the_o thing_n perceive_v and_o it_o be_v more_o accurate_o say_v that_o we_o see_v the_o sun_n then_o that_o we_o see_v the_o light_n for_o light_n &_o colour_n &_o heat_n &_o sound_n and_o other_o quality_n which_o be_v common_o call_v sensible_a be_v not_o object_n but_o phantasm_n in_o the_o sentients_n for_o a_o phantasm_n be_v the_o act_n of_o sense_n and_o differ_v no_o otherwise_o from_o sense_n then_o fieri_fw-la that_o be_v be_v a_o do_v differ_v from_o factum_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o be_v be_v do_v which_o difference_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v in_o a_o instant_a be_v none_o at_o all_o and_o a_o phantasm_n be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_a for_o in_o all_o motion_n which_o proceed_v by_o perpetual_a propagation_n the_o first_o part_n be_v move_v move_v the_o second_o the_o second_o the_o three_o and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o last_o and_o that_o to_o any_o distance_n how_o great_a soever_o and_o in_o what_o point_n of_o time_n the_o first_o or_o foremost_a part_n proceed_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o second_o which_o be_v thrust_v on_o in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o time_n the_o last_o save_v one_o proceed_v into_o the_o place_n of_o the_o last_o yield_a part_n which_o by_o reaction_n in_o the_o same_o instant_n if_o the_o reaction_n be_v strong_a enough_o make_v a_o phantasm_n and_o a_o phantasm_n be_v make_v perception_n be_v make_v together_o with_o it_o 4_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n which_o be_v in_o the_o sentient_a be_v such_o part_n thereof_o that_o if_o they_o be_v hurt_v the_o very_a generation_n of_o phantasm_n be_v thereby_o destroy_v though_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n remain_v entire_a now_o these_o part_n in_o the_o most_o of_o live_v creature_n be_v find_v to_o be_v certain_a spirit_n and_o membrane_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la involve_v the_o brain_n and_o all_o the_o nerve_n also_o the_o brain_n itself_o and_o the_o artery_n which_o be_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o such_o other_o part_n as_o be_v stir_v the_o hart_n also_o which_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o all_o sense_n be_v stir_v together_o with_o they_o for_o whensoever_o the_o action_n of_o the_o object_n reach_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sentient_a that_o action_n be_v by_o some_o nerve_n propagate_v to_o the_o brain_n and_o if_o the_o nerve_n lead_v thither_o be_v so_o hurt_v or_o obstruct_v that_o the_o motion_n can_v be_v propagate_v no_o further_o no_o sense_n follow_v also_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v intercept_v between_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o the_o action_n be_v propagate_v there_o will_v be_v no_o perception_n of_o the_o object_n 5_o but_o though_o all_o sense_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v make_v by_o reaction_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o every_o thing_n that_o react_v shall_v have_v sense_n i_o know_v there_o have_v be_v philosopher_n &_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v maintain_v that_o all_o body_n be_v endue_v with_o sense_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v how_o they_o can_v be_v refute_v if_o the_o nature_n of_o sense_n be_v place_v in_o reaction_n only_o and_o though_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o body_n inanimate_a a_o phantasm_n may_v be_v make_v it_o will_v nevertheless_o cease_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o object_n be_v remove_v for_o unless_o those_o body_n have_v organ_n as_o live_v creature_n have_v fit_a for_o the_o retain_v of_o such_o motion_n as_o be_v make_v in_o they_o their_o sense_n will_v be_v such_o as_o that_o they_o shall_v never_o remember_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o this_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o my_o discourse_n for_o by_o sense_n we_o common_o understand_v the_o judgement_n we_o make_v of_o object_n by_o their_o phantasm_n namely_o by_o compare_v and_o distinguish_v those_o phantasm_n which_o we_o can_v never_o do_v if_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o the_o phantasm_n be_v make_v do_v not_o remain_v there_o for_o some_o time_n and_o make_v the_o same_o phantasm_n return_v wherefore_o sense_n as_o i_o here_o understand_v it_o and_o which_o be_v common_o so_o call_v have_v necessary_o some_o memory_n adhere_v to_o it_o by_o which_o former_a and_o late_a phantasm_n may_v be_v compare_v together_o and_o distinguish_v from_o one_o another_o sense_n therefore_o proper_o so_o call_v must_v necessary_o have_v in_o it_o a_o perpetual_a variety_n of_o phantasm_n that_o they_o may_v be_v discern_v one_o from_o another_o for_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v a_o man_n to_o be_v make_v with_o clear_a eye_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o organ_n of_o sight_n well_o dispose_v but_o endue_v with_o no_o other_o sense_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v look_v only_o upon_o one_o thing_n which_o be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o figure_n without_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o variety_n he_o will_v seem_v to_o i_o whatsoever_o other_o may_v say_v to_o see_v no_o more_o than_o i_o seem_v to_o myself_o to_o feel_v the_o bone_n of_o my_o own_o limb_n by_o my_o organ_n of_o feel_v and_o yet_o those_o bone_n be_v always_o and_o on_o all_o side_n touch_v by_o a_o most_o sensible_a membrane_n i_o may_v perhaps_o say_v he_o be_v astonish_v and_o look_v upon_o it_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o say_v he_o see_v it_o it_o be_v almost_o all_o one_o for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v always_o sensible_a of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o not_o to_o be_v sensible_a at_o all_o of_o any_o thing_n 6_o and_o yet_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n that_o it_o do_v not_o permit_v a_o man_n to_o discern_v many_o thing_n at_o once_o for_o see_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n consist_v in_o motion_n as_o long_o as_o the_o organ_n be_v employ_v about_o one_o object_n they_o can_v be_v so_o move_v by_o another_o at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o to_o make_v by_o both_o their_o motion_n one_o sincere_a phantasm_n of_o each_o of_o they_o at_o once_o and_o therefore_o two_o several_a phantasm_n will_v not_o be_v make_v by_o two_o object_n work_v together_o but_o only_o one_o phantasm_n compound_v from_o the_o action_n of_o both_o beside_o as_o when_o we_o divide_v a_o body_n we_o divide_v its_o place_n and_o when_o we_o reckon_v many_o body_n we_o must_v necessary_o reckon_v as_o many_o place_n and_o contrary_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o the_o seven_o chapter_n so_o what_o number_n soever_o we_o say_v there_o be_v of_o time_n we_o must_v understand_v the_o same_o number_n of_o motion_n also_o and_o as_o oft_o as_o we_o count_v many_o motion_n so_o oft_o we_o reckon_v many_o time_n for_o though_o the_o object_n we_o look_v upon_o be_v of_o diverse_a colour_n yet_o with_o those_o diverse_a colour_n it_o be_v but_o one_o vary_a object_n and_o not_o variety_n of_o object_n moreover_o while_o those_o organ_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v those_o part_n of_o every_o organ_n which_o proceed_v in_o man_n from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o hart_n be_v vehement_o stir_v by_o a_o strong_a action_n from_o some_o one_o object_n they_o be_v by_o reaof_o the_o contumacy_n which_o the_o motion_n they_o have_v already_o give_v they_o against_o the_o reception_n of_o all_o other_o motion_n make_v the_o less_o fit_a to_o receive_v any_o other_o impression_n from_o whatsoever_o other_o object_n to_o what_o sense_n soever_o those_o object_n belong_v and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o earnest_n study_v of_o one_o object_n take_v away_o the_o sense_n of_o all_o other_o object_n for_o the_o present_a for_o study_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o possession_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o vehement_a motion_n make_v by_o some_o one_o object_n in_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n which_o be_v stupid_a to_o all_o other_o motion_n as_o long_o as_o this_o last_v according_a to_o what_o be_v say_v by_o terence_n populus_fw-la study_v stupidus_fw-la in_o funambulo_fw-la animum_fw-la occuparat_fw-la for_o what_o be_v stupor_n but_o that_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v a_o cessation_n from_o the_o sense_n of_o other_o thing_n wherefore_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n we_o can_v by_o sense_n perceive_v more_o than_o one_o single_a object_n as_o in_o read_v we_o see_v the_o letter_n successive_o one_o by_o one_o and_o not_o all_o together_o though_o the_o whole_a page_n be_v present_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o though_o every_o several_a letter_n be_v distinct_o write_v there_o yet_o when_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o whole_a page_n at_o once_o we_o read_v nothing_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o every_o endeavour_n of_o the_o organ_n outwards_o be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v sense_n but_o that_o only_a which_o
nothing_o but_o perturb_a light_n be_v comprehend_v wherefore_o the_o phantasm_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n be_v light_n and_o of_o a_o colour_a body_n colour_n but_o the_o object_n of_o sight_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v neither_o light_n nor_o colour_n but_o the_o body_n itself_o which_o be_v lucid_a or_o enlighten_v or_o colour_v for_o light_n and_o colour_n be_v phantasm_n of_o the_o sentient_a can_v be_v accident_n of_o the_o object_n which_o be_v manifest_a enough_o from_o this_o that_o visible_a thing_n appear_v oftentimes_o in_o place_n in_o which_o we_o know_v assure_o they_o be_v not_o and_o that_o in_o different_a place_n they_o be_v of_o different_a colour_n and_o may_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o divers_a place_n motion_n rest_v magnitude_n and_o figure_n be_v common_a both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o touch_n and_o the_o whole_a appearance_n together_o of_o figure_n and_o light_n or_o colour_n be_v by_o the_o greek_n common_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o by_o the_o latin_n species_n and_o imago_fw-la all_o which_o name_n signify_v no_o more_o but_o appearance_n the_o phantasm_n which_o be_v make_v by_o hear_v be_v sound_a by_o smell_n odour_n by_o taste_n savour_n and_o by_o touch_n hardness_n and_o softness_n heat_n and_o cold_a wetness_n oiliness_n and_o many_o more_o which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o sense_n then_o word_n smoothness_n roughness_n rarity_n and_o density_n refer_v to_o figure_n and_o be_v therefore_o common_a both_o to_o touch_v and_o sight_n and_o as_o for_o the_o object_n of_o hear_v smell_v taste_n and_o touch_v they_o be_v not_o sound_v odour_n savour_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o body_n themselves_o from_o which_o sound_n odour_n savour_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n proceed_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o which_o and_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o be_v produce_v i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o these_o phantasm_n though_o they_o be_v effect_n in_o the_o sentient_a as_o subject_a produce_v by_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o organ_n yet_o there_o be_v also_o other_o effect_n beside_o these_o produce_v by_o the_o same_o object_n in_o the_o same_o organ_n namely_o certain_a motion_n proceed_v from_o sense_n which_o be_v call_v animal_n motion_n for_o see_v in_o all_o sense_n of_o external_a thing_n there_o be_v mutual_a action_n and_o reaction_n that_o be_v two_o endeavour_n oppose_v one_o another_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o both_o of_o they_o together_o will_v be_v continue_v every_o way_n especial_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o the_o body_n and_o when_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o internal_a organ_n the_o endeavour_n outward_o will_v proceed_v in_o a_o solid_a angle_n which_o will_v be_v great_a and_o consequent_o the_o idea_n great_a than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v if_o the_o impression_n have_v be_v weak_a 11_o from_o hence_o the_o natural_a cause_n be_v manifest_a first_o why_o those_o thing_n seem_v to_o be_v great_a which_o caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la be_v see_v in_o a_o great_a angle_n second_o why_o in_o a_o serene_a cold_a night_n when_o the_o moon_n do_v not_o shine_v more_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n appear_v then_o at_o another_o time_n for_o their_o action_n be_v less_o hinder_v by_o the_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n and_o not_o obscure_v by_o the_o great_a light_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v then_o absent_a and_o the_o cold_a make_v the_o air_n more_o press_v help_v or_o strengthen_v the_o action_n of_o the_o star_n upon_o our_o eye_n in_o so_o much_o as_o star_n may_v then_o be_v see_v which_o be_v see_v at_o no_o other_o time_n and_o this_o may_v suffice_v to_o be_v say_v in_o general_a concern_v sense_n make_v by_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n for_o as_o for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o image_n the_o deception_n of_o sight_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o which_o we_o have_v experience_n in_o ourselves_o by_o sense_n be_v they_o depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o fabric_n itself_o of_o the_o eye_n of_o man_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o they_o then_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o man._n 12_o but_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o sense_n of_o which_o i_o will_v say_v something_o in_o this_o place_n namely_o the_o sense_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o heart_n outward_o but_o from_o continual_a action_n from_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n towards_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o original_n of_o life_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n that_o motion_n in_o the_o sentient_n which_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o heart_n must_v necessary_o make_v some_o alteration_n or_o diversion_n of_o vital_a motion_n namely_o by_o quicken_a or_o slacken_a help_a or_o hinder_v the_o same_o now_o when_o it_o help_v it_o be_v pleasure_n and_o when_o it_o hinder_v it_o be_v pain_n trouble_v grief_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o phantasm_n seem_v to_o be_v without_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o endeavour_n outward_o so_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o organ_n inward_o seem_v to_o be_v within_o namely_o there_o where_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n be_v as_o when_o the_o pain_n proceed_v from_o a_o wound_n we_o think_v the_o pain_n and_o the_o wound_n be_v both_o in_o the_o same_o place_n now_o vital_a motion_n be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n perpetual_o circulate_v as_o have_v be_v show_v from_o many_o infallible_a sign_n and_o mark_n by_o doctor_n harvey_n the_o first_o observer_n of_o it_o in_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n which_o motion_n when_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o motion_n make_v by_o the_o action_n of_o sensible_a object_n may_v be_v restore_v again_o either_o by_o bend_v or_o set_v straight_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v do_v when_o the_o spirit_n be_v carry_v now_o into_o these_o now_o into_o other_o nerve_n till_o the_o pain_n as_o far_o as_o be_v possible_a be_v quite_o take_v away_o but_o if_o vital_a motion_n be_v help_v by_o motion_n make_v by_o sense_n than_o the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n will_v be_v dispose_v to_o guide_v the_o spirit_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o conduce_v most_o to_o the_o preservation_n and_o augmentation_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o in_o animal_n motion_n this_o be_v the_o very_a first_o endeavour_n and_o find_v even_o in_o the_o embryo_n which_o while_o it_o be_v in_o the_o womb_n move_v its_o limb_n with_o voluntary_a motion_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o whatsoever_o trouble_v it_o or_o for_o the_o pursue_v of_o what_o please_v it_o and_o this_o first_o endeavour_n when_o it_o tend_v towards_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v pleasant_a be_v call_v appetite_n that_o be_v a_o approach_v and_o when_o it_o shun_v what_o be_v troublesome_a aversion_n or_o fly_v from_o it_o and_o little_a infant_n at_o the_o beginning_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v bear_v have_v appetite_n to_o very_o few_o thing_n as_o also_o they_o avoid_v very_o few_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o want_n of_o experience_n and_o memory_n &_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o animal_n motion_n as_o we_o see_v in_o those_o that_o be_v more_o grow_v for_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a without_o such_o knowledge_n as_o be_v derive_v from_o sense_n that_o be_v without_o experience_n and_o memory_n to_o know_v what_o will_v prove_v pleasant_a or_o hurtful_a only_o there_o be_v some_o place_n for_o conjecture_n from_o the_o look_n or_o aspect_n of_o thing_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o they_o do_v not_o know_v what_o may_v do_v they_o good_a or_o harm_n yet_o sometime_o they_o approach_v and_o sometime_o retire_v from_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o their_o doubt_n prompt_v they_o but_o afterward_o by_o accustom_v themselves_o by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o come_v to_o know_v ready_o what_o be_v to_o be_v pursue_v and_o what_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o also_o to_o have_v a_o ready_a use_n of_o their_o nerve_n and_o other_o organ_n in_o the_o pursue_n and_o avoid_v of_o good_a and_o bad_a wherefore_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n be_v the_o first_o endeavour_n of_o animal_n motion_n consequent_a to_o this_o first_o endeavour_n be_v the_o impulsion_n into_o the_o nerve_n and_o retraction_n again_o of_o animal_n spirit_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a there_o be_v some_o receptacle_n on_o place_n near_o the_o original_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o this_o motion_n or_o endeavour_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o swell_a and_o relaxation_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o last_o these_o be_v follow_v by_o contraction_n and_o extension_n of_o the_o limb_n which_o be_v animal_n motion_n 13_o the_o consideration_n of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n be_v divers_a for_o see_v live_a creature_n have_v sometime_o appetite_n and_o
of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o plant_n make_v a_o odorous_a liquor_n so_o also_o of_o air_n pass_v through_o the_o same_o plant_n while_o they_o be_v grow_v be_v make_v odorous_a air_n and_o thus_o also_o it_o be_v with_o the_o juice_n and_o spirit_n which_o be_v breed_v in_o live_v creature_n 16_o that_o odorous_a body_n may_v be_v make_v more_o odorous_a by_o contrition_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o be_v break_v into_o many_o part_n which_o be_v all_o odorous_a the_o air_n which_o by_o respiration_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o object_n towards_o the_o organ_n do_v in_o its_o passage_n touch_v upon_o all_o those_o part_n and_o receive_v their_o motion_n now_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o superficies_n only_o and_o a_o body_n have_v less_o superficies_n while_o it_o be_v whole_a than_o all_o its_o part_n together_o have_v after_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o powder_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o odorous_a body_n yield_v less_o smell_n while_o it_o be_v whole_a than_o it_o will_v do_v after_o it_o be_v break_v into_o small_a part_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o smell_v 17_o the_o taste_n follow_v who_o generation_n have_v this_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o the_o sight_n hear_v and_o smell_a that_o by_o these_o we_o have_v sense_n of_o remote_a object_n whereas_o we_o taste_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v contiguous_a and_o do_v immediate_o touch_v either_o the_o tongue_n or_o palate_n or_o both_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o cuticle_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o palate_n and_o the_o nerve_n insert_v into_o they_o be_v the_o first_o organ_n of_o taste_n and_o because_o from_o the_o concussion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o these_o there_o follow_v necessary_o a_o concussion_n of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la that_o the_o action_n communicate_v to_o these_o be_v propagate_v to_o the_o brain_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o far_a organ_n namely_o the_o heart_n in_o who_o reaction_n consist_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n now_o that_o savour_v as_o well_o as_o odour_n do_v not_o only_o move_v the_o brain_n but_o the_o stomach_n also_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o loathe_n that_o be_v cause_v by_o they_o both_o they_o that_o consider_v the_o organ_n of_o both_o these_o sense_n will_v not_o wonder_v at_o all_o see_v the_o tongue_n the_o palate_n &_o the_o nostril_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o continue_a cuticle_n derive_v from_o the_o dura_n mater_n and_o that_o effluvium_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o the_o sense_n of_o taste_v be_v manifest_a from_o this_o that_o there_o be_v no_o taste_n where_o the_o organ_n and_o the_o object_n be_v not_o contiguous_a by_o what_o variety_n of_o motion_n the_o different_a kind_n of_o taste_n which_o be_v innumerable_a may_v be_v distinguish_v i_o know_v not_o i_o may_v with_o other_o derive_v they_o from_o the_o divers_a figure_n of_o those_o atom_n of_o which_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v taste_v consist_v or_o from_o the_o diverse_a motion_n which_o i_o may_v by_o way_n of_o supposition_n attribute_v to_o those_o atom_n conjecture_v not_o without_o some_o likelihood_n of_o truth_n that_o such_o thing_n as_o taste_v sweet_a have_v their_o particle_n move_v with_o slow_a circular_a motion_n and_o their_o figure_n spherical_a which_o make_v they_o smooth_a and_o please_a to_o the_o organ_n that_o bitter_a thing_n have_v circular_a motion_n but_o vehement_a and_o their_o figure_n full_a of_o angle_n by_o which_o they_o trouble_v the_o organ_n and_o that_o sour_a thing_n have_v straight_o and_o reciprocal_a motion_n and_o their_o figure_n long_o and_o small_a so_o that_o they_o cut_v and_o wound_v the_o organ_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n i_o may_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o other_o taste_v such_o several_a motion_n and_o figure_n of_o atom_n as_o might_n in_o probability_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n but_o this_o will_v be_v to_o revolt_v from_o philosophy_n to_o divination_n 18_o by_o the_o touch_n we_o feel_v what_o body_n be_v cold_a or_o hot_a though_o they_o be_v distant_a from_o we_o other_o as_o hard_a soft_a rough_a and_o smooth_a we_o can_v feel_v unless_o they_o be_v contiguous_a the_o organ_n of_o touch_n be_v every_o one_o of_o those_o membrane_n which_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la be_v so_o diffuse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o that_o no_o part_n of_o it_o can_v be_v press_v but_o the_o pia_n mater_n be_v press_v together_o with_o it_o whatsoever_o therefore_o press_v it_o be_v feel_v as_o hard_a or_o soft_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o more_o or_o less_o hard._n and_o as_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o rough_a it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o innumerable_a perception_n of_o hard_a and_o hard_o succeed_v one_o another_o by_o short_a interval_n both_o of_o time_n and_o place_n for_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o rough_a and_o smooth_a as_o also_o of_o magnitude_n and_o figure_n not_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n but_o also_o by_o memory_n for_o though_o some_o thing_n be_v touch_v in_o one_o point_n yet_o rough_a and_o smooth_a like_a quantity_n and_o figure_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o by_o the_o flux_n of_o a_o point_n that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o have_v no_o sense_n of_o they_o without_o time_n and_o we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o time_n without_o memory_n chap._n xxx_o of_o gravity_n 1_o a_o thick_a body_n do_v not_o contain_v more_o matter_n unless_o also_o more_o place_n than_o a_o thin_a 2_o that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n proceed_v not_o from_o their_o own_o appetite_n but_o from_o some_o power_n of_o the_o earth_n 3_o the_o difference_n of_o gravity_n proceed_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o impetus_fw-la with_o which_o the_o element_n whereof_o heavy_a body_n be_v make_v do_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n 5_o in_o what_o proportion_n the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v accelerate_a 6_o why_o those_o that_o dive_v do_v not_o when_o they_o be_v under_o water_n feel_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n above_o they_o 7_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o body_n that_o float_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o space_n which_o the_o immersed_a part_n of_o the_o body_n take_v up_o within_o the_o water_n 8_o if_o a_o body_n be_v light_a than_o water_n then_o how_o big_a soever_o that_o body_n be_v it_o will_v float_v upon_o any_o quantity_n of_o water_n how_o little_a soever_o 9_o how_o water_n may_v be_v lift_v up_o and_o force_v out_o of_o a_o vessel_n by_o air._n 10_o why_o a_o bladder_n be_v heavy_a when_o blow_v full_a of_o air_n then_o when_o it_o be_v empty_a 11_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ejection_n upward_o of_o heavy_a body_n from_o a_o windgun_n 12_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o weatherglass_n 13_o the_o cause_n of_o motion_n upward_o in_o live_v creature_n 14_o that_o there_o be_v in_o nature_n a_o kind_n of_o body_n heavy_a than_o air_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o by_o sense_n distinguishable_a from_o it_o 15_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a virtue_n 1_o in_o the_o 21_o chapter_n i_o have_v define_v thick_a and_o thin_a as_o that_o place_n require_v so_o as_o that_o by_o thick_a be_v signify_v a_o more_o resist_a body_n and_o by_o thin_a a_o body_n less_o resist_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o that_o have_v before_o i_o discourse_v of_o refraction_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o true_a and_o vulgar_a signification_n of_o those_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o be_v name_n collective_a that_o be_v to_o say_v name_n of_o multitude_n as_o thick_a to_o be_v that_o which_o take_v up_o more_o part_n of_o a_o space_n give_v &_o thin_a that_o which_o contain_v few_o part_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n in_o the_o same_o space_n or_o in_o a_o space_n equal_a to_o it_o thick_o therefore_o be_v the_o same_o with_o frequent_a as_o a_o thick_a troop_n and_o thin_a the_o same_o with_o unfrequent_a as_o a_o thin_a rank_n thin_a of_o house_n not_o that_o there_o be_v more_o matter_n in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o equal_a place_n but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o some_o name_v body_n for_o there_o be_v not_o less_o matter_n or_o body_n indefinite_o take_v in_o a_o desert_n then_o there_o be_v in_o a_o city_n but_o few_o house_n or_o few_o men._n nor_o be_v there_o in_o a_o thick_a rank_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o body_n but_o a_o great_a number_n of_o soldier_n then_o in_o a_o thin_a wherefore_o the_o multitude_n &_o paucity_n of_o the_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o same_o space_n do_v constitute_v density_n and_o rarity_n whether_o those_o part_n be_v separate_v by_o vacuum_n or_o by_o air_n but_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n in_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o i_o let_v
metaphysical_a empusa_n not_o by_o skirmish_n but_o by_o let_v in_o the_o light_n upon_o she_o for_o i_o be_o confident_a if_o any_o confidence_n of_o a_o write_n can_v proceed_v from_o the_o writer_n fear_v circumspection_n &_o diffidence_n that_o in_o the_o three_o former_a part_n of_o this_o book_n all_o that_o i_o have_v say_v be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v from_o definition_n &_o all_o in_o the_o four_o part_n from_o supposition_n not_o absurd_a but_o if_o there_o appear_v to_o your_o lordship_n any_o thing_n less_o full_o demonstrate_v then_o to_o satisfy_v every_o reader_n the_o cause_n be_v this_o that_o i_o profess_v to_o write_v not_o all_o to_o all_o but_o some_o thing_n to_o geometrician_n only_o but_o that_o your_o lordship_n will_v be_v satisfy_v i_o can_v doubt_v there_o remain_v the_o second_o section_n which_o be_v concern_v man._n that_o part_n thereof_o where_o i_o handle_v the_o optic_n contain_v six_o chapter_n together_o with_o the_o table_n of_o the_o figure_n belong_v to_o they_o i_o have_v already_o write_v &_o engravenly_v by_o i_o above_o these_o six_o year_n the_o rest_n shall_v as_o soon_o as_o i_o can_v be_v add_v to_o it_o though_o by_o the_o contumely_n &_o petty_a injury_n of_o some_o unskilful_a man_n i_o know_v already_o by_o experience_n how_o much_o great_a thanks_o will_v be_v due_a then_o pay_v i_o for_o tell_v man_n the_o truth_n of_o what_o man_n be_v but_o the_o burden_n i_o have_v take_v on_o i_o i_o mean_v to_o carry_v through_o not_o strive_v to_o appease_v but_o rather_o to_o revenge_v myself_o of_o envy_n by_o increase_a it_o for_o it_o content_v i_o that_o i_o have_v your_o lordship_n favour_n which_o be_v all_o you_o require_v i_o acknowledge_v and_o for_o which_o with_o my_o prayer_n to_o almighty_a god_n for_o your_o lordship_n safety_n i_o shall_v to_o my_o power_n be_v always_o thankful_a london_n april_n 23_o 1655._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a servant_n thomas_n hobbes_n the_o author_n epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n think_v not_o courteous_a reader_n that_o the_o philosophy_n the_o element_n whereof_o i_o be_o go_v to_o set_v in_o order_n be_v that_o which_o make_v philosopher_n stone_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o metaphsique_n code_o but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o natural_a reason_n of_o man_n busy_o fly_v up_o and_o down_o among_o the_o creature_n &_o bring_v back_o a_o true_a report_n of_o their_o order_n cause_n &_o effect_n philosophy_n therefore_o the_o child_n of_o the_o world_n and_o your_o own_o mind_n be_v within_o yourself_o perhaps_o not_o fashion_v yet_o but_o like_o the_o world_n its_o father_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n a_o thing_n confuse_v do_v therefore_o as_o the_o statuary_n do_v who_o by_o hew_v off_o that_o which_o be_v superfluous_a do_v not_o make_v but_o find_v the_o image_n or_o imitate_v the_o creation_n if_o you_o will_v be_v a_o philosopher_n in_o good_a earnest_n let_v your_o reason_n move_v upon_o the_o deep_a of_o your_o own_o cogitation_n and_o experience_n those_o thing_n that_o lie_v in_o confusion_n must_v be_v set_v asunder_o distinguish_v and_o every_o one_o stamp_v with_o its_o own_o name_n set_v in_o order_n that_o be_v to_o say_v your_o method_n must_v resemble_v that_o of_o the_o creation_n the_o order_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v light_n distinction_n of_o day_n and_o night_n the_o firmament_n the_o luminary_n sensible_a creature_n man_n and_o after_o the_o creation_n the_o commandment_n therefore_o the_o order_n of_o contemplation_n will_v be_v reason_n definition_n space_n the_o star_n sensible_a quality_n man_n and_o after_o man_n be_v grow_v up_o subjection_n to_o command_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o section_n which_o be_v entitle_v logic_n i_o set_v up_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o second_o which_o have_v for_o title_n the_o ground_n of_o philosophy_n i_o distinguish_v the_o most_o common_a notion_n by_o accurate_a definition_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o confusion_n and_o obscurity_n the_o three_o part_n concern_v the_o expansion_n of_o space_n that_o be_v geometry_n the_o four_o contain_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n together_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sensible_a quality_n in_o the_o second_o section_n if_o it_o please_v god_n shall_v be_v handle_v man._n in_o the_o three_o section_n the_o doctrine_n of_o subjection_n be_v handle_v already_o this_o be_v the_o method_n i_o follow_v and_o if_o it_o like_v you_o you_o may_v use_v the_o same_o for_o i_o do_v but_o propound_v not_o commend_v to_o you_o any_o thing_n of_o i_o but_o whatsoever_o shall_v be_v the_o method_n you_o will_v like_v i_o will_v very_o fain_o commend_v philosophy_n to_o you_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n for_o want_v of_o which_o we_o have_v all_o suffer_v much_o damage_n late_o for_o even_o they_o that_o study_v wealth_n do_v it_o out_o of_o love_n to_o wisdom_n for_o their_o treasure_n serve_v they_o but_o for_o a_o looking-glass_n wherein_o to_o behold_v and_o contemplate_v their_o own_o wisdom_n nor_o do_v they_o that_o love_v to_o be_v employ_v in_o public_a business_n aim_v at_o any_o thing_n but_o place_n wherein_o to_o show_v their_o wisdom_n neither_o do_v voluptuous_a man_n neglect_v philosophy_n but_o only_o because_o they_o know_v not_o how_o great_a a_o pleasure_n it_o be_v to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o be_v ravish_v in_o the_o vigorous_a and_o perpetual_a embrace_n of_o the_o most_o beauteous_a world_n last_o though_o for_o nothing_o else_o yet_o because_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n be_v no_o less_o impatient_a of_o empty_a time_n than_o nature_n be_v of_o empty_a place_n to_o the_o end_n you_o be_v not_o force_v for_o want_v of_o what_o to_o do_v to_o be_v troublesome_a to_o man_n that_o have_v business_n or_o take_v hurt_v by_o fall_v into_o idle_a company_n but_o have_v somewhat_o of_o your_o own_o wherewith_o to_o fill_v up_o your_o time_n i_o recommend_v unto_o you_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n farewell_n t._n h._n the_o title_n of_o the_o chapter_n the_o first_o part_n or_o logic_n chap._n 1_o of_o philosophy_n chap._n 2_o of_o name_n chap._n 3_o of_o proportion_n chap._n 4_o of_o syllogism_n chap._n 5_o of_o err_v falsity_n and_o caption_n chap._n 6_o of_o method_n the_o second_o part_n or_o the_o first_o ground_n of_o philosophy_n chap._n 7_o of_o place_n and_o time_n chap._n 8_o of_o body_n and_o accident_n chap._n 9_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n chap._n 10_o of_o power_n and_o act._n chap._n 11_o of_o identity_n and_o difference_n chap._n 12_o of_o quantity_n chap._n 13_o of_o analogisme_n or_o the_o same_o proportion_n chap._n 14_o of_o straight_a and_o crock_v angle_n and_o figure_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o motion_n and_o magnitude_n chap._n 15_o of_o the_o nature_n property_n and_o divers_a consideration_n of_o motion_n and_o endeavour_n chap._n 16_o of_o motion_n accelerate_a and_o uniform_a and_o of_o motion_n by_o concourse_n chap._n 17_o of_o figure_n deficient_a chap._n 18_o of_o the_o equation_n of_o straight_a line_n which_o the_o crooked_a line_n of_o parabolas_fw-la and_o other_o figure_n make_v in_o imitation_n of_o parabolas_fw-la chap._n 19_o of_o angle_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n equal_a by_o supposition_n chap._n 20_o of_o the_o dimension_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o the_o division_n of_o arch_n or_o angle_n chap._n 21_o of_o circular_a motion_n chap._n 22_o of_o other_o variety_n of_o motion_n chap._n 23_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o equiponderation_n of_o body_n press_v downward_o in_o straight_o parallel_a line_n chap._n 24_o of_o refraction_n and_o reflection_n the_o four_o part_n of_o physic_n or_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n chap._n 25_o of_o sense_n and_o animal_n motion_n chap._n 26_o of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o star_n chap._n 27_o of_o light_n heatt_z and_o of_o colour_n chap._n 28_o of_o cold_a wind_n hard_a ice_n restitution_n of_o body_n bend_v diaphanous_a lightning_n and_o thunder_n and_o of_o the_o head_n of_o river_n chap._n 29_o of_o sound_n odour_n savour_n and_o touch._n chap._n 30_o of_o gravity_n computation_n or_o logic_n chap._n i._o of_o philosophy_n 1_o the_o introduction_n 2_o the_o definition_n of_o philosophy_n explain_v 3_o ratiocination_n of_o the_o mind_n 4_o property_n what_o they_o be_v 5_o how_o property_n be_v know_v by_o generation_n &_o contrary_o 6_o the_o scope_n of_o philosophy_n 7_o the_o utility_n of_o it_o 8_o the_o subject_a 9_o the_o part_n of_o it_o 10_o the_o epilogue_n philosophy_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v among_o man_n now_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o corn_n and_o wine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n in_o ancient_a time_n for_o from_o the_o begin_n there_o be_v vine_n and_o ear_n of_o corn_n grow_v here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o field_n but_o no_o care_n be_v take_v for_o the_o
the_o four_o place_n which_o two_o consideration_n comprehend_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v physic_n and_o in_o these_o four_o part_n be_v contain_v whatsoever_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n may_v be_v explicate_v by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o if_o a_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v render_v of_o natural_a appearance_n in_o special_a as_o what_o be_v the_o motion_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n and_o of_o their_o part_n the_o reason_n hereof_o must_v either_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o science_n above_o mention_v or_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o will_v be_v give_v but_o all_o leave_v to_o uncertain_a conjecture_n after_o physic_n we_o must_v come_v to_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n namely_o appetite_n aversion_n love_n benevolence_n hope_n fear_v anger_n emulation_n envy_n etc._n etc._n what_o cause_n they_o have_v and_o of_o what_o they_o be_v cause_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v after_o physic_n be_v that_o they_o have_v their_o cause_n in_o sense_n and_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o physical_a contemplation_n also_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v search_v after_o in_o the_o order_n abovesaid_a be_v that_o physic_n can_v be_v understand_v except_o we_o know_v first_o what_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n nor_o such_o motion_n of_o part_n till_o we_o know_v what_o it_o be_v that_o make_v another_o body_n move_v nor_o this_o till_o we_o know_v what_o simple_a motion_n will_v effect_v and_o because_o all_o appearance_n of_o thing_n to_o sense_n be_v determine_v and_o make_v to_o be_v of_o such_o and_o such_o quality_n and_o quantity_n by_o compound_v motion_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o velocity_n and_o a_o certain_a and_o determine_a way_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o be_v to_o search_v out_o the_o way_n of_o motion_n simple_o in_o which_o geometry_n consist_v next_o the_o way_n of_o such_o generate_v motion_n as_o be_v manifest_a and_o last_o the_o way_n of_o internal_a and_o invisible_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o enquiry_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n and_o therefore_o they_o that_o study_v natural_a philosophy_n study_v in_o vain_a except_o they_o begin_v at_o geometry_n and_o such_o writer_n or_o disputer_n thereof_o as_o be_v ignorant_a of_o geometry_n do_v but_o make_v their_o reader_n and_o hearer_n lose_v their_o time_n 7_o civil_a and_o moral_a philosophy_n do_v not_o so_o adhere_v to_o one_o another_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sever_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v know_v not_o only_o by_o ratiocination_n but_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o every_o man_n that_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v those_o motion_n within_o himself_o and_o therefore_o not_o only_o they_o that_o have_v attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n and_o from_o the_o very_a first_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n may_v by_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n come_v to_o the_o cause_n and_o necessity_n of_o constitute_a commonwealth_n and_o to_o get_v the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v natural_a right_n and_o what_o be_v civil_a duty_n and_o in_o every_o kind_n of_o government_n what_o be_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o all_o other_o knowledge_n appertain_v to_o civil_a philosophy_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o politic_n consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o motion_n from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n but_o even_o they_o also_o that_o have_v not_o learn_v the_o first_o part_n of_o philosophy_n namely_o geometry_n and_o physic_n may_v notwithstanding_o attain_v the_o principle_n of_o civil_a philosophy_n by_o the_o analyticall_a method_n for_o if_o a_o question_n be_v propound_v as_o whether_o such_o a_o action_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a if_o that_o unjust_a be_v resolve_v into_o fact_n against_o law_n and_o that_o notion_n of_o law_n into_o the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v coercive_a power_n and_o that_o power_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o man_n that_o constitute_v such_o power_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n they_o may_v at_o last_o come_v to_o this_o that_o the_o appetite_n of_o man_n and_o the_o passion_n of_o their_o mind_n be_v such_o that_o unless_o they_o be_v restrain_v by_o some_o power_n they_o will_v always_o be_v make_v war_n upon_o one_o another_o which_o may_v be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o by_o any_o man_n experience_n that_o will_v but_o examine_v his_o own_o mind_n and_o therefore_o from_o hence_o he_o may_v proceed_v by_o compound_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o justice_n or_o injustice_n of_o any_o propound_a action_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o method_n of_o philosophy_n to_o such_o as_o seek_v science_n simple_o without_o propound_v to_o themselves_o the_o solution_n of_o any_o particular_a question_n be_v partly_o analyticall_a and_o partly_o syntheticall_a namely_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o sense_n to_o the_o invention_n of_o principle_n analyticall_a and_o the_o rest_n syntheticall_a 8_o to_o those_o that_o seek_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o certain_a and_o pro_fw-la pound_a appearance_n or_o effect_n it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o thing_n who_o cause_n be_v seek_v after_o be_v matter_n or_o body_n or_o some_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n for_o though_o in_o geometry_n when_o the_o cause_n be_v seek_v of_o magnitude_n or_o proportion_n or_o figure_n it_o be_v certain_o know_v that_o these_o thing_n namely_o magnitude_n proportion_n and_o figure_n be_v accident_n yet_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o all_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o phantasm_n of_o sensible_a thing_n it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o discern_v between_o the_o thing_n themselves_o from_o which_o those_o phantasm_n proceed_v and_o the_o appearance_n of_o those_o thing_n to_o the_o sense_n which_o have_v deceive_v many_o especial_o when_o the_o phantasm_n have_v be_v make_v by_o light_n for_o example_n a_o man_n that_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o certain_a shine_a idea_n of_o â—â—e_z magnitude_n of_o about_o a_o foâ—t_n over_o and_o this_o he_o call_v the_o sun_n thougâ—…e_o know_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v true_o a_o great_a deal_n big_a and_o in_o like_a 〈…〉_z the_o phantasm_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n appear_v sometime_o â—â—und_v by_o be_v 〈…〉_z a_o â—arre_o off_o and_o sometime_o square_a by_o be_v near_o whereupon_o â—t_a may_v well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o that_o phantasm_n be_v maâ—…_n or_o some_o body_n natural_a or_o only_o some_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o which_o doubt_n we_o may_v use_v this_o method_n the_o property_n of_o matter_n and_o accident_n already_o find_v out_o by_o we_o by_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n from_o their_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v before_o we_o and_o if_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o property_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n than_o it_o be_v a_o body_n otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n see_v therefore_o matter_n can_v by_o any_o endeavour_n of_o we_o be_v either_o make_v or_o destroy_v or_o increase_v or_o diminish_v or_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n whereas_o that_o idea_n appear_v vanish_v be_v increase_v and_o diminish_v and_o move_v hither_o and_o thither_o at_o pleasure_n we_o may_v certain_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o body_n but_o a_o accident_n only_o and_o this_o method_n be_v syntheticall_a 9_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o doubt_n make_v concern_v the_o subject_a of_o any_o know_a accident_n for_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v sometime_o as_o in_o the_o praecedent_a example_n doubt_n may_v be_v make_v in_o what_o subject_a that_o splendour_n and_o apparent_a magnitude_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v than_o our_o enquiry_n must_v proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n first_o matter_n in_o general_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n as_o into_o object_n medium_fw-la and_o the_o sentient_n itself_o or_o such_o other_o part_n as_o seem_v most_o conformable_a to_o the_o thing_n propound_v next_o these_o part_n be_v several_o to_o be_v examine_v how_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o that_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v reject_v for_o example_n if_o by_o any_o true_a ratiocination_n the_o sun_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a than_o its_o apparent_a magnitude_n than_o that_o magnitude_n be_v not_o in_o the_o sun_n if_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o one_o determine_v straight_o line_n and_o one_o determine_v
which_o they_o work_v be_v continual_o alter_v and_o change_v for_o example_n as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o so_o also_o the_o effect_n thereof_o namely_o the_o heat_n of_o such_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o it_o &_o again_o of_o such_o other_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o they_o increase_v more_o &_o more_o according_o which_o be_v already_o no_o little_a argument_n that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n only_o the_o truth_n whereof_o shall_v be_v further_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o nine_o article_n but_o in_o this_o progress_n of_o causation_n that_o be_v of_o action_n and_o passion_n if_o any_o man_n comprehend_v in_o his_o imagination_n a_o part_n thereof_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o into_o part_n the_o first_o part_n or_o beginning_n of_o it_o can_v be_v consider_v otherwise_o then_o as_o action_n or_o cause_n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v consider_v as_o effect_v or_o passion_n than_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v something_o before_o it_o for_o its_o cause_n or_o action_n which_o can_v be_v for_o nothing_o can_v be_v before_o the_o beginning_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o last_o part_n be_v consider_v only_o as_o effect_v for_o it_o can_v be_v call_v cause_n if_o nothing_o follow_v it_o but_o after_o the_o last_o nothing_o follow_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o action_n the_o beginning_n and_o cause_n be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o intermediate_v part_n be_v both_o action_n and_o passion_n and_o cause_n and_o effect_v according_a as_o they_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o antecedent_n or_o subsequent_a part_n 7_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n except_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v for_o let_v there_o be_v any_o two_o body_n which_o be_v not_o contiguous_a and_o betwixt_o which_o the_o intermediate_v space_n be_v empty_a or_o if_o fill_v fill_v with_o another_o body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o let_v one_o of_o the_o propound_a body_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n i_o say_v it_o shall_v always_o be_v at_o rest._n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o 8_o chapter_n 19_o article_n will_v be_v in_o some_o external_a body_n and_o therefore_o if_o between_o it_o and_o that_o external_a body_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o empty_a space_n than_o whatsoever_o the_o disposition_n be_v of_o that_o external_a body_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n itself_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v now_o at_o rest_n we_o may_v conceive_v it_o will_v continue_v so_o till_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n but_o see_v cause_n by_o the_o definition_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o such_o accident_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v conceive_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v those_o accident_n which_o be_v either_o in_o external_a body_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n itself_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o future_a motion_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n see_v we_o may_v conceive_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v at_o rest_n will_v still_o be_v at_o rest_n though_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n except_o that_o other_o body_n be_v move_v therefore_o in_o a_o contiguous_a body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n in_o any_o body_n except_o it_o be_v contiguous_a and_o move_v the_o same_o reason_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v on_o in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n and_o consequent_o that_o no_o body_n either_o when_o they_o be_v at_o rest_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o interposition_n of_o vacuum_n can_v generate_v or_o extinguish_v or_o lesson_n motion_n in_o other_o body_n there_o be_v one_o that_o have_v write_v that_o thing_n move_v be_v more_o resist_v by_o thing_n at_o rest_n then_o by_o thing_n contrary_o move_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o conceive_v motion_n not_o to_o be_v so_o contrary_a to_o motion_n as_o rest._n that_o which_o deceive_v he_o be_v that_o the_o word_n rest_v and_o motion_n be_v but_o contradictory_n name_n whereas_o motion_n indeed_o be_v not_o resist_v by_o rest_n but_o by_o contrary_a motion_n 8_o but_o if_o a_o body_n work_v upon_o another_o body_n at_o one_o time_n and_o afterward_o the_o same_o body_n work_v upon_o the_o same_o body_n at_o another_o time_n so_o that_o both_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o all_o their_o part_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v and_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n except_o only_o in_o time_n that_o be_v that_o one_o action_n be_v former_a the_o other_o late_a in_o time_n it_o be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v equal_a and_o like_a as_o not_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n beside_o time_n and_o as_o effect_n themselves_o proceed_v from_o their_o cause_n so_o the_o diversity_n of_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o cause_n also_o 9_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o mutation_n can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v change_v for_o first_o we_o do_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v change_v but_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n otherwise_o than_o it_o appear_v former_o second_o both_o those_o appearance_n be_v effect_n produce_v in_o the_o sentient_a &_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v different_a it_o be_v necessary_a by_o the_o precede_a article_n that_o either_o some_o part_n of_o the_o agent_n which_o be_v former_o at_o rest_n be_v now_o move_v and_o so_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o motion_n or_o some_o part_n which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o otherwise_o move_v and_o so_o also_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o new_a motion_n or_o which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o at_o rest_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v above_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v without_o motion_n and_o so_o again_o mutation_n be_v motion_n or_o last_o it_o happen_v in_o some_o of_o these_o manner_n to_o the_o patient_n or_o some_o of_o its_o part_n so_o that_o mutation_n howsoever_o it_o be_v make_v will_v consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v or_o of_o the_o sentient_a body_n or_o of_o both_o mutation_n therefore_o be_v motion_n namely_o of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o rest_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n proceed_v from_o it_o see_v neither_o motion_n nor_o mutation_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o it_o 10_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o accident_n which_o precede_v they_o or_o be_v before_o they_o in_o time_n &_o upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o upon_o their_o cause_n be_v call_v contingent_a accident_n i_o say_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o they_o be_v not_o generate_v for_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o cause_n all_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v with_o equal_a necessity_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o which_o of_o thing_n generate_v be_v not_o intelligible_a chap._n x._o of_o power_n and_o act._n 1_o power_n and_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2_o a_o act_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a 3_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a power_n 4_o a_o act_n when_o say_v to_o be_v possible_a 5_o a_o act_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a what_o 6_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n 7_o cause_v formal_n and_o final_a what_o they_o be_v 1correspondent_a to_o cause_n and_o effect_n be_v power_n and_o act_n nay_o those_o and_o these_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n though_o for_o divers_a consideration_n they_o have_v divers_a name_n forwhensoever_o any_o agent_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o patient_n than_o we_o say_v that_o agent_n have_v power_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n but_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n those_o accident_n constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o accident_n which_o constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n constitute_v also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o they_o be_v consider_v with_o this_o difference_n that_o cause_o be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n already_o
of_o inclination_n a_o b_o c_o be_v a_o angle_n of_o 45_o degree_n let_v c_o b_o be_v produce_v to_o the_o circumference_n in_o d_o &_o let_v c_o e_o the_o sine_z of_o the_o angle_n â—_o b_o c_o be_v draw_v to_o which_o let_v b_o f_o be_v take_v equal_a in_o the_o separate_a line_n b_o g._n b_o c_o e_o f_o will_n therefore_o be_v a_o parallelogram_n &_o f_o e_o &_o b_o c_o that_o be_v f_o e_o and_o b_o g_o equal_a let_v agnostus_n be_v draw_v namely_o the_o diagonal_a of_o the_o square_n who_o side_n be_v b_o g_z and_o it_o will_v be_v as_o a_o g_z to_z e_z f_o so_o b_o g_z to_z b_o f_o &_o so_o by_o supposition_n the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o c_z be_v to_o the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o d_o be_v and_o so_o also_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n refract_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n draw_v therefore_o f_o d_o &_o from_o d_o the_o line_n d_o h_n perpendicular_a to_o a_o b_o produce_v dh_n will_v be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n and_o see_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n refract_v be_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n as_o the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o be_v c_o be_v to_o the_o density_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la in_o which_o be_v d_o that_o be_v by_o supposition_n as_o a_o g_z be_v to_z f_o e_o that_o be_v as_o d_o h_z be_v to_z b_o g_z and_o seeing_z d_o h_n be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o inclination_n b_o g_o will_n therefore_o be_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n refract_v wherefore_o b_o g_z will_v be_v the_o refracted_a line_n and_o lie_v in_o the_o plain_a separate_a superficies_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v coral_n it_o be_v therefore_o manifest_a that_o when_o the_o inclination_n be_v great_a than_o 45_o degree_n as_o also_o when_o it_o be_v less_o provide_v the_o density_n be_v great_a it_o may_v happen_v that_o the_o refraction_n will_v not_o enter_v the_o thin_a medium_fw-la at_o all_o 8_o if_o a_o body_n fall_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n upon_o another_o body_n and_o do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o but_o be_v reflect_v from_o it_o the_o angle_n of_o reflection_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n let_v there_o be_v a_o body_n at_o a_o in_o the_o 5_o figure_n which_o fall_v with_o straight_a motion_n in_o the_o line_n a_o c_o upon_o another_o body_n at_o c_o pass_v no_o further_o but_o be_v reflect_v and_o let_v the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v any_o angle_n as_o a_o c_o d._n let_v the_o straight_a line_n c_o e_o be_v draw_v making_z with_o d_o c_o produce_v the_o angle_n e_o c_o f_o equal_a to_o the_o angle_n a_o c_o d_o and_o let_v a_o d_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o straight_a line_n d_o f._n also_o in_o the_o same_o straight_a line_n d_o f_o let_v c_o g_o be_v take_v equal_a to_o c_o d_o and_o let_v the_o perpendicular_a g_o e_z be_v raise_v cut_v c_o e_z in_o e._n this_o be_v do_v the_o triangle_n a_o c_o d_o and_o e_o c_o g_o will_n be_v equal_a and_o like_a let_v c_o h_n be_v draw_v equal_a and_o parallel_v to_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d_o and_o let_v h_o c_o be_v produce_v indefinite_o to_o i._o last_o let_v e_o a_o be_v draw_v which_o will_v pass_v through_o h_n and_o be_v parallel_n and_o equal_a to_o g_o d._n i_o say_v the_o motion_n from_o a_o to_o c_o in_o the_o straight_a line_n of_o incidence_n ac_fw-la will_v be_v reflect_v in_o the_o straight_a line_n c_o e._n for_o the_o motion_n from_o a_o to_o c_o be_v make_v by_o two_o coefficient_a or_o concurrent_a motion_n the_o one_o in_o a_o h_n parallel_n to_o d_o g_o the_o other_z in_o a_o d_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o same_o d_o g_z of_o which_o two_o motion_n that_o in_o a_o h_n work_v nothing_o upon_o the_o body_n a_o after_o it_o have_v be_v move_v as_o far_o as_o c_o because_o by_o supposition_n it_o do_v not_o pass_v the_o straight_a line_n d_o g_z whereas_o the_o endeavour_n in_o a_o d_o that_o be_v in_o h_n c_o work_v further_a towards_o i._o but_o see_v it_o do_v only_o press_v and_o not_o penetrate_v there_o will_v be_v reaction_n in_o h_n which_o cause_v motion_n from_o c_o towards_o h_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o motion_n in_o h_n e_z remain_v the_o same_o it_o be_v in_o a_o h_n and_o therefore_o the_o body_n will_v now_o be_v move_v by_o the_o concourse_n of_o two_o motion_n in_o c_o h_n and_o h_n e_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o two_o motion_n it_o have_v former_o in_o a_o h_n and_o h_o c._n wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v carry_v on_o in_o c_o e._n the_o angle_n therefore_o of_o reflection_n will_v be_v e_o c_o g_o equal_a by_o construction_n to_o the_o angle_n a_o c_o d_o which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v now_o when_o the_o body_n be_v consider_v but_o as_o a_o point_n it_o be_v all_o one_o whether_o the_o superficies_n or_o line_n in_o which_o the_o reflection_n be_v make_v be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a for_o the_o point_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n c_o be_v as_o well_o in_o the_o crooked_a line_n which_o touch_v d_o g_z in_o c_z as_o in_o d_o g_z itself_o 9_o but_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o not_o a_o body_n be_v move_v but_o some_o endeavour_n only_o be_v propagate_v from_o a_o to_o c_o the_o demonstration_n will_v nevertheless_o be_v the_o same_o for_o all_o endeavour_n be_v motion_n and_o when_o it_o have_v reach_v the_o solid_a body_n in_o c_o it_o press_v it_o and_o endeavour_v further_a in_o c_o i._n wherefore_o the_o reaction_n will_v proceed_v in_o c_o h_o and_o the_o endeavour_n in_o c_o h_n concur_v with_o the_o endeavour_n in_o h_n e_o will_v generate_v the_o endeavour_n in_o c_o e_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o repercussion_n of_o body_n move_v if_o therefore_o endeavour_v be_v propagate_v from_o any_o point_n to_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o a_o spherical_a body_n the_o reflect_v line_n with_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o same_o sphere_n will_v make_v a_o angle_n equal_a to_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n for_o if_o endeavour_v be_v propagate_v from_o a_o in_o the_o 6_o fig._n to_o the_o circumference_n in_o b_o and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v c_o and_o the_o line_n c_o b_o be_v draw_v as_o also_o the_o tangent_fw-la d_o b_o e_o and_o last_o if_o the_o angle_n f_o b_o d_o be_v make_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o e_o the_o reflection_n will_v be_v make_v in_o the_o line_n b_o f_o as_o have_v be_v new_o show_v wherefore_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o b_o and_o f_o b_o make_n with_o the_o circumference_n will_v also_o be_v equal_a but_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o c_o b_o be_v produce_v howsoever_o to_o g_z the_o endeavour_n in_o the_o line_n g_o b_o c_o will_n proceed_v only_o from_o the_o perpendicular_a reaction_n in_o g_z b_o and_o that_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v no_o other_o endeavour_n in_o the_o point_n b_o towards_o the_o part_n which_o be_v within_o the_o sphere_n beside_o that_o which_o tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o here_o i_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o discourse_n in_o which_o i_o have_v consider_v motion_n and_o magnitude_n by_o themselves_o in_o the_o abstract_n the_o four_o and_o last_o part_n concern_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o motion_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o world_n real_a and_o existent_a be_v that_o which_o follow_v physiqve_n or_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n chap._n xxv_o of_o sense_n and_o animal_n motion_n 1_o the_o connexion_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v with_o that_o which_o follow_v 2_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o sense_n and_o the_o definition_n of_o sense_n 3_o the_o subject_a and_o object_n of_o sense_n 4_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n 5_o all_o body_n be_v not_o endue_v with_o sense_n 6_o but_o one_o phantasm_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n 7_o imagination_n the_o remain_v of_o past_a sense_n which_o also_o be_v memory_n of_o sleep_n 8_o how_o phantasm_n succeed_v one_o another_o 9_o dream_n whence_o they_o proceed_v 10_o of_o the_o sense_n their_o kind_n their_o organ_n and_o phantasm_n proper_a and_o common_a 11_o the_o magnitude_n of_o image_n how_o and_o by_o what_o it_o be_v determine_v 12_o pleasure_n pain_n appetite_n and_o aversion_n what_o they_o be_v 13_o deliberation_n and_o will_n what_o 1_o i_o have_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n define_v philosophy_n to_o be_v knowledge_n of_o effect_n acquire_v
by_o true_a ratiocination_n from_o knowledge_n first_o have_v of_o their_o cause_n and_o generation_n and_o of_o such_o cause_n or_o generation_n as_o may_v be_v from_o former_a knowledge_n of_o their_o effect_n or_o appearance_n there_o be_v therefore_o two_o method_n of_o philosophy_n one_o from_o the_o generation_n of_o thing_n to_o their_o possible_a effect_n and_o the_o other_o from_o their_o effect_n or_o appearance_n to_o some_o possible_a generation_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o our_o ratiocination_n namely_o definition_n be_v make_v and_o constitute_v by_o ourselves_o while_o we_o consent_v and_o agree_v about_o the_o appellation_n of_o thing_n and_o this_o part_n i_o have_v finish_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n in_o which_o if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v i_o have_v affirm_v nothing_o save_v the_o definition_n themselves_o which_o have_v not_o good_a coherence_n with_o the_o definition_n i_o have_v give_v that_o be_v to_o say_v which_o be_v not_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o all_o those_o that_o agree_v with_o i_o in_o the_o use_n of_o word_n and_o appellation_n for_o who_o sake_n only_o i_o have_v write_v the_o same_o i_o now_o enter_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v the_o find_v out_o by_o the_o appearance_n or_o effect_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o know_v by_o sense_n some_o way_n and_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v i_o do_v not_o say_v they_o be_v generate_v the_o principle_n therefore_o upon_o which_o the_o follow_a discourse_n depend_v be_v not_o such_o as_o we_o ourselves_o make_v and_o pronounce_v in_o general_a term_n as_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v place_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v by_o we_o observe_v in_o they_o and_o we_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o single_a and_o particular_a not_o universal_a proposition_n nor_o do_v they_o impose_v upon_o we_o any_o necessity_n of_o constitute_a theorem_n their_o use_n be_v only_o though_o not_o without_o such_o general_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v to_o show_v we_o the_o possibility_n of_o some_o production_n or_o generation_n see_v therefore_o the_o science_n which_o be_v here_o teach_v have_v its_o principle_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o nature_n and_o end_v in_o the_o attain_v of_o some_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a cause_n i_o have_v give_v to_o this_o part_n the_o title_n of_o physic_n or_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n now_o such_o thing_n as_o appear_v or_o be_v show_v to_o we_o by_o nature_n we_o call_v phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n of_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n which_o be_v near_o we_o the_o most_o admirable_a be_v apparition_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d namely_o that_o some_o natural_a body_n have_v in_o themselves_o the_o pattern_n almost_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o other_o of_o none_o at_o all_o so_o that_o if_o the_o appearance_n be_v the_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v all_o other_o thing_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v sense_n to_o be_v the_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v those_o principle_n &_o that_o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o sense_n we_o can_v begin_v our_o search_n of_o they_o from_o any_o other_o phaenomenon_n then_o that_o of_o sense_n itself_o but_o you_o will_v say_v by_o what_o sense_n shall_v we_o take_v notice_n of_o sense_n i_o answer_v by_o sense_n itself_o namely_o by_o the_o memory_n which_o for_o some_o time_n remain_v in_o we_o of_o thing_n sensible_a though_o they_o themselves_o pass_v away_o for_o he_o that_o perceive_v that_o he_o have_v perceive_v remember_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o perception_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o idea_n and_o phantasm_n which_o be_v perpetual_o generate_v within_o we_o while_o we_o make_v use_v of_o our_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n their_o generation_n proceed_v to_o help_v which_o inquisition_n we_o may_v observe_v first_o of_o all_o that_o our_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o that_o new_a one_o appear_v to_o we_o and_o old_a one_o vanish_v according_a as_o we_o apply_v our_o organ_n of_o sense_n now_o to_o one_o object_n now_o to_o another_o wherefore_o they_o be_v generate_v and_o perish_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v some_o change_n or_o mutation_n in_o the_o sentient_a 2_o now_o that_o all_o mutation_n or_o alteration_n be_v motion_n or_o endeavour_v and_o endeavour_v also_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v alter_v have_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o 9th_o article_n of_o the_o 8_o chapter_n from_o this_o that_o while_o even_o the_o least_o part_n of_o any_o body_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o any_o alteration_n unless_o perhaps_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n together_o have_v be_v move_v have_v happen_v to_o it_o but_o that_o it_o both_o appear_v and_o be_v the_o same_o it_o appear_v &_o be_v before_o sense_n therefore_o in_o the_o sentient_a can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n in_o some_o of_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o sentient_a and_o the_o part_n so_o move_v be_v part_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n for_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v any_o thing_n be_v those_o we_o common_o call_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o so_o we_o find_v what_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o our_o sense_n namely_o that_o in_o which_o be_v the_o phantasm_n and_o partly_o also_o we_o have_v discover_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v some_o internal_a motion_n in_o the_o sentient_a i_o have_v show_v beside_o in_o the_o 8_o chap._n at_o the_o seven_o article_n that_o no_o motion_n be_v generate_v but_o by_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o sense_n or_o perception_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o sense_n be_v touch_v and_o press_v for_o when_o the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v press_v it_o no_o soon_o yield_v but_o the_o part_n next_o within_o it_o be_v press_v also_o and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o pressure_n or_o motion_n be_v propagate_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n to_o the_o innermost_a and_o thus_o also_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o uttermost_a part_n proceed_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o some_o more_o remote_a body_n and_o so_o continual_o till_o we_o come_v to_o that_o from_o which_o as_o from_o its_o fountain_n we_o derive_v the_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n that_o be_v make_v in_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o this_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v be_v that_o we_o common_o call_v the_o object_n sense_n therefore_o be_v some_o internal_a motion_n in_o the_o sentient_a generate_v by_o some_o internal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n and_o propagate_v through_o all_o the_o media_n to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o word_n i_o have_v almost_o define_v what_o sense_n be_v moreover_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 2d_o article_n of_o the_o 15_o chapter_n that_o all_o resistance_n be_v endeavour_v opposite_a to_o another_o endeavour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v reaction_n see_v therefore_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a organ_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o own_o internal_a natural_a motion_n some_o resistance_n or_o reaction_n against_o the_o motion_n which_o be_v propagate_v from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o organ_n a_o endeavour_n opposite_a to_o the_o endeavour_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o object_n so_o that_o when_o that_o endeavour_n inward_o be_v the_o last_o action_n in_o the_o act_n of_o sense_n then_o from_o the_o reaction_n how_o little_a soever_o the_o duration_n of_o it_o be_v a_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n have_v its_o be_v which_o by_o reason_n the_o endeavour_n be_v now_o outward_o do_v always_o appear_v as_o something_o situate_a without_o the_o organ_n so_o that_o now_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o whole_a definition_n of_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o the_o order_n of_o its_o generation_n thus_o sense_n be_v a_o phantasm_n make_v by_o the_o reaction_n and_o endeavour_n outward_o in_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n cause_v by_o a_o endeavour_n inward_o from_o the_o object_n remain_v for_o some_o time_n more_o or_o less_o 3_o the_o subject_a of_o sense_n be_v the_o sentient_n itself_o namely_o some_o live_a creature_n and_o we_o speak_v more_o correct_o when_o we_o say_v a_o live_a creature_n see_v then_o when_o we_o say_v the_o eye_n see_v the_o object_n be_v
look_v back_o to_o the_o end_n that_o be_v from_o consultation_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o see_v in_o sleep_n we_o lose_v all_o thought_n of_o the_o end_n our_o phantasm_n succeed_v one_o another_o not_o in_o that_o order_n which_o tend_v to_o any_o end_n but_o as_o it_o happen_v and_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o object_n present_v themselves_o to_o our_o eye_n when_o we_o look_v indifferent_o upon_o all_o thing_n before_o we_o and_o see_v they_o not_o because_o we_o will_v see_v they_o but_o because_o we_o do_v not_o shut_v our_o eye_n for_o than_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o without_o any_o order_n at_o all_o the_o second_o proceed_v from_o this_o that_o in_o the_o silence_n of_o sense_n there_o be_v no_o new_a motion_n from_o the_o object_n and_o therefore_o no_o new_a phantasm_n unless_o we_o call_v that_o new_a which_o be_v compound_v of_o old_a one_o as_o a_o chimaera_n a_o golden_a mountain_n and_o the_o like_a as_o for_o the_o three_o why_o a_o dream_n be_v sometime_o as_o it_o be_v the_o continuation_n of_o sense_n make_v up_o of_o break_a phantasm_n as_o in_o man_n distemper_v with_o sickness_n the_o reason_n be_v manifest_o this_o that_o in_o some_o of_o the_o organ_n sense_n remain_v and_o in_o other_o it_o fail_v but_o how_o some_o phantasm_n may_v be_v revive_v when_o all_o the_o exterior_a organ_n be_v benumb_v with_o sleep_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o show_v nevertheless_o that_o which_o have_v already_o be_v say_v contain_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o also_o for_o whatsoever_o strike_v the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la revive_v some_o of_o those_o phantasm_n that_o be_v still_o in_o motion_n in_o the_o brain_n and_o when_o any_o internal_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n reach_v that_o membrane_n than_o the_o predominant_a motion_n in_o the_o brain_n make_v the_o phantasm_n now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v appetite_n and_o aversion_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v present_o speak_v further_o and_o as_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n be_v generate_v by_o phantasm_n so_o reciprocal_o phantasm_n be_v generate_v by_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n for_o example_n heat_v in_o the_o heart_n proceed_v from_o anger_n and_o fight_v and_o again_o from_o heat_n in_o the_o heart_n whatsoever_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v generate_v anger_n and_o the_o image_n of_o a_o enemy_n in_o sleep_n and_o as_o love_n and_o beauty_n stir_v up_o heat_n in_o certain_a organ_n so_o heat_v in_o the_o same_o organ_n from_o whatsoever_o it_o proceed_v often_o cause_v desire_n and_o the_o image_n of_o a_o unresisted_a beauty_n last_o cold_a do_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n generate_v fear_n in_o those_o that_o sleep_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o dream_v of_o ghost_n and_o to_o have_v phantasm_n of_o horror_n and_o danger_n as_o fear_v also_o cause_v cold_a in_o those_o that_o wake_v so_o reciprocal_a be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o brain_n the_o four_o namely_o that_o the_o thing_n we_o seem_v to_o see_v and_o feel_v in_o sleep_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o in_o sense_n itself_o proceed_v from_o two_o cause_n one_o that_o have_v then_o no_o sense_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o that_o internal_a motion_n which_o make_v the_o phantasm_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o all_o other_o impression_n be_v predominant_a and_o the_o other_o that_o the_o part_n of_o our_o phantasm_n which_o be_v decay_v and_o wear_v out_o by_o time_n be_v make_v up_o with_o other_o fictitious_a part_n to_o conclude_v when_o we_o dream_v we_o do_v not_o wonder_v at_o strange_a place_n and_o the_o appearance_n of_o thing_n unknown_a to_o we_o because_o admiration_n require_v that_o the_o thing_n appear_v be_v new_a and_o unusual_a which_o can_v happen_v to_o none_o but_o those_o that_o remember_v former_a appearance_n whereas_o in_o sleep_n all_o thing_n appear_v as_o present_v but_o it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o certain_a dream_n especial_o such_o as_o some_o man_n have_v when_o they_o be_v between_o sleep_v and_o wake_v and_o such_o as_o happen_v to_o those_o that_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o dream_n and_o be_v with_o all_o superstitious_a be_v not_o heretofore_o nor_o be_v now_o account_v dream_n for_o the_o apparition_n man_n think_v they_o see_v and_o the_o voice_n they_o think_v they_o hear_v in_o sleep_n be_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v phantasm_n but_o thing_n subsist_v of_o themselves_o and_o object_n without_o those_o that_o dream_v for_o to_o some_o man_n as_o well_o sleep_v as_o wake_v but_o especial_o to_o guilty_a man_n and_o in_o the_o night_n and_o in_o hallow_a place_n fear_v alone_o help_v a_o little_a with_o the_o story_n of_o such_o apparition_n have_v raise_v in_o their_o mind_n terrible_a phantasm_n which_o have_v be_v and_o be_v still_o deceitful_o receive_v for_o thing_n real_o true_a under_o the_o name_n of_o ghost_n and_o incorporeal_a substance_n 10_o in_o most_o live_a creature_n there_o be_v observe_v five_o kind_n of_o sense_n which_o be_v distinguish_v by_o their_o organ_n and_o by_o their_o different_a kind_n of_o phantasm_n namely_o sight_n hear_v smell_v taste_n and_o touch_v and_o these_o have_v their_o organ_n partly_o peculiar_a to_o each_o of_o they_o several_o and_o partly_o common_a to_o they_o all_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n be_v partly_o animate_v and_o partly_o inanimate_a the_o inanimate_a part_n be_v the_o three_o humour_n namely_o the_o watery_a humour_n which_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o membrane_n call_v uâ—ea_n the_o perforation_n whereof_o be_v call_v the_o apple_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v contain_v on_o one_o side_n by_o the_o first_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o ciliary_a process_n and_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o crystalline_a humour_n the_o crystalline_a which_o hang_v in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o ciliary_a process_n and_o be_v almost_o of_o spherical_a figure_n and_o of_o a_o thick_a consistence_n be_v enclose_v on_o all_o side_n with_o its_o own_o transparent_a coat_n and_o the_o vitreous_a or_o glassy_a humour_n which_o fill_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o be_v somewhat_o thick_a than_o the_o watery_a humour_n but_o thin_a than_o the_o crystalline_a the_o animate_v part_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v first_o the_o membrane_n choroeides_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la save_v that_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o coat_n derive_v from_o the_o marrow_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n which_o be_v call_v the_o retina_fw-la and_o this_o choroeides_n see_v it_o be_v part_n of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la be_v continue_v to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la within_o the_o scull_n in_o which_o all_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v within_o the_o head_n have_v their_o root_n wherefore_o all_o the_o animal_n spirit_n that_o the_o nerve_n receive_v enter_v into_o they_o there_o for_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a that_o they_o can_v enter_v into_o they_o any_o where_o else_o see_v therefore_o sense_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o action_n of_o object_n propagate_v to_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n and_o see_v also_o that_o animal_n spirit_n be_v nothing_o but_o vital_a spirit_n purify_v by_o the_o hart_n and_o carry_v from_o it_o by_o the_o artery_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o action_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o heart_n by_o some_o of_o the_o artery_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v in_o the_o head_n whether_o those_o artery_n be_v the_o plexus_fw-la retiformis_fw-la or_o whether_o they_o be_v other_o artery_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o therefore_o those_o artery_n be_v the_o compliment_n or_o the_o remay_v part_n of_o the_o whole_a organ_n of_o sight_n and_o this_o last_o part_n be_v a_o common_a organ_n to_o all_o the_o sense_n whereas_o that_o which_o reach_v from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v proper_a only_a to_o sight_n the_o proper_a organ_n of_o hear_v be_v the_o tympanum_fw-la of_o the_o ear_n and_o its_o own_o nerve_n from_o which_o to_o the_o heart_n the_o organ_n be_v common_a so_o the_o proper_a organ_n of_o smell_n &_o taste_n be_v nervous_a membrane_n in_o the_o palate_n and_o tongue_n for_o the_o taste_n and_o in_o the_o nostril_n for_o the_o smell_n and_o from_o the_o root_n of_o those_o nerve_n to_o the_o heart_n all_o be_v common_a last_o â—he_v proper_a organ_n of_o touch_n be_v nerve_n and_o membrane_n disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n which_o membrane_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o nerve_n and_o all_o thing_n else_o belong_v alike_o to_o all_o the_o sense_n seem_v to_o be_v administer_v by_o the_o artery_n and_o not_o by_o the_o nerve_n the_o proper_a phantasm_n of_o sight_n be_v light_a and_o under_o this_o name_n of_o light_n colour_v also_o which_o be_v
will_v remain_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o why_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v force_v out_o wherefore_o the_o assertion_n of_o vacuum_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o very_a experiment_n which_o be_v here_o bring_v to_o establish_v it_o many_o other_o phaenomena_n be_v usual_o bring_v for_o vacuum_n as_o those_o of_o weather-glass_n aeolipile_n wind-gun_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v all_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v salve_v unless_o water_n be_v penetrable_a by_o air_n without_o the_o intermixture_n of_o empty_a space_n but_o now_o see_v air_n may_v with_o no_o great_a endeavour_n pass_v through_o not_o only_a water_n but_o any_o other_o fluid_a body_n though_o never_o so_o stubborn_a as_o quicksilver_n these_o phaenomena_n prove_v nothing_o nevertheless_o it_o may_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v that_o he_o that_o will_v take_v away_o vacuum_n shall_v without_o vacuum_n show_v we_o such_o cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n as_o shall_v be_v at_o least_o of_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a probability_n this_o therefore_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o these_o phaenomena_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n but_o first_o the_o most_o general_a hypothesis_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v to_o be_v premise_v and_o see_v that_o supposition_n be_v put_v for_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o apparent_a effect_n every_o supposition_n except_o such_o as_o be_v absurd_a must_v of_o necessity_n consist_v of_o some_o suppose_a possible_a motion_n for_o rest_n can_v never_o be_v the_o essicient_a cause_n of_o any_o thing_n &_o motion_n suppose_v body_n movable_a of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n fluid_a consistent_a and_o mix_v of_o both_o fluid_fw-la be_v those_o who_o part_n may_v by_o very_o weak_a endeavonr_n be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o and_o consistent_a those_o for_o the_o separation_n of_o who_o part_n great_a force_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v there_o be_v therefore_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o degree_n by_o comparison_n with_o more_o or_o less_o consistent_a have_v the_o name_n of_o hardness_n or_o softness_n wherefore_o a_o fluid_a body_n be_v always_o divisible_a into_o body_n equal_o fluid_a as_o quantity_n into_o quantity_n and_o soft_a body_n of_o whatsoever_o degree_n of_o softness_n into_o soft_a body_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o though_o many_o man_n seem_v to_o conceive_v no_o other_o difference_n of_o fluidity_n but_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o different_a magnitude_n of_o the_o part_n in_o which_o sense_n dust_n though_o of_o diamond_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_a yet_o i_o understand_v by_o fluidity_n that_o which_o be_v make_v such_o by_o nature_n equal_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n not_o as_o dust_n be_v fluid_a for_o so_o a_o house_n which_o be_v fall_v in_o piece_n may_v be_v call_v fluid_fw-la but_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o water_n seem_v fluid_a and_o to_o divide_v itself_o into_o part_n perpetual_o fluid_a and_o this_o be_v well_o understand_v i_o come_v to_o my_o supposition_n 5_o first_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o we_o call_v the_o world_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o body_n which_o be_v either_o consistent_a &_o visible_a as_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n or_o invisible_a as_o the_o small_a atom_n which_o be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o whole_a space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o star_n and_o last_o that_o most_o fluid_a aether_n which_o so_o fill_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o universe_n as_o that_o it_o leave_v in_o it_o no_o empty_a place_n at_o all_o second_o i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o great_a body_n of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v both_o consistent_a and_o permanent_a have_v such_o order_n among_o themselves_o as_o that_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o first_o place_n mercury_n the_o second_o venus_n the_o three_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o moon_n go_v about_o it_o the_o four_o mars_n the_o five_o jupiter_n with_o his_o attendant_n the_o six_o saturn_n the_o seven_o and_o after_o these_o the_o fix_a star_n have_v their_o several_a distance_n from_o the_o sun_n three_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n &_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n there_o be_v and_o always_o have_v be_v a_o simple_a circular_a motion_n four_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n there_o be_v certain_a other_o body_n intermingle_v which_o be_v not_o fluid_a but_o withal_o that_o they_o be_v so_o small_a that_o they_o be_v not_o preceptible_a by_o sense_n and_o that_o these_o also_o have_v their_o proper_a simple_a motion_n and_o be_v some_o of_o they_o more_o some_o less_o hard_a or_o consistent_a five_o i_o suppose_v with_o kepler_n that_o as_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o the_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o body_n which_o be_v in_o they_o i_o will_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o shall_v seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o question_n 6_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o different_a season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o of_o the_o several_a variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v demonstrate_v first_o by_o copernicus_n and_o since_o by_o kepler_n galilaeus_fw-la and_o other_o from_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a revolution_n about_o its_o own_o axis_n together_o with_o its_o annual_a motion_n about_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n and_o three_o by_o the_o annual_a revolution_n of_o the_o same_o earth_n about_o its_o own_o centre_n contrary_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n i_o suppose_v with_o copernicus_n that_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n be_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o which_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n be_v describe_v about_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o two_o annual_a motion_n they_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v always_o keep_v parallel_n to_o itself_o which_o parallelisme_n be_v for_o this_o reason_n introduce_v lest_o by_o the_o earth_n annual_a revolution_n its_o pole_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v necessary_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n contrary_a to_o experience_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 10_o artic._n of_o the_o â—â—th_v chap._n demonstrate_v from_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o carry_v about_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o its_o axis_n be_v thereby_o keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o wherefore_o from_o these_o two_o suppose_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n the_o one_o simple_a circular_a motion_n the_o other_o circular_a motion_n about_o it_o own_v centre_n it_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o year_n have_v both_o the_o same_o variation_n of_o day_n and_o night_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v by_o copernicus_n for_o if_o the_o circle_n abcd_v in_o the_o 3d_o figure_n be_v the_o ecliptic_a who_o centre_n be_v e_o and_o diameter_n aec_fw-la and_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o a_o &_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v in_o the_o little_a circle_n fghi_fw-la namely_o according_a to_o the_o order_n f_o g_o h_o &_o i_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o a_o body_n place_v in_o a_o will_v be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o order_n through_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a a_o b_o c_o &_o d_o and_o will_v always_o keep_v its_o axis_n parallel_n to_o its_o self_n but_o if_o as_o i_o have_v suppose_v the_o earth_n also_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a circular_a motion_n in_o a_o plain_a that_o pass_v through_o a_o cut_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o as_o that_o the_o common_a section_n of_o both_o the_o plain_n be_v in_o ac_fw-la thus_o also_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v about_o in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o epicycle_n who_o diameter_n be_v lak_a which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n lac_fw-la therefore_o lak_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o epicycle_n pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o ecliptic_a wherefore_o see_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n simple_a motion_n both_o in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o in_o its_o epicycle_n the_o straight_a line_n lak_a be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v to_o itself_o every_o other_o straight_o line_n also_o take_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o its_o axis_n will_v in_o like_a manner_n be_v keep_v always_o parallel_v
be_v do_v 16_o grant_v that_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v freeze_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o moon_n have_v be_v see_v eclipse_v at_o such_o time_n as_o she_o have_v be_v almost_o two_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o the_o horizon_n for_o such_o a_o eclipse_n be_v observe_v by_o mestline_n at_o tube_v in_o the_o year_n 1590._o for_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o freeze_a cloud_n be_v then_o interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o observer_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v then_o almost_o two_o degree_n below_o the_o horizon_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v in_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o his_o beam_n through_o the_o ice_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o that_o attribute_v such_o refraction_n to_o the_o atmosphere_n can_v attribute_v to_o it_o so_o great_a a_o refraction_n as_o this_o wherefore_o not_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o either_o water_n in_o a_o continue_a body_n or_o else_o ice_n must_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o refraction_n 17_o again_o grant_v that_o there_o may_v be_v ice_n in_o the_o cloud_n it_o will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o wonder_n that_o many_o sun_n have_v sometime_o appear_v at_o once_o for_o looking-glass_n may_v be_v so_o place_v as_o by_o reflection_n to_o show_v the_o same_o object_n in_o many_o place_n and_o may_v not_o so_o many_o freeze_a cloud_n serve_v for_o so_o many_o looking-glass_n and_o may_v they_o not_o be_v fit_o dispose_v for_o that_o purpose_n beside_o the_o number_n of_o appearance_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o refraction_n also_o and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a wonder_n to_o i_o if_o such_o phaenomena_n as_o these_o shall_v never_o happen_v and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o that_o one_o phaenomenon_n of_o the_o new_a star_n which_o be_v see_v in_o cassiopaea_n i_o shall_v think_v comet_n be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n namely_o by_o vapour_n draw_v not_o only_o from_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n also_o and_o congeal_v into_o one_o continue_a body_n for_o i_o can_v very_o well_o from_o hence_o give_v a_o reason_n both_o of_o their_o hair_n and_o of_o their_o motion_n but_o see_v that_o star_n remain_v sixteen_o whole_a month_n in_o the_o same_o place_n among_o the_o fix_a star_n i_o can_v believe_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v ice_n wherefore_o i_o leave_v to_o other_o the_o disquisition_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o comet_n concern_v which_o nothing_o that_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v 〈…〉_z the_o bare_a history_n of_o they_o be_v worth_a consider_v 18_o the_o head_n of_o river_n may_v be_v deduce_v from_o rain-water_n or_o from_o melt_a snow_n very_o easy_o but_o from_o other_o cause_n very_o hardly_o or_o not_o at_o all_o for_o both_o rain-water_n and_o melt_v snow_n run_v down_o the_o descent_n of_o mountain_n and_o if_o they_o descend_v only_o by_o the_o outward_a superficies_n the_o shower_n or_o snow_n themselves_o may_v be_v account_v the_o spring_n or_o fountain_n but_o if_o they_o enter_v the_o earth_n &_o descend_v within_o it_o then_o wheresoever_o they_o break_v out_o there_o be_v their_o spring_n and_o as_o these_o sping_n make_v small_a stream_n so_o many_o small_a stream_n run_v together_o make_v river_n now_o there_o be_v never_o any_o spring_n find_v but_o where_o the_o water_n w_o ch_n flow_v to_o it_o be_v either_o further_o or_o at_o least_o as_o far_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o spring_n itself_o and_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v object_v by_o a_o great_a philosopher_n that_o in_o the_o top_n of_o mount-cenis_n which_o part_v savoy_n from_o piedmont_n there_o spring_v a_o river_n which_o run_v down_o by_o susa_n it_o be_v not_o true_a for_o there_o be_v above_o that_o river_n for_o two_o mile_n length_n very_o high_a hill_n on_o both_o side_n which_o be_v almost_o perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n from_o which_o innumerable_a little_a stream_n run_v down_o do_v manifest_o supply_v that_o river_n with_o water_n sufficient_a for_o its_o magnitude_n chap._n xxix_o of_o sound_n odour_n savour_n and_o touch_v 1_o the_o definition_n of_o sound_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o sound_n 2_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o sound_n 3_o the_o difference_n between_o sound_n acute_a and_o grave_a 4_o the_o difference_n between_o clear_a and_o hoarse_a sound_n whence_o 5_o the_o sound_z of_o thunder_n and_o of_o a_o gun_n whence_o it_o proceed_v 6_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o pipe_n by_o blow_v into_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a sound_n 7_o of_o reflect_v sound_n 8_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o sound_n be_v uniform_a and_o last_a 9_o how_o sound_n may_v be_v help_v and_o hinder_v by_o the_o wind._n 10_o not_o only_o air_n but_o other_o body_n how_o hard_o soever_o they_o be_v convey_v sound_v 11_o the_o cause_n of_o grave_a and_o acute_a sound_n and_o of_o consent_n 12_o phaenomena_n for_o smell_a 13_o the_o first_o organ_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o smell_a 14_o how_o it_o be_v help_v by_o heat_n and_o by_o wind._n 15_o why_o such_o body_n be_v least_o smell_v which_o have_v least_o intermixture_n of_o air_n in_o they_o 16_o why_o odorous_a thing_n become_v more_o odorous_a by_o be_v bruise_v 17_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o taste_v and_o why_o some_o savour_v cause_n nauseousness_n 18_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o feel_v and_o how_o we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o such_o object_n as_o be_v common_a to_o the_o touch_n and_o other_o sense_n sound_z be_v sense_n generate_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la when_o its_o motion_n reach_v the_o ear_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n now_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v not_o the_o sound_n itself_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o for_o the_o phantasm_n which_o be_v make_v in_o we_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v proper_o that_o which_o we_o call_v sound_n the_o principal_a distinction_n of_o sound_n be_v these_o first_o that_o one_o sound_n be_v strong_a another_o weak_a second_o that_o one_o be_v more_o grave_a another_o more_o acute_a three_o that_o one_o be_v clear_a another_o hoarse_a four_o that_o one_o be_v primary_n another_o derivative_a five_o that_o one_o be_v uniform_a another_o not_o six_o that_o one_o be_v more_o durable_a another_o less_o durable_a of_o all_o which_o distinction_n the_o member_n may_v be_v subdistinguish_v into_o part_n distinguishable_a almost_o infinite_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o sound_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o much_o less_o than_o that_o of_o colour_n as_o vision_n so_o hear_v be_v generate_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o not_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o sight_n be_v from_o pressure_n that_o be_v from_o a_o endeavour_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o perceptible_a progression_n of_o any_o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la but_o one_o part_n urge_v or_o thrust_v on_o a_o other_o propagate_v that_o action_n successive_o to_o any_o distance_n whatsoever_o whereas_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la by_o which_o sound_n be_v make_v be_v a_o stroke_n for_o when_o we_o hear_v the_o drum_n of_o the_o ear_n which_o be_v the_o first_o organ_n of_o hear_v be_v strike_v and_o the_o drum_n be_v strike_v the_o pia_n mater_n be_v also_o shake_v and_o with_o it_o the_o artery_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o it_o by_o which_o the_o action_n be_v propagate_v to_o the_o heart_n itself_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o heart_n a_o phantasm_n be_v make_v which_o we_o call_v sound_a and_o because_o the_o reaction_n tend_v outward_o we_o think_v it_o be_v without_o 2_o and_o see_v the_o effect_n produce_v by_o motion_n be_v great_a or_o less_o not_o only_a when_o the_o velocity_n be_v great_a or_o less_o but_o also_o when_o the_o body_n have_v great_a or_o less_o magnitude_n though_o the_o velocity_n be_v the_o same_o a_o sound_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o both_o these_o way_n and_o because_o neither_o the_o great_a nor_o the_o least_o magnitude_n or_o velocity_n can_v be_v give_v it_o may_v happen_v that_o either_o the_o motion_n may_v be_v of_o so_o small_a velocity_n or_o the_o body_n itself_o of_o so_o small_a magnitude_n as_o to_o produce_v no_o sound_n at_o all_o or_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o take_v away_o the_o faculty_n of_o sense_n by_o hurt_v the_o organ_n from_o hence_o may_v be_v deduce_v possible_a cause_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o weakness_n of_o sound_n in_o the_o follow_a phaenomena_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v this_o that_o if_o a_o man_n speak_v through_o a_o trunk_n which_o have_v on_o end_n apply_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o
of_o the_o cause_n of_o smell_v i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o evidence_n of_o these_o follow_a phaenomena_n first_o that_o smell_a be_v hinder_v by_o cold_a and_o help_v by_o heat_n second_o that_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o object_n the_o smell_n be_v the_o strong_a and_o contrary_o when_o it_o blow_v from_o the_o sentient_a towards_o the_o object_n the_o weak_a both_o which_o phaenomena_n be_v by_o experience_n manifest_o find_v to_o be_v true_a in_o dog_n which_o follow_v the_o tract_n of_o beast_n by_o the_o sent._n three_o that_o such_o body_n as_o be_v less_o pervious_a to_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la yield_v less_o smell_n than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o pervious_a as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o stone_n and_o metal_n which_o compare_v with_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n and_o their_o part_n fruit_n and_o excretion_n have_v very_o little_a or_o no_o smell_n at_o all_o four_o that_o such_o body_n as_o be_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n odorous_a become_v yet_o more_o odorous_a when_o they_o be_v bruise_v five_o that_o when_o the_o breath_n be_v stop_v at_o least_o in_o man_n nothing_o can_v be_v smell_v six_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o smell_a be_v also_o take_v away_o by_o the_o stop_n of_o the_o nostril_n though_o the_o mouth_n be_v leave_v open_a 13_o by_o the_o four_o and_o five_o phaenomenon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o and_o immediate_a organ_n of_o smell_a be_v the_o innermost_a cuticle_n of_o the_o nostril_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v below_o the_o passage_n common_a to_o the_o nostril_n and_o the_o palate_n for_o when_o we_o draw_v breath_n by_o the_o nostril_n we_o draw_v it_o into_o the_o lung_n that_o breath_n therefore_o which_o convey_v smell_v be_v in_o the_o way_n which_o pass_v to_o the_o lung_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o nostril_n which_o be_v below_o the_o passage_n through_o which_o the_o breath_n go_v for_o nothing_o be_v smell_v neither_o beyond_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o breath_n within_o nor_o at_o all_o without_o the_o nostril_n and_o see_v that_o from_o different_a smell_v there_o must_v necessary_o proceed_v some_o mutation_n in_o the_o organ_n and_o all_o mutation_n be_v motion_n it_o be_v therefore_o also_o necessary_a that_o in_o smell_a the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o that_o internal_a cuticle_n and_o the_o nerve_n that_o be_v insert_v into_o it_o must_v be_v diverse_o move_v by_o different_a smell_v and_o see_v also_o that_o it_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v move_v but_o by_o a_o body_n that_o be_v already_o move_v and_o contiguous_a and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o body_n contiguous_a to_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o nostril_n but_o breath_n that_o be_v to_o say_v attract_v air_n and_o such_o little_a solid_a invisible_a body_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o as_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o air_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o smell_a be_v either_o the_o motion_n of_o that_o pure_a air_n or_o aethereal_a substance_n or_o the_o motion_n of_o those_o small_a body_n but_o this_o motion_n be_v a_o effect_n procede_v from_o the_o object_n of_o smell_n and_o therefore_o either_o the_o whole_a object_n itself_o or_o its_o several_a part_n must_v necessary_o be_v move_v now_o we_o know_v that_o odorous_a body_n make_v odour_n though_o their_o whole_a bulk_n be_v not_o move_v wherefore_o the_o cause_n of_o odour_n be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o invisible_a part_n of_o the_o odorous_a body_n and_o these_o invisible_a part_n do_v either_o go_v out_o of_o the_o object_n or_o else_o retain_v their_o former_a situation_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n be_v move_v together_o with_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o have_v simple_a and_o invisible_a motion_n they_o that_o say_v there_o go_v something_o out_o of_o the_o odorous_a body_n call_v it_o a_o effluvium_fw-la which_o effluvium_fw-la be_v either_o of_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n or_o of_o the_o small_a body_n that_o be_v intermingle_v with_o it_o but_o that_o all_o variety_n of_o odour_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o effluvium_n of_o those_o small_a body_n that_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v altogether_o incredible_a for_o these_o consideration_n first_o that_o certain_a unguent_n though_o very_o little_a in_o quantity_n do_v nevertheless_o send_v forth_o very_o strong_a odour_n not_o only_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n of_o place_n but_o also_o to_o a_o great_a continuance_n of_o time_n and_o be_v to_o be_v smell_v in_o every_o point_n both_o of_o that_o place_n and_o time_n so_o that_o the_o part_n issue_v out_o be_v sufficient_a to_o fill_v ten_o thousand_o time_n more_o space_n than_o the_o whole_a odorous_a body_n be_v able_a to_o fill_v which_o be_v impossible_a second_o that_o whether_o that_o issue_v out_o be_v with_o straight_o or_o with_o crooked_a motion_n if_o the_o same_o quantity_n shall_v 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a_o complete_a geometrician_n it_o happen_v beside_o that_o for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o equation_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a method_n but_o he_o be_v best_o able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o have_v the_o best_a natural_a wit._n the_o first_o ground_n of_o philosophy_n chap._n vii_o of_o place_n and_o time_n 1_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o existence_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v under_o stand_v and_o compute_v 2_o what_o be_v space_n 3_o time_n 4_o part._n 5_o division_n 6_o one_o 7_o number_n 8_o composition_n 9_o the_o whole_a 10_o space_n and_o time_n contiguous_a and_o continual_a 11_o beginning_n end_v way_n finite_a infinite_a 12_o what_o be_v infinite_a in_o power_n nothing_o infinite_a can_v be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v either_o whole_a or_o one_o nor_o infinite_a space_n or_o time_n many_o 13_o division_n proceed_v not_o to_o the_o least_o 1_o in_o the_o teach_v of_o natural_a philosophy_n i_o can_v begin_v better_a as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v then_o from_o privation_n that_o be_v from_o feign_v the_o world_n to_o be_v annihilate_v but_o if_o such_o annihilation_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v ask_v what_o will_v remain_v for_o any_o man_n who_o only_o i_o except_v from_o this_o universal_a annihilation_n of_o thing_n to_o consider_v as_o the_o subject_a of_o philosophy_n or_o at_o all_o to_o reason_n upon_o or_o what_o to_o give_v name_n unto_o for_o ratiocination_n sake_n i_o say_v therefore_o there_o will_v remain_v to_o that_o man_n idea_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o all_o such_o body_n as_o he_o have_v before_o their_o annihilation_n see_v with_o his_o eye_n or_o perceive_v by_o any_o other_o sense_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o memory_n and_o imagination_n of_o magnitude_n motion_n sound_n colour_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o of_o their_o order_n &_o part_n all_z w_z ch_z thing_n though_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o idea_n &_o phantasm_n happen_v internal_o to_o he_o that_o imagine_v yet_o they_o will_v appear_v as_o if_o they_o be_v external_a and_o not_o at_o all_o depend_v upon_o any_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o these_o be_v the_o thing_n to_o which_o he_o will_v give_v name_n and_o subtract_v they_o from_o and_o compound_v they_o with_o one_o another_o for_o see_v that_o after_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n i_o suppose_v man_n still_o remain_v and_o namely_o that_o he_o think_v imagine_v and_o remember_v there_o can_v be_v nothing_o for_o he_o to_o think_v of_o but_o what_o be_v past_a nay_o if_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v diligent_o what_o it_o be_v we_o do_v when_o we_o consider_v and_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o all_o thing_n be_v still_o remain_v in_o the_o world_n yet_o we_o compute_v nothing_o but_o our_o own_o phantasm_n for_o when_o we_o calculate_v the_o magnitude_n and_o motion_n of_o heaven_n or_o earth_n we_o do_v not_o ascend_v into_o heaven_n that_o we_o may_v divide_v it_o into_o part_n or_o measure_v the_o motion_n thereof_o but_o we_o do_v 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all_o man_n call_v so_o for_o no_o man_n call_v it_o space_n for_o be_v already_o fill_v but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v fill_v nor_o do_v any_o man_n think_v body_n carry_v their_o place_n away_o with_o they_o but_o that_o the_o same_o space_n contain_v sometime_o one_o sometime_o another_o body_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o space_n shall_v always_o accompany_v the_o body_n which_o be_v once_o in_o it_o and_o this_o be_v of_o itself_o so_o manifest_a that_o i_o shall_v not_o think_v it_o need_v any_o explain_n at_o all_o but_o that_o i_o find_v space_n to_o be_v false_o define_v by_o certain_a philosopher_n who_o infer_v from_o thence_o one_o that_o the_o world_n be_v infinite_a for_o take_v space_n to_o be_v the_o extension_n of_o body_n and_o think_v extension_n may_v increase_v continual_o he_o infer_v that_o body_n may_v be_v infinite_o extend_v and_o another_o from_o the_o same_o definition_n conclude_v rash_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a even_o to_o god_n himself_o to_o 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two_o time_n betwixt_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o time_n be_v call_v immediate_a a_o b_o c_z as_o ab_fw-la bc._n and_o any_o two_o space_n as_o well_o as_o time_n be_v say_v to_o be_v continual_a when_o they_o have_v one_o common_a part_n a_o b_o c_o d_o as_o ac_fw-la bd_o where_o the_o part_n bc_n be_v common_a and_o more_o space_n and_o time_n be_v continual_a when_o every_o two_o which_o be_v next_o one_o another_o be_v continual_a 11_o that_o part_n which_o be_v between_o two_o other_o part_n be_v call_v a_o mean_a &_o that_o which_o be_v not_o between_o two_o other_o part_n a_o extreme_a and_o of_o extreme_n that_o which_o be_v first_o reckon_v be_v the_o beginning_n and_o that_o which_o last_o the_o end_n and_o all_o the_o mean_n together_o take_v be_v the_o way_n also_o extreme_a part_n and_o limit_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o beginning_n and_o end_n depend_v upon_o the_o order_n in_o which_o we_o number_v they_o and_o 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division_n but_o rather_o to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n whatsoever_o be_v divide_v be_v divide_v into_o such_o part_n as_o may_v again_o be_v divide_v or_o thus_o the_o lest_o divisible_a thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v give_v or_o as_o geometrician_n have_v it_o no_o quantity_n be_v so_o small_a but_o a_o less_o may_v be_v take_v which_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v any_o space_n or_o time_n that_o which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o lest_o divisible_a be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n a_o and_o b._n i_o say_v either_o of_o they_o as_o a_o may_v be_v divide_v again_o for_o suppose_v the_o part_n a_o to_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o part_n b_o of_o one_o side_n and_o of_o the_o other_o side_n to_o some_o other_o space_n equal_a to_o b._n this_o whole_a space_n therefore_o be_v great_a than_o the_o space_n give_v be_v divisible_a wherefore_o if_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o part_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v a_o will_v be_v also_o divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o therefore_o a_o be_v divisible_a chap._n viii_o of_o body_n and_o accident_n 1_o body_n define_v 2_o accident_n define_v 3_o how_o a_o accident_n may_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o its_o subject_n 4_o magnitude_n what_o it_o be_v 5_o place_v what_o it_o be_v and_o that_o it_o be_v immovable_a 6_o what_o be_v full_a and_o empty_a 7_o here_o there_o somewhere_o what_o they_o signify_v 8_o many_o body_n can_v be_v in_o one_o place_n nor_o one_o body_n in_o many_o place_n 9_o contiguous_a and_o continual_a what_o they_o be_v 10_o the_o definition_n of_o motion_n no_o motion_n intelligible_a but_o with_o time_n 11_o what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n to_o have_v be_v move_v and_o to_o be_v move_v no_o motion_n to_o be_v conceive_v without_o the_o conception_n of_o past_a and_o future_a 12_o a_o point_n a_o line_n superficies_n and_o solid_a what_o they_o be_v 13_o equal_a great_a and_o less_o in_o body_n and_o magnitude_n what_o they_o be_v 14_o one_o and_o the_o same_o body_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o the_o same_o magnitude_n 15_o velocity_n what_o it_o be_v 16_o equal_a great_a and_o less_o in_o time_n what_o they_o be_v 17_o equal_a great_a and_o less_o in_o velocity_n what_o 18_o equal_a great_a and_o less_o in_o motion_n what_o 19_o that_o which_o be_v at_o rest_n will_v always_o be_v at_o rest_n except_o it_o be_v move_v by_o some_o external_a thing_n and_o that_o which_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v unless_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o external_a thing_n 20_o accident_n be_v generate_v and_o destroy_v but_o body_n not_o so_o 21_o a_o accident_n can_v depart_v from_o its_o subject_a 22_o nor_o be_v move_v 23_o essence_n form_n and_o matter_n what_o they_o be_v 24_o first_o matter_n what_o 25_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v great_a than_o any_o part_n thereof_o why_o demonstrate_v 1_o have_v understand_v what_o imaginary_a space_n be_v in_o which_o we_o suppose_v nothing_o remain_v without_o we_o but_o all_o those_o thing_n to_o be_v destroy_v that_o by_o exist_v heretofore_o leave_v image_n of_o themselves_o in_o our_o mind_n let_v we_o now_o suppose_v some_o one_o of_o those_o thing_n to_o be_v place_v again_o in_o the_o world_n or_o create_v anew_o it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o that_o this_o new_a create_v or_o replace_v thing_n do_v not_o only_o fill_v some_o part_n of_o the_o space_n abovementioned_a or_o be_v coincident_a and_o coextend_v with_o it_o but_o also_o that_o it_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o our_o thought_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o for_o the_o extension_n of_o it_o we_o common_o call_v body_n and_o because_o it_o depend_v
as_o be_v say_v above_o in_o the_o seven_o article_n from_o what_o be_v above_o demonstrate_v namely_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v have_v also_o be_v move_v and_o will_v be_v move_v this_o also_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o conception_n of_o motion_n without_o conceive_v past_a and_o future_a time_n 12_o though_o there_o be_v no_o body_n which_o have_v not_o some_o magnitude_n yet_o if_o when_o any_o body_n be_v move_v the_o magnitude_n of_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o consider_v the_o way_n it_o make_v it_o call_v a_o line_n or_o one_o single_a dimension_n &_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v be_v call_v length_n and_o the_o body_n itself_o a_o point_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o earth_n be_v call_v a_o point_n and_o the_o way_n of_o its_o yearly_a revolution_n the_o ecliptic_a line_n but_o if_o a_o body_n which_o be_v move_v be_v consider_v as_o long_o and_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o move_v as_o that_o all_o the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o 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which_o another_o body_n fill_v though_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n with_o that_o other_o body_n if_o so_o be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v reducible_a to_o the_o same_o figure_n either_o by_o flexion_n or_o transposition_n of_o the_o part_n and_o one_o body_n be_v great_a than_o another_o body_n when_o a_o part_n of_o that_o be_v equal_a to_o all_o this_o and_o less_o when_o all_o that_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o part_n of_o this_o also_o magnitude_n be_v equal_a or_o great_a or_o lesser_a than_o one_o another_o for_o the_o same_o consideration_n namely_o when_o the_o body_n of_o which_o they_o be_v the_o magnitude_n be_v either_o equal_a or_o great_a or_o less_o etc._n etc._n 14_o one_o and_o the_o same_o body_n be_v always_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o see_v a_o body_n and_o the_o magnitude_n and_o place_n thereof_o can_v be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o mind_n otherwise_o then_o as_o they_o be_v coincident_a if_o any_o body_n be_v 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certain_a length_n may_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n be_v transmit_v by_o it_o be_v call_v velocity_n or_o swiftness_n etc._n etc._n for_o though_o swift_a be_v very_o often_o understand_v with_o relation_n to_o slow_a or_o less_o swift_a as_o great_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o lesle_n yet_o nevertheless_o as_o magnitude_n be_v by_o philosopher_n take_v absolute_o for_o extension_n so_o also_o velocity_n or_o swiftness_n may_v be_v put_v absolute_o for_o motion_n accord_v ing_z to_o length_n 16_o many_o motion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v in_o equal_a time_n when_o every_o one_o of_o they_o begin_v and_o end_v together_o with_o some_o other_o motion_n or_o if_o it_o have_v begin_v together_o will_v also_o have_v end_v together_o with_o the_o same_o for_o time_n which_o be_v a_o phantasm_n of_o mo_z tion_n can_v be_v reckon_v but_o by_o some_o expose_v motion_n as_o in_o dial_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o the_o hand_n and_o if_o two_o or_o more_o motion_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o this_o motion_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v in_o equal_a time_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o understand_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v move_v in_o great_a or_o long_a time_n &_o in_o less_o time_n or_o not_o so_o long_o namely_o that_o that_o be_v long_o move_v which_o beginning_n with_o another_o end_v late_a or_o end_v together_o begin_v soon_o 17_o motion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v equal_o swift_a when_o equal_a length_n be_v transmit_v in_o equal_a time_n and_o great_a swiftness_n be_v that_o wherein_o great_a length_n be_v pass_v in_o equal_a time_n or_o equal_a length_n in_o less_o time_n also_o that_o swiftness_n by_o which_o equal_a length_n be_v pass_v in_o equal_a part_n of_o time_n be_v call_v uniform_a swiftness_n or_o motion_n and_o of_o motion_n not_o uniform_a such_o as_o become_v swift_a or_o slow_a by_o equal_a increasing_n or_o decreasing_n in_o equal_a part_n of_o time_n be_v say_v to_o be_v accelerate_a or_o retard_v uniformly_n 18_o but_o motion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v great_a less_o and_o equal_a not_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o length_n which_o be_v transmit_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n that_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o swiftness_n only_o but_o of_o swiftness_n apply_v to_o every_o small_a particle_n of_o magnitude_n for_o when_o any_o body_n be_v move_v every_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o move_v and_o suppose_v the_o part_n to_o be_v half_n the_o motion_n of_o those_o half_n have_v their_o swiftness_n equal_a to_o one_o another_o and_o several_o equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a but_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o those_o two_o motion_n either_o of_o which_o be_v of_o equal_a swiftness_n with_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o two_o motion_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o another_o &_o another_o thing_n for_o they_o to_o be_v equal_o swift_a and_o this_o be_v manifest_a in_o two_o horse_n that_o draw_v abreast_o where_o the_o motion_n of_o both_o the_o horse_n 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other_o than_o a_o efficient_a cause_n a_o final_a cause_n have_v no_o place_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v sense_n and_o will_n and_o this_o also_o i_o shall_v prove_v hereafter_o to_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n chap._n xi_o of_o identity_n and_o difference_n 1_o what_o it_o be_v for_o one_o thing_n to_o differ_v from_o another_o 2_o to_o differ_v in_o number_n magnitude_n species_n and_o genus_fw-la what_o 3_o what_o be_v relation_n proportion_n and_o relative_n 4_o proportional_n what_o 5_o the_o proportion_n of_o magnitude_n to_o one_o another_o wherein_o it_o consist_v 6_o relation_n be_v no_o new_a accident_n but_o one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o relative_n before_o the_o relation_n or_o comparison_n be_v make_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o accident_n in_o the_o correlative_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o relation_n 7_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o individuation_n 1hitherto_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o body_n simple_o and_o of_o accident_n common_a to_o all_o body_n as_o magnitude_n motion_n rest_v action_n passion_n power_n possible_a etc._n etc._n and_o i_o shall_v now_o descend_v to_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o one_o body_n be_v distinguish_v from_o another_o but_o that_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v declare_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v distinct_a and_o not_o distinct_a namely_o what_o be_v the_o same_o and_o different_n for_o this_o also_o be_v common_a to_o all_o body_n that_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v and_o difference_v from_o one_o another_o now_o two_o body_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o when_o something_o may_v be_v say_v of_o one_o of_o they_o which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n 2_o and_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o no_o two_o body_n be_v the_o same_o for_o see_v they_o be_v two_o they_o be_v in_o two_o place_n at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o same_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n all_o body_n therefore_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o number_n namely_o as_o one_o and_o another_o so_o that_o the_o same_o and_o different_a in_o number_n be_v name_n oppose_v to_o one_o another_o by_o contradiction_n in_o magnitude_n body_n differ_v when_o one_o be_v great_a than_o another_o as_o a_o cubit_n long_o and_o two_o cubit_n long_o of_o two_o pound_n weight_n and_o of_o three_o pound_n weight_n and_o to_o these_o equal_n be_v oppose_v body_n which_o differ_v more_o then_o in_o magnitude_n be_v call_v unlike_a and_o those_o which_o differ_v only_o in_o magnitude_n like_a also_o of_o unlike_a body_n some_o be_v say_v to_o differ_v in_o the_o species_n other_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la in_o the_o species_n when_o their_o difference_n be_v perceive_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o white_a and_o black_a and_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la when_o their_o difference_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o by_o divers_a sense_n as_o white_a and_o hot._n 3_o and_o the_o likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o one_o body_n to_o another_o be_v call_v their_o relation_n and_o the_o body_n themselves_o relative_n or_o correlative_n aristotle_n call_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o whereof_o be_v usual_o name_v the_o antecedent_n and_o the_o second_o the_o consequent_a and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a according_a to_o magnitude_n namely_o the_o equality_n the_o excess_n or_o defect_n thereof_o be_v call_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a so_o that_o proportion_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o antecedent_n compare_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o consequent_a by_o their_o difference_n only_o or_o compare_v also_o with_o their_o difference_n for_o example_n the_o proportion_n of_o three_o to_o two_o consist_v only_o in_o this_o that_o three_o exceed_v two_o by_o unity_n and_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o in_o this_o that_o two_o compare_v with_o five_o be_v deficient_a of_o it_o by_o three_o either_o simple_o or_o compare_v with_o the_o number_n different_a and_o therefore_o in_o the_o proportion_n of_o unequal_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o less_o to_o the_o great_a be_v call_v defect_n and_o that_o of_o the_o great_a to_o the_o less_o excess_n 4_o beside_o of_o unequal_o some_o be_v more_o some_o less_o and_o some_o equal_o unequal_a so_o that_o there_o be_v proportion_n of_o proportion_n as_o well_o as_o of_o magnitude_n namely_o where_o two_o unequal_o have_v relation_n to_o two_o other_o unequal_o as_o when_o the_o inequality_n which_o be_v between_o 2_o and_o 3_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o inequality_n which_o be_v between_o 4_o and_o 5._o in_o which_o comparison_n there_o be_v always_o four_o magnitude_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o if_o there_o be_v but_o three_o the_o middlemost_a be_v twice_o number_v and_o if_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o three_o to_o the_o four_o than_o the_o four_o be_v say_v to_o be_v proportional_n otherwise_o they_o be_v not_o proportional_n 5_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o consequent_a consist_v in_o their_o difference_n not_o only_o simple_o take_v but_o also_o as_o compare_v with_o one_o of_o the_o relative_n that_o be_v either_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o great_a by_o which_o it_o exceed_v the_o less_o or_o in_o the_o remainder_n after_o the_o less_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o great_a as_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o consist_v in_o the_o three_o by_o which_o five_o exceed_v two_o not_o in_o three_o simple_o only_a but_o also_o as_o compare_v with_o five_o or_o two_n for_o though_o there_o be_v the_o same_o difference_n between_o two_o &_o five_o which_o be_v between_o nine_o and_o twelve_o namely_o three_o yet_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o inequality_n and_o therefore_o the_o proportion_n of_o two_o to_o five_o be_v not_o in_o all_o relation_n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o nine_o to_o twelve_o but_o only_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v arithmetical_a 6_o but_o we_o must_v not_o so_o think_v of_o relation_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n differ_v from_o all_o the_o other_o accident_n of_o the_o relative_n but_o one_o of_o they_o namely_o that_o by_o which_o the_o comparison_n be_v make_v for_o example_n the_o likeness_n of_o one_o white_a to_o another_o white_a or_o its_o unlikeness_n to_o black_a be_v the_o same_o accident_n with_o its_o whiteness_n and_o equality_n and_o inequality_n the_o same_o accident_n with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o thing_n compare_v though_o under_o another_o name_n for_o that_o which_o be_v call_v white_a or_o great_a when_o it_o be_v not_o compare_v with_o something_o else_o the_o same_o when_o it_o be_v compare_v be_v call_v like_a or_o unlike_a equal_a or_o unequal_a and_o from_o this_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o accident_n which_o be_v in_o relative_n be_v the_o cause_n also_o of_o likeness_n unlikeness_n equality_n and_o inequality_n namely_o that_o he_o that_o make_v two_o unequal_a body_n make_v also_o their_o inequality_n and_o he_o that_o make_v a_o rule_n and_o a_o action_n make_v also_o if_o the_o action_n be_v congruous_a to_o the_o rule_n their_o congruity_n if_o incongruous_a their_o incongruity_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v comparison_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o 7_o but_o the_o same_o body_n may_v at_o different_a time_n be_v compare_v with_o itself_o and_o from_o hence_o spring_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o philosopher_n about_o the_o beginning_n of_o individuation_n namely_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o a_o body_n be_v at_o one_o time_n the_o same_o at_o another_o time_n not_o the_o same_o it_o be_v former_o for_o example_n whether_o a_o man_n grow_v old_a be_v the_o same_o man_n he_o be_v while_o he_o be_v young_a or_o another_o man_n or_o whether_o a_o city_n be_v in_o different_a age_n the_o same_o or_o another_o city_n some_o place_n individuity_n in_o the_o unity_n of_o matter_n other_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o form_n and_o one_o say_v it_o consist_v in_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n together_o for_o matter_n it_o be_v plead_v that_o a_o lump_n of_o wax_n whether_o it_o be_v spherical_a or_o cubical_a be_v the_o same_o wax_n because_o the_o same_o matter_n for_o form_n that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v grow_v from_o a_o infant_n to_o be_v a_o old_a man_n though_o his_o matter_n be_v change_v yet_o he_o be_v still_o the_o same_o numerical_a man_n for_o that_o identity_n which_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o matter_n ought_v probable_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o form_n for_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n no_o instance_n can_v be_v make_v but_o because_o
the_o suppose_a hardness_n and_o therefore_o the_o other_o must_v needs_o be_v namely_o that_o the_o body_n come_v near_o to_o a._n wherefore_o the_o body_n at_o i_o have_v great_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n a_o when_o its_o hard_a side_n be_v next_o it_o then_o when_o it_o be_v avert_v from_o it_o but_o the_o body_n in_o i_o while_o it_o be_v move_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n ib_n have_v sometime_o one_o side_n sometime_o another_o turn_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v sometime_o near_o sometime_o further_o off_o from_o the_o centre_n a._n wherefore_o the_o body_n at_o i_o be_v not_o carry_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o perfect_a circle_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v chap._n xxii_o of_o other_o variety_n of_o motion_n 1_o endeavour_n and_o pressure_n how_o they_o differ_v 2_o two_o kind_n of_o medium_n in_o which_o body_n be_v move_v 3_o propagation_n of_o motion_n what_o it_o be_v 4_o what_o motion_n body_n have_v when_o they_o press_v one_o another_o 5_o fluid_a body_n when_o they_o be_v press_v together_o penetrate_v one_o another_o 6_o when_o one_o body_n press_v another_o and_o do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o the_o action_n of_o the_o press_a body_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n press_v 7_o when_o a_o hard_a body_n press_v another_o body_n penetrate_v the_o same_o it_o do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o perpendicular_o unless_o it_o fall_v perpendicular_o upon_o it_o 8_o motion_n sometime_o opposite_a to_o that_o of_o the_o movent_fw-la 9_o in_o a_o full_a medium_fw-la motion_n be_v propagate_v to_o any_o distance_n 10_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n what_o they_o be_v 11_o dilatation_n and_o contraction_n suppose_v mutation_n of_o the_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o situation_n 12_o all_o traction_n be_v pulsion_n 13_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v press_v or_o bend_v restore_v themselves_o have_v motion_n in_o their_o internal_a part_n 14_o though_o that_o which_o carry_v another_o be_v stop_v the_o body_n carry_v will_v proceed_v 15_o 16_o the_o effect_n of_o percussion_n not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o those_o of_o waight_n 17_o 18_o motion_n can_v begin_v first_o in_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o a_o body_n 19_o action_n and_o reaction_n proceed_v in_o the_o same_o line_n 20_o habit_n what_o it_o be_v 1_o i_o have_v already_o in_o the_o 15_o chap._n at_o the_o 2d_o article_n define_v endeavour_n to_o be_v motion_n through_o some_o length_n though_o not_o consider_v as_o length_n but_o as_o a_o point_n whether_o therefore_o there_o be_v resistance_n or_o no_o resistance_n the_o endeavour_n will_v still_o be_v the_o same_o for_o simple_o to_o endeavour_v be_v to_o go._n but_o when_o two_o body_n have_v opposite_a endeavour_n press_v one_o another_o than_o the_o endeavour_n of_o either_o of_o they_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v pressure_n and_o be_v mutual_a when_o their_o pressure_n be_v opposite_a 2._o body_n move_v and_o also_o the_o medium_n in_o which_o they_o be_v move_v be_v of_o two_o kind_n for_o either_o they_o have_v their_o part_n coherent_a in_o such_o manner_n as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o move_v body_n will_v easy_o yield_v to_o the_o movent_fw-la except_o the_o whole_a body_n yield_v also_o and_o such_o be_v the_o thing_n we_o call_v hard_a or_o else_o their_o part_n while_o the_o whole_a remain_v unmoved_a will_v easy_o yield_v to_o the_o movent_fw-la and_o these_o we_o call_v fluid_a or_o soft_a body_n for_o the_o word_n fluid_a soft_a tough_a and_o hard_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o great_a and_o little_a be_v use_v only_o comparative_o and_o be_v not_o different_a kind_n but_o different_a degree_n of_o quality_n 3_o to_o do_v and_o to_o suffer_v be_v to_o move_v and_o to_o be_v move_v and_o nothing_o be_v move_v but_o by_o that_o which_o touch_v it_o and_o be_v also_o move_v as_o have_v be_v former_o show_v and_o how_o great_a sooner_o the_o distance_n be_v we_o say_v the_o first_o movent_fw-la move_v the_o last_o move_v body_n but_o mediate_o namely_o so_o as_o that_o the_o first_o move_v the_o second_o the_o second_o the_o three_o and_o so_o on_o till_o the_o last_o of_o all_o be_v touch_v when_o therefore_o one_o body_n have_v opposite_a endeavour_n to_o another_o body_n move_v the_o same_o and_o that_o move_v a_o three_o and_o so_o on_o i_o call_v that_o action_n propagation_n of_o motion_n 4_o when_o two_o fluid_a body_n which_o be_v in_o a_o free_a and_o open_a space_n press_v one_o another_o their_o part_n will_v endeavour_v or_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o side_n not_o only_o those_o part_n which_o be_v there_o where_o the_o mutual_a contact_n be_v but_o all_o the_o other_o part_n for_o in_o the_o first_o contact_n the_o part_n which_o be_v press_v by_o both_o the_o endeavour_v body_n have_v no_o place_n either_o forward_o or_o backward_o in_o which_o they_o can_v be_v move_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v press_v out_o towards_o the_o side_n and_o this_o expressure_n when_o the_o force_n be_v equal_a be_v in_o a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o body_n press_v but_o whensoever_o the_o foremost_a part_n of_o both_o the_o body_n be_v press_v the_o hindermost_a also_o must_v be_v press_v at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o hindermost_a part_n can_v in_o a_o instant_n be_v stop_v by_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o foremost_a part_n but_o proceed_v for_o some_o time_n and_o therefore_o see_v they_o must_v have_v some_o place_n in_o which_o they_o may_v be_v move_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o place_n at_o all_o for_o they_o forward_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o be_v move_v into_o the_o place_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o side_n every_o way_n and_o this_o effect_n follow_v of_o necessity_n not_o only_o in_o fluid_a but_o in_o consistent_a and_o hard_a body_n though_o it_o be_v not_o always_o manifest_a to_o sense_n for_o though_o from_o the_o compression_n of_o two_o stone_n we_o can_v with_o our_o eye_n discern_v any_o swell_a outward_n towards_o the_o side_n as_o we_o perceive_v in_o two_o body_n of_o wax_n yet_o we_o know_v well_o enough_o by_o reason_n that_o some_o tumour_n must_v needs_o be_v there_o though_o it_o be_v but_o little_a 5_o but_o when_o the_o space_n be_v enclose_v and_o both_o the_o body_n be_v fluid_a they_o will_v if_o they_o be_v press_v together_o penetrate_v one_o anoteer_n though_o different_o according_a to_o their_o different_a endeavour_n for_o suppose_v a_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o hard_a matter_n well_o stop_v at_o both_o end_n but_o fill_v first_o below_z with_o some_o heavy_a fluid_a body_n as_o quicksilver_n and_o above_o with_o water_n or_o aire_n if_o now_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v turn_v upward_o the_o heavy_a fluid_a body_n which_o be_v now_o at_o the_o top_n have_v the_o great_a endeavour_n downward_o and_o be_v by_o the_o hard_a side_n of_o the_o vessel_n hinder_v from_o extend_v itself_o sidewayes_o must_v of_o necessity_n either_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o light_a body_n that_o it_o may_v sink_v through_o it_o or_o else_o it_o must_v open_v a_o passage_n through_o itself_o by_o which_o the_o light_a body_n may_v ascend_v for_o of_o the_o two_o body_n that_o who_o part_n be_v most_o easy_o separate_v will_v the_o first_o be_v divide_v which_o be_v do_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o suffer_v any_o separation_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o when_o two_o liquor_n which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o same_o vessel_n change_v their_o place_n there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o their_o small_a part_n shall_v be_v mingle_v with_o one_o another_o for_o a_o way_n be_v open_v through_o one_o of_o they_o the_o part_n of_o the_o other_o need_v not_o be_v separate_v now_o if_o a_o fluid_a body_n which_o be_v not_o enclose_v press_v a_o hard_a body_n its_o endeavour_n will_v indeed_o be_v towards_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o that_o hard_a body_n but_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o resistance_n of_o it_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_a body_n will_v be_v move_v every_o way_n according_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o hard_a body_n and_o that_o equal_o if_o the_o pressure_n be_v perpendicular_a for_o when_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v equal_a the_o effect_n will_v be_v equal_a also_o but_o if_o the_o pressure_n be_v not_o perpendicular_a than_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v unequal_a the_o expansion_n also_o will_v be_v unequal_a namely_o great_a on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o angle_n be_v great_a because_o that_o motion_n be_v most_o direct_a which_o proceed_v by_o the_o direct_v line_n 6_o if_o a_o body_n press_v another_o body_n do_v not_o penetrate_v it_o it_o will_v nevertheless_o give_v to_o the_o part_n it_o press_v a_o endeavour_n to_o yield_v and_o recede_v
at_o several_a time_n be_v by_o vehemence_n make_v strong_a and_o more_o predominant_a than_o the_o rest_n which_o deprive_v we_o of_o the_o sense_n of_o other_o phantasm_n no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o sun_n deprive_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o star_n of_o light_n not_o by_o hinder_v their_o action_n but_o by_o obscure_v and_o hide_v they_o with_o his_o excess_n of_o brightness_n 7._o but_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o a_o phantasm_n be_v make_v be_v not_o common_o call_v sense_n except_o the_o object_n be_v present_a and_o the_o phantasm_n remain_v after_o the_o object_n be_v remove_v or_o pass_v by_o be_v call_v fancy_n and_o in_o latin_a imaginatio_fw-la which_o word_n because_o all_o phantasm_n be_v not_o image_n do_v not_o full_o answer_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n fancy_n in_o its_o general_a acceptation_n nevertheless_o i_o may_v use_v it_o safe_o enough_o by_o understand_v it_o for_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d imagination_n therefore_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o sense_n decay_v or_o weaken_v by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o object_n but_o what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o decay_n or_o weaken_n be_v the_o motion_n the_o weak_a because_o the_o object_n be_v take_v away_o if_o it_o be_v than_o phantasm_n will_v always_o and_o necessary_o be_v less_o clear_a in_o the_o imagination_n than_o they_o be_v in_o sense_n which_o be_v not_o true_a for_o in_o dream_n which_o be_v the_o imagination_n of_o those_o that_o sleep_n they_o be_v no_o less_o clear_a than_o in_o sense_n itself_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o man_n wake_v the_o phantasm_n of_o thing_n past_a be_v more_o obscure_a than_o those_o of_o thing_n present_a be_v this_o that_o their_o organ_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n move_v by_o other_o present_a object_n those_o phantasm_n be_v the_o less_o predominant_a whereas_o in_o sleep_n the_o passage_n be_v shut_v up_o external_a action_n do_v not_o at_o all_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v internal_a motion_n if_o this_o be_v true_a the_o next_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v will_v be_v whether_o any_o cause_n may_v be_v find_v out_o from_o the_o supposition_n whereof_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o passage_n be_v shut_v up_o from_o the_o external_a object_n of_o sense_n to_o the_o internal_a organ_n i_o suppose_v therefore_o that_o by_o the_o continual_a action_n of_o object_n to_o which_o a_o reaction_n of_o the_o organ_n and_o more_o esqecial_o of_o the_o spirit_n be_v necessary_o consequent_a the_o organ_n be_v weary_v that_o be_v its_o part_n be_v no_o long_o move_v by_o the_o spirit_n without_o some_o pain_n and_o consequent_o the_o nerve_n be_v abandon_v and_o grow_v slack_a they_o retire_v to_o their_o fountain_n which_o be_v the_o cavity_n either_o of_o the_o brain_n or_o of_o the_o heart_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o action_n which_o proceed_v by_o the_o nerve_n be_v necessary_o intercept_v for_o action_n upon_o a_o patient_n that_o retire_v from_o it_o make_v but_o little_a impression_n at_o the_o first_o and_o at_o last_o when_o the_o nerve_n be_v by_o little_a and_o little_o slacken_v none_o at_o all_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o more_o reaction_n that_o be_v no_o more_o sense_n till_o the_o organ_n be_v refresh_v by_o rest_n and_o by_o a_o supply_n of_o new_a spirit_n recover_v strength_n and_o motion_n the_o sentient_n awake_v and_o thus_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v always_o unless_o some_o other_o preternatural_a cause_n intervene_v as_o heat_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n from_o lassitude_n or_o from_o some_o disease_n stir_v the_o spirit_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n in_o some_o extraordinary_a manner_n 8_o now_o it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n nor_o so_o casual_a a_o thing_n as_o many_o perhaps_o think_v it_o that_o phantasm_n in_o this_o their_o great_a variety_n proceed_v from_o one_o another_o and_o that_o the_o same_o phantasm_n sometime_o bring_v into_o the_o mind_n other_o phantasm_n like_o themselves_o and_o at_o other_o time_n extreme_o unlike_a for_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o any_o continue_a body_n one_o part_n follow_v another_o by_o cohaesion_n and_o therefore_o whilst_o we_o turn_v our_o eye_n and_o other_o organ_n successive_o to_o many_o object_n the_o motion_n which_o be_v make_v by_o every_o one_o of_o they_o remain_v the_o phantasm_n be_v renew_v as_o often_o as_o any_o of_o those_o motion_n come_v to_o be_v predominant_a above_o the_o rest_n and_o they_o become_v predominant_a in_o the_o same_o order_n in_o which_o at_o any_o time_n former_o they_o be_v generate_v by_o sense_n so_o that_o when_o by_o length_n of_o time_n very_o many_o phantasm_n have_v be_v generate_v within_o we_o by_o sense_n than_o almost_o any_o thought_n may_v arise_v from_o any_o other_o thought_n in_o so_o much_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o thing_n indifferent_a and_o casual_a which_o thought_n shall_v follow_v which_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n this_o be_v not_o so_o uncertain_a a_o thing_n to_o wake_v as_o to_o sleep_a man_n for_o the_o thought_n or_o phantasm_n of_o the_o desire_a end_n bring_v in_o all_o the_o phantasm_n that_o be_v mean_n conduce_v to_o that_o end_n and_o that_o in_o order_n backwards_o from_o the_o last_o to_o the_o first_o and_o again_o forward_o from_o the_o beginning_n to_o the_o end_n but_o this_o suppose_v both_o appetite_n and_o judgement_n to_o discern_v what_o mean_v conduce_v to_o the_o end_n which_o be_v get_v by_o experience_n and_o experience_n be_v store_n of_o phantasm_n arise_v from_o the_o sense_n of_o very_a many_o thing_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o meminisse_fw-la fancy_n and_o memory_n differ_v only_o in_o this_o that_o memory_n suppose_v the_o time_n past_a which_o fancy_n do_v not_o in_o memory_n the_o phantasm_n we_o consider_v be_v as_o if_o they_o be_v wear_v out_o with_o time_n but_o in_o our_o fancy_n we_o consider_v they_o as_o they_o be_v which_o distinction_n be_v not_o of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o of_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o sentient_a for_o there_o be_v in_o memory_n something_o like_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o look_v upon_o thing_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n in_o which_o as_o the_o small_a part_n of_o the_o object_n be_v not_o discern_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o remoteness_n so_o in_o memory_n many_o accident_n and_o place_n and_o part_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v former_o perceive_v by_o sense_n be_v by_o length_n of_o time_n decay_v and_o lose_v the_o perpetual_a arise_v of_o phantasm_n both_o in_o sense_n and_o imagination_n be_v that_o which_o we_o common_o call_v discourse_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v common_a to_o man_n with_o other_o live_a creature_n for_o he_o thta_fw-la think_v compare_v the_o phantasm_n that_o pass_v that_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o their_o likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n to_o one_o another_o and_o as_o he_o that_o observe_v ready_o the_o likeness_n of_o thing_n of_o different_a nature_n or_o that_o be_v very_o remote_a from_o one_o another_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o good_a fancy_n so_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o good_a judgement_n that_o find_v out_o the_o unlikeness_n or_o difference_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v like_o one_o another_o now_o this_o observation_n of_o difference_n be_v not_o perception_n make_v by_o a_o common_a organ_n of_o sense_n distinct_a from_o sense_n or_o perception_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o be_v memory_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o particular_a phantasm_n remain_v for_o some_o time_n as_o the_o distinction_n between_o hot_a and_o lucid_a be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o memory_n both_o of_o a_o heat_n and_o of_o a_o enlighten_v object_n 9_o the_o phantasm_n of_o man_n that_o sleep_v be_v dream_n concern_v which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o experience_n these_o five_o thing_n first_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o be_v neither_o order_n nor_o coherence_n in_o they_o second_o that_o we_o dream_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o be_v compound_v and_o make_v up_o of_o the_o phantasm_n of_o sense_n past_a three_o that_o sometime_o they_o proceed_v as_o in_o those_o that_o be_v drowsy_a from_o the_o interruption_n of_o their_o phantasm_n by_o little_a and_o little_o break_v and_o alter_v through_o sleepiness_n and_o sometime_o also_o they_o begin_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o sleep_n four_o that_o they_o be_v clear_a than_o the_o imagination_n of_o wake_a man_n except_o such_o as_o be_v make_v by_o sense_n itself_o to_o which_o they_o be_v equal_a in_o clearness_n five_o that_o when_o we_o dream_v we_o admire_v neither_o the_o place_n nor_o the_o look_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o appear_v to_o we_o now_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o phaenomena_n for_o as_o for_o the_o first_o see_v all_o order_n and_o coherence_n proceed_v from_o frequent_a
sometime_o aversion_n to_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o they_o think_v it_o will_v either_o be_v for_o their_o good_a or_o their_o hurt_n while_o that_o vicissitude_n of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n remain_v in_o they_o they_o have_v that_o series_n of_o thought_n which_o be_v call_v deliberation_n which_o last_v as_o long_o as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o their_o power_n to_o obtain_v that_o which_o please_v or_o to_o avoid_v that_o which_o displease_v they_o appetite_n therefore_o and_o aversion_n be_v simple_o so_o call_v as_o long_o as_o they_o follow_v not_o deliberation_n but_o if_o deliberation_n have_v go_v before_o than_o the_o last_o act_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v appetite_n be_v call_v will_n if_o aversion_n unwillingness_n so_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v call_v both_o will_n and_o appetite_n but_o the_o consideration_n of_o they_o namely_o before_o and_o after_o deliberation_n be_v divers_a nor_o be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v within_o a_o man_n while_o he_o will_v any_o thing_n different_a from_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o other_o live_a creature_n while_o deliberation_n have_v precede_v they_o have_v appetite_n neither_o be_v the_o freedom_n of_o willing_a or_o not_o will_v great_a in_o man_n then_o in_o other_o live_a creature_n for_o where_o there_o be_v appetite_n the_o entire_a cause_n of_o appetite_n have_v precede_v and_o consequent_o the_o act_n of_o appetite_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o follow_v that_o be_v have_v of_o necessity_n follow_v as_o be_v show_v chapt._n 9th_o article_n 5._o and_o therefore_o such_o a_o liberty_n as_o be_v free_a from_o necessity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o will_v either_o of_o man_n or_o beast_n but_o if_o by_o liberty_n we_o understand_v the_o faculty_n or_o power_n not_o of_o willing_a but_o of_o do_v what_o they_o will_v then_o certain_o that_o liberty_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o both_o and_o both_o may_v equal_o have_v it_o whensover_v it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v again_o when_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n do_v with_o celerity_n succeed_v one_o another_o the_o whole_a series_n make_v by_o they_o have_v its_o name_n sometime_o from_o one_o sometime_o from_o the_o other_o for_o the_o same_o deliberation_n while_o it_o incline_v sometime_o to_o one_o sometime_o to_o the_o other_o be_v from_o appetite_n call_v hope_n and_o from_o aversion_n fear_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v fear_n but_o hate_v and_o where_o no_o fear_n not_o hope_n but_o desire_v to_o conclude_v all_o the_o passion_n call_v passion_n of_o the_o mind_n consist_v of_o appetite_n and_o aversion_n except_o pure_a pleasure_n and_o pain_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a fruition_n of_o good_a or_o evil_a as_o anger_n be_v aversion_n from_o some_o imminent_a evil_n but_o such_o as_o be_v join_v with_o appetite_n of_o avoid_v that_o evil_a by_o force_n but_o because_o the_o passion_n and_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v innumerable_a and_o many_o of_o they_o not_o to_o be_v discern_v in_o any_o creature_n beside_o man_n i_o will_v speak_v of_o they_o more_o at_o large_a in_o that_o section_n which_o be_v concern_v man._n as_o for_o those_o object_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o stir_v the_o mind_n we_o be_v say_v to_o contemn_v they_o and_o thus_o much_o of_o sense_n in_o general_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o sensible_a object_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o star_n 1_o the_o magnitude_n and_o duration_n of_o the_o world_n inscrutable_a 2_o no_o place_n in_o the_o world_n empty_a 3_o the_o argument_n of_o lucretius_n for_o vacuum_n invalid_a 4_o other_o argument_n for_o the_o establish_n of_o vacuum_n invalid_a 5_o six_o supposition_n for_o the_o salve_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n 6_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n annual_a and_o diurnal_a and_o of_o the_o apparent_a direction_n station_n and_o retrogradation_n of_o the_o planet_n 7_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n why_o likely_a 8_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o excentricity_n of_o the_o annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n 9_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o moon_n have_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o face_n turn_v towards_o the_o earth_n 10_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o ocean_n 11_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o praecession_n of_o the_o equinox_n 1_o consequent_a to_o the_o contemplation_n of_o sense_n be_v the_o contemplation_n of_o body_n which_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n or_o object_n of_o sense_n now_o every_o object_n be_v either_o a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n or_o a_o aggregate_v of_o part_n the_o great_a of_o all_o body_n or_o sensible_a object_n be_v the_o world_n itself_o which_o we_o behold_v when_o we_o look_v round_o about_o we_o from_o this_o point_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o call_v the_o earth_n concern_v the_o world_n as_o it_o be_v one_o aggregate_v of_o many_o part_n the_o thing_n that_o fall_v under_o inquiry_n be_v but_o few_o and_o those_o we_o can_v determine_v none_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o may_v inquire_v what_o be_v its_o magnitude_n what_o its_o duration_n and_o how_o many_o there_o be_v but_o nothing_o else_o for_o as_o for_o place_n and_o time_n that_o be_v to_o say_v magnitude_n and_o duration_n they_o be_v only_o our_o own_o fancy_n of_o a_o body_n simple_o so_o call_v that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o a_o body_n indefinite_o take_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o in_o the_o 7_o chapter_n all_o other_o phantasm_n be_v of_o body_n or_o object_n as_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o one_o another_o as_o colour_n the_o phantasm_n of_o colour_a body_n sound_v of_o body_n that_o move_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v etc._n etc._n the_o question_n concern_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o world_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a full_a or_o not_o full_a concern_v its_o duration_n whether_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n or_o be_v eternal_a and_o concern_v the_o number_n whether_o there_o be_v one_o or_o many_o though_o as_o concern_v the_o number_n if_o it_o be_v of_o infinite_a magnitude_n there_o can_v be_v no_o controversy_n at_o all_o also_o if_o it_o have_v a_o beginning_n then_o by_o what_o cause_n and_o of_o what_o matter_n it_o be_v make_v and_o again_o from_o whence_o that_o cause_n and_o that_o matter_n have_v their_o be_v will_v be_v new_a question_n till_o at_o last_o we_o come_v to_o one_o or_o many_o eternal_a cause_n or_o cause_n and_o the_o determination_n of_o all_o these_o thing_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o profess_v the_o universal_a doctrine_n of_o philosophy_n in_o case_n as_o much_o can_v be_v know_v as_o can_v be_v seek_v but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v infinite_a can_v never_o be_v attain_v by_o a_o finite_a inquirer_n whatsoever_o we_o know_v that_o be_v man_n we_o learn_v it_o from_o our_o phantasm_n and_o of_o infinite_a whether_o magnitude_n or_o time_n there_o be_v no_o phantasm_n at_o all_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a either_o for_o a_o man_n or_o any_o other_o creature_n to_o have_v any_o conception_n of_o infinite_a and_o though_o a_o man_n may_v from_o some_o effect_n proceed_v to_o the_o immediate_a cause_n thereof_o &_o from_o that_o to_o a_o more_o remote_a cause_n and_o so_o ascend_v continual_o by_o right_a ratiocination_n from_o cause_n to_o cause_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o proceed_v eternal_o but_o weary_v will_v at_o last_o give_v over_o without_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o he_o to_o proceed_v to_o a_o end_n or_o not_o but_o whether_o we_o suppose_v the_o world_n to_o be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a no_o absurdity_n will_v follow_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o now_o appear_v may_v appear_v whether_o the_o creator_n have_v please_v it_o shall_v be_v finite_a or_o infinite_a beside_o though_o from_o this_o that_o nothing_o can_v move_v itself_o it_o may_v right_o be_v infer_v that_o there_o be_v some_o first_o eternal_a movent_fw-la yet_o it_o can_v never_o be_v infer_v though_o some_o use_n to_o make_v such_o inference_n that_o that_o movent_fw-la be_v eternal_o immovable_a but_o rather_o eternal_o move_v for_o as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o nothing_o be_v move_v by_o itself_o so_o it_o be_v true_a also_o that_o nothing_o be_v move_v but_o by_o that_o which_o be_v already_o move_v the_o question_n therefore_o about_o the_o magnitude_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n be_v not_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o philosopher_n but_o by_o those_o that_o be_v lawful_o authorise_v to_o order_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n for_o as_o almighty_a god_n when_o he_o have_v bring_v his_o people_n into_o judaea_n allow_v the_o priest_n the_o first_o fruit_n reserve_v to_o himself_o so_o when_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o the_o world_n to_o the_o disputation_n of_o man_n it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n that_o
the_o midst_n of_o the_o heaven_n 15_o the_o cause_n of_o whiteness_n 16_o the_o cause_n of_o blackness_n 1_o beside_o the_o star_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o last_o chapt._n whatsoever_o other_o body_n there_o be_v in_o the_o world_n they_o may_v be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o intersidereal_a body_n and_o these_o i_o have_v already_o suppose_v to_o be_v either_o the_o most_o fluid_a aether_n or_o such_o body_n who_o part_n have_v some_o degree_n of_o cohaesion_n now_o these_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o their_o several_a consistency_n magnitude_n motion_n and_o figure_n in_o consistency_n i_o suppose_v some_o body_n to_o be_v hard_o other_o soft_a through_o all_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o tenacity_n in_o magnitude_n some_o to_o be_v great_a other_o less_o and_o many_o unspeakable_o little_a for_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o by_o the_o understanding_n quantity_n be_v divisible_a into_o divisibles_fw-fr perpetual_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o man_n can_v do_v as_o much_o with_o his_o hand_n as_o he_o can_v with_o his_o understanding_n he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o take_v from_o any_o give_a magnitude_n a_o part_n which_o shall_v be_v less_o than_o any_o other_o magnitude_n give_v but_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n can_v actual_o from_o a_o part_n of_o any_o thing_n take_v another_o parâ—_n as_o far_o as_o we_o by_o our_o understanding_n can_v conceive_v the_o same_o to_o be_v divisible_a wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o impossible_a smallness_n of_o body_n and_o what_o hinder_v but_o that_o we_o may_v think_v this_o likely_a for_o we_o know_v there_o be_v some_o live_a creature_n so_o small_a that_o we_o can_v scarce_o see_v their_o whole_a body_n yet_o even_o these_o have_v their_o young_a one_o their_o little_a vein_n and_o other_o vessel_n and_o their_o eye_n so_o small_a as_o that_o no_o microscope_n can_v make_v they_o visible_a so_o that_o we_o can_v suppose_v any_o magnitude_n so_o little_a but_o that_o our_o very_a supposition_n be_v actual_o exceed_v by_o nature_n beside_o there_o be_v now_o such_o microscope_n common_o make_v that_o the_o thing_n we_o see_v with_o they_o appear_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o time_n big_a than_o they_o will_v do_v if_o we_o look_v upon_o they_o with_o our_o bare_a eye_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o doubt_n but_o that_o by_o augment_v the_o power_n of_o these_o microscope_n for_o it_o may_v be_v augment_v as_o long_o as_o neither_o matter_n nor_o the_o hand_n of_o workman_n be_v want_v every_o one_o of_o those_o hundred_o thousand_o part_n may_v yet_o appear_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o time_n geat_a than_o they_o do_v before_o neither_o be_v the_o smallness_n of_o some_o body_n to_o be_v more_o admire_v than_o the_o vast_a greatness_n of_o other_o for_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o infinite_a power_n as_o well_o to_o augment_v infinite_o as_o infinite_o to_o diminish_v to_o make_v the_o great_a orb_n namely_o that_o who_o radius_fw-la reach_v from_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o a_o point_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o make_v a_o body_n so_o little_a as_o to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o proportion_n less_o than_o any_o other_o visible_a body_n proceed_v equal_o from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o author_n of_o nature_n but_o this_o of_o the_o immense_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v account_v a_o incredible_a thing_n be_v now_o believe_v by_o almost_o all_o the_o learned_a why_o then_o shall_v not_o that_o other_o of_o the_o smallness_n of_o some_o body_n become_v credible_a at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o for_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n appear_v no_o less_o in_o small_a thing_n then_o in_o great_a and_o as_o it_o exceed_v humane_a sense_n in_o the_o immense_a greatness_n of_o the_o universe_n so_o also_o it_o do_v in_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o nor_o be_v the_o first_o element_n of_o composition_n nor_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o action_n nor_o the_o first_o moment_n of_o time_n more_o credible_a then_o that_o which_o be_v now_o believe_v of_o the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n some_o thing_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o mortal_a man_n to_o be_v very_o great_a though_o finite_a as_o see_v they_o to_o be_v such_o they_o acknowledge_v also_o that_o some_o thing_n which_o they_o do_v not_o see_v may_v be_v of_o infinite_a magnitude_n but_o they_o be_v not_o present_o nor_o without_o great_a study_n persuade_v that_o there_o be_v any_o mean_a between_o infinite_a &_o the_o great_a of_o those_o thing_n which_o either_o they_o see_v or_o imagine_v nevertheless_o when_o after_o meditation_n &_o contemplation_n many_o thing_n which_o we_o wonder_v at_o before_o be_v now_o grow_v more_o familiar_a to_o we_o we_o then_o believe_v they_o and_o transfer_v our_o admiration_n from_o the_o creature_n to_o the_o creator_n but_o how_o little_a soever_o some_o body_n may_v be_v yet_o i_o will_v not_o suppose_v their_o quantity_n to_o be_v less_o then_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o salve_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n i_o shall_v suppose_v their_o motion_n namely_o their_o velocity_n and_o slowness_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o their_o figure_n to_o be_v only_o such_o as_o the_o explication_n of_o their_o natural_a cause_n require_v and_o last_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o pure_a aether_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o first_o matter_n have_v no_o motion_n at_o all_o but_o what_o they_o receive_v from_o body_n which_o float_v in_o they_o and_o be_v not_o themselves_o fluid_a 2_o have_v lay_v these_o ground_n let_v we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o cause_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n let_v we_o inquire_v what_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v therefore_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v by_o its_o simple_a circular_a motion_n thrust_v away_o the_o ambient_fw-la aethereal_a substance_n sometime_o one_o way_n sometime_o another_o so_o that_o those_o part_n which_o be_v next_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v by_o it_o do_v propagate_v that_o motion_n to_o the_o next_o remote_a part_n and_o these_o to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o on_o continual_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o any_o distance_n the_o foremost_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n will_v at_o last_o be_v press_v and_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o that_o part_n the_o motion_n will_v be_v propagate_v to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sight_n namely_o to_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o the_o reaction_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o will_v proceed_v a_o endeavour_n back_o by_o the_o same_o way_n end_v in_o the_o endeavour_n outward_o of_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o eye_n call_v the_o retina_fw-la but_o this_o endeavour_n outward_o as_o have_v be_v define_v in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n be_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v call_v light_n or_o the_o phantasm_n of_o a_o lucid_a body_n for_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o this_o phantasm_n that_o a_o object_n be_v call_v lucid._n wherefore_o we_o have_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o i_o undertake_v to_o find_v 3_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v accompany_v with_o the_o generation_n of_o heat_n now_o every_o man_n know_v what_o heat_n be_v in_o himself_o by_o feel_v it_o when_o he_o grow_v hot_a but_o what_o it_o be_v in_o other_o thing_n he_o know_v only_o by_o ratiocination_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o grow_v hot_a and_o another_o thing_n to_o heat_n or_o make_v hot._n and_o therefore_o though_o we_o perceive_v that_o the_o fire_n or_o the_o sun_n heat_v yet_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v itself_o hot._n that_o other_o live_a creature_n while_o they_o make_v other_o thing_n hot_a be_v hot_a themselves_o we_o infer_v by_o reason_v from_o the_o like_a sense_n in_o ourselves_o but_o this_o be_v not_o a_o necessary_a inference_n for_o though_o it_o may_v true_o be_v say_v of_o live_a creature_n that_o they_o heat_v therefore_o they_o be_v themselves_o hot_a yet_o it_o can_v from_o hence_o be_v true_o infer_v that_o fire_n heat_v therefore_o it_o be_v itself_o hot_a no_o more_o than_o this_o fire_n cause_v pain_n therefore_o it_o be_v itself_o in_o pain_n wherefore_o that_o be_v only_o and_o proper_o call_v hot_a which_o when_o we_o feel_v we_o be_v necessary_o hot._n now_o when_o we_o grow_v hot_a we_o find_v that_o our_o spirit_n and_o blood_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v fluid_a within_o we_o be_v call_v out_o from_o the_o internal_a to_o the_o external_a part_n of_o our_o body_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o that_o our_o skin_n swell_v he_o therefore_o that_o can_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n
but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o hard_a particle_n which_o be_v mingle_v with_o the_o air_n and_o be_v agitate_a as_o i_o have_v suppose_v with_o simple_a motion_n will_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o water_n of_o the_o cloud_n but_o be_v more_o straight_o compress_v within_o their_o cavity_n and_o this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v at_o the_o four_o and_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 22th_o chapter_n beside_o see_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n float_v in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v agitate_a by_o the_o sun_n motion_n the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n resist_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v spread_v themselves_o every_o way_n upon_o the_o earth_n superficies_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o the_o 21th_o chapter_n 5_o we_o perceive_v a_o body_n to_o be_v hard_a from_o this_o that_o when_o touch_v it_o we_o will_v thrust_v forward_o that_o part_n of_o the_o same_o which_o we_o touch_v we_o can_v do_v it_o otherwise_o then_o by_o thrust_v forward_o the_o whole_a body_n we_o may_v indeed_o easy_o and_o sensible_o thrust_v forward_o any_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n or_o water_n which_o we_o touch_v whilst_o yet_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n remain_v to_o sense_n unmoved_a but_o we_o can_v do_v so_o to_o any_o part_n of_o a_o stone_n wherefore_o i_o define_v a_o hard_a body_n to_o be_v that_o whereof_o no_o part_n can_v be_v sensible_o move_v unless_o the_o whole_a be_v move_v whatsoever_o therefore_o be_v soft_a or_o fluid_a the_o same_o can_v never_o be_v make_v hard_o but_o by_o such_o motion_n as_o make_v many_o of_o the_o part_n together_o stop_v the_o motion_n of_o some_o one_o part_n by_o resist_v the_o same_o 6_o these_o thing_n premise_v i_o shall_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n why_o there_o be_v great_a cold_a near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o further_o from_o they_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n between_o the_o tropic_n drive_v the_o air_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n superficies_n which_o be_v perpendicular_o under_o it_o make_v it_o spread_v itself_o every_o way_n and_o the_o velocity_n of_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n grow_v great_a and_o great_a as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o straighten_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la come_v to_o be_v less_o and_o less_o wherefore_o this_o expansive_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n drive_v before_o it_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o its_o way_n continual_o towards_o the_o pole_n more_o and_o more_o strong_o as_o its_o force_n come_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o unite_a that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v less_o and_o less_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v great_a cold_a then_o in_o those_o which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o they_o now_o this_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n perpetual_a accession_n to_o the_o place_n which_o be_v successive_o under_o it_o make_v it_o cold_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v but_o as_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o be_v continual_o more_o and_o more_o perpendicular_a to_o those_o cool_v place_n so_o by_o the_o heat_n which_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o superven_a simple_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o cold_a be_v again_o remit_v and_o can_v never_o be_v great_a because_o the_o action_n by_o the_o which_o it_o be_v generate_v be_v not_o permanent_a wherefore_o i_o have_v render_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o cold_a in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n or_o where_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v great_a 7_o how_o water_n may_v be_v congeal_v by_o cold_a may_v be_v explain_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n represent_v the_o sun_n and_o b_o the_o earth_n a_o will_v therefore_o be_v much_o great_a than_o b._n let_v of_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o which_o let_v gh_a ik_fw-mi and_o lc_n be_v parallel_n last_o let_v c_o and_o d_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n therefore_o by_o its_o action_n in_o those_o parallel_n will_v rake_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o with_o motion_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o the_o parallel_a circle_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o from_o whence_o must_v arise_v a_o wind_n which_o will_v force_v together_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o withal_o raise_v they_o a_o little_a weaken_v their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n join_v with_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o say_a wind_n the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v press_v together_o and_o coagulate_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v skin_v over_o and_o harden_v and_o so_o again_o the_o water_n next_o the_o top_n will_v be_v harden_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n till_o at_o length_n the_o ice_n be_v thick_a and_o this_o ice_n be_v now_o compact_v of_o little_a hard_a body_n must_v also_o contain_v many_o particle_n of_o air_n receive_v into_o it_o as_o river_n and_o sea_n so_o also_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n may_v the_o cloud_n be_v freeze_v for_o when_o by_o the_o ascend_a and_o descend_v of_o several_a cloud_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o air_n intercept_v between_o they_o be_v by_o compression_n force_v out_o it_o rake_n &_o by_o little_a &_o little_o harden_v they_o and_o though_o those_o small_a drop_n which_o usual_o make_v cloud_n be_v not_o yet_o unite_v into_o great_a body_n yet_o the_o same_o wind_n will_v be_v make_v &_o by_o it_o as_o water_n be_v congeal_v into_o ice_n so_o will_v vapour_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v congeal_v into_o snow_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o ice_n may_v be_v make_v by_o art_n and_o that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o mingle_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n together_o and_o by_o bury_v in_o it_o a_o small_a vessel_n full_a of_o water_n now_o while_o the_o snow_n and_o salt_n which_o have_v in_o they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o air_n be_v melt_v the_o air_n which_o be_v press_v out_o every_o way_n in_o wind_n rake_n the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o as_o the_o wind_n by_o its_o motion_n rake_n the_o vessel_n so_o the_o vessel_n by_o the_o same_o motion_n and_o action_n congeles_fw-la the_o water_n within_o it_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o cold_a be_v always_o more_o remiss_a in_o place_n where_o it_o rain_v or_o where_o the_o weather_n be_v cloudy_a thing_n be_v alike_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n then_o where_o the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o what_o i_o have_v say_v before_o for_o in_o clear_a weather_n the_o course_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o as_o i_o say_v even_o now_o rake_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v free_a from_o all_o interruption_n so_o also_o it_o be_v very_o strong_a but_o when_o small_a drop_n of_o water_n be_v either_o rise_n or_o fall_v that_o wind_n be_v repel_v break_v and_o dissipate_v by_o they_o and_o the_o less_o the_o wind_n be_v the_o less_o be_v the_o cold._n we_o find_v also_o by_o experience_n that_o in_o deep_a well_n the_o water_n freeze_v not_o so_o much_o as_o it_o do_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o wind_n by_o which_o ice_n be_v make_v enter_v into_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o laxity_n of_o its_o part_n more_o or_o less_o lose_v some_o of_o its_o force_n though_o not_o much_o so_o that_o if_o the_o well_o be_v not_o deep_a it_o will_v freeze_v whereas_o if_o it_o be_v so_o deep_a as_o that_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_v cold_a can_v reach_v it_o it_o will_v not_o freeze_v we_o find_v moreover_o by_o experience_n that_o ice_n be_v light_a than_o water_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v manifest_a from_o that_o which_o i_o have_v already_o show_v namely_o that_o air_n be_v receive_v in_o and_o mingle_v with_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o water_n while_o it_o be_v in_o congeling_n 8_o we_o have_v see_v one_o way_n of_o make_v thing_n hard_a namely_o by_o congelation_n another_o way_n be_v thus_o have_v already_o suppose_v that_o innumerable_a atom_n some_o hard_a than_o other_o and_o that_o have_v several_a simple_a motion_n of_o their_o own_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n
it_o alone_o and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o search_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n 2_o now_o we_o call_v those_o body_n heavy_a which_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o force_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n for_o aught_o we_o can_v by_o sense_n perceive_v to_o the_o contrary_n some_o philosopher_n therefore_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n proceed_v from_o some_o internal_a appetite_n by_o which_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v upward_o they_o descend_v again_o as_o move_v by_o themselves_o to_o such_o place_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n other_o think_v they_o be_v attract_v by_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o former_a i_o can_v assent_v because_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o beginning_n of_o motion_n but_o from_o a_o external_a &_o move_a body_n and_o consequent_o that_o whatsoever_o have_v motion_n or_o endeavour_n towards_o any_o place_n will_v always_o move_v or_o endeavour_v towards_o that_o same_o place_n unless_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o reaction_n of_o some_o external_a body_n heavy_a body_n therefore_o be_v once_o cast_v upward_o can_v be_v cast_v down_o again_o but_o by_o external_a motion_n beside_o see_v inanimate_a body_n have_v no_o appetite_n at_o all_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v that_o by_o their_o own_o innate_a appetite_n they_o shall_v to_o preserve_v themselves_o not_o understand_v what_o preserve_v they_o forsake_v the_o place_n they_o be_v in_o and_o transfer_v themselves_o to_o another_o place_n whereas_o man_n who_o have_v both_o appetite_n and_o understanding_n can_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o own_o life_n raise_v himself_o by_o leap_v above_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n from_o the_o ground_n last_o to_o attribute_v to_o create_a body_n the_o power_n to_o move_v themselves_o what_o be_v it_o else_o then_o to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v creature_n which_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o the_o creator_n to_o the_o late_a who_o attribute_v the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o assent_n but_o by_o what_o motion_n this_o be_v do_v have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v explain_v by_o any_o man_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o place_n say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o of_o the_o way_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n by_o its_o action_n attract_v heavy_a body_n 3_o that_o by_o the_o supposition_n of_o simple_a motion_n in_o the_o sun_n homogeneous_a body_n be_v congregat_v and_o heterogeneous_a dissipate_v have_v already_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n i_o have_v also_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o pure_a air_n certain_a little_a body_n or_o as_o other_o call_v they_o atom_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o extreme_a smallness_n be_v invisible_a and_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o consistence_n 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above_o to_o the_o earth_n some_o be_v carry_v with_o great_a other_o with_o less_o impetus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v some_o be_v more_o heavy_a than_o other_o we_o must_v also_o inquire_v by_o what_o mean_v such_o body_n as_o settle_v upon_o the_o earth_n may_v by_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v force_v to_o ascend_v 4_o let_v the_o circle_n make_v upon_o the_o centre_n c_o in_o the_o 2d_o figure_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o the_o point_n a_o and_o b._n also_o let_v any_o heavy_a body_n as_o the_o stone_n a_o d_o be_v place_v any_o where_o in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v cast_v up_o from_o a_o d_o perpendicular_o or_o to_o be_v carry_v in_o any_o other_o line_n to_o e_o and_o suppose_v to_o rest_v there_o therefore_o how_o much_o space_n soever_o the_o stone_n take_v up_o in_o a_o d_o so_o much_o space_n it_o take_v up_o now_o in_o e._n and_o because_o all_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v full_a the_o space_n a_o d_o will_v be_v fill_v by_o the_o air_n which_o flow_v into_o it_o first_o from_o the_o near_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o afterward_o successive_o from_o more_o remote_a place_n upon_o the_o centre_n c_o let_v a_o circle_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v draw_v through_o e_z and_o let_v the_o plain_a space_n which_o be_v between_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o plain_a orb_n equal_a and_o concentrique_fw-la of_o which_o let_v that_o be_v the_o first_o which_o be_v contain_v by_o the_o two_o perimeter_n that_o pass_v through_o a_o &_o d._n whilst_o therefore_o the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o first_o orb_n fill_v the_o place_n a_o d_o the_o orb_n itself_o be_v make_v so_o much_o less_o and_o consequent_o its_o latitude_n be_v less_o than_o the_o straight_a line_n a_o d._n wherefore_o there_o will_v necessary_o descend_v so_o much_o air_n from_o the_o orb_n next_o abvoe_n in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o same_o cause_n there_o will_v also_o be_v a_o descent_n of_o air_n from_o the_o orb_n next_o above_o that_o and_o so_o by_o succession_n from_o the_o orb_n in_o which_o the_o stone_n be_v at_o rest_n in_o e._n either_o therefore_o the_o stone_n itself_o or_o so_o much_o air_n will_v descend_v and_o see_v air_n be_v by_o the_o diurnal_a revolution_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o easy_o thrust_v away_o than_o the_o stone_n the_o air_n which_o be_v in_o the_o orb_n that_o contain_v the_o stone_n will_v be_v force_v further_a upward_o than_o the_o stone_n but_o this_o without_o the_o admission_n of_o vacuum_n can_v be_v unless_o so_o much_o air_n descend_v to_o e_z from_o the_o place_n next_o above_o which_o be_v do_v the_o stone_n will_v be_v thrust_v downward_o by_o this_o mean_n therefore_o the_o stone_n now_o receive_v the_o beginning_n of_o its_o descent_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o its_o gravity_n furthermore_o whatsoever_o be_v once_o move_v will_v be_v move_v continual_o as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 19_o article_n of_o the_o 8_o chapter_n in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o celerity_n except_o it_o be_v retard_v or_o accelerate_a by_o some_o external_a movent_fw-la now_o the_o air_n which_o be_v the_o only_a body_n that_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o earth_n a_o and_o the_o stone_n above_o it_o e_z will_v have_v the_o same_o action_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a_o which_o it_o have_v in_o e._n but_o it_o depress_v the_o stone_n in_o e_z and_o therefore_o also_o it_o will_v depress_v it_o equal_o in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a._n wherefore_o the_o stone_n will_v descend_v from_o e_o to_o a_o with_o accelerate_a motion_n the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o demonstration_n will_v serve_v if_o the_o stone_n be_v place_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o any_o other_o circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o because_o this_o motion_n have_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a slowness_n less_o force_n to_o thrust_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n then_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o no_o force_n at_o all_o at_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v well_o be_v think_v for_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a consequent_a that_o heavy_a body_n descend_v with_o less_o and_o less_o velocity_n as_o they_o be_v more_o &_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la &_o that_o at_o the_o pole_n themselves_o they_o will_v either_o not_o descend_v at_o all_o or_o not_o descend_v by_o the_o axis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a experience_n must_v determine_v but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n both_o because_o the_o
to_o be_v settle_v any_o where_o as_o at_o h._n if_o now_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n be_v augment_v the_o water_n will_v descend_v below_o h_n and_o if_o the_o heat_n be_v diminish_v it_o will_v ascend_v above_o it_o which_o though_o it_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o experience_n the_o cause_n nevertheless_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v discover_v in_o the_o 6_o and_o 7_o article_n of_o the_o 27_o chapter_n where_o i_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o cold_a i_o have_v show_v that_o fluid_a body_n be_v make_v cold_a by_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o constant_a wind_n that_o press_v they_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v press_v at_o f_o and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o which_o it_o may_v retire_v from_o this_o pressure_n beside_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o cylinder_n between_o h_n and_o e_o it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_o force_v thither_o by_o the_o cold_a and_o consequent_o it_o ascend_v more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o cold_a be_v more_o or_o less_o increase_v and_o again_o as_o the_o heat_n be_v more_o intense_a or_o the_o cold_a more_o remiss_a the_o same_o water_n will_v be_v depress_v more_o or_o less_o by_o its_o own_o gravity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n above_o explicate_v 13_o also_o live_v creature_n though_o they_o be_v heavy_a can_v by_o leap_v swim_v &_o fly_v raise_v themselves_o to_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o height_n but_o they_o can_v do_v this_o except_o they_o be_v support_v by_o some_o resist_a body_n as_o the_o earth_n the_o water_n and_o the_o air_n for_o these_o motion_n have_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o contraction_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o body_n animate_v for_o to_o this_o contraction_n there_o succee_v a_o distension_n of_o their_o whole_a body_n by_o which_o distension_n the_o earth_n the_o water_n or_o the_o air_n which_o support_v they_o be_v press_v and_o from_o hence_o by_o the_o reaction_n of_o those_o press_a body_n live_v creature_n acquire_v a_o endeavour_n upward_o but_o such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o their_o body_n be_v present_o lose_v again_o by_o this_o endeavour_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o live_v creature_n raise_v themselves_o up_o a_o little_a way_n by_o leap_v but_o to_o no_o great_a purpose_n but_o by_o swim_v &_o fly_v they_o raise_v themselves_o to_o a_o great_a height_n because_o before_o the_o effect_n of_o their_o endeavour_n be_v quite_o extinguish_v by_o the_o gravity_n of_o their_o body_n they_o can_v renew_v the_o same_o endeavour_n again_o that_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n without_o any_o antecedent_n contraction_n of_o the_o muscle_n or_o the_o help_n of_o something_o to_o support_v he_o any_o man_n can_v be_v able_a to_o raise_v his_o body_n upward_o be_v a_o childish_a conceit_n for_o if_o it_o be_v true_a a_o man_n may_v raise_v himself_o to_o what_o height_n he_o please_v 14_o the_o diaphanous_a medium_fw-la which_o surround_v the_o eye_n on_o all_o fides_fw-la be_v invisible_a nor_o be_v air_n to_o be_v see_v in_o air_n nor_o water_n in_o water_n nor_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o which_o be_v more_o opacous_a but_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o two_o diaphanous_a body_n one_o of_o they_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o a_o thing_n so_o very_o ridiculous_a for_o ordinary_a people_n to_o think_v all_o that_o space_n empty_a in_o which_o we_o say_v be_v air_n it_o be_v the_o work_n of_o reason_n to_o make_v we_o conceive_v that_o the_o air_n be_v any_o thing_n for_o by_o which_o of_o our_o sense_n be_v it_o that_o we_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o air_n see_v we_o neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v nor_o taste_n nor_o smell_v nor_o feel_v it_o to_o be_v any_o thing_n when_o we_o feel_v heat_n we_o do_v not_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o air_n but_o to_o the_o fire_n nor_o do_v we_o say_v the_o air_n be_v cold_a but_o we_o ourselves_o be_v cold_a and_o when_o we_o feel_v the_o wind_n we_o rather_o think_v something_o be_v come_v then_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v already_o come_v also_o we_o do_v not_o at_o all_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o water_n in_o water_n much_o less_o of_o air_n in_o air_n that_o we_o come_v to_o know_v that_o to_o be_v a_o body_n which_o we_o call_v air_n it_o be_v by_o reason_v but_o it_o be_v from_o one_o reason_n only_o namely_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o remote_a body_n to_o work_v upon_o our_o organ_n of_o sense_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o body_n intermediate_v without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n of_o they_o till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v contiguous_a wherefore_o from_o the_o sense_n alone_o without_o reason_v from_o effect_n we_o can_v have_v sufficient_a evidence_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o body_n for_o there_o be_v underground_o in_o some_o mine_n of_o coal_n a_o certain_a matter_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n between_o water_n and_o aire_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v by_o sense_n be_v distinguish_v from_o air_n for_o it_o be_v as_o diaphanous_a as_o the_o pure_a air_n and_o as_o far_o as_o sense_n can_v judge_v equal_o penetrable_a but_o if_o we_o look_v upon_o the_o effect_n it_o be_v like_a that_o of_o water_n for_o when_o that_o matter_n break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n into_o one_o of_o those_o pit_n it_o fill_v the_o same_o either_o total_o or_o to_o some_o degree_n and_o if_o a_o man_n or_o fire_n be_v then_o let_v down_o into_o it_o it_o extinguish_v they_o in_o almost_o as_o little_a time_n as_o water_n will_v do_v but_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o shall_v describe_v the_o 6_o figure_n in_o which_o let_v a_o b_o represent_v the_o pit_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o let_v part_n thereof_o namely_o c_o b_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v fill_v with_o that_o matter_n if_o now_o a_o light_a candle_n be_v let_v down_o into_o it_o below_o c_o it_o will_v as_o sudden_o be_v extinguish_v as_o if_o it_o be_v thrust_v into_o water_n also_o if_o a_o grate_n fill_v with_o coal_n thorough_o kindle_v and_o burn_v never_o so_o bright_o be_v let_v down_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v below_o c_o the_o fire_n will_v begin_v to_o grow_v pale_a and_o short_o after_o lose_v its_o light_n be_v extinguish_v no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o it_o be_v quench_v in_o water_n but_o if_o the_o grate_n be_v draw_v up_o again_o present_o while_o the_o coal_n be_v still_o very_o hot_a the_o fire_n will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o be_v kindle_v again_o and_o shine_v as_o before_o there_o be_v indeed_o between_o this_o matter_n &_o water_v this_o considerable_a difference_n that_o it_o neither_o wet_v nor_o stick_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v put_v down_o into_o it_o as_o water_n do_v which_o by_o the_o moisture_n it_o leave_v hinder_v the_o kindle_v again_o of_o the_o matter_n once_o extinguish_v in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o man_n be_v let_v down_o below_o c_o he_o will_v present_o fall_v into_o 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