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A55845 A synopsis of councels. By John Prideaux, late Regius Professour of Divinity at Oxford, and Bishop of Worcester Prideaux, John, 1578-1650. 1661 (1661) Wing P3436B; ESTC R220554 30,992 65

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convened with the Sadduces where the Apostles designed for Massacre were freed by Gamaleel and their punishment was mittigated and they dismissed only with whipping Act. 5. Their 3d Councel judged Stephen to be stoned Acts 6.12 In the 4th Councel under Ananias Paul was beaten and welnigh torn in pieces between the Pharises and Sadduces Act. 23.10 The 5th is said to be called by Ananias the younger where James the brother of the Lord with some others were sentenced to death Joseph Antiq. l. 20. c. 8. 2. The Councells celebrated by the Apostles are commonly noted 1. For the substituting of Mathias in the place of Judas who betrayed our Saviour Act. 1. 2. For the election of seven Deacons Act. 6. 3. For not pressing of the Ceremonial Law seeing that justification may be obtained by the Grace of God alone in Christ Acts 15.11 in which may be observed an exact directory for the following Councels 4. For the toleration of some legal observations for a time that by such a condescention the weaker sortmight be gained and the Mother Synagogue honourably inter'd and abolisht Act. 21.18 5. For the meeting wherein was composed the Apostles Creed by the Apostles met together every one contributing his part 6. For the meeting which did obtrude to the Church 85 Canons under the notion of the Apostles authority concerning which there are various Controversies 7. For the meeting at Antioch were among nine Canons the eighth commanded Images of Christ to be substituted in the room of Heathenish Idols the other pious Canons being destitute of the Authority of the Synod vid. Bin. Tom. 1. p. 19. Longum p. 147. INQUIRIES Whether 1. The Apostles met together in any Synod for the composing of the Creed which we have D. 2. S. Clement the Disciple of Peter wrote them in Greek Dionysius the lesse did translate them into Latine The Canons commonly termed Apostolical be unjustly attributed to the Apostles A. 3. The Author Authority or number of them be certainly known vid. Joverium p. 2. N. 4. The Epitome of Apostolical constitutions found in Crete and published by Charles Kapellicus be of any moment Consult P. Crab. N. 5. The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin at a convention of the Apostles hath any ground or foundation N. 6. The Councel held at Antioch concerning approbation of Images be altogether imaginary A. 7. That compleat Councel of the Apostles Act. 15. may be an example for all other Synods to imitate A. CAP. IV. Of Approved Oecumenical Councels SECT I. Of the Greek or Eastern Oecumenical Councels 1. OEcumenicall or Generall Councels are such wherein Bishops and other Learned men out of every Country may freely meet together for the discussing and determining of Ecclesiastical affairs piously prudently and orderly without favour of Parties according to the Word of God and the received Canons of the Church 2. Such are 1. Greek or Eastern 2. Latine or Western Of the Greek Councels as the more famous may be reckoned 1. The NICENE the 1. 2. Of CONSTANTINOPLE the 1. 3. Of EPHESUS the 1. 4. Of CALCEDON 5. Of CONSTANTINOPLE the 2d 6. Of CONSTANTINOPLE the 3d 7. The NICENE the 2d 4. A.D. 235 The first NICENE Councel so called because it was celebrated at Nicea of Bithinia where afterwards the Arians Hillar Socrat. L. 2. c. 29. Baron an 359. N. 27. Longus that they might make this void called another Councel by the Authority of Constantine the Great in the time of Julius the first and Sylvester Popes 2. It consisted of 318. Bishops Hosius of Carduba being President having for his associats Potomon of Heraclia Papnutius a Theban of whom each lost an eye for Christs cause together with Paulus of new Cesaria who for the same profession was compelled to carry an hot Iron in his hand and Eustachius of Antioch who in the name of the Councel entertained the Emperour with an elegant Oration with many more famous for Learning and Miracles 3. The Canons of it being only 20. nor is it sufficiently manifest how warrantable came to the hands of Posterity Perhaps this hapned by the power and subtlety of the Artans Some obtrude more lately found by the Jesuites Turrianus and Pisanus in some hidden places of Arabia which the more Judicious doe little esteem 4. Three things especially are reported as condemned by this famous Synod 1. The Arian Heresie Blasphemously denying the Sonne to be Coeternall and Coessentiall with the Father 2. The dissent of the Eastern from the Western Christians about the Celebration of the Passcover in a manner different from the Jewish Custome 3. Together with the Schismatical dissentions of the Melitians and Novatians by which they Created perpetual troubles to the Orthodox Bishops 5. In this Councell the Emperour burnt all the accusations which the Bishops brought against each other as unworthy to be seen 6. An illeterate Christian grapling with a proud boasting Philosopher who with his reproaches persecuted Christianity stopped his blasphemous mouth 7. In which also Paphnutius a single man did confute some who were earnest against the Marriage of the Clergy Consult about this with Gelasius Cycizenus Scultet Analysis Socrat. Hist Tripartit l. 1. c. 8. Ruff. l. 10. c. 1. Bell. de Consil l. 1. c. 5 13 Calvin Instit l. 4. c. 7. S. 1. Camerar Hist de Concil Nicen. 5. A.D. 313 The first of CONSTANTINOPLE under Gratian and Theodosius the great and Damasus 1. Consisting of 150 Bishops 2. It is not manifest who sate in this as chief unlesse it was Cyrillus of Hierusalem 3. They condemned and discharged Macedonius Bishop of Constantinople for his perfidious opposing the Deity of the Holy Ghost together with Maximus Cynicus by reason of his Doctrine against Discipline mentioned Can. 6. Of whose Canons Caranza reckons only 7. Longus 9. All which except the first concerning the receiving of the Nicene Belief and the banishing of the Heretiques are rejected by the Roman Church 5. The Emperour nul'd all Confessions except that of those who acknowledge Christ Coessentiall with the Father which our present Liturgy retains under the name of the Nicene Creed 5. It is thought that Gregory Nazianzen compiled it according to the sense of the Synod 7. These words and the Sonne which confirms the Holy Ghosts proceeding from the Father and the Sonne are known to be added to this Creed by Benedictus the seventh which Leo the first and the third his Predecessors dared not to attempt Longus ex Lombard 1. Sent. D. 11. Bonavent aliis Theodoret. Hist l. 5. c. 6. 10. A.D. 434 6. The first of EPHESUS was fortunately called under Theodosius the younger promoted by Celestine the first 2. In this 200 Bishops condemned Nestorius of Constantinople together with Carisius his flattering Presbyter who instead of two Natures acknowledged diverse Persons in Christ and therefore pleaded that the Blessed Virgin should be stiled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 only and not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3.