in breath it out it wil be very necessary for our health to know what aire is wholesome and what unwholesome for the aire doth alter our bodies three manner of waies by quality as if it be horter moister or drier by substance as if it be more grosser or more subtle then is fit or by mutation which any man may prove who makes a suddaine change out of a quiet aire into a stormy and that is troubled with winds The most healthfull Aire Therefore the most healthfull and best aire is that which is cleere subtle and pure free and open on every side exempt from evill evaporations fennes sinkes cloudes rotten and carrion like smells of dead carkasses standing pooles and all corruption that is neither is too hot nor too cold too drie nor too moist and this aire is the best both for the preserving of health and curing of diseases Evill Aire The evill aire is quite contrary to the good as that which is putride shut prest up in some narrow place thicke rotten
armes riding stirres the belly calling and speaking loude exercises the lungs To the exercise of the body may also be added rubbings and frictions which have been in greater esteeme then now they are and were used in stead of exercises to such bodies as for weakenesse cold use no other they were performed either with the hands sponges or hard linnen clothes which if seldome used do harden and condensate the flesh but if often they attenuate rarifie and waste it Now as there are many conveniences by exercise used indue quantity quality and time so is there many inconveniences and dangers proceeding of rest and idlenesse as crudities obstructions stones in the reines and bladder goutes apoplexy and sundry others and it not only dulleth the principall instruments of our body but also of our minde CHAP. XII Of sleeping and waking What sleepe is SLeepe is a rest and quietnesse of the whole body and the cessation of the spirits and faculty animall from sense and motion fortifying the strength helping digestion and correcting the passions of the minde it is caused when the braines are possessed with vapours that ascend which by the coldnesse of the braines are turned into humours which close the conduits of the nerves for when we are waking the animall fâ—culties as sence motion and all are at worke but when we are sleeping the natural functions are better performed because the heate goes into the bowells where by is made digestion which cannot be made by sleepe in the day so well for the Sunne drawes the heate and spirits into the outward part of the body Sleepe in the day is hurtfull and therefore sleep in the day is counted hurtful because being wakened by noise or by the attraction of the spirits by the Sun the concoction begunne is not perfected but the stomacke filled with crudities and sower belchings the braine filled with grosse vapours and excrementitious humidities and is the cause of divers sickenesses as catarrhes c. But though sleepe in the night time be counted and esteemed wholesome yet except it be restrained within certaine limits it will prove otherwise therefore eight houres is sufficient for longer time hinders the evacuation of the excrements both upwards and downwards and the naturall heate which is never idle drawes from them some ill vapour into the veines and principall parts of the body to become some matter for a disease How to sleepe Also in our lying downe to sleepe we must observe this rule first to lye one our right side that the meat may fall more easily into the bottome of the stomacke which is hotter about an houre after is good to turne on the left side that so the liver mâ—y with its lobes as with hands imbrace the ventricle and as a fire under a Furnace may hasten digestion lye in no wise on your face nor on your backe for the first causeth defluxions in the eyes the other inflammations in the reines and stone palsies convulsions and all diseases that proceed from the spinall marrow neither must we lye with our hands under our head for that causeth defluxions of humours on the lights nor sleepe soone after meate painefull sleeping in sickenesse is no good signe but altogether dangerous not painefull is a good token Dreames By dreames we often know the humour that hath dominion and is superfluous in the body for the sanguine dreames are of marriages mirth dancings gardens and things pleasant and libidinous Cholericke dreames are fiery bright shining burning full of noise and contention Phlegmaticke dreames are cold of flouds snowes waters showers and falling from high places Melancholicke dreames are sad of caves prisons thicke darkenesse smoakes and dismall things Waking Much waking corrupteth the braine and hurts the temperature thereof debilitateth the senses alters the spirits moveth crudities breedeth heavinesse of the head falling away and wasting of the flesh and dissipateth the naturall heat and maketh ulcers very rebellious and difficult to heale CHAP. XIII Of Repletion and Inanition Of fulnesse REpletion or fulnesse is made two waies either in quantity or in quality in quantity the body being distended with too much meate drinke and humours and in so great a quantity that nature cannot overcome from whence proceed infinite sorts of maladies in quality when the meat exceedeth without any defluxion or society of any humour fulnesse in quantity is either Repletio ad vasa or ad vires fulnesse to the vessels as when the stomacke and veines are so full that they are distended and stretched that some are forced to vomit up againe that which they have taken in so great quantity fulnesse to the strength is when the body is loaded with more meats than it can well beare or the vertue force or faculty thereof digest There is also a fulnesse of humours caused sometimes by one humour sometimes by all when it is by one humour it is called cacochymia that is an evill juice whether it proceed from a chollericke phlegmaticke melancholicke or serous humour fulnesse that is caused by all the humours is called plethora by the Greekes in Latine plenitude because it is an equall excesse of all the humours Witnesse what it is Inanition or evacuation is the expulsion of humours excrements which are troublesome either in quantity or quality and this is either universâ—lly or particularly the universall evacuation is the cleansing of the whole body from superfluous humours by purging vomiting sweating opening a veine scarification friction bathing c. the particular evacuation is only by evacuating and purging some one part as the braine is discharged by the nose pallat eyes and eares the lights by spitting the stomacke by vomiting the intestines by stoole the liver spleene kidneyes and bladder by urine and this is done either naturally or artificially the Physitions art helping nature to performe it Evacuation Evacuation is very necessary to prevent diseases because excrements are the originall of divers therefore it is chiefly commanded that the body be purged exonerated some excrements are good which are only in quantity excrements as seed and menstruous blood others are altogether unprofitable which are excrements both in quantity and quality as sweat urine and ordure which are as I have shewed you generall and the evacuation of the braine which is particular First therefore the retention of the seed doth acquire the force of poison in the body as it happens in young widdowes that suffer suffocation in the wombe so likewise the overmuch flowing thereof hurts the body as much for they had as good lose so much bloud this you may perceive in sparrows which scarce are known to live above two yeares and the males lesse therefore whosoever desire to preserve their health Vener let them not use venery but only to satisfie nature that is for necessity not for pleasure also those that are melancholicke and cholerick are more prejudiced hereby then the phlegmatick or sanguine for the phlegmatick are freed from many diseases because the
converting it into the humour called inominata humiditas Secondly by forming this seminall matter in the vessels and testicles Thirdly by reducing the seminall matter into simple members Fourthly by forming it at the command of the Creator into his Image and likenesse but I will only shwe you what faculties attend on these before named and for the rest I shall referre the desirous to Galen in libro de Hippocrat Platonicis dogmat li. 9. de curan morb cap. 10. lib. de potent natural It being more then my brevity will permit me to speake of Those faculties therefore that attend the forenamed three are in number foure viz. Attractive Retentive Digestive and Expulsive The Attractive drawes that juice which is most fit to nourish the body by heate and as it were a kinde of violence and is made three manner of waies 1. by heat 2. likenesse of substance 3. and to fill up vacant places it is said to be by heat as when frictions and rubbings are applied to any part of the body hot emplasters or vesicatories by which the native heate is encreased and nourishment is drawne to the part after which manner all the other parts draw The likenesse of substance is a certaine inexplicable propriety following the same forme and similitude as you may perceive in the loadstone amber and purgations which draw nourishment from the part not confusedly and indifferently but definitly and with a desire even as a familiar friend a part therefore drawes nourishment by heat but by the similitude of substance it drawes this or that nourishment such as is most fit for it as the braine drawes phlegmaticke blood the lunges cholericke blood after this manner the liver drawes the Chyle the reines the urine for every one drawes that it may get thereby as the bladder of the gall drawes the gall and delights in it because of the similitude of the substance and the propriety of the matter received to the place receiving Now the attraction to fill up vacant places is made by the desire the naturall parts have to shunne the fault of vacancy so that the light are carried downewards and the heavy are raised upwards by the ordination of nature to that end and in this manner doe the heart arteries and lunges attract aire to temper and qualifie the native heat But because the parts cannot enjoy their nourishment that they have acquired unlesse the attracted be somewhile staied for every action hath his time therefore nature like a good and skilfull workeman hath given every part a faculty of holding and retaining the nourishment untill it be made perfect by concoction into the forme of Chyle it is helped by coldnesse and drynesse Digestive faculty The digeive faculty is that which turnes the nourishment brought in by the attractive faculty and retained by the retentive faculty into a fit substance for that part whose faculty it is as from the stomacke the nourishment is turned into Chyle from Chyle the digestive faculty in the meseraicke veines turnes it into blood which by a third kinde is brought to the members and assimulated to them and converted into the same substance as may be perceived in the paps of women and testicles of men Expulsive faculty And because from aboundance of excrements proceed many dangerous diseases and that no nourishment whatsoever but hath his faeces therefore hath nature placed the expulsive faculty which is only appointed to expâ—ll those superfluities which by no action of heat can obtaine the forme of the part and thus the wombe at the appointed time doth send forth the infant by a most vehement expulsive faculty Now if any of these faculties be wanting in a body the health must needs decay for want of nourishment but if these faculties doe rightly performe their duties then the nourishment is changed into the proper substance of the part and truly assimulated to it CHAP. VI. Of the Actions What an action is THE next thing we must speake of is of the Actions which arise from the aforesaid faculties for as a faculty depends on a temperament so an Action depends on a faculty and therefore it is called an active motion proceeding from a faculty for let the faculty be removed away and there will be no action These actions are three in number Animall Vitall and Naturall which are called also Simple and Compound Simple actions simple to whom one alone operative faculty with its naturall instruments doth concurre as Attraction which is caused of the faculty Attractive by Heat and drinesse Retention which is caused of the faculty Retentive by Cold and drinesse Digestion which is caused of the faculty Digestive by Heat and moisture Expulsion which is caused of the faculty Expulsive by Cold and moisture Compound actions The compound is made either of two faculties as the naturall desire of meat proceeds from the attractive and sensative faculty by which the stomackes feeles emptinesse for five naturall motions goe before the naturall desire As First the emptinsse of the members Secondly the Attraction or sucking of the members by the veines Thirdly the attraction of the veines from the liver Fourthly the sucking of the liver from the stomacke by the meseraicke veines Fithly the sense and feeling in the stomacke from whence proceedes the naturall desire of meat This compound may be made of more then two faculties as the carrying which is as much to say as the helping forward of the nourishment in its passage to the members and the egestion of the excrements and urine which is made three waies by the sensative that feeles the burthen by the appetitive or desiring which desires to be eased and the expulsive which expelleth and driveth the excrement to the instrument Naturall actions Actions are either voluntary or naturall the naturall are performed against our will as the continuall motion and pulsation of the heart and arteries and expulsion of excrements and these actions flow from the liver and veines or from the heart and arteries and therefore are they called naturall and vitall actions The unvoluntary vitall actions be the dilatation contraction of the heart and arteries which we commonly call pulse by that they draw in and by this they expell or drive forth The unvoluntary vitall actions be generation which proceedeth from the generative faculty and growth and nutrition which proceedeth from the growing and nourishing faculty Generation Generation is a producing of matter and introducing of a substantiall forme into the said matter Growth Growth is an inlarging of the solid parts retaining still both the figure and solidity as the bones whose encrease the whole body followes Nutrition Nutrition is a perfect assimulation of that nourishment which is digested into the nature of the part which digests and is performed by the foure aforesaid actions Attractive Retentive Digestive and Expulsive Voluntary motions The voluntary motions we willingly performe are three the sensative action the moving action and the principall The sensative comprehends all